Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6139 42127 38320 2026-08-30T09:32:52Z CeeyahD 12470 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369885408|Man]]" 42127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wanuna''' i munhu wa xinuna lonkulu. [ a ] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meaning of "man" in English|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/man|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106000222/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/man|archive-date=6 January 2023|accessdate=18 August 2021|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|publisher=[[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary|Cambridge Dictionary]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of "man"|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/man|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309135059/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/man|archive-date=9 March 2023|accessdate=18 August 2021|website=www.merriam-webster.com|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|language=en}}</ref> Loko a [[Munhu lonkulu|nga si kula]], [[N'wana|n'wana wa]] xinuna kumbe muntshwa u vitaniwa tanihi mufana. Ku fana ni swihadyana swin’wana swo tala swa xinuna leswi mamisaka, hi ntolovelo genome ya xitekela ya wanuna yi dya ndzhaka ya X<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwLA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>chromosome leyi humaka eka manana na Y<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwLg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>chromosome ku suka eka tatana. Ku hambana ka rimbewu ra n`wana wa mfana swi lawuriwa hi jini ya SRY eka chromosome ya Y. Hi nkarhi wa vuhlangi, tihomoni leti hlohletelaka vuhumelerisi bya androgen ti endla leswaku kuva na swihlawulekisi swa vumbirhi swa rimbewu leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na ku hambana lokukulu swinene exikarhi ka rimbewu. Leswi swi katsa misiha leyikulu, ku leha lokukulu, ku kula ka misisi ya le xikandzeni, ni ku va ni mafurha ya le hansi emirini. Anatomy ya xinuna yi hambanisiwa na anatomy ya xisati hi fambiselo ra ku veleka ra xinuna, leri katsaka ti testicles, ti sperm ducts, prostate gland na epididymides, na xirho xa xinuna. Swihlawulekisi swa rimbewu ra vumbirhi swi katsa xirho xo koma xa pelvis na tinyonga, na mavele lamatsongo na tinhlungu. Eka [[Matimu ya misava|matimu hinkwawo ya vanhu]], mintirho ya rimbewu ya ndhavuko hakanyingi yi hlamusele vununa na migingiriko ya vavanuna na minkateko, leswi yisa emahlweni ku hangalaka ka vaaki va vupatriyaka. Leswi swi endla leswaku vavanuna va va na malunghelo lamakulu na matimba, ngopfungopfu ku tlula [[N'wansati|vavasati]], ku sindzisa vulawuri byo tika bya xinuna na swiyimo swa le henhla eka vaaki hinkwavo. Vavanuna va yimeriwe ku tlula mpimo tanihi vaendli va madzolonga ni vahlaseriwa va madzolonga. Hakanyingi vavanuna va kongomisiwa eka tiphurofexini leti nga ni nhlayo leyikulu ya ku fa. Ngopfungopfu vavanuna va langutane ni ku tsarisiwa entirhweni wa vusocha. Tidyondzo to tala ta vukhongeri ti veka milawu yo karhi eka vavanuna, yo tanihi ku yimbisiwa ka vukhongeri. Ku sola nkucetelo wa swiphemu leswi swi humesile ku cinca ku ya eka ndzingano wa rimbewu, naswona swi langutisiwile hi nhlangano wo hambana wa vavanuna. apqs1kk2wyrz810uirviya2n63l9pzz 0 7246 42128 38877 2026-08-30T09:38:41Z CeeyahD 12470 Ndzi lulamisisle swihoxo swa nhweti ya Mhawuri na mapeletelo ya man`wana ya masito 42128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lembe rin’wana na rin’wana''' hi ti 9 ta Mhawuri, [[MaAfrikaDzonga]] ya mindhavuko hinkwayo, tinxaka na mintlawa ya mindhavuko ya hlangana ku tlangela Siku ra Vavasati. Holideyi leyi ya lembe na lembe ya mani na mani yi tsundzuka siku leri taleke hi swiendlakalo eka matimu ya AfrikaDzonga – 9 Mhawuri 1956.<ref name=":0">https://www.dsac.gov.za/womens-day</ref>[[File:International Women's Day 2022 Barcelona 190809.jpg|thumb|Vavasati va kongoma e union building|222x222px]] == Xivangelo xova ku tlangeriwa siku leri. == [[File:Uniegebou.jpg|thumb|245x245px|Union Building]] I yini lexi endlaka leswaku siku leri ri hlawuleka swinene eka [[maAfrikaDzonga]]? Hi siku leri ra ti 9 ta Mhawuri hi 1956 laha ntlawa lowukulu wa vavasati wusunguleke pfhumba ro herisa milawu leyi ayi vekiwile ya leswaku va ntima hinkwavo va fanele ku famba va khomelele swibukwana swa vutitivisi hinkwako laha va fambaka kona. Pfhumba leri risungule loko kwalomu ka 20,000 wa vavasati va macha kuya eka mfumo wa nkarhi walowo.<ref name=":0" /> Milawu leyi a yi vula leswaku vanhu hinkwavo va vantima a va fanele ku rhwala “pass” yo hlawuleka kumbe tsalwa ra vutitivisi leri a va fanele ku ri humesa ku kombisa leswaku va pfumeleriwile ku nghena eka ndzhawu yo karhi leyi vekeriweke valungu. Lowu awuri nawu lowukulu wa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu naswona awu sivela swinene ntshunxeko wo famba famba wa vanhu va vantima.<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/observances/womens-day/background#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20day%20when,developed%20and%20developing%20countries%20alike. https://www.un.org/en/observances/womens-day/background#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20day%20when,developed%20and%20developing%20countries%20alike.]</ref> Pfhumba leri risungule loko kwalomu ka 20,000 wa vavasati va macha kuya eka Muako wa Nhlangano [[eDorobeninkulu ra Pretoria]] kuya kombisa ku vilela hi ku cinca kun’wana loku ringanyetiweke eka milawu yo pasisiwa kumbe Urban Areas Act ya 1950.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/story/9-august-1956-the-women-s-anti-pass-march-africa-media-online/hwWhsZ_nLurALA?hl=en</ref> == '''Swikombo''' == [[Category:Pass Laws]] [[Category:Siku ra vavasati]] [[Category:AfrikaDzonga]] [[Category:union Building]] p3o83u7txxruvcdpvyjdcmiq4faqp1e 0 7931 42119 41791 2026-08-29T20:04:27Z Hlukani25 12469 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351961321|Chair]]" 42119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xitulu''' i muxaka wotshama eka wona, lexi endleriweke munhu un'we naswona xi nga ni milenge ya mune, xitulu lexi andlalekeke kumbe lexi nga ni xivumbeko xa le ndzhaku. Xi nga endliwa hi ntsandza, nsimbi, kumbe swilo leswi endliweke, naswona xi nga ha cheriwa hi mivala yo hambana-hambana na malapi. Switulu swi hambana hi xivumbeko. Xitulu xa mavoko xi ni swikhomo leswi boheleriweke exitulwini;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Armchair|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/armchair|accessdate=13 May 2012|publisher=The Free Dictionary By Farlex}}</ref> Xitulu xa mavhilwa xi ni masungulo naswona xi ni muchini lowu hungutaka nhlana wa xitulu kutani wu tlakusa milenge;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Recliner|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/recliner+?s=t|accessdate=13 May 2012|publisher=Dictionary.com}}</ref> Xitulu lexi fambaka xi ni milenge leyi boheleriweke eka swiphepherhele swimbirhi swo leha; naswona xitulu xa lava lamaleke xi ni mavhilwa lama boheleriweke ehansi ka xitulu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheelchair|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wheelchair?fromAsk=true&o=100074|accessdate=13 May 2012|publisher=Dictionary.com}}</ref> 718yblw2fk6rwpyzy03708abt28yxjj 0 8031 42118 2026-08-29T14:43:34Z Nhlorie 12500 i have added a picture related to the topic of my article 42118 wikitext text/x-wiki Rivengo Ra Tatana. [[File:Mending fishing nets in Japan - watching Grand-Dad mend his net (1914 by Elstner Hilton).jpg|thumb|Rivengo Ra Tatana]] '''Tatana''' i murhangeri wa nkoka emutini hikuva u na vutihlamuleri byo hlayisa, ku kongomisa ni ku sirhelela ndyangu wakwe. Hambiswiritano, minkarhi yinw'ana ku va ni rivengo kumbe ku nga twanani exikarhi ka tatana ni vana vakwe. Rivengo leri ri nga vangiwa hi ku pfumaleka ka ku vulavurisana, swiphiqo swa timali, ku hlundzuka ngopfu kumbe ku kala nkarhi wo tshama ni ndyangu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=Alan |last2=Saebel |first2=Judith |date=1997-12 |title=Mother–Son, Mother–Daughter, Father–Son, and Father–Daughter: Are They Distinct Relationships? |url=https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1997.0456 |journal=Developmental Review |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=567 |doi=10.1006/drev.1997.0456 |issn=0273-2297}}</ref> Loko tatana a hanya hi rivengo kumbe a khoma vana hi ndlela yo biha, vana va nga kula va chava, va lahlekeriwa hi ku titshemba naswona swi nga khumba ndlela leyi va hanyaka ni ku hlayisana ha yona ni van'wana. Leswi swi nga tlhela swi vanga ku hambana exikarhi ka swirho swa ndyangu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mussen |first=Paul |last2=Distler |first2=Luther |date=1959-11 |title=Masculinity, identification, and father-son relationships. |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044529 |journal=The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=350–356 |doi=10.1037/h0044529 |issn=0096-851X}}</ref> Ku herisa rivengo ra tatana swi lava ku va ni ku vulavurisana hi kurhula, ku kombana xichavo ni ku rivalelana. Tatana u fanele a va xikombiso ni ku rivalelana. Tatana u fanele a va xikombiso lexinene hi ku kombisa rirhandzu, ku yingisela vana vakwe ni ku va nyika nkongomiso hi musa. Loko swiphiqo swi tika, ku lava mpfuno eka vakulu va ndyangu kumbe vatsundzuxi, swi nga pfuna ku tlhela ku akiwa vuxaka lebyinene. <ref name=":1" />Hi ku angarhela, ndyangu wu kula kahle loko ku ri ni rirhandzu, ku twanana ni ku xixima, hikuva swona hi swona swi akaka vana lava nga ni vumunhu lebyinene ni vumundzuku byo vangama swinene. TIBUKU LETI TIRHISIWEKE. '''1 Winnicott, D. W. (1949).''' "Hate in the Countertransference." ''International Journal of Psycho-Analysis'', 30, 69-74.<ref name=":0" /> 2 '''Bancroft, L., Silverman, J. G., & Ritchie, D. (2012).''' ''The Batterer as Parent: Addressing the Impact of Domestic Violence on Family Dynamics''. SAGE Publications. <ref name=":1" /> idvrpkb3v6tn7x479gurtrk8q09196r 0 8032 42120 2026-08-29T20:22:28Z Hlukani25 12469 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308498584|Platter (dishware)]]" 42120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndhichi''' i muxaka lowukulu wa xibya lexi tirhisiwaka ku phamela swakudya. I xirhundzu lexi swakudya swi phameriwaka eka xona kutani swi phameriwa vanhu. Xivumbeko xa yona xi nga va xa xirhendzevutana, xa xirhendzhele, xa matlhelo ya nhungu, xa mathonsi kumbe xa xikwere. Eka marito ya xitolo xa swakudya, ndhichi i swakudya leswi phameriwaka eka ndhihi leyi nga ni swakudya swin'we kumbe swo tala, swo tanihi saladi kumbe ma-fray. 7idr09rrv2l4elh4wk5nwjsnwsavf5c 0 8033 42121 2026-08-30T08:15:33Z CeeyahD 12470 ndzi tumbuluxile tluka ra XIGWITSIRISI 42121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LG refrigerator interior.jpg|thumb|Xigwitsirisi]] '''Xigwitsirisi''' i muchini wa le kaya lowu tirhisiwaka ku '''hlayisa swakudya na swakunwa swi titimela''' leswaku swi nga hatli swi bola. Xigwitsirisi i xiphemu xa nkoka emutini, emavhengeleni, etindhawini to xavisa swakudya, etihoteleni ni le tindhawini tin'wana leti hlayisaka swakudya.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Matimu == Matimu ya Xigwitsirisi ya fambisana ni ku hluvukisiwa ka tindlela to titimeta swilo. Eku sunguleni, vanhu a va tirhisa '''gwala, gamboko kumbe tindhawu leti titimelaka''' ku hlayisa swakudya. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku tumbuluxiwe michini leyi a yi kota ku endla ndhawu yo titimela handle ko tirhisa gamboko ya ntumbuluko. Xigwitsirisi xa manguva lawa xi sungula ku tirhisiwa ngopfu eka mindyangu loko thekinoloji ya ku titimeta yi ya yi antswa. Namuntlha, ku ni tinxaka to hambanahambana ta swigwitsirisi leti nga ni swilo swo fana ni freezer, vulawuri bya mahiselo na tindhawu to hlayisa swakudya hi ndlela yo hambana.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Matirhelo ya xigwitsirisi == Xigwitsirisi xi tirhisa sisiteme yo titimeta leyi susaka '''ku hisa''' endzeni ka yona yi ku hundzisela ehandle. Swiphemu swa nkoka leswi nga eka sisiteme leyi swi katsa: * '''Compressor''' – yi pfurha naswona yi fambisa gasi yo titimeta eka sisiteme. * '''Condenser''' – yi susa ku hisa eka gasi yo titimeta. * '''Evaporator''' – yi pfuna ku susa ku hisa endzeni ka firiji. * '''Thermostat''' – yi lawula mahiselo ya le ndzeni. * '''Refrigerant''' – i mati kumbe gasi yo hlawuleka leyi tirhisiwaka ku hundzisa ku hisa eka sisiteme. Loko xigwitsirisi xi tirha, mahiselo ya le ndzeni ya hungutiwa. Xiyimo lexi xi pfuna ku hlwela ku andza ka switsongwatsongwana leswi nga vangaka leswaku swakudya swi bola. == Tinxaka ta swigwitsirisi<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Ku ni tinxaka to hambana ta swigwisirisi, ku ya hi vukulu na matirhelo ya tona. Tin'wana ta tona hi leti: === Xigwitsirisi xa le kaya === Leyi hi yona leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu emindyangwini. Yi nga va ni ndhawu yo titimeta swakudya ni '''freezer''' yo endla leswaku swakudya swi titimela swinene. === Xigwitsirisi lexi nga ni freezer === Firiji leyi yi na tindhawu timbirhi: ndhawu ya firiji na ndhawu ya freezer. Freezer yi tirhisiwa ku veka swakudya leswi lavaka ku hlayisiwa nkarhi wo leha. === Xigwitsirisi xa bindzu === Leyi yi tirhisiwa emavhengeleni, etihoteleni, etiresiturente ni le tindhawini tin'wana ta bindzu. Hakanyingi yi va yikulu naswona yi endleriwe ku hlayisa swakudya kumbe swakunwa swo tala. === Xigwitsirisi lexitsongo === Firiji leyitsongo yi tirhisiwa etihofisini, emakamareni ya swichudeni, kumbe etindhawini leti nga laviki firiji leyikulu. == Nkoka wa xigwitsirisi<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Xigwitsirisi xi na nkoka swinene eka vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. Xi pfuna ku: # '''Hlayisa swakudya swi ri swa kahle''' nkarhi wo leha. # '''Hunguta ku onhaka ka swakudya'''. # '''Sirhelela swakudya eka ti-bacteria''' leti andzaka hi ku hatlisa loko mahiselo ma ri ehenhla. # '''Hlayisa swakunwa swi titimela'''. # '''Hunguta ku lahlekeriwa hi swakudya''' emindyangwini ni le mabindzwini. == Ku hlayisa xigwitsirisi == Xigwitsirisi xi fanele ku hlayisiwa kahle leswaku xi tirha kahle naswona xi tirhisa gezi hi ndlela leyinene. Nwinyi wa xigwitsirisi u fanele ku basisa endzeni ka xona nkarhi na nkarhi, ku tiyisisa leswaku rivanti ri pfala kahle, naswona a nga fambi a ri pfula rivanti handle ka xivangelo. Loko xugwitsirisi xi endla mpfumawulo lowu nga tolovelekangiki, xi nga ha va xi lava ku kamberiwa hi munhu loyi a nga ni vutivi bya ku lunghisa michini ya ku titimeta.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Xigwitsirisi na gezi == Swigwitsirisi swi tirhisa '''gezi''' leswaku swi kota ku tirha. Matirhiselo ya gezi ma nga hambana hi ku ya hi vukulu bya xigwitsirisi, muxaka wa yona, khale ka yona na ndlela leyi yi tirhisiwaka ha yona. Swigwitsirisi swa manguva lawa swo tala swi endliwa leswaku swi tirhisa gezi ritsongo loko swi ringanisiwa ni swin'wana swa khale. == Vuhlayiseki == Loko ku tirhisiwa xigwitsirisi, swakudya swi fanele ku vekiwa hi ndlela leyinene leswaku moya wo titimeta wu kota ku famba endzeni ka xona. Swakudya leswi nga ha onhakaka swi fanele ku hlayisiwa hi mahiselo lama faneleke. Xigwitsirisi na xona xi fanele ku vekiwa endhawini leyi nga ni moya naswona xi nga vekiwi ekusuhi swinene ni swihlovo swa ku hisa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoskins |first=R.A. |date=1977-01-01 |title=Energy and cost analysis of residential refrigerators |url=https://doi.org/10.2172/7325133 |last2=Hirst |first2=E.}}</ref> == SWIKOMBO == * '''U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS).''' ''Refrigeration & Food Safety.'' Yi hlamusela matimu ya refrigeration, matirhelo ya firiji na nkoka wa ku titimeta eka vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. Refrigeration & Food Safety – USDA FSIS * '''U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS).''' ''Appliance Thermometers.'' Yi nyika vuxokoxoko hi mahiselo lama faneleke ya firiji na freezer. Appliance Thermometers – USDA FSIS * '''U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS).''' ''How Temperatures Affect Food.'' Yi hlamusela ndlela leyi mahiselo ma khumbaka ku kula ka ti-bacteria ni vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. How Temperatures Affect Food – USDA FSIS * '''U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS).''' ''What temperature should a refrigerator maintain?'' Yi hlamusela leswaku firiji yi fanele ku hlayisa mahiselo ya '''40°F (4.4°C) kumbe ehansi''' leswaku swakudya swi hlayiseka. What temperature should a refrigerator maintain? – USDA FSIS * '''U.S. Department of Energy.''' ''Purchasing Energy-Efficient Residential Refrigerators.'' Yi nyika vuxokoxoko hi ku tirhisa gezi hi ndlela leyinene eka tifiriji ta le kaya ni energy efficiency. Purchasing Energy-Efficient Residential Refrigerators – U.S. Department of Energy [[Category:XIGWITSIRISI]] g0q1xc8soi0cw6x2q2i6r9hvdk0smb6 42122 42121 2026-08-30T08:17:46Z CeeyahD 12470 /* SWIKOMBO */ 42122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LG refrigerator interior.jpg|thumb|Xigwitsirisi]] '''Xigwitsirisi''' i muchini wa le kaya lowu tirhisiwaka ku '''hlayisa swakudya na swakunwa swi titimela''' leswaku swi nga hatli swi bola. Xigwitsirisi i xiphemu xa nkoka emutini, emavhengeleni, etindhawini to xavisa swakudya, etihoteleni ni le tindhawini tin'wana leti hlayisaka swakudya.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Matimu == Matimu ya Xigwitsirisi ya fambisana ni ku hluvukisiwa ka tindlela to titimeta swilo. Eku sunguleni, vanhu a va tirhisa '''gwala, gamboko kumbe tindhawu leti titimelaka''' ku hlayisa swakudya. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku tumbuluxiwe michini leyi a yi kota ku endla ndhawu yo titimela handle ko tirhisa gamboko ya ntumbuluko. Xigwitsirisi xa manguva lawa xi sungula ku tirhisiwa ngopfu eka mindyangu loko thekinoloji ya ku titimeta yi ya yi antswa. Namuntlha, ku ni tinxaka to hambanahambana ta swigwitsirisi leti nga ni swilo swo fana ni freezer, vulawuri bya mahiselo na tindhawu to hlayisa swakudya hi ndlela yo hambana.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Matirhelo ya xigwitsirisi == Xigwitsirisi xi tirhisa sisiteme yo titimeta leyi susaka '''ku hisa''' endzeni ka yona yi ku hundzisela ehandle. Swiphemu swa nkoka leswi nga eka sisiteme leyi swi katsa: * '''Compressor''' – yi pfurha naswona yi fambisa gasi yo titimeta eka sisiteme. * '''Condenser''' – yi susa ku hisa eka gasi yo titimeta. * '''Evaporator''' – yi pfuna ku susa ku hisa endzeni ka firiji. * '''Thermostat''' – yi lawula mahiselo ya le ndzeni. * '''Refrigerant''' – i mati kumbe gasi yo hlawuleka leyi tirhisiwaka ku hundzisa ku hisa eka sisiteme. Loko xigwitsirisi xi tirha, mahiselo ya le ndzeni ya hungutiwa. Xiyimo lexi xi pfuna ku hlwela ku andza ka switsongwatsongwana leswi nga vangaka leswaku swakudya swi bola. == Tinxaka ta swigwitsirisi<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Ku ni tinxaka to hambana ta swigwisirisi, ku ya hi vukulu na matirhelo ya tona. Tin'wana ta tona hi leti: === Xigwitsirisi xa le kaya === Leyi hi yona leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu emindyangwini. Yi nga va ni ndhawu yo titimeta swakudya ni '''freezer''' yo endla leswaku swakudya swi titimela swinene. === Xigwitsirisi lexi nga ni freezer === Firiji leyi yi na tindhawu timbirhi: ndhawu ya firiji na ndhawu ya freezer. Freezer yi tirhisiwa ku veka swakudya leswi lavaka ku hlayisiwa nkarhi wo leha. === Xigwitsirisi xa bindzu === Leyi yi tirhisiwa emavhengeleni, etihoteleni, etiresiturente ni le tindhawini tin'wana ta bindzu. Hakanyingi yi va yikulu naswona yi endleriwe ku hlayisa swakudya kumbe swakunwa swo tala. === Xigwitsirisi lexitsongo === Firiji leyitsongo yi tirhisiwa etihofisini, emakamareni ya swichudeni, kumbe etindhawini leti nga laviki firiji leyikulu. == Nkoka wa xigwitsirisi<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Xigwitsirisi xi na nkoka swinene eka vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. Xi pfuna ku: # '''Hlayisa swakudya swi ri swa kahle''' nkarhi wo leha. # '''Hunguta ku onhaka ka swakudya'''. # '''Sirhelela swakudya eka ti-bacteria''' leti andzaka hi ku hatlisa loko mahiselo ma ri ehenhla. # '''Hlayisa swakunwa swi titimela'''. # '''Hunguta ku lahlekeriwa hi swakudya''' emindyangwini ni le mabindzwini. == Ku hlayisa xigwitsirisi == Xigwitsirisi xi fanele ku hlayisiwa kahle leswaku xi tirha kahle naswona xi tirhisa gezi hi ndlela leyinene. Nwinyi wa xigwitsirisi u fanele ku basisa endzeni ka xona nkarhi na nkarhi, ku tiyisisa leswaku rivanti ri pfala kahle, naswona a nga fambi a ri pfula rivanti handle ka xivangelo. Loko xugwitsirisi xi endla mpfumawulo lowu nga tolovelekangiki, xi nga ha va xi lava ku kamberiwa hi munhu loyi a nga ni vutivi bya ku lunghisa michini ya ku titimeta.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2017-10-31 |title=Beef carcass inspection systems William James, formerly Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-USDA, USA |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114226-23 |publisher=Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing |isbn=978-1-351-11422-6 |pages=151–162}}</ref> == Xigwitsirisi na gezi == Swigwitsirisi swi tirhisa '''gezi''' leswaku swi kota ku tirha. Matirhiselo ya gezi ma nga hambana hi ku ya hi vukulu bya xigwitsirisi, muxaka wa yona, khale ka yona na ndlela leyi yi tirhisiwaka ha yona. Swigwitsirisi swa manguva lawa swo tala swi endliwa leswaku swi tirhisa gezi ritsongo loko swi ringanisiwa ni swin'wana swa khale. == Vuhlayiseki == Loko ku tirhisiwa xigwitsirisi, swakudya swi fanele ku vekiwa hi ndlela leyinene leswaku moya wo titimeta wu kota ku famba endzeni ka xona. Swakudya leswi nga ha onhakaka swi fanele ku hlayisiwa hi mahiselo lama faneleke. Xigwitsirisi na xona xi fanele ku vekiwa endhawini leyi nga ni moya naswona xi nga vekiwi ekusuhi swinene ni swihlovo swa ku hisa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoskins |first=R.A. |date=1977-01-01 |title=Energy and cost analysis of residential refrigerators |url=https://doi.org/10.2172/7325133 |last2=Hirst |first2=E.}}</ref> == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:XIGWITSIRISI]] n6ibjfjlj57ppmnn5ri919fh6oekpu7 0 8034 42123 2026-08-30T08:53:23Z CeeyahD 12470 NDZI TUMBULUXILE TLUKA RA NKUKULU 42123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:New brooms.jpg|thumb|Tinxaka ta minkukulu]] '''Nkukulu''' i xitirhisiwa xo basisa lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku kukula '''misava, ritshuri, thyaka, matluka ni swilo swin'wana leswi nga lavekiki'''. Nkukulu wu kumeka emindyangwini, eswikolweni, etihofisini, emavhengeleni ni le tindhawini tin'wana leti lavaka ku basisiwa. Hakanyingi yi endliwa hi mhandzi '''yo leha''' leyi khomanisiweke ni swiphemu swo tiya leswi kukulaka thyaka.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> == Matimu == Ku tirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa swo kukula i ka khale swinene. Eku sunguleni, vanhu a va tirhisa '''switsandza, timhandzi letitsongo,''' '''mahlanga kumbe swiphemu swin'wana swa swimilani''' ku susa ritshuri, nkuma ni thyaka. Switirhisiwa leswi swi endleke masungulo ya tinxaka ta nkukulu leti tirhisiwaka namuntlha.<ref>Pruitt, S. (2025). '''Why witches ride brooms? The history behind the legend'''. ''History''. Yi hlamusela matimu ya ku swepa ni ku tirhisiwa ka swiphemu swa swimilani ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (HISTORY)</ref> Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku endliwe nhluvuko eka ndlela leyi nkukulu wu endliwaka ha yona. Swiphemu swo kukula swi sungule ku endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, ku katsa fibre ya swimilani na timhandzi. Eka lembexidzana ra vu-19, ku endliwe nhluvuko lowukulu eka ku endliwa ka nkukulu, ngopfungopfu eka tindlela ta ku hlanganisa swiphemu swo kukula ni mhandzi.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> == Vuxokoxoko bya nkukulu == Nkukulu wa ntolovelo wu na swiphemu swimbirhi leswikulu: * '''mhandzi''' – i nhonga kumbe thonga ro leha leri munhu a ri khomaka loko a kukula. * '''Nhloko ya''' '''nkukulu'''– i ndhawu leyi nga ni swiphemu swo tala swo tiya kumbe fibre leyi khomanisiweke eka nhonga. Hi yona leyi khumbaka misava naswona yi susaka thyaka <ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> Vukulu, ku tiya ni muxaka wa swiphemu swo kukula swi nga hambana hi ku ya hi ndhawu leyi nkukulu wu endleriweke ku tirhisiwa eka yona. == Tinxaka ta nkukulu == Ku ni tinxaka to hambana ta nkukulu, naswona muxaka wun'wana ni wun'wana wu nga tirhisiwa eka ndhawu yo karhi. === nkukulu wo tiya === Nkukulu wo tiya wu na swiphemu swo kukula leswi tiyeke. Wu fanele ku tirhisiwa ku susa thyaka lerikulu, misava kumbe swilo leswi nga ni ntiko. Yi nga tirhisiwa ehandle, ematshan'weni ya concrete kumbe emintangeni [1]. === nkukulu wo olova === Nkukulu wo olova wu na swiphemu swo kukula leswi olovaka. Wu tirhisiwa ngopfu ku susa ritshuri ni swilo leswitsongo eka switepisi, le ndlwini kumbe eka swilo leswi lavaka ku khomiwa hi vukheta. === nkukulu wa matluka === Nkukulu wa matluka wu endliwa hi swiphemu swa swimilani kumbe matluka lama omisiweke. Wu nga tirhisiwa ngopfu ku nkukukulu matluka ni thyaka emutini kumbe ehandle. === nkukulu lowutsongo === Nkukulu lewutsongo wu na nhonga yo koma naswona wu tirhisiwa eka tindhawu letitsongo. Minkarhi yin'wana wu tirhisiwa swin'we ni '''dustpan''' leswaku thyaka leri kukuriwaka ri hlengeletiwa hi ku olova.<ref>Nedelcheva, A., Dogan, Y., & Guarrera, P. M. (2007). Plants traditionally used to make brooms in several European countries. ''Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3''. Yi kambisisa swimilani leswi tirhisiwaka hi mindhavuko yo hambana ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (Wikipedia)</ref> == Matirhiselo ya nkukulu == Nkukulu wu tirhisiwa eka tindhawu to tala, ku katsa: * ku kukula makamara; * ku susa ritshuri emigangeni; * ku kukula matluka emutini; * ku basisa switepisi; * ku basisa tindhawu ta le handle; * ku susa nkuma ni thyaka; * ku basisa tindhawu ta mabindzu ni le swikolweni.<ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). '''When and how to clean and disinfect your home'''. Yi nyika vuxokoxoko hi ku basisa tindhawu ta le kaya ni nkoka wa ku basisa nkarhi na nkarhi. (CDC)</ref> Nkukulu i xitirhisiwa lexi olovaka ku xi tirhisa naswona a xi lavi gezi. Hiku tirhisa ka xona, munhu a nga kota ku basisa ndhawu hi ku hatlisa. == Tinhlamuselo ta le handle == [1] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca) [2] Pruitt, S. (2025). '''Why witches ride brooms? The history behind the legend'''. ''History''. Yi hlamusela matimu ya ku swepa ni ku tirhisiwa ka swiphemu swa swimilani ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (HISTORY) [3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). '''Cleaning and disinfecting'''. Yi hlamusela nkoka wa ku basisa eka ku susa thyaka na ti-germs ni ku hunguta ku hangalaka ka mavabyi. (CDC) [4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). '''When and how to clean and disinfect your home'''. Yi nyika vuxokoxoko hi ku basisa tindhawu ta le kaya ni nkoka wa ku basisa nkarhi na nkarhi. (CDC) [5] Nedelcheva, A., Dogan, Y., & Guarrera, P. M. (2007). Plants traditionally used to make brooms in several European countries. ''Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3''. Yi kambisisa swimilani leswi tirhisiwaka hi mindhavuko yo hambana ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (Wikipedia) [[Category:KU BASISA]] 3ihuzpxurfd715amkoge6v6ewoew395 42124 42123 2026-08-30T08:55:16Z CeeyahD 12470 /* Tinhlamuselo ta le handle */ 42124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:New brooms.jpg|thumb|Tinxaka ta minkukulu]] '''Nkukulu''' i xitirhisiwa xo basisa lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku kukula '''misava, ritshuri, thyaka, matluka ni swilo swin'wana leswi nga lavekiki'''. Nkukulu wu kumeka emindyangwini, eswikolweni, etihofisini, emavhengeleni ni le tindhawini tin'wana leti lavaka ku basisiwa. Hakanyingi yi endliwa hi mhandzi '''yo leha''' leyi khomanisiweke ni swiphemu swo tiya leswi kukulaka thyaka.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> == Matimu == Ku tirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa swo kukula i ka khale swinene. Eku sunguleni, vanhu a va tirhisa '''switsandza, timhandzi letitsongo,''' '''mahlanga kumbe swiphemu swin'wana swa swimilani''' ku susa ritshuri, nkuma ni thyaka. Switirhisiwa leswi swi endleke masungulo ya tinxaka ta nkukulu leti tirhisiwaka namuntlha.<ref>Pruitt, S. (2025). '''Why witches ride brooms? The history behind the legend'''. ''History''. Yi hlamusela matimu ya ku swepa ni ku tirhisiwa ka swiphemu swa swimilani ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (HISTORY)</ref> Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku endliwe nhluvuko eka ndlela leyi nkukulu wu endliwaka ha yona. Swiphemu swo kukula swi sungule ku endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, ku katsa fibre ya swimilani na timhandzi. Eka lembexidzana ra vu-19, ku endliwe nhluvuko lowukulu eka ku endliwa ka nkukulu, ngopfungopfu eka tindlela ta ku hlanganisa swiphemu swo kukula ni mhandzi.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> == Vuxokoxoko bya nkukulu == Nkukulu wa ntolovelo wu na swiphemu swimbirhi leswikulu: * '''mhandzi''' – i nhonga kumbe thonga ro leha leri munhu a ri khomaka loko a kukula. * '''Nhloko ya''' '''nkukulu'''– i ndhawu leyi nga ni swiphemu swo tala swo tiya kumbe fibre leyi khomanisiweke eka nhonga. Hi yona leyi khumbaka misava naswona yi susaka thyaka <ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. (1815). '''Broom'''. Yi hlamusela xapu/tshitirhisiwa xo swepa, matimu ya xona ni swilo leswi a swi tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swa xona. (jimclifford.ca)</ref> Vukulu, ku tiya ni muxaka wa swiphemu swo kukula swi nga hambana hi ku ya hi ndhawu leyi nkukulu wu endleriweke ku tirhisiwa eka yona. == Tinxaka ta nkukulu == Ku ni tinxaka to hambana ta nkukulu, naswona muxaka wun'wana ni wun'wana wu nga tirhisiwa eka ndhawu yo karhi. === nkukulu wo tiya === Nkukulu wo tiya wu na swiphemu swo kukula leswi tiyeke. Wu fanele ku tirhisiwa ku susa thyaka lerikulu, misava kumbe swilo leswi nga ni ntiko. Yi nga tirhisiwa ehandle, ematshan'weni ya concrete kumbe emintangeni [1]. === nkukulu wo olova === Nkukulu wo olova wu na swiphemu swo kukula leswi olovaka. Wu tirhisiwa ngopfu ku susa ritshuri ni swilo leswitsongo eka switepisi, le ndlwini kumbe eka swilo leswi lavaka ku khomiwa hi vukheta. === nkukulu wa matluka === Nkukulu wa matluka wu endliwa hi swiphemu swa swimilani kumbe matluka lama omisiweke. Wu nga tirhisiwa ngopfu ku nkukukulu matluka ni thyaka emutini kumbe ehandle. === nkukulu lowutsongo === Nkukulu lewutsongo wu na nhonga yo koma naswona wu tirhisiwa eka tindhawu letitsongo. Minkarhi yin'wana wu tirhisiwa swin'we ni '''dustpan''' leswaku thyaka leri kukuriwaka ri hlengeletiwa hi ku olova.<ref>Nedelcheva, A., Dogan, Y., & Guarrera, P. M. (2007). Plants traditionally used to make brooms in several European countries. ''Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3''. Yi kambisisa swimilani leswi tirhisiwaka hi mindhavuko yo hambana ku endla switirhisiwa swo swepa. (Wikipedia)</ref> == Matirhiselo ya nkukulu == Nkukulu wu tirhisiwa eka tindhawu to tala, ku katsa: * ku kukula makamara; * ku susa ritshuri emigangeni; * ku kukula matluka emutini; * ku basisa switepisi; * ku basisa tindhawu ta le handle; * ku susa nkuma ni thyaka; * ku basisa tindhawu ta mabindzu ni le swikolweni.<ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). '''When and how to clean and disinfect your home'''. Yi nyika vuxokoxoko hi ku basisa tindhawu ta le kaya ni nkoka wa ku basisa nkarhi na nkarhi. (CDC)</ref> Nkukulu i xitirhisiwa lexi olovaka ku xi tirhisa naswona a xi lavi gezi. Hiku tirhisa ka xona, munhu a nga kota ku basisa ndhawu hi ku hatlisa. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:KU BASISA]] iznyd58so19efi3g14f92fym1gjlu5a 0 8035 42125 2026-08-30T09:10:32Z CeeyahD 12470 NDZI TUMBULUXILE TLUKA RA POTO 42125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:COOKING POT ON FIRE.jpg|thumb|Poto ra nsimbi endzilweni]] '''Mbita/Poto''' i xitirhisiwa lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku '''sweka, virisa kumbe kufumeta swakudya'''. Mbitana yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, ku fana ni vumba, nsimbi, aluminium kumbe ceramic. Tikhamba to sweka hi vumba ti tirhisiwile ematikweni yo hambana ku ringana magidi ya malembe naswona ti endle leswaku vanhu va kota ku sweka swakudya hi mati.<ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref> == Matimu == Mbitana i xin'wana xa switirhisiwa swa khale swinene swo sweka. Vuxokoxoko bya vativi va matimu byi komba leswaku timbita ta vumba a ti tirhisiwa ematikweni ya khale ku lulamisa swakudya. Ku tirhisiwa ka timbita ku endle leswaku vanhu va kota ku '''virisa nyama, miroho, mavele ni swakudya swin'wana''' hi mati <ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref>. == Matirhiselo == Mbita yi tirhisiwa ngopfu exitangeni. Yi nga tirhisiwa ku sweka swakudya, ku virisa mati, ku endla swicupu na ku kufumeta swakudya. Tikhamba ta manguva lawa ti endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, naswona tin'wana ti ni swikhomi na swipfalo leswaku ti olova ku tirhisiwa <ref>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). ''Pot''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref>. == Switirhisiwa leswi ri endliwaka ha swona == Poto ra khale a ri tala ku endliwa hi '''vumba''', kasi mapoto ya manguva lawa ya nga endliwa hi '''nsimbi, aluminium kumbe ceramic'''. Poto ra nsimbi ri ni vuyelo bya ku tiyisela ndzilo ni ku fambisa ku hisa kahle <ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref>. == Nkoka wa poto == Poto i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka ku lulamisa swakudya. Ri endla leswaku swakudya swi kota ku virisiwa kumbe ku swekiwa hi ndlela leyi olovaka. Ematikweni yo hambana, mapoto ya khale ya tlhela ya va ni nkoka eka matimu ni ndhavuko wa vanhu <ref>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). ''Pot''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref>. == SWIKOMBO == Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki> The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). ''Pot''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Acropolis Museum. (n.d.). ''Cooking pot''. Acropolis Museum. [[Category:Cooking]] kvadc0vk4i325uuric9f3gv9282bagg 42126 42125 2026-08-30T09:11:41Z CeeyahD 12470 /* SWIKOMBO */ 42126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:COOKING POT ON FIRE.jpg|thumb|Poto ra nsimbi endzilweni]] '''Mbita/Poto''' i xitirhisiwa lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku '''sweka, virisa kumbe kufumeta swakudya'''. Mbitana yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, ku fana ni vumba, nsimbi, aluminium kumbe ceramic. Tikhamba to sweka hi vumba ti tirhisiwile ematikweni yo hambana ku ringana magidi ya malembe naswona ti endle leswaku vanhu va kota ku sweka swakudya hi mati.<ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref> == Matimu == Mbitana i xin'wana xa switirhisiwa swa khale swinene swo sweka. Vuxokoxoko bya vativi va matimu byi komba leswaku timbita ta vumba a ti tirhisiwa ematikweni ya khale ku lulamisa swakudya. Ku tirhisiwa ka timbita ku endle leswaku vanhu va kota ku '''virisa nyama, miroho, mavele ni swakudya swin'wana''' hi mati <ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref>. == Matirhiselo == Mbita yi tirhisiwa ngopfu exitangeni. Yi nga tirhisiwa ku sweka swakudya, ku virisa mati, ku endla swicupu na ku kufumeta swakudya. Tikhamba ta manguva lawa ti endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, naswona tin'wana ti ni swikhomi na swipfalo leswaku ti olova ku tirhisiwa <ref>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). ''Pot''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref>. == Switirhisiwa leswi ri endliwaka ha swona == Poto ra khale a ri tala ku endliwa hi '''vumba''', kasi mapoto ya manguva lawa ya nga endliwa hi '''nsimbi, aluminium kumbe ceramic'''. Poto ra nsimbi ri ni vuyelo bya ku tiyisela ndzilo ni ku fambisa ku hisa kahle <ref>Heimann, R. B. (2024). Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: An eternal communion. ''Archaeometry''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12986</nowiki></ref>. == Nkoka wa poto == Poto i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka ku lulamisa swakudya. Ri endla leswaku swakudya swi kota ku virisiwa kumbe ku swekiwa hi ndlela leyi olovaka. Ematikweni yo hambana, mapoto ya khale ya tlhela ya va ni nkoka eka matimu ni ndhavuko wa vanhu <ref>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). ''Pot''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref>. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Cooking]] ehrxtmglernrtrj5htyr7e2diveu4hy