Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4790 42136 41957 2026-09-02T00:43:09Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Vana lava ntsongo vatlanga bolo na swona vati olola.]] '''Tamintlangu''' ti hlanganisa minxaka hikwayo ya mintlangu ya ku phikizana ka [[vanhu]] laha,<ref name="sportaccord">{{cite web|publisher=SportAccord|url=http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&idContent=14881|title=Definition of sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028112912/http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&idContent=14881|archivedate=28 October 2011}}</ref> hi kutirhisa kululamisa, kutirhisa, na ku lota vuswikoti bya [[miri]] naswona va tsakisa vahlaleri.<ref name="council">{{cite web|last=Council of Europe|title=The Europien sport charter|url=https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?id=206451|accessdate=5 March 2012|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606204451/https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016804c9dbb|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Hakanyingi ntlangu wuva exikarhi ka mathlelo ma mbirhi, naswona thlelo rin'wana ri ringeta ku hlula rin'wana. Kuna mintlangu yotala leyi hlanganisaka vatlangi votala hinkarhi wun'we. Mintlangu yi lawuriwa hi milawu yo hambana hambana, kumbe swikholwa-kholwana, leswi endliweke ku kondlotela mphikizano lowu lulameke, naswona yi kondlotela ku avanyisa muhluri un'we eka ntlangu. Hi kuya hi A.T. Kearney, yi hlamusela leswaku Ntlawa wa tamintlangu wu endla kwalomu ka $620 wa tibhiliyonihi lembe ra 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/international/21585012-sportswomen-are-beginning-score-more-commercial-goalsbut-they-still-have-lot-ground|title=Women in sport: Game, sex and match|work=The Economist|date=7 September 2013}}</ref> Ntlangu wa ta majatu hiwona ntlangu lowu tolovelekeke ngopfu , wu landzelriwa hi ntlangu wa bolo.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Finn|first1=Adharanand|title=Running with the Kenyans|url=https://archive.org/details/runningwithkenya0000finn_o9u3|date=2012|page=chapter 2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mangan|first1=J A|title=Sport in Latin American Society: Past and Present|date=2014|page=93}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Mintlangu]] f27q7gr7whmdihum5yht3xujytwcsnc 0 4890 42135 41978 2026-09-02T00:09:14Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = HIV/AIDS | image = Red Ribbon.svg | caption = Xilapani xo tshuka imfungo wo seketela vanhu lava hankyaka na vuvabyi bya HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/life-course/news/events/world-aids-day/en/|title=World AIDS Day|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref> | pronounce = | DiseasesDB = 5938 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|20||b|20}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|042}} • {{ICD9|043}} • {{ICD9|044}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000594 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 783434 | eMedicine_mult = | MeshID = D000163 }} '''HIV/AIDS''' i nxaxamelo wa swikombiso swa vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV.<ref name="pmid11396444">{{Cite journal|author=Sepkowitz KA|title=AIDS—the first 20 years|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=344|issue=23|pages=1764–72|date=June 2001|pmid=11396444|doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442306}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Alexander Krämer, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Klaus Krickeberg,|title=Modern infectious disease epidemiology concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9780387938356|page=88|edition=Online-Ausg.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Di0_5x82HykC&pg=PA88}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Wilhelm Kirch|title=Encyclopedia of public health|date=2008|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781402056130|pages=676–677|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSPK7-CHw7oC&pg=PA676}}</ref> Endzhaku ko tluleriwa, munhu anga vona angarina swikombiso, kumbe avona swikombiso swo fana na swa vuvabyu bya mukhuhlwana. Hakanyingi nkarhi wo tluleriwa, wu landzela hi nkarhi woleha kuri hava swikombiso swa vuvabyi.<ref name="CDC21015Bas">{{cite web|title=About HIV/AIDS|url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|website=CDC|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=December 6, 2015}}</ref> Loko vuvabyi byi karhi byi kula, byi kavanyeta masocha ya miri, naswona byi kurisa marhengu yo hlaseriwa hi mavabyi man'wana lama fanaka na vuvabyi bya xifuva (TB), swirhangana na marhumba, kukatsa na man'wana mavabyi lama tsongo. Swikombiso leswi swo hetelela swivuriwa vuvabyi bya AIDS. Xiyenge lexi xa vuvabyi xifambelana na ku ondza emirini. Xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV hakanyingi xitlulelana loko vanhu va hlanganela timhaka ta masangu vanga tirirhisi swisirheleri, kumbe ku cheriwa ngati leyi ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi, kumbe ku tirhisa nayithi leyi ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi, kumbe kutluletiwa ka nyimba hi manana loyi atikeke, kuhlanganisa na kuveleka kumbe ku mamisa.<ref name="TransmissionM2007">{{cite book|last=Markowitz|first=edited by William N. Rom ; associate editor, Steven B.|title=Environmental and occupational medicine|year=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6299-1|page=745|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&pg=PA745|edition=4th}}</ref> Swilo swo fana na marha kumbe mihloti ya munhu aswi tluleti xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV.<ref name="CDCtransmission">[http://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm HIV and Its Transmission]-[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]-2003</ref> Tindlela to sivela vuvabyi lebyi tihlanganisa kuhlanganela masangu loku sirhelelekeke, kunga tirhisi tinayithi ta swarihanyo na van'wana, kutshungula lava tluletiweke, na ku yimba ka vaxinuna.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Vuvabyi eka vana byi nga siveriwa hi ku nyika manana na n'wana mirhi ya vuvabyi lebyi.<ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{cite web|title=HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=November 2015}}</ref> Kuhava nthlavelo kumbe nthsungulo wa vuvabyi lebyi, hambi swiritano kuna mirhi leyi kotaka ku antswisa swikombiso swa vuvabyi lebyi, naswona yi endla leswaku munhu ahanya vutomi byo antswa.<ref name="CDC21015Bas" /><ref name="UN2012Vac">{{cite news|title=The quest for an HIV vaccine|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|date=May 18, 2012|author=UNAIDS|access-date=August 25, 2017|archive-date=May 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524051113/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kububumabumeriwa leswaku vanhu va sungula kudya mirhi endzhaku ka ku tiyisisa leswaku vana vuvabyi lebyi.<ref name="WHO2015Tx">{{cite book|title=Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.|date=2015|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241509565|page=13|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> Handle ka mirhi ya vutshunguri, vanhu lava tluleriweke hixitalo vahanya kwalomu ka hansi ka malembe ya khume-n'we.<ref name="UNAIDS2007">{{cite web|author=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]]|date=December 2007|title=2007 AIDS epidemic update|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|accessdate=March 12, 2008|format=PDF|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527201701/http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|archivedate=May 27, 2008|df=}}</ref> Hi lembe ra 2016 akuri na kwalomu ka 36.7 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu lava hanyaka na xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV naswona kulove kwalomu ka 1 wa timiliyoni.<ref name="UNAIDS2016">{{cite web|title=Fact sheet - Latest statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic {{!}} UNAIDS|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|website=www.unaids.org|accessdate=21 July 2017|archive-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713205307/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Xitalo xa vanhu lava ava kumeka e ndzongeni ra tiko-nkulu wa [[Afrika]].<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Kusukela loko vuvabyi lebyi byi tiviwa kuta fika eka lembe ra 2014,  AIDS yi vangele kwalomu ka mafu ya 39&#x20;&#x77;&#x61;&#x20;&#x74;&#x69;miliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Basic Statistics|url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html|website=CDC|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=November 3, 2015}}</ref> HIV/AIDS yi voniwa tanihi ntungu - kunga vuvabyi lebyi vaka e tindzhawini to tala naswona byi yaka byi kula.<ref name="Kallings">{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|year=2008|volume=263|issue=3|pages=218–43|title=The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS|author=Kallings LO|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|pmid=18205765|url=http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x}}</ref> Ku ehleketwa leswaku xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV xingava xi tumbulukile evuxeni byale xikarhi ka tiko-nkulu ra Afrika eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 19 na 20.<ref name="Orgin2011">{{cite journal|last=Sharp|first=PM|author2=Hahn, BH|title=Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic|journal=Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine|date=September 2011|volume=1|issue=1|pages=a006841|pmid=22229120|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006841|pmc=3234451}}</ref> AIDS yi tiyisiwile ro sungula hi Ndzawulo ya vulawuri na vusirheleri bya mavabyi (CDC) yale [[Amerikha]] hi lembe ra 1981, kasi xivangelo xa vuvabyi lebyi - xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV xitiyisiwile eka malembe lama landzeleke.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gallo RC|title=A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years|journal=Retrovirology|volume=3|page=72|year=2006|pmid=17054781|doi=10.1186/1742-4690-3-72|url=http://www.retrovirology.com/content/3//72|pmc=1629027|issue=1|archive-date=2020-05-02|access-date=2017-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502072301/https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-4690-3-72|dead-url=yes}}</ref> HIV/AIDS yi vange nsusumeto wukulu eka nhlangano wavanhu, tanihi hi vuvyi byo kariha na xivangelo xa xihlahu-hlawu.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4">[http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf The impact of AIDS on people and societies] - [[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]] - 2006</ref> Vuvabyi lebyi byi thlela byi vangela ntshikelelo eka timhaka ta ikhonomi ya misava.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4" /> Kuna mavonelo yo tala lama hoxekeke mayelana na vuvabyi lebyi, kufana na leswaku vuvabyi lebyi byinga tlulelana hi ku khumba munhu kunene.<ref>{{cite web|title=Myth Busters|url=http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref> Vuvabyi lebyi byi vange minjhekanjhekisano ya vukhongeri kuhlanganisa na xiboho xa Vukhongeri bya vu Katolika byo ala ku seketela kutirhisiwa ka ti khondhomu eku sirheleleni vuvabyi lebyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McCullom|first1=Rob|title=An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS previousnext An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|website=The Atlantic|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=26 Feb 2013}}</ref> Byi kokele kutekeriwa enhlokweni hi tindzawulo ta vutshunguri na Tipoliki ta misava, kuhlanganisa na ku seketeriwa hi timali ka migingiriko yo lwisana na byona kusukela loko byi hlavuteriwa hi malembe ya va 1980.<ref name="isbn1-59797-294-0">{{cite book|author=Harden, Victoria Angela|title=AIDS at 30: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/aidsat30history0000hard|publisher=Potomac Books Inc|location=|year=2012|pages=[https://archive.org/details/aidsat30history0000hard/page/324 324]|isbn=1-59797-294-0|oclc=|doi=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|2}} {{Mavabyi}} [[Category:Mavabyi]] 3yllsyjkgb27z96919pdf6qluhf4smc 0 8037 42134 2026-09-01T12:53:53Z Nhlorie 12500 i managed to do heading under references 42134 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkoka wa xikolo. [[File:School Environment.jpg|thumb|194x194px|xikolo xa mfumo.]] '''Xikolo''' xi na nkoka eka vantshwa hikuva uva na vumundzuku lebyinene. Exikolweni hi kuma vutivi, nhlonipho, dyondzo, ku dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsala na swin'wana swotala xikan'we niku twisisa misava leyi hi hanyaka eka yona. Dyondzo yi pfula tindlela to tala eka vutomi bya munhu naswona yi pfuna munhu ku fikelela milorho ya yena.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Information Research Communications |url=https://doi.org/10.5530/irc |publisher=Manuscript Technomedia LLP}}</ref> Xikolo xi tlhela xi dyondzisa vana hlonipho xikanw'e no hanya kahle ni van'wana vana. Hi dyondza ku xixima vanhu lavakulu, ku tirhisana na van'wana, ku landzela milawu ni ku va ni vutihlamuleri. Mahanyelo lawa ma pfuna munhu ku va muako-tiko lonene. Nakambe, xikolo xi pfuna ku tumbuluxa vuswikoti byo fana na vurhangeri, ku vulavula emahlweni ka vanhu, ku tlhatlha swiphiqo ni ku tirha hi ntlawa. Leswi swi pfuna loko munhu a nghena emisaveni ya ntirho.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ruiz |first=Omar Acosta |last2=Ancira-Moreno |first2=Monica |last3=Omaña-Guzmán |first3=Isabel |last4=Cordero |first4=Sonia Hernández |last5=Morales |first5=Arturo Cuauhtémoc Bautista |last6=Navarro |first6=Cecilia Pérez |last7=Méndez |first7=Soraya Burrola |last8=Flores |first8=Eric Monterrubio |last9=Trejo |first9=Alejandra |last10=Kaufer-Horwitz |first10=Martha |last11=Cajero |first11=Ariana |last12=Sánchez |first12=Belén |last13=Bernat |first13=Constanza |last14=Salgado-Amador |first14=Elder |last15=Hoyos-Loya |first15=Elizabeth |date=2024-02-22 |title=Low quality of maternal and child nutritional care at the primary care in Mexico: an urgent call to action for policymakers and stakeholders |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02129-z |journal=International Journal for Equity in Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s12939-024-02129-z |issn=1475-9276}}</ref> Eku heteleleni, nkoka wa xikolo i ku lulamisela vanhu vumundzuku lebyi antswaka. Loko hi tikarhatela ku dyondza, hi nga pfuna mindyangu ya hina, miganga ya hina ni tiko hinkarho. Hikwalaho, hi fanale hi teka dyondzo yi ri ya nkoka naswona hi tirhisa nkarhi wa hina kahle loko hi ri exikolweni <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014-04 |title=UNESCO established an official partnership with SCOPE |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.004 |journal=Environmental Development |volume=10 |pages=137 |doi=10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.004 |issn=2211-4645}}</ref> == Buku leyi tirhisiweke. == https://research.com/education/why-is-education-important<ref>{{Cite book |title=A direction of general education |url=https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-03987-0/11 |publisher=Peter Lang}}</ref> 1wmot8k6nl0cuiu3pelepf0mpg4c7z2 0 8038 42137 2026-09-02T08:26:12Z Nhlorie 12500 i managed to do heading under references 42137 wikitext text/x-wiki Khirexii (Xikolo Xa Vana Lavatsongo). [[File:Ananda MargaChildren's School Nairobi.JPG|thumb]] '''Xikolo''' xa vana lavatsongo, lexi tiviwaka tanihi (''creche), i ndhawu leyi vana va malembe ya le hansi va hlayisiwaka, va dyondzisiwaka ni ku kurisiwa eka yona. Eka ndhawu leyi, vana va sungulu ku dyondza swilo swa nkoka leswi nga ta va pfuna loko va ya eka xikolo xa le henhla. Ekhirexi vana va dyondza ku vulavula, ku yimbelela, ku hlaya tinhlayo, ku tiva mavala ni ku tlanga swin'we na van'wana. Ku tlanga i ndlela ya nkoka leyi endlaka leswaku vana va dyondza hi ku tsaka. Vadyondzisi va tlhela va va dyondzisa ku hlonipha, ku yingisa ni ku tirhisana.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-04|title=Bringing PubMed Commons to Europe PMC|url=https://doi.org/10.59350/kabar-svd56|accessdate=2026-09-02|website=doi.org}}</ref> Khirexi yi tlhela yi pfuna vatswari hikuva va kota ku ya entirhweni va ri ni ntshembo wa leswaku vana va vona va hlayisekile naswona va le ka vahlayisi lava nga ni vutivi. Vana va tlhela va kuma swakudya leswi hanyisaka ni ndhawu leyi tengeke. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-30|title=New faces at Crossref|url=https://doi.org/10.64000/6gpyh-tbg17|accessdate=2026-09-02|website=doi.org}}</ref> Nkoka wa khirexi i ku aka masungulo lamanene ya dzyondzo ni mahanyelo ya vana Loko n'wana a kumadyondzo leyinene ek malembe ya yena yo sungula, swi n'wi pfuna ku va ni ku tinyiketela eka tidyondzo ta yena ta nkarhi lowu taka. Hikwalaho, khirexi i xiphemu xa nkoka eka ku aka vumundzuku lebyinene bya vana ni bya tiko hinkwaro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-04|title=Bringing PubMed Commons to Europe PMC|url=https://doi.org/10.59350/kabar-svd56|accessdate=2026-09-02|website=doi.org}}</ref> == Tibuku leti tirhisiweke. == [http://www​.childstats​.gov/pdf/ac2011/ac_11.pdf. http://www​.childstats​.gov/pdf/ac2011/ac_11.pdf.] [http://ecrp​.uiuc.edu/v11n1/hyson.html. http://ecrp​.uiuc.edu/v11n1/hyson.html.] [http://nces​.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006075.pdf. http://nces​.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006075.pdf.] hllzuwjnzolpvmmqkwvey4wihzlasmu