Wikipedia
tswiki
https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu
MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19
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User:Nayitisam
2
7615
42238
42050
2026-09-11T01:36:18Z
Nayitisam
12493
42238
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Vito ra mina i Nayitisam
[[User:Nayitisam/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Nayitisam/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[*Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[Vamakwenu|Draft4]] [[Draft5]] [[Telkom residence]] [[NSFAS]]
k7jihszcrewen2tfwldydnjfr9l2bqg
Template:Tsipedia/styles.css
10
8043
42228
42224
2026-09-10T13:57:26Z
Derek J Moore
10629
42228
sanitized-css
text/css
/************************************************/
/*** TSikipedia ***/
/*** Heritage in Style ***/
/*┌──────────────────────────────────┬──────────┐*/
/*│ FIRST COLUMN │ SECOND │*/
/*│ flex: 1 │ COLUMN │*/
/*│ │ │*/
/*│ (Tab 1) (Tab 2) (Tab 3) │Badges │*/
/*└──────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘*/
.primary {color:#6F61D4;}
.secondary {color:white;}
/****************************/
/*** HEADER ***/
/****************************/
.tsipedia-header {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
background-color:#6F61D4;
border-radius: 12px;
overflow: hidden;
margin-top: -20px;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.tsipedia-header-left {
padding: 1.4rem 1.75rem;
color: white;
}
.tsipedia-logo {
color:#333333;font-size:4rem;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia, serif;font-variant:small-caps;line-height:100%; padding-top:4px;}
.tsiki-logo-lead { color: #fff; }
.tsiki-logo-end { color: #fff; }
.tsikipedia-tagline {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.3em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
padding-left: 4px;
margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tsikipedia-meta {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 8px;
margin-top: 12px;
}
.tsikipedia-pill {
font-size: 0.85em;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
border-radius: 20px;
padding: 3px 12px;
color: white;
display: inline-block;
border: none !important;
margin-top: 4px;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
min-width: 270px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-title {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.2em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 6px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid p {
display: contents;
}
.tsikipedia-cat {
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
padding: 8px 4px;
border-radius: 10px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.13);
border: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
.tsikipedia-cat:hover {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.28);
}
.tsikipedia-cat a {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
width: 100%;
}
.tsikipedia-cat a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-icon {
font-size: 1.6em;
line-height: 1;
display: block;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-label {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: white;
text-align: center;
line-height: 1.15;
display: block;
}
/****************************/
/*** CSS image ***/
/****************************/
.container {
position: relative;
width: 250px;
height: 400px;
}
.shade {
display: block;
position: relative;
width: 100px;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
border-top: 30px solid #2c3e50;
border-bottom: 30px solid transparent;
border-radius: 50%;
z-index: 40;
}
.top-light {
position: absolute;
height:0;
width:20px;
border-bottom:75px solid #f2ce3a;
border-right:15px solid #f2ce3a;
border-left:15px solid #f2ce3a;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
z-index: 10;
}
.pole {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 20px;
height: 320px;
background: #2c3e50;
}
.base {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 40px;
height: 20px;
background: #1a252f;
border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
}
.contain {
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background-color: #D2CBD5;
transition: color 0.3s, background-color 0.3s;
}
.lamp-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-end;
gap: 20px;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/****************************/
/*** MOBILE ***/
/****************************/
@media screen and (max-width: 560px) {
.tsipedia-header {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
min-width: unset;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
padding: 1rem 1.25rem 1.25rem;
}
.tsipedia-logo { font-size: 1.9em; }
.tsikipedia-tagline { font-size: 1.1em; }
}
/****************************/
/*** Ta Txikipedia ***/
/****************************/
qtfuefoyg1gxxwh9wn969p69gomglkk
42229
42228
2026-09-10T14:46:45Z
Derek J Moore
10629
added
42229
sanitized-css
text/css
/************************************************/
/*** TSikipedia ***/
/*** Heritage in Style ***/
/*┌──────────────────────────────────┬──────────┐*/
/*│ FIRST COLUMN │ SECOND │*/
/*│ flex: 1 │ COLUMN │*/
/*│ │ │*/
/*│ (Tab 1) (Tab 2) (Tab 3) │Badges │*/
/*└──────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘*/
.primary {color:#6F61D4;}
.secondary {color:white;}
/****************************/
/*** HEADER ***/
/****************************/
.tsipedia-header {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
background-color:#6F61D4;
border-radius: 12px;
overflow: hidden;
margin-top: -20px;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.tsipedia-header-left {
padding: 1.4rem 1.75rem;
color: white;
}
.tsipedia-logo {
color:#333333;font-size:4rem;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia, serif;font-variant:small-caps;line-height:100%; padding-top:4px;}
.tsiki-logo-lead { color: #fff; }
.tsiki-logo-end { color: #fff; }
.tsikipedia-tagline {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.3em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
padding-left: 4px;
margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tsikipedia-meta {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 8px;
margin-top: 12px;
}
.tsikipedia-pill {
font-size: 0.85em;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
border-radius: 20px;
padding: 3px 12px;
color: white;
display: inline-block;
border: none !important;
margin-top: 4px;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
min-width: 270px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-title {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.2em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 6px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid p {
display: contents;
}
.tsikipedia-cat {
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
padding: 8px 4px;
border-radius: 10px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.13);
border: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
.tsikipedia-cat:hover {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.28);
}
.tsikipedia-cat a {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
width: 100%;
}
.tsikipedia-cat a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-icon {
font-size: 1.6em;
line-height: 1;
display: block;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-label {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: white;
text-align: center;
line-height: 1.15;
display: block;
}
/****************************/
/*** CSS image ***/
/****************************/
.container {
position: relative;
width: 250px;
height: 400px;
}
.shade {
display: block;
position: relative;
width: 100px;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
border-top: 30px solid #2c3e50;
border-bottom: 30px solid transparent;
border-radius: 50%;
z-index: 40;
}
.top-light {
position: absolute;
height:0;
width:20px;
border-bottom:75px solid #f2ce3a;
border-right:15px solid #f2ce3a;
border-left:15px solid #f2ce3a;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
z-index: 10;
}
.pole {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 20px;
height: 320px;
background: #2c3e50;
}
.base {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 40px;
height: 20px;
background: #1a252f;
border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
}
.contain {
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background-color: #D2CBD5;
transition: color 0.3s, background-color 0.3s;
}
.lamp-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-end;
gap: 20px;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/****************************/
/*** MOBILE ***/
/****************************/
@media screen and (max-width: 560px) {
.tsipedia-header {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
min-width: unset;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
padding: 1rem 1.25rem 1.25rem;
}
.tsipedia-logo { font-size: 1.9em; }
.tsikipedia-tagline { font-size: 1.1em; }
}
/* =========================================
iPEDIA INFOBOX
========================================= */
/* ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
/* │ HEADER GOES HERE ← solid primary │
/* ├─────────────────────────────────┤
/* │ UPLOAD PHOTOGRAPH ← see Q26127718 │
/* ├──────────────┬──────────────────┤
/* │ label │ ← pale promary │
/* ├──────────────┬──────────────────┤
/* ├──────────────┼──────────────────┤
/* ├─────────────────────────────────┤
/* │ FOOTER GOES HERE │
/* └─────────────────────────────────┘
/* -----------------------------------------
Main infobox
----------------------------------------- */
.infobox {
float: right;
clear: right;
width: 22em;
max-width: 100%;
margin: 0.5em 0 1.25em 1.5em;
padding: 0;
border: 1px solid #d7dccf;
border-radius: 12px;
background: var(--primary-light);
color: #202122;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
overflow: hidden;
box-shadow:
0 2px 5px rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.05),
0 8px 20px rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.05);
}
/* -----------------------------------------
Infobox title
----------------------------------------- */
.infobox-above,
.infobox-title,
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.7em 0.9em;
background: var(--primary) !important;
color: #fff !important;
border: 0;
font-family:
Georgia,
"Times New Roman",
serif;
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.25;
text-align: center;
}
/* =========================================
IMAGE
========================================= */
.infobox-image {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: var(--surface);
}
.infobox-image img {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: auto;
max-height: 300px;
object-fit: cover;
}
/* =========================================
DATA
========================================= */
.infobox-data {
margin: 0;
}
.infobox-row {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 38% 62%;
margin: 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.infobox-row dt,
.infobox-row dd {
margin: 0;
padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
}
.infobox-row dt {
background: var(--surface);
color: var(--black);
font-weight: 600;
}
.infobox-row dd {
background: var(--white);
}
/* =========================================
SECTION
========================================= */
.infobox-section {
padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem;
background: var(--primary-light);
color: var(--primary-dark);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}
/* =========================================
PILLS
========================================= */
.infobox-pill {
display: inline-block;
margin: 2px 3px 2px 0;
padding: 2px 9px;
border-radius: 999px;
background: var(--primary-light);
color: var(--primary-dark);
font-size: 0.85em;
font-weight: 600;
line-height: 1.5;
}
/* =========================================
HIGHLIGHT
========================================= */
.infobox-highlight {
color: var(--primary-dark);
font-weight: 700;
}
/* =========================================
LINKS
========================================= */
.infobox a {
color: var(--primary-dark);
font-weight: 500;
text-decoration: none;
}
.infobox a:hover {
color: var(--primary);
text-decoration: underline;
}
/* =========================================
DESCRIPTION
========================================= */
.infobox-description {
margin: 0;
padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
background: var(--surface);
color: var(--muted);
font-size: 0.95em;
line-height: 1.55;
}
/* =========================================
FOOTER
========================================= */
.infobox-footer {
padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
background: var(--primary-light);
color: var(--muted);
font-size: 0.82em;
text-align: center;
}
/* =========================================
MOBILE
========================================= */
@media (max-width: 719px) {
.infobox {
float: none;
clear: both;
width: 100%;
margin: 1em 0;
}
}
/****************************/
/*** Ta Txikipedia ***/
/****************************/
jn1q42t28l0ggryf4nrmngb5x1himsx
42231
42229
2026-09-10T14:51:52Z
Derek J Moore
10629
added
42231
sanitized-css
text/css
/************************************************/
/*** TSikipedia ***/
/*** Heritage in Style ***/
/*┌──────────────────────────────────┬──────────┐*/
/*│ FIRST COLUMN │ SECOND │*/
/*│ flex: 1 │ COLUMN │*/
/*│ │ │*/
/*│ (Tab 1) (Tab 2) (Tab 3) │Badges │*/
/*└──────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘*/
.primary {color:#6F61D4;}
.secondary {color:white;}
/****************************/
/*** HEADER ***/
/****************************/
.tsipedia-header {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
background-color:#6F61D4;
border-radius: 12px;
overflow: hidden;
margin-top: -20px;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.tsipedia-header-left {
padding: 1.4rem 1.75rem;
color: white;
}
.tsipedia-logo {
color:#333333;font-size:4rem;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia, serif;font-variant:small-caps;line-height:100%; padding-top:4px;}
.tsiki-logo-lead { color: #fff; }
.tsiki-logo-end { color: #fff; }
.tsikipedia-tagline {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.3em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
padding-left: 4px;
margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tsikipedia-meta {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 8px;
margin-top: 12px;
}
.tsikipedia-pill {
font-size: 0.85em;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
border-radius: 20px;
padding: 3px 12px;
color: white;
display: inline-block;
border: none !important;
margin-top: 4px;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
min-width: 270px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-title {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1.2em;
color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 6px;
}
.tsikipedia-menu-grid p {
display: contents;
}
.tsikipedia-cat {
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
padding: 8px 4px;
border-radius: 10px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.13);
border: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
.tsikipedia-cat:hover {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.28);
}
.tsikipedia-cat a {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
width: 100%;
}
.tsikipedia-cat a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-icon {
font-size: 1.6em;
line-height: 1;
display: block;
}
.tsikipedia-cat-label {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: white;
text-align: center;
line-height: 1.15;
display: block;
}
/****************************/
/*** CSS image ***/
/****************************/
.container {
position: relative;
width: 250px;
height: 400px;
}
.shade {
display: block;
position: relative;
width: 100px;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
border-top: 30px solid #2c3e50;
border-bottom: 30px solid transparent;
border-radius: 50%;
z-index: 40;
}
.top-light {
position: absolute;
height:0;
width:20px;
border-bottom:75px solid #f2ce3a;
border-right:15px solid #f2ce3a;
border-left:15px solid #f2ce3a;
top: 10px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
z-index: 10;
}
.pole {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 20px;
height: 320px;
background: #2c3e50;
}
.base {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 40px;
height: 20px;
background: #1a252f;
border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
}
.contain {
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background-color: #D2CBD5;
transition: color 0.3s, background-color 0.3s;
}
.lamp-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-end;
gap: 20px;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/****************************/
/*** MOBILE ***/
/****************************/
@media screen and (max-width: 560px) {
.tsipedia-header {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.tsipedia-header-right {
min-width: unset;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
padding: 1rem 1.25rem 1.25rem;
}
.tsipedia-logo { font-size: 1.9em; }
.tsikipedia-tagline { font-size: 1.1em; }
}
/* =========================================
iPEDIA INFOBOX
========================================= */
/* ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
/* │ HEADER GOES HERE ← solid primary │
/* ├─────────────────────────────────┤
/* │ UPLOAD PHOTOGRAPH ← see Q26127718 │
/* ├──────────────┬──────────────────┤
/* │ label │ ← pale promary │
/* ├──────────────┬──────────────────┤
/* ├──────────────┼──────────────────┤
/* ├─────────────────────────────────┤
/* │ FOOTER GOES HERE │
/* └─────────────────────────────────┘
/* -----------------------------------------
Main infobox
----------------------------------------- */
.infobox {
float: right;
clear: right;
width: 22em;
max-width: 100%;
margin: 0.5em 0 1.25em 1.5em;
padding: 0;
border: 1px solid #d7dccf;
border-radius: 12px;
background: var(--primary-light);
color: #202122;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
overflow: hidden;
box-shadow:
0 2px 5px rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.05),
0 8px 20px rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.05);
}
/* -----------------------------------------
Infobox title
----------------------------------------- */
.infobox-above,
.infobox-title,
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.7em 0.9em;
background: var(--primary) !important;
color: #fff !important;
border: 0;
font-family:
Georgia,
"Times New Roman",
serif;
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.25;
text-align: center;
}
/* =========================================
IMAGE
========================================= */
.infobox-image {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: var(--surface);
}
.infobox-image img {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: auto;
max-height: 300px;
object-fit: cover;
}
/* =========================================
MOBILE
========================================= */
@media (max-width: 719px) {
.infobox {
float: none;
clear: both;
width: 100%;
margin: 1em 0;
}
}
qg2a5j8jjh7kgvlda38kwrhr12vjpf7
User:Derek J Moore
2
8044
42230
42223
2026-09-10T14:46:58Z
Derek J Moore
10629
42230
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Template:Tsipedia/styles.css" />
<div class="tsipedia-header">
<div class="tsipedia-header-left">
<div class="tsipedia-logo">
<span class="tsiki-logo-lead">Wikipediy</span><span class="tsiki-logo-end">A</span>
</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-tagline">
Encylopediya ya mahala
</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-meta">
<span class="tsikipedia-pill">📚 Encylopediya</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tsipedia-header-right">
<div class="tsikipedia-menu-title">Categories</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-menu-grid">
<div class="tsikipedia-cat">
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🎨</span>
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Culture</span>
</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-cat">
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🌱</span>
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Nature</span>
</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-cat">
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🔬</span>
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-label">Science</span>
</div>
<div class="tsikipedia-cat">
<span class="tsikipedia-cat-icon">🏛️</span>
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Chukele
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Ndzhaka23
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[[File:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb| Machukele (hi tlhelo ra wachi kusuka ehenhla-ximatsi): chukele ro basa leri antswisiweke, leri nga antswisiwangiki, ra buraweni, leri nga lulamisiwangiki ra chukele ra nhonga]]
'''Chukele''' i muxaka lowu nandzihaka wati khabohayidireti, leti n’okaka, leti taku tala ta tona ti tirhisiwaka eka swakudya. Chukele ro olova, leri nakambe ri vuriwaka ti-monosakharayidi, ri katsa (glucose, fructose na galactose) . Chukele leri hlanganisiweke, leri nakambe ri vuriwaka ti- dayisakharayidikumbe chukele leri phindhiweke kambirhi, i timolekhuli leti endliweke hi ti- monosakharayidi timbirhi leti hlanganisiweke ; swikombiso leswi tolovelekeke i sukurosi (glucose + fructose), lakithosi (glucose + galactose) na maltose (timolekhuli timbirhi ta glucose). Chukele ro basa ri lava ku va sukurosi yo basa. Hi nkarhi wa ku gayela, chukele leri hlanganisiweke ri olovisiweke/gayiweke kuva chukele ro olova.
Tinketani to leha ta ti sakharayidi ati tekiwi tani hi chukele, naswona ti vuriwa ti oligosakharayidi kumbe ti pholisakharayidi . Xitachi i pholima ya Glucose leyi kumekaka eka swimilani – xihlovo xotala swinene xa matimba eka swakudya leswi swi dyiwaka hi vanhu. Swilo swin’wana swa tikhemikhali, swofana na ethylene glycol, glycerol na sugar alcohols, swingava na nantswo wo tsokombela, kambe aswi hlayiwi tani hi chukele.
Chukele ri kumeka eka ti tissue ta swimilani swotala. Vulombe na mihandzu i swihlovo swotala swa ntumbuluko swa chukele ro olova. Sucrose yitala ngopfu eka [[Xikhovha xa chukele|chukele]] na sugar beet, leswi endlaka leswaku switirha kahle eka ku humesiwa ka mabindzu kuva swi endla chukele leri antswisiweke. Hi 2016 vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo lebyi hlanganisiweke bya swibyariwa sweswo swimbirhi a byi ri kwalomu ka tibiliyoni timbirhi ta tithani . Maltose yinga endliwa hiku malting mavele. Lactose hi yona ntsena chukele leri nga humesiwiki eka swimilana, tanihi leswi ri kumekaka ntsena eka masi, ku katsa ni masi ya mavele ya munhu, ni le ka swilo swin’wana leswi endliweke hi masi . Xihlovo xo chipa xa chukele i corn syrup, leyi endliwaka hi ti indasitiri hiku hundzula starch ya mavele kuva chukele, kufana na maltose, fructose na glucose.
Sucrose yitirhisiwa eka swakudya leswi lulamisiweke (xikombiso, ti cookies na makhekhe), yi cheriwa eka swakudya na swakunwa leswi xavisiwaka leswi lulamisiweke swinene, naswona yitirhisiwa tani hi sweetener eka swakudya (xikombiso, toast na cereal) na swakunwa (xikombiso, kofi na tiya). Emisaveni hinkwayo, hi xiringaniso, munhu u dya kwalomu ka {{Convert|24|kg}} ta chukele lembe na lembe. Vanhu va le Amerika N’walungu ni le Dzongeni va dya ku fika eka {{Convert|50|kg}}, naswona MaAfrika ma dya ehansi ka {{Convert|20|kg}} . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020–2029 – Sugar|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/Sugar.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417223937/http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/Sugar.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2021|accessdate=15 February 2021|website=|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref>{{Orexigenics}}
* {{Cite book |last=Barrett, Duncan |date=2012 |title=The Sugar Girls |title-link=The Sugar Girls |last2=Calvi, Nuala |publisher=Collins |isbn=978-0-00-744847-0}}
* Frankopan, Peter, ''The Silk Roads: A New History of the World'', 2016, Bloomsbury,
* {{Cite web|last=Saulo, Aurora A.|date=March 2005|title=Sugars and Sweeteners in Foods|url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/FST-16.pdf|publisher=[[College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources]]}}
* Strong, Roy (2002), ''Feast: A History of Grand Eating'', Jonathan Cape,
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Swihluvi swa mbulavulo
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Eka ririmi, '''xiphemu xa mbulavulo''' kumbe '''xiphemu-xa-mbulavulo''' ( lexi komisiweke tanihi '''POS''' kumbe '''PoS''', lexi tlhelaka xi tiviwa tanihi '''tlilasi ya marito''' <ref name="rijkhoff2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rijkhoff |first=Jan |year=2007 |title=Word Classes |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |publisher=Wiley |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=709–726 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00030.x |issn=1749-818X |s2cid=5404720}}</ref> kumbe '''xiyenge xa ririmi''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Payne |first=Thomas E. |date=1997 |title=Describing morphosyntax: a guide for field linguists |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780511805066 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> ) i xiyenge xa marito (kumbe, hi ku angarhela, ya swilo swa marito ) leswi nga na swihlawulekisi swa ririmi leswi fanaka. Marito lama averiweke eka xiphemu xin’we xa mbulavulo hi ntolovelo ya kombisa mahanyelo ya xivumbeko xo fana (ya tlanga swiphemu leswi fanaka endzeni ka xivumbeko xa ririmi ra swivulwa), mikarhi yin’wana mahanyelo ya xivumbeko lama fanaka ya hundza eka ku hundzuka ka swihlawulekisi leswi fanaka hambi ku ri mahanyelo ya nhlamuselo yo fana. Swiphemu swa mbulavulo [[Xinghezi|wa Xinghezi]] leswi xaxametiweke ngopfu i riviti, [[riendli]], rihlawuri ra riviti, rihlawuri ra riendli, risivi, vundhawu, rihlanganisi, rihlamari, nhlayo, na atikili.
Marito man’wana handle ka ''xiphemu xa mbulavulo'' —ngopfu-ngopfu eka ku hlawuriwa ka tindzimi ka manguva lawa, loku hakanyingi ku endlaka ku hambana loku kongomeke ku tlula xikimi xa ndhavuko—ma katsa '''ntlawa wa marito''', '''ntlawa wa lekizikali''' ni xiyenge xa '''marito''' . Vatsari van'wana va sivela rito ra ''xiyenge xa lekizikali'' ku kongomisa ntsena eka muxaka wo karhi wa xiyenge xa xivulwa ; eka vona rito leri ri susa swiphemu sweswo swa mbulavulo leswi tekiwaka tanihi marito ya ntirho, ku fana na maviti. '''Rito ra tlilasi ya''' xivumbeko na rona ra tirhisiwa, hambileswi leri ri nga na tinhlamuselo to hambana leti kanetanaka. Titlilasi ta marito ti nga ha hlayiwa tanihi leti pfulekeke kumbe leti pfalekeke : ''titlilasi leti pfulekeke'' (hi ntolovelo ti katsa maviti, maendli na mahlamari ya maviti) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa nkarhi hinkwawo, kasi ''titlilasi leti pfalekeke'' (ku fana na maviti na swihlanganisi) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa hi xiwelo, loko swi kuma ni ka ntsongo.
Kwalomu ka tindzimi hinkwato ti na titlilasi ta marito, riviti na riendli, kambe ku tlula leswi swimbirhi ku na ku hambana lokukulu exikarhi ka tindzimi to hambana hambana. <ref name="Krueger 2005 35">{{Cite book |last=Krueger |first=Paul |year=2005 |title=Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01653-7 |location=Cambridge |pages=35}}</ref> Xikombiso:
* Xijapani xi ni mintlawa yo ringana yinharhu ya swihlawulekisi, laha [[Xinghezi]] xi nga ni xin’we.
* Xichayina, Xikorea, Xijapani na Xivietnam swi na ntlawa wa swihlawulekisi swa mavito .
* Tindzimi to tala a ti hambanisi exikarhi ka mahlawuri ya maviti na mahlawuri ya maendli, kumbe exikarhi ka swihlawulekisi swa maviti na maendli (vona riendli ra xiyimo ).
== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
*
* [https://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/the-parts-of-speech The parts of speech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904171840/https://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/the-parts-of-speech |date=2019-09-04 }} Archived 2019-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
* {{Cite web|title=Guide to Grammar and Writing|url=http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111935/http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-date=9 October 2018}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912045001/http://email.eva.mpg.de/~haspelmt/2001wcl.pdf Martin Haspelmath. 2001. "Word Classes and Parts of Speech." In: Baltes, Paul B. & Smelser, Neil J. (eds.) ''International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences''. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 16538–16545.] (PDF)
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Ntswamba(Masi)
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[[File:Glass_of_Milk_(33657535532).jpg|thumb| Nghilazi ya masi [[Homu|ya homu]]]]
[[File:Melkkarussell.jpg|thumb| Tihomu eka ndhawu yo senga masi leyi rhendzelekaka]]
'''Masi''' hi ntolovelo i [[swakudya]] swo basa leswi khulukaku (swa nkhuluko) (kambe swinga va tinxaka ta muhlovo wa xitshopana, wa khirimi, wa pinki kumbe buraweni) leswi endliwaka hiswaku mamisa swa swihadyani leswi mamisaka leswi mamisaka . I xihlovo xosungula xa swakudya eka swihadyani leswi mamisaka leswintsongo loko swinga se kota ku gayela swakudya leswi tiyeke. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Winckel |first=M |last2=Velde |first2=SV |last3=De Bruyne |first3=R |last4=Van Biervliet |first4=S |date=2011 |title=Clinical Practice |journal=European Journal of Pediatrics |volume=170 |issue=12 |pages=1489–1494 |doi=10.1007/s00431-011-1547-x |issn=0340-6199 |pmid=21912895 |s2cid=26852044}}</ref> Masi ma endla swakudya swo tala, ku katsa ni calcium ni tiphrotheyini, swin’we ni lactose ni mafurha lama taleke ; <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2021|title=Milk|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/milk/|accessdate=17 April 2024|website=The Nutrition Source|publisher=Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|language=en-us}}</ref> enzyme ya lactase ya laveka ku hahlula lactose. Swiaki swa masocha ya miri ni swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri eka masi swi hoxa xandla eka masocha ya miri ya masi . Masi yosungula, lawa ya vuriwaka kholasitiramu, yana leswi lwisanaku na leswi swi lavaku ku lwisa masocha ya mirhu na swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri leswi tiyisaka masocha ya mirhi eka mavabyi yotala.
Tanihi xitirhisiwa xa vurimi, masi ya hlengeletiwa (tekiwa) ku suka eka swifuwo swale purasini, ngopfu ngopfu [[Homu|tihomu]], eka ndhawu ya ntswamba . Yi tirhisiwa hi vanhu tanihi swa kunwa na tanihi xiaki xa masungulo ya switirhisiwa swa masi . CDC ya le tiko malwandle ra Amerika yi kombisa leswaku vana lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 12 wa tin’hweti (malembe ya le hansi yo tshika ku nyika masi ya mavele kumbe fomula ) va fanele kuva vari ni swiphemu swimbirhi swa swilo leswi endliweke hi masi hi siku, <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Cow's Milk and Milk Alternatives |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |url-status=dead |journal=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313094327/https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/InfantandToddlerNutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |access-date=February 5, 2026}}</ref> naswona vanhu vo tlula ntsevu wa tibiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo va dya masi ni swilo leswi endliweke hi masi. <ref name="UNFAO-2010">{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Status and Prospects for Smallholder Milk Production: A Global Perspective |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |editor-last=Hemme |editor-first=T. |access-date=December 1, 2011 |editor-last2=Otte |editor-first2=J. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119183128/http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vuswikoti bya vanhu lavakulu byo gayela masi byi titshege hi ku phikelela ka lactase, hikwalaho vanhu lava nga tiyiseleliki lactose va ni xiphiqo xo gayela lactose.
Hi lembe ra 2011, mapurasi ya masi ya humelerile (endlile) kwalomu ka {{Convert|730|e6tonne|e6ST}} ta masi <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2012|title=Food Outlook{{nbsp}}– Global Market Analysis|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522161025/http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|archive-date=May 22, 2012|accessdate=August 1, 2012|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|pages=8, 51–54}}</ref> ku suka eka 260 wa timiliyoni ta tihomu ta masi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=January 14, 2014 |title=World Dairy Cow Numbers |url=http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323134129/http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-date=March 23, 2014 |access-date=March 23, 2014 |work=[FAO]}}</ref> [[Indiya|India]] i muendli lonkulu wa masi emisaveni hinkwayo naswona i muhumelerisi lonkulu wa masi wa mapa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Anand Kumar|date=October 21, 2013|title=India emerging as a leading milk product exporter|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630165048/http://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|archive-date=June 30, 2015|accessdate=June 3, 2015|website=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2014 |title=Government scraps incentive on milk powder exports to check prices |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630120625/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |access-date=June 3, 2015 |work=Times of India |department=Economic Times |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> New Zealand, Germany na Netherlands hi vona va xavisaka (posaku) ngopfu switirhisiwa swa masi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Milk Exporting Countries|url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721184728/http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|archive-date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=July 3, 2019}}</ref> Vanhu va le xikarhi ka 750 na 900 wa timiliyoni va tshama emindyangwini leyi humelerisaku masi. <ref name="UNFAO-2010" />{{Reflist}}
* Angier, Natalie, [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/10/19/not-milk-spoiled-anne-mendelson/ "A hi Masi?"] (ku tsarisa ka laveka ) . (nxopaxopo wa Anne Mendelson, ''Spoiled: Ntsheketo wa Masi tanihi Swakudya leswikulu'', Columbia University Press, 2023, 396 pp.), ''The New York Review of Books'', vol. LXX, no. 16 (19 Khotavuxika 2023), matl. 36, 38–39. "Ku dyiwa ka masi ya homu [ma-Amerika] ku [...] fikelele nhlohlorhi hi 1945, loko [va] nwa xiringaniso xa makume mune-ntlhanu wa tilitara ha un'we. Hi 2001 ku dyiwa ka masi ka tiko hi munhu un'we a ku tsemiwile hi le xikarhi, ku ya eka makume mbirhi-nharhu wa tilitara, naswona hi 2021 nhlayo yi hunguteke ku ya eka khume-nhungu wa tilitara ta masi ntsena hi munhu, kumbe." 5.6 ounces hi siku... Lava rhangelaka... drop-off i swirho swa Generation Z : vanhu lava velekiweke endzhaku ka 1996... Exikarhi ka eco -conscious, antipathy eka masi ya masi yikulu swinene lerova mavhengele man’wana ya kofi ya xiyimo xale henhla ya titwa yanga boheki ku ma nyikela nikatsongo." (tl. 36.) .
* Dillon, John J. ''Makume ya nkombo ya malembe ya masi,: Matimu ya bindzu ra masi ra le New York'' (1941) .
* Innis, Harold A. (1937) ku vula ka yena. [[iarchive:dairyindustryinc0000inni|''Vumaki bya Masi eCanada'']] .
* Kardashian, Kirk, na yena. ''Mali ya Masi: Mali, Tihomu, na Rifu ra Purasi ra Masi ra le Amerika'' (2012)
* Kurlansky, Mark, na yena. ''Masi: Matimu ya Malembe ya 10,000'' (2019); nakambe yi kandziyisiwe tanihi ''Milk!'' '': A Fracas ya Swakudya ya Malembe ya 10,000'' (2019) .
*
*
*
* Smith-Howard, Kendra, na yena. ''Masi Yo Basa Ni Ya Manguva Lawa: Matimu Ya Ntivo-mbango Ku Sukela Hi 1900'' . (Nkandziyiso wa Yunivhesiti ya Oxford; 2013).
* Valenze, Debora, na yena . ''Masi: Matimu ya Ndhawu na ya Misava Hinkwayo'' (Yale University Press, 2011) 368 pp.
* Wiley, Andrea, na yena. ''Ku ehleketa nakambe hi Masi: Mavonelo ya Ndhavuko na Ntivo-vutomi'' (Routledge, 2010) (Nxaxamelo wa Dyondzo na Dyondzo yo Tumbuluxa eka Anthropology)
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Template:Upload xifaniso
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Module:Clickable button
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Derek J Moore
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Created page with "-- This module implements {{clickable button 2}}. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink local p = {} function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) -- If first arg or a url is not provided, -- but we have a second arg, make a button. -- Otherwise, return nothing. args.originalInput = args[1] args[1] = delink({..."
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-- This module implements {{clickable button 2}}.
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink
local p = {}
function p.main(frame)
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local args = getArgs(frame)
return p._main(args)
end
function p._main(args)
-- If first arg or a url is not provided,
-- but we have a second arg, make a button.
-- Otherwise, return nothing.
args.originalInput = args[1]
args[1] = delink({args[1]})
if args[1] == "" then
args[1] = nil
end
if not args[1] and not args.url then
if args[2] then
p.nolink = true
else
return ''
end
end
local data = p.makeLinkData(args)
local link = p.renderLink(args.originalInput, data)
local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
return link .. trackingCategories
end
function p.makeLinkData(args)
local data = {}
-- Get the link and display values,
-- and find whether we are outputting
-- a wikilink or a URL.
if args.url then
data.isUrl = true
data.link = args.url
if args[1] then
data.display = args[1]
elseif args[2] then
data.display = args[2]
else
data.display = args.url
p.urlisdisplay = true
end
else
data.isUrl = false
p.urlisdisplay = false
data.link = args[1]
if args[2] then
data.display = args[2]
else
data.display = args[1]
end
if args[1] and args[1]:find('http') then
data.isUrl = true
end
end
if yesno(args.link) == false then
p.nolink = true
end
-- Colours
-- For the merge with {{clickable button}}
local colour = args.color and args.color:lower()
-- Classes
local class = args.class and args.class:lower()
data.classes = {}
if class == 'ui-button-green'
or class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'ui-button-red'
then
table.insert(
data.classes,
'submit ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all'
.. ' ui-button-text-only ui-button-text'
)
else
table.insert(data.classes, 'mw-ui-button')
end
--If class is unset,
--then let color determine class
if not class then
if colour == 'blue' then
class = 'mw-ui-progressive'
elseif colour == 'red' then
class = 'mw-ui-destructive'
elseif colour == 'green' then
class = 'mw-ui-constructive'
end
end
if class then
table.insert(data.classes, class)
end
-- Styles
do
--[[
-- Check whether we are on the same page as we have specified in
-- args[1], but not if we are using a URL link, as then args[1] is only
-- a display value. If we are currently on the page specified in
-- args[1] make the button colour darker so that it stands out from
-- other buttons on the page.
--]]
local success, linkTitle, currentTitle
if not data.isUrl then
currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
success, linkTitle = pcall(mw.title.new, args[1])
elseif p.urlisdisplay then
currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
end
if success
and linkTitle
and mw.title.equals(currentTitle, linkTitle)
and not p.urlisdisplay
then
if class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'mw-ui-progressive'
or class == 'mw-ui-constructive'
then
data.backgroundColor = '#2962CB'
data.color = '#fff'
elseif class == 'ui-button-green' then
data.backgroundColor = '#008B6D'
elseif class == 'ui-button-red' or class == 'mw-ui-destructive' then
data.backgroundColor = '#A6170F'
else
data.backgroundColor = '#CCC'
data.color = '#666'
end
elseif p.urlisdisplay then
data.dummyLink = tostring(currentTitle)
end
-- Add user-specified styles.
data.style = args.style
end
return data
end
function p.renderLink(originalInput, data)
-- Render the display span tag.
local display
do
local displaySpan = mw.html.create('span')
for i, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do
displaySpan:addClass(class)
end
displaySpan
:css{
['background-color'] = data.backgroundColor,
color = data.color
}
if data.style then
displaySpan:cssText(data.style)
end
displaySpan:wikitext(data.display)
display = tostring(displaySpan)
end
-- Render the link
local link
if originalInput and originalInput:find('|') then
link = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', delink({originalInput, wikilinks = 'target'}), display)
elseif p.nolink then
if p.urlisdisplay then
link = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', data.dummyLink, display)
else
link = string.format('%s', display)
end
else
if data.isUrl then
link = string.format('[%s %s]', data.link, display)
else
link = string.format('[[%s |%s]]', data.link, display)
end
end
return string.format('<span class="plainlinks clickbutton">%s</span>', link)
end
function p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
if yesno(args.category) == false then
return ''
end
local class = args.class and args.class:lower()
if class == 'ui-button-green'
or class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'ui-button-red'
then
return '[[Category:Pages using old style ui-button-color]]'
else
return ''
end
end
return p
2y4zqg2drz0jqpm59tyakc7koi33ehg
Template:Clickable button
10
8067
42234
2026-09-10T18:57:43Z
Derek J Moore
10629
Created page with "{{#invoke:Clickable button|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude>"
42234
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{#invoke:Clickable button|main}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}
<!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. -->
</noinclude>
p9tti49lmjq7ifp2faksbrk6uifwc4d
NSFAS
0
8069
42239
2026-09-11T02:34:43Z
Nayitisam
12493
Created page with "[[File:Atm drawing money (2).png|left|thumb|550x550px]] '''National [[Student]] Financial Aid Scheme''' (NSFAS) ku kongomisiwa eka rixaka ra xikimi xa mpfuneto wa swa timali wa machudeni, I basari leyi heleleke. Ahi xikweleti awu hakeli loko u fikelela swilaveko swa dyondzo. Eka lembe ra 2026 va pasisile ku nyikiwa mali ya 692,702 wa swichudeni leswi sungulaka na 550,959 wa swichudeni leswi yisaka emahlweni tidyondzo, naswona va humese mali yo tlula 6.3 biliyoni wati rha..."
42239
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[File:Atm drawing money (2).png|left|thumb|550x550px]]
'''National [[Student]] Financial Aid Scheme''' (NSFAS) ku kongomisiwa eka rixaka ra xikimi xa mpfuneto wa swa timali wa machudeni, I basari leyi heleleke. Ahi xikweleti awu hakeli loko u fikelela swilaveko swa dyondzo. Eka lembe ra 2026 va pasisile ku nyikiwa mali ya 692,702 wa swichudeni leswi sungulaka na 550,959 wa swichudeni leswi yisaka emahlweni tidyondzo, naswona va humese mali yo tlula 6.3 biliyoni wati rhandi eka tiyunivhesiti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-10 |title=The Mail & Guardian {{!}} Africa's Better Future |url=https://mg.co.za/ |access-date=2026-09-11 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Leswi swi hlanganisaka mali yo tsarisa, mali ya tidyondzo, swipfuno, vutshamo byale yunivhesiti, mali ya swakudya na mali yaku xava tibuku. U fanele kuva muakatiko wa AfrikaDzonga kuta kota ku pfuniwa hi NSFAS. Machudeni ya fanele kuva va nghena xikolo eka [[yunivhesithi]] ya mfumo kumbe kholichi ya mfumo ya TVET tikholichi ta phurayivhete ati seketeriwi hi timali.
Awu fanelanga ku endla xikombelo xa basari leyi loko u ngari muakatiko,loko u hetile tidyondzo to sungula, Xikombiso basari leyi yi pfuneta munhu ntsena loko a endla tidyondzo ta yena to sungula handleka advance,postgraduate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-19 |title=NSFAS Login 2027: MyNSFAS Login With ID Number In South Africa |url=https://nsfaslogin.org.za/ |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
<references />
[[Category:Tinhlayo]]
kvl32nqzjasg9qckuatc354cwrryj9f