Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4585 42378 42024 2026-09-19T14:00:36Z Mgingiriko 12521 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373528157|Water]]" 42378 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mati''' i nkatsakanyo lowu nga riki wa ntumbuluko lowu nga ni fomula ya tikhemikhali .I xiaki xa tikhemikhali lexi vonakaka, lexi nga nandzihiki, lexi nga nun’hweriki, [ c ] naswona xi nga kwalomu ka muvala . I xiaki lexikulu xa swinambyana [[Misava|swa misava]], mativa ni [[Lwandle|malwandle]] . Mati nakambe i mati ya swivumbiwa hinkwaswo leswi hanyaka leswi tivekaka, laha ma tirhaka tanihi xitofu . Mati, tanihi leswi yanga molekhuli ya vupolariti, ya hundza eka ku hlanganisiwa ka hydrogen hi le xikarhi ka timolekhuli yo tiya leswinga hoxa xandla swinene eka swivumbeko swa wona swa xiviri na ti khemikhali. <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2019|title=Water Q&A: Why is water the "universal solvent"?|url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-qa-why-water-universal-solvent?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206061114/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-qa-why-water-universal-solvent?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects|archive-date=6 February 2021|accessdate=15 January 2021|website=Water Science School|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]], [[U.S. Department of the Interior]]}}</ref> I swa nkoka eka swivumbeko hinkwaswo leswi tiviwaka swa vutomi, hambileswi yi nga nyikiki matimba ya swakudya kumbe ku va swakudya swa nkoka swa organic leswi lavekaka hi ntsongo . Hikwalaho ka vukona bya yona eka swivumbiwa hinkwaswo, ku tshamiseka ka yona ka tikhemikhali, ku tala ka yona emisaveni hinkwayo, na vupolariti ya yona yo tiya loko yi pimanisiwa na vukulu bya yona lebyintsongo bya ti molekhuli, mati ya tala ku vuriwa "universal solvent". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-09|title=4.1: Water, the Universal Solvent|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Santa_Cruz/UCSC%3A_Chem_1B-AL_(Mednick)/Map%3A_Chemistry_(Zumdahl_and_Decoste)/Map%3A_Chemistry_(Zumdahl_and_Decoste)/04%3A_Types_of_Chemical_Reactions_and_Solution_Stoichiometry/4.01_Water%2C_the_Universal_Solvent|accessdate=2026-01-14|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> [[Category:Mati]] j44g7e07g5fv8a1zrxcx3qkfjzhg351 0 4825 42399 42103 2026-09-20T03:57:57Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 42399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matsalwa''' i nhlengeleto wihi na wihi wa ntirho lowu tsariweke. Rito leri ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo koma swinene eka matsalwa lama tekiwaka tanihi [[Vuqambhi|vutshila]], ngopfu-ngopfu tinovhele, mintlangu, na [[VUTLHOKOVETSERI|switlhokovetselo]]. <ref name="OD">{{Cite web|title=Literature: definition|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/literature|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610161527/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/literature|archive-date=10 June 2021|accessdate=24 July 2020|publisher=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries}}</ref> Yi katsa ku tsala loku kandziyisiweke na ka xidijitali. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Rettberg |first=Scott |date=2019 |title=Electronic literature |url=https://archive.org/details/electroniclitera0000rett |publisher=Polity press |isbn=978-1-5095-1677-3 |location=Cambridge, UK Medford, MA}}</ref> Eka malembe-xidzana ya sweswinyana, nhlamuselo leyi yi andzile yi katsa tibuku ta nomu, leti vunyingi bya tona ti nga tsariwa kunene. [ 3]. Matsalwa i ndlela yo rhekhoda, ku hlayisa ni ku hundzisela [[vutivi]] ni vuhungasi. Na kambe yi nga va ni xiphemu xa ntshamisano, xa mianakanyo, xa moya kumbe xa tipolitiki. Tinhlamuselo ta matsalwa ti hambanile hi ku famba ka minkarhi. Le Yuropo Vupela-dyambu, emahlweni ka malembe-xidzana ya vu-18, tibuku a ti kombisa tibuku hinkwato ni matsalwa. Swi nga voniwa tanihi ku tlhelela eka miehleketo ya khale, leyi katsaka hinkwavo, leswaku tidyondzo ta ndhavuko, hi xikombiso, ti katsa, ku engetela eka mintirho ya canonical, tinxaka leti dumeke na letitsongo. Rito leri ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka matsalwa lama nga tsariwangiki: eka " matsalwa ya nomu " na "matsalwa ya ndhavuko [[Matimu yo sungula|wa le mahlweni ka ku tsala]] ".{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=April 2024}} [[Category:Vutsari]] ggju7oo94rkitihhnaxuk6emebnl0zm 0 7047 42395 38021 2026-09-20T01:04:26Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42395 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Yunivhesiti ya Venda''' ( '''Univen''' ; Venda </link> , Afrikaans </link> ) i xivandla xa dyondzo xa nhlanganelo xa Afrika-Dzonga lexi nga endhawini ya le makaya, lexi kumekaka eThohoyandou eXifundzeninkulu xa Limpopo. <ref>{{Cite book|first1=481}}</ref> Yi simekiwile hi 1981 ehansi ka khale ka mfumo wa Riphabliki ra Venda. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-04-11 |archive-date=2024-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070237/https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>   58l5dsu1c1becxh3asz1i0v40tllf07 0 7221 42377 39708 2026-09-19T13:40:45Z Mgingiriko 12521 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375105737|Zebra]]" 42377 wikitext text/x-wiki Timangwa ngopfu-ngopfu i swifuwo naswona ti nga hanya hi swimilana swa xiyimo xa le hansi . Ti dlayiwa ngopfu hi [[Nghala|tinghala]], naswona hi ntolovelo ti baleka loko ti xungetiwa kambe ti tlhela ti luma ni ku raha. Tinxaka ta timangwa ti hambana hi mahanyelo ya ntshamisano, laha timangwa ta le mativa na ta le tintshaveni ti tshamaka eka tiharems leti tiyeke leti vumbiwaka hi ya xinuna leyikulu kumbe stallion, ta xisati to hlayanyana letikulu kumbe timares, na vana va tona kumbe swimbutana swa tona ; kasi timangwa ta Grévy ti tshama ti ri toxe kumbe eka mintlhambi leyi nga tolovelekangiki. Eka tinxaka leti khomaka tiharem, ta xisati letikulu ti hlangana ntsena na tiharem stallion ta tona, kasi timangwa ta xinuna ta Grévy ti simeka tindzhawu leti kokaka ta xisati naswona muxaka lowu wuva na vudlakuta . Timangwa ti vulavurisana hi marito yohambana hambana, ku yima ka miri na swivumbeko swa xikandza. Ku lunghisa ka ntshamisano ku tiyisa vuxaka bya ntshamisano eka mativa na timangwa ta le tintshaveni. rs4glapj8qewfuygqurjcvkfhj25rnb 2 7612 42390 42143 2026-09-20T00:55:22Z NwaMasingita 12492 i added a draft 42390 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i NwaMasingita [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft3]] [[Draft 4]] kash1d9sxb1vh36hbs4psjm7g4asyxo 42391 42390 2026-09-20T00:57:13Z NwaMasingita 12492 i added a draft 42391 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i NwaMasingita [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft3]] [[Draft4]] onx1axby4nn0d2a28qqff3ipm6pi2lx 42394 42391 2026-09-20T01:04:03Z NwaMasingita 12492 42394 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i NwaMasingita [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:NwaMasingita/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft3]] spfptdavwip3sjd6pgyx9q5jyo80ocn 0 7682 42379 40576 2026-09-19T14:09:56Z Mgingiriko 12521 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375501966|Clay]]" 42379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vumba''' i muxaka wa swilo swa misava swa ntumbuluko leswi nga na mavele lamanene leswi nga na timinerali ta vumba [ 1 ] (Ti-phyllosilicate ta aluminium leti nga ni mati, xikombiso kaolinayiti, .  ). Vunyingi bya timinerali ta vumba lebyi tengeke tina muhlovo wo basa kumbe wo dzwihala, kambe vumba bya ntumbuluko byi kombisa mihlovo yohambana hambana kusuka eka thyaka, kufana na muhlovo wotshuka kumbe wa buraweni kusuka eka nhlayo leyintsongo ya nsimbi ya oksayidi . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . 86c2ll0nuqan5py6whn2i59thcj3uog 0 7793 42376 41137 2026-09-19T12:54:10Z Mgingiriko 12521 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375662149|Wind]]" 42376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cherry_tree_moving_in_the_wind_1.gif|thumb| Murhi wa cherry lowu fambafambaka na moya lowu hungaka kwalomu ka 22 m/sec (kwalomu ka 79 km/h kumbe 49 mph)]] [[File:Wind_in_Swedish_pine_forest_at_25_mps.ogg|thumb| Mpfumawulo wa moya lowu hungasaka ekhwatini ra miphayini hi kwalomu ka 25 m/sec, na ku cinca ka ku hunga ka moya ka xinkarhana.]] '''Moya''' i ku famba ka ntumbuluko ka moya kumbe tigasi tin'wana loko ti pimanisiwa na vuandlalo bya pulanete. Mimoya yi humelela hi tindlela to hambana-hambana, ku suka eka [[Xidzedze xa ku dzindza ka tilo|ku dzindza ka]] tiko loku tekaka makume ya timinete, ku ya eka moya wa le ndhawini leyi vangiwaka hi ku kufumeta [[misava]] naswona wu teka tiawara ti nga ri tingani, ku ya fika eka timheho ta misava hinkwayo leti vangiwaka hi ku hambana ka ku tswongiwa ka matimba ya dyambu exikarhi ka tindhawu ta maxelo emisaveni. Dyondzo ya moya yi tiviwa tanihi dyondo leyi lavisisaka moya. ps97v92f6srmth3mu8p9s0mzl97vmi0 0 7810 42387 41176 2026-09-19T23:47:17Z 2003 LN6 12988 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Igor Julia sept 15 2010 1145Z.jpg]] → [[File:Igor and Julia 2010-09-15 1145Z.jpg]] Criterion 4 - conforms to other similar files' formats for storm images 42387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Igor and Julia 2010-09-15 1145Z.jpg|thumb|xXifaniso xa xidzedze]] '''Xidzedze''' i mheho ya matimba leyi vumbiwaka ehenhla ka mati yo kufumela elwandle naswona yi tisa mpfula yo tala ni xidzedze xa tilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hurricane|url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hurricane|website=education.nationalgeographic.org|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}</ref> Xidzedze xi vumbiwa loko swilo swa maxelo swi hlangana ehenhla ka mati yo kufumela elwandle etindhawini ta tropiki. Mati ma fanele ma va kwalomu ka 26–27°C kumbe ku tlula. Mati lawa ma nyika xidzedze matimba. Moya wu tlakuka wu suka elwandle. Loko wu hola, wu vumba mapapa ni mpfula. Loko moya wu tlakuka, ku sala ndhawu leyi nga ni ntshikelelo wa le hansi. Leswi swi endla leswaku mheho yi hunguta hi matimba. Ku rhendzeleka ka misava ku endla leswaku xidzedze xi rhendzeleka. Loko mheho ya le henhla yi ri na matimba ngopfu, yi nga hahlula xidzedze. Loko yi nga ri na matimba ngopfu, xidzedze xi kota ku kula.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hurricane Facts|url=https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/tropical_stuff/hurricane_anatomy/hurricane_anatomy.html|website=www.weather.gov|access-date=2026-02-28}}</ref> Mpfula yo tala yi nga endla leswaku milambu yi tala. Mati ya lwandle ma nga tlakuka ma nghena etindhawini ta le kusuhi ni lwandle. Tiyindlu, swikolo ni magondzo swi nga funengetiwa hi mati. Mheho leyikulu yi nga onha tiyindlu, yi susa marhangu ya le henhla ni ku wisa mirhi ni tipholo ta gezi. Vanhu va nga vaviseka hi mirhi leyi wisiwaka kumbe swilo leswi hahaka hi mheho. Van’wana va nga lahlekeriwa hi vutomi. Miako, mimovha, tiburichi ni masimu swi nga onhaka swinene kumbe ku herisiwa. Gezi ni mati yo nwa swi nga yima ku tirha ku ringana masiku kumbe mavhiki. Mabindzu ma nga pfala, vutleketli byi nga yima, naswona ku lulamisa ku onhaka swi lava mali yo tala. Misava yi nga hlakuriwa hi mati, mati ma nga thyakisa, naswona swiharhi swi nga lahlekeriwa hi tindhawu ta swona ta ku tshama.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ocean Learning Hub - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|url=https://www.whoi.edu/ocean-learning-hub/|website=https://www.whoi.edu/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Xidzedze a xi nge siveriwi, kambe switandzhaku swa yona swi nga hungutiwa hi ku lulamisela ni ku teka magoza ya vuhlayiseki.Yingisa radio, TV kumbe switiviso swa ximfumo.Landzela swileriso swa ku rhurha loko swi nyikeriwa. Hlayisa mati yo nwa lama tengaka.Veka swakudya leswi nga onhakiki hi ku hatlisa.Va ni xitirhisiwa xa first aid.Hlayisa tibetiri, tochi ni maphepha ya nkoka endhawini. Lunghisa ni ku tiyisa marhangu ya le henhla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How climate change makes hurricanes more destructive {{!}} EDF|url=https://www.edf.org/climate/how-climate-change-makes-hurricanes-more-destructive|website=www.edf.org|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> l1vousgo5s7i8laddz4eb99y1atdtqa 0 8049 42388 42185 2026-09-20T00:08:29Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GASKOP''' Gaskop i ndhawu leyi ngale mpumalanga leyi tivekaka kuri ndhawu leyi vanhu vayaka vaya hungusa eka yona himinkarhi ya vona yati holidayi.Minkarhi yinwana va tala ku yisa vana eswikolweni tanihi riendzo dyondzo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Panoramic Views, Unforgettable Thrills: Graskop Gorge Lift|url=https://www.graskopgorgeliftcompany.co.za/|accessdate=2026-09-08|website=www.graskopgorgeliftcompany.co.za|language=en}}</ref> Ndhawu leyi i xidorobana lexitsongo exifundzeninkulu xa Mpumalanga,eAfrika-Dzonga. Yi simekiwile hiva 1880s tani hi kampa ya migodi ya nsuku kambe sweswi yitirha tanihi ndhawu ya vumpfumba xikanwe na bindzu ra tihunyi."Gods window",xivono xo saseka kusuka eka escarpment ya lowveld laha hansi , yi kumeka ehandle ka doroba.Gaskop yi le kule hi 14 km north of sabie. Vito leri xa "Gaskop" i xi afrikaans lexi vulaka xitsungu xa byanyi. i ndhawu ya kahle swinene yo languta <ref>{{Cite web|title=CLIFF WALK - GRASKOP|url=https://www.tours-tickets.co.za/product/cliff-walk-graskop/|accessdate=2026-09-08|website=Tours and Tickets SA|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2025-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012052815/https://www.tours-tickets.co.za/product/cliff-walk-graskop/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>"Edge of lowveld" laha kungana ku hunguteka ka xitshuketav ka 700 wa timitara.Eka minkarhi ya sweswi Gaskop ayaha tirhisiwi tanihi hi doroba ra migodi, i doroba ra vaendzi naswona rivuriwa nyangwa wa Panorama Route . Vanhu votala va endzela Graskop kuya vona tumbuluko. Unga sunguna hi Gods window,laha u vonaka lowveld yiwela ehansi 700 wa timitara , kutani u endzela maboboma yo sasela yofana na Liabon Falls, Berlin falls na Mac Mac falls.Nchumu lowunkulu lowu kokaka rinoko edorobeni i Gaskop Gorge Lift 51 wa timitara ehansi ka ribye kuya e khwatini ro kufumela. Ehansi kuna tindlela to famba hi mapulanga na mabuloho yo hayeka laha unga fambaka kona naku dyondza hi mirhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Graskop: Panorama, Mpumalanga, South Africa|url=https://www.graskop.co.za/|accessdate=2026-09-08|website=www.graskop.co.za}}</ref> <references /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Entrance Fee & Activity Rates of Graskop Gorge Lift|url=https://www.graskopgorgeliftcompany.co.za/rates.html|accessdate=2026-09-08|website=www.graskopgorgeliftcompany.co.za}}</ref> e431584srfk4tpjdhrywiyag102cqwh 0 8051 42396 42187 2026-09-20T03:49:38Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 42396 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[File:LTZ1328-19-20241030-160332.jpg|thumb| Bazi lerintshwa ra Routemaster ra swithezi swimbirhi eLondon, United Kingdom]] [[File:(SGP-Singapore)_SBS_Transit_SG3042Y_298_2024-12-23.jpg|thumb| Bazi ra Volvo B5LH ra xiteji xin’we [[Singapore|eSingapore]]]] [[File:BRT2101_at_Balou_(20230921084843).jpg|thumb| Jaha leri vulavulaka hi bazi eÜrümqi, eChayina]] [[File:Toronto_Flyer_E700A_trolleybus_in_1987.jpg|thumb| Bazi lerintshwa ra Flyer trolleybus eToronto, Canada]] '''Bazi''' (ri endliwile kontiraka ku suka eka '<nowiki/>'''''omnibus''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>''' na swihlawulekisi bazi ro tala, bazi ra timovha, bazi ra movha na manwana) i nchumu lowu rhwalelaka vakhandziyi vo tala swinene ku tlula movha kumbe vheni ya xikarhi, kambe vatsongo ku tlula vutleketli bya xiporo bya xikarhi. Yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka vutleketli bya mani na mani, kambe yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka swikongomelo swa 'charter', kumbe hiku tirhisa vun’wini bya munhu hi xiyexe. Hambileswi mabazi hi ntolovelo ma rhwalaka vakhandziyi va le xikarhi ka 30 na 100, mabazi man’wana ma rhwala vakhandziyi vo ringana 300.Muxaka lowu tolovelekeke swinene i bazi ra 'single-deck' 'rigid' leri nga na mabazi ya 'double-decker' na 'articulated' lawa ya rhwalelaka ndzhwalo lowukulu, na bazi leri ntsongo nyana na ti bazi leri ntsongo lama rhwalelaka ndzhwalo lowuntsongo.Swigolonyana swi tirhisiwa eka vukorhokeri bya mpfhuka wo leha.Tinxaka to tala ta mabazi to tani hi mabazi mo hundzisela male madorobeni ni ya swigolonyana swale xikarhi ka madoroba ya hakela mali yo khandziya. Tinxaka tin’wana to fana na mabazi ya xikolo xa le hansi kumbe xa le henhla kumbe mabazi yo rhwala vanhu endzeni ka khamphasi ya dyondzo ya le ndzhaku ka sekondari i mahala.Eka matiko mo talavachayeri va mabazi va lava layisense yo hlawuleka ya movha leyikulu leyi tlulaka layisense ya ntolovelo yo chayela. Mabazi ma tirhisiwa eka vutleketli bya mabazi lebyi hleriweke, vutleketli bya swigolonyana lebyi hleriweke, vutleketli bya xikolo, ku hirha ka phurayivhete kumbe vupfhumba. Mabazi mo tlakusa ma tirhisiwa eka matshalatshala ya tipolitiki naswona man’wana ya fambisiwa hi phurayivhete hi swikongomelo swo hambana ku katsa na timovha ta maendzo ya ntlawa wa ''<nowiki/>'rock''<nowiki/>' na '''pop''<nowiki/>'. [[File:(JPN-Fukuoka)_Nishitetsu_Bus_7923_福岡200か3087_50_2024-11-14.jpg|thumb| Bazi ra mani na mani ra Nishitetsu eFukuoka, Japani]] [[File:Foxity_à_Louvre-Rivoli_par_Cramos_(cropped).JPG|right|thumb| Bazi ra vaendzi leri tirhisiwaka eFurwa (2015)]] [[File:Bustech_VST.jpg|thumb| Xihahampfhuka xa Tisisiteme ta Vutleketli xa Scania K280UB eWestfield Miranda]] [[File:HCS_bus49.JPG|thumb| Bazi ra xikolo xa le United States (2007 IC CE) .]] [[File:School_buses_in_Sydney,_NSW.png|thumb| Mabazi ya swikolo lama fambisiwaka hi U-go Mobility eSydney, NSW]] [[File:BCI_bodied_Mercedes-Benz_OC_500_RF_BusWest_01.jpg|right|thumb| Xikombiso xa bazi ra phurayivhete leri tirhaka eka BusWest ePerth (2018) .]] [[File:AVBWU237_KMB_641_14-09-2018.jpg|thumb| Xinavetiso xa bazi eHong Kong (2018)]] [[File:CamelitoLaHavane_01.jpg|right|thumb| Bazi ra kharavhani eHavana (2006) .]] <references> <ref name="Ward1974">{{Citation |last=Ward |first=Ian |title=The World of Automobiles: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Motor Car |volume=15 |page=1773 |year=1974 |publisher=Orbis}}</ref> <ref name="Eckermann2001">{{Citation |last=Eckermann |first=Erik |title=World History of the Automobile |pages=67–68 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLZeQwqNmdgC&pg=PA687 |access-date=6 October 2013 |publisher=SAE |isbn=9780768008005}}</ref> </references> == Nxaxamelo wa tibuku == * {{Cite book |last=Combeau |first=Yvan |year=2013 |title=Histoire de Paris |url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredeparis0000comb |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France |isbn=978-2-13-060852-3 |location=Paris |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Fierro |first=Alfred |year=1996 |title=Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris |url=https://archive.org/details/histoireetdictio0000fier |publisher=Robert Laffont |isbn=2-221-07862-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Héron de Villefosse |first=René |year=1959 |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset}} 72p6ojp2leqalhb3m3f6qldzar4d4xv 0 8063 42400 42237 2026-09-20T03:59:53Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 42400 wikitext text/x-wiki Eka ririmi, '''xiphemu xa mbulavulo''' kumbe '''xiphemu-xa-mbulavulo''' ( lexi komisiweke tanihi '''POS''' kumbe '''PoS''', lexi tlhelaka xi tiviwa tanihi '''tlilasi ya marito''' <ref name="rijkhoff2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rijkhoff |first=Jan |year=2007 |title=Word Classes |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |publisher=Wiley |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=709–726 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00030.x |issn=1749-818X |s2cid=5404720}}</ref> kumbe '''xiyenge xa ririmi''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Payne |first=Thomas E. |date=1997 |title=Describing morphosyntax: a guide for field linguists |url=https://archive.org/details/describingmorpho0000payn |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780511805066 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> ) i xiyenge xa marito (kumbe, hi ku angarhela, ya swilo swa marito ) leswi nga na swihlawulekisi swa ririmi leswi fanaka. Marito lama averiweke eka xiphemu xin’we xa mbulavulo hi ntolovelo ya kombisa mahanyelo ya xivumbeko xo fana (ya tlanga swiphemu leswi fanaka endzeni ka xivumbeko xa ririmi ra swivulwa), mikarhi yin’wana mahanyelo ya xivumbeko lama fanaka ya hundza eka ku hundzuka ka swihlawulekisi leswi fanaka hambi ku ri mahanyelo ya nhlamuselo yo fana. Swiphemu swa mbulavulo [[Xinghezi|wa Xinghezi]] leswi xaxametiweke ngopfu i riviti, [[riendli]], rihlawuri ra riviti, rihlawuri ra riendli, risivi, vundhawu, rihlanganisi, rihlamari, nhlayo, na atikili. Marito man’wana handle ka ''xiphemu xa mbulavulo'' —ngopfu-ngopfu eka ku hlawuriwa ka tindzimi ka manguva lawa, loku hakanyingi ku endlaka ku hambana loku kongomeke ku tlula xikimi xa ndhavuko—ma katsa '''ntlawa wa marito''', '''ntlawa wa lekizikali''' ni xiyenge xa '''marito''' . Vatsari van'wana va sivela rito ra ''xiyenge xa lekizikali'' ku kongomisa ntsena eka muxaka wo karhi wa xiyenge xa xivulwa ; eka vona rito leri ri susa swiphemu sweswo swa mbulavulo leswi tekiwaka tanihi marito ya ntirho, ku fana na maviti. '''Rito ra tlilasi ya''' xivumbeko na rona ra tirhisiwa, hambileswi leri ri nga na tinhlamuselo to hambana leti kanetanaka. Titlilasi ta marito ti nga ha hlayiwa tanihi leti pfulekeke kumbe leti pfalekeke : ''titlilasi leti pfulekeke'' (hi ntolovelo ti katsa maviti, maendli na mahlamari ya maviti) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa nkarhi hinkwawo, kasi ''titlilasi leti pfalekeke'' (ku fana na maviti na swihlanganisi) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa hi xiwelo, loko swi kuma ni ka ntsongo. Kwalomu ka tindzimi hinkwato ti na titlilasi ta marito, riviti na riendli, kambe ku tlula leswi swimbirhi ku na ku hambana lokukulu exikarhi ka tindzimi to hambana hambana. <ref name="Krueger 2005 35">{{Cite book |last=Krueger |first=Paul |year=2005 |title=Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01653-7 |location=Cambridge |pages=35}}</ref> Xikombiso: * Xijapani xi ni mintlawa yo ringana yinharhu ya swihlawulekisi, laha [[Xinghezi]] xi nga ni xin’we. * Xichayina, Xikorea, Xijapani na Xivietnam swi na ntlawa wa swihlawulekisi swa mavito . * Tindzimi to tala a ti hambanisi exikarhi ka mahlawuri ya maviti na mahlawuri ya maendli, kumbe exikarhi ka swihlawulekisi swa maviti na maendli (vona riendli ra xiyimo ). == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == *   * [https://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/the-parts-of-speech The parts of speech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904171840/https://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/the-parts-of-speech |date=2019-09-04 }} Archived 2019-09-04 at the Wayback Machine * {{Cite web|title=Guide to Grammar and Writing|url=http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111935/http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-date=9 October 2018}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912045001/http://email.eva.mpg.de/~haspelmt/2001wcl.pdf Martin Haspelmath. 2001. "Word Classes and Parts of Speech." In: Baltes, Paul B. & Smelser, Neil J. (eds.) ''International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences''. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 16538–16545.] (PDF) 9whwowze989xhsgkl342633m7nontdt 0 8078 42397 42260 2026-09-20T03:53:50Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 42397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rihlawuri'''(ri komisiwe tanihi ADJ ) i rito leri hlamuselaka kumbe ku hlamusela riviti kumbe xivulwa xa maviti. Ntirho wa yona wa nhlamuselo i ku cinca mahungu lama nyikiwaka hi riviti. Xihlawulekisi lexi xi tekiwa tanihi xin’wana xa [[Swihluvi swa mbulavulo|swiphemu leswikulu swa mbulavulo]] wa ririmi ra Xinghezi, hambileswi hi matimu a swi hlayiwa swin’we ni maviti. Sweswi, marito yo karhi lawa hi ntolovelo a ma hlayiwa tanihi mahlawuri, ku katsa na, leswi, swa mina, na swin’wana, hi ntolovelo ma hlayiwa hi ku hambana, tanihi ⁣⁣swihlawulekisi⁣⁣. [1] Sweswi, marito yo karhi lawa hi ntolovelo a ma hlayiwa tanihi mahlawuri, ku katsa ''na'', ''leswi'', ''swa mina'', na swin’wana, hi ntolovelo ma hlayiwa hi ku hambana, tanihi swihlawulekisi. Swikombiso: . * Sweswo a swi ri mianakanyo ''leyi hlekisaka'' swinene. (Xihlawulekisi xa xihlawulekisi ). * Mianakanyo yoleyo ya ''hlekisa''. (Xivulavulelo ) . * Ndzi byeli swin'wana swo hlekisa. (Xihlawulekisi xa le ndzhaku ka xiyimo xa kahle). * ''Leswinene'', leswo ''biha'' ni leswi ''hlekisaka''. (Xihlawulekisi xa xiviri). * Clara Oswald, ''loyi a hlekisaka'' hi ku helela, u file kanharhu. (Appositive). Ku ya hi ririmi, rihlawuri ri nga rhangela vito leri fambelanaka hi xisekelo xa xirhangi kumbe xi nga landzela vito leri fambelanaka hi xisekelo xa xirhangi xa le ndzhaku. Ku tekeriwa enhlokweni ka xivumbeko, mongo na xitayili swi nga khumba xiyimo xa le mahlweni kumbe xa le ndzhaku xa xihlawulekisi eka xikombiso lexi nyikiweke xa ku humelela ka xona. Hi Xinghezi, ku humelela ka mahlawuri hi ntolovelo ku nga hlayiwa hi yin’wana ya swiyenge swi nharhu: * Endzeni ka xivulwa xa riviti, ''xihlawulekisi xa xirhangi'' xi rhangela riviti ra nhloko, leri ri ri cincaka hi ndlela ya xihlawulekisi. Xikombiso, eka "I put my ''happy kids'' into the car." Happy yi humelela hi ku ya hi antecedent basis endzeni ka ''my happy kids'' noun phrase (kids being its head), naswona hikwalaho i rihlawuri ra xirhangi. * ''Mahlawuri ya le ndzhaku ka'' riviti ya humelela endzhaku ka riviti kumbe risivi leri va ri cincaka: endzeni ka xivulwa xa riviti, hi ku hatlisa endzhaku ka riviti ra nhloko kumbe risivi, leri ri ri cincaka hi ndlela ya xihlawulekisi, xikombiso "Kamara ''rin'we ntsena leri nga kona'' ri durha kambirhi leswi a hi swi languterile"; eka xivulwa xa appositive lexi nga ekusuhi, xikombiso "My ''kid, happy'' as a clam, was already in the back seat"; kumbe ku hlanganisiwa na riviti kumbe risivi hi ku tirhisa copular, resultative, depictive kumbe endlelo rin'wana ro hlanganisa, tanihi xihlawulekisi xa xivulavulelo, xikombiso "Vana va mina va ''tsakile",'' "Ndzi sula ''tafula ri basa"'' na "Hi cina hi ''nga ambalanga nchumu'' empfuleni" <ref name="Lexico2" /> (vona Subject complement, Object complement). * ''Swihlawulekisi leswi nga na mavito'', leswi tirhaka tanihi maviti. Ndlela yin’wana leyi leswi swi humelelaka ha yona i ku susa vito eka xivulwa xa vito ra xihlawulekisi-riviti, lexi masalela ya xona xisweswo ku nga ku thya vito . Eka xivulwa lexi, "Ndzi va hlayele tibuku timbirhi; yena u tsakele buku ya gome, kambe yena u tsakele buku leyi tsakeke", ''happy'' i xihlawulekisi lexi nga na vito, xo koma xa "happy one" kumbe "happy book". Ndlela yin'wana leyi leswi swi humelelaka ha yona i hi swivulwa leswi heleleke swo fana na "ku huma na swa khale, ku nghena na leswintshwa", laha "swa khale" swi vulaka "leswi nga swa khale" kumbe "hinkwaswo leswi nga swa khale", naswona hi ku fanana na "leswintshwa". Eka swiyimo swo tano, rihlawuri ri nga tirha tanihi vito ra vunyingi (tanihi le ka xikombiso lexi hundzeke). Hi Xinghezi, ri nga ha tlhela ri tirha tanihi riviti ra vunyingi leri kombisaka ntlawa wa nhlengeletano, tanihi le ka "The meek shall inherit the Eart,", laha "the meek" swi vulaka "these who are meek" kumbe "all who are meek". == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == * {{Cite journal |last=Dixon, R. M. W. |year=1977 |title=Where Have All the Adjectives Gone? |journal=Studies in Language |volume=1 |pages=19–80 |doi=10.1075/sl.1.1.04dix}} * {{Cite book |last=Dixon |first=R. M. W. |year=1993 |title=The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofla0000unse_h6q1 |publisher=Pergamon Press Inc |isbn=0-08-035943-4 |editor-last=R. E. Asher |edition=1st |pages=29–35}} * Dixon, R. M. W. (1999). "Adjectives". In K. Brown & T. Miller (eds.), ''Concise Encyclopedia of Grammatical Categories''. Amsterdam: Elsevier.  . pp.&nbsp;1–8. * {{Cite book |last=Rießler |first=Michael |year=2016 |title=Adjective Attribution |url=https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/19 |publisher=[[Language Science Press]] |isbn=9783944675657}} * Warren, Beatrice (1984). ''Classifying adjectives''. Gothenburg studies in English No. 56. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.  . * {{Cite journal |last=Wierzbicka, Anna |year=1986 |title=What's in a Noun? (Or: How Do Nouns Differ in Meaning from Adjectives?) |journal=Studies in Language |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=353–389 |doi=10.1075/sl.10.2.05wie}} smmdg36cm64sa9utolgns53pto1dbqu 0 8084 42398 42278 2026-09-20T03:56:25Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 42398 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> File:Rhincodon_typus_fgbnms_(cropped).jpg|alt=Largest: whale shark| Lexikulu ngopfu: whale shark File:Paedocypris_progenetica_001.jpg|alt=Smallest: e.g. Paedocypris progenetica| Lexintsongo: xikombiso ''Paedocypris progenetica'' </gallery>'''Nhlampfi''' i [[Swiharhi|xiharhi]] xa le matini xa 'anamniotic' lexi nga na ti 'gill -bearing' 'vertebrate' lexi nga na 'cranium' yo tika ku sirhelela byongo kambe xi pfumala swirho leswi nga na ti 'digits' .Tinhlampfi tinga hlengeletiwa eka tihlampfi letinga 'basal' 'jawless' swinene na tihlampfi leti tolovelekeke swinene ta 'jawed' leti to hetelela ti katsa tihlampfi hinkwato leti hanyaka ta 'cartilaginous' na 'bony' xikan'we na ti 'placoderms' letinga nyamalala na ti 'acanthodians'. Hi ku wisa eka ndhavuko wo leha wa ku hlengeleta tihlampfi hinkwato eka ntlawa wun’we ('<nowiki/>'''Pisces'<nowiki/>''') 'phylogenetics' ya manguva lawa yi languta tihlampfi tanihi ntlawa wa 'paraphyletic' lowu katsaka swiharhi hinkwaswo swa marhambu ya nhloko handle ka ti 'tetrapods'. Hi Xinghezi vunyingi bya "nhlampfi" i ''nhlampfi'' loko ku kongomisiwa eka vanhu na ''tinhlampfi'' loko ku kongomisiwa eka tinxaka. Tinhlampfi totala tina ngati yo titimela mahiselo ya miri wa tona ya hambana kuya hi mati lawa ya rhendzeleke, hambi leswi swihlambelo swin’wana leswikulu, leswi gingiritekaka swofana na 'white shark' na 'tuna' swinga hlayisaka mahiselo yale henhla ya 'core'. Tinhlampfi to tala ti nga vulavurisana hi mpfumawulo ku fana ni hi nkarhi wa minkombiso ya ku gangisana . Dyondzo ya tinhlampfi yi tiviwa tanihi 'ichthyology'. Kuna tinxaka to tlula 33,000 ta tihlampfi letinga kona hiku olova ka ntlawa lowukulu wa swihadyani swa marhambu ya nhloko naswona kutlula tinxaka hinkwato ta mintlawa yin’wana ya ndhavuko kunga swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini na le misaveni, swihadyani leswi hahaka, swinyenyani na swihadyani leswi mamisaka loko swi hlanganisiwa.Tinhlampfi totala ti wela eka ntlawa wa 'Actinopterygii' tihlampfi letingana 'ray-finned' leti endlaka kwalomu ka hafu ya swiharhi hinkwaswo leswi hanyaka swa 'vertebrate'. == Ntivo-vutomi bya rito == Rito ''nhlampfi'' ri huma eka 'Proto-Germanic' naswona ri fambelana na 'German {{Lang|de|Fisch}}' ku nga xihlamusela-marito xa Xilatini '{{Lang|la|piscis}}' na Xi-Irish xa Khale {{Lang|sga|íasc}} hambileswi rimitsu leri kongomeke ri nga tiviwiki valawuri van’wana va pfuxeta rimitsu ra 'Proto-Indo-European' {{Lang|ine-x-proto|*peysk-}} leyi tiyisisiweke ntsena hi Xitalic, Celtic na Xijarimani . <ref>{{Cite web|title=DWDS – Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache|url=https://www.dwds.de/wb/Fisch|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731172104/https://www.dwds.de/wb/Fisch|archive-date=31 July 2020|accessdate=2023-01-21|website=DWDS|language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lehmann |first=Winfred Philipp |year=1986 |title=A Gothic etymological dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/lehmann-gothic-etymological-dictionary-1986/page/n1/mode/2up |last2=Hewitt |first2=Helen-Jo J. |last3=Feist |first3=Sigmund |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-08176-5 |page=118}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=fish, n.1|url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/70646|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317010607/https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/70646|archive-date=17 March 2023|accessdate=2023-01-21|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Buck |first=Carl Darling |author-link=Carl Darling Buck |year=1949 |title=A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_Y0-BSA-088 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/bwb_Y0-BSA-088/page/184 184] |chapter=section 3.65}}</ref> == Ndzundzuluko == === Matimu ya masalela ya swilo leswi feke === [[File:Dunkleosteus_profile.jpg|thumb| ''Dunkleosteus'' a ku ri xiharhi lexikulu xa Devonian lexi hlomeke xa placoderm, c. 400 mya .]] Kwalomu ka malembe ya 530 wa timiliyoni lama hundzeke hi nkarhi wa ku buluka ka 'Cambrian', swiharhi leswi fanaka ni tinhlampfi leswi nga ni 'notochord' ni mahlo emahlweni ka miri swo tanihi ''<nowiki/>'Haikouichthys''', swi humelela eka rhekhodo ya masalela ya swilo leswi feke . <ref name="Shu 2003">{{Cite journal |last=Shu |first=D. G. |last2=Conway Morris |first2=S. |last3=Han |first3=J. |last4=Zhang |first4=Z. F. |last5=Yasui |first5=K. |last6=Janvier |first6=P. |last7=Chen |first7=L. |last8=Zhang |first8=X. L. |last9=Liu |first9=J. N. |last10=Li |first10=Y. |last11=Liu |first11=H.-Q. |display-authors=6 |date=2003 |title=Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate ''Haikouichthys'' |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10926399 |journal=Nature |volume=421 |issue=6922 |pages=526–529 |bibcode=2003Natur.421..526S |doi=10.1038/nature01264 |pmid=12556891 |s2cid=4401274}}</ref> Hi nkarhi wa khale ka 'Cambrian' swivumbeko swin’wana leswinga riki na tinhlaya swofana na 'conodonts' swa humelela. <ref name="Donoghue Purnell 2009">{{Cite journal |last=Donoghue |first=Philip C. J. |last2=Purnell |first2=Mark A. |date=2009 |title=The Evolutionary Emergence of Vertebrates From Among Their Spineless Relatives |journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1007/s12052-009-0134-3 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Miller Clark 1984">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=James F. |last2=Clark |first2=D. L. |year=1984 |title=Cambrian and earliest Ordovician conodont evolution, biofacies, and provincialism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGGi7wlAuw4C&pg=PA43 |journal=Geological Society of America Special Paper |series=Geological Society of America Special Papers |volume=196 |issue=196 |pages=43–68 |doi=10.1130/SPE196-p43 |isbn=978-0-8137-2196-5 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Matirhelo yo hlambela ya hambana kusuka eka tihlampfi tofana na 'tuna', 'salmon' na ti 'jacks' letinga funengeta 10–20 'body-lengths' hi xinkarhana kuya eka tinxaka tofana na ti 'eels' na 'rays' leti hlambelaka kungari kutlula 0.5 'body-lengths' hi xinkarhan. == Swikombo == === Tinhlamuselo ta le hansi === === Swihlovo leswi tshahiweke ===   == Ku hlaya loku yaka emahlweni == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /> iw5rz3fqc32zjpk4b4ld6fkstgoj3ox 0 8118 42380 2026-09-19T14:34:32Z Ndzhaka23 12466 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366870725|Brick]]" 42380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brick.jpg|thumb| Xitina xin’we]] [[File:Brick_wall_close-up_view.jpg|thumb| KHUMBI leri akiweke hi xivumbeko xa switina swa Flemish bond leswi nga ni tinhloko leti nga ni makhethenisi, leri nga ni mindzhuti yo hambana-hambana ni ku leha]] '''Xitina''' i muxaka wa xilo xo aka leswi tirhisiwaka ku aka makhumbi, mapatu ni swin’wana leswi akiwaku hi maribye . Hi laha ku faneleke, rito leri nge ''xitina'' rii huma tani hi yuniti leyi ngopfu ngopfu yi vumbiweke hi vumba, kambe sweswi ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa hi ndlela leyi nga riki ya xiviri ku kombisa tiyuniti to aka leti endliweke hi swilo swin’wana kumbe swiaki swin’wana swo aka leswi horisiweke hi tikhemikhali. Switina swinga hlanganisiwa hiku tirhisa mortar, swinamarheti kumbe hiku hlanganisiwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Interlocking bricks & Compressed stabilized earth bricks - CSEB|url=https://www.buildupnepal.com/interlocking-bricks/|website=Buildup Nepal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bricks that interlock|url=https://vlaanderen-circulair.be/en/cases-in-flanders/detail/facadeclick|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003122747/https://vlaanderen-circulair.be/en/cases-in-flanders/detail/facadeclick|archive-date=3 October 2020|accessdate=5 June 2019}}</ref> Switina switala ku humelerisiwa eka tindhawu to endla switina hi titlilasi totala, tinxaka, switirhisiwa, na vukulu leswi hambanaka kuya hi ndhawu, naswona swihumelerisiwa hi xitalo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=W. |first=Beamish |date=1990 |title=Village-level brickmaking |last2=Donovan |first2=A. |publisher=Vieweg |isbn=3-528-02051-2 |oclc=472930436}}</ref> ''Biloko'' i rito leri fanaka leri kombetelaka eka muako wa rhekithengula lowu vumbiweke hi vumba kumbe khonkhirete, kambe hi ntolovelo iyikulu ku tlula xitina. Switina swo vevuka (leswi tlhelaka swi vuriwa switina swo vevuka) swi endliwa hi vumba lebyi andlariweke . [[File:نمای_4.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Ntirho wa switina [[Khosrow Abad Gerrus Mosque|eMosque ya Khosrow Abad Gerrus]], eIran]] Switina leswi hisiweke i swin'wana swa switirhisiwa swo aka leswi tshamaka nkarhi woleha naswona swi tiya swinene, minkarhi yin’wana swivuriwa ribye ro endliwa hi vanhu, naswona switirhisiwile kusukela hi c. 4000 BC . Switina leswi omisiweke hi moya, leswi tlhelaka switiveka tani hi switina swa vumba, swina matimu ya khale kutlula switina leswi hisiweke, naswona swina xiaki lexi engetelekeke xa xikhomanisi xa mekheniki yofana na straw. aiyps9l6pfo7955zlkhwttebshaq972 2 8119 42381 2026-09-19T22:15:44Z Teddy577 12465 vadla ra hilexi 42381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vadla ra team hilexi''' Ivandla leri sunguleke hi lembe ra 2025 ri sunguliwa simon maluleke loyi adumeke hi vito ra teddy bear eka thikithoko ,never ndlovu na jay belena vafana lava hivona vanga sungula vandla leri ra vunyanyuri naku tsakisa vanhu eka thikithoko hiku ncina vunanga bya xitsonga lebyi tsakisaku vanhu vanyingi.loko vahlamusela ta masungulelo yavona vari va sungule hiku tlanga kasi vata hetelela vari vanhu lava tivekaka misava hikwayu. Vafana laka vatala ku ncina tinghoma tale bushbugridge leti vitaniwaka marabenta hitona vanga duma hitona hiku jikisa xisuti vave va sungula ku rhambiwa emikhuveni yohambana hambana kuya nyanyula xitshungu lako hikona va nga sungula kutekela nyiko na vuswikoti bya vona enhlokweni hikuva ava vona va sungula kudya hiswona leswi swiva nghenisele mali yohlaya swinene leyi nga ncinca vutomi bya vona hi xiyimu xale henhla. Swivuye swi onhaka loko vakha va rhambiwa ngompfu mali ayinghena yitele se ava sungula ku rhobana jay belena ahamba ava byela leswaku hiyena angana vu swikoti byo vatlula hikwavu yena ifanele ku kuma mali yale henhla ku hunda hi kwavu leswi swi vangile ma dzolonga leswinga endla leswaku vandla leri rihela ri tlhatlheka unwana na unwana avona yayena ndlela leswi akuri kuhela ka kurhandziwa naku tsakeriwa hi vanhu hiku vanhu avava rhandza vari ntlawa . '''Tibuku''' [[Vunanga]] [[Xigaza]] kch5ey6fwurn0j0xiocca31012ao9fa 0 8120 42382 2026-09-19T22:39:46Z Nadia Jay 12491 Created page with "'''TAFULA''' [[File:Furniture exhibits in Masfurniture, Hunsur (1).jpg|alt=Tafula|thumb|'''Tafula''']] '''Tafula''' i mpahla ra le kaya lowu nga na tlhelo ra le henhla leri tiyeke na milenge leyi yi rhombexaka. Yi endliwa hi mapulanga, nsimbhi, kumbe gilasi<ref>gilasi</ref>. Tafula ri tirhisiwa ku veka swakudya, tibuku, maphepha, ni swilo swin'wana swa siku na siku. Eka mindyangu, thefula yi vekiwa eka kamara yo dya laha ndyangu wu hlanganelaka ku dya swakudya swa masi..." 42382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TAFULA''' [[File:Furniture exhibits in Masfurniture, Hunsur (1).jpg|alt=Tafula|thumb|'''Tafula''']] '''Tafula''' i mpahla ra le kaya lowu nga na tlhelo ra le henhla leri tiyeke na milenge leyi yi rhombexaka. Yi endliwa hi mapulanga, nsimbhi, kumbe gilasi<ref>gilasi</ref>. Tafula ri tirhisiwa ku veka swakudya, tibuku, maphepha, ni swilo swin'wana swa siku na siku. Eka mindyangu, thefula yi vekiwa eka kamara yo dya laha ndyangu wu hlanganelaka ku dya swakudya swa masihan'wani. Tafula ra le xikolweni yi na nkoka swinene eka dyondzo<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kasoma |first=FP |date=1996 |title=Dyondzo}}</ref>. Vadyondzi va tirhisa thefula ku tsala, ku hlaya, ni ku endla tidyondzo ta vona. Thefula yi pfuna ku endla leswaku vadyondzi va va ni ndhawu yo hanya kahle. Tafula ro tanana yi vekiwaka eka yunivhesiti ku pfuna vadyondzi lava tshamaka va dya kumbe va hlaya.Ku hlayisa thefula ku lava ku yi hlengeleta hi siku na siku. Thefula ya mapulanga yi fanerile ku pfuliwa hi misiha yo tiyeka ku endla leswaku yi nga onhi. Thefula ya galasi yi fanerile ku hlengeletiwa hi ndlela yo kuma leswaku yi nga tshwini. Tafula leri hlayisekeke yi nga tshama malembe yo tala. Tafula ri tlhela yi va ndhawu yo veka swilo swo saseka ku fana na tifula kumbe swifaniso. Tafula i xikombiso xa vun'we ni ku hlangana. Loko ndyangu wu tshama eka tafula, va hlangana, va vulavula, va dya, va hanya. Tafula yi hi dyondzisa leswaku ku hlangana i nkoka. Ku nga ri na tafula, ku dya swi va swa mpfumawulo<ref>{{Cite book |last=khosa |first=E |date=2026 |title=Mpfumawulo}}</ref>. Tafula yi hi tsundzuxa leswaku vutomi byi lava ku va ni ndhawu yo hanya kahle ni ku hlangana na van'wana. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> asorbdrqdw57mqrt106rv7tfz4ifrd8 0 8121 42383 2026-09-19T22:42:22Z Nadia Jay 12491 Created page with "'''XIRHAMI''' [[File:Вниз по Черемошу.jpg|thumb|'''Xirhami''']] '''Xirhami''' i yin'wana ya tinguva ta mune ta lembe leti kumekaka eAfrika-Dzonga<ref>{{Cite news |last=LUSAKA |first=HG |date=1999 |title=Ta maxelo}}</ref>. Nkarhi lowu wu sungula hi n'hweti ya Nhlangula ku fikela Mawuwani. Hi nkarhi lowu wa lembe maxelo ya titimela swinene ku tlula tinguva tin'wana hinkwato. Mixo ya va yo titimela naswona dyambu a ri vonaki ngopfu ematilweni. Mapapa yo tshwuk..." 42383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''XIRHAMI''' [[File:Вниз по Черемошу.jpg|thumb|'''Xirhami''']] '''Xirhami''' i yin'wana ya tinguva ta mune ta lembe leti kumekaka eAfrika-Dzonga<ref>{{Cite news |last=LUSAKA |first=HG |date=1999 |title=Ta maxelo}}</ref>. Nkarhi lowu wu sungula hi n'hweti ya Nhlangula ku fikela Mawuwani. Hi nkarhi lowu wa lembe maxelo ya titimela swinene ku tlula tinguva tin'wana hinkwato. Mixo ya va yo titimela naswona dyambu a ri vonaki ngopfu ematilweni. Mapapa yo tshwuka ya tala etilweni kutani mpfula leyi naka ya titimela. Moya lowu hungaka hi xirhami wa chavisa hikuva wu chavisa miri wa munhu. Vanhu vo tala a va tsakeli ku huma endlwini hikuva ka titimela. Tinguva leyi yi tisa ku tika eka vutomi bya vanhu ni swiharhi. Xirhami xi endla leswaku vutomi byi famba hi ku nonoka. Eka nkarhi wa xirhami vanhu va fanele ku ambala swiambalo swo kufumela leswaku miri ya vona wu tshama wu hisile. Vanhu va ambala tijesi<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nathi |first=SP |date=1996 |title=Swiambalo leswi mbariwaka loko kuri na xirhami}}</ref> leto tiya leti endliweke hi voya, va ambala majekete yo leha yo sirhelela miri hinkwawo. Etilokweni va ambala swigwaxa swo kufumela ni swikipa swa mavoko leswaku mavoko ya nga titimeli. Endlwini ndyangu wu hlengeletana ekusuhi ni ndzilo wa tihunyi leswaku va kuma kuhisa. Ndzilo lowu wu endla yindlu yi va yo kufumala ni yo tsakisa. Vanhu va rhandza ku nwa swin'weso swo hisa ku fana na tiya, kofi ni sopo yo hisa. Vana lavatsongo a va pfumeleriwi ku tlanga handle hikuva va nga khomi hi mafuwa. Swikolo swin'wana swa pfalela loko xirhami xi tlula mpimo. Leswi hinkwaswo swi endliwa ku hlayisa rihanyu ra vanhu. Xirhami xi na nkucetelo lowukulu eka ntumbuluko ni eka swiharhi hinkwaswo. Swimila swo tala swa fa hikuva byanyi bya oma, matluka ya mirhi ya wa ya file ehansi. Masimu ya varimi ya va ma file handle ka nchumu, a ku na leswi byariwaka hi nkarhi lowu. Swiharhi swa le nhoveni swi lava tindhawu to kufumela leswaku swi tisirhelela eka xirhami. Tihomu ni timbuti ti tshama ekusuhi ni tindlu ta vanhu ti lava kuhisa. Tinxaka tin'wana ta swinyenyana<ref>swinyenyani la swirhurhelaku kona loko kuri na xirhami</ref> ti rhurhela ematikweni yo hisa ti baleka xirhami. Madamu ni milambu ya hunguteka hikuva mpfula a yi na ngopfu hi xirhami. Loko xirhami xi tika swinene xi tisa ndlala ni ku pfumaleka ka mati yo basa. Hikwalaho xirhami xi nga va nkarhi wa khombo eka rixaka. Hambileswi xirhami xi tikaka, xi tlhela xi hela kutani ku ta nkarhi wa ximumu. Malembe ya famba hi ku rhendzeleka, ku na tinguva ta mune ku nga ximumu, xirimo, xirhami ni xixika. Endzhaku ka xirhami ku vuya ku rula lokukulu ka ximumu lexi tisa ku tsaka eka vanhu. Leswi swi hi dyondzisa leswaku evuton'wini ku hava xilo lexi tshamaka hilaha ku heriki, swilo hinkwaswo swa hundza. Hi fanele ku tiyisela ni ku hlayisana hi nkarhi wa xirhami leswaku hi nga vabyi. Munhu u fanele ku ambala kahle, ku dya swakudya leswi hanyisaka miri ni ku nwa mati yo tala. Ku hlayisa rihanyu hi nkarhi wa xirhami i swa nkoka swinene eka munhu un'wana na un'wana. Xirhami hikwalaho xi hi dyondzisa vutihlamuleri, ku tiyisela ni ku tshemba leswaku vumundzuku<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baloyi |first=V |date=2000 |title=Xirhami xa vuyerisa}}</ref> byo saseka byi ta vuya. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> 2wvy3orbsno4k5v4d5flprvey7vbi1p 0 8122 42384 2026-09-19T22:44:13Z Nadia Jay 12491 Created page with "[[File:Historical instruments.jpg|thumb|'''NGOMA''']] '''NGOMA''' '''Ngoma''' i xin'wana xa switirhisiwa swa vuyimbeleri swa khale swinene eka Vatsonga. Ngoma yi endliwa hi mapulanga yo tiya ni ndzovo ya homu leyi tshwutsiweke. Yi endliwa hi voko hi vavanuna lava nga ni vutivi bya ku endla tingoma<ref>tingoma</ref>. Mpfumawulo wa ngoma wu twala kule swinene loko yi biwa. Ngoma yi tirhisiwa eka mikhosi yo tala ya ndhavuko. Hi fanele ku hlayisa vutivi bya ku endla ngoma...." 42384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Historical instruments.jpg|thumb|'''NGOMA''']] '''NGOMA''' '''Ngoma''' i xin'wana xa switirhisiwa swa vuyimbeleri swa khale swinene eka Vatsonga. Ngoma yi endliwa hi mapulanga yo tiya ni ndzovo ya homu leyi tshwutsiweke. Yi endliwa hi voko hi vavanuna lava nga ni vutivi bya ku endla tingoma<ref>tingoma</ref>. Mpfumawulo wa ngoma wu twala kule swinene loko yi biwa. Ngoma yi tirhisiwa eka mikhosi yo tala ya ndhavuko. Hi fanele ku hlayisa vutivi bya ku endla ngoma. Eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga ngoma yi na ntirho lowukulu swinene evuton'wini bya siku hinkwasiku. Loko ngoma yi biwa vanhu va twa leswaku ku na nkhuvo kumbe mhaka leyikulu. Eka mitshino ya xintu ku fana na xibelani ni makhwaya<ref>mincino ya vatsonga</ref> ngoma ya biwa vanhu va bina. Ngoma yi tlhela yi tirhisiwa ku vitana vanhu eka hlengeletano ya hosi. Nkarhi wa ku khongela mpfula tingoma to tala ta biwa. Mpfumawulo wa ngoma wu pfuxa moya wa ku tsaka ni vun'we. Ku na tinxaka to hambana hambana ta tingoma eka Vatsonga. Ku na ngoma leyikulu ya varhoma leyi vitaniwaka gulu<ref>Tinxaka ta ti ngoma</ref>, yi biwa hi majaha ntsena. Ku na ngoma leyitsongo leyi biwaka hi vamanana eka mitshino ya vavasati. Tin'wana tingoma ti biwa hi swandla, tin'wana ti biwa hi tinhonga to tiya. Ngoma yin'wana na yin'wana yi na mpfumawulo wa yona lowu hlawulekeke. Vutivi bya ku ba ngoma byi dyondzisiwa ku suka eka vatswari ku ya eka vana. Namuntlha ndhavuko<ref>tingoma ti famba kunwe na ndhavuko</ref> wa ngoma wu le khombyeni yo lahleka hikuva vantshwa va rhandza thekinoloji. Vana vo tala a va ha tivi ku ba ngoma kumbe ku yina loko yi biwa. Loko hi yirisa ngoma ndhavuko wa hina hinkwawo wu ta lahleka hilaha ku heriki. Hi fanele ku dyondzisa vana exikolweni ni le kaya ku ba ngoma ni ku yina. Ku hlayisa ngoma i ku hlayisa vutivi, rirhandzu ni vun'we bya Vatsonga. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> 15vu6citmpg9xgdc1uhugnvin6u7arp 0 8123 42385 2026-09-19T22:45:39Z Nadia Jay 12491 Created page with "[[File:Gyedong-gil street with climbing plants at golden hour in Seoul South Korea.jpg|thumb|'''XITARATA''']] '''XITARATA''' '''XITARATA''' i gondzo lerikulu leri akiweke hi tar, simende ni maribye<ref>{{Cite book |last=NYATHI |first=G |date=1989 |title=Swi tirhisiwa swo endla xitara}}</ref>. Ri akiwa hi mfumo leswaku ri hlanganisa madoroba ni swiganga. Xitarata xi endla leswaku mimovha yi famba hi ku olova ni ku hatlisa. Handle ka xitarata a ku nge vi na ku famba ka mi..." 42385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gyedong-gil street with climbing plants at golden hour in Seoul South Korea.jpg|thumb|'''XITARATA''']] '''XITARATA''' '''XITARATA''' i gondzo lerikulu leri akiweke hi tar, simende ni maribye<ref>{{Cite book |last=NYATHI |first=G |date=1989 |title=Swi tirhisiwa swo endla xitara}}</ref>. Ri akiwa hi mfumo leswaku ri hlanganisa madoroba ni swiganga. Xitarata xi endla leswaku mimovha yi famba hi ku olova ni ku hatlisa. Handle ka xitarata a ku nge vi na ku famba ka mimovha. Xitarata lexinene xi pfuna tiko ri hluvuka hi ikhonomi. Hi fanele ku hlayisa switarata swa hina. Xitarata xi na nkoka lowukulu eka vutomi bya vanhu hinkwavo<ref>{{Cite book |last=MALULEKE |first=HE |date=1992 |title=Nkoka wa switarata}}</ref>. Vana va xikolo va tirhisa xitarata ku ya xikolweni hi bazi. Vatirhi va ya entirhweni hi xitarata siku hinkwasiku. Varimi va rhwala mavele ni mirho ya vona hi xitarata va ya emakete. Xitarata xi hunguta nkarhi wo famba ku suka eka ndhawu yin'wana ku ya eka yin'wana. Xi tlhela xi hunguta tinghozi loko xi akiwile kahle. Ku aka xitarata swi lava mali yo tala ni vatirhi vo tala<ref>{{Cite book |last=MAHUTSI |first=VEN |title=Ku xava switirhisiwa swo endla xitarata}}</ref>. Vayengi va sungula hi ku pima misava va tlhela va chela maribye. Endzhaku va chela tar yo hisa va yi ringanisa hi muchini lowukulu. Xitarata xi fanele ku tiya leswaku xi nga hahluki hi mpfula. Loko ku na makhele mfumo wu rhumela vatirhi ku ya lulamisa. Ntwanano wa ku hlayisa xitarata wu teka nkarhi wo leha. Hi fanele ku tirhisa xitarata hi vukheta ni vutihlamuleri. Vachayeri va fanele ku landzelela swikoweto swa le patwini leswaku ku nga vi na nghozi. Hi nga tshiki hi celi thyaka eka xitarata hikuva xi thyakisa mbango. Vana a va fanelangi ku tlanga exitarateni hikuva swi na khombo. Xitarata lexinene xi kombisa leswaku tiko ra hluvuka. Loko hi hlayisa xitarata, hi hlayisa vutomi bya hina hinkwavo.<ref>ku saseka ka xitarata</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> ccwoe320kvyskkue8qme09pyc2r1wut 0 8124 42386 2026-09-19T22:47:34Z Nadia Jay 12491 Created page with "[[File:School kids in Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|'''VANA VA XIKOLO''']] '''Vana va xikolo''' '''Vana va xikolo''' i vumundzuku bya tiko ra hina ra Afrika-Dzonga. Vana lava va ha dyondzaka eka swikolo swa le hansi ni swa le henhla. Va pfuka hi nimixo va ambala yunifomo ya xikolo va ya dyondza<ref>dyondzo yina nkoka</ref>. Exikolweni va dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsala ni ku hlayela hi vutlhari. Vadyondzisi va dyondzisa hi rirhandzu leswaku va hluvuka. Vana va xikolo va tisa ku tshemb..." 42386 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:School kids in Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|'''VANA VA XIKOLO''']] '''Vana va xikolo''' '''Vana va xikolo''' i vumundzuku bya tiko ra hina ra Afrika-Dzonga. Vana lava va ha dyondzaka eka swikolo swa le hansi ni swa le henhla. Va pfuka hi nimixo va ambala yunifomo ya xikolo va ya dyondza<ref>dyondzo yina nkoka</ref>. Exikolweni va dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsala ni ku hlayela hi vutlhari. Vadyondzisi va dyondzisa hi rirhandzu leswaku va hluvuka. Vana va xikolo va tisa ku tshemba lokuntshwa eka rixaka hinkwaro. Hi fanele ku va seketela hi matimba hinkwawo<ref>vana va xikolo va fanele ku seketeriwa</ref>. Vutomi bya vana va xikolo a byi olovi minkarhi hinkwayo, byi na mintlhontlho yo tala. Vana vo tala va famba mpfhuka yo leha hi milenge ku ya xikolweni. Van'wana va dyondza va nga dyangi hikuva ekaya ku hava swakudya<ref>Dyondzo i xitlhaku xa vutomi</ref>. Ku na vana lava pfumalaka tibuku, tiyunifomo ni switirhisiwa swa xikolo. Hambiswiritano vana lava va tiyisela va ya dyondza siku hinkwasiku. Va tiva leswaku dyondzo ntsena yi nga va humesa evusiwaneni. Ku tiyisela ka vona ku hi dyondzisa vutlhari lebyikulu. Dyondzo leyi vana va xikolo va yi kumaka yi na nkoka lowukulu swinene evuton'wini. Dyondzo yi pfula miehleketo ya vona yi va endla va tlhariha. Yi va dyondzisa ku xixima van'wana ni ku tirhisana hi rirhandzu. Exikolweni vana va dyondza vutivi bya Tinhlayo, Sayense, Xitsonga ni Xinghezi. Vutivi lebyi byi va lunghiselela ku kuma mitirho leyinene endzhaku ka xikolo. Vana lava dyondzekeke va kota ku aka tiko ro antswa. Dyondzo i xikhiye lexi pfulaka rivanti ra vumundzuku byo voninga.<ref>Vana va fanele ku kondleteriwa va nghena xikolo</ref> Hi fanele ku hlayisa ni ku seketela vana va xikolo hi tindlela hinkwato. Vatswari va fanele ku va pfuna hi ku va endlela ndhawu yo dyondzela ekaya. Mfumo wu fanele ku aka swikolo swo tala swo saseka ni ku nyika swakudya swa mahala. Rixaka hinkwaro ri fanele ku yirisa ku xanisa vana ni ku va tirhisa hi ndlela yo biha. Loko hi hlayisa vana va xikolo namuntlha, hi hlayisa tiko ra mundzuku. Vana va xikolo va fanele ku rhandziwa, ku xiximiwa ni ku nyikiwa nkarhi wo tlanga. Hikuva vana va xikolo va tiko, tiko ra vona ri ta va ra ku voninga.<ref>xikolo xi hluvukisi vana vo tala</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> 3u31ep96lqbnkv9extsmi256ev8d1j3 0 8125 42389 2026-09-20T00:40:34Z Lihle012 12468 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371307890|Door]]" 42389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rivanti''' i xisirhelelo lexi hinge kumbe lexi fambafambaka hi ndlela yin’wana lexi pfumelelaka ku ngha na ku huma eka ndawu leyi pfariweke. Ku pfuleka loku tumbuluxiweke erirhangwini i ''nyangwa'' kumbe ''rivati''. Xikongomelo xa nkoka na xo sungula xa nyangwa i ku nyika vuhlayiseki hi ku lawula ku nghena eka nyangwa. Hi ntolovelo i phanele leyi nghenaka enyangweni wa muako, kamara kumbe movha. Hi ntolovelo tinyangwa ti endliwa hi nchumu lowu faneleke ntirho wa nyangwa. Hi ntolovelo ti khomiwa hi ti hinge, kambe ti nga famba hi tindlela tin’wana, to tanihi swilayidi kumbe ku ringanisela. lo44aaeovsvh1v19dokxby0yu1qr0nu 0 8126 42392 2026-09-20T00:58:03Z NwaMasingita 12492 i added a topic 42392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ribye''' dxhsulns015ohp7jrw0aek3g9y7cn6r 42393 42392 2026-09-20T01:00:44Z NwaMasingita 12492 i added a category 42393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ribye''' '''Ribye''' i swilo leswi tiyeke swa ntumbuluko leswi vumbiwaka hi minerali yin'we kumbe ku hundza. Ma vumbiwa hi maendlelo ya ntumbuluko ya swa misava eka nkarhi wo leha swinene. Ribye i xinw'ana xa swilo swa khale swinene leswi vanhu va swi tirhiseke ku aka , ku endla switirhisiwa, swifaniso na switsundzuxo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Winkler |first=E.M |year=1997 |title=Stonr in Architecture:Properties, Durability |edition=3rd}}</ref> '''Ribye ri vumbisiwa ku yini?''' Maribye yo tala ya ntumbuluko ya ya avanyisiwa hi swiyenge swinharhu leswikulu: * Maribye ya [[Igneous]]- ma vumbiwa loko magma kumbe lava leyi hisaka yi hola yi tlhela yi tiya. Xikombiso i [[granite na basalt]] * Maribye ya [[Sedimentary]]- ma vumbiwa hi swilo leswi hlengeletanaka swo fana na misava, sava kumbe swiphemu swa maribye leswi tshamaka swi hlanganile naswona swi tiya hi ku famba ka nkarhi. Swikombiso i [[sandstone]] na [[limestone]]. * Maribye ya Metamorphic- ma vumbiwa loko ribye leri a ri ri kona ri cinca xivumbeko hi mhaka yaku hisa swinene, ntshikelelo kumbe ku cinca ka swilo swa tikhemikhali. Swikombiso i [[marble]] na [[slate]]. Maendlelo lawa ma hlanganile eka leswi vitaniwaka rock cycle laha maribye ma nga cincaka ku suka eka muxaka wun'we ku ya eka wun'wana hi ku famba ka nkarhi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siegesmud S & Snethlage R |year=2014 |title=Stone in Architecture:Properties, Durability |edition=5th}}</ref> [[File:Hampi, India, Rocky landscape of Hampi, Granite rocks of Matanga Hill.jpg|thumb|Maribye ya granite]] '''Muxaka wa maribye ya ntumbuluko.''' {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ribye !Muxaka !Matirhiselo ya rona |- |Granite |Igneous |Swirhapa, miako na switsundzuxo |- |Marble |Metamorphic |Swirhapa, swifaniso, miako ni switsundzuxo |- |Limestone |Sedimentary |Ku endla cement, miako ni ndlela |} Nkoka wa ribye Ribye i ra nkoka hikuva hi ntolovelo ri tiyile, ri hlawulekile naswona ri kumeka hi ntumbuluko. Maribye man'wana ma nga kota ku hanya madzana kumbe magidi ya malembe loko mahlawuriwile kahle naswona ma hlayisiwa. Hambiswiritano ku cela ribye emigodini ku ri fambisa ni ku ri lulamisa swi nga va ni mbuyelo eka mbango. Hikokwalaho i swa nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni laha ribye ri humaka kona ni ndlela leyi ri humesiwaka ni ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Langer |first=W.H. |year=2001 |title=Dimension Stone}}</ref> [[File:Giant Marbles in Joshua Tree National Park.jpg|thumb|I xifanisa le xi kombisaka maribye ya [[marble]]]]'''Swikombo''' <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ribye}} [[Category:Ribye]] [[Category:Ntumbuluko]] gzcwx8w0w416uyvijgzsj6v90acu8x9