Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4435 42570 40189 2026-09-24T22:07:18Z Salivary 12474 Created by translating the section "Definitions" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376415598|Life]]" 42570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg|thumb|Swimilana swa tintshava ta Rwenzori, [[Uganda]]]] [[File:Climbing beans growing in the North Kivu (4).jpg|thumb|Varimi]] '''Vutomi''' ixihlawurisi exikarhi ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka na leswi feke. kuna mihlovo yo hambana-hambana ya vutomi, yin'wana yakona i [[swimilana]], swiharhi na tibhaktheriya. Ntivo-vutomi (Biology) i[[sayensi]] ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="176"></span> Kutafikela na namunthla, van'wa sayensi na van'wa tifilosofi va swikuma switika ku nyikela nhlamuselo ya riviti "vutomi".<ref>{{Template:Cite web|title=What is life?|url=https://www2.bc.edu/~strother/GE_146/lectures/7.html}}</ref> Swivumbiwa swikota kudya no gayela swakudya, swikota ku twa, swikota ku tswala, naswona swikota ku hluvuka swithlela swikota ko tolovela mbangu lowu switshamaka eka wona kuya hi kulandzelelana ka switukulwana. Kuna mixaka-xaka ya swivumbiwa laha emisaveni, naswona hinkwaswo swi yelana hi kuva na nkuma wa khaboni na mati ya miri. Van'wa sayensi va ehleketa leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungurile kusuka eka swivumbiwa leswinga hanyiki. Vutomi byo sungula bya laha misaveni byi ngava byi sungule kwalomu ka 3.5 biliyoni wa malembe, loko misava yisungule ku vumba maribye kumbe sava leri omeke. Mihleketo yin'wana iya leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungule hikwalaho ka hlangana ka swiaki swavutomi kwalomu ka 4.1-4.4 biliyoni wa malembe lamahundzeke.<ref name="AB-20021014">{{Template:Cite web|last=Tenenbaum|first=David|title=When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock|url=http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/293/when-did-life-on-earth-begin-ask-a-rock|date=14 October 2002|work=Astrobiology Magazine|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="AP-20151019">{{Template:Cite news|last=Borenstein|first=Seth|title=Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html|date=19 October 2015|work=[[Excite]]|location=Yonkers, NY|publisher=[[Mindspark Interactive Network]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=2015-10-20}}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20151014-pdf">{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=Elizabeth A.|last2=Boehnike|first2=Patrick|last3=Harrison|first3=T. Mark|last4=Mao|first4=Wendy L.|display-authors=3|date=19 October 2015|title=Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf|format=PDF|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|doi=10.1073/pnas.1517557112|issn=1091-6490|accessdate=2015-10-20|pmid=26483481|pmc=4664351|volume=112|pages=14518–21}}</ref><ref name="NS-20080702">{{Template:Cite web|last=Courtland|first=Rachel|title=Did newborn Earth harbour life?|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14245-did-newborn-earth-harbour-life.html|date=2 July 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="RN-20090520">{{Template:Cite web|last=Steenhuysen|first=Julie|title=Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/20/us-asteroids-idUSTRE54J5PX20090520|date=20 May 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref>  Ndlela leyi vutomi byingavaka byi tumbulixiwe hayona ayitiveki, hambi leswi kunga tala mavonele hi mhaka leyi. Kusukela loko vutomi byi tumbulukile, vutomi byi cinca-cincile kuya  hi mihlovo yo hambana-hambana. Hmabi leswi vutomi byi kumekaka himixaka yotala, kuringanyetiwa leswaka 99 wa tiphesenti ta swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka eka 5 biliyoni,<ref name="Book-Biology">{{Template:Cite book|editor1=Kunin, W.E.|editor2=Gaston, Kevin|title=The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=31 December 1996|isbn=978-0-412-63380-5|accessdate=26 May 2015}}</ref> wa swivumbiwa leswi tshameke swi hanya laha misaveni, aswahari kona.<ref name="StearnsStearns2000">{{Template:Cite book|last=Stearns|first=Beverly Peterson|last2=Stearns|first2=S. C.|last3=Stearns|first3=Stephen C.|title=Watching, from the Edge of Extinction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&pg=PA1921|year=2000|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-08469-6|page=1921|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20141108-MJN">{{Template:Cite news|last=Novacek|first=Michael J.|title=Prehistory's Brilliant Future|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html|date=8 November 2014|work=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> kuringanyetiwa leswaku kana kwalomu ka 10 kuya 14 wa timiliyoni taswivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.<ref name="MillerSpoolman2012">{{Template:Cite book|author1=G. Miller|author2=Scott Spoolman|title=Environmental Science&nbsp;— Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|date=2012|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-133-70787-4|page=62|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref> Hambileswi vutomi byi vonakaka laha misaveni ntsena, vanhu votala va ehleketa leswaku kuna mihlovo ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka ehandle ka misa.<ref name="RaceRandolph2002">{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Race|first1=Margaret S.|last2=Randolph|first2=Richard O.|title=The need for operating guidelines and a decision making framework applicable to the discovery of non-intelligent extraterrestrial life|journal=Advances in Space Research|volume=30|issue=6|date=2002|pages=1583–1591|issn=0273-1177|doi=10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00478-7|quote=There is growing scientific confidence that the discovery of extraterrestrial life in some form is nearly inevitable|bibcode=2002AdSpR..30.1583R}}</ref><ref>{{Template:Cite news|first=Matt|last=Cantor|authorlink=|title=Alien Life 'Inevitable': Astronomer|date=15 February 2009|url=http://www.newser.com/story/50874/alien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html|work=newser|accessdate=3 May 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F50874%2Falien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html&date=2013-05-03|archivedate=3 May 2013|quote=Scientists now believe there could be as many habitable planets in the cosmos as there are stars, and that makes life's existence elsewhere "inevitable" over billions of years, says one.}}</ref><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="247"></span> == Hlaya leswi engetelekeke == * Kauffman, Stuart. [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman] * ''[http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf Seeding the Universe With Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064713/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |date=2012-11-02 }}'' Legacy Books, Washington D. C., 2000, [[:en:Special:BookSources/047600330X|ISBN 0-476-00330-X]] * Walker, Martin G. [http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book ''LIFE! Why We Exist&nbsp;... And What We Must Do to Survive''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724030023/http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book |date=2011-07-24 }} Dog Ear Publishing, 2006, [[:en:Special:BookSources/1598582437|ISBN 1-59858-243-7]] == Mikobiso yale handle == * [[species:Main Page|Wikispecies]]&nbsp;– a free directory of life * [http://astro-ecology.com/ Resources for life in the Solar System and in galaxy, and the potential scope of life in the cosmological future] * [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html "The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman"] * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/life/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life The Kingdoms of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191135/http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life |date=2013-10-29 }} == Nhlamuselo == Nhlamuselo ya vutomi i khale yi ri ntlhontlho eka van'wasayense na vativi va filosofi.<ref name="Tsokolov-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Tsokolov |first=Serhiy A. |date=May 2009 |title=Why Is the Definition of Life So Elusive? Epistemological Considerations |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=401–412 |bibcode=2009AsBio...9..401T |doi=10.1089/ast.2007.0201 |pmid=19519215}}</ref><ref name="Emmeche-1997">{{Cite web|last=Emmeche|first=Claus|year=1997|title=Defining Life, Explaining Emergence|url=http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314095044/http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html|archive-date=14 March 2012|accessdate=25 May 2012|publisher=[[Niels Bohr Institute]]}}</ref><ref name="McKay-2004">{{Cite journal |last=McKay |first=Chris P. |date=14 September 2004 |title=What Is Life—and How Do We Search for It in Other Worlds? |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=2 |issue=9 |page=302 |bibcode=2004PLOSB...2..302M |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020302 |pmc=516796 |pmid=15367939 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Leswi swi vangiwa hi xiphemu xin'wana hikuva vutomi i maendlelo, ku nga ri swilo leswi nga ni xivumbeko xo karhi.<ref name="Mautner-1997">{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |year=1997 |title=Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Journal of the British Interplanetary Society]] |volume=50 |pages=93–102 |bibcode=1997JBIS...50...93M |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064738/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="Mautner-2000">{{Cite book |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |date=2000 |title=Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |publisher=Michael Mautner |isbn=978-0-476-00330-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064713/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McKay |first=Chris |date=18 September 2014 |title=What is life? It's a Tricky, Often Confusing Question |journal=Astrobiology Magazine}}</ref> Leswi swi rharhanganile hikwalaho ka ku pfumaleka ka vutivi bya vuhlawulekisi bya swilo leswi hanyaka, loko swi ri kona, leswi swi nga ha vaka swi humelerile ehandle ka Misava.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nealson |first=K.H. |last2=Conrad |first2=P.G. |date=December 1999 |title=Life: past, present and future |url=https://royalsociety.org/journals/ |url-status=live |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B]] |volume=354 |issue=1392 |pages=1923–1939 |bibcode=1999RSPTB.354.1923N |doi=10.1098/rstb.1999.0532 |pmc=1692713 |pmid=10670014 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160103000925/https://royalsociety.org/journals/ |archive-date=3 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mautner-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |year=2009 |title=Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Bioethics |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=433–440 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x |pmid=19077128 |s2cid=25203457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064743/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> Tinhlamuselo ta filosofi ta vutomi na tona ti nyikeriwile, leti nga ni swiphiqo leswi fanaka swa ndlela yo hambanisa swilo leswi hanyaka eka leswi nga hanyiki.<ref name="Jeuken M-1975">{{Cite journal |last=Jeuken M |year=1975 |title=The biological and philosophical defitions of life |journal=Acta Biotheoretica |volume=24 |issue=1–2 |pages=14–21 |doi=10.1007/BF01556737 |pmid=811024 |s2cid=44573374}}</ref> Tinhlamuselo ta le nawini ta vutomi ti kaneriwile, hambi leswi hi ntolovelo ti kongomisiwaka eka xiboho xo vula leswaku munhu u file, na vuyelo bya le nawini bya xiboho lexi.<ref name="Capron-1978">{{Cite journal |last=Capron AM |year=1978 |title=Legal definition of death |journal=[[Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences]] |volume=315 |issue=1 |pages=349–362 |bibcode=1978NYASA.315..349C |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb50352.x |pmid=284746 |s2cid=36535062}}</ref> Kwalomu ka 123 wa tinhlamuselo ta vutomi ti hlengeletiwile.<ref name="Trifonov-2011">{{Cite journal |last=Trifonov |first=Edward N. |date=17 March 2011 |title=Vocabulary of Definitions of Life Suggests a Definition |journal=Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=259–266 |doi=10.1080/073911011010524992 |pmid=21875147 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category: Ntivo-Vutomi]] [[Category:Vutomi]] 8rluq331bps2wfjezrb6uffpg9620qe 0 4656 42580 42165 2026-09-24T23:12:01Z Salivary 12474 Created by translating the section "Health effects" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374991517|Beer]]" 42580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Byala''' i swakunwa swa xihoko leswi endliwaka hi ku swekiwa ni ku virisa switachi leswi humaka eka mavele ya cereal —hakanyingi ku tirhisiwa maxalana lama endliweke hi malt, hambileswi ku tirhisiwaka koroni, mavele, rhayisi ni oats . Mavele ya hlanganisiwa ku hundzula starch eka mavele kuva chukele, leri khulukaka ematini kuva ri endla wort. Ku virisa wort hi comela swi humesa ethanol na khabonexini eka byala. Byala i swin’wana swa swakunwa swa khale swinene naswona swi dyiwaka ngopfu emisaveni, naswona i swin’wana xa swakunwa leswi dumeke swinene eka hinkwaswo. Byala byotala bya manguva lawa byi endliwa hi ti hops, leti engetelaka ku bava na nantswo wun'wana naswona ti tirha tani hi xihlayisi xa ntumbuluko na ku tiyisisa. Swilo swin’wana swo nandzihisa, swo tanihi gruit, swimilana kumbe mihandzu, swi nga ha katsiwa kumbe ku tirhisiwa ematshan’weni ya ti-hops. Eka ku endliwa ka byalwa bya mabindzu, khabonexini ya ntumbuluko yitala ku siviwa hi khabonexini leyi sindzisiweke. Byala byi hangalasiwa hi mabodlhela na swikotela, naswona byitala ku kumeka eka draft eswipotsweni na le tibarheni. Indasitiri yo endla byala i bindzu ra misava hinkwayo, leri vumbiwaka hi mabindzu yo hlayanyana lamakulu ya matiko yo hambanahambana ni magidi yo tala ya vahumelerisi lavatsongo ku sukela eka ti- brewpub ku ya eka tindhawu to endla byala ta xifundzha. Matimba ya byala bya manguva lawa byitala kuva kwalomu ka 4% kuya eka 6% wa byala hi vholumu (ABV). Man'wana ya matsalwa yosungula ya boxa vuhumelerisi naku hangalasiwa ka byala: Code ya Hammurabi (1750 BC) ayi katsa milawu leyi yi lawulaka, kasi "The Hymn to Ninkasi ", xikhongelo eka xikwembu xa xisati xa Mesopotamia xa bya, xina recipe ya yona. Byala byi vumba xiphemu xa ndhavuko wa matiko yo tala naswona byi fambelanisiwa na mindhavuko ya ntshamisano yo fana na minkhuvo ya byala, xikan'we na migingiriko yo fana na mintlangu ya le pub. Byala byinga vanga timhaka ta rihanyo loko byi dyiwa ngopfu kumbe ku tlula mpimo; byala i xiaki xa khensa xa ntlawa wa 1 wa IARC . [[Category:Byala]] == Health effects == Nkambisiso wa 2018 wu kume leswaku ku tirhisiwa ka ethanol ku engetela Nhlayo ya mafu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Griswold |first=Max G. |last2=Fullman |first2=Nancy |last3=Hawley |first3=Caitlin |last4=Arian |first4=Nicholas |last5=Zimsen |first5=Stephanie R. M. |last6=Tymeson |first6=Hayley D. |last7=Venkateswaran |first7=Vidhya |last8=Tapp |first8=Austin Douglas |last9=Forouzanfar |first9=Mohammad H. |last10=Salama |first10=Joseph S. |last11=Abate |first11=Kalkidan Hassen |last12=Abate |first12=Degu |last13=Abay |first13=Solomon M. |last14=Abbafati |first14=Cristiana |last15=Abdulkader |first15=Rizwan Suliankatchi |display-authors=5 |date=2018 |title=Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=392 |issue=10152 |pages=1015–1035 |bibcode=2018Lanc..392.1015G |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2 |issn=0140-6736 |pmc=6148333 |pmid=30146330}}</ref> Ku tirhisiwa ka byala i xivangelo xa vunharhu xa rifu ra xihatla eUnited States.<ref name="Kee2014" /> Le United States, ntsengo wa vanhu va kwalomu ka 88,000 wa mafu hi lembe (5.9% wa mafu hinkwavo) ku ehleketiwa leswaku ri vangiwa hi byala.<ref name="NIH2015Stats">{{Cite web|title=Alcohol Facts and Statistics|url=http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081638/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics|archive-date=18 May 2015|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> A ku na nhlangano wa swa vutshunguri lowu bumabumelaka leswaku vanhu lava nga riki na swakunwa va fanele ku sungula ku nwa byala.<ref name="Kee2014" /> Minkambisiso yin'wana yi gimete hi ku vula leswaku ku nwa byala byintsongo (ku nga va xin'we eka vavasati na swimbirhi eka vavanuna, hi siku) swi fambisana ni ''ku hunguteka'' ka khombo ra Vuvabyi bya mbilu, ku oma swirho, vuvabyi bya chukele, na rifu ra xihatla,<ref name="Kee2014">{{Cite journal |last=O'Keefe |first=J.H. |last2=Bhatti |first2=S.K. |last3=Bajwa |first3=A. |last4=DiNicolantonio |first4=J.J. |last5=Lavie |first5=C.J. |date=March 2014 |title=Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison...or the remedy. |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=382–93 |doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005 |pmid=24582196 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kambe swin'wana swa minkambisiso leyi swi hlanganise khale ka vanhu lava a va nwa ethanol ni vanhu lava a va nga nwi vutomi bya vona hinkwabyo eka ntlawa wun'we wa vanhu lava nga riki na ethanol, leswi a swi endla leswaku swi nga vi swa rihanyo. Mimbuyelo ya nkarhi wo leha ya rihanyo ya ku nwa byala lebyi yaka emahlweni, lebyi ringaniseriweke kumbe lebyi nga ni matimba yi katsa nghozi ya ku va ni vudakwa ni vuvabyi bya xivindzi. Ku engetela kwalaho, ku fana ni swakunwa hinkwaswo swa byala, i IARC group 1 khakhinojene.<ref name="FOOTNOTEIARC20091102">{{Cite web|title=IARC Strengthens Its Findings on Several Carcinogenic Personal Habits and Household Exposures|url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2009/pdfs/pr196_E.pdf|accessdate=August 1, 2014|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)|format=Press release|quote=November 2, 2009 ‐‐ IARC has updated the cancer assessments of several personal habits and household exposures that cause cancer, including tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, and household coal smoke. The update was conducted with the advice of 30 scientists from 10 countries who met at IARC in October 2009. [...] The Working Group concluded that acetaldehyde associated with alcohol consumption is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and confirmed the classification in Group 1 of alcohol consumption and of ethanol in alcoholic beverages.}}</ref> kg367odob9k43nuk14i3p8zr3gof897 0 4787 42563 34139 2026-09-24T21:13:14Z Salivary 12474 Created by translating the section "Definition and classification" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375331697|Food]]" 42563 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|thumb|swakudya swo hambana-hambana]] '''Swakudya''' iswilo<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/food|title=food|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en}}</ref> leswi dyiwaka leswaku swi nyika matimba na [[vutomi]] eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Hakanyingi i [[swimilana]], kumbe [[xiharhi|swiharhi]], naswona swi hlanganisa swiaka miri swa nkoka, kufana na mafurha, tiphurotheni, timinerali, Mavhitamina na ti Khabhohaydreti.  Kuya hi matimu, [[vanhu]] ava hlengeleta swakudya hi ku hlota kumbe ku rima. Manguva lawa, swakudya swi phakeriwa hi ti khampani leti lulamisaka swakudya. Mfanelo yo va na swakudya, [[timfanelo ta ximunhu|imfanelo ya ximunhu]] leyi tekiweke eka nhlangano wa ikhonomi na timfanelo ta ximunhu (ICESCR), leyi amukelaka "mfanelo wa mahanyele lamanene, ku katsa na swakudya", kuhlanganisa na "mfanelo nkulu yaku tshunxeka eka ndlala". == Definition and classification == Swakudya i nchumu wun'wana na wun'wana lowu dyiwaka ku nyika nseketelo wa swakudya na matimba eka xivumbiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Food definition and meaning|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/food|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501034215/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/food|archive-date=1 May 2021|accessdate=21 August 2021|website=Collins English Dictionary|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Swi nga va swa timbuluko, swo endliwa kumbe swi yi endla kutani swi ya dya hi swifuwo hi nomu leswaku swi kula, swi va ni rihanyo kumbe swi tiphina. Swakudya swi endliwa ngopfu hi mati, mafurha, tiphirotheyini na tikhabohayidireti. Swilo swin'wana swa ntumbuluko (xik. tivhithamini) na timinerali (xik. mimunyu) na swona swi nga kumeka eka swakudya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=M. Shafiur |last2=McCarthy |first2=Owen J. |date=July 1999 |title=A classification of food properties |journal=International Journal of Food Properties |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=93–99 |doi=10.1080/10942919909524593 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Swimilana, algae, na switsongwatsongwana swin'wana swi tirhisa photosynthesis ku endla swakudya swa swona.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2017|title=What is Photosynthesis|url=https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/what-photosynthesis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203164642/https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/what-photosynthesis|archive-date=3 December 2021|accessdate=3 December 2021|website=Smithsonian Science Education Center|language=en}}</ref> Mati ya kumeka eka swakudya hinkwaswo naswona ya hlamuseriwa tanihi swakudya hi swoxe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2020|title=CPG Sec 555.875 Water in Food Products (Ingredient or Adulterant)|url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-555875-water-food-products-ingredient-or-adulterant|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203164643/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-555875-water-food-products-ingredient-or-adulterant|archive-date=3 December 2021|accessdate=3 December 2021|website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration|language=en}}</ref> Mati a ma na matimba ya swakudya, naswona ti fibre ti na matimba lamatsongo, kumbe matimba ya swakudya loko wu pimanisiwa na vukulu, swin'wana a swi na matimba, kasi mafurha hi wona lama nga ni matimba mo tala.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Low-Energy-Dense Foods and Weight Management: Cutting Calories While Controlling Hunger|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/nutrition/pdf/r2p_energy_density.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118001657/https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/nutrition/pdf/r2p_energy_density.pdf|archive-date=18 November 2021|accessdate=3 December 2021|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}</ref> Swilo swin'wana leswi nga riki swa ntumbuluko na swona swa i swa nkoka eka swimilana na swiharhi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zoroddu |first=Maria Antonietta |last2=Aaseth |first2=Jan |last3=Crisponi |first3=Guido |last4=Medici |first4=Serenella |last5=Peana |first5=Massimiliano |last6=Nurchi |first6=Valeria Marina |date=June 2019 |title=The essential metals for humans: a brief overview |journal=Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry |volume=195 |pages=120–129 |doi=10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.013 |pmid=30939379}}</ref> == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|20em}} [[Category:Swakudya]] [[Category:Tndlela to sweka]] 70optcd481y0ojl7km5brcucukuo12r 2 7533 42564 39917 2026-09-24T21:17:45Z MissJesus 12475 Ndzi tumbuluxe matluka ya 4 na 5 42564 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i MissJesus [[User:MissJesus/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:MissJesus/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:MissJesus/Draft 3|Draft 3]]* [[Draft 4/|Draft 4]] * [[Draft 5/|Draft 5]] 0z0cbsfj0pdpa3swxo0kofksrjy6z6t 0 7779 42553 41142 2026-09-24T16:52:42Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365339736|Duck]]" 42553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekwa''' i vito leri tolovelekeke ra tinxaka to tala ta swinyenyana swa le matini eka ndyangu wa Anatidae . Hi ntolovelo masekwa i matsongo naswona ma ni tinhamu to koma ku tlula tindloti ni tigese, leswi nga swirho swa ndyangu wun’we. SwiIavanyisiwile exikarhi ka mindyangu leyintsongo yo hlayanyana, i xivumbeko xa taxon ; a ti yimeli ntlawa wa monophyletic (ntlawa wa vatukulu hinkwavo va muxaka wun’we lowu tolovelekeke wa vakokwa wa vona), tanihi leswi swinyenyana ni tihanci swi nga tekiwiki tanihi masekwa. Masekwa ngopfu ngopfu i swinyenyana leswi hanyaka ematini, naswona swi nga ha kumeka ematini yo tenga ni le matini ya lwandle. == Ntivo-vutomi bya rito == Rito ''sekwa'' ri huma eka Xinghezi xa Khale xinyenyana lexi dzikaka ematini 'diver', xivulwa lexi humaka eka riendli {{Lang|ang|*dūcan}} ‘ku duck, ku korhama ehansi onge hiloko u nghena ehansi ka nchumu, kumbe ku nwela’, hikokwalaho ka ndlela leyi tinxaka totala eka ntlawa wa masekwa lawa lavaka swakudya hiku dabula ti dyaka ha yona hiku upending; pimanisa na {{Lang|nl|duiken}} ya Xidachi na {{Lang|de|tauchen}} ya Xijarimani 'ku nwela ematini'. cmif5x7k4m87hso8wht9n00u6ygc4mj 0 7840 42567 41235 2026-09-24T21:44:39Z Salivary 12474 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376330386|Elephant]]" 42567 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tindlopfu''' i swiharhi leswikulu swa le misaveni leswi hanyaka. Ku na tinxaka tinharhu leti hanyaka: ndlopfu ya le nhoveni ya Afrika (Loxodonta africana), ndlopfu leyi nga ekhwatini ra Afrika (''L. cyclotis''), na ndlopfu ya le Asia (Elephas maximus). I swirho swa ndyangu wa Elephantidae na ntlawa wa Proboscidea; maxaka lama nga ha riki kona ma katsa ti-mammoth na Ti-mastodon. Swivumbeko swo hlawuleka swa tindlopfu swi katsa matino yo leha lama vuriwaka xirhumbana, matino yo leha, tindleve letikulu, milenge yo fana ni tiphuphu, na nhlonge yo tiya kambe leyi nga ni mpunga. Nhopfu ya yona ya khomelela, yi tisa swakudya na mati enon'wini na ku khoma swilo., Matino yo leha, lama humaka eka meno lama tlhavaka, swi tirha tanihi matlhari na switirhisiwa swo fambisa swilo na ku cela. Swifunengeto leswikulu swa tindleve swi pfuna ku hlayisa mahiselo ya miri lama nga cinciku xikan'we na ku vulavurisana. Tindlopfu ta le Afrika ti ni tindleve letikulu ni mincila leyi voyameke, kasi tindlopfu ta le Asia ti ni tindlopfu letitsongo ni mincila yo voyamela. . 42zabgzasx6saau4w6qs0r4tb4vvxx1 0 7860 42568 41315 2026-09-24T21:53:42Z Salivary 12474 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375495726|Leopard]]" 42568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yingwe''' ('''''''Panthera'' pardus''''') i yin'wana ya tinxaka ta ntlhanu ta swimanga leswi nga kona eka ntlawa wa Panthera. Yi na voya bya xitshopana ku ya eka bya ntima bya nsuku na swivati swa ntima leswi hlanganisiweke hi Ti-rosette. Miri wa yona wo lala naswona wu ni misiha, wu fika eka ku leha ka 92-183 cm (36-72 in) na 66-102 cm (26-40 in) ncila wo leha na makatla yo leha ku fika eka 60-70 in). Ya xinuna hi ntolovelo ya tika 30.9-72, kasi ya xisati i 20.5-43. jq2a67yevuxyjp5k4n0c3nl3c4u00uj 2 8172 42547 2026-09-24T13:13:27Z Salivary 12474 Ku tsala nomboro ya dirafiti 42547 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 4y048uqieq92g2vj74uqvb0kt5r3g06 42548 42547 2026-09-24T13:25:00Z Salivary 12474 Ku tsala hungu 42548 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE Yingwe i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi. Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini. Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota swiharhi leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka swakudya swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. au1jmj7zqx1s2wd3ztcfzb7bkjhcu3r 42557 42548 2026-09-24T20:46:51Z Salivary 12474 ku kurisa xirhangi 42557 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi. Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini. Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota swiharhi leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka swakudya swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. f0yi6mzo0fxml604hxkhs1tnh9itw00 42558 42557 2026-09-24T20:47:58Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela liki. 42558 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi. Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini. Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka [[swakudya]] swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. 6cih8d315vxxzl9zm4491ja5jafqrni 42559 42558 2026-09-24T20:50:02Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela tibuku leti tirhisiweke. 42559 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi. Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini. Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka [[swakudya]] swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. == Swikombo == qjt2jnroa5xkuovyyugd66mp3n08cc5 42560 42559 2026-09-24T20:52:30Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela ntlawa. 42560 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi. Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini. Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka [[swakudya]] swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] csggoeimatw56zchd425po9i5k663rx 42561 42560 2026-09-24T20:54:14Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela liki. 42561 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Wildlife-travel/kruger-park-wildlife-leopards.html Facts About Leopards - Kruger National Park Leopard]</ref> Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini.<ref name=":1" /> Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka [[swakudya]] swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] 3zvo7ppx213zfr22zo6kbthfbq5frz1 42562 42561 2026-09-24T20:57:01Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela swifaniso. 42562 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 14 YINGWE [[File:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) Kruger.jpg|thumb|406x406px|Yingwe endzeni ka nhova]] '''Yingwe''' i xiharhi xa rivilo lexi kumekaka enhovheni nale tangeni wa swiharhi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Wildlife-travel/kruger-park-wildlife-leopards.html Facts About Leopards - Kruger National Park Leopard]</ref> Yi na miri wa mavala yo saseka, milenge ya mune, minwala yo tontswa ni meno yo tiya. Loko yi famba ayi rhasi naswona yi kota ku tumbela eka byanyi byo laha ni le mirhini.<ref name=":1" /> Yingwe i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama naswona yi hlota [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo ni leswikulu. Yi tirhisa vutshila bya yona ku tshinela swinene eka leswi yi lavaka ku swi hlota. Yingwe yi nga tlhela yi koka [[swakudya]] swa yona yi ya swi tumbeta emurhini leswaku swiharhi swin'wana swi nga swi teki. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] mekeeir4qh8z7x23mqrrf0kgaz73m1a 0 8173 42549 2026-09-24T15:23:44Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373741542|Blueberry]]" 42549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ti blueberries''' i ntlawa lowu hangalakeke swinene naswona wu hangalakile swinene wa swimilani leswi hanyaka swiluva leswi nga na ti berries ta wasi kumbe xivunguvungu. Ti hlayiwa eka xiyenge xa '''''Cyanococcus''''' endzeni ka muxaka wa ''Vaccinium'' . <ref name="rowland">{{Cite book |last=Rowland |first=Lisa J. |year=2005 |title=Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops |last2=Hammerschlag |first2=Freddi A. |publisher=CABI |isbn=0-85199-066-5 |editor-last=Litz |editor-first=Richard E. |series=Biotechnology in Agriculture |volume=29 |chapter=''Vaccinium'' spp. (8.1: Blueberry) |access-date=September 21, 2020 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxbUJntXepEC&pg=PA222 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212091802/https://books.google.com/books?id=AxbUJntXepEC&pg=PA222 |archive-date=December 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ti blueberries leti xavisiwaka havumbirhi bya tona ta nhova na leti byariwaka hinkwato titumbuluka eAmerika N’walungu. Tinxaka ta ku byariwa ti nghenisiwile eEurope hi malembe yava 1930s. <ref name="nauman1993">{{Cite book |last=Naumann |first=W. D. |year=1993 |title=Fifth International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture |publisher=International Society for Horticultural Science |isbn=978-90-6605-475-2 |editor-last=K. A. Clayton-Greene |location=Wageningen, the Netherlands |pages=53–58 |chapter=Overview of the Vaccinium Industry in Western Europe |oclc=29663461 |access-date=August 25, 2006 |chapter-url=http://www.actahort.org/books/346/346_6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311054006/http://www.actahort.org/books/346/346_6.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ti blueberries hi ntolovelo i swihlahla leswi nga nkhinsama leswi nga hambana hi vukulu ku suka eka 10 wa tisentimitara kuya eka 4 wa timitara hiku leha. Eka vuhumelerisi bya mabindzu bya ti blueberries, tinxaka leti nga na ti berries leti ntsongo, ta vukulu bya tinyawa leti milaka eka swihlahla swale hansi titiveka tani hi "lowbush blueberries" (leswi fanaka na "wild"), kasi tinxaka letingana ti berries letinkulu leti milaka eka swihlahla swo leha, leswi byariweke titiveka tani hi "highbush blueberries". Hi lembe ra 2024, [[Khanada|Canada]] a kuri tiko leri rhangelaka eka muhumelerisi wa ti blueberries ta lowbush, kasi tiko ra United States rihumelerisile 29% wa mphakelo wa misava hinkwayo wa ti blueberries ta highbush. nge4ib0in5v6bwtrwuzwpafik1h157f 0 8174 42550 2026-09-24T15:49:51Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376205533|Okra]]" 42550 wikitext text/x-wiki Muxaka lowu i perennial, leyi talaka ku byariwa tanihi malembe na malembe eka maxelo yo kufumela, yitala kukula kuya kwalomu ka 2 wa timitara ku leha. Tanihi xirho xa Malvaceae, yi fambisana ni tinxaka to tanihi khotoni, cocoa, na hibiscus . Matluka ya kona ya lehe 10-20 wa tisentimitara yo leha no anama, ya palmately lobed na 5–7 wa ti lobes. Swiluva swa kona 4-8 wa tisentimitara . Xifundzhankulu xa xirhendzevutani hi vukulu, na ntlhanu wa mabilomu yo basa kuya eka yo tshuka, hakanyingi na xivati xotshuka kumbe xa xivunguvungu ehansi. Ti grains ta pollen tina xirhendzevutani naswona tina kwalomu ka 188 microns hiku anama . Mihandzu yakona i capsule kuya fika eka 18 wa tisentimitara yo leha na xiphemu xo tsemakanya xa pentagonal, lexi nga na [[mbewu]] yo tala . 21k6b72n3lhevgpkrwpldh1hvdghl8e 0 8175 42551 2026-09-24T16:10:33Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375802601|Blackberry]]" 42551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''murhebeyila''' i muhandzu lowu dyiwaka lowu humelerisiwaka hi tinxaka totala eka muxaka wa ''Rubus'' eka ndyangu wa Rosaceae, swihlanganisi exikarhi ka tinxaka leti tile endzeni ka muxaka lowuntsongo ''wa Rubus'', naswona i swihlanganisi exikarhi ka tinxaka letintsongo ta ''Rubus'' na ''Idaeobatus'' . Taxonomy ya ti blackberries hi matimu yi pfilunganyekile hikokwalaho ko hlanganisa na apomixis lero va tinxaka titala ku hlengeletiwa swin'we naswona ti vitaniwa tinxaka leti hlengeletiweke . Vuhumelerisi bya mihandzu ya mirhebeyila byi tele hi tivholumu ta lembe na lembe ta {{Convert|20000|lb|kg}} hi {{Convert|1|acre}} swi koteka, leswi endlaka leswaku ximilani lexi xi koka rinoko eka swa mabindzu. <ref name="carroll">{{Cite web|last=Carroll B|date=February 2017|title=Commercial Blackberry Production|url=https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/commercial-blackberry-production.html|accessdate=10 April 2024|publisher=Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University}}</ref> ''Rubus armeniacus'' (Himalayan kumbe Armenian blackberry) yi tekiwa tani hi nhova leyi nga ni khombo na muxaka lowu hlaselaka eka tindzhawu totala ta Pacific Northwest ya Canada nale United States, laha yi milaka yinga lawuleki eka tiphaki ta le madorobeni nale handle ka madoroba na tindzhawu ta makhwati. <ref name="iscbc">{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Himalayan blackberry|url=https://bcinvasives.ca/invasives/himalayan-blackberry/|accessdate=13 August 2021|publisher=Invasive Species Council of BC}}</ref> <ref name="king">{{Cite web|date=16 February 2021|title=Himalayan blackberry: identification and control|url=https://kingcounty.gov/services/environment/animals-and-plants/noxious-weeds/weed-identification/blackberry.aspx|accessdate=13 August 2021|publisher=King County, Washington: Noxious Weed Control Program}}</ref> axjl8rdjrult987blqe3aks5lu5daim 0 8176 42552 2026-09-24T16:29:39Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375637470|BlackBerry]]" 42552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BlackBerry''' ( '''BB''' ) i birende leyi yimisiweke ya switirhisiwa swa tiqingho tale nyongeni na vukorhokeri bya tiqingho tale nyongeni lebyi fambelanaka na swona, ekusunguleni yi tumbuluxiwile no hlayisiwa hi khamphani ya le Canada ya Research In Motion (RIM, leyi endzhaku yi vitaniweke tanihi BlackBerry Limited) ku fikela hi 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=RIM Company – Learn about Research in Motion|url=http://www.rim.com/company/|accessdate=September 23, 2012|publisher=RIM}}</ref> BlackBerry yo sungula a ku ri pager ya tindlela timbirhi, Inter@ctive Pager 950, leyi sunguriweke hi 1999 eAmerika N’walungu, leyi tirhaka eka netiweke ya Mobitex (endzhaku yi tlhela yi va DataTAC ) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-12-28|title=Ten years of BlackBerry|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009-12-28-ten-years-of-blackberry.html|accessdate=2025-05-25|website=Engadget|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Jowitt |first=Tom |date=2017-10-20 |title=Tales In Tech History: BlackBerry |url=https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-innovation/science/tales-tech-history-blackberry-223557 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=Silicon UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> naswona yi sungule ku duma swinene hikwalaho ka xiyimo xa yona xa xo tshama xi layithile mikarhi hinkwayo na vuswikoti byo rhumela na ku amukela marungula ya imeyili handle ka ntambhu. BlackBerry yi sungurile switiviso swa push naswona yi endle leswaku khibhodi ya QWERTY ya movha yi duma, leyi nga hundzuka xivumbeko xa mfungho wa bindzu wa brand. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Newspapers|first=Tribune|date=2001-12-10|title=Treo blends 3 functions into single gadget|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/12/10/treo-blends-3-functions-into-single-gadget/|accessdate=2025-05-25|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=West |first=Joel |last2=Mace |first2=Michael |date=June 2010 |title=Browsing as the killer app: Explaining the rapid success of Apple's iPhone |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308596109001323 |journal=Telecommunications Policy |language=en |volume=34 |issue=5–6 |pages=270–286 |doi=10.1016/j.telpol.2009.12.002 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Emalembeni ya yona yo sungula, BlackBerry yi tikombise yi ri ni vuyelo lowunkulu eka (hi ntolovelo) vuhlanganisi bya ndlela yin’we bya ti- pager leti tolovelekeke naswona yi tlhele yi susa xilaveko xa leswaku vatirhisi va boha eka tikhompyuta ta munhu hi xiyexe . <ref name=":11" /> Yi sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu ngopfu emisaveni ya mabindzu eUS ni le Canada. RIM yi sungule ku humesa BlackBerry eYuropa hi September 2001, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-09-24 |title=Gadgets get fruity |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1560419.stm |access-date=2025-05-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref> kambe eku sunguleni a yi nga tsakeli ngopfu kwalaho laha ku rhumeriwaka marungula hi ku tirhisa SMS a ku simekiwile ngopfu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-03-05 |title=Blackberry device is out of season |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3527233.stm |access-date=2025-05-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Hi nhluvuko wa thekinoloji ya tisele, <ref>{{Cite web|title=BlackBerry----Or Black Eye?|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2000/1127/6614265a.html|accessdate=2025-05-25|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> RIM yi humesile hi 2002 riqingho ro sungula ra BlackBerry, BlackBerry 5810, leyi a yi tirha eka netiweke ya GSM naswona yi tirhise GPRS eka vuswikoti bya yona bya imeyili na webu . <ref>{{Cite web|title=BlackBerry - 5810|url=https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/blackbarry-5810|accessdate=2025-05-25|website=www.mobilephonemuseum.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-05-01|title=The BlackBerry gets a phone|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3078379|accessdate=2025-05-25|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> RIM yi tlhele yi kuma ndhuma ya vuhlanganisi lebyi sirhelelekeke, leswi endleke leswaku mfumo wa Amerika wu va khasimende ya wona leyikulu na ku tirhisa vukorhokeri bya BlackBerry. 9wcv7hwc4y1fmaoor7y1i6zd5a02z0q 0 8177 42554 2026-09-24T17:11:06Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375799965|Spinach]]" 42554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|name=Spinach|image=Spinacia oleracea Spinazie bloeiend.jpg|genus=Spinacia|species=oleracea|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]|image2=Illustration Spinacia oleracea1.jpg}} '''Xipinichi''' ( '''''Spinacia oleracea''''' ) i ximilani xa swiluva swa rihlaza lexi nga ni matluka lexi humaka eAsia Xikarhi ni le Vupela-dyambu . I xa xiyimo xa Caryophyllales, ndyangu wa Amaranthaceae, ndyangu wa le hansi wa Chenopodioideae . Matluka ya xona i muroho lowu tolovelekeke lowu dyiwaka wuri lowuntsongo, lowu swekiweke kumbe endzhaku ka ku hlayisiwa (hiku tirhisa tindlela to hlayisa kufana no chela exikoteleni, ku titimeta, kumbe ku omisa ). Nantswo wu hambana swinene exikarhi ka leswi swekiweke na leswinga swekiwanga: nhlayo yale henhla ya oxalate yinga hungutiwa hiku blanching . I ximilani xa lembe na lembe (a xi tali ku va na malembe mambirhi ), xi kula ku fika eka 30 wa tisentimitara . Xipinichi xi nga ha heta xixika etindhawini [[Ku kufumela|leti kufumelaka]] . Matluka ya cincana, ya olova, ya ovate kuya eka yinhlanharhu, naswona ya cinca cinca swinene hi vukulu: 2-30 sentimitara hi ku leha na 1-15 wa tisentimitara yo anama, na matluka lamakulu ehansi ka ximilani na matluka lamantsongo yale henhla eka nsinya wa swiluva. Swiluva swa kona a swi vonaki, swa rihlaza ro tshwuka, .3-4 timilimitara hi vukulu, naswona yi vupfa yiva xirhabyani lexintsongo, xo tiya, xo oma, xa swirhumbana swa mihandzu 5-10 wa timilimitara across leyi nga na [[mbewu]] yo hlayanyana . lwo5q9u4fan1cdh6uf3bqqlz2o0cvyp 42555 42554 2026-09-24T17:11:25Z Quinlan83 8214 Fix 42555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|name=Spinach|image=Spinacia oleracea Spinazie bloeiend.jpg|genus=Spinacia|species=oleracea|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]|image2=Illustration Spinacia oleracea1.jpg}} '''Xipinichi''' ( '''''Spinacia oleracea''''' ) i ximilani xa swiluva swa rihlaza lexi nga ni matluka lexi humaka eAsia Xikarhi ni le Vupela-dyambu . I xa xiyimo xa Caryophyllales, ndyangu wa Amaranthaceae, ndyangu wa le hansi wa Chenopodioideae . Matluka ya xona i muroho lowu tolovelekeke lowu dyiwaka wuri lowuntsongo, lowu swekiweke kumbe endzhaku ka ku hlayisiwa (hiku tirhisa tindlela to hlayisa kufana no chela exikoteleni, ku titimeta, kumbe ku omisa ). Nantswo wu hambana swinene exikarhi ka leswi swekiweke na leswinga swekiwanga: nhlayo yale henhla ya oxalate yinga hungutiwa hiku blanching . I ximilani xa lembe na lembe (a xi tali ku va na malembe mambirhi ), xi kula ku fika eka 30 wa tisentimitara . Xipinichi xi nga ha heta xixika etindhawini [[Ku kufumela|leti kufumelaka]] . Matluka ya cincana, ya olova, ya ovate kuya eka yinhlanharhu, naswona ya cinca cinca swinene hi vukulu: 2-30 sentimitara hi ku leha na 1-15 wa tisentimitara yo anama, na matluka lamakulu ehansi ka ximilani na matluka lamantsongo yale henhla eka nsinya wa swiluva. Swiluva swa kona a swi vonaki, swa rihlaza ro tshwuka, .3-4 timilimitara hi vukulu, naswona yi vupfa yiva xirhabyani lexintsongo, xo tiya, xo oma, xa swirhumbana swa mihandzu 5-10 wa timilimitara across leyi nga na [[mbewu]] yo hlayanyana . e7e2v9cc5cv83jvmt4abq8nns0zkggq 42556 42555 2026-09-24T20:46:13Z Quinlan83 8214 Fix 42556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|name=Spinach|image=Spinacia oleracea Spinazie bloeiend.jpg|genus=Spinacia|species=oleracea|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]|image2=Illustration Spinacia oleracea1.jpg}} '''Xipinichi''' ( '''''Spinacia oleracea''''' ) i ximilani xa swiluva swa rihlaza lexi nga ni matluka lexi humaka eAsia Xikarhi ni le Vupela-dyambu . I xa xiyimo xa Caryophyllales, ndyangu wa Amaranthaceae, ndyangu wa le hansi wa Chenopodioideae . Matluka ya xona i muroho lowu tolovelekeke lowu dyiwaka wuri lowuntsongo, lowu swekiweke kumbe endzhaku ka ku hlayisiwa (hiku tirhisa tindlela to hlayisa kufana no chela exikoteleni, ku titimeta, kumbe ku omisa ). Nantswo wu hambana swinene exikarhi ka leswi swekiweke na leswinga swekiwanga: nhlayo yale henhla ya oxalate yinga hungutiwa hiku blanching. I ximilani xa lembe na lembe (a xi tali ku va na malembe mambirhi ), xi kula ku fika eka 30 wa tisentimitara . Xipinichi xi nga ha heta xixika etindhawini [[Ku kufumela|leti kufumelaka]] . Matluka ya cincana, ya olova, ya ovate kuya eka yinhlanharhu, naswona ya cinca cinca swinene hi vukulu: 2-30 sentimitara hi ku leha na 1-15 wa tisentimitara yo anama, na matluka lamakulu ehansi ka ximilani na matluka lamantsongo yale henhla eka nsinya wa swiluva. Swiluva swa kona a swi vonaki, swa rihlaza ro tshwuka, .3-4 timilimitara hi vukulu, naswona yi vupfa yiva xirhabyani lexintsongo, xo tiya, xo oma, xa swirhumbana swa mihandzu 5-10 wa timilimitara across leyi nga na [[mbewu]] yo hlayanyana. fnqhbhti4ykcvczabd7yc2m32tzs3ax 2 8178 42565 2026-09-24T21:27:26Z MissJesus 12475 Ndzi tumbuluxe draft space 3 42565 wikitext text/x-wiki This is my draft space 3 tbqadmgeorxef56s5o2s1nlk4ugrl23 42566 42565 2026-09-24T21:37:51Z MissJesus 12475 Added topic 42566 wikitext text/x-wiki This is my draft space 3 Ndzhavuko wa Matsonga Ndzhavuko wa hina Matsonga ha tinyungubyisa hiwona. akvyewnvgw5837i7gu08t6de1tfap3s 42569 42566 2026-09-24T22:06:40Z MissJesus 12475 Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra ndzhavuko wa matsonga 42569 wikitext text/x-wiki This is my draft space 3 Ndzhavuko wa Matsonga Ndzhavuko wa hina Matsonga ha tinyungubyisa hiwona.Vatsonga i un’wana wa mintlawa ya vanhu va Bantu lava kumekaka ngopfu eAfrika-Dzonga na le Mozambique, naswona ku tlhela ku va na Vatsonga ematikweni man’wana ya le handle ka Afrika-Dzonga. Ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga wu akiwile hi ririmi, mikhuva, mindhavuko, vuyimbeleri, ku cina, vukhongeri, swakudya, vuxaka bya mindyangu ni ndlela leyi vanhu va hanyisanaka ha yona. Xitsonga a hi ririmi ntsena, kambe i xiphemu xa nkoka xa vumunhu ni vumunhu bya Vatsonga hikuva ri pfuna ku hundzisela matimu, vutivi, mikhuva ni nkoka wa ndzhavuko ku suka eka rixaka rin’wana ku ya eka rin’wana. Ku ambala ka ndhavuko i ndlela yin’wana leyi Vatsonga va kombisaka ha yona vutivi bya vona. Vavasati va Vatsonga va tiviwa hi ku ambala swiambalo swa ndhavuko leswi nga ni mivala ni swifaniso swo hambana. Xibelani na swona i xiphemu lexi tivekaka xa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga, ngopfu-ngopfu loko ku ciniwa. Ku ambala swiambalo swa ndhavuko swi nga vonaka eka minkhuvo yo fana na vukati, minkhuvo ya ndhavuko, minkhuvo ya mindyangu ni minkhuvo ya vaaki. Namuntlha, swiambalo swa ndhavuko swi tlhela swi hlanganisiwa ni fexeni ya manguva lawa, leswi kombisaka leswaku ndhavuko wu nga hlayisiwa wu ri karhi wu cinca na nkarhi. Vuyimbeleri ni ku cina i swiphemu swa nkoka swinene swa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Ku cina ku nga tirhisiwa eka minkhuvo, vukati, minkhuvo ya ndhavuko ni swiendlakalo swin’wana swa vaaki. Makhwaya, Xighubu, Mchongolo na Xibelani i swin’wana swa swiyila swa ku cina leswi hlanganisiwaka ni ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Xibelani ngopfu-ngopfu xi tiveka hi ku cina loku fambisanaka ni swiambalo swa ndhavuko. Vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga na byona byi hundzuke hi ku famba ka nkarhi, kambe byi ya mahlweni byi ri ndlela yo komba ririmi, matimu, ntsako ni vutivi bya Vatsonga. Hi ku gimeta, ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga i ndzhavuko lowu fuweke hi ririmi, matimu, mindyangu, vukhongeri, vuyimbeleri, ku cina, swiambalo, swakudya ni mikhuva yo hambana. Xitsonga i xiphemu xa nkoka swinene xa ndzhavuko lowu hikuva xi hundzisa vutivi ni nkoka ku suka eka rixaka rin’wana ku ya eka rin'wana. Hambiswiritano, ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga a wu fani eka vanhu hinkwav̈o; ku ni ku hambana ka mikhuva hi ndhawu, ndyangu ni ntlawa. Hikuva ndzhavuko wu cinca hi ku famba ka nkarhi, i swa nkoka leswaku rixaka ra sweswi ri hlayisa ririmi, matimu ni mikhuva leyi akaka vumunhu bya Vatsonga. dfa9b1214gpy2ok3qroo2f3fi035i5y 2 8179 42571 2026-09-24T22:09:17Z Salivary 12474 Ku tsala hungu 42571 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 5cq9ezim1nye26xfju35puq8a0t4u05 42572 42571 2026-09-24T22:17:14Z Salivary 12474 Ku tsala hungu 42572 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni mati. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswons yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. slich44eawkxv4f2rrpv7t8poevun6a 42573 42572 2026-09-24T22:17:45Z Salivary 12474 ku kurisa xirhangi 42573 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni mati. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswons yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. rioms0xvduktgbuf1unj2mmk4uo2s3t 42574 42573 2026-09-24T22:18:20Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela ntlawa. 42574 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni mati. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswons yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. [[Category:Swiharhi]] p4g8fucfisykrfasirvaef7u9x4sca2 42575 42574 2026-09-24T22:19:09Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela tibuku leti tirhisiweke. 42575 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni mati. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswons yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] gx6mstdec8npz6zz5q8hqozixrklxfw 42576 42575 2026-09-24T22:25:29Z Salivary 12474 Ku tsala hungu 42576 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni mati. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswons yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi tivulaka hi ku va ni vuswikoti byo hanya ematini ni le handle ka mati. Yi tirhisa mati ku hlambela, ku tifihla ni ku lava swakudya. Ngwenya ya xisati yi veka matandza endhawini leyi hlayisekeke, kutani yi ma rindza ku kondza ya tlhotlorha. masungulo ya vana va ngwenya ma lava ku sirheleriwa leswaku va kota ku kula va va tingwenya letikulu. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] 744u0c2aaoou8itnl6vhugc0r4emeuq 42577 42576 2026-09-24T22:27:33Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela liki. 42577 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati. Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni [[mati]]. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswona yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi tivulaka hi ku va ni vuswikoti byo hanya ematini ni le handle ka mati. Yi tirhisa mati ku hlambela, ku tifihla ni ku lava [[swakudya]]. Ngwenya ya xisati yi veka matandza endhawini leyi hlayisekeke, kutani yi ma rindza ku kondza ya tlhotlorha. masungulo ya vana va ngwenya ma lava ku sirheleriwa leswaku va kota ku kula va va tingwenya letikulu. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] 1221qlqnoy1ikf47lw0zjqt9c9w8nxn 42578 42577 2026-09-24T22:30:04Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela liki. 42578 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati.<ref name=":1">[https://afrikanos.co.za/ Afrikanos Gansbaai | South Africa – The African Crocodile Experience]</ref> Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni [[mati]]. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswona yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi tivulaka hi ku va ni vuswikoti byo hanya ematini ni le handle ka mati.<ref name=":1" /> Yi tirhisa mati ku hlambela, ku tifihla ni ku lava [[swakudya]]. Ngwenya ya xisati yi veka matandza endhawini leyi hlayisekeke, kutani yi ma rindza ku kondza ya tlhotlorha. masungulo ya vana va ngwenya ma lava ku sirheleriwa leswaku va kota ku kula va va tingwenya letikulu. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] hys47ylgm52epdiqlxhja2b5fe9g7l9 42579 42578 2026-09-24T22:33:45Z Salivary 12474 Ku chela swifaniso. 42579 wikitext text/x-wiki Leyi i dirafiti ya mina no. 15 NGWENYA [[File:Aggressive young crockodile.jpg|thumb|387x387px|Ngwenya leyinga pfula nomo]] '''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexi hanyaka ematini naswona yi tlhela yi kota ku famba ehandle ka mati.<ref name=":1">[https://afrikanos.co.za/ Afrikanos Gansbaai | South Africa – The African Crocodile Experience]</ref> Yi kumeka ngopfu emilambyeni, madan'wini ni le tindhawini leti nga ni [[mati]]. Yi ni meno yo tontswa naswona yi tirhisa wona ku khoma ni ku dya swakudya swa yona. Yi tala ku dya tinhlampfi, swiharhi leswitsongo ni swiharhi swin'wana leswi tshamaka ekusuhi ni mati. Yi ni miri lowukulu, nhlonge yo tiya ni ncila wo leha lowu yi pfunaka ku hlambela. Loko yi ri ematini, yi nga famba hi ku hatlisa swinene. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi tivulaka hi ku va ni vuswikoti byo hanya ematini ni le handle ka mati.<ref name=":1" /> Yi tirhisa mati ku hlambela, ku tifihla ni ku lava [[swakudya]]. Ngwenya ya xisati yi veka matandza endhawini leyi hlayisekeke, kutani yi ma rindza ku kondza ya tlhotlorha. masungulo ya vana va ngwenya ma lava ku sirheleriwa leswaku va kota ku kula va va tingwenya letikulu. == Swikombo == [[Category:Swiharhi]] eacungo4s8kyzq2nc7swt728t1s9oku