Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2078 43147 42642 2026-09-30T23:08:00Z TaurusMargielyn 12495 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377634487|South Africa]]" 43147 wikitext text/x-wiki   Afrika-Dzonga, hi ximfumo Riphabliki ra Afrika-Dzonga (RSA), i tiko ra le dzongeni swinene eAfrika.[d] Tiko leri ri vumbiwa hi swifundzha swa nhungu, naswona ri rhendzeriwe edzongeni hi 2,798 wa tikhilomitara (1,739 wa timayili) ta ribuwa leri hangalakaka na lwandle ra Atlantic Dzonga na Lwandle ra Indiya;[1][2][3] en'walungwini hi matiko ya vaakelani ya Namibia, Botswana, na Zimbabwe; na le vuxeni na le n’walungu-vuxa hi Mozambique na Eswatini. Afrika-Dzonga ri tlhela ri pfalela Lesotho.[4] Leswi tiko leri ri nga na ndhawu ya 1,221,037 wa swikwere-khilomitara (471,445 wa swikwere-khilomitara), ri na vaaki vo tlula 63 wa timiliyoni, leswi endlaka leswaku ri va tiko ra vutsevu leri nga ni vaaki vo tala eAfrika, naswona ri va ra vu-24 emisaveni hinkwayo. Pretoria i ntsindza wa vulawuri, kasi Cape Town, tani hi xitulu xa Palamende, i ntsindza wa milawu, naswona Bloemfontein yi tekiwa tani hi ntsindza wa vuavanyisi.[5] Doroba lerikulu naswona ri nga na vaaki vo tala i Joni, ri landzeriwa hi Cape Town na Durban.[6] [[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]] [[Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters]] niycid6dpl5vquiabm12ps01wnoulr6 0 2663 43150 41877 2026-10-01T00:31:55Z Nayitisam 12493 Created by translating the section "Imprisonment" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376141110|Nelson Mandela]]" 43150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela,''' ku velekiwa '''Rolihlahla Mandela''' 18 Nhlangula Ntlhanu na nhungu wa madzana nkombo na nhungu&nbsp;kufikela ti Tlhanu ta Nwendza-mhala 2013 a ri mulweli -xihlawuhlawu wa Afrika-Dzonga na mufumi wa mfumo loyi a nga va president wo sungula wa Afrika-Dzonga ku sukela hi Ntlanu na nhungu wa madzana kaye na mune ku ya fika hi Gidi na madzana kaye na makhume kaye kaya. A a ri nhloko ya mfumo yo sungula ya Vantima etikweni na ku hlawuriwa ro sungula eka nhlawulo wa xidemokirasi lowu a wu yimela hi ku hetiseka . Vulawuri bya yena byi kongomisiwile eka ku herisa ndzhaka ya xihlawuhlawu hi ku kurisa ku vuyelelana ka tinxaka, ntwanano wa ku rhula wa rixaka naswona eku heteleleni xidemokirasi xa tinxaka to hambana. Hi tlhelo ra miehleketo ari African nationalist and socialist, u tirhile tani hi president wa vandla ra African National Congress (ANC) kusukela hi Gidina madzana kaye na makhume kaye na tin'we kuya eka 1997. Mandela u velekiwile endyangwini wa vuhosi bya Thembu e Mvezo, Afrika Dzonga. U dyondzele nawu eYunivhesiti ya Fort Hare na le Yunivhesiti ya Witwatersrand a nga si tirha tanihi gqweta [[Joni|eJoni]] . Kwalaho u nghenelerile eka tipolotiki to lwisana na vukoloni na vutiko bya Afrika, a joyina vandla ra ANC hi Gidi na madzana kaye na kaye makhume mune na nharhu na ku simeka swin’we na nhlangano wa yona wa Youth League hi Gidi na madzana kaye na makume mune na mune. Endzhaku ka loko mfumo wa National Party wa valungu ntsena wu simeke xihlawuhlawu, endlelo ro hambanyisa rixaka leri a ri nyika valungu lunghelo, Mandela na ANC va tinyiketerile ku yi hlula. U hlawuriwile tani hi president wa rhavi ra ANC ra Transvaal, a tlakuka kuya eka ndhuma hikokwalaho ka ku nghenelela ka yena eka 1952 Defiance Campaign na 1955 Congress of the People . U khomiwile hi ku phindha-phindha hikwalaho ka mintirho yo pfukela mfumo naswona u hehliwile kambe a nga humelelanga eka Nandzu wa Vuxengi wa 1956 . Hiku kuceteriwa hi Marxism, u joyine exihundleni eka vandla ra South African Communist Party (SACP) leri ari yirisiwa. Hambi leswi ekusunguleni a tinyiketerile eka ku kombisa ku vilela loku nga riki na madzolonga, hi ku tirhisana na SACP u simeke ntlawa wa vapfukeri wa uMkhonto we Sizwe hi 1961 lowu nga rhangela pfhumba ro onha ku lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. U khomiwile kutani a pfaleriwa ekhotsweni hi 1962, naswona, endzhaku ka Rivonia Trial, u gweviwe ku tshama ekhotsweni vutomi hinkwabyo hikwalaho ko endla xikungu xo herisa mfumo. Mandela u hete malembe ya Makume mbirhi na nkombo ekhotsweni, a avana exikarhi ka [[Robben island|Robben Island]], Pollsmoor Prison, na Victor Verster Prison. Exikarhi ka ntshikelelo lowu kulaka wa laha kaya na matiko ya misava xikan’we naku chava nyimpi ya xin’wana-manana ya tinxaka President FW de Klerk u n’wi ntshunxile hi Ndzana wa gidi -nkaye ni makume-makaye. Mandela na de Klerk va rhangele matshalatshala yo burisana ku herisa xihlawuhlawu leswinga endla leswaku kuva na nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa tinxaka to hambana hi Gidi-nkaye ni makume-makaye mune laha Mandela anga rhangela vandla ra ANC kuya hlula kutani ava president. Loko a rhangela mfumo wo anama wa ntwanano lowu nga humesela vumbiwa byintshwa, Mandela u kandziyisile ku vuyelelana exikarhi ka mintlawa ya tinxaka ta tiko na ku tumbuluxa Khomixini ya Ntiyiso na ku Vuyelelana ku lavisisa ku tlula ka timfanelo ta ximunhu eka nkarhi lowu hundzeke. Hi tlhelo ra ikhonomi, ndzawulo ya yena yi hlayise rimba ra ntshunxeko ra loyi a yi rhangeleke hambi leswi a ri na ripfumelo ra yena ra vusoxalisi, yi tlhele yi nghenisa magoza yo hlohlotela ku cinca ka misava, ku lwisana na vusweti na ku ndlandlamuxa vukorhokeri bya nhlayiso wa rihanyo. Ematikweni ya misava, Mandela u tirhile tani hi muhlanganisi eka nandzu wa ku buluka ka tibomo wa Pan Am Flight 103 naswona u tirhile tani hi matsalani-jenerala wa Non-Aligned Movement kusukela hi 1998 kuya eka 1999. U arile nkarhi wa vumbirhi wa vupresidente naswona u tlhandlamiwe hi xandla xa yena, [[Thabo Mbeki]] . Mandela u vile mufumi lonkulu naswona u kongomise eka ku lwisana na vusweti na [[HIV/AIDS]] hi ku tirhisa nhlangano wo pfuneta wa swa timali wa Nelson Mandela Foundation . Mandela ari munhu loyi a kanetiwaka ngopfu eka nkarhi wotala wa vutomi bya yena. Hambileswi vaxopaxopi va le tlhelo ra xinene va n’wi solaka tanihi mutherorisi wa vukhomunisi naswona lava nga etlhelo ra ximatsi swinene va n’wi teke a hisekela ngopfu ku burisana ni ku vuyelelana ni vaseketeri va xihlawuhlawu, u kume ku bumabumeriwa emisaveni hinkwayo hikwalaho ka ku lwela ka yena. Emisaveni hinkwayo u tekiwa tanihi xifaniso xa vurhangeri bya mahanyelo, ku rhula, [[Demokhrasi|xidemokirasi]] na vululami bya ntshamisano, u kumile ku tlula 250 wa swidlodlo, ku katsa na Sagwadi ra Nobel ra ku Rhula . U khomiwa hi xichavo lexikulu endzeni ka Afrika Dzonga, laha a talaka ku vitaniwa hi vito ra rixaka ra yena ra Thembu, Madiba, na swona u hlamuseriwa tani hi Tatana wa Rixaka. Mandela u tekiwa ngopfu tani hi un’wana wa vanhu lavakulu vo tsakeriwa swinene eka lembe xidzana ra va Makume ma mbirhi. [[Category:1918 births]] == Imprisonment == Hiti 5 ta August 1962, maphorisa ya khome Mandela xikan’we na mulwela-kulobye Cecil Williams ekusuhi na Howick . [ 131 ] . Swirho swaku tala swa MK a swi sola leswaku valawuri va tivisiwile mayelana na laha Mandela anga kona, hambileswi Mandela hi yexe anga nyika miehleketo leyi ku tshembheka kutsongo. [ 132 ] . Emalembeni yale ndzhaku, Donald Rickard, khale ka mudiplomati wa Amerika, u paluxe leswaku Central Intelligence Agency, leyi ayi chava ku tihlanganisa ka Mandela na makhomunisi, yi tivise maphorisa ya Afrika Dzonga hi ndhawu ya yena. [ 133 ] <ref>{{Cite web|date=15 May 2016|title=Ex-CIA spy admits tip led to Nelson Mandela's long imprisonment|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/15/cia-operative-nelson-mandela-1962-arrest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516104658/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/15/cia-operative-nelson-mandela-1962-arrest|archive-date=16 May 2016|accessdate=20 May 2016|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Loko a pfaleriwile ekhotsweni ra Marshall Square eJoni, Mandela u hehliwile hiku hlohlotela switereka swa vatirhi naku huma etikweni handle ka mpfumelelo. Loko a tiyimela na Slovo tani hi mutsundzuxi wa swa nawu, Mandela a kunguhate ku tirhisa nandzu lowu ku kombisa "ku kanetana ka mahanyelo ya ANC eka xihlawuhlawu" loko vaseketeri va kombisa ku vilela ehandle ka khoto. [ 135 ] . Loko a rhurhele ePitori, laha Winnie a nga n’wi endzela kona, u sungule tidyondzo ta mapapila leswaku a kuma digiri ya Bachelor of Laws (LLB) ku suka eYunivhesiti ya London International Programs . [ 136 ] . Ku tengiwa ka yena ku sungule hi October, kambe a kavanyete maendlelo hi ku ambala ''kaross'' ya ndhavuko, a ala ku vitana timbhoni tihi na tihi, naku cinca xikombelo xa yena xo hunguta nandzu xiva nkulumo ya tipolitiki. Hiku voniwa nandzu, u gweviwe ku tshama ekhotsweni malembe ya ntlhanu; loko a huma ekhoto, vaseketeri va yimbelele " Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika ". [ 137 ] . 4gpho22h65hm66n8xxbfyyp48u5xl5g 0 4785 43149 41971 2026-10-01T00:18:40Z Nayitisam 12493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375869623|Education]]" 43149 wikitext text/x-wiki       '''Dyondzo''' iku hundziseriwa ka [[vutivi]] na vuswikoti naku hluvukisa swihlawulekisi swa vumunhu . Dyondzo ya ximfumo yi humelela eka rimba ra nhlangano leri rhangeleke, ku fana na swikolo swa mfumo . Dyondzo leyi nga riki ya xivumbeko na yona yi hleriwile kambe yi humelela ahandle ka sisiteme ya xikolo xa ximfumo, kasi dyondzo leyi nga riki ya xivumbeko i dyondzo leyi nga hlelekangiki hi ku tirhisa mintokoto ya siku na siku. Dyondzo ya ximfumo na leyi nga riki ya xivumbeko yi avanyisiwile hi swiyimo leswi katsaka dyondzo ya vana va kondlo-a- ndzi-dyi, dyondzo yale hansi, dyondzo yale henhla, na dyondzo ya le henhla, Ku hlawuriwa kun’wana ku kongomisa eka ndlela yo dyondzisa, ku fana na dyondzo leyi kongomisiwaka eka mudyondzisi na leyi kongomisiwaka eka xichudeni, na eka mhaka, ku fana na dyondzo ya sayense, dyondzo ya ririmi, na dyondzo ya ku endla vutiolori . Rito "dyondzo" ri nga tlhela ri komba eka swiyimo swa miehleketo na timfanelo ta vanhu lava dyondzekeke na nsimu ya dyondzo leyi dyondzaka swiendleko swa dyondzo . Nhlamuselo leyi kongomeke ya dyondzo ya kanetiwa, na swona kuna ku nga twanani malunghana ni leswaku swikongomelo swa dyondzo i yini ni leswaku dyondzo yi hambanile ku fikela kwihi ni ku dyondzisa hi ku kurisa mianakanyo yo xopaxopa . Ku nga twanani loku ku khumba ndlela yo kuma, ku pima ni ku antswisa swivumbeko swa dyondzo. Kahle-kahle, dyondzo yi endla leswaku vana va tihlanganisa ni vanhu hi ku dyondzisa mimpimanyeto ni mikhuva ya ndhavuko . Yi va hlomisa hi vutshila lebyi lavekaka leswaku vava swirho leswi humelerisaka swa vaaki. Hi ndlela leyi, yi hlohlotela ku kula ka ikhonomi naswona yi hleketisa hi swiphiqo swa laha kaya ni swa misava hinkwayo . Tinhlengeletano leti hlelekeke ti khumba swiyenge swo tala swa dyondzo. Hi xikombiso, tihulumendhe ti veka milawu ya dyondzo leswaku ti kumisisa leswaku titlilasi ta xikolo ti humelela rini, leswi dyondzisiwaka, ni leswaku i mani loyi a nga nghenaka kumbe loyi a faneleke a nghena. Minhlangano ya matiko ya misava, ku fana na UNESCO, yi vile na nkucetelo eku tlakuseni ka dyondzo ya le hansi eka vadyondzi hinkwavo . Swilo swaku tala swi hlohlotela dyondzo leswaku yi humelela. Swilo swa ntivo-miehleketo swi katsa hlohlotela, vutlharhi ni vumunhu . Swilo swa ntshamisano, swo fana na xiyimo xa ikhonomi ya vaaki, rixaka ni [[rimbewu]], hakanyingi swi fambisana ni xihlawuhlawu . Swilo swin’wana swi katsa ku fikelela thekinoloji ya dyondzo, khwalithi ya vadyondzisi, na ku nghenelela ka vatswari . lnp2zwyns58827l5yb2911uxujnb99v 2 7529 42967 42686 2026-09-30T13:58:33Z Hlukani25 12469 42967 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[draft 4]] * [[Any topic|draft 5]] ljrieyeweulubnh55dpx9feqiu3bin9 43102 42967 2026-09-30T19:24:57Z Hlukani25 12469 43102 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Any topic|draft 5]] ni0v0uath3difrc1y5b13tmoea4az1m 43103 43102 2026-09-30T19:27:27Z Hlukani25 12469 43103 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * ayl5xtpktoalugz10a73o7i99je7e3k 43106 43103 2026-09-30T19:34:58Z Hlukani25 12469 43106 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Chela|draft 4]] gueid7s42yce1zgy7ex147xiidd445r 43110 43106 2026-09-30T19:53:01Z Hlukani25 12469 43110 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Chela|draft 4]]. * [[Mavonakule|Draft 5]] if9cm719vun3d84rxdtkwijnwrx90ow 43115 43110 2026-09-30T20:07:21Z Hlukani25 12469 43115 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Chela|draft 4]]. * [[Mavonakule|Draft 5]]* [[Kudzaha|Draft 6]] jdhrdala9ifo4o43weg1h46ij08p7i4 43122 43115 2026-09-30T20:23:27Z Hlukani25 12469 43122 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina I Hlukani25 [[Draft 1]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:Hlukani25/Draft 3|Draft 3]] * [[Chela|draft 4]]. * [[Mavonakule|Draft 5]]* [[Kudzaha|Draft 6]]* [[Ku pfinyiwa|Draft 7]] 9wl2k82ngj3zkgrlrwjqq79d8k8cgw5 43124 43122 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[[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] p82t3666ruwpmb6ygff6p3ie4xpzn9k 43068 43058 2026-09-30T17:09:51Z Teddy577 12465 43068 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] swaucst7931106c107hfcj1pcm67qtf 43078 43068 2026-09-30T17:28:08Z Teddy577 12465 43078 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] dpkd9h1uyrzrdtjp1m3kdrn6ziasgga 43083 43078 2026-09-30T17:59:09Z Teddy577 12465 43083 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] [[Draft 6 bullying|Draft 6]] 2l5pash96odo6ru9f4g5xf702arneqk 43090 43083 2026-09-30T18:27:15Z Teddy577 12465 43090 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu 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wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 8 bolo|Draft 8]] [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 9 ntlambhi|Draft 9]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft 10 rifu ra nghala|Draft 10]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] [[Draft 6 bullying|Draft 6]] [[Minsinya|Draft7]] scknd9i4ukm89pd2ypor0l4nkmh86kp 43119 43112 2026-09-30T20:16:19Z Teddy577 12465 43119 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 8 bolo|Draft 8]] [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 9 ntlambhi|Draft 9]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft 10 rifu ra nghala|Draft 10]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 11 ririmi|Draft 11]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] [[Draft 6 bullying|Draft 6]] [[Minsinya|Draft7]] 5q22gfco2crpvu5uebit3odlon069hc 43130 43119 2026-09-30T20:57:14Z Teddy577 12465 43130 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 8 bolo|Draft 8]] [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 9 ntlambhi|Draft 9]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft 10 rifu ra nghala|Draft 10]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 11 ririmi|Draft 11]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] [[Draft 12 movha wa mati|Draft 12]] [[Draft 6 bullying|Draft 6]] [[Minsinya|Draft7]] 0i8o9qct9haqtff55g13pg9yjcgfidu 43141 43130 2026-09-30T21:52:12Z Teddy577 12465 43141 wikitext text/x-wiki vitu ra mina i Teddy577 [[User:Teddy577/|Draft1]] * [[Draft 8 bolo|Draft 8]] [[Draft 2 Ximuwu|draft 2]] [[Draft 9 ntlambhi|Draft 9]] [[Draft 3 kuxavisa|Draft 3]] [[Draft 10 rifu ra nghala|Draft 10]] [[Draft4 xithembu|Draft4]] [[Draft 11 ririmi|Draft 11]] [[Draft 5 RDP|Draft 5]] [[Draft 12 movha wa mati|Draft 12]] [[Draft 6 bullying|Draft 6]] [[Draft 13 dyandza|Draft 13]] [[Minsinya|Draft7]] 1efqu12i0i7tdhtk4xnapkfcuryk1mh 0 7665 43144 40550 2026-09-30T22:11:29Z TaurusMargielyn 12495 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377727808|Dog]]" 43144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbyana''' ( '''''Canis familiaris''''' kumbe '''''Canis lupus familiaris''''' ) i ntukulu wa timhisi lowu fuyiwaka . Nakambe yi v'''uriwa mbyana ya le kaya''', yi fuyiwile hi nkarhi waku hlawula ka Pleistocene loyi anga hundza emisaveni hi vahloti-vahlengeleti . Timbyana na mpfundla wa manguva lawa wa grey wolf va avelana kokwa wa vona. <ref name="Perri-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Perri |first=Angela R. |last2=Feuerborn |first2=Tatiana R. |last3=Frantz |first3=Laurent A. F. |last4=Larson |first4=Greger |last5=Malhi |first5=Ripan S. |last6=Meltzer |first6=David J. |last7=Witt |first7=Kelsey E. |date=9 February 2021 |title=Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=118 |issue=6 |article-number=e2010083118 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11810083P |doi=10.1073/pnas.2010083118 |pmc=8017920 |pmid=33495362 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Timbyana akuri muxaka wosungula ku fuyiwa kutlula khume mune wa magidi wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, loko kungase hluvukisiwa vurimi, hambi leswi tidyondzo ta ti gene ti ringanyetaka leswaku endlelo ro fuyeriwa ringa sungula kutlula makume mbirhi ntlhanu wa magidi wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Hikwalaho ka ku tihlanganisa ka tona nkarhi wo leha ni vanhu, timbyana ti kume vuswikoti byo hanya kahle eka swakudya leswi fuweke hi starch leswi nga ta va swi nga ringanelanga eka ti- canid tin’wana . Timbyana ti fuyeriwe mahanyelo lama lavekaka, vuswikoti byo twa ni timfanelo ta miri. Tinxaka ta timbyana ta hambana swinene hi xivumbeko, vukulu na muhlovo. Ti ni nhlayo leyi fanaka ya marhambu (handle ka ncila), tinhlaya ta matimba leti nga ni meno ya kwalomu ka makume mune, ni switwi leswi kuleke kahle swa ku nun’hwetela, ku twa ni ku vona. Loko ti pimanisiwa ni vanhu, timbyana ti ni vuswikoti lebyi tlakukeke bya ku nun’hwetela ni ku twa, kambe ti ni vuswikoti bya le hansi bya ku vona . Timbyana ti endla mintirho yo tala eka vanhu, yo tanihi ku hlota, ku risa, ku koka mindzhwalo, ku sirhelela, ku va vanghana, vutshunguri, ku pfuna vanhu lava lamaleke ni ku pfuna maphorisa ni [[Timbyana leti nga enyimpini|masocha]] . f07tuqs5zi53q45inkt5gtc4tvu4li3 0 7676 43146 42353 2026-09-30T22:53:34Z TaurusMargielyn 12495 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377727900|School]]" 43146 wikitext text/x-wiki Xikolo i xivandla xa dyondzo (naswona, eka mhaka ya dyondzo ya munhu hi xiyexe, muako) lexi endleriweke ku nyika tindhawu to dyondza eka ku dyondzisa swichudeni, hi ntolovelo ehansi ka nkongomiso wa vadyondzisi. Matiko yo tala ya na maendlelo ya dyondzo ya ximfumo, leyi minkarhi yin’wana yi boha.[1] Eka tisisiteme leti, swichudeni swi ya emahlweni hi nxaxamelo wa swikolo leswi nga akiwa no fambisiwa hi minhlangano ya mfumo na ya phurayivhete. Mavito ya swikolo leswi ya hambana hi matiko (leswi xopaxopiweke eka xiyenge xa ​​marito ya Xifundzankulu laha hansi) kambe hi ntolovelo ya katsa xikolo xa le hansi xa vana lavatsongo na xikolo xa le henhla xa vantshwa lava heteke dyondzo ya le hansi. Xikolo lexi dyondzo ya le henhla yi dyondzisiwaka eka xona hi ntolovelo xi vuriwa kholichi ya le yunivhesiti kumbe yunivhesiti. artm0qac9ffgmb8hoco06djoveowwgc 2 7700 42958 42772 2026-09-30T13:00:25Z VanBestern 12517 42958 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i VanBestern [[User:VanBestern/Daft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:VanBestern/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Bikirhi|Daft 3]] - [[Petirolo|Draft 4]] [[Xikamu|Draft 5]] - [[Chokoleti|Draft 6]] 13lj5zshfbbj7p3lbluyfsd5ym3cqgu 42981 42958 2026-09-30T14:47:10Z VanBestern 12517 Ndzi tumbuluxe mpfapfarhuto wavu nkombo 42981 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i VanBestern [[User:VanBestern/Daft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:VanBestern/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Bikirhi|Daft 3]] - [[Petirolo|Draft 4]] [[Xikamu|Draft 5]] - [[Chokoleti|Draft 6]] [[Xipikiri|Draft 7]] 1p8o0hp2838htfim5z8i6d0vi9f199s 2 7709 42969 40648 2026-09-30T14:24:27Z GracaK 12512 42969 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - Draft 3 00zntuwjn3dqeo5p96g2wmgaxt3wi53 42970 42969 2026-09-30T14:26:01Z GracaK 12512 add ln 42970 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] 4vyg9tmokxaoz55ye8vxpk50lcujinr 42980 42970 2026-09-30T14:46:19Z GracaK 12512 42980 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - Draft 4 c6209qeodtyhn9wfce63mmtnp9sej76 42982 42980 2026-09-30T14:47:14Z GracaK 12512 42982 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] sidverw5btr2632jr3s6dfmz04dkzso 42994 42982 2026-09-30T15:05:28Z GracaK 12512 42994 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 k4umzzcvqu1k36e2kx58i0naden0ctj 42995 42994 2026-09-30T15:06:15Z GracaK 12512 42995 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 qwmd07xhlwv3qel7hs3nnsfbghw5t5h 42997 42995 2026-09-30T15:07:08Z GracaK 12512 42997 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 1xy14un74ggyhm43lvclglqt06fyy0a 42998 42997 2026-09-30T15:07:33Z GracaK 12512 42998 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 hbucr2lpycaxo8zwuni8ioqlxhmjgmt 42999 42998 2026-09-30T15:07:55Z GracaK 12512 42999 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 4xgtkdpu0ytswtb9lygo73beqclt3ft 43000 42999 2026-09-30T15:08:24Z GracaK 12512 43000 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 2x25d0ohbjyc3d3ep9qmxcrvpf1hqqp 43001 43000 2026-09-30T15:09:08Z GracaK 12512 43001 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 q1re74ijj7c4edf7ee1iwjorbuxzxvt 43003 43001 2026-09-30T15:09:35Z GracaK 12512 43003 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 euxngkoqmbu7pf6zdgkwno9mnq60vcb 43004 43003 2026-09-30T15:10:08Z GracaK 12512 43004 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 h7azo2tkr3a3015erim4gq2dwvgw14b 43005 43004 2026-09-30T15:10:48Z GracaK 12512 43005 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - Draft 5 - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 c1irt9brrvb57kgyg0en14hu1obq2wg 43006 43005 2026-09-30T15:11:27Z GracaK 12512 43006 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - Draft 6 - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 4i2b19gugjiidrttoc00ofidrg30x1n 43007 43006 2026-09-30T15:12:15Z GracaK 12512 43007 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - Draft 7 - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 inkukqyy6wsqc6q2ytdx8x12jzf2sl6 43009 43007 2026-09-30T15:12:54Z GracaK 12512 43009 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - Draft 8 - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 kcsos81vu3buahgm28ic7i5mn2bkpku 43010 43009 2026-09-30T15:13:41Z GracaK 12512 43010 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - Draft 9 - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 oejf96ppp78qf8ju5cd3w9llcuwd4zr 43011 43010 2026-09-30T15:14:15Z GracaK 12512 43011 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - Draft 10 - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 9omlv0x05cvfhal8nw9j7hph5mxf5du 43012 43011 2026-09-30T15:14:51Z GracaK 12512 43012 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 10|Draft 10]] - Draft 11 - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 qun19yppxhphlzxizxtzeuxi3om3xea 43014 43012 2026-09-30T15:15:28Z GracaK 12512 43014 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 10|Draft 10]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 11|Draft 11]] - Draft 12 - Draft 13 - Draft 14 bkkesiqx0v1gm0g9wbxnak3hsa1n63m 43015 43014 2026-09-30T15:16:00Z GracaK 12512 43015 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 10|Draft 10]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 11|Draft 11]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 12|Draft 12]] - Draft 13 - Draft 14 cvktij9wex57sgsrsjb2ile8cw8uhva 43016 43015 2026-09-30T15:16:31Z GracaK 12512 43016 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 10|Draft 10]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 11|Draft 11]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 12|Draft 12]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 13|Draft 13]] - Draft 14 9euka8cbzts26f0mqiftijahsxc9qhe 43018 43016 2026-09-30T15:17:01Z GracaK 12512 43018 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i GracaK [[User:GracaK/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 3|Draft 3]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 4|Draft 4]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 5|Draft 5]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 6|Draft 6]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 7|Draft 7]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 8|Draft 8]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 9|Draft 9]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 10|Draft 10]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 11|Draft 11]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 12|Draft 12]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 13|Draft 13]] - [[User:GracaK/Draft 14|Draft 14]] p39264krsc6m8npsqrlevk4ukt90rlq 2 7713 43023 42825 2026-09-30T15:37:19Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43023 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[SHAMAIN/Draft8|Draft8]] 66w3te2uxwdm4f67ad4ne7xuf23umye 43025 43023 2026-09-30T15:44:04Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43025 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] 0i4j494od23u6l23dyg1zvgo77w8rop 43026 43025 2026-09-30T15:45:31Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43026 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] 73swuffcdbxmmngnnnwzrx64lp4lykd 43027 43026 2026-09-30T15:46:43Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43027 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] n4vjx9ay1st7ekf1c2h0haw34hcbq0j 43029 43027 2026-09-30T15:48:34Z SHAMAIN22 12526 ndzi paluxe papila 43029 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] ptf2izhbei71i0j6usr92tob1j2aami 43031 43029 2026-09-30T15:49:40Z SHAMAIN22 12526 ndzi paluxe papila 43031 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] nof3y4j1fain1b93gknbb3pwnvywzf7 43032 43031 2026-09-30T15:51:44Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43032 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2 |Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3 |Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] 75yvtgt44h1xue3sk3p7qnlum61ob33 43033 43032 2026-09-30T15:53:30Z SHAMAIN22 12526 ndzi paluxe papila ramina ra article 43033 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2 |Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3 |Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] 4628qut8nq5mh0a22l1wn5eezil24tb 43034 43033 2026-09-30T15:55:32Z SHAMAIN22 12526 Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina 43034 wikitext text/x-wiki VITO RA MINA I SHAMAIN [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 2 |Draft 2]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:SHAMAIN22/Draft 7|Draft 7]] a3pwagxd4wqriwk2unu9x0smfrrdzvp 2 7718 43092 42937 2026-09-30T18:33:23Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Ndzi tumbuluxe nhlokomhaka 43092 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i PhumlaniMabasa [[User:PhumlaniMabasa/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:PhumlaniMabasa/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[Vulombe|Draft 3]] - [[Xidzidziharhi-Nhovolo|Draft 4]] - [[N'wachu-Hanci|Draft 5]] - [[Xibalesa|Draft 6]] ouq0vyrc3yevvng78y1kyo65lpfu1h0 43128 43092 2026-09-30T20:45:00Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Ndzi tumbuluxe nhlokomhaka 43128 wikitext text/x-wiki Vito ra mina i PhumlaniMabasa [[User:PhumlaniMabasa/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:PhumlaniMabasa/Draft 2|Draft 2]] - [[Vulombe|Draft 3]] - [[Xidzidziharhi-Nhovolo|Draft 4]] - [[N'wachu-Hanci|Draft 5]] - [[Xibalesa|Draft 6]] - [[Mbilu|Draft 7]] ok9jc9a77f9m1hl74u7e5274iausiyf 0 7831 43098 41228 2026-09-30T18:59:29Z NKaTEKOCLAWs 12529 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370697755|Guava]]" 43098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guava_pink_fruit.jpg|thumb| Guava na xilayi]] '''Gwava''' ( /ˈ ɡ w ɑː v ə / GWAH -və ), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/guava|accessdate=20 August 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> leri tivekaka tani hi ‘gwava-piyere’ eka tindzhawu to hambana hambana, i mihandzu leyi tolovelekeke ya tropical leyi byariwaka eka tindhawu to tala ta tropical na subtropical. <ref name="Morton-1987">{{Cite web|last=Morton JF|year=1987|title=Guava|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/guava.html|accessdate=24 April 2015|website=Fruits of Warm Climates|publisher=[[Purdue University]]|pages=356–363}}</ref> Guava leyi tolovelekeke ''[[Mugwava|Psidium guajava]]'' (lamula guava, apula gwava) i nsinya lowuntsongo eka ndyangu wa myrtle ( Myrtaceae ), lowu tumbulukaka e [[Meksiko|Mexico]], Central America, Caribbean nale n’walungwini wa Amerika Dzonga . <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Hi ku ya hi swimilana, ti- gwava i mihandzu . [[File:Guava_fruit_tree.jpg|thumb]] Vito ra guava ritlhela ri nyikiwa tinxaka tin’wana eka muxaka wa ''Psidium'', kufana na sitruwuberi gwava ( ''Psidium cattleyanum'' ) na gwava ra ti xihenga, ''Feijoa sellowiana'' . Hi 2024, vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo bya magwava va hlanganise magoza na ti mangosteens ) akuri 62 miliyoni ta mali, leswi nga rhangela hi [[Indiya|India]] leyingana 45% wa ntsengo hinkwawo. == Ntivo-vutomi bya rito == Rito leri nge ''gwava'' ri vonaka ri tirhisiwe ku sukela exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 . <ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary-2022">{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Guava|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/guava|accessdate=2 September 2022|website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}</ref> Vito leri ri huma eka Taino, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Guayaba|url=http://etimologias.dechile.net/?guayaba|website=deChile.net}}</ref> ririmi ra Vaarawak, tanihi {{Lang|arw|guayabo}} eka ''murhi wa gwava'' hi ku tirhisa [[Xipaniya]] eka {{Lang|es|guayaba}} . <ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary-2022" /> Ri cinciwile hi tindzimi to tala ta le Yuropa ni ta le Asia, ri ri ni xivumbeko lexi fanaka. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> == Masungulo na ku hangalaka == Magwava masungule kusuka eka ndhawu leyi ku ehleketiwaka leswaku yisuka eMexico, Central America kumbe n’walungu wa South America kuya eka ndzhawu hinkwayo ya Caribbean. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=''Psidium guajava'' (guava)|url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45141|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=CABI: Invasive Species Compendium}}</ref> <ref name="Clement-2005">{{Cite book |last=Clement |first=Charles R. |date=2005 |title=The Cultural History of Plants |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415927463 |editor-last=Prance |editor-first=Ghillean |page=93 |editor-last2=Nesbitt |editor-first2=Mark}}</ref> Tindzhawu ta vuyimburi ePeru ti humese vumbhoni bya ku byariwa ka guava kusukela hi 2500&nbsp;BC. <ref name="Clement-2005" /> Magwava ma amukeriwile tani hi xibyariwa eka subtropical na tropical Asia, swiphemu swa United States (Florida na Hawaii), tropical Africa na Oceania. <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Ti guavas ti nghenisiwile e Florida hi lembe xidzana ravu 19 <ref name="Morton-1987" /> naswona ma byariwa kona kuya fika en'walungwini wa Sarasota, Chipley, Waldo na Fort Pierce . Hambiswiritano, i muhaxi wo sungula wa Caribbean fruit fly naswona tifanele ku sirheleriwa eka ku hlaseriwa eka tindzhawu ta Florida laha xitsotswana lexi xinga kona. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Boning |first=Charles R. |year=2006 |title=Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines |publisher=Pineapple Press, Inc. |isbn=1-56164-372-6 |location=Sarasota, Florida |page=99}}</ref> Magwava ma byariwa ematikweni yo hlayanyana ya tropical na subtropical . <ref name="Morton-1987" /> <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Tinxaka to hlaya ti byariwa hi ndlela yo xavisa; apula gwava na ti cultivars ta yona hi tona leti xavisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni hinkwayo. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Ti gwavas titlhela ti mila edzonga vupela dyambu bya Europe, ngopfu ngopfu e Costa del Sol e Málaga (Spain) nale Greece laha magwava manga byariwa hiku xavisiwa kusukela exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ravu 20 naswona ti andza tani hi ti cultivars. <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Misinya leyi vupfeke ya tinxaka totala yikota ku tiyisela swinene eka xixika naswona yinga hanya hi ximumu lawa ya titimelaka nyana kutlula {{Convert|25|F|C}} kuringana nkarhi wo koma, kambe swimilani leswintsongo swinga endleka swititimela kuya ehansi. <ref name="Sauls-1998">{{Cite web|last=Sauls JW|date=December 1998|title=Home fruit production – Guava|url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/guava.htm|accessdate=2012-04-17|publisher=Texas A&M Horticulture Program}}</ref> Magwava ma tsakela eka vabyari vale makaya eka tindzhawu ta le matiko xikaya tofana na India, tani hi yin’wana ya mihandzu nyana ya misava ya kahle leyi nga kulaka kuya eka vukulu bya mihandzu eka swibyariwa endzeni ka yindlu. Loko yi byariwa kusuka eka mbewu, misinya ya guava yinga tswala mihandzu eka malembe mambirhi, naswona yinga ya emahlweni yi endla tano kuringana makume mune wa malembe. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> == Tinxaka == Muxaka lowu dyiwaka ngopfu, naswona lowu talaka ku vuriwa ntsena tani hi "magwava", i apula gwava ( ''[[Mugwava|Psidium guajava]]'' ). Magwava i Myrtoideae leti tolovelekeke, letingana matluka yo tiya ya ntima yo tika lawa ya hambaneke, yo olova, ya makluka kuya eka ovate, na {{Convert|5|–|15|cm|in}} ku leha. Swiluva swa kona i swo basa, swi ni swiluva swa ntlhanu ni swiphepherhele swo tala . Mihandzu ya kona i mihandzu leyi nga ni mbewu yo tala . <ref name="Judd-2002">{{Cite book |last=Judd |first=WS |year=2002 |title=Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach |url=https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398 |last2=Campbell |first2=CS |last3=Kellogg |first3=EA |last4=Stevens |first4=PF |last5=Donoghue |first5=MJ |publisher=Sinauer Associates, Inc. |isbn=0878934030 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398 398–399]}}</ref><gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Guava_flowers_(6700015761).jpg|alt=Apple guava flower| Xiluva xa gwava ra apula File:Psidium_guajava_fruit.jpg|alt=White guava| Gwava ro basa File:ARS_HPSI41.jpg|alt='Thai maroon' guava, a red apple guava cultivar| ‘Thai maroon’ gwava, muxaka wa guava ra apula ro tshwuka </gallery> [[File:White-cheeked_Barbet_Guava_DSC8751.jpg|thumb| Barbet ya marhama yo basa yi dya gwava]] Tinxaka ta ''Psidium'' ti dyiwa hi switsotswana swa Lepidoptera yin’wana, ngopfu ngopfu switsotswana swofana na Ello Sphinx ( ''Erinnyis ello'' ), ''Eupseudosoma aberrans'', ''E.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwxw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>involutum'', na ''Hypercompe icasia'' . Mites, kufana na ''Pronematus pruni'' na ''Tydeus munsteri'', switiveka tani hi switsotswana swa swibyariwa swa [[Mugwava|apple guava]] ( ''[[Mugwava|P.&nbsp;guajava]]'' ) naswona kumbexana tinxaka tin’wana. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Xitsongwatsongwana xa ''Erwinia psidii'' xivanga mavabyi yo bola ya apple guava. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pomini AM |last2=Manfio GP |last3=Araújo WL |last4=Marsaioli AJ. |year=2005 |title=Acyl-homoserine lactones from ''Erwinia psidii'' R. IBSBF 435T, a guava phytopathogen (''Psidium guajava'' L.) |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf050586e |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |volume=53 |issue=16 |pages=6262–6265 |bibcode=2005JAFC...53.6262P |doi=10.1021/jf050586e |pmid=16076103 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mihandzu leyi yi byariwa naswona yi tsakeriwa hi vanhu, naswona swiharhi swin’wana swotala swofana na swinyenyani swayi dya, swi hangalasa mbewu hiku olova eka manyoro ya swona. Le Hawaii ku ni guava ya strawberry ( ''P.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw4w">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>littorale'' ) yi hundzuke muxaka wa swimilana lowu hlaselaka hi tihanyi lowu xungetaka ku herisiwa eka tinxaka tin’wana to tlula 100 ta swimilana. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Price J|date=14 June 2008|title=Strawberry guava's hold has proven devastating|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/06/14/editorial/commentary.html|accessdate=7 December 2014|website=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Leveling the Playing Field in Hawai'i's Native Forests|url=http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215065428/http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2014|accessdate=7 December 2014|publisher=Conservation Council for Hawai‘i}}</ref> Kuhambana na sweswo, tinxaka to hlaya ta ti guava ti hundzuke letinga tala hikokwalaho ka ku onhiwa ka tindzhawu ta vutshamo naswona kwalomu ka yin’we (Jamaican guava, ''P.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw8Q">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>dumetorum'' ) se yi herile. Tihunyi ta gwava titirhisiwa eka ku tswonga nyama e Hawaii, naswona titirhisiwa eka mphikizano wa barbecue e United States hinkwayo. Le Cuba nale Mexico, matluka ya tirhisiwa eka ti barbecue. Mihandzu ya gwava, hi ntolovelo{{Convert|4|to|12|cm|in}} long, i xirhendzevutani kumbe oval kuya hi muxaka wa tona. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Tina nun’hwelo lowu vonakaka naswona lowu tolovelekeke, lowu fanaka na madzovo ya lamula kambe yanga tlhavi ngopfu. Nkumba wa le handle wu nga ha va wu khwaxa, hakanyingi wu ri ni nantswo wo bava, kumbe wu olova ni ku nandziha. Kuhambana exikarhi ka tinxaka, nhlonge yingava na vukulu byihi na byihi, hi ntolovelo yiva ya rihlaza loko yinga se vupfa, kambe yingava yotshuka, maroon kumbe ya rihlaza loko yivupfile. Pulp yale ndzeni yingava yiri yo tsokombela kumbe yotshuka naswona yiva off-white ("white" guavas) kuya eka deep pink ("red" guavas). Mbewu eka pulp yale xikarhi ya hambana hi nhlayo xikan’we naku tiya, kuya hi tinxaka. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> {| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:12em; text-align:center" |+Vuhumelerisi bya guava*<br /><br /><br /><br /> 2024, millions of tonnes<br /><br /><br /><br /> | India | 27.8 |- | Indonesia | 4.1.1 |- | China | 4.1.1 |- | Mexico | 2.6 |- | Brazil | 2.4 |- | Pakistan | 2.1.1 |- | '''Misava''' | '''62.2.2''' |- | colspan="2" | *includes mangoes and mangosteens. Source: FAOSTAT ya Nhlangano wa Matiko <ref name="faostat">{{Cite web|date=2026|title=Production of guavas in 2024; Pick lists by Crops/Regions/Production Quantity/Year|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|accessdate=22 April 2026|publisher=United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database}}</ref> |} == Humelerisa == Hi 2024, vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo bya ti guavas akuri 62 million tonnes, leswinga rhangela hi India laha kungana 45% wa ntsengo hinkwawo (tafula; [[Manghozi|ti mango]] na ti mangosteens swikatsiwile). Vahumelerisi va vumbirhi akuri [[Indonesia]] na China. == Matirhiselo ==   Le Mexico ni le matikweni man’wana ya le Latin Amerika, swakunwa leswi nga agua fresca hakanyingi swi endliwa hi guava. Mihandzu hinkwayo i xiaki xa nkoka eka punch, naswona juzi ya yona yi tala ku tirhisiwa eka ti- sauce to sweka (yo hisa kumbe yo titimela), ti- ales, swilo swo sweka, swakudya swo olova leswi omisiweke, tibara ta mihandzu ni ti- dessert, kumbe ku cheriwa eka chamoy . ''Pulque de guayaba'' ("guayaba" i Spanish for guava) i swakunwa leswi tolovelekeke swa xihoko eka tindzhawu leti. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Onstott |first=Jane |date=2010 |title=National Geographic Traveler: Mexico |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000onst |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=9781426205248 |page=[https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000onst/page/36 36] |language=en |quote=aguas frescas national geographic. |url-access=registration}}</ref>  Ematikweni yo tala, guava yi dyiwa yi nga swekiwanga, hi ntolovelo yi tsemiwa yi va tikotara kutani yi dyiwa ku fana ni apula; yitlhela yi dyiwa na xiphemu xa munyu na phepha, cayenne powder kumbe ku hlanganisiwa ka swipayisisi (masala) . Le Philippines, ku tirhisiwa guava leyi vupfeke loko ku swekiwa ''sinigang'' . Guava i swakudya swo olova eCuba tanihi <nowiki><i id="mwAVU">pastelitos de guayaba</i></nowiki> ; naswona eTaiwan, a yi xavisiwa emakhoneni yo tala ya switarata ni le timakete ta vusiku hi nkarhi wa maxelo yo hisa, yi fambisana ni tiphakiti ta phoyizeni ya plum leyi omisiweke leyi pfanganisiweke ni chukela ni munyu leswaku yi ta nyuperisiwa. Evuxeni bya Asia, guava yitala ku dyiwa na swihlanganisi swa plum powder leyi omisiweke yo tsokombela na yo tshwuka. Juzi ya guava yi dyiwa ematikweni yo tala. Mihandzu leyi na yona yitala ku katsiwa eka ti salads ta mihandzu. Hikwalaho ka mpimo wa yona wa le henhla wa pectin, ti guavas ti tirhisiwa ngopfu ku endla swilo swo sweka, swilo leswi hlayisiweke, ti jelly, tijamu, na ti marmalades (swo tanihi ''goiabada'' ya le Brazil na ''bocadillo'' ya le Colombia na Venezuela ), naswona tanihi jamu ya marmalade leyi phameriwaka eka toast. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Magwava lawo shwuka manga tirhisiwa tani hi xisekelo xa switirhisiwa leswinga na munyu swofana na ti sauces, ku siva matamatisi, ngopfu ngopfu ku hunguta acid. Swakunwa swinga endliwa kusuka eka ku cheriwa ka mihandzu ya gwava na matluka, leswi eBrazil swivuriwaka ''chá-de-goiabeira'', i.e., "tiya" ya matluka ya nsinya wa guava. Gwava leri ri tolovelekeke leyi nga swekiwangiki i 81% wa mati, 14% wa tikhabohaydreti, 3% wa tiphrotheyini, na 0.5% wa mafurha (tafula). Hi nhlayo ya xikombo ya {{Convert|100|g}}, gwava yoka yinga swekiwanga yi phakela {{Convert|285|kJ|kcal}} ya matimba ya swakudya naswona i xihlovo lexi fuweke xa fibre ya swakudya na vitamin C (254% ya Daily Value, DV), na ti levele to ringanela ta folate (12% DV) na potassium (14% DV, tafula). Guava yoka yinga swekiwanga yina lycopene (tafula). == Tikhemikhali ta swimilana == Matluka ya gwava yana ti carotenoids na polyphenols, kufana na (+)-gallocatechin na leucocyanidin . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seshadri |first=TR |last2=Vasishta |first2=K |year=1965 |title=Polyphenols of the leaves of psidium guava—quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=989–92 |bibcode=1965PChem...4..989S |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86281-0}}</ref> Tani hileswi tin’wana ta ti phytochemicals leti ti humesaka nhlonge ya mihandzu na muhlovo wa nyama, ti guavas letinga red-orange titala kuva na polyphenol na carotenoid yotala kutlula letinga yellow-green. === Mafurha ya mbewu === Mafurha ya mbewu ya magwava manga tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swa culinary kumbe sasekisa . Yi fuwile hi linoleic acid . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kobori CN |last2=Jorge N |year=2005 |title=Caracterização dos óleos de algumas sementes de frutas como aproveitamento de resíduos industriais |trans-title=Characterization of some seed oils from fruits for utilization of industrial residues |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cagro/v29n5/a14v29n5.pdf |journal=Ciênc Agrotec |language=pt |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=108–14 |doi=10.1590/S1413-70542005000500014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Vutshunguri bya vanhu == Kusukela hiva 1950s, magwava – ngopfu ngopfu matluka – ya kamberiwile eka swiaki swa tona, swivumbeko swa biological leswinga vaka kona xikan’we na matimu eka vutshunguri bya vanhu . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Boer |first=HJ |last2=Cotingting |first2=C |year=2014 |title=Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in southeast Asia: a meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology |journal=J Ethnopharmacol |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=747–67 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030 |pmid=24269772}}</ref> == Switsotswana leswi nga ni switsotswana == Magwava i man’wana ya ti apula lema tolovelekeke eka mihandzu to fana na ''A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAZY">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>suspensa'', leyi vekaka tandza ra yona eka ti guava leti vupfeke ngopfu kumbe leti onhakeke. Kutani switsotswana swa tinyenyana leti swidya mihandzu kufikela loko swikota kuya emahlweni kuya eka xiteji xa pupa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Whervin |first=L. Walter |date=1974-03-01 |title=Some Fruitflies (Tephritidae) in Jamaica |journal=PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.1080/09670877409412331 |issn=0030-7793}}</ref> Ku va ni switsotswana leswi swi endle leswaku matiko ya le Amerika Xikarhi ma lahlekeriwa hi timiliyoni ta ikhonomi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baranowski |first=Richard |last2=Glenn |first2=Holly |last3=Sivinski |first3=John |date=1993-06-01 |title=Biological Control of the Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) |journal=The Florida Entomologist |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=245 |bibcode=1993FlEnt..76..245B |doi=10.2307/3495721 |issn=0015-4040 |jstor=3495721 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ti fungal pathogens, ''Neopestalotiopsis'' na ''Pestalotiopsis'' species i swivangelo swa guava scab e Colombia. <ref name="Solarte-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Solarte |first=F. |last2=Munoz |first2=C.G. |last3=Maharachchikumbura |first3=S.S.N. |last4=Alvarez |first4=E. |date=2018 |title=Diversity of ''Neopestalotiopsis'' and ''Pestalotiopsis'' spp., causal agents of guava scab in Colombia. |journal=Plant Disease |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |bibcode=2018PlDis.102...49S |doi=10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE |hdl=10568/89977 |pmid=30673452 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Air layering i ndlela leyi tirhaka yaku hangalasa ximilani xa gwava. Swipfumelela ku humelerisiwa ka swimilani leswintshwa loko swirikarhi swihlayisa swihlawulekisi swa ximilani xa mutswari. Endlelo leri ri katsa ku hlawula rhavi leri hanyeke kahle ku endla xiphemu lexintsongo eka rhavi, naku chela matitwelo yo dzima timintsu ku hlohletela kukula ka timintsu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=February 8, 2024|title=A Step-by-Step Guide to Propagating Guava Plants Through Air Layering|url=https://gardeningaction.com/a-step-by-step-guide-to-propagating-guava-plants-through-air-layering/|website=Plants & Gardens}}</ref> Kutani rhavi ri phutseriwe hi peat moss leyi tsakamaka kutani ri funengetiwa hi plastiki ku pfuneta ku hlayisa ndzhongho. Endzhaku ka mavhiki yo hlaya, timintsu tita vumbiwa, kutani ximilani lexintshwa xinga tsemiwa eka mutswari kutani xi byariwa emisaveni. Ndlela leyi yi pfuna ngopfu eka gwava hikokwalaho ka ku humelela ka yona lokukulu xikan’we na vuswikoti byo humelerisa swimilani leswi tswalaka mihandzu hiku hatlisa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Reddy|first=Jagdish|date=September 6, 2022|title=A Guide to Understand Guava Plant/Tree Propagation: Check How this Guide Helps Guava Farmers|url=https://www.agrifarming.in/a-guide-to-understand-guava-plant-tree-propagation-check-how-this-guide-helps-guava-farmers#|website=www.agrifarming.in}}</ref> == Gallery ya swifaniso == <gallery> File:Goya_blancs.JPG|alt=Yellow-fruited cherry guava, (sometimes called lemon guava) Psidium littorale var. littorale| Cherry gwava ya mihandzu yo tshwuka, (minkarhi yin’wana yi vuriwa lemon guava) ''Psidium littorale'' var. ''littorale ya xirhendzevutani'' File:Starr_031002-0033_Psidium_cattleianum.jpg|alt=Strawberry guava, Psidium littorale var. cattleyanum| Gwava ya xitluka, ''Psidium litorale'' var. ''cattleyanum ya tihomu'' File:Rotten_guava_in_Bangladesh.jpg|alt=A rotten guava| Gwava leyi boleke File:Guava_oil.JPG|alt=Guava seed oil| Mafurha ya mbewu ya guava </gallery> == Nakambe vona == * Myrteae, rixaka leri nga na guava na swimilani leswi yelanaka swinene leswingana mihandzu ya nyama. {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gwava]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bscqknshz5owoyrjpd0xi9g8ke9t3i3 0 7860 43070 42568 2026-09-30T17:11:50Z GracaK 12512 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376649065|Leopard]]" 43070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yingwe''' ('''''''Panthera'' pardus''''') i yin'wana ya tinxaka ta ntlhanu ta swimanga leti nga kona eka ntlawa wa Panthera. Yi na voya bya xitshopana ku ya eka bya ntima bya nsuku na swivati swa ntima leswi hlanganisiweke hi Ti-rosette. Miri wa yona wo lala naswona wu ni misiha, wu lehe ku fika eka 92-183 cm (36-72 in) na 66-102 cm (26-40 in) ku leha ka ncila na makatla mo leha ku fika eka 60-70 in). Ya xinuna hi ntolovelo yi tika 30.9-72, kasi ya xisati i 20.5-43. . ezfifg7wjxvkqh1gyr7lawuphdum3qt 0 7986 42968 42546 2026-09-30T14:18:39Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377521251|Lamine Yamal]]" 42968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana''' [ A ] (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 13 Nhlangula 2007), loyi hi ntolovelo a tivekaka tani hi '''Lamine Yamal''' kumbe '''Yamal''',i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali ahumaka Spain loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wa xinene eka xipano xa La Liga xa Barcelona na xipano xa tiko ra Spain . U tekiwa ngopfu tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi lavanene emisaveni. [ C ] . Yamal ari xirho eka xikolo xa vantshwa xa Barcelona, La Masia, loko anga se joyina xipano xosungula eka sizini ya 2023–24 ari na malembe ya khumentlhanu. Loko ari na malembe ya khumekombo, u hlawuriwile tani hi mutlangi lontsongo eka Ballon d’Or, naswona hi 2024 na 2025 u hlulile Kopa Trophy, leyi nyiki hluliwaka hi mutlangi lontsongo anga tlanga kahle ku tlula hikwavo emisaveni. Ehansi ka mufambisi Hansi Flick, Yamal u pfune Barcelona ku hlula eka ku wina swidlodlo swi nharhu swa laha kaya hi nguva ya 2024–25 : La Liga, Copa del Rey na Supercopa de España . Barcelona yi hlayise xidlodlo xa La Liga eka nguva ya 2025–26, laha Yamal a nga hlawuriwa tani hi Mutlangi wa La Liga wa Nguva . Loko ari na malembe ya 18, u hetelele tani hi muwini wa vumbirhi eka 2025 Ballon d’Or . Yamal u tlangele Spain emisaveni hinkwayo eka swiyimo swo hambana swa vantshwa naswona u endle ntlangu wa yena wo sungula eka xipano xa le henhla hi 2023, a va mutlangi lontsongo ku tlula hinkwavo ku yimela tiko hi malembe ya khumentsevu.Hi lembe ra 2024, u vile mutlangi lontsongo ku howisa xikoro eka UEFA European Championship,a kuma sagwadi ra Mutlangi Lontsongo tani hi leswi Spain yi fikeleleke xidlodlo xa yona xa vumune ,Eka ntlangu wo sungula wa Yamal wa Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA hi 2026,u hlule xidlodlo xa yena xo sungula xa Khapu ya Misava. [[Category:Living people]] fpoqmyi5z8easoea2hnpurlgtyiciyi 0 8267 43008 42832 2026-09-30T15:12:40Z MissJesus 12475 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377213171|Cheetah]]" 43008 wikitext text/x-wiki Xikakaka ('''''''Acinonyx'' jubatus''''') i muxaka wa ximanga lexikulu. Xikakaka i xiharhi lexi hlongorisaka, i xiharhi xa le misaveni lexi nga ni rivilo swinene, lexi kotaka ku tsutsuma hi rivilo ra 93-104 wa tikhilomitara ; xi hundzukile hi rivilo, xi ni misiha ya matimba ya milenge ya le ndzhaku. Xikakaka xi na voya byo basa byo tshwuka ku ya eka byo tshwuka kumbe byo kwalala lebyi nga ni swivati swa ntima leswi hambanisiweke hi ku ringana. Nhloko ya yona i yitsongo naswona i xirhendzevutana, yi ni nhompfu yo koma naswona yi ni mintila ya ntima yo fana ni mihloti. Yi lehe 67-94 emakatleni, naswona ku ka nhloko na miri ku le xikarhi .1 na 1.5 in na 4 ft 11 in). Vanhu lavakulu va tika exikarhi ka 21 and 65 . o2uyibkwzgucx7zhzd7n6wfvt4i9bgn 0 8291 43152 42892 2026-10-01T06:09:35Z Ziv 11245 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Yingwe.jpg]] → [[File:African leopard male (cropped).jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:African leopard male (cropped).jpg]] 43152 wikitext text/x-wiki Yingwe i leyintsongo swinene eka tikati letikulu, leyi tivekaka hi xiharhi xa matimba, xo tika, xiharhi xo koma, na ncila wo leha lowu pfunetaka ku ringanisela. Voya bya tona byo olova byi hambana hi mihlovo kusuka eka biraweni wo vonakela kule. Jazi leri ri khavisiwile hi swivati ​​swa ntima leswi endlaka mintlawa yo hlawuleka endzhaku na le matlhelo, kasi swivati ​​leswi tiyeke swi funengeta nhloko, nkolo, na swirho.<ref>https://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/leopard-facts</ref> Ti [melanistic leopards], leti talaka ku tina muhlovo wa ntima lowu fihlaka swivati ​​swa tona, hambi leswi ti [rosettes] ti talaka ku vonaka eka ku voninga ko karhi. Tikati leti ti akeriwe ku hatlisa; tinga tlula 20 wa timitara hiku olova na 10 wa timitara hiku yima, naswona tikota ku fikelela rivilo ra kwalomu ka 40 wa tikhilomitara hi awara. Hi ntolovelo ta xinuna letikulu ti tika exikarhi ka 80 na 150 wa ti phawundi, kasi ta xisati i titsongo, kusuka eka 60 kuya eka 100 wa ti phawundi Tiyingwe i vahloti lava nga voxe, lava lavaka nkarhi lava nga ni swakudya leswi cinca-cincaka hi ndlela leyi hlamarisaka. Ti dya tiphrotheyini hi kwalomu ka xivumbeko xin’wana ni xin’wana, ku sukela eka switsotswana leswitsongo ku ya eka ti- antelope letikulu leti phindhiweke kambirhi hi vukulu bya tona. Hambileswi muxaka lowu wu nga generalist, vanhu hakanyingi va hundzuka vativi, va dzikisa mianakanyo ya vona eka swiharhi swo karhi leswi dyaka leswi kumekaka ensin’wini ya vona.<ref>https://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/leopard-facts</ref> [[File:African leopard male (cropped).jpg|right]] == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == 1<ref>https://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/leopard-facts</ref>https://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/leopard-facts [[Category:Yingwe]] 76xk3mxyhqj406reoilr0kwb566w4xa 0 8313 43151 42947 2026-10-01T06:08:21Z Ziv 11245 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Nkuzi.jpg]] → [[File:Taureau charolais au pré.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Taureau charolais au pré.jpg]] 43151 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkuzi Tinkunzi i tihomu ta xinuna letikulu, leti tiyeke I xiphemu xa muxaka lowu tivekaka tani hi (Bos taurus), leyi talaka ku fuyiwa hikwalaho ka matimba ya yona, vuhumelerisi bya masi, na nyama. Tinkunzi tinga kumeka emisaveni hinkwayo, ngopfu ngopfu emapurasini yale matikweni yofana na United States, India na Brazil. Xana a wu swi tiva? Tinkunzi ti ni vumunhu byo hlawuleka! Hambileswi ti nga olovaka, kambe ti tlhela ti sirhelela. Ku leha ka tona kungava kwalomu ka 5 kuya eka 6 wa timitara hiku leha naswona tinga tika exikarhi ka 1,000 kuya eka 2,000 wa ti pounds, Ku ni mixaka yo hambana-hambana ya tinkunzi, yin’wana ni yin’wana yi ni timfanelo to hlawuleka Tinxaka tin'wana leti dumeke ti katsa Hereford, leyi tivekaka hi xikandza xo basa, na Angus, leyi dumeke hi nyama ya yona yo nandziha ya homu. Muxaka wa Holstein, lowu dumeke hi swivati ​​swa wona swa ntima na swo basa, i muxaka wa masi lowu humesaka masi yotala. Tinkunzi ta biramani, letingana ti (humps) ta tona letikulu, titiveka hiku tiyisela maxelo yo hisa. Tinxaka tin'wana to fana na( Charolais na Limousin )titsakeriwa ngopfu e Europe hi vukulu bya tona na khwalithi ya kahle ya nyama. Muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wuna matimba na swihlawulekisi swa wona.<ref>https://www.diy.org/article/bull</ref> Tinkunzi ti tlanga xiave xa nkoka emapurasini ,Ehandle ka ku tirhisiwa eka ku humelerisa nyama ya homu, na swona swina nkoka eka ku fuwa. Van’wamapurasi vatala ku hlawula tinkunzi ta matimba kuva ti hlangana na tihomu kuva va tumbuluxa marhole lawa ya hanyeke kahle. Tinkunzi tin’wana ti leteriwile ku pfuneta eka ntirho wo tika, ku fana na ku koka swikomu. I swa nkoka kuva na tinkunzi ta khwalithi kuva ti antswisa swifuwo swa swifuwo! Van’wamapurasi vatlhela va lawula tinkunzi hi vukheta, va ti hlayisa ti hlayisekile naswona tiri na rihanyo kutiyisisa leswaku tinga hanya vutomi byo gingiriteka, lebyi humelerisaka emapurasini. Mapurasi emisaveni hinkwayo ya titshege hi tinkunzi eka ntirho wa tona wo tika na ku hoxa xandla eka vurimi<ref>https://www.diy.org/article/bull</ref> [[File:Taureau charolais au pré.jpg]] == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == https://www.diy.org/article/bull [[Category:Nkuzi]] jqth7trcog1iaiex81g77hz89ig640w 0 8320 42957 2026-09-30T11:59:30Z Blaq centia 12476 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376974113|Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.]]" 42957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xipano xa milenge xa Mamelodi Sundowns''' leyi tivekaka tsena tani hi '''Sundowns''' i xipano xa bolo ya milenge xa xiphurofexinali xa Afrika-Dzonga lexi tshamaka eka doroba ra pitori e Mamelodi [[Gauteng|"Gauteng"]], Lexi tlangaka eka Phirimiyara, xiyimo xosungula xa sisiteme ya ligi ya bolo ya milenge ya Afrika-Dzonga. Va simekiwile hi lembe ra 1970, va tlanga mitlangu ya vona ya le kaya e Xitediyamu xa Loftus Versfeld . Sundowns yi tekiwa tani hi yin’wana ya mitlangu leyi humelelaka swinene eka bolo ya milenge ya Afrika. 6ehce033oockmjk9en22o2z05g94ret 0 8321 42959 2026-09-30T13:04:03Z PookieM 12510 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371470192|Sugarcane harvester]]" 42959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sudan_Envoy_-_Kenana_Machinery_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb| Mutshoveri wa chukele]] muchini i xiphemu lexikulu xa michini ya vurimi leyi tirhisiwaka ku tshovela na ku lulamisa xiphemu [[Xikhovha xa chukele|xa chukele]] . Muchini lowu, wu sunguleke ku endliwa hi minkarhi ya va 1920, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Mechanical Sugar Cane Harvesters|url=http://www.zelmeroz.com/album_rail/ctn/ctn_07.pdf|website=www.zelmeroz.com}}</ref> naswona wu tirhisiwile ro sungula hi ku xavisiwa hi va 1950, <ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2020-11-30 |title=From cane knife to mechanical 'monsters': How sugar harvesting innovation was driven from the paddock |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-12-01/sugar-history-cane-knife-to-mechanical-marvel/12911022 |access-date=2026-04-16 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> wu tshama wu fana hi ntirho ni ndlela leyi wu endliweke ha yona ni muchini wo tshovela lowu hlanganisiweke . <ref name=":3" /> Michini leyi ya vurimi yitirhisiwa ku tsema, ku hluvula naku hlengeleta swirhabyani swa nhonga leswaku swita tirhisiwa eka vuhumelerisi bya chukele.,Mi mova leyi yi hambanisiwilw hiku olova yinga avanyisiwa hi tinxaka timbirhi letikulu, kutsemeleriwa na ku gadla, naswona ti seketela tinxaka timbirhi ta maendlelo yo tshovela, kunga ku tshovela ka nhlaka leyi hisiweke na ya rihlaza. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Chaya |first=Wirawat |date=2024-04-15 |title=Reframing the wicked problem of pre-harvest burning: A case study of Thailand's sugarcane |journal=Heliyon |volume=10 |issue=7 |article-number=e29327 |bibcode=2024Heliy..1029327C |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29327 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=11016728 |pmid=38623203 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ma |first=S. |date=2014 |title=Sugarcane Harvester Technology: A Critical Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.30.10696 |journal=Applied Engineering in Agriculture |language=en-us |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=727–739 |doi=10.13031/aea.30.10696 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Vatshoveri va chukele va tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tindzhawu letikulu leti humelerisaka mova emisaveni ku nga leti landzelaka Australia, Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, na USA. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhao |first=Duli |last2=Li |first2=Yang-Rui |date=2015 |title=Climate Change and Sugarcane Production: Potential Impact and Mitigation Strategies |journal=International Journal of Agronomy |language=en |volume=2015 |pages=1–10 |bibcode=2015IJAgr201547386Z |doi=10.1155/2015/547386 |issn=1687-8159 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == vukhale == === Ku tirhisiwa ka michini ka ha ri emahlweni === EAustralia, xilaveko xaku tshovela hi michini xikule hiva 1950s hikokwalaho ka ku hunguteka ka vatirhi va vurimi. Hi 1959, vamakwerhu Robert Rossi na Rick Rossi va tivise xikombiso xa muchini wo tshovela wa Massey Ferguson 515 eka van’wamapurasi. Mutshoveri wa 515 i muxaka wa ku tshovelela mimova, tani hileswi muchini a wu tsema nhonga hiku ringana ka tona ku va ti endla chukele. Hikwalaho ka ku tirhisiwa ka mutshoveri, vuhumelerisi bya nhonga byi andze kambirhi. Hiva 1960s na 1970s, ti edyinara ava tirhisana na bindzu ra chukele kuva va antswisiwa maendlelo ya leswaku yata tirha swinene. <ref name=":4" /> === Brazil === [[File:Piracicaba_10_2008_Sugarcane_harvester_199.jpg|thumb| Vatshoveri va chukele lava tirhisiwaka eBrazil ku tshovela swihlahla leswi tsemiweke, xigwitsirisi xa nomboro ya 7700 xa nhova etlhelo ra ximatsi; Piracicaba, eBrazil]] Le Brazil, chukele a ri tshoveriwa hi mavoko ku ringana malembe-xidzana ya kwalomu ka ntlhanu. Vatirhi a va rhanga hi ku hisa masimu va nga si tshovela ivi va tirhisa swikomu ku tsema swirhabyani. Switshoveri swa chukele swi sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu eSão Paulo kusukela hi 2009. Eka nkarhi wale xikarhi ka 2006 na 2010, ku xavisiwile ti vurimi ku tlakusiwa na ti uniti ta 478 eka hafu yosungula ya lembe. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=James |date=August 20, 2010 |title=From machete to machine in Brazil's cane fields |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/environment/from-machete-to-machine-in-brazils-cane-fields-idUSTRE67J2MK/ |access-date=April 16, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> == Tinxaka == Vurimi bya chukele byina tinxaka to hambanahambana kuna vurimi na ku tshovela . Vutshoveri abyi tirhisiwa ku hambanisaa ti bulete.<ref name=":0" /> === Vatshoveri === Vatshoveri hinkwavo va mova akurina swiphemu swa tsevu. Ehenhla i ndhawu yo pfuleka leswaku nsinya wu nghena naswona wu tsema xiphemu xa matluka ya rihlaza ya chukele. Kutani, lexo ba xirhendzevutana xi ya emahlweni kuta rhendzelekisa chukele, ri lunghiselela ku tsemiwa. Lexiya xo tsemelela hi swiphemu xi hambanyisa swibyariwa hiku olova leswaku swita phameriwa eka base cutter. Fin roller yi khoma kutani yi phamela xisekelo xa nhonga eka muchini. Base cutter yi hambanyisa xirhabyani na timintsu ta xona. Ti feeding rollers ti susumeta xirhabyani eka chopper, laha xirhabyani xi tsemiwaka xiva ti billets. First extractor yi khomanisiwile ehenhla ka ti feeding rollers hiku tirhisa airflow ku tlakusa naku susa swilo leswinga sala na matluka loko swirhabyani swihundza eka xo tsema. <ref name=":0" /> === Xirhabyani Hinkwaxo === Dizayini ya xirhabyani hinkwayo yifana swinene na ya ku tsemeleliwa, laha ku hambana lokukulu kunga ku tshikiwa ka ku tsemeleriwa ka muchini. Mutshoveri hinkwawo wa swirhabyani wuna swiphemu swa tsevu. Ehenhla, lexo tsemelela na base cutter switirha swin’we naswona switirhisiwa hiku landzelelana. Kutani, xitirhisiwa xo hundzisela, lexi hi ntolovelo xi nga xivumbeko xa roller yo phamela, xi susumeta xirhabyani emahlweni. Naswona eku heteleleni, xitirhisiwa xo susa matluka xi susa, xi tsemelela ni ku basisa thyaka eka swirhabyani swa chukele leswi tsemiweke, swi nga si vekiwa eka xigwitsirisi xa nhonga emakumu ya le ndzhaku ya muchini. <ref name=":0" /> == Endlelo ra mutshoveri == === Ku tsemelela === Rivilo ra blade, engele, na swivumbeko swa blade swi veka ku humelela ka matimba yo tsema na tsemeleriwa hi ndlela ya kahle. Leswi hi ku famba ka nkarhi swi veka mpimo wa ku lahlekeriwa hi nhonga kusuka eka ku tsemiwa. <ref name=":0" /> Rivilo ra muchini i 400rpm na 3 stalks/min, kasi rivilo ra kahle ra movha ra unifomo tsemelela i 300rpm eka rate ya 1 stalk/min. Rivilo rale henhla ra njhini rihunguta vuswikoti byo tsema, swinga endleka swinene hikuva swi kavanyeta ku famba ka ku tsema loku fanaka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Limna |first=J B |last2=Kamaraj |first2=P |last3=Thambidurai |first3=S |last4=Thiyagarajan |first4=R |last5=Sivakumar |first5=S D |last6=Kathiravan |first6=M |date=2025-08-27 |title=Review of mechanical sugarcane harvesters: Performance, efficiency and crop suitability |url=https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/6597 |journal=Plant Science Today |doi=10.14719/pst.6597 |issn=2348-1900}}</ref> === Ku dyisa swakudya === Ndlela yale henhla yo phamela leyi hlanganisiweke na contra-rotating matirhiselo yale hansi ya muchini yitirhisiwa ku fambisa swirhabyani hinkwaswo eka sisitimu. <ref name=":0" /> === Ku basisa na ku humesa === Ti air blast configurations titirhisiwa e Brazil ku susa swilo leswinga na matluka xikan’we naku hambanyisa thyaka, leswi hungutaka thyaka kuya eka 15 kuya eka 20%. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Weiqing |last2=Ma |first2=Shaochun |last3=Zhou |first3=Baocheng |last4=Li |first4=Wenzhi |last5=Huo |first5=Peng |last6=Qian |first6=Jun |date=2024-10-01 |title=Core Technologies of Sugarcane Chopper Harvester Extractor: A Critical Review |journal=Agriculture |language=en |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=1730 |bibcode=2024Agric..14.1730L |doi=10.3390/agriculture14101730 |issn=2077-0472 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Maendlelo yo tshovela == Sugarcane yi tshoveriwa hi tindlela timbirhi to hambana: Ku tshoveriwa ka nhlaka leyi hisiweke na Green cane harvesting. Ku tshovela ka nhova leyi hisiweke akuri ndlela ya ntolovelo yo tshovela emisaveni hinkwayo kusukela eka Industrial Revolution, kasi ku tshovela ka green cane i ndlela leyinga tshamiseka swinene. <ref name=":0" /> Maendlelo lawa hamambirhi ya koteka hi voko na muchini. <ref name=":1" /> === Ku tshoveriwa ka swihlahla leswi hisiweke === Ku tshovela ka nhova leyi hisiweke swikatsa ku hisa nhlayo leyi vekiweke ka ha ri emahlweni ya nsimu hi chukele. Ndzilo wu hisa matluka ni matluka lama tlulaka mpimo, wu siya xirhabyani xa chukele. Leswi swihunguta nhlayo ya thyaka leri nghenaka eka harvester hi 80% naswona swiendla leswaku mechanical harvesting efficiency hi 30-40%. <ref name=":0" /> Maendlelo yo tshovela chukele hi michini ya nghenisiwile kuva kuhungutiwa ku tshoveriwa ka swihlahla leswi hisiweke xikan’we naku hlohletela ntshovelo wa swihlahla swa rihlaza. <ref name=":1" /> === Ku tshoveriwa ka swihlahla swa rihlaza === Ku tshoveriwa ka green cane swisiya matluka lawa yanga tlula mpimo yanga onhakanga loko kungase tshoveriwa. Ndlela leyi yitshama yirikarhi yitshamiseka kutlula ntshovelo wa nhlaka leyi hisiweke tani hileswi leyara ya thyaka leyi tlulaka mpimo leyi vekiweke ensin’wini yitirha tani hi nsirhelelo wa ntumbuluko eka switsotswana xikan’we na manyoro eka swirhabyani leswi kulaka. Ku tshovela ka green cane swa tika swinene eka vatshoveri va michini, leswi kombisiweke kuva swi engetela ku tirhisiwa ka mafurha hi 12% xikan’we naku hunguta nhlayo ya ntshovelo hi 17% loko ku pimanyisiwa na ntshovelo wa nhlaka lowu hisiweke. <ref name=":0" /> == Ku khumbeka ka ikhonomi == === São Paulo === Le São Paulo, eBrazil, ku tirhisiwa loku engetelekeke ka switshoveri swa chukele ku vange ku hunguteka ka nhlayo ya vatirhi va mavoko lava tirhisiwaka ku suka eka 158 000 ku ya eka 140 000. Ku amukeriwa ka sugarcane harvester e Sao Paulo swi hlohloteriwile hi ku navela ku hunguta ku durha ka vatirhi. Ku fa ka vatirhi va 20 va mirhi ya chukele ku hatlisise ku cinca ku suka eka ku tsema mirhi hi mavoko ku ya eka ku tshovela hi michini eSão Paulo. Hambileswi ku tirhisa michini swi engeteleke vuhumelerisi, swi tlhele swi lava leswaku vatirhi va kuma vutshila bya xithekiniki leswaku va tirhisa ni ku hlayisa michini yo tshovela. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Riveras |first=Inae |date=October 19, 2008 |title=Sugar harvest advances have social cost in Brazil |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE49J00320081020/ |access-date=April 12, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> == Ku khumbeka ka mbango == Ku tshoveriwa ka nhlaka leyi hisiweke swi fambelanisiwile na switandzhaku swo biha eka miganga leyi rhendzeleke masimu, ngopfu ngopfu timhaka ta ku hefemula. <ref name=":0" /> Timhaka ta mbango leti vangiwaka ngopfu hiku tshoveriwa ka nhlaka leyi hisiweke i ku humesiwa kusuka eka matluka lawa ya hisiweke xikan’we naku khuluka ka manyoro kuya eka tisisiteme ta mati ya ndzhawu liya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Deuja |first=Aakriti |last2=Khant |first2=Min Hein |last3=Silalertruksa |first3=Thapat |last4=Gheewala |first4=Shabbir H. |last5=Prapaspongsa |first5=Trakarn |date=2025-09-01 |title=Implications of technological improvement and circular agriculture on environmental sustainability of sugarcane production |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666789425000315 |journal=Cleaner Environmental Systems |volume=18 |article-number=100285 |bibcode=2025CEnvS..1800285D |doi=10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100285 |issn=2666-7894 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ku hlamula eka timhaka leti humelelaka kusuka eka ntshovelo wa nhlaka lowu hisiweke, kuna minongonoko leyi hlohlotelaka ku cincela eka ntshovelo wa nhlaka ya rihlaza. <ref name=":0" /> Ku tshoveriwa ka green cane hi michini swinga hunguta ku onhiwa ka mbango loko ku pimanyisiwa na ku tshoveriwa ka nhlaka leyi hisiweke. Ku hlanganisiwa ka ntshovelo wa green cane swihunguta mbuyelo wa ku humesiwa ka swilo swo biha xikan’we na switandzhaku swa laha kaya leswi humaka eka maendlelo ya ntshovelo. <ref name=":2" /> == Tihakelo ta vumaki bya michini == Vuhumelerisi na ku hlayisiwa ka vatshoveri va chukele swi xava ntsengo wa mbango lowu nga pimiwa. Ku hlanganisiwa ka single-row sugarcane harvester swilava hi xiringaniso ku nghenisiwa hiku kongoma kwalomu ka 18.79 GJs na 15.70 m3. Level leyi ya matirhiselo ya eneji ya gezi eka endlelo ro endla yi endliwa hi ku voninga, switirhisiwa swa gezi, switirhisiwa swa khompyuta, moya wo titimela, na ku tshikileriwa ka moya. Gezi ri endla 88.9% wa xilaveko hinkwaxo xa eneji eka ku endla muchini wo tshovela wa chukele wa layini yin’we, leswi endlaka leswaku wu va xitirhisiwa lexikulu xa eneji. Ku tirhisiwa ka mati swifambisiwa ngopfu hiku tirhisiwa hiku kongoma hinkarhi wa maendlelo yo hlengeleta, leswi fambelanaka na upstream-inputs, naswona swi endla kwalomu ka 1.2% wa xilaveko hinkwaxo xa eneji. Ku nghenisiwa ka mati lokunga kongomangiki ngopfu ngopfu i swakudya na mati ya vatirhi naswona switirhisa 1.83 m3 hi muchini. Hi xitalo, vumaki bya sugar cane harvester byi lava 1.3 MJ hi 1&nbsp;kg ya gezi na 1.18 wa Tilitara hi 1&nbsp;kg ya mati. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=E. J. |first=Mantoam |last2=Mekonnen |first2=Mesfin |last3=Romanelli |first3=T. L. |date=2018-12-01 |title=Energy demand and water footprint study of an agricultural machinery industry |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wffdocs/59 |journal=Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications}}</ref> == Nakambe vona ==   * Zafra (vurimi) - nguva yo tshovela chukele * Hlanganisa ntshovelo * Swimilana swa chukele eHawaii {{-}} == leswi tirhisiweke == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 69pvr0dt9zcp8oux7dt4bvz0jnxhd6h 0 8322 42960 2026-09-30T13:22:35Z PookieM 12510 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319498546|Maize milling]]" 42960 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ku sila mavele i ku lulamisiwa ka mavele kuva ya dyiwa hindlela leyi hlayisekeke naku nandziha tani hi [[swakudya]] .Edla yaku lulamisiwa swinga endliwa hiku sila hi muchini eka swigayo leswikulu kumbe leswintsongo, kumbe hiku sila hi mavoko eka tindzhawu tale kaya kumbe ta vaaki. Mavele yasungula ya basisiwa kutani ya langutiwa kuri yileka xiyimo xakahle, kumbe eka ndhawu ya kahle, hiku chela ti swifaki ematini. Leswi swi olovisa ku hambanisiwa ka coat ya mbewu na pericarp kusuka eka endosperm . Ku lulamisiwa kun’wana swikatsa ku hambanyisa swiphemu swa mavele, naku ma sila kuya eka ti grade to hambana hambana. == Ku basisa na ku lulamisa == Ku basisiwa naku lulamisa mavele i goza ra nkoka eka maendlelo naswona swivula ku susiwa ka swilo swale handle na hinkwaswo leswinga riki ti kernels ta mavele kusuka eka mavele lawa yanga ta gayeriwa leswi hungutaka khwalithi ya xiendliwa xofana na husk, straw, dust, sand, na hinkwaswo leswikulu ngopfu kumbe swintsongo swinene naswona swi olova kutlula kernel ya mavele. Switlhela swivula ku su siwa ka mbewu leyingana swimilana, na swilo leswinga na khombo eka switirhisiwa swo sila swofana na nsimbi na maribye . Maendlelo swivula ku engeteriwa ka ndzhongho eka mavele kuva ku pfumelela bran kuva yi tshoveriwa eka swifaki hinkarhi wa ku sila hi ndhawu ya xigodyi kumbe yaku sila, leswi pfumelelaka ku hambanisiwa hiku olova eka sifter naswona, xa nkoka swinene, ku engetela mass eka swakudya. == Ku sila na ku sefa == Endzhaku ka endlelo leri, ku sila swi nga sungula naswona swi nga teka swivumbeko swotala: * ku hundzuluxiwa ka muchini yingava single roller mill, double roller mill kumbe pneumatic roller mill. Eka ximilani xo sila mavele lexi heleleke, kuna ku hundzuluxa la swo hlaya leti tirhaka swin’we, tina mintirho yohambana hambana, xigayi xosungula ngopfu ngopfu xi hlantswa nhlonge ya mavele, xavumbirhi na xavunharhu swita sila mavele kuya eka vukulu bya granular, naswona hi nkarhi walowo kuva swikuma fulawuri yin’wana ya le ka xiyimo xa le henhla, naswona xiendliwa xa vukulu byo gayeliwa xita ya eka xigayo lexi landzelaka kuya emahlweni xi sila. * Loko u ri karhi u sila nkarhi, tirhisa double bin sifter kumbe square plan sifter ku sefa swakudya kusuka eka miller, classification naku sefa super flour yotala. Hiku angarhela, ku sefiwa loku tirhisiwaka ku hambanyisa vuswa na bran, kutlhela ku hambanyisa vukulu lebyikulu na vukulu lebyintsongo ku tiyisisa khwalithi ya vuswa. == Ku pakiwa ka swikumiwa swo hetelela == Endzhaku kaloko mavele ma lulamisiwile, mata huma eka switirhisiwa swohambanahambana swohetelela kufana na fulawuri na timbewu. Tihambanile na vukulu bya tona bya granular. Eka ku paka, ku amukeriwa Full-auto Flour Packing Machine, naswona vuswa byi pakiwa eka 5&nbsp;kg, 10&nbsp;kg, 25&nbsp;kg kumbe 50&nbsp;kg ya swikhwama. == Mavele ya khwalithi ya kahle swinene == Swakudya swa mavele swa tsemeleriwa ya kahle swinene hikokwalaho swikumeka hi Ku susa ku mila ka mavele loko kungase sila Ku sila hi swiphemu . Handle ka sweswo, loko budget yiri yitsongo, mavele hinkwawo, endzhaku ko basisiwa naku lulamisiwa, yanga gayeriwa hiku tirhisa plate mill ntsena kutani ya sefiwa (handle ka de-germination ). Xiphemu xa nkoka xa swo olova swita tlhela swi sefiwa, leswinga endla leswaku kuva na Special Sifted meal - ya khwalithi yale hansi kutlula roller milled meal xikan’we na khwalithi yale henhla kutlula hammer milled meal. Xiphemu xin’wana xa nkoka swinene i ku sefa . Ku sila naku sefa, swi endla xisekelo xa ku lulamisiwa ka mavele. Ti sifter eka sisiteme yin’wana na yin’wana tifanele kuva yin’we kumbe kutlula ya leti landzelaka: * Ti turbo sifters - ti hambanisiwe hika mbirhi letinga h kuy henhla na le hansina - ma yimelo ya swona yale henhla kambe tinga sifting kahle swinene - leti tirhisiwaka eka ti matirhiselo ya kona ya sisitimu leyitintsongo xikan’we na tani hi ti graders ta samp na ti primary grading tin’wana endzhaku ka ti de-germinators. * Ti rotary sifters - ti separation tinharhu letinga horizontally shafted na ti nylon screens - vuswikoti byale hansi kambe screening leyinene swinene - leyi tirhisiwaka eka tisisiteme ta plate mill ta vuswikoti lebyintsongo. * Mini plan sifters - vuswikoti byale henhla swinene xikan’we na screening ya kahle swinene leyi tirhisiwaka tani hi primary sifters eka ti mills hinkwato ta 1 ton hi awara kuya eka 2.5 tons hi awara. * Pulani ti sifters hi vukulu byohambana hambana na nhlayo ya ti passages: Vuswikoti byale henhla swinene xikan’we na screening ya kahle - switirhisiwa eka swigayo hinkwaswo leswingana vuswikoti bya 2.5 ton hi awara na kutlula. Swigayo swa muxaka wa ti indasitiri swinga akiwa eka levele yin’we, ti level timbirhi, ti level tinharhu kumbe kutlula, tani hileswi miako leyinga kona yi bohaka kumbe leswi tirhaka tani hileswi ntlhantlho wungavaka xiswona. Swigayo swa vuswikoti byale henhla hi ntolovelo swilava ti levele totala kuva switirhisa gravity eka ku fambisa xiendliwa exikarhi ka swigayo na ti sifters. Ndlela yin’wana iku veka xigayo lexintsongo (500–1,000&nbsp;kg/h) eka xigwitsirisi. Leswi switsundzuxiwa ntsena eka switirhisiwa swo hlawuleka laha miako yinga na swiphiqo, laha xigayi xi lavaka ku rhurhisiwa nkarhi na nkarhi kuya eka ndzhawu yin’wana, laha ku tirhisiwaka gezi ra nkarhinyana na laha xigayo xi kumekaka eka tindzhawu tale kule swinene. == leswi tirhisiweke == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ivpimj7qwliz5lmgflphh8oyvxq1nqd 0 8323 42961 2026-09-30T13:32:11Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376549251|Cristiano Ronaldo]]" 42961 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro''' [ C ] (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 5 Hukuri 1985) i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wale purtugal loyi a tlangaka tanihi mukaputeni wa le mahlweni na ku va mukaputeni wa xipano xa Saudi Pro League xa Al-Nassr na xipano xa rixaka xa Portugal . U thyiwile vito ra xirhangiso ra '''CR7''', u tekiwa ngopfu tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu eka matimu, laha anga wina swidlodlo swotala swa munhu ari yexe eka khariya ya yena ya ntlangu wa bolo milenge wa yena ,loyi anga kuma ni masagwadi ya ntlhanu ya Ballon d’Or,ni rhekhodo ya masagwadi yanharhu ya UEFA Men’s Player of the Year, na mune wa European Golden Shoes . U hlawuriwile tanihi mutlangi lonene emisaveni ka ntlhanu hi FIFA . [ D ] . Ronaldo i un’wana wa vatlangi lava khavisiweke swinene ematin’wini ya bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali, u hlule swidlodlo swa 35 eka ntirho wa yena, ku katsa na ntlhanu wa UEFA Champions Leagues, timbirhi ta UEFA Nations Leagues na UEFA European Championship . U khome tirhekhodo yaku howisa swikoro swo ringana(140) na ku pfuna ku howisa (42) eka Champions League, magoza yo tala (14) na ku pfuneta (8) eka European Championship, ku humelela ko tala ka matiko ya misava (234), magoza yo tala ya vavanuna ya matiko ya misava (146), na ku hlula ko tala ka matiko ya misava (141). Hi yena ntsena mutlangi loyi anga howisa swikoro swo ringana 100 na mune wa ti swipano to hambana na ku heta tani hi mutlangi wa le henhla eka mune wa tiligi to hambana ta laha kaya. U tlange 1,300 wa mitlangu ya ntirho wa xiphurofexinali (Mutlangi wosungula ku fikelela xiendlo lexi, kusukela loko mintlangu na nkarhi yi rhekhodiwa), ngopfu ngopfu hi mutlangi wa le handle, naswona u howisile kutlula 970 ya swikoro ya ximfumo ya ntirho wa xiyimo xale henhla eka xipano na tiko, leswi n’wi endleka muhowisi wa swikoro swale henhla nkarhi hinkwawo. U velekiwile e Funchal, Madeira, Ronaldo u sungurile ku tlanga eka Sporting CP loko anga se sayiniwa eka Manchester United hi lembe ra 2003.katsongotsongo u tiyisisile tani hi mutlangi wa nkoka eka xipano, a hlula swidlodlo swinharhu hi ku landzelelana swa [[Premier League ya Xinghezi|Premier League]], 2007–08 Champions League, ni 2008 FIFA Club World Cup . Hiku tlanga ka yena hi 2007–08, Ronaldo u nyikiwile Ballon d'Or yo sungula ari na malembe ya makumembirhi. Hi lembe ra 2009, sayiwile hi xipano xa Real Madrid eka ntwanano wa mali yo ringana €94 million (£80 million), uvile mutlongi loyi anga xaviwa hi mali yale hehla swinene. U vile emahlweni eka ku pfuka ka Madrid tani hi vuthu lerikulu ra le Yuropa, a va pfuna ku hlula eka mune wa ti Champions Leagues exikarhi ka 2014 na 2018, ku katsa na ''La Décima'' leyi a yi rindzeriwile nkarhi wo leha hi 2014, laha a vekeke rhekhodo ya magoza yo tala lama nghenisiweke eka nguva ya Champions League. Na Madrid, u tlhele a hlula swidlodlo swimbirhi swa La Liga, a hlula Ballon d'Or hi 2013, 2014, 2016, na 2017, naswona u vile mudzaberi wa le henhla wa xipano xa nkarhi hinkwawo . [[Category:Living people]] 47hadpka1awjvsj7nigux01rdf64fe2 0 8324 42962 2026-09-30T13:33:03Z Blaq centia 12476 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369711111|Cassper Nyovest]]" 42962 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Refiloe Maele Phoolo''' Loyi a velekiweke hi ti 16 N'wendzamhala hi lembe ra 1990, Loyi hi xiphurofexinali a tivekaka tani hi "'''Cassper Nyovest"''', I muyimbeleri wati-"rap" wa Afirika-Dzonga, Mutsari wa tisimu, N'wa-mabindzu, Muhumelerisi wa tirhikhodo na muboxi wa "amateur". <ref name="trace">{{Cite web|title=Trace Cassper Nyovest – Sports news, hip-hop, rnb, tropical and african music|url=http://www.trace.tv/en/people/artist/cassper-nyovest_1516|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401005525/http://www.trace.tv/en/people/artist/cassper-nyovest_1516|archive-date=1 April 2014|accessdate=7 June 2014|publisher=Trace TV}}</ref> U velekiwile no kurisiwa e Mahikeng North West, U tekiwa tani hi un’wana wa vutshila loyi a humelelaka swinene e Afirika-Dzonga. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cassper Nyovest biography|url=https://www.cutfm.co.za/entertainment/entertainment-news/cassper-nyovest-biography-songs-news-girlfriend-net-worth-house-cars/257/|website=Cut FM}}</ref> Hi lembe ra 2014, U simekile khampani ya yena yo rhikhoda leyi tivekaku tani hi "Family Tree Records" . <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2017|title=The Rise of Family Tree Records|url=http://theplugmag.com/the-rise-of-family-tree-records/|website=The Plug Mag}}</ref>Casper Nyovest u dumile hi ku humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya situdiyo, ''"Tsholofelo"'' (2014) leyi nga humesa ti single leti nga duma swinene " Gusheshe " na "Doc Shebeleza". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Album Review: Cassper Nyovest – Tsholofelo|url=http://pltfrm.co.za/album-review-cassper-nyovest-tsholofelo/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327180534/http://pltfrm.co.za/album-review-cassper-nyovest-tsholofelo/|archive-date=27 March 2019|accessdate=27 March 2019|website=Platform}}</ref> [[Category:Living people]] lqnr6x0rt0zgwuky5urarauza5iv7oa 0 8325 42963 2026-09-30T13:43:45Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377567527|Jude Bellingham]]" 42963 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jude Victor William Bellingham (''' hi 29 Nhlangula 2003) i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wa le xikarhi wo hlasela eka xipano xa La Liga xa Real Madrid na xipano xa rixaka xa England , loyi a humaka e England. Bellingham u sayiniwile eka Birmingham City tani hi ehansi ka malembe ya nhungu (8), u vile mutlangi loyi anga ntsongo wa xipano xo sungula loko a endla ntlangu wa yena wosungula wa xipano lexinkulu hi ndzati 2019 ari na malembe ya khume ntsevu, naswona u tlangile nkarhi na nkarhi hi nguva ya 2019–20 . U sayinile na Borussia Dortmund hi Nhlangula 2020, naswona eka ku humelela ka yena ko sungula u vile mutlangi lontsongo eka xipano lexi. Eka tinguva tinharhu na xipano u endle 132 wa mitlangu naswona u hlule eka 2020–21 DFB-Pokal ; matirhelo ya yena eka nguva ya 2022–23 ya pfune Dortmund ku heta tani hi xipano xa vumbirhi naswona swi n’wi endle a kuma sagwadi ra Bundesliga Player of the Season . Endzhakunyana ka lembe rero, u hlurile eka European Golden Boy na Kopa Trophy . Bellingham u sayinile eka Real Madrid hi lembe ra 2023 hi €103 million. hi sizini ya yena yo sungula, a ri muhowisi wa le henhla hi swikoro swa ligi eka xipano xa yena, a va pfuna ku hlula xidlodlo xa ligi na Champions League, naswona u vhotiwile tani hi mutlangu wa le hehla eka va tlangi vanwani eka ligi ya La Liga . U katsiwile eka FIFPRO World 11 kuringana malembe yanharhu hiku landzelelana (2023, 2024, 2025), naswona u hetelele eka xiyimo xa vunharhu eka ku vhotela Ballon d’Or na The Best FIFA Men’s Player hi 2024. [[Category:Living people]] dmlh76jl2egyu9sx8laabq8hjo9aqv3 0 8326 42964 2026-09-30T13:44:23Z VanBestern 12517 Ndzi tsale atikili ya chokoleti 42964 wikitext text/x-wiki Chokoleti i swakudya leswi nga ni nantswo wo nandziha naswona swi tsakeriwaka hi vanhu vo tala ematikweni yo hambana. Yi endliwa hi timbewu ta cocoa leti kumekaka eka murhi wa cocoa. Endzhaku ka loko timbewu ti hlengeletiwile, ta omisiwa ni ku swekiwa, ti hundzuriwa swilo leswi tirhisiwaka ku endla chokoleti. Eka masiku ya namuntlha, hi nga kuma chokoleti hi swivumbeko, mivala ni tinxaka to hambana.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-09-22 |title=Chocolate |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chocolate&oldid=1376197408 |language=en}}</ref> Ku ni tinxaka tinharhu letikulu ta chokoleti, ku nga chokoleti ya ntima, ya masi ni yo basa. Chokoleti ya ntima yi na cocoa yo tala naswona yi tala ku va ni nantswo lowu tiyeke. Chokoleti ya masi yi hlanganisiwa ni masi, leswi yi nyikaka nantswo wo olova ni ku tsokombela. Chokoleti yo basa yona yi endliwa hi swilo swo fana na butter ya cocoa, masi ni chukele. Munhu un’wana ni un’wana a nga hlawula muxaka lowu a wu rhandzaka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-17|title=Chocolate {{!}} Definition, History, Types, Production, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/chocolate|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Chokoleti yi na ndhuma swinene eka minkhuvo ni masiku yo hlawuleka. Hi siku ra ku velekiwa, vanhu va nga tirhisa chokoleti eka makhekhe kumbe va nyika vanghana ni maxaka tani hi tinyiko. Nakambe, hi minkhuvo yo karhi, vanhu va tirhisa chokoleti ku sasekisa swakudya kumbe ku endla leswaku swakudya swi nandziha swinene. Vana ngopfu-ngopfu va yi tsakela hikuva yi ni nantswo wo nandziha naswona yi nga endliwa hi swivumbeko swo tsakisa.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-09-22 |title=Chocolate |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chocolate&oldid=1376197408 |language=en}}</ref> Xin’wana xa swilo leswi rhandziwaka hi chokoleti i leswaku yi nga tirhisiwa eka ku endla swakudya swo tala. Yi nga hlanganisiwa ni nkatsakanyo wa khekhe, ti-biscuit, ice cream ni pudding. Vanhu van’wana va tlhela va tirhisa yona eka swakunwa swo hisa kumbe eka swakudya swin’wana swo hlawuleka. H leswi swiendlaka leswaku chokoleti yi nga tirhisiwa hi tindlela to tala eka ku lunghisa swakudya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chocolate|url=https://foodprint.org/real-food/chocolate/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=FoodPrint|language=en-US}}</ref> Hambiswiritano, ku dya chokoleti ngopfu swi nga va ni vuyelo byo biha eka rihanyo. Tinxaka tin’wana ta chokoleti ti ni chukele ni mafurha yo tala. Loko munhu a yi dya nkarhi na nkarhi hi mpimo lowukulu, swi nga engetela ku bola ka meno kumbe ku engetela miri. Hikuva hi fanele hi yi dya hi mpimo naswona hi nga rivali ku dya swakudya swin’wana swa nkoka swo fana na mihandzu, matsavu, mavele ni swakudya leswi nyikaka miri swilo leswi wu swi lavaka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nordqvist|first=Joseph|date=2018-07-17|title=Chocolate: Health benefits, facts, and research|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270272|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en}}</ref> Vanhu lava byalaka cocoa na vona va ni nkoka swinene eka bindzu ra chokoleti. Va tirha emasin'wini hi ku byala ni ku hlayisa mirhi ya cocoa. Loko timbewu ti vupfile, va ti hlengeleta kutani va ti lunghiselela leswaku ti ya tirhisiwa eku endliweni ka chokoleti. H leswi swi hi kombaka leswaku chokoleti leyi hi yi kumaka emavhengeleni yi huma eka matirhelo ya vanhu vo tala lava tirhanaka na cocoa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kitchen Matters|date=2021-02-11|title=What is chocolate made of?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWI5kA-8XVE|accessdate=2026-09-30}}</ref> Chokoleti yi tlhela yi va xiphemu xa bindzu ematikweni yo tala. Vanhu va xavisa cocoa, va endla chokoleti emifakeni, kutani va yi fambisa ku ya emavhengeleni. Bindzu leri ri pfuna vanhu vo tala ku kuma mitirho ni ku kuma mali yo hlayisa mindyangu ya vona. Hikuva cocoa na chokoleti swi nga va swa nkoka eka ikhonomi ya tindhawu leti swi humelerisiwaka eka tona.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Côte d’Ivoire’s cocoa economy: time to make the chocolate|url=https://futures.issafrica.org/blog/2025/Cote-dIvoires-cocoa-economy-time-to-make-the-chocolate|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=futures.issafrica.org|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Chocolate02.jpg|thumb|lexi i xifaniso xa chokoleti]] Hi ku gimeta, chokoleti i swakudya swo nandziha leswi rhandziwaka swinene naswona swi tirhisiwaka hi tindlela to tala. Yi nga endla leswaku minkhuvo ni masiku yo hlawuleka ma tsakisa, naswona yi nga tirhisiwa ku endla swakudya swo hambana. Hambiswiritano, a hi swinene ku yi dya hi xitalo. Hi fanele hi yi tiphina hi mpimo, hi tlhela hi hlayisa ku dya swakudya leswi akaka miri. Loko hi endla tano, hi nga tiphina hi chokoleti hi nkarhi lowu hi hlayisaka rihanyo ra hina.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Care|first=Lakeshore Family Dental|date=2024-05-03|title=How To Avoid Tooth Decay After Eating Chocolate?|url=https://lakeshorefamilydentalcare.com/avoid-tooth-decay-after-eating-chocolate/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}</ref> 0c2hrdeuzb0shoasifkw28mk6mch5ye 0 8327 42965 2026-09-30T13:48:43Z Blaq centia 12476 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361796201|Pretoria Zoo]]" 42965 wikitext text/x-wiki Purasi ra ''Klein Schoemansdal'', Ti nhundzu ta murhangeri wa Z.A.R Stephanus Schoeman, Ri xaviseriwile eka Johannes Francois Celliers loyi a ri thyeke vito lerintshwa ra "''Rus eUrbe"'' . Yi kumiwile hi mfumo hi lembe ra 1895, <ref name="jmv">{{Cite news |last=Versluis |first=Jeanne-Marié |date=4 January 2012 |title=Reuse-vyeboom op kampioen-lys |url=http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2013/01/04/B1/3/tjmvye.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409175447/http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2013/01/04/B1/3/tjmvye.html |archive-date=9 April 2015 |access-date=9 January 2013 |work=Beeld}}</ref> Naswona ntanga wa swiharhi wu simekiwile eku sunguleni ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Mabunu hi lembe ra 1899. <ref>{{Cite book |last=H. T. Montague Bell, C. Arthur Lane, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Meeting, [[South African Association for the Advancement of Science]] |date=1905 |title=A Guide to the Transvaal |url=https://archive.org/stream/aguidetotransva00unkngoog#page/n44/mode/1up |publisher=Bartholomew & Lawlor |pages=21 |access-date=2010-01-05}}</ref> Yi hundzukile "National Zoological Gardens" ya ximfumo hi lembe ra 1916. Endzhaku ka nkarhi wo karhi wa vufambisi ehansi ka vukorhokeri bya "South African National Research Foundation", Pretoria Zoo namuntlha i vufambisi ehansi ka amburela ya "South African National Biodiversity Institute" (SANBI). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history – National Zoological Garden, Pretoria|url=https://www.pretoriazoo.org/about/our-history/}}</ref> fx3kx6p3m22yzab2iuclvbd9cyo6h0g 0 8328 42966 2026-09-30T13:57:22Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377524142|Vinícius Júnior]]" 42966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vinícius José Paixão de Oliveira Lontsongo''' (  ; u velekiwile hi ti 12 Nhlangula 2000), loyi a tiviwaka hi vito rin’we ra '''Vinícius''', i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wo huma eBrazil loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wale mahlweni wa xipano La Liga xa Real Madrid na xipano xa tiko ra Brazil . Leswi a tekiwa tanihi un’wana wa vatlangi vale hehla emisaveni, u tiveka hi rivilo ra yena, vutshila bya yena na vuswikoti bya yena byo dribble. <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 June 2024|title=Golazo 100, men's soccer players top 10: Kylian Mbappe tops list; Vinicius Jr, Jude Bellingham close behind|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/golazo-100-mens-soccer-players-top-10-kylian-mbappe-tops-list-vinicius-jr-jude-bellingham-close-behind/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716213043/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/golazo-100-mens-soccer-players-top-10-kylian-mbappe-tops-list-vinicius-jr-jude-bellingham-close-behind/|archive-date=16 July 2025|accessdate=24 September 2024|website=CBS Sports}}</ref> U velekiwe e tikweni ra eSão Gonçalo, Vinícius u sungurile ku tlanga bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali ka xipano xa Flamengo, laha a nga endla masungulo ya yena ya eka xipano xo sungula hi 2017, ari na malembe ya khumentsevu. Endzhaku ka mavhiki ma nga ri mangani, Vinícius u ve nhloko-mhaka ya ku laviwa hi xipano xa La Liga xa Real Madrid, lexi a xi sayineke hi ntsengo lowu ringanaka £38 wa timiliyoni, lowu a wu ri rhekhodo ya tiko eka mutlangi loyi a nga ehansi ka malembe ya khumenhungu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2018 |title=Madrid present £38.7m teenager Vinicius |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44904288 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108213611/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44904288 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ku hundziseriwa loku ku endliwile ku tirha endzhaku ka siku ra yena ra ku velekiwa ra vu 18, laha Vinícius a nga sungula ku tlanga eka xipano hi 2018–19 . Eka tinguva leti landzeleke, Vinícius u tiyisisile tani hi mutlangi loyi a dumeke eka xipano xa Real Madrid, a pfuna xipano ku hlula eka ti doubles timbirhi ta La Liga– Champions League, a nghenisa goli yo hlula eka final ya 2022, xikan’we na goli ya vumbirhi eka final ya 2024, a thyiwe vito ra Mutlangi wa Nkarhi wa mphikizano hi 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ed McCambridge Contributions from Mark White|date=18 March 2022|title=Ranked! The 10 best wingers in the world right now|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-wingers-in-the-world-right-now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926055937/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-wingers-in-the-world-right-now|archive-date=26 September 2023|accessdate=27 May 2022|website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2022 |title=Champions League final: Vinícius Júnior scores only goal as Real Madrid beat Liverpool to claim 14th title |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a62aaf0-36d3e17d7404-1000/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402222733/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a62aaf0-36d3e17d7404-1000/ |archive-date=2 April 2024 |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vinicius named Player of the Season as Real Madrid sweep Champions League awards|url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles/vinicius-named-player-of-the-season-as-real-madrid-sweep-champions-league-awards-2024-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603221645/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles/vinicius-named-player-of-the-season-as-real-madrid-sweep-champions-league-awards-2024-06-03|archive-date=3 June 2024|accessdate=3 June 2024|website=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Vinícius u katsiwile eka FIFPRO World 11 hi 2023 na 2024, naswona u hlawuriwile tani hi The Best FIFA Men's Player hi 2024 . <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2024 |title=Vinicius Jr wins Fifa Best men's player of year award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr56rq09v20o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723145022/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr56rq09v20o |archive-date=23 July 2025 |access-date=17 December 2024 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> U tlhele a heta eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi eka ku vhota ka Ballon d’Or ya 2024 . loko ahari mutlangi wa muntshwa wa xipano xa tiko ra brazil, Vinícius ari mutlangi wa nkoka eka ku hlula eka 2015 South American U-15 Championship na 2017 South American U-17 Championship, a heta tani hi mutlangi loyi anga howisa swikoro swo tala. U tlangile ntlangu wa yena wo sungula wa le henhla hi 2021 naswona u pfunile tiko ra yena ku ya eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi eka 2021 Copa América, u tlhele a yimela tiko ra yena eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 2022 eQatar na Khapu ya Misava ya 2024 ya Copa América na 2026, vumbirhi bya swona eUnited States. [[Category:Living people]] 3rh89ergascgt808291ahbyb6wuaavb 2 8329 42971 2026-09-30T14:26:49Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3" 42971 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 bexe8q0jnd7xibqi1pfb9pw9c923c0t 42973 42971 2026-09-30T14:35:27Z GracaK 12512 42973 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU Yindlu i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, dyambu, moya ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende. Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle. re8nmcdqn6gejeqkc91bn1n3kxulgse 42974 42973 2026-09-30T14:35:55Z GracaK 12512 42974 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, dyambu, moya ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende. Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle. c411sn08daqlyl1xhwxs9meq3dnaeb0 42975 42974 2026-09-30T14:37:03Z GracaK 12512 42975 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, dyambu, moya ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende. Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle. == SWIKOMBO == hsl61y77dgzlluv9umhi5uxh2icr8rd 42976 42975 2026-09-30T14:38:11Z GracaK 12512 42976 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, dyambu, moya ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende. Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Yindlu]] 9irr1o3uf9kbtdctr5b3e3q3hzcs4pk 42977 42976 2026-09-30T14:39:30Z GracaK 12512 42977 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, [[dyambu]], [[moya]] ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende. Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Yindlu]] d0wqxkca1zdyf5lb9bawu0fhutfgo6b 42978 42977 2026-09-30T14:41:54Z GracaK 12512 42978 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, [[dyambu]], [[moya]] ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende.<ref name=":1">https://www.property24.com/for-sale</ref> Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle.<ref name=":1" /> == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Yindlu]] jxcjo8h8zxcw0he8ujtrpbc24orkowk 42979 42978 2026-09-30T14:43:56Z GracaK 12512 42979 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 3 YINDLU [[File:West Saint Paul house lost to Hwy 52.jpg|thumb|297x297px|yindlu]] '''Yindlu''' i ndhawu leyi vanhu va tshamaka eka yona. yi va sirhelela eka mpfula, [[dyambu]], [[moya]] ni xirhami. Yindlu yi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana, swo fana na switina, tsemba ni simende.<ref name=":1">https://www.property24.com/for-sale</ref> Yindlu yi tlhela yi va ndhawu leyi ndyangu wu hlanganaka ni ku wisela eka yona. Hi fanele hi hlayisa yindlu yi tshama yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile leswaku hi kota ku hanya kahle.<ref name=":1" /> == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Yindlu]] c76norxhz6li4hoji6n3og1d99wv50g 0 8330 42972 2026-09-30T14:29:11Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376890943|Ferran Torres]]" 42972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ferran Torres García''' (  ; born 29 nyenyenyana 2000)I mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa le Spain loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wale mahlweni wa xipano Ligue 1 Paris Saint-Germain na xipano xa rixaka xa Spain . U thyiwile vito ra '''''El Tiburón''''' (leswi vulaka nhlapfi ya shaka) hi khale ka mufambisi wa Barcelona Xavi, Torres u sungurile ku tlanga eka Valencia, laha a nga endla ntlangu wa yena wo sungula wa xipano lexikulu hi 2017. U sayiniwile eka xipano xa Manchester City hi 2020 kutani a hlula eka [[Premier League ya Xinghezi|Premier League]] na Khapu ya EFL eka nguva ya 2020–21 . U sukile a ya joyina xipano xa Barcelona hi Ndzhati 2022. Hambi leswi ekusunguleni anga lwisana eka tinguva ta yena tosungula, uwine swidlodlo swotala swa laha kaya na xipano, ngopfu ngopfu swidlodlo swinharhu swa La Liga, xidlodlo xin’we xa Copa del Rey, na swidlodlo swinharhu swa Supercopa de España, kukatsa na treble ya laha kaya eka nguva ya 2024–25 . Hi lembe ra 2026, u sayinile xipano xa Paris Saint-Germain hi mali ya €50 million. Torres u tlngele Spain eka misava hinkwayo eka mintlangu swo hambana swa vantshwa, u tlange ntlangu wo sunguila ka xipano xa le henhla hi lembe ra 2020. U langhiwe eka xipano swa Spain eka Tikhapu timbirhi ta Misava ta FIFA ( 2022 na 2026 ), Vumpfampfarhuti byimbirhi bya UEFA bya Yuropa ( 2020 na 2024 ),a hlula eka mphikizano wa 2024 , a howisa xikoro eka ntlangu wo hetisela eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2026 . [[Category:Living people]] na8wp2khrp1e1wkr5dqf9bx6z0cc44s 2 8331 42983 2026-09-30T14:48:03Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4" 42983 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 d1a4glpk9qxvz0q76s6kzo894ev0sq2 42985 42983 2026-09-30T14:56:46Z GracaK 12512 42985 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU Nhompfu i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo. Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka. Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka dokodela. 5a3jqtumnybb2adeiu7ysuf7ouke5w4 42986 42985 2026-09-30T14:57:18Z GracaK 12512 42986 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo. Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka. Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka dokodela. bsel763bk59tj9jx80l0nhxvnz9c2on 42987 42986 2026-09-30T14:58:18Z GracaK 12512 42987 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo. Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka. Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka dokodela. == SWIKOMBO == izhdo0nkf13kkkgqt085yamxpnounm7 42990 42987 2026-09-30T15:00:05Z GracaK 12512 42990 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo. Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka. Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka [[Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo|dokodela]]. == SWIKOMBO == cg7ot9y3dpv2t2myqz8hob7d28uyj84 42992 42990 2026-09-30T15:03:28Z GracaK 12512 42992 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_nose|Human nose - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka.<ref name=":1" /> Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka [[Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo|dokodela]]. == SWIKOMBO == fr91fxa5mjnyjceixxcdn6rjb3zeltz 42993 42992 2026-09-30T15:04:25Z GracaK 12512 42993 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 NHOMPFU '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_nose|Human nose - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka.<ref name=":1" /> Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka [[Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo|dokodela]]. == SWIKOMBO == <references /> [[Category:Nhopfu]] cipou85rnph3hj5o325wjmruqq2bas1 43052 42993 2026-09-30T16:30:12Z GracaK 12512 43052 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuri ya mina ya vu 4 [[File:Hump nose2.jpg|thumb|nose]] == NHOMPFU == '''Nhompfu''' i xirho xa miri lexi nga endzeni ka milomu ya hina. Yi pfuna munhu ku hefemula, ku nun'hwetela ni ku twisisa minun'hwelo yo hambana. Nhompfu yi tlhela yi sirhelela miri eka swilo leswi nga ni khombo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_nose|Human nose - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa nhompfu ya hina yi tshama yi basile naswona hi papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga yi vavisaka.<ref name=":1" /> Loko nhompfu yi khomiwa hi vuvabyi kumbe yi twa ku vava, i swinene ku ya eka [[Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo|dokodela]]. == SWIKOMBO == <references /> [[Category:Nhopfu]] 9pdlky1va1exc2h7uxh9xcxfapnms6q 0 8332 42984 2026-09-30T14:50:13Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "[[File:Long bones - animation.gif|thumb|''Marhambu ya munhu'']] Marhambu Marhambu ya vumba fambiselo ra marhambu ya miri wa munhu. Munhu lonkulu u na marhambu ya madzana mambirhi na tsevu. Kuna tinxaka to hlaya ta marhambu lawa ya hlengeletiwaka hikokwalaho ka swihlawulekisi swa wona hiku angarhela, kufana na xivumbeko, ku vekiwa na swivumbeko swo engetelela. Hi ntolovelo ti avanyisiwa hi tinxaka ta ntlhanu ta marhambu lawa ya katsaka marhambu ya flat, long, short, irre..." 42984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Long bones - animation.gif|thumb|''Marhambu ya munhu'']] Marhambu Marhambu ya vumba fambiselo ra marhambu ya miri wa munhu. Munhu lonkulu u na marhambu ya madzana mambirhi na tsevu. Kuna tinxaka to hlaya ta marhambu lawa ya hlengeletiwaka hikokwalaho ka swihlawulekisi swa wona hiku angarhela, kufana na xivumbeko, ku vekiwa na swivumbeko swo engetelela. Hi ntolovelo ti avanyisiwa hi tinxaka ta ntlhanu ta marhambu lawa ya katsaka marhambu ya flat, long, short, irregular na sesamoid. Marhambu ya munhu ma ni mintirho yo hlayanyana ya nkoka emirini. Xa nkoka swinene, tina vutihlamuleri eka somatic rigidity, structural outline, erect posture na ku famba famba (e.g. bipedal gait). Hikwalaho ka ku tiya ka wona, marhambu hi wona ‘swisirhelelo’ leswikulu swa swirho swa le ndzeni na swivumbeko swin’wana leswi kumekaka emirini. Marhambu i xivumbeko xa somatic lexi vumbiwaka hi calcified connective tissue. Swilo leswi gayeriweke na ti fibre ta collagen swi endla matrix leyi nga na ti osteocytes. Ti cells leti i ti cell leti tolovelekeke swinene leti kumekaka eka marhambu lawa ya vupfeke naswona tina vutihlamuleri byo hlayisa kukula ka marhambu xikan’we naku tsindziyela. Endzeni ka matrix ya marhambu havumbirhi bya calcium na phosphate swi hlayisiwa ngopfu, leswi tiyisaka naku tsindziyela xivumbeko. Marhambu man’wana na man’wana ya hlanganisiwa na marhambu man’we kumbe ku tlula naswona ya hlanganisiwa hi ku tirhisa nhlonge (ku hambana ntsena: marhambu ya hyoid). Hi misiha leyi khomaneke ni misiha, marhambu ma tirha tanihi lever leyi fambisaka matimba ya ku famba-famba. Xiphemu xale ndzeni xa marhambu (medulla) xina marhambu yo tshwuka (ndhawu yosungula ya hematopoiesis) kutani yitele hi marhambu yo tshwuka lawa ya taleke hi ti adipose tissue. Mimbuyelo leyikulu ya kukula ka marhambu (e.g. kukula ka marhambu ya skull) i swivumbeko swa endochondral na membranous. Xihlawulekisi lexi xo hlawuleka xikan’we na xivumbeko xo angarhela xa marhambu switirhisiwa ku hlawula fambiselo ra marhambu. Marhambu lawa ngopfu ngopfu ya avanyisiwa hi tinxaka ta ntlhanu leti katsaka: Marhambu yo leha Marhambu yo koma Marhambu ya xiphepherhele Marhambu ya sesamoid Marhambu lama nga tshamisekangiki. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/bones https://www.britannica.com/science/human-skeleton khsjg8p940hedyfxtj7tjjjmnzepeal 0 8333 42988 2026-09-30T14:58:33Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377411038|Kylian Mbappé]]" 42988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kylian Mbappé Lottin''' [ A ] (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 20 Dzivamisoko 1998)i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali wa le Furwa loyi a tlangaka xirho xalemahlweni xa xipano xa La Liga xa Real Madrid naswona a va mudzaberi wa xipano xa tiko ra Furwa .Hi ku tekiwa hi vanhu vo tala tanihi un’wana wa vatlangi nghozi swinene emisaveni, un’wana wa vahlaseri nghozi eka xitukulwana xa yena, na un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu va Furwa lava tshameke va va kona, <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|date=11 April 2025|title=The 25 Best French Players of All Time—Ranked|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/the-best-french-soccer-players-of-all-time-ranking-the-top-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260718042742/https://www.si.com/soccer/the-best-french-soccer-players-of-all-time-ranking-the-top-10|archive-date=18 July 2026|accessdate=19 July 2026|website=SI|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":102">{{Cite web|last=Hill|first=Courtney|title=FIFA World Cup 2026: Where does Kylian Mbappé rank in the list of France's greatest-ever players?|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-2026-where-does-kylian-mbappe-rank-in-the-list-of-frances-greatest-ever-players|accessdate=18 July 2026|publisher=[[Olympics]]}}</ref> u tiveka hi rivilo ra yena, ku dirivula, na ku howisa . Mbappé u howisile swikoro swo tlula 400 eka ntirho wa yena wa le henhla, a ri mudzaberi lonkulu wa magoza ya nkarhi hinkwawo eka Paris Saint-Germain ( 256 ), na xipano xa rixaka xa Furwa ( 67 ). Nakambe i mutlangi loyi a nga kuma swikoweto swa le henhla eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ( 22 ). U velekiwe eParis naswona u kulele eBondy, Mbappé u sungurile kutlangela xipano xale henhla hi 2015 ka xipano xa Monaco, laha anga hlula eka xidlodlo xa 2016–17 xa Ligue 1, xidlodlo xosungula xa ligi xa xipano eka malembe ya khumekombo. Hi lembe ra 2017, ari na malembe ya khumenhungu, u sayiniwile eka Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) eka ku sayiniwa ka nkarhi hinkwawo hi ntsengo wa €180&nbsp;miliyoni, leswi endleke leswaku a va mutlangi wa vumbirhi hi ku durha swinene emisaveni. <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2018 |title=PSG trigger Kylian Mbappe's permanent transfer from Monaco |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3388743/psg-trigger-kylian-mbappes-permanent-transfer-from-monaco |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401165055/http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3388743/psg-trigger-kylian-mbappes-permanent-transfer-from-monaco |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=19 February 2018 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> U hlule khumentlhanu wa swidlodlo na PSG, ku katsa na swidlodlo swa tsevu swa Ligue 1 na mune wa Coupes de France, naswona u va pfunile ku fika eka fayinali ya Champions League hi 2020. U tlhele a heta tani hi muhowisinkulu wa le henhla wa ligi hi rhekhodo ka tsevu, naswona u hlurile eka Ligue 1 Player of the Year rhekhodo ka ntlhanu. Hi lembe ra 2024, Mbappé u sayinile na Real Madrid hi ku xaviselana mahala. Eka nguva ya yena yo sungula, u nghenise xikoro eka Khapu ya Super ya UEFA na Khapu ya FIFA Intercontinental tani hi leswi Madrid yi nga hlula swidlodlo leswi haswimbirhi. U hlurile eka Xihlangi xa Nsuku xa le Yuropa hi 2025. U vile mudzaberi lonkulu eka La Liga hi 2025 na 2026, na le ka Champions League hi 2026. Mbappé u tlangile ro sungula eka xipano xo sungula xa furwa hi lembe ra 2017. Eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 2018, u vile muntshwa wa vumbirhi, wo kunga Pelé, ku howisa eka fayinali Khapu ya Misava na ku hlula Khapu ya Misava, a xiximiwa tanihi Mutlangi lontshwa wa Khapu ya Misava na Mutlangi wa Lembe wa Furwa . U pfune Furwa ku hlula eka UEFA Nations League hi lembe ra 2021, a ri muhowisinkulu eka fayinali . Eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2022, Mbappé u rhangele Furwa eka fayinali ya vumbirhi hi ku landzelelana, laha a nga howisa swikoro swinharhu . U veke rhekhodo ya swikori leswi nga howisiwa hi ntlangu wo hetelela wa khapu ya misava(4), naswona u hlule eka mphikizano wa Golden Boot na Silver Ball . Eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2026, Mbappé u hlule Golden Boot tani hi leswi magoza ya yena ya khume ya n’wi endleke a va wa vunharhu eka ku nghenisa swikoweto eka Khapu yin’we ya Misava, a boheleriwile na Gerd Müller . Mbappé u tlhele a va mutlangi wo sungula ku wina ti Golden Boots to tala ta Khapu ya Misava . <ref name="SagarESPN">{{Cite web|title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Mbappé tops Messi with 22; Olise breaks Pelé's record with 7; Bellingham's 7 most-ever for England|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49394546/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-22-michael-olise-breaks-pele-record-7-jude-bellingham-7-most-ever-england|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260719145919/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49394546/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-22-michael-olise-breaks-pele-record-7-jude-bellingham-7-most-ever-england|archive-date=19 July 2026|accessdate=19 July 2026|website=ESPN}}</ref> [[Category:Living people]] lguoetbpwal6jio7ejimxo9o6o7n56w 0 8334 42989 2026-09-30T14:59:09Z PookieM 12510 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375858421|Amarula]]" 42989 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Amarula''' i khirimu liqueur leyi sukaka [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] . Yi endliwa hi chukele, khirimi na mihandzu ya [[Nkanyi|nsinya wa marula]] eAfrika ( ''Sclerocarya birrea'' ) lowu na kambe laha tikweni wu vuriwaka nsinya wa tindlopfu kumbe nsinya wa vukanyi. Kuna hlayo ya byala bya 17% hi volume (34 wa vumboni). Byi humelerile hi ndlela yo karhi eka mphikizano wa matiko hinkwawo ya Africa Dzongq, yi wine mendlele ya nsuku eka mphikizano wa misava hinkwayo wa mimoya wa le San Francisco hi 2009 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Amarula Cream Liqueur: Ratings and Review Summary for Amarula|url=http://www.proof66.com/liqueur/amarula-cream-liqueur.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119130759/http://www.proof66.com/liqueur/amarula-cream-liqueur.html|archive-date=2013-01-19|accessdate=2012-10-21|website=Proof66.com}}</ref> Yi na nantswo wa karamel leyi nga na mihandzu nyana . == Leswi endlekeke endzhaku == [[File:Wikimania_2025_-_Día_3_-_08.jpg|thumb| Mutirhi wa le bareni u chela Amarula. Nairobi, eKenya.]] Amarula yisungule ku xavisiwa hi Southern Liqueur khampani ya Afrika Dzonga (vini va swikombiso swa mabindzu ya sweswi na khamphani leyi nga ehansi ka yona hinkwayo ya Distell Group Limited ) tani hi liqueur September 1989, moya wa Amarula wu sunguriwile hi 1983. <ref name="HinduBusiness">{{Cite news |last=Datta |first=P.T. Jyothi |date=July 7, 2007 |title=Capturing the taste of Africa |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/08/stories/2007070850261800.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216203657/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/08/stories/2007070850261800.htm |archive-date=16 February 2009 |access-date=2009-02-09 |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=Kasturi & Sons}}</ref> Hi 2023, Distell yi xaviwile hi Heineken Beverages, naswona hi sweswo ya Amarula. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mason|first=Jessica|date=2023-04-27|title=Heineken completes Distell and Namibia Breweries acquisition|url=https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2023/04/heineken-completes-distell-and-namibia-breweries-acquisition/|accessdate=2025-11-02|website=The Drinks Business|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mihlovohlovo yo hambanahambana == * Amarula Xigwitsirisi xa Khirimi 17% ABV * Amarula Xigwitsirisi xa Khirimi ya Kofi ya le Ethiopia 15.5% ABV * Raspberry, Chocolate & African Baobab Cream Liqueur 15.5% ABV (yi sunguriwile hi 2019) * Amarula Vanilla Spice Cream Xigwitsirisi xa 15.5% ABV * Amarula Xigwitsirisi xa Vegan 15.5% ABV * Khanyisa Limited Edition 15.5% ABV - Mali leyi kumiwaka yi ya eka ku pfuxeta Khanyisa, n’wana wa ndlopfu wa albino loyi a nga riki na vatswari loyi a vavisekeke hi ntlhamu wa muhloti. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Amarula Khanyisa|url=https://amarula.com/product/limited-edition-khanyisa}}</ref> == Ku xavisiwa loku fambelanaka na tindlopfu == Tindlopfu ta le makhwatini ta le Afrika ti tsakela ku dya mihandzu ya nsinya wa [[Nkanyi|marula]] . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin135|date=2018-03-09|title=It’s Marula time, gets your trunks out!|url=https://www.sagoodnews.co.za/marula-time-gets-trunks/|accessdate=2025-11-02|website=The Home Of Great South African News|language=en-US}}</ref> Hikwalaho ka ku fambisana ka nsinya wa marula ni tindlopfu, mu endli wa byala u ti endle xikombiso xa wona naswona u seketela matshalatshala yo hlayisa tindlopfu, a seketela hi timali Nongonoko wa Vulavisisi bya Tindlopfu ta Amarula eYunivhesiti ya Natal, eDurban. <ref name="UoN">{{Cite web|title=Preliminary results of the Pilanesberg Elephant Project|url=http://www.und.ac.za/und/lesci/elephant/preliminary_results.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202121027/http://www.und.ac.za/und/lesci/elephant/preliminary_results.htm|archive-date=2 February 2009|accessdate=2009-02-09|website=Elephant Projects|publisher=University of Natal}}</ref> Eka matshalatshala yo xavisa, yi humesa swilo leswi hlengeletiwaka leswi nga ni nhloko-mhaka ya ndlopfu. <ref name="TRetail">{{Cite news |date=November 19, 2007 |title=Amarula launches on-pack Win-an-Elephant promotion |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/drinks-news/amarula-launches-on-pack-win-an-elephant-promotion |access-date=2011-02-23 |work=TalkingRetail.com |publisher=Metropolis International Group}}</ref> Muxaka lowu wu seketeliwa hi vulavisisi bya tindlopfu ku sirhelela tindlopfu naku hlayisa nhlayo ya tindlopfu. Hi lembe ra 2002, Nongonoko wa Vulavisisi bya Tindlopfu ta Amarula (AERP) wu sunguriwile ehansi ka nkongomiso wa Rob Slotow, profesa eYunivhesiti ya KwaZulu-Natal eDurban, Afrika-Dzonga. Leswi ngopfu ngopfu swi lavisisa ndlela ya vutomi, ndzhawu yo famba famba na mahanyelo ya ndlopfu ya Afrika hi xikongomelo xo sirhelela ndzhawu ya tindlopfu naku tiyisisa vumundzuku bya tona e nhoveni. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-05-04|title=The Amarula Elephant Research Programme|url=http://www.ukznfoundation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110&Itemid=70|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504224555/http://www.ukznfoundation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110&Itemid=70|archive-date=2014-05-04|accessdate=2022-06-27}}</ref> Hi lembe ra 2025, tixaka leri ri endle phurojete leyi vuriwaka vutshila bya le madorobeni leyi vuriwaka "Elephant Heart" ku seketela ndlopfu Sanctuary Brazil. Xifaniso lexi endliweke hi bolo ya disco xi rhendzele tindhawu to hlayanyana ta le São Paulo ku kondza xi fika eBeco do Batman, laha a xi ta tshama kona eZIV Galery. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mensagem|first=Meio &|date=2025-08-01|title=Amarula se volta à arte urbana com Coração de Elefante|url=https://www.meioemensagem.com.br/comunicacao/amarula-se-volta-a-arte-urbana-com-coracao-de-elefante|accessdate=2025-11-02|website=Meio e Mensagem - Marketing, Mídia e Comunicação|language=pt-br}}</ref> == Masagwadi == * Amarula Raspberry, Chokoleti & Xigwitsirisi xa Khirimu xa Baobab xa Afrika (Master - Liqueur Masters 2022) <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kiely|first=Melita|date=2022-11-02|title=The Liqueur Masters 2022 results|url=https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2022/11/the-liqueur-masters-2022/|accessdate=2023-03-06|website=The Spirits Business|language=en-US}}</ref> * Amarula Cream Liqueur (2022 Cream ya kahle swinene ya Afrika Dzonga - Masagwadi ya Liqueur ya Misava) <ref>{{Cite web|title=WORLD'S BEST CREAM WINNERS|url=https://www.worldliqueurawards.com/winner-liqueur/liqueur/2022/worlds-best-cream-36283-world-liqueur-awards-2022|website=WorldLiqueurAwards.com}}</ref> == Hangalasa == Ehandle ka Afrika Dzonga, Amarula u humelerile ngopfu eBrazil . <ref name="Fin24">{{Cite news |last=Masango |first=Gugulakhe |date=April 5, 2007 |title=Amarula gunning for top spot |url=http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&ArticleID=1518-1786_2093928 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217010756/http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&ArticleID=1518-1786_2093928 |archive-date=17 February 2009 |access-date=2009-02-09 |work=Fin24}}</ref> Yisungule kusunguriwa etikweni kwalomu ka va 90s, Amarula i liqueur ya khirimu leyi dumeke swinene eBrazil, leyingana 15% wa makete naswona ku tirhisiwa ka yona swikula hi 44% exikarhi ka 2019 na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Amarula celebra 30 anos no Brasil como líder absoluta na categoria de licores cremosos – Portal e TV Fator Brasil|url=https://www.revistafatorbrasil.com.br/2025/09/27/amarula-celebra-30-anos-no-brasil-como-lider-absoluta-na-categoria-de-licores-cremosos/|accessdate=2025-11-02|language=pt-BR}}</ref> Brazil yina engetelo wa 8% eka misava hinkwayo ya Amarula. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Buarque|first=Daniel|date=2025-09-15|title=Geração Z não bebe? Para Amarula, jovens dão impulso a expansão. E Brasil lidera|url=https://www.bloomberglinea.com.br/estilo-de-vida/geracao-z-nao-bebe-para-amarula-jovens-dao-impulso-a-expansao-e-brasil-lidera/|accessdate=2025-11-02|website=Bloomberg Línea Brasil|language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Nakambe vona == * Xihlovo xa ximun’wana {{Reflist|2}} goe07sqd9jganu29p8w7ote8l1wx1e8 0 8335 42991 2026-09-30T15:00:33Z MissJesus 12475 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375966988|Children's literature]]" 42991 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tibuku ta [[N'wana|vana]]''' kumbe tibuku ta vana ti katsa switori, tibuku, timagazini na swiphato leswi endleriweke vana. Hi ku engetela eka tibuku leti nga tolovelekeke, tibuku ta vana ta masiku lawa ti tsaliwa kuya hi hi malembe ya vahlayi, ku suka eka tibuku letikombaka swifaniso ta vana ku ya eka switori swa vantshwa lava vakulaka eka lava vanga le kusuhi ni ku kula. e3qz150do07o1dv6vr90neg3nc9w3di 0 8336 42996 2026-09-30T15:06:34Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377305421|Mbekezeli Mbokazi]]" 42996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbekezeli Mfanufikile Mbokazi''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 19 Nyenyankulu 2005), mbokazi i mutlangi loyi a tlangelaka xipano xa chicago fire eka ligi ya Majore League Soccer ni xipano xa tiko re Africa dzonga .loyi a tlangaka tani hi mutlangi wo sivela wale xikarhi e ndhaku Eku sunguleni mutlangi wa [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ' reserve team, Mbokazi u endle ntlangu wa yena wo sungula eka xipano xo sungula hi Dzivamisoko 2025. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Madyira|first=Michael|date=13 April 2025|title=Tapelo Xoki pleased by Mbekezeli Mbokazi progression in debut top-flight season for Orlando Pirates but 'we don't want to give him too much information'|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/tapelo-xoki-pleased-by-mbekezeli-mbokazi-progression-in-debut-top-flight-season-for-orlando-pirates-but-we-don-t-want-to-give-him-too-much-information/blt0733c21a0c4b2750|accessdate=5 September 2026|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Endzhaku ka lembe rero, u hlule swidlodlo swa yena swimbirhi swosungula leswikulu swa xiphurofexinali tani hileswi Orlando Pirates yinga hlula MTN 8 na Carling Knockout Cup ekusunguleni ka nguva ya 2025-26. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Madyira|first=Michael|date=10 December 2025|title=MTN8 and Carling Knockout champion Mbekezeli Mbokazi believes Orlando Pirates' winning energy' can carry Bafana Bafana at 2025 AFCON as Hugo Broos' side seek continental glory|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/mtn8-and-carling-knockout-champion-mbekezeli-mbokazi-believes-orlando-pirates-winning-energy-can-carry-bafana-bafana-at-2025-afcon-as-hugo-broos-side-seek-continental-glory/blt9c68df96f50f45c8|accessdate=5 September 2026|website=Goal}}</ref> U vile mutlangi lontsongo eka xipano xa Orlando Pirates, a endla tano ari na malembe ya khumenkaye <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Munyai|first=Ofhani|date=2025-09-04|title=Lekgwathi compares Mbokazi to legend 'Old John' Mabizela|url=https://farpost.co.za/2025/09/04/lekgwathi-compares-mbokazi-to-legend-old-john-mabizela|accessdate=2025-12-06|website=FARPost}}</ref> loko anga se sayina eka Chicago Fire. U vile murhangeri wa vatlangi wa xipano xa Pirates DDC eka PSL Reserve hi 2024.Mbokazi u tlangile ro sungula eka xipano xo sungula xa [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] hi ti 5 Dzivamisoko 2025 eka ku hlula ka 1–0 eka Chippa United . <ref>{{Cite web|date=6 March 2025|title=Pirates' new 'Mbazo' shines on debut|url=https://www.kickoff.com/sa-news/sanews/pirates-defender-mbokazi-speaks-after-impressive-debut-vs-chippa-20250306|accessdate=2025-03-22|website=Kickoff}}</ref> U hlule sagwadi ra yena ro sungula ra man of the match na Orlando Pirates loko va hlangana na Mamelodi Sundowns hi ti 16 Dzivamisoko 2025. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kohler|first=Lorenz|date=2025-03-17|title=Mbokazi - We Knew They Were Not Going To Come Out Alive|url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/betway-premiership/mbokazi-we-knew-they-were-not-going-to-come-out-alive|accessdate=2025-03-22|website=iDiski Times}}</ref> [[Category:Living people]] fr6w4njhxluirl1hfhh0egzjqpmdxy3 0 8337 43002 2026-09-30T15:09:25Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "Nomo [[File:Human Mouth Diagram.png|thumb|''Nomo wa munhu'']] Eka anatomy ya munhu, nomo i xiphemu xosungula xa alimentary canal lexi amukelaka swakudya naswona xi humesa mathe. Mucosa ya nomo i mucous membrane epithelium leyi funengetaka endzeni ka nomo. Ku engetela eka ntirho wa wona wo sungula tani hi masungulo ya fambiselo ro gayela swakudya, nomo wu tlhela wu hoxa xandla swinene eka ku vulavurisana. Hambileswi swiyenge swo sungula swa rito swi endliwaka enon’win..." 43002 wikitext text/x-wiki Nomo [[File:Human Mouth Diagram.png|thumb|''Nomo wa munhu'']] Eka anatomy ya munhu, nomo i xiphemu xosungula xa alimentary canal lexi amukelaka swakudya naswona xi humesa mathe. Mucosa ya nomo i mucous membrane epithelium leyi funengetaka endzeni ka nomo. Ku engetela eka ntirho wa wona wo sungula tani hi masungulo ya fambiselo ro gayela swakudya, nomo wu tlhela wu hoxa xandla swinene eka ku vulavurisana. Hambileswi swiyenge swo sungula swa rito swi endliwaka enon’wini, ririmi, milomu ni nhlonge na swona swa laveka leswaku ku humesiwa mimpfumawulo yo hambana-hambana leyi katsekaka eka mbulavulo. nomo wuna tindzhawu timbirhi, vestibule na oral cavity proper. nomo, lowu hi ntolovelo wu tsakamaka, wu rhendzeriwe hi mucous membrane, naswona wuna meno. Milomu yi fungha ku cinca kusuka eka mucous membrane kuya eka nhlonge, leyi funengetaka xiphemu lexikulu xa miri. nomo wuna tindzhawu timbirhi: vestibule na oral cavity proper. Vestibule i ndzhawu leyi nga exikarhi ka meno, milomu na marhama. Xirhendzevutani xa nomo xi pimiwile ematlhelo nale mahlweni hi alveolar process (leyi nga na meno) naswona endzhaku hi isthmus ya ti fauces. Fulelo ra yona ri vumbiwa hi ririmi ro tiya. Furwa ri vumbiwa hi misiha ya mylohyoid naswona ri tekiwa ngopfu hi swiphemu swimbirhi eka nharhu swa le mahlweni swa ririmi. Mucous membrane – mucosa ya nomo, yi layini ematlhelo nale hansi ka ririmi kuya eka marhimila, naswona yi layini xiphemu xale ndzeni xa nhlonge (manible). Yi amukela swilo leswi humaka eka submandibular na sublingual salivary glands. Ndzilakano wa le ndzhaku wa xirho xa nomo (i.e., ku hlangana exikarhi ka xirho xa nomo na oropharynx) wu katsa ku hlangana ka ririmi ro tiya na palate yo olova ehenhla, circumvallate papillae ya ririmi ehansi, na retromolar trigone. Milomu nomo wa munhu lowu pfalekeke. Milomu yi hlangana leswaku yi pfala ndhawu leyi pfulekeke ya nomo, yi endla layini exikarhi ka nomo wa le henhla ni wa le hansi. Eka xivumbeko xa xikandza, layini leyi ya nomo yi vumbiwile hi ndlela ya xifaniso ku fana na parabola leyi pfulekeke ehenhla hi ku n’wayitela, naswona ku fana na parabola leyi pfulekeke ehansi hi ku rhurhumela. nomo lowu hundzuriweke ehansi swivula layini ya nomo leyi endlaka parabola leyi hundzuriweke ehansi, naswona loko ya tshama yari kona yingava ya ntolovelo. Nakambe, nomo lowu hundzukeke ehansi wu nga va xiphemu xa ku kombisiwa ka vuvabyi bya Prader–Willi. Mphakelo wa misiha Meno na periodontium (ti tissues leti seketelaka meno) ti innervated hi maxillary na mandibular nerves – ku avana ka trigeminal nerve. Meno ya maxillary (ya le henhla) na ligament ya wona ya periodontal leyi fambelanaka na wona ya nghenisiwa hi misiha ya alveolar yale henhla, marhavi ya xiyenge xa ​​maxillary, lawa ya vuriwaka posterior superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve, na middle superior alveolar nerve leyi nga kona hiku cinca cinca. Ti nerves leti ti endla superior dental plexus ehenhla ka meno ya maxillary. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories/coalitions-leave-bitter-taste-voters-mouths-ff-plus<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-0909-2020|title=Coalitions leave a bitter taste in voters’ mouths - FF Plus - eNCA|url=https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories/coalitions-leave-bitter-taste-voters-mouths-ff-plus|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.enca.com|language=en}}</ref> 09vrenuzg2iss04ns933ic5l7b43pny 0 8338 43013 2026-09-30T15:15:15Z VanBestern 12517 Ndzi humelerise atikili ya Xipikiri 43013 wikitext text/x-wiki === 1. Nhlamuselo ya xipikiri === Xipikiri i xitirhisiwa lexi endliwaka hi nsimbi naswona xi tirhisiwa ku hlanganisa swilo swo hambana. Hi ntolovelo, xi lehini naswona xa kariha emakumu, kasi ehenhla xi na nhloko leyi tirhisiwaka loko xi biwa. Ku endla leswaku xipikiri xi nghena endzeni ka pulanga munhu u tirhisa hamele. Ntirho wa xona i ku tiyisisa leswaku swiphemu leswi hlanganisiweke swi khomelelana kahle naswona a swi hambani hi ku olova.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nail {{!}} Types, Uses & History {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/nail-fastener|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> === 2. Ntirho wa xipikiri === Swipikiri swi ni nkoka lowukulu eka mintirho yo aka ni ku lunghisa. Vatirhi va ku aka va swi tirhisa loko va hlanganisa mapulanga,loko va endla tinyangwa, mafasitere, maribye yo tala ya ku aka ni swilo swin’wana. Eka ku endla fenichara, xipikiri xi nga tirhisiwa ku khomanisa swiphemu swa switulu, matafula, tikhabodo ni mibedwa. Hikuva xi endla leswaku swilo swi tiya, xipikiri xi tekiwa xi ri xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka mintirho leyi.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-09-21 |title=Nail (fastener) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nail_(fastener)&oldid=1376060756 |language=en}}</ref> === 3. Ku hlayisa ni ku tirhisa xipikiri === Ku tirhisa xipikiri swi lava leswaku munhu a va ni vukheta hikuva xi nga vavisa loko xi tirhisiwa hi ndlela leyi nga riki yona. Hamele yi fanele yi khomiwa kahle naswona munhu u fanele a papalata ku ba xipikiri a ri ekusuhi ni vanhu van’wana nakambe xipikiri xa nsimbi xi nga sungula ku bola loko xi tshamela ku va endhawini leyi nga ni mati kumbe ndzhongho. Ku xi hlayisa endhawini yo oma swi pfuna leswaku xi nga hatli xi onhaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stainless Steel Nails - Galvanised Nails - Aluminium Nails - Stanley Bostitch. {{!}} bostitch.co.uk|url=https://bostitch.co.uk/support/more-information/about-nails/the-finishes/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=bostitch.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Prevent Rust on Iron Nails in Outdoor Applications|url=https://www.ironwirefactorys.com/news/how-to-prevent-rust-on-iron-nails-in-outdoor-applications.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ironwirefactorys.com}}</ref> === 4. Nkoka wa xipikiri evuton'wini === [[File:Nails.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa swipikiri]] Hambiloko xipikiri xi ri xitsongo, xi pfuna swinene eka mintirho ya siku na siku. Xi endla leswaku vanhu va kota ku aka ni ku lunghisa swilo swo tala leswi tirhisiwaka emindyangwini,eswikolweni ni le tindhawini to hambana hambana. Xi tlhela xi pfuna vanhu ku endla swilo leswi va swi lavaka handle ko tirhisa switirhisiwa swo tala. Hikuva hi swona, xipikiri i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka lexi nga ni xiave lexikulu eka ku aka ni ku tiyisisa swilo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-11|title=The Role of Steel Nails in Modern Sustainable Construction {{!}} Litnaglis|url=https://www.litnaglis.com/steel-nails-in-sustainable-construction/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> b15yzz522tr2owsbubsnqwlbz3i1jsw 0 8339 43017 2026-09-30T15:16:48Z Zeeluna 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355105489|Root]]" 43017 wikitext text/x-wiki Eka swimilani swa vascular, '''timintsu''' i swirho swa ximilani leswi cinciwaka kuva swinyika anchorage eka ximilani naku teka mati na swakudya emirhini wa ximilani, leswi pfumelelaka swimilani ku kula swi leha naswona swi hatlisa. <ref name="Stevens2019">{{Cite book |last=Harley Macdonald & Donovan Stevens |date=3 September 2019 |title=Biotechnology and Plant Biology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141 |publisher=EDTECH |isbn=978-1-83947-180-3 |pages=141–}}</ref> Hakanyingi tiva ehansi ka vuandlalo bya misava, kambe timintsu tinga tlhela tiva emoyeni kumbe leti humesaka moya, leswi vulaka leswaku ti kula ehenhla ka misava kumbe ngopfu ngopfu ehenhla ka mati. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nguyen |first=Linh Thuy My |last2=Hoang |first2=Hanh Thi |last3=Choi |first3=Eunho |last4=Park |first4=Pil Sun |date=2023-07-05 |title=Distribution of mangroves with different aerial root morphologies at accretion and erosion sites in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=287 |article-number=108324 |bibcode=2023ECSS..28708324N |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108324 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Timintsu ti endla mitirho yo hlaya ya nkoka na yo hlawuleka leyi seketelaka ku kula ka swimilani, ku kula na ku hanya. '''Mitirho ya tona leyikulu''' i ku khoma (anchorage), ku tekiwa (ku amukela) mati na timinerali leti n’okisiweke, na ku fambisa switirhisiwa leswi kuya eka xirhabyani. Ehandle ka leswi, timintsu ti endla '''mitirho''' yohambana hambana ya nkoka '''ya vumbirhi''' xikan’we naku cinca cinca — ku hlayisiwa ka vuhlayiselo, ku hlanganisiwa ka swilawuri swa kukula, ku cincana ka gasi eka tindzhawu letinga tala mati, ku olovisa ku kumiwa ka swakudya swa symbiotic, na ku hangalaka ka swimilani. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Root|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant|accessdate=2 November 2025|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref> '''Anchorage na nseketelo wa michini.''' Timintsu ti lulamisa ximilani eka substrate naswona ti lwisana na matimba ya michini (moya, ku khuluka ka mati); maendlelo ya timintsu lawa ya tiyeke yana nkoka eka ku tshamiseka ka swibyariwa xikan’we naku sivela vutshamo. <ref name="Zeiger Taiz">{{Cite book |last=Taiz |first=L. |year=2010 |title=Plant Physiology and Development |last2=Zeiger |first2=E. |publisher=Sinauer Associates/Oxford University Press |edition=3rd}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Roots and Root Systems (chapter)|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/2830/Chapter%205.%20Roots%20and%20Root%20Systems.pdf|accessdate=2 November 2025|publisher=University of Delaware}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == {{Reflist|30em}} f9azf2be4hhumeplk3u7nnke7ygi9bj 2 8340 43019 2026-09-30T15:17:55Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 5" 43019 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 5 4h3etzdxc2wnxlbx9nq4d21m0bs0er4 43021 43019 2026-09-30T15:31:49Z GracaK 12512 43021 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 5 MARHUMBU Marhumbu i swakudya leswi humaka eka swifuwo swo fana na tihomu, tinyimpfu ni timbuti. Ma ni nantswo wo hambana naswona vanhu vo tala va ma tsakela. Marhumbu ma fanele ma basisiwa kahle naswona ma swekiwa kahle leswaku ma va lama hlayisekeke ku dya. Ma nga swekiwa hi tindlela to hambana leswaku ma va na nantswo wo nandziha. Marhumbu ma nga dyiwa na vuswa, rice kumbe miroho. I swakudya leswi rhandziwaka emidyangwini yo tala naswona swi nga dyiwa hi nkarhi wa swakudya swa ninhlikanhi kumbe madyambu. cfmr232gqh4kwtlbhnl4556fchbk5l5 43028 43021 2026-09-30T15:47:04Z GracaK 12512 43028 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 5 MARHUMBU [[File:Chicken intestine.jpg|thumb|260x260px]] '''Marhumbu''' i swakudya leswi humaka eka swifuwo swo fana na tihomu, tinyimpfu ni timbuti. Ma ni nantswo wo hambana naswona [[vanhu]] vo tala va ma tsakela. Marhumbu ma fanele ma basisiwa kahle naswona ma swekiwa kahle leswaku ma va lama hlayisekeke ku dya. Ma nga swekiwa hi tindlela to hambana leswaku ma va na nantswo wo nandziha.<ref name=":1">[https://realitypathing.com/types-of-intestines-and-their-roles-across-the-animal-kingdom/ Types of Intestines and Their Roles Across the Animal Kingdom]</ref>Marhumbu ma nga dyiwa na vuswa, rice kumbe miroho.<ref name=":1" /> I swakudya leswi rhandziwaka emidyangwini yo tala naswona swi nga dyiwa hi nkarhi wa [[swakudya]] swa ninhlikanhi kumbe madyambu. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Marhumbu]] gvt3j5aj8hacj1ne9stunn5gwjdvxnv 0 8341 43020 2026-09-30T15:23:19Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377531863|Luka Modrić]]" 43020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luka Modrić''' (  ; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lȗka|url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e15vWBE%3D|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035134/http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e15vWBE%3D|archive-date=26 December 2018|accessdate=17 March 2018|website=Hrvatski jezični portal|language=hr|quote=Lȗka}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=mȍdar|url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e1lhWBM%3D&keyword=modar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035136/http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e1lhWBM%3D&keyword=modar|archive-date=26 December 2018|accessdate=17 March 2018|website=Hrvatski jezični portal|language=hr|quote=Módrić}}</ref> u velekiwe hi ti 9 Nyenyankulu 1985) i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wo huma eCroatia loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wa le xikarhi eka xipano Serie A xa AC Milan naswona i vakaputeni va xipano xa tiko ra Croatia .U tekiwa ngopfu tanihi un'wana wa vatlangi va le xikarhi va nghozi va nkarhi hinkwawo naswona tanihi mutlangi lonkulu wa bolo ya milenge wa le Croatia ematin'wini . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] .Hi 34 wa swidlodlo leswikulu, i mutlangi la khavisiweke swinene wa le Croatia naswona u le ka xiyimo xa vunharhu emisaveni hinkwayo eka mintlangu ya nkarhi hinkwawo ya matiko ya misava .Ku engetela kwalaho,u tlhela a va un’wana wa nhlayo leyi hlawuriweke ya vatlangi lava nga tlanga ku tlula 1 100 wa mitlangu (mutlangi wa Croatia wo sungula ku fikelela swiendlo leswi, tanihi leswi nkarhi lowu mintlangu yi rhekhodiweke ha wona). Modrić u sungurile ku tlanga eka xipano xa Dinamo Zagreb xale Croatia kusukela hi lembe ra 2003 kufika 2008 – hi nkarhi wun’wana a lombisiwile eka Zrinjski Mostar na Inter Zaprešić a hlula swidlodlo swa tsevu swa laha kaya. U sayiniwile eka Tottenham Hotspur hi 2008, leswi nga va rhangela eka ku fikelela eka UEFA Champions League hi 2010, ku nga ku fikelela ko sungula ka xipano lexi endzhaku ka kwalomu ka khumentlhanu wa malembe. Modrić u joyine Real Madrid hi ntsengo wa £30 million hi lembe ra 2012.U hlule xidlodlo xa 2013/14 xa Champions League naswona u hlawuriwile eka xipano xa nguva leyi . Modrić ari xirho xa nkoka xa swidlodlo swinharhu swa Champions League leswi landzelelanaka swa xipano kusukela hi 2015–16 kuya eka 2017–18, a thyiwe vito eka xipano xa nguva nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana. Hi ku angarhela,u hlule swidlodlo swa 28 leswikulu na xipano lexi, ku katsa na swidlodlo swa tsevu swa UEFA Champions League, swidlodlo swa mune swa La Liga, na swidlodlo swimbirhi swa Copa del Rey, leswi n’wi endleke mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge loyi a khavisiweke ngopfu eka Real Madrid. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Mark |date=19 December 2024 |title=Luka Modrić Leads Real Madrid to Intercontinental Glory, Secures Record 28th Trophy |url=https://www.thedubrovniktimes.com/news/croatia/item/17320-luka-modric-leads-real-madrid-to-intercontinental-glory-secures-record-28th-trophy |access-date=19 December 2024 |work=The Dubrovnik Times}}</ref>U joyine AC Milan hi lembe ra 2025 hi ku cinca ka mahala. [[Category:Living people]] 8z4x9wl7rvkp19kwuomsdj5qdcyib7f 0 8342 43022 2026-09-30T15:35:03Z Zeeluna 12489 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373877171|Towel]]" 43022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thawula''' i xiphemu xa lapi leri ntswongaka, kumbe phepha, leri tirhisiwaka ku omisa kumbe ku sula ndhawu yo karhi. Mathawula ya koka ndzhongho hiku hlangana hiku kongoma. Eka mindyangu, ku tirhisiwa mixaka yo hambana-hambana ya mathawula eka mitirho yo hambana-hambana, yo tanihi mathawula ya mavoko, mathawula yo hlamba ni mathawula ya le khixini. Mathawula yo hlamba na mathawula ya mavoko hi ntolovelo ya endliwa hi khotoni, linen, bamboo na ti microfibers to endliwa. Hakanyingi Mathawula ya maphepha ya nyikeriwa eka swihambukelo swa mabindzu kumbe swa le hofisini, hi ku tirhisa xitirhisiwa xo nyika, leswaku vatirhisi va omisa mavoko ya vona. Ya tlhela ya tirhisiwa eka mintirho yo fana na ku sula, ku basisa na ku omisa. Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana rosungula BCE, Strabo u hlamusela asbestos leyi "yi kamiwa naku lukiwa ... kuva yiva mathawula" leyi ayi basisiwa endzhaku ko tirhisiwa hiku yi veka endzilweni kutlula ku yi hlantswiwa. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Strabo |year=1928 |title=The Geography of Strabo |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/10A*.html |publisher=Harvard University Press |series=Loeb Classical Library |volume=V |translator-last=Jones |translator-first=Horace Leonard |chapter=Book X, Chapter 1 |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> Ku tumbuluxiwa ka thawula ra manguva lawa, leri endliweke hi terrycloth, hi ntolovelo ku fambisana ni doroba ra Bursa, [[Turkey|eTurkey]], hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-17 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jitendra Pratap |date=2017 |title=Woven terry fabrics: manufacturing and quality management |last2=Verma |first2=Swadesh |publisher=The Textile Institute, Elsevier/Woodhead Publishing, Woodhead Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-100686-3 |series=Woodhead publishing series in textiles |location=Amsterdam ; Boston}}</ref> . Mathawula lawa ya le Turkey a ya sungula tanihi xiphepherhele, lexi lukiweke xa khotoni kumbe lineni lexi vuriwaka ''peshtamal'', lexi hakanyingi xi lukiweke hi mavoko. Ku leha ku ringana ku phutsela miri, ti peshtamal eku sunguleni a ti tsindziyerile swinene, kambe sweswi ti anama naswona hi ntolovelo ti lehe {{Convert|90|x|170|cm|in}} . <ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Towel|url=http://www.jennifershamam.com/education/history-of-the-towel.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509003955/http://www.jennifershamam.com/education/history-of-the-towel.html|archive-date=9 May 2015|accessdate=28 April 2015|website=Jeniffer's Hamam}}</ref> Peshtamel ayi tirhisiwa eka ti hammams ("Turkish baths") tanihi leswi a yi tshama yi olova loko yi tsakama naswona a yi tswonga ngopfu. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Marchese |first=Ronald T. |date=2005 |title=The Fabric of Life: Cultural Transformations in Turkish Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOcWWutNIi0C&dq=Pestemal+Turkish+bath&pg=PA171 |publisher=Global Academic Publishing |isbn=978-1-58684-256-7 |language=en}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == {{Reflist}} huc5rfclgef4mc3591xxotmrdosh3sl 0 8343 43024 2026-09-30T15:40:24Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377162518|Lionel Messi]]" 43024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lionel Andrés''' " '''Leo''' " '''Messi''' [ B ] (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 24 Nhlangula 1987)i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wohuma eArgentina loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wale mahlweni wa xipano xa Major League Soccer xa Inter Miami,lexi a nga xikaputeni xa xona, na xipano xa rixaka xa Argentina.Hi ku tekiwa hi vanhu vo tala tanihi un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu ematin’wini,u tshovile tirhekhodo to tala ta swidlodlo swa munhu ari yexe leswi a swi kumeke eka ntirho wa yena hinkwawo wa bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali, ku katsa na tsevu wa Ballons d’Or,tsevu wa European Golden Shoes, na ku hlawuriwa tanihi mutlangi lonene emisaveni hi FIFA minkarhi ya tsevu.[ D ]U hlawuriwile tani hi All Time Men’s World Best Player hi IFFHS hi 2025.Hi lembe ra 2020 na 2023 u hlawuriwile tani hi Laureus World Sportsman of the Year, a va mutlangi wo sungula wa mintlangu ya xipano ku wina sagwadi leri. A a ri exikarhi ka vanhu va 100 ' ''Time'' lava nga ni nkucetelo swinene emisaveni hi 2011, 2012 na 2023. Messi i mutlangi la khavisiweke swinene ematin’wini ya bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali,u hlule swidlodlo swa swipano swa 46[ E ]eka ku tlanga 1,150 wa mitlangu ya ntirho wa yena . <ref name="Players with most appearances – Trade Brains – Lionel Messi">{{Cite web|date=22 August 2025|title=Top 7 Players with Most Appearances in Football History (Updated 2025) – Who Tops the List?|url=https://tradebrains.in/top-7-players-with-most-appearances-in-football-history-updated-2025-who-tops-the-list/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260901215608/https://tradebrains.in/top-7-players-with-most-appearances-in-football-history-updated-2025-who-tops-the-list/|archive-date=1 September 2026|accessdate=1 September 2026|website=TradeBrains}}</ref> Tirhekhodo ta yena ti katsa swikoro swo tala eka lembe ra khalendara(91),ku pfuneta ko tala eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA (12), na ku pfuneta ko tala eka bolo ya milenge ya matiko ya misava (65).U howisile ku tlula 930 wa magoza ya ntirho wa le henhla naswona u nyikile ku tlula 420 wa ku pfuneta eka xipano na tiko, leswi endleke leswaku a va wa vumbirhi hi ku nghenisa magoza na mupfuneti ku howisa wa le henhla eka matimu ya bolo ya milenge. Messi u vekiwile tani hi mutlangi loyi a hakeriwaka mali yo tala emisaveni hinkwayo hi ''Forbes'' hi 2019 na 2022. Hi lembe ra 2020,u vile mutlangi wa vumbirhi wa bolo ya milenge na mutlangi wa vumbirhi wa mintlangu ya swipano ku tlula $1&nbsp;tibiliyoni ta miholo ya ntirho.Hi lembe ra 2026,u humelerile eka nxaxamelo wa ''Forbes wa'' ''The World’s Billionaires'' hi rifuwo ra $1.1 wa tibiliyoni. [[Category:Living people]] t9gk2naua3bg06ee2s3dyoholknevti 2 8344 43030 2026-09-30T15:49:18Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 6" 43030 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 6 rkhk6zefiilpb3b3secriwwt1sfs1ve 43039 43030 2026-09-30T16:06:18Z GracaK 12512 43039 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya mina ya vu 6 [[File:Human right ear (cropped).jpg|thumb|325x325px|ndleve]] == TINDLEVE == '''Tindleve''' i swirho swa miri leswi hi swi tirhisaka ku twa mpfumawulo.<ref name=":1">[https://www.britannica.com/science/ear Human ear | Structure, Function, & Parts | Britannica]</ref> Hi tirhisa tindleve ku twa [[vanhu]] loko va karhi va vula kumbe ku twa mpfumawulo wa swilo leswi fambaka.<ref name=":1" /> Hi fanele hi hlayisa tindleve ta hina leswaku ti nga vaviseki. A hi fanelanga hi nghenisa swilo swi swinwana endzeni ka tindleve, naswona hi fanele hi papalata [[mpfumawulo]] lowukulu swinene. == SWIKOMBO == kmzt3aj4pn5ttovmp5wfnwa1doln94m 0 8345 43035 2026-09-30T15:57:12Z VanBestern 12517 Ndzi tumbuluxe atikili ya Xikamu 43035 wikitext text/x-wiki Xikamu i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka lexi tirhisiwaka ku lulamisa, ku basisa ni ku sasekisa misisi. Hi ntolovelo xi endliwa hi pulasitiki, ntsandza kumbe nsimbi. Xi ni meno yo tala lama pakaneke, lama pfunaka ku tsema ku hlangana ka misisi ni ku endla leswaku yi hlelekile. Xikamu xi tirhisiwa hi vanhu lavakulu, vana, vavanuna ni vavasati eka masiku yo tala.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=Definition of COMB|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comb|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> Xikamu xi pfuna munhu ku khathalela misisi ya yena hi ndlela yo olova. Loko misisi yi hlangane kumbe yi ri ni swiphepherhele, xikamu xi nga tirhisiwa ku yi lulamisa. Xi tlhela xi pfuna munhu ku endla switayili swo hambana-hambana swa misisi. Loko munhu a heta ku hlamba misisi, a nga tirhisa xikamu ku yi hlela kahle. Hambi loko munhu a ya exikolweni, entirhweni kumbe emutini, xikamu xi nga n’wi pfuna leswaku a languteka a basile naswona a hlelekile.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-05|title=Benefits of Combing Your Hair – SHAZ & KIKS|url=https://www.shazandkiks.com/blogs/read/combing-your-hair-does-a-scalp-good|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shazandkiks.com|language=en}}</ref> Hambiswiritano, xikamu xi fanele ku tirhisiwa hi vukheta. Loko munhu a koka misisi swinene, a nga vavisa nhloko kumbe a onha misisi. I swinene ku sungula ku kama hi le makumu ka misisi kutani u ya ehenhla hi ku nonoka. Nakambe, xikamu xi fanele ku basisiwa nkarhi na nkarhi leswaku xi nga vi ni thyaka kumbe switsongwatsongwana. A hi swinene ku tirhisa xikamu xa munhu un’wana handle ko xi basisa, hikuva xi nga va ni thyaka leri nga hundziseriwaka eka munhu un’wana.<ref>{{Cite web|last=girusii.s|date=2025-06-16|title=How to Comb Afro Hair Without Breakage|url=https://frohub.com/how-to-comb-afro-hair-without-breakage/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=FroHub|language=en-GB}}</ref> Xikamu xi tlhela xi va xa nkoka swinene eka ndhavuko ni le ka ndlela leyi vanhu va ti langutisaka ha yona. Misisi leyi kamiweke yi nga endla leswaku munhu a titwa a tsakile naswona a titshemba. Vatswari va tala ku pfuna vana va vona ku kama misisi ni ku yi endla kahle loko va ya exikolweni. Hi ndlela leyi, xikamu a hi xitirhisiwa xo lulamisa misisi ntsena, kambe xi tlhela xi pfuna vanhu ku hlayisa vuhlayiseki ni ku languteka kahle. Hikuva xikamu xi pfuna swinene eka ku khathalela misisi, i swa nkoka ku va munhu un’wana ni un’wana a va na xona naswona a tiva ndlela leyinene yo xi tirhisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Surprising Benefits of Combing Hair for Healthy Locks|url=https://smytten.com/blogs/haircare/7-surprising-benefits-of-combing-hair-for-healthy-locks|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Smytten|language=en}}</ref> 89qj9nz1naxbhr00bayzabsyda6g46b 43038 43035 2026-09-30T15:59:06Z VanBestern 12517 Ndzi humelerise atikili ya Xikamu 43038 wikitext text/x-wiki Xikamu i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka lexi tirhisiwaka ku lulamisa, ku basisa ni ku sasekisa misisi. Hi ntolovelo xi endliwa hi pulasitiki, ntsandza kumbe nsimbi. Xi ni meno yo tala lama pakaneke, lama pfunaka ku tsema ku hlangana ka misisi ni ku endla leswaku yi hlelekile. Xikamu xi tirhisiwa hi vanhu lavakulu, vana, vavanuna ni vavasati eka masiku yo tala.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=Definition of COMB|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comb|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> Xikamu xi pfuna munhu ku khathalela misisi ya yena hi ndlela yo olova. Loko misisi yi hlangane kumbe yi ri ni swiphepherhele, xikamu xi nga tirhisiwa ku yi lulamisa. Xi tlhela xi pfuna munhu ku endla switayili swo hambana-hambana swa misisi. Loko munhu a heta ku hlamba misisi, a nga tirhisa xikamu ku yi hlela kahle. Hambi loko munhu a ya exikolweni, entirhweni kumbe emutini, xikamu xi nga n’wi pfuna leswaku a languteka a basile naswona a hlelekile.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-05|title=Benefits of Combing Your Hair – SHAZ & KIKS|url=https://www.shazandkiks.com/blogs/read/combing-your-hair-does-a-scalp-good|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shazandkiks.com|language=en}}</ref> Hambiswiritano, xikamu xi fanele ku tirhisiwa hi vukheta. Loko munhu a koka misisi swinene, a nga vavisa nhloko kumbe a onha misisi. I swinene ku sungula ku kama hi le makumu ka misisi kutani u ya ehenhla hi ku nonoka. Nakambe, xikamu xi fanele ku basisiwa nkarhi na nkarhi leswaku xi nga vi ni thyaka kumbe switsongwatsongwana. A hi swinene ku tirhisa xikamu xa munhu un’wana handle ko xi basisa, hikuva xi nga va ni thyaka leri nga hundziseriwaka eka munhu un’wana.<ref>{{Cite web|last=girusii.s|date=2025-06-16|title=How to Comb Afro Hair Without Breakage|url=https://frohub.com/how-to-comb-afro-hair-without-breakage/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=FroHub|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Plastic comb, 2015-06-07.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa xikamu]] Xikamu xi tlhela xi va xa nkoka swinene eka ndhavuko ni le ka ndlela leyi vanhu va ti langutisaka ha yona. Misisi leyi kamiweke yi nga endla leswaku munhu a titwa a tsakile naswona a titshemba. Vatswari va tala ku pfuna vana va vona ku kama misisi ni ku yi endla kahle loko va ya exikolweni. Hi ndlela leyi, xikamu a hi xitirhisiwa xo lulamisa misisi ntsena, kambe xi tlhela xi pfuna vanhu ku hlayisa vuhlayiseki ni ku languteka kahle. Hikuva xikamu xi pfuna swinene eka ku khathalela misisi, i swa nkoka ku va munhu un’wana ni un’wana a va na xona naswona a tiva ndlela leyinene yo xi tirhisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Surprising Benefits of Combing Hair for Healthy Locks|url=https://smytten.com/blogs/haircare/7-surprising-benefits-of-combing-hair-for-healthy-locks|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Smytten|language=en}}</ref> e9qbgs4tfd8g9jmce4lky3z8uv4hney 0 8346 43036 2026-09-30T15:57:44Z MissJesus 12475 WROTE AN ARTICLE 43036 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Nghala ya nhova''' === [[Nghala]] i xiharhi lexikulu xa nhova lexi tivekaka hi ntamu, vunhenha ni vuswikoti byo hlota. Nghala yi ni meno yo kariha, milenge leyi tiyeke ni miri lowu tiyeke, leswi yi pfunaka ku khoma swakudya. Nghala yi tala ku hanya emigangeni ya nhova ni le tindhawini leti nga ni byanyi byo tala, laha yi kumaka swakudya swo fana na timhuti, tinyimpfu ta nhova ni swiharhi swin’wana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-24|title=Lion {{!}} Characteristics, Habitat, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/lion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Nghala i xiphemu xa nkoka xa ntumbuluko hikuva yi pfuna ku lawula nhlayo ya [[swiharhi]] swin’wana eka mbangu. Nghala ya xinuna yi nga vonaka hi vunhongo bya yona, kasi tinghala ta xisati ti tala ku tirhisana loko ti hlota ni ku hlayisa vana. Hikuva nghala i xiharhi xa nkoka eka mbangu, swi fanerile leswaku yi sirheleriwa ni ku hlayisiwa leswaku yi ya ematshan'weni yo nyamalala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lion - Leo Panthera - African Lion|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_lion.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}</ref> gbbowtjbcjz34w8jlp8a63y06j2r2qb 0 8347 43037 2026-09-30T15:58:40Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377098351|Sergio Ramos]]" 43037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Ramos García''' (  ; [ A ]u velekiwile hi ti 30 Dzivamisoko 1986)i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa le Spain loyi a tlangaka tanihi mudzaberi wa le xikarhi .Hi ku tekiwa hi vanhu vo tala tanihi un’wana wa vahlayisi lavakulu va le xikarhi va nkarhi hinkwawo, u tiveka hi vuswikoti bya yena byo haha empfhukeni, miri, vurhangeri, na vuswikoti byo nghenisa magoza, u nghenise magoza yo tlula 100 eka Real Madrid .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hepburn|first=Daniel|date=9 April 2020|title=Fans have ranked the 50 best defenders in football history|url=https://www.givemesport.com/football-fans-rank-the-50-greatest-defenders-in-football-history/|accessdate=10 February 2026|website=GiveMeSport|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=10 greatest defenders of all time{{!}} All Football|url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/All/10-greatest-defenders-of-all-time/2760135|accessdate=10 February 2026|website=AllfootballOfficial|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2024|title=The 50 Best Defenders in Soccer History—Ranked|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/ranking-the-50-best-soccer-defenders-of-all-time|accessdate=10 February 2026|website=SI|language=en-US}}</ref>Ku engetela kwalaho,i un’wana wa vatlangi va nga ri vangani lava tlangeke ku tlula 1000 wa mintlangu ya ntirho wa vona . U velekiwile eCamas exifundzheni xa Spain xa Seville, Ramos u tlangile eka xikolo xa vantshwa xa Sevilla naswona u hete tinguva timbirhi na xipano xa le henhla,a nga si rhurhela eReal Madrid hi ximumu xa 2005.Uyile emahlweni a va xiseketelo xa xipano lexi,laha anga wina 22 wa swidlodlo leswikulu, kukatsa na ntlhanu wa swidlodlo swa La Liga na mune wa swidlodlo swa UEFA Champions League .A ari wa nkoka eka matshalatshala hinkwawo yo hlula ya Champions League,tani hileswi a hlawuriweke eka Xipano xa Nguva ya mphikizano nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana.Loko a nga ri na kontraka na Real Madrid,u sayinile xipano xa Ligue 1 xa Paris Saint-Germain hi Nhlangula 2021,a heta tinguva timbirhi eka xipano lexi naswona a hlula eka Ligue 1 kambirhi,a nga si tlhelela eSevilla ku ringana nguva yin’we.Endzhaku ko suka eSevilla,Ramos u joyine xipano xa Liga MX Monterrey,laha a nga va mukaputeni wa xipano naswona a tlangile eka nkandziyiso wo sungula wa Khapu ya Misava ya Tiklabu ta FIFA leyi andlariweke . [[Category:Living people]] j4a0xdt0mijphwgkt1ffmoef8my2z90 2 8348 43040 2026-09-30T16:07:31Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7" 43040 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7 42paxgc1q4nyh3k1xkdw8higuz861s0 43046 43040 2026-09-30T16:21:55Z GracaK 12512 43046 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7 MATINO '''Matino''' i swirho swa miri leswi kumekaka endzeni ka nomu. Hi ma tirhisa ku kandza ni ku hlafuna [[swakudya]] leswaku swi olova ku swi mita. Matino ma tlhela ma pfuna eku twariseni marito hi ndlela leyi faneleke. Hi fanele hi hlayisa matino ya hina hi ku ma basisa siku na siku. ku hlamba matino hi xipulani ni xikulu xa meno swi pfuna ku sivela [[mavabyi]] ya matino ni ku ma hlayisa ma tiyile. eybtd8k5u89yyo8xli8jmsxwduhokmu 43048 43046 2026-09-30T16:24:49Z GracaK 12512 43048 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7 MATINO '''Matino''' i swirho swa miri leswi kumekaka endzeni ka nomu. Hi ma tirhisa ku kandza ni ku hlafuna [[swakudya]] leswaku swi olova ku swi mita. Matino ma tlhela ma pfuna eku twariseni marito hi ndlela leyi faneleke.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_tooth|Human tooth - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa matino ya hina hi ku ma basisa siku na siku.<ref name=":1" /> ku hlamba matino hi xipulani ni xikulu xa meno swi pfuna ku sivela [[mavabyi]] ya matino ni ku ma hlayisa ma tiyile. == SWIKOMBO == my1fzlv2zg0pnrnlkop6yo87bjdbbyx 43049 43048 2026-09-30T16:26:23Z GracaK 12512 43049 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7 [[File:Bottom teeth full set.jpg|thumb|matino]] == MATINO == '''Matino''' i swirho swa miri leswi kumekaka endzeni ka nomu. Hi ma tirhisa ku kandza ni ku hlafuna [[swakudya]] leswaku swi olova ku swi mita. Matino ma tlhela ma pfuna eku twariseni marito hi ndlela leyi faneleke.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_tooth|Human tooth - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa matino ya hina hi ku ma basisa siku na siku.<ref name=":1" /> ku hlamba matino hi xipulani ni xikulu xa meno swi pfuna ku sivela [[mavabyi]] ya matino ni ku ma hlayisa ma tiyile. == SWIKOMBO == go9sfr3vcpqar2ngntrm4d3svhbycgx 43050 43049 2026-09-30T16:27:27Z GracaK 12512 43050 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 7 [[File:Bottom teeth full set.jpg|thumb|matino]] == MATINO == '''Matino''' i swirho swa miri leswi kumekaka endzeni ka nomu. Hi ma tirhisa ku kandza ni ku hlafuna [[swakudya]] leswaku swi olova ku swi mita. Matino ma tlhela ma pfuna eku twariseni marito hi ndlela leyi faneleke.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Human_tooth|Human tooth - Wikipedia]]</ref> Hi fanele hi hlayisa matino ya hina hi ku ma basisa siku na siku.<ref name=":1" /> ku hlamba matino hi xipulani ni xikulu xa meno swi pfuna ku sivela [[mavabyi]] ya matino ni ku ma hlayisa ma tiyile. == SWIKOMBO == <references /> [[Category:Meno]] 51iyaopqwxexua97ul5enkvcn07g6b7 0 8349 43041 2026-09-30T16:08:21Z MissJesus 12475 Ndzi tsale matsalwa hi Nghala ya nhova 43041 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Nghala ya nhova''' === [[File:NGHALA.jpg|thumb]] [[Nghala]] i xiharhi lexikulu xa nhova lexi tivekaka hi ntamu, vunhenha ni vuswikoti byo hlota. Nghala yi ni meno yo kariha, milenge leyi tiyeke ni miri lowu tiyeke, leswi yi pfunaka ku khoma swakudya. Nghala yi tala ku hanya emigangeni ya nhova ni le tindhawini leti nga ni byanyi byo tala, laha yi kumaka swakudya swo fana na timhuti, tinyimpfu ta nhova ni swiharhi swin’wana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-24|title=Lion {{!}} Characteristics, Habitat, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/lion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Nghala i xiphemu xa nkoka xa ntumbuluko hikuva yi pfuna ku lawula nhlayo ya [[swiharhi]] swin’wana eka mbangu. Nghala ya xinuna yi nga vonaka hi vunhongo bya yona, kasi tinghala ta xisati ti tala ku tirhisana loko ti hlota ni ku hlayisa vana. Hikuva nghala i xiharhi xa nkoka eka mbangu, swi fanerile leswaku yi sirheleriwa ni ku hlayisiwa leswaku yi ya ematshan'weni yo nyamalala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lion - Leo Panthera - African Lion|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_lion.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}</ref> pi5df608f1rnug2ch4mi6vji7kentk4 0 8350 43042 2026-09-30T16:10:23Z VanBestern 12517 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369004311|Curtain]]" 43042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gordijnen_aan_venster.JPG|thumb| Tikheteni leti tolovelekeke ta fasitere]] [[File:Theatre_Stage_Albert_Hall_looking_stage_left_showing_theatre_curtains_(2016).jpg|thumb| Tikheteni ta theatre eka xiteji lexitsongo (Canberra Albert Hall, 2016) .]] '''Khetheni''' i xiphemu xa lapi, kumbe xa n'wanchumu wun’wana lowu endleriweke ku sivela kumbe ku tumbeta [[Rivoningo|ku vonakala]], ku khuluka ka moya kumbe (eka kheteni ra shawara ) [[mati]] . <ref name="freedictionary-curtain">{{Cite web|title=Curtain|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/curtain|accessdate=23 May 2012|publisher=The Free Dictionary By Farlex}}</ref> Haka nyingi makheteni ya hayekiwa endzeni ka mafasitere ya muako leswaku ku nga ngheni ku vonakala. Hi xikombiso, nivusiku ku pfuneta [[Vurhongo|ku etlela]], kumbe ku sivela ku vonakala, ku baleka ehandle ka muako (ku sivela vanhu lava nga ehandle leswaku va nga voni endzeni, haka nyingi hikwalaho ka swivangelo swa vuhlayiseki bya xihundla). Eka xitirhisiwa lexi, ya tlhela ya tiviwa tanihi ''ti- diraperisi'' . Makheteni lawa hayekiweke ehenhla ka nyangwa ya tiviwa tanihi ti- potirisis. <ref name="britannica-curtain">{{Cite web|title=Curtain|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/147125/curtain/|accessdate=5 May 2012|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Makheteni ya ni swivumbeko swo hambana-hambana, swilo leswi endliweke, vukulu, mihlovo ni swivumbeko swo hambana-hambana. Haka nyingi va ni swiyenge swa vona endzeni ka switolo leswikulu, kasi mavhengele man’wana ma tinyiketele hi ku helela eku xaviseleni ka makheteni. Makheteni ya hambana hi ku ya hi ku basisiwa, ku onhaka ka ku vonakala ka xihlovo xa alithravhayolete, ku khomiwa ka oyili ni ritshuri, ku tswonga mpfumawulo, ku nga pfurhi ka ndzilo ni nkarhi wa vutomi. Makheteni ya nga ha tirhisiwa hi mavoko, hi tintambhu, hi ti- batheni to tshikelela phede kumbe tikhompyuta leti lawuriwaka hi le kule. Ti khomiwa ehandle ka ndlela ya fasitere hi ku tirhisa swibohiwa swa tikheteni . Ku pima vukulu bya tikheteni lebyi lavekaka eka fasitere rin’wana ni rin’wana swa hambana swinene hi ku ya hi muxaka wa kheteni leri lavekaka, mpimo wa fasitere ni muxaka ni ntiko wa kheteni. Mkheteni i xivumbeko xa ku khavisa ekamareni kumbe mafasitere naswona ma hetisisa xivumbeko hinkwaxo xa le ndzeni ka yindlu. Makheteni ma pfuneta ku lawula xihundla xale ndzeni ka yindlo na ku khuluka ka ku vonakala ka ntumbuluko ekamareni. Kusaseka ka makheteni ku vonaka kahle e xikarhi ka siku, naswona loko rivoni rale ndlwini ri vekiwe kahle , kungaha makheteni mangaha koka rinoko hambi ku ri nivusiku. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brian D. Coleman |year=2006 |title=Window Dressings: Beautiful Draperies & Curtains for the Home |url=https://archive.org/details/windowdressingsb0000cole |publisher=Gibbs Smith |isbn=1-58685-816-5 |url-access=registration}}</ref> 44zyyld8kx9t1rgxx81vd8vgeqjtwml 0 8351 43044 2026-09-30T16:14:01Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377632467|Harry Kane]]" 43044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Edward Kane''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 28 Nhlangula 1993)i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa le Nghilandhi loyi a tlangaka tanihi muhlaseri eka xipano Bundesliga xa Bayern Munich naswona i vakaputeni va xipano xa rixaka xa England .U tekiwa tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi lavanene emisaveni,un’wana wa vahlaseri lavanene eka xitukulwana xa yena,na un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu va England.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2026|title=Harry Kane 'the best England player of all time' says Bellingham|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/harry-kane-best-england-player-110000466.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714120543/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/harry-kane-best-england-player-110000466.html|archive-date=14 July 2026|accessdate=14 July 2026|website=Yahoo Sports|via=Hayters TV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=18 June 2026|title=World Cup 2026: Harry Kane 'greatest striker' England has had, says Gary Lineker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cvg5de1dyn2o|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714105158/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cvg5de1dyn2o|archive-date=14 July 2026|accessdate=14 July 2026|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hernandez|first=Victoria|title=Is Harry Kane the best England player of all time? Three Lions goal leaders|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2026/07/11/harry-kane-stats-england-goals-all-time/90887776007/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712084305/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2026/07/11/harry-kane-stats-england-goals-all-time/90887776007/|archive-date=12 July 2026|accessdate=14 July 2026|website=USA Today}}</ref> Kane u nghenise ku tlula 500 wa magoza ya ntirho eka xipano na tiko,a ri Tottenham Hotspur ’s all-time top goalscorer (280),England’s all-time top goalscorer (87), na mutlangi wa English loyi a nga nghenisa swikoweto swa le henhla eka UEFA Champions League (54).Nakambe i mudzaberi wa vumbirhi eka [[Premier League ya Xinghezi|Premier League]] eka nkarhi hinkwawo (213)na wa vunkombo eka ku nghenisa magoza eka Bayern Munich (152). Ku sungula ntirho wa yena wa le henhla na Tottenham Hotspur hi 2009,Kane u vile na swipele swo lomba eka tikirabhu ku tsemakanya piramidi ya bolo ya milenge ya Xinghezi,ku katsa na Leyton Orient,Millwall,Leicester City,na Norwich City .Ku nghenelela ka Kane eka Tottenham swi tlakukile endzhaku ka loko Mauricio Pochettino a vile mudyondzisi-nkulu hi 2014,a hlawuriwile tani hi PFA Young Player of the Year eka nguva ya 2014–15 .Eka tinguva ta 2015–16 na 2016–17,Kane u hetile tani hi mudzaberi wa le henhla wa ligi .Eka pfhumba ro hetelela,u pfunile Tottenham ku heta tani hi xipano xa vumbirhi xa Premier League naswona u hlawuriwile tani hi Mutlangi wa Lembe wa Varhandzi va PFA . Eka nguva ya 2018–19, Kane u hetile tani hi muwini wa vumbirhi wa Champions League . U hete nguva ya 2020–21 tani hi mudzaberi wa le henhla wa Premier League (23) na muphakeri wa le henhla wa mpfuneto (14). Endzhaku ka malembe ya 14 eka Tottenham,Kane u vile musayini wo durha swinene eka matimu ya Bundesliga tani hi leswi a joyineke Bayern Munich eka ku cinca loku durhaka €110&nbsp;miliyoni hi 2023.Eka nguva ya yena yo sungula, u nghenise 36 wa magoza ya ligi,a wina European Golden Shoe .Hi nguva leyi landzeleke,u hlule xidlodlo xa Bundesliga, ku nga xidlodlo xa yena xo sungula lexikulu, naswona u nyikiwile sagwadi ra Mutlangi wa Nguva ya Bundesliga .Eka nguva ya 2025–26, Kane u pfunile Bayern ku hlula eka domestic double,a hoxa hat-trick eka 2026 DFB-Pokal final . Hi nguva leyi,u nghenise magoza yo tlula 70 eka Bayern na England,ku nga nhlayo ya vumbirhi eka nhlayo ya le henhla eka mutlangi eka nguva yin’we hi lembe xidzana ra vu-21. [[Category:Living people]] tmj9tm8qe55dczonf27az7kovgvno8s 0 8352 43045 2026-09-30T16:20:01Z Lenova2 12519 Created page with "Vaongori Mu ongori i munhu loyi a dyondzelaka ntirho wo hlayisa vavabyi eswi bedhlele , eti tliniki nale mintini <ref>{{Cite book |title=Vuongori |publisher=Manthosi B.H |location=SIYA publication company |publication-date=20/06/2018}}</ref> Vaongori ixivadla lexikulu eka vutshunguri loko hivulavula hiva tshunguri hinga pfaleli vaongori ehadle<ref>{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/about|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za..." 43045 wikitext text/x-wiki Vaongori Mu ongori i munhu loyi a dyondzelaka ntirho wo hlayisa vavabyi eswi bedhlele , eti tliniki nale mintini <ref>{{Cite book |title=Vuongori |publisher=Manthosi B.H |location=SIYA publication company |publication-date=20/06/2018}}</ref> Vaongori ixivadla lexikulu eka vutshunguri loko hivulavula hiva tshunguri hinga pfaleli vaongori ehadle<ref>{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/about|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}</ref> MINTIRHO YA VA ONGORI Mintirho ya vaongoli yitala swinene , va pfuneta vadolokodela loko va tshungula vavabyi vanyika vavabyi mirhi hinkarhi lowu faneleke, va pma BP,va basisa swilondza niku tiyisisa leswaku muvabyi u wile hiku rhula .Vaongori vana rirhandzu va khomelela vuvabyi hitimbilu to basa enepqgfpkt2m94cnkojtj07lisezoj8 43056 43045 2026-09-30T16:37:31Z Lenova2 12519 Ndzi lulamise swihoxo 43056 wikitext text/x-wiki Vaongori Mu ongori i munhu loyi a dyondzelaka ntirho wo hlayisa vavabyi eswi bedhlele , eti tliliniki nale mintini <ref>{{Cite book |title=Vuongori |publisher=Manthosi B.H |location=SIYA publication company |publication-date=20/06/2018}}</ref> Vaongori ixivadla lexikulu eka vutshunguri loko hivulavula hiva tshunguri hinga pfaleli vaongori ehadle<ref>{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/about|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}</ref> MINTIRHO YA VA ONGORI Mintirho ya vaongoli yitela swinene , va pfuneta vadolokodela loko va tshungula vavabyi vanyika vavabyi mirhi hinkarhi lowu faneleke, va pima BP,va basisa swilondza niku tiyisisa leswaku muvabyi u wise hiku rhula .Vaongori vana rirhandzu va khomelela vuvabyi hitimbilu to basa r0r330xflfs937ryv1eos8hgyo92qtq 0 8353 43047 2026-09-30T16:22:21Z MissJesus 12475 Created page with "== Vatsonga Machangana: == [[File:History of Tsonga2.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vatsonga machangana]] '''Vatsonga''' i ntlawa wo hambana wa tinxaka leti katsa Vashangaan, Vathonga, Vatonga, Vandzawu, VaTshwa, Vakalanga na Valoyi, ku vula tin’wana. Ku hambana ka tinxaka ka tala ku vangela leswaku van’wana va ala vito ra Shangaan kumbe Tsonga, swi ya hi munhu loyi u vulavulaka na yena. I swa nkoka ku twisisa leswaku Vatsonga hinkwavo va huma eka ntumbuluko wun’we, kamb..." 43047 wikitext text/x-wiki == Vatsonga Machangana: == [[File:History of Tsonga2.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vatsonga machangana]] '''Vatsonga''' i ntlawa wo hambana wa tinxaka leti katsa Vashangaan, Vathonga, Vatonga, Vandzawu, VaTshwa, Vakalanga na Valoyi, ku vula tin’wana. Ku hambana ka tinxaka ka tala ku vangela leswaku van’wana va ala vito ra Shangaan kumbe Tsonga, swi ya hi munhu loyi u vulavulaka na yena. I swa nkoka ku twisisa leswaku Vatsonga hinkwavo va huma eka ntumbuluko wun’we, kambe xin’wana na xin’wana xa tinxaka xi teke vutivi ni vutihlawuleli byo hambana. Vatsonga va kumeka e[[Afrika-Dzonga]], e[[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] na le [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heever |first=Alex van den |date=2024-11-27 |title=A Brief History of the Shangaan and Tsonga People |url=https://worldtrackers.co.za/news/history-of-shangaan-and-tsonga-people/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=World Trackers |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Masungulo ya Vatsonga ma tlhela ma tlhelela emikarhini ya Hosi Shaka Zulu, loko a va tiveka hi ku cincana masela ni swibya swa tinhlalu va kuma koporo, mananga ni munyu. Hosi Shaka u rhumele Soshangane (Manukosi) leswaku a ya hlula ndhawu leyi sweswi yi vuriwaka Dzonga ra Mozambique hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 hi nkarhi wa mphikelelo wa Mfecane. [[Soshanghana|Soshangane]] u kokiwile hi ku saseka ni ku nona ka tiko rero swin’we ni ku titsongahata ka vaaki va rona, lava a va katsa tinxaka ta Vanguni na Vatsonga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shangaan Tsonga - Nguni People, Tribe - South Africa... |url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_shangaan_tsonga.html |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}</ref> 3yfbbktqk2j3ku6qwgv1imej6zurkpk 0 8354 43051 2026-09-30T16:30:00Z Scotch Neverdie 12518 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377515688|Zinedine Zidane]]" 43051 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zinedine Yazid Zidane''' [ A ] ( <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 June 2022|title=Zinédine Zidane, une vie: l'interview XXL avec la légende des Bleus|trans-title=Zinedine Zidane, a life: the XXL interview with the legend of the Blues|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-Q2-VTopds|accessdate=1 June 2025|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=Téléfoot|language=French}}</ref>u velekiwe hi ti 23 Nhlangula 1972),loyi a tiviwaka ngopfu tanihi '''Zizou''' (  ),i mufambisi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa le Furwa naswona i khale ka mutlangi loyi a a tlanga tanihi mutlangi wa le xikarhi la hlaselaka .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 12 de mayo de 2019, en San Sebastián-Donostia|trans-title=Minutes of the Match held on 12 May 2019, in San Sebastián-Donostia|url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57218|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214051813/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57218|archive-date=14 December 2019|accessdate=14 June 2019|publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation|language=es}}</ref>I mudyondzisi-nkulu wa xipano xa rixaka xa Furwa . Hi ku tekiwa hi vanhu vo tala tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu va nkarhi hinkwawo,Zidane ari muendli wa mintlangu loyi a tivekaka hi vuxongi bya yena,xivono,ku phasa na ku lawula bolo.U amukerile swidlodlo swotala swa munhu hi xiyexe tani hi mutlangi,kukatsa na ku hlawuriwa tani hi Mutlangi wa Lembe wa Misava wa FIFA hi 1998,2000 na 2003,naku wina Ballon d'Or ya 1998 .U leteriwile eka xipano xa yena xa khale xa Real Madrid eka minkarhi yimbirhi yo hambana exikarhi ka 2016 na 2021,a hlula swidlodlo swo tala swa xipano xa laha kaya na xa matiko ya misava. Zidane u sungurile ntirho wa yena eka Cannes a nga si ti simeka tani hi un'wana wa vatlangi lavanene eka French Ligue 1 eBordeaux .Hi 1996,u rhurhele eka xipano xa le Italy xa Juventus,laha a nga hlula swidlodlo swimbirhi swa Serie A naswona u tlangile eka mahelo ya vhiki ya UEFA Champions League hi ku landzelelana hi 1997 na 1998.U rhurhele e Real Madrid hi mali ya rhekhodo ya misava hi nkarhi wa €77.5&nbsp;miliyoni hi 2001,leyi tshameke yi ri rhekhodo eka malembe ya tsevu lama landzeleke.Le Spain, Zidane u hlule swidlodlo swo hlaya,ku katsa na xidlodlo xa La Liga na Champions League.Eka 2002 Champions League final,u nghenise muhluri wa volley hi nenge wa ximatsi lowu tekiwaka tanihi wun’wana wa magoza lamakulu ematin’wini ya bolo ya milenge.Hi lembe ra 2012 na 2017,hi ku landzelelana,Zidane u hlawuriwile eka xipano xa Real Madrid na Juventus lexi nga na xihlawuhlawu xa XIkulu xa nkarhi hinkwawo. Capped 108 times by France,Zidane u hlule Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 1998,a nghenisa brace eka final,naswona u hlawuriwile eka xipano xa All-Star.Ku hlula loku ku n’wi endle nhenha ya rixaka e France naswona u amukele Legion of Honor hi 1998.U hlule eka UEFA Euro 2000 naswona u hlawuriwile tani hi Mutlangi wa Mphikizano.U tlhele a kuma Bolo ya Nsuku tani hi Mutlangi wa Mphikizano eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2006,hambi leswi a nga na ndhuma yo biha yo rhumela ehandle eka mphikizano wa makumu loko va hlangana na Italy hikwalaho ko ba Marco Materazzi hi nhloko exifuveni.U humile penceni tani hi mutlangi wa vumune eka matimu ya Furwa. [[Category:Living people]] olfxg764fkr0wo0yhvflu4ughyhmvqq 2 8355 43053 2026-09-30T16:31:46Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 8" 43053 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 8 dqfns1ft3kbwati8zu6qext5p58ucg9 43059 43053 2026-09-30T16:46:16Z GracaK 12512 43059 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 8 == MILENGE == '''Milenge''' i swirho swa miri leswi hi swi tirhisaka ku famba, ku tsutsuma ni ku yima. Milenge yi hi pfuna ku famba-famba hi ku olova eka tindhawu to hambana.<ref name=":1">[[wikihow:Leg-Shapes|What Are the Types of Leg Shapes, and Can You Change Them?]]</ref> Milenge yi na marhambu, misiha ni swirho swin'wana leswi yi pfunaka ku tirha kahle. Hi fanele hi hlayisa milenge ya hina hi ku ambala [[tintangu]] leti hi ringanaka. Loko milenge yi vava kumbe yi vaviseka, hi fanele hi yi wisisa naswona hi lava mpfuno wa dokodela loko swifanerile.<ref name=":1" /> Milenge leyi hanyeke kahle yi hi pfuna ku endla mintirho ya [[siku]] na siku. == SWIKOMBO == myu99fdlyuxd8iwpxstqg5ppg49ti6k 43061 43059 2026-09-30T16:50:33Z GracaK 12512 LEGS 43061 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 8 [[File:Legs-and-heels.jpg|thumb|321x321px|LEGS]] == MILENGE == '''Milenge''' i swirho swa miri leswi hi swi tirhisaka ku famba, ku tsutsuma ni ku yima. Milenge yi hi pfuna ku famba-famba hi ku olova eka tindhawu to hambana.<ref name=":1">[[wikihow:Leg-Shapes|What Are the Types of Leg Shapes, and Can You Change Them?]]</ref> Milenge yi na marhambu, misiha ni swirho swin'wana leswi yi pfunaka ku tirha kahle. Hi fanele hi hlayisa milenge ya hina hi ku ambala [[tintangu]] leti hi ringanaka. Loko milenge yi vava kumbe yi vaviseka, hi fanele hi yi wisisa naswona hi lava mpfuno wa dokodela loko swifanerile.<ref name=":1" /> Milenge leyi hanyeke kahle yi hi pfuna ku endla mintirho ya [[siku]] na siku. == SWIKOMBO == 17e36eocka2ysyt8b7e77cbzwx89gw1 0 8356 43054 2026-09-30T16:32:50Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "Xisiti [[File:Waist to hip ratio-en.svg|thumb|''Xisuti xa nwansati'']] Hikwalaho ka leswi naswona hikuva khwiri ri tala ku fambisana na khwiri, munhu a nga ha pfilunganyeka hi ndhawu leyi kongomeke ya khwiri. Xin’wana lexi pfilunganyaka hileswaku xirhendzevutana xa khwiri xa hambana eka vanhu vo hambana-hambana. Nkambisiso wu kombisile leswaku ku pima loku tivikiwe hi voxe, ku hambana na ku pima loku endliwaka hi mutivi wa swa vuthekiniki, ku tekela ehansi xirhendzev..." 43054 wikitext text/x-wiki Xisiti [[File:Waist to hip ratio-en.svg|thumb|''Xisuti xa nwansati'']] Hikwalaho ka leswi naswona hikuva khwiri ri tala ku fambisana na khwiri, munhu a nga ha pfilunganyeka hi ndhawu leyi kongomeke ya khwiri. Xin’wana lexi pfilunganyaka hileswaku xirhendzevutana xa khwiri xa hambana eka vanhu vo hambana-hambana. Nkambisiso wu kombisile leswaku ku pima loku tivikiwe hi voxe, ku hambana na ku pima loku endliwaka hi mutivi wa swa vuthekiniki, ku tekela ehansi xirhendzevutana xa khwiri naswona ku tekela ehansi loku ku engetelekile loko ku engeteleka vukulu bya miri. Eka nkambisiso lowu, xirhendzevutana xa khwiri lexi pimiweke eka mpimo wa umbilicus a xi ri xikulu ku tlula lexi pimiweke eka khwiri ra ntumbuluko. Hiku kongoma, xirhendzevutana xa khwiri xi pimiwa eka levele exikarhi ka rib yale hansi swinene leyi khomaka na iliac crest. Leyi i nhlamuselo leyi tirhisiwaka hi Nhlangano wa Rihanyo wa Misava. Hi ku kongoma, khwiri hi ntolovelo ri pimiwa eka xirhendzevutana lexitsongo xa khwiri ra ntumbuluko, hi ntolovelo ehenhla nyana ka xitombo. Laha khwiri ri nga convex ematshan’wini yo concave, tani hi le ka ku tika na ku nyuhela ngopfu, khwiri ri nga pimiwa eka levele yo yima 1-inch ehenhla ka navel. Vanhu van’wana lava nga riki vafundhisi va tirhisa levele leyi nga eka navel, kambe leswi swi nga endla leswaku va tekeriwa ehansi. Loko u tirhisa xikeni xa miri lexi tirhaka hi xoxe lexi humesaka papa ra tinhla, marhambu kumbe nkolo a swi nge kumeki ku suka eka xikeni hi xoxe. Nhlamuselo leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu i ku rhendzeleka eka 4 cm ehenhla ka leswintsongo swa le ndzhaku (SOB), hambi leswi leswi swi vonakaka swi nga ringanelanga kahle eka nhlamuselo yo tika, naswona 2 cm ehenhla ka SOB yi vonaka yi antswa (eka xikombiso xa vavasati va 106 va malembe yo hambana, ku leha, ntiko, na swivumbeko swa miri). Swilo leswi cinca-cincaka swo fana na ku yima swi khumba swinene ku pima ka khwiri, naswona hikwalaho mimpimo yihi na yihi ya ntlawa yi lava ku hlayisa xiyimo lexi nga cinciki exikarhi ka swichudeni. == Swihlovo leswi == https://www.verywellhealth.com/waist-circumference-and-diabetes-1087703<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waist {{!}} Explanation|url=https://balumed.com/en/medical-dictionary/waist|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=balumed.com}}</ref> [https://balumed.com/en/medical-dictionary/waist Waist | Explanation] frb952ztlpxo9v8yfji7t56q5t0s2ll 43055 43054 2026-09-30T16:35:03Z NastyB innit 12496 43055 wikitext text/x-wiki Xisuti [[File:Waist to hip ratio-en.svg|thumb|''Xisuti xa nwansati'']] Hikwalaho ka leswi naswona hikuva khwiri ri tala ku fambisana na khwiri, munhu a nga ha pfilunganyeka hi ndhawu leyi kongomeke ya khwiri. Xin’wana lexi pfilunganyaka hileswaku xirhendzevutana xa khwiri xa hambana eka vanhu vo hambana-hambana. Nkambisiso wu kombisile leswaku ku pima loku tivikiwe hi voxe, ku hambana na ku pima loku endliwaka hi mutivi wa swa vuthekiniki, ku tekela ehansi xirhendzevutana xa khwiri naswona ku tekela ehansi loku ku engetelekile loko ku engeteleka vukulu bya miri. Eka nkambisiso lowu, xirhendzevutana xa khwiri lexi pimiweke eka mpimo wa umbilicus a xi ri xikulu ku tlula lexi pimiweke eka khwiri ra ntumbuluko. Hiku kongoma, xirhendzevutana xa khwiri xi pimiwa eka levele exikarhi ka rib yale hansi swinene leyi khomaka na iliac crest. Leyi i nhlamuselo leyi tirhisiwaka hi Nhlangano wa Rihanyo wa Misava. Hi ku kongoma, khwiri hi ntolovelo ri pimiwa eka xirhendzevutana lexitsongo xa khwiri ra ntumbuluko, hi ntolovelo ehenhla nyana ka xitombo. Laha khwiri ri nga convex ematshan’wini yo concave, tani hi le ka ku tika na ku nyuhela ngopfu, khwiri ri nga pimiwa eka levele yo yima 1-inch ehenhla ka navel. Vanhu van’wana lava nga riki vafundhisi va tirhisa levele leyi nga eka navel, kambe leswi swi nga endla leswaku va tekeriwa ehansi. Loko u tirhisa xikeni xa miri lexi tirhaka hi xoxe lexi humesaka papa ra tinhla, marhambu kumbe nkolo a swi nge kumeki ku suka eka xikeni hi xoxe. Nhlamuselo leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu i ku rhendzeleka eka 4 cm ehenhla ka leswintsongo swa le ndzhaku (SOB), hambi leswi leswi swi vonakaka swi nga ringanelanga kahle eka nhlamuselo yo tika, naswona 2 cm ehenhla ka SOB yi vonaka yi antswa (eka xikombiso xa vavasati va 106 va malembe yo hambana, ku leha, ntiko, na swivumbeko swa miri). Swilo leswi cinca-cincaka swo fana na ku yima swi khumba swinene ku pima ka khwiri, naswona hikwalaho mimpimo yihi na yihi ya ntlawa yi lava ku hlayisa xiyimo lexi nga cinciki exikarhi ka swichudeni. == Swihlovo leswi == https://www.verywellhealth.com/waist-circumference-and-diabetes-1087703<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waist {{!}} Explanation|url=https://balumed.com/en/medical-dictionary/waist|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=balumed.com}}</ref> [https://balumed.com/en/medical-dictionary/waist Waist | Explanation] g4y21j3hfncsh77qge4qj265z4399bx 0 8357 43057 2026-09-30T16:42:10Z Teddy577 12465 i created 43057 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Murhi wa''' '''baobab wo Hlamarisa''' == Baobab i yin’wana ya misinya ya Afrika leyi tsakisaka no hlawuleka swinene. Hi nsinya wa wona lowukulu, xivumbeko xo hlamarisa xikan’we naku cinca cinca loku hlamarisaka, nsinya lowu wu hundzuke xikombiso xa matimba, ku tiyisela xikan’we na xihlahla xa nhova xa Afrika.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashford |first=John |date=2023 |title=Baobab Seasonality |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26470-2_9 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-26469-6 |location=Cham |pages=109–119}}</ref> Ku languteka ka Murhi wa Baobab Murhi wa baobab wuna nsinya lowukulu swinene, lowu hlayisaka mati yotala. Marhavi ya murhi wa baobab ma huma eka xirhabyani, ma endla onge murhi lowu wu ni timitsu ta wona exibakabakeni.Mirhi ya Baobab i misinya leyikulu swinene, leyi kulaka yiva ya khale swinene. Ti baobabs ti lahlekeriwa hi matluka ya tona hi nguva yo oma, leswaku tita hlayisa mati. Laha Ti Baobabs Ti Milaka kona Ti baobabs ti mila e Afrika, eka tindzhawu leti kufumelaka laha kungana mpfula yitsongo. Mirhi ya Baobab yitlhela yi kumeka e Madagascar, Middle East nale Australia. Misinya ya Baobab yitala ku kumeka exifundzheni xa Limpopo e Afrika Dzonga, naswona yikota kukula kahle eka maxelo yo hisa na swiyimo swo oma swa ndzhawu liya. Ndlela Leyi Baobab Yi Ponaka Ha Yona Xin’wana xa swilo leswi tsakisaka ngopfu hi nsinya wa baobab i vuswikoti bya wona byo hlayisa mati eka xirhabyani xa wona. Leswi swi pfuna nsinya lowu leswaku wu hanya eka nguva yo leha yo oma.Xin’wana lexi baobab yi toloveleke yona i makwandzasi ya yona yo tiya, lama sirhelelaka nsinya lowu eka ndzilo wa swihlahla. Nsinya wa baobab wu tshoveka matluka, naswona wu lahlekeriwa hi matluka ya wona hi nguva yo oma. Matluka yantshwa ya mila hi nguva ya timpfula. Swiluva na Mihandzu Murhi wa baobab wu ni swiluva leswikulu swo basa, leswi hlukaka nivusiku. Swiluva leswi swi koka rinoko ra swiharhi swofana na makondlo, leswi pfunetaka kuva na vulombe bya nsinya. Hi hala tlhelo, swiluva swi kula swi va mihandzu leyi hambaneke ya murhi lowu.Mihandzu ya baobab yi pfaleriwile eka xirhendzevutani xo tiya, laha kungana mihandzu yo olova, leyingana swakudya endzeni. Muhandzu wa baobab wutirhisiwa hi vanhu votala va ndzhawu liya, lava wu dyaka tani hi xiphemu xa swakudya swa vona. Nkoka Eka Vanhu na Swiharhi swa Nhova Misinya ya Baobab i ya nkoka eka vanhu na swiharhi swa nhova. Switirhisiwa swotala swinga endliwa kusuka eka misinya ya baobab, kukatsa na swakudya, mirhi na ti fibre ta swiambalo. Nsinya wa baobab nakambe i xihlovo xa nkoka xa swakudya eka swiharhi swa nhova. Swiharhi swohambana hambana swidya eka nsinya wa baobab, kukatsa na swinyenyani, switsotswana, makondlo na swin’wana. Misinya ya Baobab yina nkoka eka ecosystem hikokwalaho ka xiave lexi yixi endlaka eka kunyika swakudya na vutshamo eka swiharhi. Nkoka wa Ndhavuko Nsinya wa baobab wuna nkoka eka mindhavuko yotala e Afrika. Nsinya lowu wu xiximiwa kuringana malembe xidzana, naswona wuvonaka eka mintsheketo yotala na mintsheketo ya Afrika. Misinya ya Baobab yitsakisile vanhu kuringana malembe xidzana, hikokwalaho ka xivumbeko xa yona xo hlamarisa, ku cinca loku nga tshembisiki xikan’we na vukulu lebyikulu swinene na malembe. Mahetelelo Murhi wa baobab wu hlawulekile hakunene. Ku cinca ka yona loku hlamarisaka ku yi pfuna ku hanya eka swiyimo swo tika swinene, naswona vukulu bya yona lebyikulu ni malembe ya yona swi endla leswaku yi va yin’wana ya mirhi leyi rhandzekaka eAfrika. References https://www.oneearth.org/species-of-the-week-african-baobab-tree/ 4vsf3ry05vu2bupap1klia0icw998gc 0 8358 43060 2026-09-30T16:49:38Z GracaK 12512 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377248363|Wine]]" 43060 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />   '''Vhinyo''' i swakunwa swa xihoko leswi endliweke hi juzi ya madiriva leyi virisiweke. [a] Yi humelerisiwa no nwiwa eka tindzhawu totala swinene emisaveni hinkwayo, hi tindlela tohambana hambana leti kuceteriwaka hi tinxaka tohambana hambana ta madiriva, tindzhawu to kurisela swibyariwa, tindlela ta viticulture, na tindlela ta vuhumelerisi. == Swikombo == * {{Cite book |last=Charters |first=Steve |date=2006 |title=Wine and Society |publisher=Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-0-7506-6635-0 |location=Oxford}} * {{Cite book |last=Demoissier |first=Marion |date=2010 |title=Wine Drinking Culture in France |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-1-78316-122-5 |location=Cardiff}} * {{Cite book |last=Godfrey |first=Spence |date=2003 |title=Wine Tasting |publisher=Contemporary Books |location=Chicago |pages=1–3 |ol=18141471M}} * {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Hugh |date=1992 |title=Vintage: The Story of Wine |publisher=Simon and Schuster |pages=86–87 |ol=7665276M}} * {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Johnson (wine writer) |date=2019 |title=The World Atlas of Wine |last2=Robinson |first2=Jancis |author-link2=Jancis Robinson |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |isbn=978-1-78472-403-0 |edition=8th |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Mieder |first=Wolfgang |date=1989 |title=Folk Groups and Folklore Genres: A Reader |publisher=Utah State University Press |editor-last=Oring |editor-first=Elliott |location=Logan |pages=279–290 |chapter="Wine, Women and Song": From Martin Luther to American T-Shirts}} * {{Cite web|date=April 2024|title=State of the World Vine and Wine Sector in 2023|url=https://www.oiv.int/sites/default/files/2024-04/OIV_STATE_OF_THE_WORLD_VINE_AND_WINE_SECTOR_IN_2023.pdf|accessdate=4 February 2025|website=OIV|publisher=International Organisation of Vine and Wine|ref={{harvid|OIV|2024}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Rod |date=2000 |title=A Short History of Wine |publisher=Ecco |location=New York |pages=62–63 |ol=3943121M}} * {{Cite book |year=2006 |title=The Oxford Companion to Wine |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-860990-2 |editor-last=Robinson |editor-first=Jancis |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |ol=7401546M}} * {{Cite book |last=Varriano |first=John |date=2011 |title=Wine: A Cultural History |publisher=Reaktion Books |location=London |page=19 |ol=36780756M}} * {{Cite news |date=22 May 2019 |title=Canned Wine Comes of Age |url=https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523013513/https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |archive-date=23 May 2019 |access-date=23 May 2019 |work=Wine Spectator}} * {{Cite web|date=8 July 2024|title=The ultimate guide to wine bottle shapes and sizes|url=https://www.wsetglobal.com/knowledge-centre/blog/2024/july/08/the-ultimate-guide-to-wine-bottle-shapes-and-sizes/|accessdate=7 July 2025|website=WSET Global|language=en|ref={{harvid|WSET Global|2024}}}} [[Category:Vusweki]] at1gnwdtfpiv9cmfp0dtamdh8nnhdgw 2 8359 43062 2026-09-30T16:52:14Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 9" 43062 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 9 4fexvfyug6nxm92n2aw9o53m0cqtbkl 43069 43062 2026-09-30T17:11:24Z GracaK 12512 43069 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 9 [[File:Ambigram Escher with reversible drawing hands - photomontage.jpg|thumb|HANDS]] == MAVOKO == '''Mavoko''' i swirho swa miri leswi hi swi tirhisaka ku khoma, ku tlakula ni ku endla mintirho yo hambana.<ref name=":1">[[:simple:Hand|Hand - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]]</ref> Hi tirhisa mavoko ku tsala, ku dya, ku hlamba ni ku tirha. Hi fanele hi hlayisa mavoko ya hina mabasile hi ku ma hlamba [[nkarhi]] na nkarhi hi mati ni xisibi. Ku hlayisa mavoko swi pfuna ku sivela ku hangalaka ka switsongwatsongwana ni [[mavabyi]].<ref name=":1" /> == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Mavoko]] sbkrvhm20wpi7mxko1wo361fmqeg2zw 0 8360 43063 2026-09-30T16:55:35Z GracaK 12512 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377479468|Cake]]" 43063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pound_layer_cake.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Khakhi ra leyara leri endliweke hi khekhe ra pound, jamu ni frosting.]] '''Khekhe''' i confectionery ya mubaki <ref>{{Cite book |date=2009 |title=Dictionary of Food Science and Technology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akYLOTMdCSEC&pg=PA106 |publisher=Wiley–Blackwell |isbn=9781405187404 |editor-last=International Food Information Service |edition=2nd |location=Chichester, U.K. |page=39}}</ref> leyi endliwaka hiku hlanganisa fulawura na mati, mafurha kumbe havumbirhi bya swona, naswona hi ntolovelo na comela. Makhekhe yatala ku bakiwa, kambe yanga giriliwa. Eka xivumbeko xa wona xa khale swinene, makhekhe akuri ku cinciwa ka xinkwa, kambe makhekhe sweswi ya funengeta malunghiselelo yo hambana hambana lawa yanga olova kumbe lawa ya rharhanganeke naswona lawa ya avelana swihlawulekisi na ti dessert tin’wana tofana na ti pastries, meringues, custards, na ti pies. mdx7htbz5oiqx8ah453yoy23xlu1d1t 0 8361 43064 2026-09-30T16:56:44Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "Tsolo [[File:Medial-view-of-a-flexed-knee-is-shown-Anatomy-of-the-MPFL-AMT-adductor-magnus-tendon.png|thumb|Tsolo]] Nhlanganelo wa matsolo i nhlonge ya synovial leyi hlanganisaka marhambu manharhu; xirhendzevutani, tibia na patella. I nhlangano wa hinge lowu rharhanganeke lowu vumbiweke hi ti- articulation timbirhi; xirho xa tibiofemoral na xirho xa patellofemoral. Tibiofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka tibia na femur, kasi patellofemoral joint i articulation ex..." 43064 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsolo [[File:Medial-view-of-a-flexed-knee-is-shown-Anatomy-of-the-MPFL-AMT-adductor-magnus-tendon.png|thumb|Tsolo]] Nhlanganelo wa matsolo i nhlonge ya synovial leyi hlanganisaka marhambu manharhu; xirhendzevutani, tibia na patella. I nhlangano wa hinge lowu rharhanganeke lowu vumbiweke hi ti- articulation timbirhi; xirho xa tibiofemoral na xirho xa patellofemoral. Tibiofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka tibia na femur, kasi patellofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka patella na femur. Nhlanganelo wa matsolo hi wona lowukulu swinene naswona ku nga ha kanetiwaka leswaku i nhlonge leyi tshikilelekeke swinene emirini. Ku lulamisiwa ka marhambu eka nhlonge swinyika fulcrum leyi hundzuluxelaka swiendlo swa misiha ya flexor na extensor ya matsolo. Ku lulamisiwa ka extracapsular na intracapsular na ligaments, xikan’we na ku engeteriwa ka misiha leyi tsemakanyaka nhlonge, swinyika ku tshamiseka loku lavekaka swinene loku lwisanaka na ntshikilelo lowukulu wa biomechanical lowu tisiwa eka nhlonge. Tanihi joint leyi hinged, joint ya matsolo ngopfu ngopfu yi pfumelela ku famba famba eka axis yin’we hi mayelana na flexion naku andzisiwa ka matsolo eka sagittal plane. Switlhela swipfumelela ku rhendzeleka nyana ka le xikarhi hi nkarhi wa ku olovisiwa na xiteji xohetelela xaku andzisiwa ka matsolo, xikan’we naku rhendzeleka ka le tlhelo loko ku “pfuriwa” matsolo. Tibiofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka lateral na medial condyles ya distal end ya femur na tibial plateaus, leswi havumbirhi bya swona swi funengetiweke hi leyara yo tiya ya hyaline cartilage. Ti condyles tale tlhelo nale xikarhi i ti bony projections timbirhi leti kumekaka emakumu yale kule ya femur, letingana xivumbeko xo olova xa convex, naswona ti hambanisiwa endzhaku hi groove yo enta leyi tivekaka tani hi intercondylar fossa. Medial condyle yikulu, yi tsindziyerile naswona yitlhela yi projectiwa kutlula lateral counterpart, leyi endlaka angle exikarhi ka femur na tibia. Swiphemu swale handle leswinga roughened swa medial na lateral condyles swihlamuseriwa tani hi medial na lateral epicondyles, hiku landzelelana. Etlhelo ka tlhelo rale ndzhaku ra distal femur, kuna ku tlakuka ka rough letinga paired ehenhla ka ti medial na lateral epicondyles leti tivekaka tani hi medial na lateral supracondylar ridges. Ti tibial plateaus i swiphemu swimbirhi swale henhla leswinga concave nyana swa ti condyles leswi kumekaka emakumu ya proximal ya tibia, naswona swihambanisiwile hi bony protuberance leyi tivekaka tani hi intercondylar eminence. Medial tibial articular surface yina xivumbeko xokarhi xa oval kuya hi ku leha ka yona ka anteroposterior, kasi lateral articular surface yina xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani swinene Ti articular surfaces ta tibiofemoral joint hi xitalo a ti fambisani, hikokwalaho ku fambisana ku nyikiwa hi medial na lateral meniscus. Leswi i swivumbeko swa fibrocartilaginous swa xivumbeko xa crescent leswi pfumelelaka ku hangalaka loku ringanaka swinene ka ntshikelelo wa femoral eka tibia. == Swihlovo leswi lavekaka == https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-knee-joint<ref>{{Cite web|title=Knee joint|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-knee-joint|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Kenhub|language=en}}</ref> fc7wfg5wf97lbxswzwfz8xlfdmqs6fe 43066 43064 2026-09-30T17:01:52Z NastyB innit 12496 43066 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsolo [[File:Medial-view-of-a-flexed-knee-is-shown-Anatomy-of-the-MPFL-AMT-adductor-magnus-tendon.png|thumb|Tsolo]] Nhlanganelo wa tsolo i nhlonge ya synovial leyi hlanganisaka marhambu manharhu; xirhendzevutani, tibia na patella. I nhlangano wa hinge lowu rharhanganeke lowu vumbiweke hi ti- articulation timbirhi; xirho xa tibiofemoral na xirho xa patellofemoral. Tibiofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka tibia na femur, kasi patellofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka patella na femur. Nhlanganelo wa tsolo hi wona lowukulu swinene naswona ku nga ha kanetiwaka leswaku i nhlonge leyi tshikilelekeke swinene emirini. Ku lulamisiwa ka marhambu eka nhlonge swinyika fulcrum leyi hundzuluxelaka swiendlo swa misiha ya flexor na extensor ya tsolo. Ku lulamisiwa ka extracapsular na intracapsular na ligaments, xikan’we na ku engeteriwa ka misiha leyi tsemakanyaka nhlonge, swinyika ku tshamiseka loku lavekaka swinene loku lwisanaka na ntshikilelo lowukulu wa biomechanical lowu tisiwa eka nhlonge. Tanihi joint leyi hinged, joint ya tsolo ngopfu ngopfu yi pfumelela ku famba famba eka axis yin’we hi mayelana na flexion naku andzisiwa ka tsolo eka sagittal plane. Switlhela swipfumelela ku rhendzeleka nyana ka le xikarhi hi nkarhi wa ku olovisiwa na xiteji xohetelela xaku andzisiwa ka tsolo, xikan’we naku rhendzeleka ka le tlhelo loko ku “pfuriwa” tsolo. Tibiofemoral joint i articulation exikarhi ka lateral na medial condyles ya distal end ya femur na tibial plateaus, leswi havumbirhi bya swona swi funengetiweke hi leyara yo tiya ya hyaline cartilage. Ti condyles tale tlhelo nale xikarhi i ti bony projections timbirhi leti kumekaka emakumu yale kule ya femur, letingana xivumbeko xo olova xa convex, naswona ti hambanisiwa endzhaku hi groove yo enta leyi tivekaka tani hi intercondylar fossa. Medial condyle yikulu, yi tsindziyerile naswona yitlhela yi projectiwa kutlula lateral counterpart, leyi endlaka angle exikarhi ka femur na tibia. Swiphemu swale handle leswinga roughened swa medial na lateral condyles swihlamuseriwa tani hi medial na lateral epicondyles, hiku landzelelana. Etlhelo ka tlhelo rale ndzhaku ra distal femur, kuna ku tlakuka ka rough letinga paired ehenhla ka ti medial na lateral epicondyles leti tivekaka tani hi medial na lateral supracondylar ridges. Ti tibial plateaus i swiphemu swimbirhi swale henhla leswinga concave nyana swa ti condyles leswi kumekaka emakumu ya proximal ya tibia, naswona swihambanisiwile hi bony protuberance leyi tivekaka tani hi intercondylar eminence. Medial tibial articular surface yina xivumbeko xokarhi xa oval kuya hi ku leha ka yona ka anteroposterior, kasi lateral articular surface yina xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani swinene Ti articular surfaces ta tibiofemoral joint hi xitalo a ti fambisani, hikokwalaho ku fambisana ku nyikiwa hi medial na lateral meniscus. Leswi i swivumbeko swa fibrocartilaginous swa xivumbeko xa crescent leswi pfumelelaka ku hangalaka loku ringanaka swinene ka ntshikelelo wa femoral eka tibia. == Swihlovo leswi lavekaka == https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-knee-joint<ref>{{Cite web|title=Knee joint|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-knee-joint|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Kenhub|language=en}}</ref> 8h9m6zmr28brhsyvl2aewha2df5580s 0 8362 43065 2026-09-30T17:01:21Z Teddy577 12465 wrote about vendors 43065 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ku suka eka ku xavisa mihandzu na matsavu ku ya eku fikeleleni ka swilo leswikulu: Xitori xa John Mashaba == Leswi vanhu va swi fikeleleke a swi fambisani nikatsongo ni ndhawu leyi va tirhaka kumbe ku dyondza eka yona. Vanhu lava humelelaka a va nge velekiwi emadorobeni lamakulu ntsena kambe ni le switarateni, laha bindzu ra vona ri nga sungulaka hi ku xavisa miroho. Mhaka ya John Mashaba<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ogundare|first=Folorunso|last2=Mashaba|first2=Machel|date=2023|title=On the Thermoluminescence Characteristics of NAF and KCL|url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4534251|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}</ref> i xikombiso xa ndlela leyi munhu a nga fikelelaka swilo leswikulu ha yona loko a ringeta hi matimba ku ringana. John<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calder |first=John |last2=Calder |first2=John |last3=Calder |first3=John |last4=Calder |first4=John |last5=Calder |first5=John |last6=Calder |first6=John |last7=Calder |first7=John |last8=Calder |first8=John |last9=Calder |first9=John |last10=Calder |first10=John |last11=Calder |first11=John |last12=Calder |first12=John |date=2010-12-31 |title=An Integrated International Approach to Arctic Ocean Observations for Society (A Legacy of the International Polar Year) |url=https://doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.14 |journal=Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society |publisher=European Space Agency |pages=141–153 |doi=10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.14}}</ref> u sungule ntirho wa yena hi ku xavisa swibyariwa exitarateni. Enkarhini lowu hundzeke, a ku nga ri na lunghelo ro va ni ntirho wa ndhuma ehofisini. Ku engetela kwalaho, u langutane ni ntlhontlho wa ndlela yo kuma mali yo tala hi ku tirha ku nga ri eka swiyimo leswi ntshunxekeke. Mixo wun’wana ni wun’wana, a a fanele a lunghiselela nhundzu ni ku rindza vaxavi. Hambiswiritano, eka John, ku xaviselana exitarateni a ku ri masungulo ntsena. A nga vonanga swihinga endleleni ya yena yo fikelela tipakani ta yena. Eka yena, siku rin’wana ni rin’wana, awara yin’wana ni yin’wana ni minete yin’wana ni yin’wana swa hlaya, hikwalaho a a fanele a tirhisa nkarhi wakwe hi ndlela leyinene. U sungule ku xaviselana exitarateni, leswi n’wi pfumeleleke ku kuma ntokoto ni ku vuyeriwa. Swi fanerile ku xiya leswaku ndlela ya yena ya ntirho yi kombisa leswaku minkarhi leyinene yi nga ha humelela eka masungulo yo titsongahata swinene. Ku tlula kwalaho, n’wamabindzu loyi a a fanele a lwela ku fikelela mbuyelo lowu lavekaka hi bindzu leritsongo eku sunguleni ka ntirho wa yena. Leswi a swi lava nkarhi ntsena kambe ni ku lehisa mbilu ni ku tsakela ntirho ni vuyelo bya wona hi mbilu hinkwayo. Mhaka ya John’s yi ta tshama yi ri karhi yi hlohlotela vanhu ku lwela tipakani ta vona. A swi na mhaka leswaku u kwihi sweswi ni leswaku u ni minkarhi yihi. Mhaka nkulu i ku ringeta ku endla nchumu lowu nga ta ku tsakisa no ku nyika nkarhi wo kuma mali. Ku engetela kwalaho, xitori lexi xi khutaza vantshwa na lava va ha ku sungulaka mintirho ya vona, xi va komba leswaku a ku na swihinga leswi nga hluriwiki. '''Reference''' * the book of street vending(2014)Mituall ndsdauwyfrxto83xd971c2d3ew860fy 0 8363 43067 2026-09-30T17:03:27Z GracaK 12512 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376902676|Hair]]" 43067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist|25em}}'''Misisi''' i swirhumbana swa protein leswi milaka swi huma eka ti-follicles leti kumekaka eka dermis. Misisi i xin'wana xa swihlawulekisi leswi hambanisaka swiharhi swa marhimana. Miri wa munhu, handle ka tindzhawu ta nhlonge leyi nga riki na misisi, wu funengetiwe hi ti follicles leti humesaka misisi yo tiya ya makumu na ya vellus yo saseka . Ku tsakela ngopfu misisi ku kongomisiwe eka ku kula ka misisi, tinxaka ta misisi ni ku khathalela misisi, kambe misisi yi tlhela yi va biomaterial ya nkoka leyi ngopfu-ngopfu yi vumbiwaka hi tiphrotheyini, ngopfu-ngopfu alpha-keratin. == Swikombo == g3e79mg1uoh6jx9klb8z499ldz1isdl 2 8364 43071 2026-09-30T17:12:15Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 10" 43071 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 10 enpmeekxcj3xmb637kv8mfzi8me1ujm 43076 43071 2026-09-30T17:26:00Z GracaK 12512 43076 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 10 [[File:Wooden Spoon.jpg|thumb|320x320px|NKOMBE]] == NKOMBE == '''Nkombe''' i xitirhisiwa xa le khixini lexi tirhisiwaka ku hlanganisa ni ku pfuxa swakudya loko swi swekiwa.<ref name=":1">[https://www.etsy.com/market/wooden_cooking_stick?msockid=19056c3a692d63aa0fa57ae068e46272 Wooden Cooking Stick - Etsy South Africa]</ref> Yi tala ku endliwa hi ntsandza naswona yi olovisa ku sweka swakudya swo fana na [[vuswa]], miroho ni vuswa bya [[mavele]]. Loko hi tirhisa nkombe, hi fanele hi yi hlayisa yi tshama yi basile.<ref name=":1" /> Endzhaku ko yi tirhisa hi fanele ku yi veka kahle. == SWIKOMBO == 9g8qmlv628l0pxdy1ri88wnxy0a8x3w 43077 43076 2026-09-30T17:27:06Z GracaK 12512 43077 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 10 [[File:Wooden Spoon.jpg|thumb|320x320px|NKOMBE]] == NKOMBE == '''Nkombe''' i xitirhisiwa xa le khixini lexi tirhisiwaka ku hlanganisa ni ku pfuxa swakudya loko swi swekiwa.<ref name=":1">[https://www.etsy.com/market/wooden_cooking_stick?msockid=19056c3a692d63aa0fa57ae068e46272 Wooden Cooking Stick - Etsy South Africa]</ref> Yi tala ku endliwa hi ntsandza naswona yi olovisa ku sweka swakudya swo fana na [[vuswa]], miroho ni vuswa bya [[mavele]]. Loko hi tirhisa nkombe, hi fanele hi yi hlayisa yi tshama yi basile.<ref name=":1" /> Endzhaku ko yi tirhisa hi fanele ku yi veka kahle. == SWIKOMBO == <references /> [[Category:Lepula]] 4bp588dxgo55dhjowfbyyumorbejjhi 0 8365 43072 2026-09-30T17:12:27Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "[[File:Gel-lac-gel-polish-by-diamond-nails.jpg|thumb|Minwala]] Swipikiri swa jelly swi vuyile, hi nkarhi lowu vekiweke wa makatla lama nga ambalangiki nchumu, swakunwa leswi nga ni ayisi ni ku endla manicure leswi nga ti teki swi ri swa nkoka ngopfu. Sheer, glossy, and a little bit juicy, ti nyika swipikiri ku hlantswiwa ka muvala handle ka ntiko wa opaque polish. Vuyelo bya kona byi ntshunxekile kambe bya ha antswisiwile—ku fana na muhlovo wa milomu, kambe eka manicur..." 43072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gel-lac-gel-polish-by-diamond-nails.jpg|thumb|Minwala]] Swipikiri swa jelly swi vuyile, hi nkarhi lowu vekiweke wa makatla lama nga ambalangiki nchumu, swakunwa leswi nga ni ayisi ni ku endla manicure leswi nga ti teki swi ri swa nkoka ngopfu. Sheer, glossy, and a little bit juicy, ti nyika swipikiri ku hlantswiwa ka muvala handle ka ntiko wa opaque polish. Vuyelo bya kona byi ntshunxekile kambe bya ha antswisiwile—ku fana na muhlovo wa milomu, kambe eka manicure ya wena. It’s also refreshingly low-maintenance, leswi endlaka leswaku yiva kahle eka tiholideyi to leha na swiyimiso swale handle ka ntirho. Hikuva ti jelly polishes ti translucent hi ntumbuluko, manicure yi rivalela nyana loko yi ambala. Ti chips ti languteka tinga vonaki ngopfu, kukula nakambe ka olova, naswona nchumu hinkwawo wuna charm yo olova leyi tirhaka kahle eka swipikiri swo koma tani hileswi switirhaka eka swivumbeko swo leha. It’s playful without looking overdone, leswi hi swona swi endlaka leswaku ti jelly nails ti titwa ti lulamerile swinene eka ximumu. Ku kuma ku languteka, fikelela ti sheer, glossy polishes kusuka eka Manucurist na Cirque Colors. Manucurist yinyika ku teka lokunga na matshalatshala, pared-back eka trend, kasi Cirque Colors yitiveka hi color-forward shades leyi endlaka leswaku ku hetisa ka jelly ku titwa kutsakisa ngopfu. Jazi rin’we ri nyika xifunengeto lexi tumbeleke xa muvala; timbirhi kumbe tinharhu ti aka ti va squishy, ​​high-shine manicure leyi nga na vuenti lebyikulu. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == https://www.beautylish.com/a/vznwr/jelly-nails sjpjfmxlu1wkwif44pgsl49xk83duoj 0 8366 43073 2026-09-30T17:19:13Z Lenova2 12519 Nzi tumbuluxe papila ra dirafu yavu mbhirhi 43073 wikitext text/x-wiki Vantswha<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mabumuza , Manthosi |first=KG , MJ |date=15/04 |year=2017 |title=VANTSHWA |publisher=MJ Manthosi |location=pretoria north |language=Xitsonga}}</ref> Loko hiku vantshwa hikongomisa eka vanhu vamalembe ya khume nhungu kufika eka makume mbirhi I vanhu lava votala kavona vakumekaka vahari swikolweni kambe lava ava tirhaka i vanhu lava hilangutelaka leswi nene eka vona tani hivana lava tsongo naswona lava vangana vutiva<ref group="xitsonga">vantshwa</ref> kambe kuna swotala leswi vantswha vaswi edlak swiyimisak midisi vantshwa va masuku lawa hikutal kavona ikuvati niketerile eka mabyala naswi ziziharisi leswi va onhelaka vumundzuku<ref>emabyaleni</ref> vantswa votala vutomi byavona byikomile swinene hiku vanwana vadlawa emabyaleni eswitarateni nile tidhawini to hlaya hlaya himhaka yamatikhomelo yavona<ref>swinenene</ref> n9cm2fk498jikbbanlskf393omd15dj 43074 43073 2026-09-30T17:23:12Z Lenova2 12519 Ndzi lulamise swihoxo 43074 wikitext text/x-wiki Vantswha<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mabumuza , Manthosi |first=KG , MJ |date=15/04 |year=2017 |title=VANTSHWA |publisher=MJ Manthosi |location=pretoria north |language=Xitsonga}}</ref> Loko hiku vantshwa hikongomisa eka vanhu vamalembe ya khume nhungu kufika eka makume mbirhi I vanhu lava votala kavona vakumekaka vahari swikolweni kambe lava tirhaka. I vanhu lava hilangutelaka leswi nene eka vona tani hivana lava tsongo naswona lava vangana vutivi<ref group="xitsonga">vantshwa</ref> kambe kuna swotala leswi vantswha vaswi edlak swiyimisaka misisi vantshwa va masiku lawa hikutala kavona ikuvati niketerile eka mabyala naswi ziziharisi leswi va onhelaka vumundzuku<ref>emabyaleni</ref> vantswa votala vutomi byavona byikomile swinene hiku vanwana vadlawa emabyaleni eswitarateni nile tidhawini to hlaya hlaya himhaka yamatikhomelo yavona<ref>swinenene</ref> <references /> 1f1y5iep3ji9mpcax7wnwp0ft1glpud 0 8367 43075 2026-09-30T17:25:19Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Vukati bya Ntswariwo-nyingi == === xithembu === Ntswariwo-nyingi i muxaka wa vukati lebyi pfumelelaka munhu ku va ni vanghana vo tlula un’we wa vukati hi nkarhi wun’we. Muxaka lowu nga tolovelekangiki wa vukati a wu tsakeriwa enkarhini lowu hundzeke naswona wa ha ri kona ninamuntlha. Kuna ku hambana ko tala kumbe ku amukeleka ka ntshamisano ka vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi. Tinxaka ta Ntswariwo-nyingi Ntswariwo-nyingi i xivumbeko lexi tolovelekeke xa ntswariwo..." 43075 wikitext text/x-wiki == Vukati bya Ntswariwo-nyingi == === xithembu === Ntswariwo-nyingi i muxaka wa vukati lebyi pfumelelaka munhu ku va ni vanghana vo tlula un’we wa vukati hi nkarhi wun’we. Muxaka lowu nga tolovelekangiki wa vukati a wu tsakeriwa enkarhini lowu hundzeke naswona wa ha ri kona ninamuntlha. Kuna ku hambana ko tala kumbe ku amukeleka ka ntshamisano ka vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi. Tinxaka ta Ntswariwo-nyingi Ntswariwo-nyingi i xivumbeko lexi tolovelekeke xa ntswariwo-nyingi, i muxaka wa vukati laha wanuna un’we a nga na vasati vo hlayanyana. Nakambe ku ni vukati bya xithembu, ku nga muxaka wa vukati lebyi eka byona wansati un’we a nga ni vavanuna vo hlayanyana. Ku tekana na vavasati vo tala swi tolovelekile swinene ku tlula ku teka nsati vo tala.Xin’wana xa swihoxo leswi tolovelekeke i ku pfilunganya ntswariwo-nyingi ni ntswariwo-nyingi. xithembu a hi xivumbeko xa ntswariwo-nyingi, i mukhuva lowu katsaka vuxaka byo tala ku tlula vuxaka byin’we. Ndhavuko na Vukhongeri Vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi i mukhuva lowu nga humelela eka mindhavuko yo tala. Swi ve mukhuva emindyangwini ku ringana switukulwana naswona swa ha humelela ni namuntlha. Eka mindhavuko yo tala vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi i xiphemu xa mindhavuko, vutomi bya ntshamisano, vuxaka bya ndyangu na rifuwo. Mintlawa yohambana hambana ya vukhongeri yina mavonelo yohambana hambana mayelana na vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi – van’wana va pfumelela naswona van’wana va teka ku teka nsati un’we tani hi xivumbeko xin’we ntsena lexi amukelekaka xa vukati.Hikwalaho ka ripfumelo ro hambana ra ndhavuko na vukhongeri mayelana na vukati bya ntswariwo-nyingi, mukhuva lowu wu tekiwa hi ndlela yo hambana emisaveni hinkwayo. Swilo Leswinene Swa Ntswariwo-nyingi Vanhu lava seketelaka ntswariwo-nyingi hi ntolovelo va vula leswaku swi tiyisa vuxaka bya ndyangu ni vukati. Eka mindhavuko yotala leyi amukelaka ntswariwo-nyingi, mukhuva lowu wu pfuneta ku tiyisisa vuxaka exikarhi ka swirho swa ndyangu. Mindyangu yo tano yi nga tlhela yi tirha ku antswa hikwalaho ka vanhu lavakulu vo tala lava kotaka ku hlayisa vana, ku endla mintirho ya le kaya na ku nyika nseketelo wa timali. Eka vanhu van’wana, ntswariwo-nyingi i xiphemu xa nkoka xa ndhavuko ni vukhongeri bya vona. Swiphiqo Swa Vukati Bya Ntswariwo-nyingi Hambi leswi ku teka ntswariwo-nyingi swi pfunaka eka mindyangu yin’wana, ku na timholovo to karhi leti nga papalatekiki eka tinxaka to tano ta vuxaka. Vukati lebyi nga ni vanghana vo tlula un’we va vukati byi lava ku vulavurisana loku pfulekeke ni loku tshamaka ku ri kona exikarhi ka vanghana leswaku va simeka makungu ya timali ni ya vutswari ni ku sivela swihlamariso leswi nga tsakisiki. Vatekani na vona va fanele ku burisana hi ku averiwa ka vutihlamuleri. Mavondzo ma nga ha va kona naswona ma vanga swiphiqo swo fana ni ku nga tshembeki ni ku pfumala nyingiso eka vavanuna kumbe vavasati. Vana na vona va nga ha xaniseka hikwalaho ka ku cinca-cinca loku nonon’hwaka ka ndyangu. Nakambe swi fanele ku xiyiwa leswaku vana va kula hi ndlela yo hambana. '''References''' https://www.polygamy.com/ 6i9a5ht3261998ncft9cywgxzefp1t7 2 8368 43079 2026-09-30T17:28:21Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 11" 43079 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 11 8mpuce5m8p2a02pelzmfcbqh7k5cidg 43080 43079 2026-09-30T17:43:14Z GracaK 12512 43080 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 11 [[File:Oat porridge in Ghana.jpg|thumb|306x306px|soft porridge]] == MUKAPU == '''Mukapu''' i swakudya swo olova leswi endliwaka hi vuswa bya ma mavela, mavele ya xikaya kumbe vuswa byinwana. Byi swekiwa hi [[mati]] ku kondza byi va byo olova naswona byi tala ku dyiwa hi nimixo.<ref name=":1">[https://ayandalovesfood.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-to-make-soft-porridge-umdoko.html Ayanda loves food: How to make soft porridge (Umdoko)]</ref> Mukapu wu nga dyiwa wu ri woxe kumbe wu hlanganisa ni masi, chukela kumbe swakudya swinwana.<ref name=":1" /> I swakudya leswi rhandziwaka hi [[vanhu]] vo tala naswona swi olova ku sweka. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Mukapu]] gcahng9yriki25j0r2qx7svsssmavm1 2 8369 43081 2026-09-30T17:45:19Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 12" 43081 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 12 ixx9ofck2xxr8vql7ywxylf1ci9n3y6 43084 43081 2026-09-30T18:01:32Z GracaK 12512 43084 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 12 [[File:Mangos - single and halved.jpg|thumb|311x311px|mango]] == MANGO == '''Mango''' i mihandzu yo nandziha leyi milaka emurhini wa mango. Yi va na muhlovo wa [[rihlaza]] loko yingase vupfa, kutani yi hundzuka yo tshwuka kumbe ya xitshopana loko yi vupfile.<ref name=":1">[https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/mango Mango: Nutrition, Health Benefits, and How to Eat It]</ref> Mango yi na juzi naswona yi ni nantswa wo nandzika.<ref name=":1" /> Mango yi na swihlohloteri leswi pfunaka miri ku va na rihanyu lerinene. Yi nga dyiwa yi ri tano kumbe yi tirhisiwa ku endla juzi, saladi na swakudya swin'wana. Hi xitalo, mango yi rhandziwa hi [[vanhu]] vo tala hikuva ya nandzika swinene. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Mihandzu]] sru17e9m11kkqvyael2dyxv8v6e65sg 0 8370 43082 2026-09-30T17:55:50Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Swipfuno swa Tindlu ta RDP eAfrika-Dzonga == Tindlu ta RDP (nongonoko wo pfuxeta na nhluvukiso), leti hi ntolovelo ti vuriwaka tindlu leti pfuniwaka hi mfumo, ti vumba xiphemu xa nkoka xa maendlelo ya Afrika-Dzonga yo ndlandlamuxa mfikelelo wa tindlu to ringanela eka mindyangu leyi holaka mali ya le hansi.Nongonoko wu nyika vavuyeriwa lava faneleke kaya leri akiweke hi ku hetiseka handle ko hakela, hambileswi vaaki va faneleke ku hakela mati ya masipala, gezi na swi..." 43082 wikitext text/x-wiki == Swipfuno swa Tindlu ta RDP eAfrika-Dzonga == Tindlu ta RDP (nongonoko wo pfuxeta na nhluvukiso), leti hi ntolovelo ti vuriwaka tindlu leti pfuniwaka hi mfumo, ti vumba xiphemu xa nkoka xa maendlelo ya Afrika-Dzonga yo ndlandlamuxa mfikelelo wa tindlu to ringanela eka mindyangu leyi holaka mali ya le hansi.Nongonoko wu nyika vavuyeriwa lava faneleke kaya leri akiweke hi ku hetiseka handle ko hakela, hambileswi vaaki va faneleke ku hakela mati ya masipala, gezi na swibalo swin’wana swa vukorhokeri leswi tirhaka. Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Kaya Mfikelelo wa ku Fikeleleka Mbuyelo wa nkoka wa yindlu ya RDP hileswaku yi nyika mindyangu leyi faneleke mfikelelo eka kaya ra nkarhi hinkwawo handle ko lava ku endla xikombelo xa xibalo xa ndhavuko. Leswi swi pfuna ngopfu eka mindyangu leyi nga na muholo lowu nga nyawuriki leyi hi ndlela yin’wana yi nga ha lwelaka ku nghena eka makete wa tindlu wa ximfumo. Tindlu leti seketeriwaka hi mfumo ti kongomisiwile ku nyika tindlu leti ringaneleke eka lava va fikelelaka swipimelo leswi faneleke swa ku faneleka. Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Kaya Swiyimo swa Vutomi leswi Antswiweke Tindlu ta RDP ti nyika mindyangu nkarhi wo suka eka vutshamo lebyi nga riki bya xivumbeko kumbe lebyi nga ringanelangiki ku ya eka swivumbeko swa vutshamo bya ximfumo. Leswi swi nga nyika mindyangu ndhawu leyi hlayisekeke ni leyi tiyeke. RDP yo anama na migingiriko ya vutshamo bya vanhu yi tlhele yi kongomisa eka ku antswisa mfikelelo wa vukorhokeri byo fana na mati, nkululo, gezi na switirhisiwa swin’wana. Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Kaya Vuhlayiseki bya Tindlu lebyi Tiyeke Ku tshama eka vutshamo bya ximfumo swi nga nyika mindyangu nsirhelelo lowu engetelekeke ni ku tshamiseka. Ematshan’wini yo titshega hi tindlu leti nga riki ta xivumbeko kumbe malunghiselelo ya nkarhi wo koma, vavuyeriwa va kota ku tshama eka ndhawu ya vutshamo leyi phakeriwaka hi mfumo Mfumo wu hlayisa dathabeyisi ya tindlu eka vavuyeriwa, naswona vumbhoni bya vun’wini byi humesiwa hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra mfumo leri faneleke. Hi ku ya hi Ndzawulo ya Vutshamo bya Vanhu, vavuyeriwa va nyikiwa matsalwa ya vulawuri loko nkarhi lowu tirhaka wu hundzile. Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Kaya Ku koteka ka Vun’wini bya Nhundzu ya Nkarhi wo Leha Yindlu ya RDP yi nga tirha tanihi rifuwo ra nkoka eka muti. Ku va na kaya ra ximfumo swi nga veka masungulo yo hlengeleta rifuwo ra le kaya hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ntsena loko muamukeri a landzelela milawu leyi lawulaka tindhawu leti seketeriwaka hi mfumo. Xikombiso, swipimelo swi nga tirha eka ku xavisiwa kumbe ku hundziseriwa ka nhundzu ya RDP hi nkarhi lowu faneleke. Hikwalaho vavuyeriwa va fanele ku kambela milawu leyi tirhaka na Ndzawulo ya vona ya Xifundzankulu ya Vutshamo bya Vanhu kumbe masipala va nga si xavisa, ku hirha kumbe ku endla ku cinca lokukulu eka ndhawu. '''References''' * https://www.dhs.gov.za/FAQ * https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2026-News-Articles/How-the-RDPBNG-housing-allocation-process-works.aspx * https://sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/the_reconstruction_and_development_programm_1994.pdf c30f6eb9pkx21gi98jbq6ncwxtp54sz 2 8371 43085 2026-09-30T18:02:37Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya vu 13" 43085 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 13 oc3brg1y5ofimlaci6jpckq56i4wmsv 43086 43085 2026-09-30T18:14:39Z GracaK 12512 43086 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya vu 13 [[File:Wine grapes baja.jpg|thumb|345x345px]] == MADIRIVA == '''Madiriva''' i mihandzu leyi milaka hi mintlhaveko emarhavini ya murhi wa madiriva.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Grape|Grape - Wikipedia]]</ref> Ma nga vaya rihlaza, ya [[tshwuka]] kumbe ya ntima, naswona ma na nantswo wo nandzika.<ref name=":1" /> Madiriva ma na [[mati]] yo tala na swona ma pfuna miri leswaku rihanyo lerinene. Ma nga dyiwa hi wona kumbe ma tirhisiwa ku endla juzi na swakudya swin'wana. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Mihandzu]] qiyvmlg605kwbium4fz7hux7l0jbgf5 2 8372 43087 2026-09-30T18:16:15Z GracaK 12512 Created page with "leyi i dirafuti ya 14" 43087 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya 14 477o66i00xhye2010ywoicy8vbhi20d 43093 43087 2026-09-30T18:35:42Z GracaK 12512 43093 wikitext text/x-wiki leyi i dirafuti ya 14 [[File:Firewood cut from Mosunyana tree.jpg|thumb|339x339px]] == TIHUNYI == '''Tihunyu''' i swiphemu swa murhi leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku endla ndzilo. Vanhu va tirhisa tihunyi ku sweka swakudya, ku kufumeta tindlu ni ku endla ndzilo wo hisa. Tihunyi ti kumeka emisaveni, ngopfu-ngopfu eka tindhawu leti nga ni mirhi yo tala.<ref name=":1">[https://woodfellas.co.za/ Wood Fellas – Quality Dry Wood]</ref> Loko hi lava tihunyi, hi fanele hi papalata ku tsena [[mirhi]] hi ndlela leyi nga onhaka [[ntumbuluko]].<ref name=":1" /> Hi fanele hi tirhisa tihunyi hi vutlhari naswona hi hlayisa mirhi ni makhwati. Ku hlayisa makhwatini swi pfuna ku sirhelela mbango, swiharhi ni swimilani leswi tshamaka kona. == SWIKOMBO == [[Category:Wood]] ltggkg2yg9se0z8uljb7toeojukrmi7 0 8373 43088 2026-09-30T18:21:09Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== '''Ku xanisiwa eSwikolweni''' == '''Ku xanisiwa i mhaka leyi rharhanganeke ya nkoka wa sweswi eka dyondzo. Hi ntolovelo yi vumbiwa hi swiendlo swa tihanyi swa miri, swa nomu, swa ntshamisano kumbe swa le ka inthanete leswi kongomisiweke eka xichudeni hi xichudeni xin’wana kumbe ntlawa wa swichudeni. Vana lava xanisiweke va nga ha va ni swiphiqo swa miri, swa mintlhaveko kumbe swa mianakanyo leswi nga va landzelaka ku fikela loko va kurile.''' '''Ku ni tinhlamuse..." 43088 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Ku xanisiwa eSwikolweni''' == '''Ku xanisiwa i mhaka leyi rharhanganeke ya nkoka wa sweswi eka dyondzo. Hi ntolovelo yi vumbiwa hi swiendlo swa tihanyi swa miri, swa nomu, swa ntshamisano kumbe swa le ka inthanete leswi kongomisiweke eka xichudeni hi xichudeni xin’wana kumbe ntlawa wa swichudeni. Vana lava xanisiweke va nga ha va ni swiphiqo swa miri, swa mintlhaveko kumbe swa mianakanyo leswi nga va landzelaka ku fikela loko va kurile.''' '''Ku ni tinhlamuselo to hlayanyana leti nga ha vaka kona ta leswaku ha yini swichudeni swi xanisa swichudeni swin’wana. Minkarhi yin’wana i ndlela yo kuma ndhuma eka tintangha kumbe ku kuma ntwela-vusiwana eka vadyondzisi ni vatswari. Hakanyingi vaxanisi va le xikolweni va endla hi mintlawa, kambe leswi a swi va ntshunxi eka vutihlamuleri bya swiendlo swa vona. Ku nga khathariseki xivangelo, vaaki va xikolo va fanele ku tshika ku xanisa ni ku xanisa vana.''' '''Swikolo, vadyondzisi, vatswari, swichudeni ni vaaki hi ku angarhela va ni vutihlamuleri lebyi fanaka byo sivela ku xanisiwa. Eka xiyimo xa xikolo, i swa nkoka leswaku vadyondzisi va lulamisa mhaka leyi hi xihatla na ku tumbuluxa tipholisi ku sivela timhangu tin’wana. Ku engetela kwalaho, vatswari va fanele ku tumbuluxa mbulavurisano lowu pfulekeke ni vana va vona laha va nga bulaka hi swiyimo swo tika va ri exikolweni. Swichudeni swi nga pfuneta ku tshika ku xanisiwa hi ku ka swi nga hlanganyeli eka swona, swi sirhelela vahlaseriwa ni ku vika vaxanisi eka valawuri va xikolo. Vahlaseriwa va ku xanisiwa va fanele ku twisisa leswaku xiphiqo a hi vutihlamuleri bya vona naswona va ni mfanelo yo xi vika. Ku tlula kwalaho, vana va fanele ku khutaziwa leswaku va nga yimi na vona naswona va miyela loko va vona munhu a xanisiwa.''' '''Loko va langutane ni ku xanisiwa, i swa nkoka leswaku vahlaseriwa va lava mpfuno eka munhu lonkulu loyi a n’wi tshembaka. Loyi a nga ha va mutswari, mudyondzisi, mutsundzuxi wa xikolo kumbe munhu un’wana lonkulu. Ku engetela kwalaho, vahlaleri va nga hoxa xandla swinene hi ku kombisa musa eka vahlaseriwa ni ku ala ku hlanganyela eku xanisiweni. Xo hetelela, vaaki va fanele ku seketela swikolo eku heriseni ka ku xanisiwa eka swivandla swa dyondzo na ku tumbuluxa tindlela to swi sivela.''' References * https://www.sacap.edu.za/blog/applied-psychology/bullying-in-schools/ * https://www.education.gov.za/Informationfor/Learners/Bullyinginschools.aspx * https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/what-is-bullying tg49ppjuahybwiba1dcqyz2bdo2wbds 0 8374 43089 2026-09-30T18:24:11Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Added a picture, a link and category 43089 wikitext text/x-wiki N'wachu-Hanci N'wachu i xiharhi lexikulu lexi nga na milenge ya mune misisi yo leha enhlokweni na ncila wo leha. Vanhu va hlayisa tin'wachu leswaku va ti khandziya, ku tirha hi tona emapurasini ku rhwala swilo ni mintlangu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jens Lorenz |first=Franzen |date=2010 |title=55 million years of Evolution |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland, USA}}</ref> Tihanci ti hundzukile eka minkarhi leyi tlulaka 55 wa timiliyoni ta malembe. Khale tihanci a ti ri swihari leswintsongo leswi a swi ri na tintiho to tala naswona a swi hanya emakhwatini. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi tihanci ti sungule ku kula, ti va ni milenge yo leha ti va ni milrnge yo leha naswona tisungula ku va ni tlhavi rin'we eka nenge wun'wana na wun'wana. ku hundzuka loku ku ti pfune ku tsutsuma hi rivilo ni ku hanya kahle emalawini lama pfulekeke. <ref>{{Cite book |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |date=1992 |title=Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521340410 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom}}</ref> [[File:Biandintz eta zaldiak - modified2.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Hanci]] Nwanchumu wa khale swinene wa tihanci lowu tiviwaka a ku ri "Eohippus" lowu na kambe a wu vitaniwa "Hyracotherium". A wu ringana ni mbyana leyi ntsongo naswona awu ri na tintiho ta mune emilengeni ya le mahlweni ni tintiho tinharhu emilengeni ya le ndzhaku. Loko mbango wuri nkarhi wu cinca, tihanci ti sungule kuva ni meno lama ya tiyeke yo yo dya byanyi, milenge yo leha ni miri lowunkulu. Eka timiliyoni ta malenbe, tihanci ti hundzukile ti hundzukile ti va tihanci ta manguva lawa (Equus ferus caballus) leti ti nga ni tlhavi rin'we eka nege wun'wana na wun'wana. Tihanci ta manguva lava ti swikota kahle ku tsutsuma naswona ti hanya kahle emalawini lamapfulekeke.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Loomies |first=Frederic Brewster |date=1926 |title=The Evolution of the Horses |publisher=Marshall Jones Company |isbn=9780598890313 |location=Boston, Massachusetts, USA}}</ref> <references /> mqujqpd337h38htt5c1qbnd7ztw2xsp 0 8375 43091 2026-09-30T18:31:38Z Blaq centia 12476 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377450544|McDonald's]]" 43091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"McDonald’s Corporation"''' I khampani ya le matikweni yale handle (e Amerika) leyi nga ndzhawu yodyela swakudya swo hatlisa. Khampani leyi yi simekiwile hi lembe ra 1940, Tanihi ndzhawu yo dyela leyi fambisiwaka hi vamakwerhu Richard na Maurice McDonald "e San Bernardino, California", Naswona yi kule yi va yin’wana ya tikhampani letikulu ta tirhesiturente emisaveni. Eku heleni ka lembe ra 2025, sisiteme ya McDonald’s a yi katsa 45,356 wa tirhesiturente ematikweni yo tlula 100, kwalomu ka 95% wa tona a ti fambisiwa hi va-franchisee . ayxmmgjvneoxrq3mkkfeeohua2h703i 0 8376 43094 2026-09-30T18:43:41Z Blaq centia 12476 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376285767|FNB Stadium]]" 43094 wikitext text/x-wiki Yi kumeka ekusuhi na ntsindza wa Nhlangano wa Bolo ya Milenge wa Afirika-Dzonga ( ''SAFA House'' ) laha ku nga na tihofisi ta FIFA na Komiti yo hlela ya ndzhawu ya khapu ya misava ya FIFA ya lembe ra 2010 . <ref name="FIFA-Soccer_City">{{Cite web|title=Soccer City|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=5007759/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617120423/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=5007759/index.html|archive-date=17 June 2007|accessdate=2008-06-30|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Xi endliwile tani hi xitediyamu lexikulu xa bolo ya milenge xa nhlangano eka khapu ya misava ya lembe ra 2010, Xitediyamu xa FNB xi hundzukile xitediyamu lexikulu swinene e Afirika lexi nga na ndzhawu yikulu yo ringanela 94,736 ya vatshami wa vanhu. Hambiswiritano,Ndzhawu ya xona leyikulu hi nkarhi wa khapu ya misava ya "FIFA" ya lembe ra 2010 a byi ri 84,490 hikwalaho ka switulu leswi vekeriweke vateki va mahungu na va-"VIP". Xitediyamu lexi xitlhela xitiveka hi vito ra xona ra xirhangiso ra "The Calabash " hikokwalaho ka kufana ka xona na poto ra Afirika <ref>{{Cite web|title=The African Pot Takes Shape|url=http://www.archicentral.com/the-african-pot-takes-shape-15650/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715081051/http://www.archicentral.com/the-african-pot-takes-shape-15650/|archive-date=15 July 2010|accessdate=2010-07-07}}</ref> kumbe "gourd". 48hslfcxg4av2vu6yzzqsi2cjn7glll 0 8377 43095 2026-09-30T18:55:00Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== '''Nkoka Wa Ku Byala Minsinya''' == Minsinya i nchumu wa nkoka eka mbango wa hina naswona ya pfuna swinene eka pulanete. Ti humesa okisijini, ti fuwisa misava, ti nyika vutshamo na vutumbelo bya swiharhi, na swin’wana swo tala. Hikwalaho ka swivangelo leswi, ku byala misinya i kungu ra nkoka swinene leri faneleke ku nghenelela eka vanhu hinkwavo. Vuyelo lebyikulu bya mirhi hileswaku yi kota ku antswisa khwalithi ya moya lowu hi wu hefemulaka. Leswi ti hetisisa l..." 43095 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Nkoka Wa Ku Byala Minsinya''' == Minsinya i nchumu wa nkoka eka mbango wa hina naswona ya pfuna swinene eka pulanete. Ti humesa okisijini, ti fuwisa misava, ti nyika vutshamo na vutumbelo bya swiharhi, na swin’wana swo tala. Hikwalaho ka swivangelo leswi, ku byala misinya i kungu ra nkoka swinene leri faneleke ku nghenelela eka vanhu hinkwavo. Vuyelo lebyikulu bya mirhi hileswaku yi kota ku antswisa khwalithi ya moya lowu hi wu hefemulaka. Leswi ti hetisisa leswi hi ku tswonga khaboni-dayokisayidi ni chefu yin’wana ivi ti swi hundzula okisijini hi ku tirhisa photosynthesis. Ku tlula kwalaho, mirhi yi nga hunguta ku hlengeletiwa ka musi ni ku thyakisa moya, leswi endlaka leswaku mbango wu va ndhawu leyi hlayisekeke swinene yo tshama eka yona. Ku engetela kwalaho, mirhi yi sivela ku khuluka ka mati naswona yi pfuneta ku hunguta vuyelo bya ku khuluka ka misava ni ndhambi. Maendlelo ya timintsu ta misinya ya khoma misava swin’we, yi yi boha leswaku yinga fambi na mati ya milambu leyi khulukaka hiku hatlisa kutani yi biwa hi moya. Mirhi yi nga tlhela yi sivela mati ya xidzedze, xisweswo yi sivela ndhambi. Vuyelo byin’wana bya mirhi hileswaku yi nyika vutumbelo ni swakudya eka tinxaka to tala leti tshamaka emisaveni ya hina. Tindhawu to tshama eka tona tofana na makhwati ti seketela swiharhi swohambana hambana, naswona ku byala misinya ya ndzhavuko swinga endliwa leswaku kuta vuyiseriwa makaya ya vanghana van’wana va hina va swiharhi. Xo hetelela, mirhi ya vuyerisa vaaki. Ti nyika ndzhuti hi masiku yo kufumela ya ximumu xikan’we naku sasekisa doroba. Ti nga tlhela ti tswala mihandzu leyi dyiwaka hi vanhu ni swiharhi swin’wana. Ku tlula kwalaho, va nga tlhela va hi nyika swilo leswi nga tirhisiwangiki leswi nga hi pfunaka. Ku byala mirhi i ntirho lowu nga ta vuyerisa swinene tinxaka leti taka. Hambileswi swi nga ha tekaka nkarhinyana swimilana leswintshwa leswi byariweke swi nga si kula swi va misinya leyi vupfeke hi ku helela, mimpfuno ya swona yi ta tshama nkarhi wo leha ku fikela enkarhini lowu taka. Miganga, xikan’we na vanhu, vanga byala misinya leswaku yita sasekisa ndzhawu ya yona, yikuma switirhisiwa naku nyika vutumbelo eka swifuwo xikan’we naku sivela ku khuluka ka misava. Xisweswo, un’wana na un’wana u fanele ku nghenelela eka kungu leri leswaku a ta antswisa misava leyi hi hanyaka eka yona. '''References''' * https://www.earthday.org/5-reasons-we-need-trees-for-a-healthy-planet/ * https://treepeople.org/22-benefits-of-trees/ nur9zp73d19xu80f69jqwsgufoty5il 0 8378 43096 2026-09-30T18:58:46Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "[[File:Mustard pot or milk pot MET 143823.jpg|thumb|''Xipotwana'']] Xipotwana yo sweka i xibya xo sweka lexi dzikeke, xa xirhendzevutani lexi endleriweke ku kufumeta, ku virisa, ku sweka kumbe ku sweka swakudya. Hi ntolovelo ti endliwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa swofana na stainless steel, cast iron, kumbe ceramic, swibyariwa swina xivumbeko xo anama, xo enta xofana na xibya lexinga ehansi ka xiphepherhele naswona switala kuva na swifunengeto kuva swita hlayisa kuhisa na nd..." 43096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mustard pot or milk pot MET 143823.jpg|thumb|''Xipotwana'']] Xipotwana yo sweka i xibya xo sweka lexi dzikeke, xa xirhendzevutani lexi endleriweke ku kufumeta, ku virisa, ku sweka kumbe ku sweka swakudya. Hi ntolovelo ti endliwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa swofana na stainless steel, cast iron, kumbe ceramic, swibyariwa swina xivumbeko xo anama, xo enta xofana na xibya lexinga ehansi ka xiphepherhele naswona switala kuva na swifunengeto kuva swita hlayisa kuhisa na ndzhongho. Tina nkoka swinene eka kululamisela swakudya swohambana hambana, kusuka eka ti soup na ti stews kuya eka pasta na ti sauces, leswi endlaka leswaku tiva xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka khixi rin’wana na rin’wana. Xipotwana yo sweka, hi xivumbeko xa yona xo olova, i xibya xo sweka lexi dzikeke, xa xirhendzevutani, lexi hi ntolovelo xi hlomisiweke hi swikhomo na xifunengeto, lexi endleriweke ngopfu ku sweka swakudya hi nhlayo leyikulu ya mati. Ehleketa hi yona tanihi xitirho xa xisekelo xo endla xin’wana ni xin’wana ku sukela eka supu yo olova ku ya eka xisibi lexi rharhanganeke, lexi swekiweke hi ku nonoka. I hanci ya ntirho ya khixi ra wena. Kambe nhlamuselo yoleyo yo olova a yi khwaxa hi ku nonoka. Misava ya swibya swo sweka i yikulu naswona yi hambanile, ku ni mixaka yo hambana-hambana, swilo leswi tirhisiwaka ni vukulu hinkwaswo swi endleriwe mintirho yo karhi. Ku twisisa ku hambana loku i xilotlelo xo pfula vuswikoti bya wena hinkwabyo tanihi mupheki wa le kaya. Eka nkongomiso lowu, hi ta hundza swinene eka nhlamuselo ya xisekelo. Hi ta kambisisa tinxaka to hambana ta swibya swo sweka, hi hahlula swinene na leswo biha swa switirhisiwa swo hambana, hi ku nyika vutivi lebyi tirhaka lebyi u byi lavaka ku hlawula, ku tirhisa, na ku hlayisa poto leri hetisekeke eka recipe yin’wana na yin’wana. Loko hinga se nghena eka tinxaka to tsakisa ta swibyariwa leswi kumekaka, a hi simekeni xisekelo lexi nga erivaleni. Ku tiva anatomy ya xisekelo na ndlela leyi poto ri hambanaka ha yona na muzala wa yona wa le kusuhi, pani, swi ta endla leswaku rungula hinkwaro leri landzelaka ri olova swinene ku ri gayela. Hi swihi swiphemu leswikulu swa poto ro sweka? Hambileswi tipulani ti hambanaka, swibya swo tala swo sweka swi ni xivumbeko lexi fanaka xa miri lexi hetisekeke eka malembe-xidzana yo tala. Xiphemu xin’wana ni xin’wana xi tirha ntirho wa nkoka eka endlelo ro sweka. Miri: Lexi i xibya lexikulu lexi khomaka swakudya na mati. Ku enta ka yona i nchumu lowu hlamuselaka, leswi pfumelelaka ku nwela ehansi ka mati na ku sweka hi ku nonoka. Ku enta ka marhangu ya miri na base swina nkoka swinene eka ku khomiwa ka kuhisa xikan’we naku hangalasiwa. Xiseketelo: Xiphemu xa le hansi xa Xipotwana. Xiseketelo xo tika, xa xiphepherhele xitiyisisa kutshamiseka eka xitofu naswona xinyika ku hlangana loku ringanaka na xihlovo xa kuhisa, ku sivela tindzhawu to hisa letinga hisa swakudya swa wena. TiXipotwana tin’wana ta xiyimo xale henhla tina base ya multi-layer kumbe “clad” leyingana core ya aluminium kumbe copper kuva yi fambisa kuhisa lokukulu. Swikhomo: Leswi i swa nkoka leswaku swi hlayiseka naswona swi kota ku famba-famba. Xipotwana yingava na xikhomela xin’we xo leha (kufana na saucepan) kumbe swikhomo swimbirhi leswintsongo swa loop (kufana na stockpot kumbe Dutch oven). Ti fanele ti tiya, ti khomelela kahle naswona ti endleriwe ku tshama ti kufumela hilaha swi nga kotekaka hakona. Xifunengeto: Xifunengeto lexinene a hi xifunengeto ntsena. Yi khoma ku hisa na ndzhongho, leswinga swa nkoka swinene eka braising, steaming na simmering. == Swihlovo leswi lavekaka == https://eathealthy365.com/cooking-pots-explained-types-materials-how-to-choose/<ref>{{Cite web|last=Silas|date=2026-01-07|title=Cooking Pots Explained: Types, Materials & How to Choose|url=https://eathealthy365.com/cooking-pots-explained-types-materials-how-to-choose/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Flavor365|language=en-US}}</ref> n6li0dz24u0zthqpgdcs89xwtjij22m 0 8379 43099 2026-09-30T19:09:35Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "Yunifomo i swiambalo swo hambana-hambana leswi ambariwaka hi swirho swa nhlangano loko hi ntolovelo swi hlanganyela eka ntirho wa nhlangano wolowo. Yunifomo ya manguva lawa hakanyingi yi ambariwa hi mavuthu lama hlomeke ni minhlangano leyi nga riki ya masocha yo tanihi maphorisa, vukorhokeri bya xihatla, varindzi va vuhlayiseki, etindhawini tin’wana ta ntirho ni le swikolweni, ni hi vabohiwa emakhotsweni. Ematikweni man’wana, vatirhela-mfumo van’wana na vona va am..." 43099 wikitext text/x-wiki Yunifomo i swiambalo swo hambana-hambana leswi ambariwaka hi swirho swa nhlangano loko hi ntolovelo swi hlanganyela eka ntirho wa nhlangano wolowo. Yunifomo ya manguva lawa hakanyingi yi ambariwa hi mavuthu lama hlomeke ni minhlangano leyi nga riki ya masocha yo tanihi maphorisa, vukorhokeri bya xihatla, varindzi va vuhlayiseki, etindhawini tin’wana ta ntirho ni le swikolweni, ni hi vabohiwa emakhotsweni. Ematikweni man’wana, vatirhela-mfumo van’wana na vona va ambala yunifomo loko va ri entirhweni wa vona; swi tano hi Khomixini ya Vuthu ra Vukorhokeri bya Rihanyo ra Mani na Mani ra le United States kumbe vafumi va le Furwa. Eka tinhlengeletano tin’wana, to tanihi maphorisa, swi nga ha va swi nga ri enawini leswaku vanhu lava nga riki swirho va ambala yunifomo. Minkarhi yin’wana vatirhi va ambala yunifomo kumbe swiambalo swa nhlangano swa muxaka wun’wana kumbe wun’wana. Vatirhi lava lavekaka ku ambala yunifomo va nga ha katsa vatirhi va vuxavisi, vatirhi va le bangi na le tihofisini ta poso, vatirhi va vuhlayiseki bya mfumo na nhlayiso wa rihanyo, vatirhi va blue-collar, vadyondzisi va munhu hi xiyexe eka titlilabhu ta rihanyo, vadyondzisi eka tikampa ta ximumu, varindzi va vutomi, vahlayisi, vatirhi va vutleketli bya mani na mani, vachayeri va tilori to koka na tilori, vatirhi va swihahampfhuka na vafambisi va tiholideyi, na vatirhi va tibara, tirhesiturente na tihotela. Ku tirhisiwa ka yunifomo eka tinhlengeletano ta mabindzu kumbe ta vukorhokeri bya mfumo hakanyingi swi kombisa matshalatshala yo endla branding na ku tumbuluxa xifaniso xa nhlangano lexi tolovelekeke; swi tlhela swi va na vuyelo bya nkoka[hi byihi?] eka vatirhi lava lavekaka ku ambala yunifomo. Muchayeri wa xihaha-mpfhuka loyi a ambaleke yunifomo. Rito leri nge yunifomo ri nga ha hambukisa hikuva vatirhi a hi minkarhi hinkwayo va fanaka hi ku helela hi ku languteka naswona va nga ha va va nga ambalanga swiambalo leswi nyikiwaka hi nhlangano minkarhi hinkwayo, loko va ha yimela nhlangano hi swiambalo swa vona. Ntirho wa dyondzo eka maambalelo ya nhlangano hi Rafaeli & Pratt (1993) wu kombetele eka ku fana (homogeneity) ka maambalelo tanihi xiphemu xin’we, na ku vonaka tanihi xa vumbirhi. Hi xikombiso, vatirhi hinkwavo lava ambaleke swa ntima va nga ha vonaka va ri lava vonakaka xisweswo va yimela nhlangano hambileswi swiambalo swa vona swi fanaka ntsena hi muvala wa swiambalo swa vona, ku nga ri hi swivumbeko swa wona. Pratt & Rafaeli, (1997) va hlamusele ku lwisana exikarhi ka vatirhi na vufambisi mayelana na maambalelo ya nhlangano tanihi ku lwisana mayelana na tinhlamuselo leti dzikeke na vutivi lebyi maambalelo byi byi yimelaka. Naswona Pratt & Rafaeli (2001) va hlamusele maambalelo tanihi yin’wana ya sete leyikulu ya swikombiso na swilo swa khale eka tinhlengeletano, leswi hlanganaka swi va ririmi ra vuhlanganisi. == Swihlovo leswi lavekaka == https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388557229_The_Effects_of_School_Uniforms<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yeghinyan |first=Erik |date=2021-01-31 |title=The Effects of School Uniforms |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388557229_The_Effects_of_School_Uniforms |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.22339.72486}}</ref> 3ufylivyjaysvrqofow95g71xa3kxxs 0 8380 43101 2026-09-30T19:22:16Z NKaTEKOCLAWs 12529 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1287933855|Spinach salad]]" 43101 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Saladi ya xipinichi''' i saladi leyingana [[Xipinachi|xipinichi]] tani hi xitirhisiwa xa yona lexikulu. EUS, matirhelo lema ambariweke hi biriviri na nyama yo bava na soso ya saladi leyi yi onhaka nyana spinach ayi tsakeriwa ngopfu hiva 1970s kuya fika hiva 1980s naswona yivuriwa hi vito ra xiyimo xa le henhla. Mendlelo ya kona eka swakudya swa Persia, Georgia na Chinese, naswona matirhelo yale US ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1900s ayi tirhisa xipinichi lexi swekiweke eka [[Molded salad|saladi leyi vumbiweke]] . == Switirhisiwa, ku lulamisiwa na ku phamela == [[File:Salad_fixins_(3368228269).jpg|thumb| Xipinichi lexi hlantswiweke, nyama yo swekiwa leyi oxiweke, tandza ni tinyala swi vekeriwe ku endla saladi ya xipinichi.]] Swilo leswi engetelekeke leswi tolovelekeke swi katsa matamatisi, tandza, chizi, ti- almond leti tsemiweke, ti- walnut ni/kumbe ti berries letintshwa kumbe leti omisiweke, to tanihi cranberry kumbe strawberry . Salad ya xipinichi ni tindlela ta yona to hambana-hambana swi nga ha endleka ku ri yin’wana ya tisaladi leti vanhu vo tala va ti tsakelaka. Salad ya xipinichi hi ntolovelo yi phameriwa na bacon yo kufumela kumbe viniga na soso, kambe ku hambana a ku heli. <ref name="Simply">{{Cite book |last=Jennifer Chandler |year=2007 |title=Simply Salads: More than 100 Creative Recipes You Can Make in Minutes from Prepackaged Greens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5H7_p9yKQMcC&dq=spinach+salad&pg=PA248 |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc. |isbn=9781418577742 |page=19 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> <ref name="JOC">{{Cite book |last=Irma S. Rombauer |year=1997 |title=Joy of Cooking, 1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbyW2LeXIOkC&dq=spinach+salad&pg=PA213 |last2=Marion Rombauer Becker |last3=Ethan Becker |last4=Maria Guarnaschelli |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780684818702 |location=New York, New York USA |pages=213–214 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> Saladi yinga phameriwa tani hi swakudya leswikulu kumbe swakudya swale tlhelo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Musgrave|first=Christina|date=2021-07-26|title=Warm Spinach Salad Recipe|url=https://www.mashed.com/466040/warm-spinach-salad-recipe/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Static Media|Mashed]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Denby|first=Laura|date=20 December 2023|title=14 Spinach Salad Recipes That Are Hearty Enough for a Fast Weeknight Meal|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/photos/spinach-salad-recipes|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Food Network]]|language=en}}</ref> Vuhundzuluxeri bya xiyimo xale henhla lebyingana nyama yo bava ya soso hi ntolovelo byi phameriwa byi kufumela; yi endliwe hi xipinichi lexi vupfeke tani hi switirhisiwa leswikulu, kambe loko xipinichi xa n’wana xi sungula ku kumeka eka switolo leswikulu xi sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swakudya. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Melissa|authorlink=Melissa Clark|date=28 November 2016|title=A Warm Spinach Salad, Wearing Pancetta and Egg|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/dining/warm-spinach-salad-pancetta-egg.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Maendlelo ya 1983 ra ''New York Times'' leri endliweke hi Florence Fabricant hi ku tirhisa xipinichi lexi vupfeke a ri lava leswaku xipinichi xi hlantswiwa, xi omisiwa ni ku handzuriwa xi va swiphemu-phemu xi nga si ambariwa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabricant|first=Florence|authorlink=Florence Fabricant|date=6 March 1983|title=Popeye's Favorite Food is Even Better Fresh|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/06/nyregion/food-popeye-s-favorite-vegetable-is-even-better-fresh.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Ku duma ka vanhu == Ku duma ka saladi ya xipinichi swi nga ha endleka ku ve kona hikuva xipinichi i xin’wana xa swimilana swo sungula swa rihlaza ra saladi leswi humelelaka hi ximun’wana eka [[Ku kufumela|maxelo yo kufumela]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Puck|first=Wolfgang|authorlink=Wolfgang Puck|date=27 January 2010|title=An opportunity to bring back warm spinach salad|url=https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/lifestyle/food/2010/01/27/an-opportunity-to-bring-back/21481931007/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Columbia Daily Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2019-05-08|title=Dining In: Spinach is here, as fresh as it gets|url=https://buckscountyherald.com/stories/dining-in-spinach-is-here-as-fresh-as-it-gets,1281|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[The Bucks County Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> Loko ku nga si tolovelekile ku rhumeriwa ka swibyariwa leswi nga efrijini swa mpfhuka wo leha, lava tshamaka eka maxelo laha rihlaza ra matluka a ri nga kumeki lembe hinkwaro a va langutele hi mahlo ngati ku humelela ka rihlaza ro sungula leri onhakaka ro tanihi xipinichi na asparagus. Xipinichi xi humelela emahlweni ka ti dandelion greens, leti a ti ri rihlaza ra saladi ra ndhavuko ra le Yuropa ra le ku sunguleni ka ximun’wana na rona hakanyingi a ri ambariwa hi bacon dressing yo hisa, ngopfu-ngopfu eJarimani. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-21|title=Spinach Salad with Hot Bacon Dressing|url=https://www.saveur.com/article/Recipes/Spinach-Salad-with-Hot-Bacon-Dressing/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Saveur]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2011-09-19|title=Best Wine to Pair With Spinach Salad|url=https://www.intowine.com/best-wine-pair-spinach-salad|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[IntoWine]]|language=en}}</ref> xiye leswaku ku humelela ka xipinichi xa n’wana eswitolo leswikulu, leswi herisaka xilaveko xo hlamba, ku susa swirhabyani ni ku tsemelela matluka lama vupfeke lama dyaka nkarhi, swi engetele ku tiyimisela ka yena ku khoma swakudya leswi tanihi ndlela yo dya swakudya swa nimadyambu swa vhiki. <ref name=":6" /> Saveur, Southern Living, The New York Times na TheKitchn va vule leswaku saladi ya xipinichi leyi ambariweke hi bacon yo hisa i ya xiyimo xa le henhla . <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Brownfield|first=Elizabeth|date=19 April 2023|title=Spinach Salad With Warm Bacon Dressing|url=https://www.southernliving.com/spinach-salad-with-warm-bacon-dressing-7377765|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Southern Living]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Crowder|first=Sarah E.|date=1 May 2019|title=Spinach Salad with Warm Brown Butter Dressing|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/recipe-spinach-salad-with-warm-brown-butter-dressing-210869|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Kitchn]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":6" /> == Ku hambana ka swilo == Spanakit i saladi ya xipinichi leyi humaka ePeresiya ; vito ra yona ri kombetela eka rito ra Xiperesiya ''leri nge aspanakh'', kumbe xipinichi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Nathan |first=Joan |author-link=Joan Nathan |date=2017-04-04 |title=King Solomon's Table: A Culinary Exploration of Jewish Cooking from Around the World: A Cookbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfGmDAAAQBAJ&q=king+solomon%27s+table |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-385-35115-7 |pages=339–342 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Joan|title=Racha's Spinach Salad with Walnuts and Cilantro (Spanakit)|url=https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2017/05/09/racha-s-spinach-salad-with-walnuts-and-cilantro-spanakit|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Splendid Table]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |date=2014-01-01 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001}}</ref> Kuya hi Joan Nathan i "recipe ya khale swinene". <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Xibya lexi xina xipinichi lexi gayeriweke na tinyawa leti gayeriweke. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Le Dongbei, eChayina, saladi ya xipinichi lexi blanched ni tinyawa yi tolovelekile naswona hi ntolovelo yi tirhisiwa tanihi swakudya swo nandziha. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sin|first=Lucas|date=27 July 2022|title=Chinese Spinach and Peanut Salad|url=https://www.seriouseats.com/chinese-spinach-and-peanut-salad-recipe-6265685|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Serious Eats]]|language=en}}</ref> Ispanakhi Matsvnit i saladi ya le Georgia ya [[Xipinachi|xipinichi]] lexi swekiweke ni lexi tsemiweke lexi pfanganisiweke ni yoghurt . [[File:Wilted_Spinach_Salad_(7562739944).jpg|thumb| Salad ya xipinichi leyi omeke]] Hi ku ya hi Alton Brown, saladi ya xipinichi leyi ambariweke hi bacon dressing yo kufumela kumbexana yi sungule exikarhi ka Madachi ya le Pennsylvania . <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":5" /> Kuhambana ka salad leyingana hot bacon dressing, leyi nakambe yivuriwa ''saladi ya xipinichi xa omeke'', yisungule ku duma hiva 1970s e United States naswona hakanyingi ayi katsa ti canned mandarin oranges, xitshopana cheese na matandza lawa ya virisiweke hiku tiya. <ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Arabian|first=Melissa|authorlink=Melissa d'Arabian|date=2 June 2015|title=Take the '70s out of wilted spinach salad|url=https://www.cjonline.com/story/entertainment/local/2015/06/02/take-70s-out-wilted-spinach-salad/16628902007/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[The Topeka Capital-Journal]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Salad ya spinach leyingana hot bacon dressing yitshame yirikarhi yitsakeriwa kuya fika hiva 1980s kambe ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 2000s ayi humile eka xitayili; kuya hi Wolfgang Puck a tsala hi 2010, "Ufanele ku rhumela nkhuvo wo lavisisa leswaku uta kuma wun'we eka ti restaurant ta kahle masiku lawa." Puck u ringanyete leswaku saladi leyi ayi kumeka hinkwako laha "vanhu ava hisa hi yona". <ref name=":2" /> == Matimu == Ti recipe ta saladi ya xipinichi eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-20 a ti hambanile swinene ni ta manguva lawa; ematshan’weni ya saladi leyintshwa swakudya leswi a ku ri saladi leyi vumbiweke leyi endliweke hi xipinichi lexi swekiweke. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mower |first=Robin M. |date=2013 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973496-2 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Andrew F. |edition=2nd |location=New York, NY |pages=350 |chapter=Spinach}}</ref> == Nakambe vona == * Sopo ya xipinichi * Nxaxamelo wa tisaladi == leswi tirhisiweke == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saladi ya xipinichi]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4h4zagi0y7q25l5oiq6i7b0p1lm1nxd 0 8381 43104 2026-09-30T19:33:40Z NKaTEKOCLAWs 12529 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363936970|Samp]]" 43104 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Xitampu''' i swakudya leswi endliweke kusuka eka mavele leti omisiweke letinga tshoveriwa naku tsemiwa kufikela ti tshoveka, kambe kungari kahle kufana na mealie-meal kumbe mpupu rice. Xifunengeto lexi rhendzeleke kernel xa olova naswona xi susiwa hinkarhi wa cheriwa na xitampu loko xi swekiwa. Yi dyiwa eDzongeni hinkwawo wa Afrika xikan’we na vanhu va Lozi na Tonga vale [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na chukele na masi yo tshwuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toi |first=Cheryl Sam |last2=Cleaton-Jones |first2=Peter |date=April 2006 |title=The effect of traditional African food mixtures on growth, pH and extracellular polysaccharide production by mutans streptococci in vitro |journal=Anaerobe |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.01.001 |issn=1075-9964 |pmid=16701622}}</ref> Yinga tlhela yi phameriwa na chakalaka na swiengeteri swohambana hambana. Yi swekiwa na tinyawa eka muxaka wa Xhosa wa umngqusho naswona minkarhi yin'wana yi dyiwa na chakalaka . Yi nga ha tlhela yi phameriwa na nyama ya homu, xinyimpfana, huku na le ka swilo swo chela. "Xtampu" ixa masungulo eMaamerika ya Xintu, xi huma eka rito ra Narragansett "nasàump." <ref>{{Cite book |last=Stavely |first=Keith |author-link=Keith Stavely |date=2006-03-08 |title=America's Founding Food: The Story of New England Cooking |last2=Fitzgerald |first2=Kathleen |author-link2=Kathleen Fitzgerald |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-7672-5 |pages=22 |language=en |chapter=Corn {{!}} ''Samp and Hominy'' |quote=[[Roger Williams]] [...] was an open-minded and acute observer of the native way of life, [...] In his account of the Narragansett group with which he was most familiar, written in the 1640s, Williams referred to a corn preparation called “'''Nasàump'''" [...“...] From this the English call their '''samp''', which is the '''Indian corn''', beaten and boiled, and eaten hot or cold with milk or butter, which are mercies beyond the natives’ plain water, and which is a dish exceedingly wholesome for the English bodies.” |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVLqCQAAQBAJ&q=nas%C3%A0ump.&pg=PA22}}</ref> Vanhu va le New England kusukela eka minkarhi yo sungula ya vukoloni avavula cornmeal mush kumbe cereal tani hi "xitampu." Kufana na homu, xitampu yi lulamisiwa kusuka eka tibuti (dehulled kernels) ta mavele, kambe leswimbirhi swihumelerisiwa hi maendlelo yohambana hambana. mavele lama tshovekeke na lama nga tshoveriwangiki na tona tinga swekiwa (ti virisiwa) kufikela ti olova. Swakudya leswi swivuriwa " [[:af:stampmielies|stampmielies]] " hi Xiafrikaans. xitampu yitala ku phameriwa na tinyawa, tani hi le ka "xitampu na tinyawa". == Nakambe vona == * mpupu lowu tirhisiwaka * Dikgobe * Food portal {{Reflist}}{{South African cuisine}} 8mmzf94yh9n47qbuespn9q8qnxa4r72 0 8382 43105 2026-09-30T19:33:45Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi == Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi i xipano xa bolo ya milenge lexi hlengeletaka vatlangi lava nga na vuswikoti na ku navela, ku hlanganisiwa hi ku tsakela loku fanaka eka bolo ya milenge. Xipano xi katsa moya wa ntirhisano wa ntlawa na vaaki. Bolo ya milenge a hi nchumu wo titsakisa ntsena eka vatlangi va swipano, kambe ematshan’wini ya sweswo i nkarhi wo hluvukisa vutshila bya munhu, ku endla vanghana lavants..." 43105 wikitext text/x-wiki == Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi == Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi i xipano xa bolo ya milenge lexi hlengeletaka vatlangi lava nga na vuswikoti na ku navela, ku hlanganisiwa hi ku tsakela loku fanaka eka bolo ya milenge. Xipano xi katsa moya wa ntirhisano wa ntlawa na vaaki. Bolo ya milenge a hi nchumu wo titsakisa ntsena eka vatlangi va swipano, kambe ematshan’wini ya sweswo i nkarhi wo hluvukisa vutshila bya munhu, ku endla vanghana lavantshwa, na ku tshama a ri eka xiyimo xa le henhla. Nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana wo titoloveta na ntlangu i nkarhi wa vatlangi ku antswisa vuswikoti bya vona na ku dyondza eka un’wana na un’wana. I swa nkoka ku xiya leswaku ku humelela ka xipano xa bolo ya milenge a ku titsheganga ntsena hi matirhelo ya vatlangi ha un’we. Ku humelela ka xipano lexi ku titshege hi ntirhisano na nhlanganiso exikarhi ka swirho swa xona.Vadyondzisi na vaseketeri na vona va tlanga xiave xa nkoka hi ku hlohlotela na ku seketela vatlangi. Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi xi nga tlhela xi tirha tanihi xihlohloteri eka vaaki. Loko xipano xi tlanga, varhandzi va bolo ya milenge va vaaki va nga hlengeletana endzhaku ka vona va kombisa vun’we bya vona. Ku engetela kwalaho, vatlangi lavatsongo emugangeni va nga languta ehenhla eka Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge ya Magezi no lwela ku fikelela milorho ya vona hi ku va xiphemu xa xipano. Loko xipano xi ya emahlweni xi kula no humelela, xi nga nyika swivandlanene eka vatlangi lavatsongo ku hluvukisa vuswikoti bya vona na ku nghenelela eka bolo ya milenge ya mphikizano. Hi nseketelo na xikhutazo xa vaaki, Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi xi nga aka ndhavuko wa bolo ya milenge lowu humelelaka. Xisweswo, Xipano xa Bolo ya Milenge xa ​​Magezi a hi xipano xa bolo ya milenge ntsena - i xikombiso xa vun’we, ku hiseka, na ku navela bolo ya milenge. References * https://magesi.co.za/ * [[:en:Magesi_F.C.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magesi_F.C.]] 18krblyqepang2uhheew8363ni0rym7 0 8383 43108 2026-09-30T19:46:34Z NKaTEKOCLAWs 12529 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377147205|Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol]]" 43108 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[File:Watermelon_logo.png|thumb| Xikombiso xa khalavatla, lexi talaka ku tirhisiwa tanihi emoji (🍉) .]] [[Khalavatla]] ( Levantine Arabic ) yi tirhisiwile tanihi xikombiso xa ku tiyisela na ku lwisana ka Palestina <ref>{{Cite web|last=السيد|first=وسام|title=البطيخ وغصن الزيتون وحنظلة.. رموز فلسطينية تواجه القمع|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/arts/2023/12/2/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%88%d8%ba%d8%b5%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2|accessdate=2025-08-25|website=الجزيرة نت|language=ar}}</ref> eka ku kombisa ku vilela na mintirho ya vutshila, yi yimela mhaka ya Palestina eka xiyimo xa mpfilumpfilu wa Israel na Palestina . <ref name="New York Times, Holtermann 2023">{{Cite web|last=Holtermann|first=Callie|date=27 December 2023|title=Why the Watermelon Emoji Is a Symbol of Support for Palestinians|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/27/style/watermelon-emoji-palestine.html|accessdate=5 January 2024|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2022 |title=Watermelon: A slice of Palestinian resistance |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/video/watermelon-slice-palestinian-resistance |work=[[Middle East Eye]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharon |first=Jeremy |date=21 June 2023 |title=Activists use watermelons to protest police crackdown on Palestinian flags |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/activists-use-watermelons-to-protest-police-crackdown-on-palestinian-flags/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> Yi sungule ku tirhisiwa tanihi leswi ku hlamula eka ku tshikileriwa ka Israyele ka ku kombisiwa ka mujeko wa Palestina endzhaku ka nyimpi ya 1967, tanihi leswi makwembe ma nga ni mihlovo leyi fanaka ni ya mujeko: yo tshwuka, ya rihlaza, yo basa ni ya ntima. == Masungulo == Mujeko wa Palestina wu na mihlovo ya Pan-Arab ya muhlovo wo tshwuka, wa rihlaza, wo basa na wa ntima. Hi 1980, IDF yi pfarile nkarhi wa 79, ndzhawu ya vutshila e Ramallah leyi simekiweke hi Issam Bader, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Visual Arts 88|url=http://passia.org/media/filer_public/a1/7b/a17b27c2-c129-4cb5-a2f3-a15f833bf1b5/jerusalem_of_art_part_2.pdf|publisher=PASSIA}}</ref> leyi kombisaka mintirho ya Sliman Mansour, Issam Bader, na Nabil Anani leyi ayi katsa mihlovo ya mujeko wa Palestina. Phorisa rin’wana ra le Israyele ri byele vatshila leswaku hambi ku ri ku penda khalavatla hi mihlovo ya mujeko swi ta tekiwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sliman Mansour Preserves Palestinian History Through Art|url=https://hyperallergic.com/sliman-mansour-preserves-palestinian-history-through-art/|website=Hyperallergic}}</ref> <ref name="pbs">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2024 |title=How watermelon imagery, a symbol of solidarity with Palestinians, spread around the world |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/how-watermelon-imagery-a-symbol-of-solidarity-with-palestinians-spread-around-the-world |work=[[PBS News Hour|PBS NewsHour]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Mansour, un’wana wa vakombisa, u tsundzuka mbulavurisano na phorisa ra Israel leri nga pfala gallery: phorisa leri ri yirise ku tirhisiwa ka mihlovo ya mujeko wa Palestina, naswona ri boxe makwembe tani hi xikombiso xa ku tirhisiwa ka mihlovo leyi yirisiweke. Mansour u tsundzukile leswaku swifaniso swa watermelon swisungule kutirhisiwa ntsena hi 2007, loko Khaled Hourani a tumbuluxa xifaniso xa phurojeke ya "Subjective Atlas of Palestine". Vatshila van’wana lava tirhiseke makwembe lawa va katsa Sarah Hatahet, Sami Boukhari, Aya Mobaydeen na Beesan Arafat. <ref name="Chaves">{{Cite web|last=Chaves|first=Alexandra|date=30 May 2021|title=How the watermelon became a symbol of Palestinian resistance|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts/how-the-watermelon-became-a-symbol-of-palestinian-resistance-1.1230806|accessdate=19 November 2023|website=The National|language=en}}</ref> Kuna swiviko swa swiendlakalo swa mavuthu ya Israel lawa ya yiriseke ku kombisiwa ka mujeko, leswinga endla leswaku vatshila va tirhisa makwembe ematshan’wini ya wona. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sella |first=Adam |date=31 August 2023 |title=The fruits and vegetables of Palestine and their significance |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/31/the-fruits-of-palestine-and-their-symbolism |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Chaves" /> Ehansi ka nawu wa Israyele, ku haha mujeko wa Palestina a hi vugevenga. Hi nawu mujeko a wu pfumeleriwi ku kombisiwa loko wu "tirhisiwile ku seketela vutherorisi kumbe ku kavanyeta ku hleleka ka vaaki". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Miriam |date=12 July 2021 |title=Why Palestinians are uniting around watermelon emoji |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/09/palestinian-watermelons/ |work=[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]}}</ref> Ku sukela hi 2014 maphorisa ya le Israel ma nyikiwile matimba yo tekela mujeko loko wu tirhisiwa hi ndlela leyi tlulaka nawu. <ref name="kellman">{{Cite news |last=Kellman |first=Laurie |date=9 January 2023 |title=Palestinian prime minister says Israel aims to topple the PA |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-israel-palestinian-territories-government-benjamin-netanyahu-bf1fb76c1fff51ad88ce061d2d238e97 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129100950/https://apnews.com/article/politics-israel-palestinian-territories-government-benjamin-netanyahu-bf1fb76c1fff51ad88ce061d2d238e97 |archive-date=29 January 2024 |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=The Associated Press}}</ref> Ku sukela hi 2022 maphorisa ya le Israel ya tshamela ku tekela mijeko. <ref name="AJ11">{{Cite web|title=The Palestinian flag: A target for 'erasure' by Israeli forces|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/13/why-is-israel-afraid-of-the-palestinian-flag|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306050358/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/13/why-is-israel-afraid-of-the-palestinian-flag|archive-date=6 March 2023|accessdate=31 May 2022}}</ref> Hi Ndzhati 2023, Holobye wa Vuhlayiseki bya Rixaka Itamar Ben-Gvir u tivise leswaku u lerisile maphorisa ku yirisa ku kombisiwa ka mujeko etindhawini ta mani na mani. <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 January 2023 |title=Israel security minister bans Palestinian flag-flying in public |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/09/israel-security-minister-bans-palestinian-flag-flying-in-public |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117092226/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/09/israel-security-minister-bans-palestinian-flag-flying-in-public |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=9 January 2023 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> <ref name="kellman" /> Ku siveriwa ka Israel eka mujeko wa Palestina swi soriwa hi Amnesty International tani hi ku ringeta ku endla leswaku xihlawuhlawu xi va enawini, yi engetela leswaku mujeko wa Palestina wu tirhisiwile eka makume ya malembe lama hundzeke tani hi "xikombiso xa vun'we na ku lwisana na ku tekiwa ka Israel loku nga riki enawini ". <ref name="AI11">{{Cite web|date=11 January 2023|title=Israel/OPT: new restrictions on Palestinian flags an attempt to 'legitimise racism'|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israelopt-new-restrictions-palestinian-flags-attempt-legitimise-racism|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422113244/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israelopt-new-restrictions-palestinian-flags-attempt-legitimise-racism|archive-date=22 April 2024|accessdate=23 April 2024|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> [[File:Palestine_Watermelon_Flag.svg|thumb| Mujeko wa Palestina lowu nga ni xiphemu xa makwembe lexi sivaka triangle yo tshwuka]] Hi 1993, tanihi xiphemu xa Mintwanano ya le Oslo, mujeko lowu wu amukeriwe hi Israyele tanihi wa Vulawuri bya Palestina. Hi nkarhi wolowo, hi minkarhi yale new york yi vule leswaku "majaha ya tshame ya khomiwa hikwalaho ko rhwala makwembe lama tsemiweke", <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kifner |first=John |date=16 October 1993 |title=Ramallah Journal; A Palestinian Version of the Judgment of Solomon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/16/world/ramallah-journal-a-palestinian-version-of-the-judgment-of-solomon.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |quote=In the Gaza Strip, where young men were once arrested for carrying sliced watermelons—thus displaying the red, black and green Palestinian colors—soldiers stand by, blasé, as processions march by waving the once-banned flag}}</ref> kambe mutshila wa le Palestina Sliman Mansour u veke ku kanakana eka ntiyiso wa swihehlo leswi. Xiphephana xa muhleri xa le ndzhaku eka xitsalwana lexi xi ri "Hi ku languta ku nga twisiseki ka xiyimo lexi, ''The Times'' a yi fanele yi tshikile xitori lexi kutani yi swi veka erivaleni leswaku xiviko lexi a xi tiyisisiwanga." <ref name=":0" /> == Ku pfuka nakambe == Hi 2023, Ndzawulo ya Vuhlayiseki bya Tiko ya le Israyele yi yirise mujeko wa Palestina etindhawini ta mani na mani. Hi ku hlamula, vanhu vo tala va Israel va kombisile switichi swa makwembe leswi nga na "Leswi a hi mujeko wa Palestina." <ref name="pbs" /> Ku sukela loko nyimpi ya le Gaza yi sungurile hi 2023, mfungho wa makwembe wu tlhele wu duma. Vanhu va tshame va yi tirhisa, hakanyingi va tirhisa ti- emojis ta khalavatla (khalavatla)eka tipulatifomo to hambana ta swihangalasamahungu swa le ka social media ku kombisa nseketelo wa Palestina.[1] Ngopfungopfu, xikombiso lexi xi nga tirhisiwa ku papalata ku hlongoriwa na ku yirisiwa ka ndzhuti eka tipulatifomo tin'wana (mukhuva lowu vuriwaka "algospeak"), ku papalata swikombiso leswi nga erivaleni swinene swo fana na mimfungho ya Palestina.[2] Hi xikombiso, loko MP wa le Netherlands Esther Ouwehand (Party for the Animals) a byeriwe ku cinca hembe yakwe ya mujeko wa Palestina hi nkarhi wa njhekanjhekisano, u vuyile a ambale shir leyi kandziyisiweke leyi nga ni nhloko-mhaka ya makwembe Switirhisiwa swo leteriwa swa Ndzawulo ya Maphorisa ya le Dorobeni ra New York swi hambanise khalavatla, swin’we ni kuffiyeh, tanihi swikombiso leswi lwisanaka ni Vayuda. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Training for NYPD Officers Categorized the Keffiyeh and Watermelon as…|url=https://jewishcurrents.org/training-nypd-keffiyeh-watermelon-antisemitism-israel-palestine|accessdate=2026-02-25|website=Jewish Currents|language=en}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="175px"> File:دوار_البطيخة_جنين.jpg|alt=Watermelon sculpture at a roundabout in Jenin, Palestine (January 2021)| Xifaniso xa makhalavatla lexi vatliweke endhawini leyi rhendzelekaka eJenin, ePalestina (January 2021) File:Solidarity_gathering_for_Palestine_in_Brussels_2023-10-28_(12).jpg|alt=Solidarity gathering for Palestine in Brussels (2023)| Nhlengeletano ya vun’we ya Palestina eBrussels (2023) . File:Manifestación_contra_o_xenocidio_palestino_(53404376436).jpg|alt=Pro-Palestine protest in Santiago de Compostela, Spain (17 December 2023)| Ku kombisa ku vilela loku seketelaka Palestina eSantiago de Compostela, Spain (17 Nwendzamhala 2023) File:Palestina_Libre.jpg|alt=A mural painted on a wall in a street in Barcelona| Xifaniso lexi pendiweke erirhangwini exitarateni xa le Barcelona </gallery> == Nakambe vona == * Nxaxamelo wa swikombiso swa tiko ra Palestina * Watermelon stereotype – Xikombiso xa ku tiyimela eka vanhu va ma-Afrika-Dzonga lava khale a va ri mahlonga (sweswi ngopfu-ngopfu i xifaniso xa xihlawuhlawu) * Kherson watermelon – Xikombiso xa Xifundzha xa Kherson, eUkraine * Freedom pineapples – Nhlamulo ya tipolitiki eka ku yirisiwa ka ku nghenisiwa ka swilo swa le China * Husum Red Pied – Muxaka wa tinguluve ta le kaya == leswi tirhisiweke == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 20r266e5f181k580nxg8i2rshcy6scs 0 8384 43109 2026-09-30T19:48:25Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:Australia green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) crop.jpg|thumb|Chela]] '''Chela''' == Chela i xiharhi lexintsongo, xa ngati yo titimela lexi hanyaka emisaveni na le matini tani hi xiphemu. Ku ni tinxaka to tlula 5 000 machela leti tiviwaka naswona vativi va sayense va hambeta va tshubula tinxaka letintshwa. Tinxaka machela tiva na vukulu na mihlovo yohambana hambana. Tinga kumeka eka tindzhawu to hambana hambana eka tikonkulu rin’wana na rin’wana handle ka Antar..." 43109 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Australia green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) crop.jpg|thumb|Chela]] '''Chela''' == Chela i xiharhi lexintsongo, xa ngati yo titimela lexi hanyaka emisaveni na le matini tani hi xiphemu. Ku ni tinxaka to tlula 5 000 machela leti tiviwaka naswona vativi va sayense va hambeta va tshubula tinxaka letintshwa. Tinxaka machela tiva na vukulu na mihlovo yohambana hambana. Tinga kumeka eka tindzhawu to hambana hambana eka tikonkulu rin’wana na rin’wana handle ka Antarctica. Machela yofan na amphibians, letinga ti vertebrates ta ngati yo titimela, leswivulaka leswaku tina marhambu ya nkolo, lawa yangariki na swikalo. Swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini ni le misaveni swi hanya emisaveni ni le matini. Swiharhi swin’wana leswi hanyaka ematini ni le misaveni swi katsa salamander, newt ni caecilian == <references /> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/frog-fact-sheet/<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schmidt|first=Amanda|date=2021-05-07|title=Frog Fact Sheet {{!}} Blog {{!}} Nature {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/frog-fact-sheet/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Nature|language=en-US}}</ref> cfj0z5ukcyev96lujcvvsdqr81f3nfi 0 8385 43111 2026-09-30T19:57:52Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== '''Majojo: Rising Star kusuka eka Mdavula Village''' == Majojo i muyimbeleri wa Mutsonga lontsongo no tshembisa wo huma emugangeni wa Mdavula loyi a tlakukeke eka ndhuma hi vuyimbeleri. Leswi ari xiphemu xa vaaki va ndzhawu liya, mutshila u tihlanganisa na muganga hiku tirhisa ntirho wa yena naswona u ya emahlweni a tlakusa ndhavuko wa wona hiku wu avelana na vayingiseri votala. Vanhu va Vatsonga, ku fana na rixaka rin’wana na rin’wana, va na ndzhaka yo hlawul..." 43111 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Majojo: Rising Star kusuka eka Mdavula Village''' == Majojo i muyimbeleri wa Mutsonga lontsongo no tshembisa wo huma emugangeni wa Mdavula loyi a tlakukeke eka ndhuma hi vuyimbeleri. Leswi ari xiphemu xa vaaki va ndzhawu liya, mutshila u tihlanganisa na muganga hiku tirhisa ntirho wa yena naswona u ya emahlweni a tlakusa ndhavuko wa wona hiku wu avelana na vayingiseri votala. Vanhu va Vatsonga, ku fana na rixaka rin’wana na rin’wana, va na ndzhaka yo hlawuleka ya ndhavuko leyi dzimeke timitsu swinene eka matimu naswona yi rhwariwe hi tinxaka. Vuyimbeleri byi tlanga xiave xa nkoka eka ndhavuko tani hi leswi byi nga xiphemu lexikulu xa ntlangu wun’wana na wun’wana, hambi ku ri nkhuvo wa mani na mani kumbe xiendlakalo xo hlawuleka. Talenta ya Majojo ayi fambisani ntsena na mikhuva ya ndzhavuko wa vaaki kambe yitlhela yi tivisa vuyimbeleri bya yena eka vayingiseri votala, kukatsa na vantshwa lava tlangelaka vayimbeleri va manguva lawa na tinsimu ta vona. Leswi a nga muaki wa ndhawu leyi, muyimbeleri loyi u tlhela a tirha tanihi xikombiso xo xi landzela eka vaaki va muganga wa Mdavula. Hambi leswi ku pfumalekaka switirhisiwa na nhluvukiso eka tindzhawu letintsongo ta vutshamo, kuna vanhu lava humelelaka lava sungulaka ndlela ya vona ekaya kutani va yisa emahlweni riendzo ra vona emisaveni leyikulu. Ku tirha hi matimba, ku tiyimisela ni ku navela leswi va swi endlaka swi va pfumelela ku fikelela vuyelo lebyi hlamarisaka ni ku kuma ndhuma exikarhi ka vanhu lava humaka emugangeni wa ka vona swin’we ni lava tshamaka ehandle. Xin’wana xa swilo leswikulu eka tinsimu ta Majojo hileswaku u yimbelela ngopfu hi Xitsonga. Hi ku endla tano, mutshila u seketela ku hlawuleka ka ririmi ra rixaka ra yena naswona u pfuneta ku ri hlayisa hi vuyimbeleri. Lexi nga xa nkoka, u vonaka a tinyiketerile ku tlakusa vaaki va ndhawu ya ka vona xikan’we na ndhavuko wa vona wa vanhu hi mpimo lowukulu. Eku heteleleni, hi ku landzelela ndlela ya ntirho na ku humelela eka ntirho lowu, Majojo u hlohlotela vantshwa van’wana vo huma emugangeni wa Mdavula ku hluvukisa titalenta ta vona ta vuyimbeleri na ku tikumela ndlela ya vona. Tanihi munhu wa ndhawu leyi dumeke, u kota ku nyika nhlohlotelo eka lava va tiyimiseleke ku tlakusa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga na ririmi ro hlawuleka hi ku tirhisa vuyimbeleri. A nga va pfuni ntsena ku hetisisa milorho ya vona, kambe u tlhela a endla leswaku vaaki hinkwavo va tinyungubyisa. Hi ku angarhela, riendzo ra Majojo i nhlohlotelo eka un’wana na un’wana loyi a tiyimiseleke ku yimela rixaka ra vona, ku avelana ndzhaka ya vona ya ndhavuko, na ku seketela ririmi ra vona hi tindlela hinkwato leti kotekaka. '''References''' [[majojo.https.com]] https://www.sollymakamu.co.za/ spltcm8hby08wwhuks8zd7iuhdm2tho 0 8386 43113 2026-09-30T20:03:50Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:1950's television.jpg|thumb|Mavonakule]] mavonakule Mavonakule yi tshama yi ri xihlovo lexikulu xa swilo leswi twalaka na leswi voniwaka emisaveni hinkwayo, laha ku amukeriwa ka le makaya ka ha kulaka emisaveni hinkwayo. Hi ku lemuka nkoka wa yona, Nhlengeletano ya Mani na Mani ya Nhlangano wa Matiko yi tivise ti 21 Nyenyankulu tanihi Siku ra Misava Hinkwayo ra Thelevhixini ku kombisa xiave xa thelevhixini eka vuhlanganisi bya misava hinkwayo na ku cincana ka min..." 43113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1950's television.jpg|thumb|Mavonakule]] mavonakule Mavonakule yi tshama yi ri xihlovo lexikulu xa swilo leswi twalaka na leswi voniwaka emisaveni hinkwayo, laha ku amukeriwa ka le makaya ka ha kulaka emisaveni hinkwayo. Hi ku lemuka nkoka wa yona, Nhlengeletano ya Mani na Mani ya Nhlangano wa Matiko yi tivise ti 21 Nyenyankulu tanihi Siku ra Misava Hinkwayo ra Thelevhixini ku kombisa xiave xa thelevhixini eka vuhlanganisi bya misava hinkwayo na ku cincana ka mindhavuko.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Angela|date=2024-11-21|title=Television - a powerful communication tool with evolving technologies|url=https://www.itu.int/hub/2024/11/television-a-powerful-communication-tool-with-evolving-technologies/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=ITU|language=en-US}}</ref> Hi ku cinca ka vukulu bya swikirini, ku antswisiwa loku yaka emahlweni eka khwalithi ya vhidiyo na mpfumawulo, na ku tlakuka ka switirhisiwa leswi khomiwaka hi voko, TV yi tshama yi ri xitirhisiwa xa matimba xa vuhlanganisi, yi hlanganisa ku hlalela ka ndhavuko ka swilo leswi nga yimangiki na leswi rhwalekaka ku lemukisa hi timhaka ta nkoka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Angela|date=2024-11-21|title=Television - a powerful communication tool with evolving technologies|url=https://www.itu.int/hub/2024/11/television-a-powerful-communication-tool-with-evolving-technologies/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=ITU|language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke 4s5k6yvw5ypbun09w30qtf4rhjxh44c 2 8387 43114 2026-09-30T20:04:59Z Blaq centia 12476 xipano xa orlando pirates 43114 wikitext text/x-wiki == XIPANO XA ORLANDO PIRATES == I xipano xo sungula ku sukela loko ku sunguriwile tlawa wa xiyimo xale henhla xa bolo ya milenge e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afirika-Dzonga]] ku hlula swidlodlo swinharhu leswikulu eka nguva yin'we<ref name=":1">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqEMOjXYwzU [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqEMOjXYwzU]</ref>.Xipano xa [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando]] Pirates xi simekiwile e Soweto hi lembe ra 1937 laha akuri (Orlando Boys Club).<ref name=":1" />Mavito yan'wana ya xipano lexi i, Amabhakabhaka,The sea robbers,Bucs,Happy people,Buccaneers.<ref name=":1" />Orlando Pirates yi hlurile "CAF Champions League" hi lembe ra 1995.<ref name=":1" />Vatlangi va xipano lexi lava nga duma kumbe lava rhandziweke hi vanhu i [[Patrick Maswanganyi]] loyi ativekaku hi vito ra dhuma kunga "Tito" na Relebohile Mofokeng rayena ro duduzela kunga "rae thoma rae fetsa".<ref name=":1" /> swikombo [[Category:Swipano swa bolo ya milenge swa Afrika-Dzonga]] 0k2vtrv03zw9ab72l3d7zq53wrgjkwi 0 8388 43117 2026-09-30T20:14:05Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Brian na Nghala == '''Brian u tshame a va jaha leri nga duma endzhaku ko dlaya nghala ekhwatini. Mpfilumpfilu lowu wu humelerile siku rin’wana loko a ri karhi a rhendzeleka-rhendzeleka endhawini leyi a ku tshama swiharhi swa nhova.''' '''Ku vikiwa leswaku Brian u hlangane na nghala leyi hi mahlo hi mahlo naswona endzhakunyana u swi kotile ku yi dlaya hambileswi a yi ri ni khombo.''' '''Ku dlayiwa ka nghala ku endle leswaku vanhu va va ni mavonelo yo hambana-ha..." 43117 wikitext text/x-wiki == Brian na Nghala == '''Brian u tshame a va jaha leri nga duma endzhaku ko dlaya nghala ekhwatini. Mpfilumpfilu lowu wu humelerile siku rin’wana loko a ri karhi a rhendzeleka-rhendzeleka endhawini leyi a ku tshama swiharhi swa nhova.''' '''Ku vikiwa leswaku Brian u hlangane na nghala leyi hi mahlo hi mahlo naswona endzhakunyana u swi kotile ku yi dlaya hambileswi a yi ri ni khombo.''' '''Ku dlayiwa ka nghala ku endle leswaku vanhu va va ni mavonelo yo hambana-hambana. Hambileswi van’wana a va tlangela Brian hi ku dlaya xivandzana va ehleketa leswaku i vuswikoti bya yena bya munhu hi xiyexe lebyi n’wi ngheniseke ekhombyeni, van’wana va vule leswaku a swi nga fanelanga ku dlaya xiharhi xo tano xa nhova.''' '''Tinghala ti pfuna swinene eka vanhu hikuva ti dlaya swiharhi swin’wana leswi nga tekiwaka swi ri leswi nga ni khombo loko swi tshikiwa swi ri swoxe.''' '''Mpfilumpfilu lowu veke kona endzhaku ka loko Brian a dlaye nghala wu kombisa dyondzo ya ku papalata swiharhi hi ndlela yihi na yihi ni ku lava mpfuno wa xiphurofexinali loko u hlangana na swona. Mhaka leyi yi tlhela yi kombisa ndlela leyi swiharhi swa nhova swi nga ni khombo ha yona eka vanhu ni xilaveko xo tiyiseka leswaku swi hlayisiwa.''' mwjdtcyes4qd97nbswmqgvah0kfwjto 0 8389 43118 2026-09-30T20:15:25Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|Kudzaha]] Kudzaha Ku dzaha fole nkarhi wo leha ku ringana malembe yo hlayanyana swi tiviwe swi vanga mavabyi lamakulu eka vanhu ku sukela eku sunguleni. Hambi ku ri endzhaku ko tiva leswaku ku godzomberiwa loku loku nga ni khombo i ntwanano lowu xungetaka vutomi, hambi swi ri tano, hi ndlela yo hlamarisa, ku hangalaka ka ku dzaha fole hi xitalo a ku hungutiwi hi mpimo lowu navetisiwaka. Lava va dzahaka va sungula ku va ni go..." 43118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|Kudzaha]] Kudzaha Ku dzaha fole nkarhi wo leha ku ringana malembe yo hlayanyana swi tiviwe swi vanga mavabyi lamakulu eka vanhu ku sukela eku sunguleni. Hambi ku ri endzhaku ko tiva leswaku ku godzomberiwa loku loku nga ni khombo i ntwanano lowu xungetaka vutomi, hambi swi ri tano, hi ndlela yo hlamarisa, ku hangalaka ka ku dzaha fole hi xitalo a ku hungutiwi hi mpimo lowu navetisiwaka. Lava va dzahaka va sungula ku va ni gome hikwalaho ka mukhuva wa vona wo dzaha fole. Hambi swi ri tano, hi hala tlhelo, hikwalaho ka ku dzaha fole loku nga endliki nchumu, vutomi byo tala lebyi nga riki na nandzu na byona byi khumbeka hi ndlela yo biha handle ka xihoxo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enable JavaScript to use search|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=v229ar6uMOHHp84Py5GXuAs|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}</ref> <references /> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke pybsfvec9eg0q119s0c8mcgb6v5tdim 43120 43118 2026-09-30T20:16:20Z Hlukani25 12469 43120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|Kudzaha]] Kudzaha Ku dzaha fole nkarhi wo leha ku ringana malembe yo hlayanyana swi tiviwe swi vanga mavabyi lamakulu eka vanhu ku sukela eku sunguleni. Hambi ku ri endzhaku ko tiva leswaku ku godzomberiwa loku loku nga ni khombo i ntwanano lowu xungetaka vutomi, hambi swi ri tano, hi ndlela yo hlamarisa, ku hangalaka ka ku dzaha fole hi xitalo a ku hungutiwi hi mpimo lowu navetisiwaka. Lava va dzahaka va sungula ku va ni gome hikwalaho ka mukhuva wa vona wo dzaha fole. Hambi swi ri tano, hi hala tlhelo, hikwalaho ka ku dzaha fole loku nga endliki nchumu, vutomi byo tala lebyi nga riki na nandzu na byona byi khumbeka hi ndlela yo biha handle ka xihoxo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enable JavaScript to use search|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=v229ar6uMOHHp84Py5GXuAs|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> lse5v7vey0yfn8j14h6l4n2t97v3pgb 0 8390 43121 2026-09-30T20:18:17Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Added citation 43121 wikitext text/x-wiki Xibalesa Xibalesa i xitirhisiwa lexi tirhisiwaka ku hlasela, lexi tirhisaka mbumburiso kumbe swin'wana ku hoxa swirhumbana hi rivilo lerikulu. swibamu swi tirhisiwa ngopfu hi masocha, maphorisa ni laha swi pfumeleriweke hi nawu, ku hlota noku tlanga mintlangu yo duvula.<ref>{{Cite book |last=DK |date=2014 |title=Firearms: An Illustrated History |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=9781465416056 |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> [[File:Gun Emblem 2 lol.svg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xibamu]] Swibamu swi sungule ku endliwa eka madzana yo tala ya malembe lama ya hundzeke. Swibamu swo sungula swi humelerile eChina lembe xidzana ra vu-13, endzhaku ka ku tirhisiwa na ku tumbuluxiwa ka phamu. Swibamu swa khale a swi ri switirhisiwa swo dzana ya olova leswi endliwekehi swilo swo fana ni nsimbi kumbe bambu. Eka malembe ya xidzana ya vu-14 na vu-15, swibamu swi hangaleke ka eYuropo ni le ka tindhawu to fana na Asia. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, swibamu swi antswile naswona swi ve leswi oloveke ku swi tirhisa. K u tirhisiwa ka matchlock, flintlock ni hi ku famba ka nkarhi percussion cap swi answise ndlela leyi swibamu a swi duvula ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chivers |first=C.J |date=2010 |title=The Gun |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780743271735 |location=New York, USA}}</ref> Eka lembe xidzana ra vu-19, ku endliwa ka swibamu hi muchini swi endlile leswaku ku va ni lu cimca lokukulu, ku fana na revolver, rifle ni swibamu leswi kotaka ku duvula ko tala. Eka lembe ra xidzana ra vu-20 swibamu swiye swi antswa naswona swi tirhisiwile ngopfu eka tinyimpi. Namuntlha, ku ni mixaka yo hambana ya swibamu naswona ku tirhisiwa ka swona swi lawuriwa hi milawu leyi hambanaka ematikweni yo hambana.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ezell |first=Edward Clinton |date=1983 |title=Small Arms of the world |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=9780811704973}}</ref> <references /> 3ftk2v88t0jfvlyqujd85yle85t1ejg 0 8391 43123 2026-09-30T20:30:42Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:Rape guide.svg|thumb|ku pfinyiwa]] Ku pfinyiwa Hambileswi nhlayo ya vukati edzongeni wa Afrika yi hungutekeke eka makume ya malembe lama hundzeke, vukati bya ha tekiwa tanihi xitirho lexinene xa ntshamisano xo endla vuxaka bya ximfumo ni ku aka mindyangu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-s..." 43123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rape guide.svg|thumb|ku pfinyiwa]] Ku pfinyiwa Hambileswi nhlayo ya vukati edzongeni wa Afrika yi hungutekeke eka makume ya malembe lama hundzeke, vukati bya ha tekiwa tanihi xitirho lexinene xa ntshamisano xo endla vuxaka bya ximfumo ni ku aka mindyangu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-being-failed-260856|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AAJ.mdk5uck47}}</ref> Kambe i ndhawu leyi vatekani va nga hlanganaka na tinxaka to hambana ta ku xanisiwa. Leswi swi katsa ku xanisiwa hi swa masangu hi vanghana va vona.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-being-failed-260856|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AAJ.mdk5uck47}}</ref> Ku pfinyiwa ka vukati i rito leri talaka ku tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka madzolonga ya swa masangu hi munghana wa vukati kumbe vukati bya khale. It’s a significant problem globally naswona ngopfu ngopfu yi endliwa hi vavanuna eka vasati.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-being-failed-260856|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AAJ.mdk5uck47}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> fwc16b19qjml9vum3j7tgmp0jsmnr7h 0 8392 43125 2026-09-30T20:42:16Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:Bread slices.jpg|thumb|iyini xinkwa]] Iyini xinkwa Xinkwa i xin’wana xa swakudya swa vanhu leswi nga heriki. Yi chipa, yi tata, naswona yi rhwalekaka, yi vile ya nkoka eka vutomi bya siku na siku na ndhavuko eka nhluvuko hinkwawo. Ku duma ka yona ku ya emahlweni ninamuntlha; anakanya ntsena hi xitolo lexikulu, laha xinkwa xi nga tekaka kwalomu ka ndlela hinkwayo. Ku hambana ka nkoka eka rihanyo i loko xinkwa xiri xo basa kumbe xa koroni leyi heleleke.<ref>{{Cit..." 43125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bread slices.jpg|thumb|iyini xinkwa]] Iyini xinkwa Xinkwa i xin’wana xa swakudya swa vanhu leswi nga heriki. Yi chipa, yi tata, naswona yi rhwalekaka, yi vile ya nkoka eka vutomi bya siku na siku na ndhavuko eka nhluvuko hinkwawo. Ku duma ka yona ku ya emahlweni ninamuntlha; anakanya ntsena hi xitolo lexikulu, laha xinkwa xi nga tekaka kwalomu ka ndlela hinkwayo. Ku hambana ka nkoka eka rihanyo i loko xinkwa xiri xo basa kumbe xa koroni leyi heleleke.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuchs |first=Matt |date=2026-06-15 |title=The Truth About Bread and Your Health |url=https://time.com/article/2026/06/15/is-bread-actually-healthy/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> 8ouoi2c23wbn4fl4kxr80bzwvcii5mh 43126 43125 2026-09-30T20:44:01Z Hlukani25 12469 43126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bread slices.jpg|thumb|iyini xinkwa]] Iyini xinkwa Xinkwa i xin’wana xa swakudya swa vanhu leswi nga heriki. Yi chipa, yi tata, naswona yi rhwalekaka, yi vile ya nkoka eka vutomi bya siku na siku na ndhavuko eka nhluvuko hinkwawo. Ku duma ka yona ku ya emahlweni ninamuntlha; anakanya ntsena hi xitolo lexikulu, laha xinkwa xi nga tekaka kwalomu ka ndlela hinkwayo. Ku hambana ka nkoka eka rihanyo i loko xinkwa xiri xo basa kumbe xa koroni leyi heleleke.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuchs |first=Matt |date=2026-06-15 |title=The Truth About Bread and Your Health |url=https://time.com/article/2026/06/15/is-bread-actually-healthy/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> 9ob19qz6n3gbc8llv5bf7wmckckh4jj 0 8393 43127 2026-09-30T20:44:19Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Nkoka wa Maendlelo ya Ririmi == Ririmi i nchumu wa nkoka eka vutomi bya hina bya siku na siku. Hi tirhisana hi ririmi, hi humesa mintlhaveko ya hina, miehleketo na ku dyondza swilo leswintshwa. Hikwalaho, ku titoloveta ririmi nkarhi na nkarhi i swa nkoka swinene eka ku vulavurisana loku humelelaka. Ku titoloveta ririmi swi katsa ku hlaya tibuku, ku tsala switlhokovetselo, ku vulavula na ku yingisela van’wana. Mintirho leyi ya ririmi yi nga pfuna vadyondzi ku ant..." 43127 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nkoka wa Maendlelo ya Ririmi == Ririmi i nchumu wa nkoka eka vutomi bya hina bya siku na siku. Hi tirhisana hi ririmi, hi humesa mintlhaveko ya hina, miehleketo na ku dyondza swilo leswintshwa. Hikwalaho, ku titoloveta ririmi nkarhi na nkarhi i swa nkoka swinene eka ku vulavurisana loku humelelaka. Ku titoloveta ririmi swi katsa ku hlaya tibuku, ku tsala switlhokovetselo, ku vulavula na ku yingisela van’wana. Mintirho leyi ya ririmi yi nga pfuna vadyondzi ku antswisa ntivomarito, ririmi, ku vulavula na ku tlakusa ku titshemba. Loko u ya u titoloveta, u va ni vutshila byo tirhisa ririmi Ku vulavula i xivumbeko lexinene xa ku titoloveta ririmi tanihileswi swi hi endlaka hi kota ku vulavurisana hi ndlela leyinene na vanhu van’wana.Hi nga tlhela hi endla leswi hi ku hlaya hi rito leri tlakukeke kumbe hi vulavula na hina vini. A hi fanelanga ku chava ku endla swihoxo hikuva swihoxo i xiphemu xa endlelo ro dyondza. Ku hlaya i ndlela yin’wana leyinene yo titoloveta ririmi. Ntirho lowu wu paluxa vadyondzi eka marito lamantshwa no va pfuna ku twisisa ndlela leyi swivulwa swi vumbiweke ha yona. I swa nkoka ku tsala hinkwaswo leswi hi swi dyondzaka ku pfuneta ku hlayisa rungula leri ebyongweni bya hina. Ku titoloveta ririmi i swa nkoka eka ku vulavurisana loku humelelaka. Eka tiko ra mindhavuko yo hambana ku fana na Afrika-Dzonga, laha vanhu vo tala va vulavulaka tindzimi timbirhi, ku titoloveta ririmi i swa nkoka. Ku tiva tindzimi to tlula yin’we swi ta ku pfuna ku hlanganisa na ku twisisa mindhavuko yin’wana.Hi ku gimeta, ku titoloveta ririmi i swa nkoka loko hi lava ku tiva ririmi. Hi switsundzuxo leswi swo olova swo titoloveta ririmi, hi nga va vatirhisi va ririmi lava nga ni vutshila. '''References''' https://www.ufs.ac.za/humanities/departments-and-divisions/linguistics-and-language-practice-home/academic-information/what-is-linguistics https://linguistics.ucla.edu/undergraduate/what-is-linguistics/ https://www.britannica.com/science/linguistics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics s2o3imut2lqrjkc8ag15m6d09lgda85 0 8394 43131 2026-09-30T21:03:29Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:Sweet potato and wild relatives.png|thumb|Nhlata]] Nhlata Nhlata yi tekiwa tani hi swakudya leswi tsakisaka swinene leswi nga na swakudya hikuva swi fuwile hi ti carbohydrates to rharhangana, kambe tani hi tubercle, yina nhlayo yale henhla ya ti secondary metabolites leti hlohletelaka rihanyo. Xikongomelo xa nkambisiso lowu iku katsakanya mahungu lawa yanga kandziyisiwa sweswinyana eka muroho lowu wa timintsu, ku kongomisa eka swiaki swa wona swa bioactive phytoc..." 43131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sweet potato and wild relatives.png|thumb|Nhlata]] Nhlata Nhlata yi tekiwa tani hi swakudya leswi tsakisaka swinene leswi nga na swakudya hikuva swi fuwile hi ti carbohydrates to rharhangana, kambe tani hi tubercle, yina nhlayo yale henhla ya ti secondary metabolites leti hlohletelaka rihanyo. Xikongomelo xa nkambisiso lowu iku katsakanya mahungu lawa yanga kandziyisiwa sweswinyana eka muroho lowu wa timintsu, ku kongomisa eka swiaki swa wona swa bioactive phytochemical, mbuyelo lowu nga vaka kona eka rihanyo, na mbuyelo wa thekinoloji yo lulama nhlata yi tekiwa tani hi xihlovo xa kahle swinene xa ti dietary carotenoids, na ti polysaccharides, leti mbuyelo wa tona wa rihanyo wukatsa antioxidant, anti-inflammatory na hepatoprotective activity, nsirhelelo wa mbilu na misiha, swivumbeko swa anticancer xikan’we naku antswisiwa ka neurological na memory capacity, metabolic disorders, na intestinal barrier function. Ku tlula kwalaho, sweet potato ya purple, hikokwalaho ka nhlayo yale henhla ya anthocyanin, yiyimela nhlawulo wo hlawuleka wa swakudya eka vaxavi, xikan’we na xihlovo lexinga vaka kona xa switirhisiwa leswi tirhaka eka switirhisiwa swa swakudya leswinga na rihanyo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9495970/|title=|url=|url-status=live}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> b9bjvfk77sdz7vg07zt3yrj7bunfvf9 0 8395 43132 2026-09-30T21:06:17Z PhumlaniMabasa 12525 Added citation 43132 wikitext text/x-wiki Mbilu Mbilu i xirho xa munhu le xi nga na misiha, lexi pompaka ngati yi fanba emirini. Yi nyika miri moya na swakudya, naswona yi pfuna ku susa swilo leswi vavisaka miri.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Thomas |date=2018 |title=The Heart :Our Most Important Muscle |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford United Kingdom}}</ref> [[File:Human heart drawing.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Mbilu]] Nkoka wa mbilu eka miri wa munhu, mbilu i xirho xa nkoka lexihikuva yi pompa ngati yi rhendzeleka emirini. Ngati yi rhwala moya ni swakudya yi swi yisa eka swiphemu swo hambana swa miri. Mbilu yi tlheala yi pfuna ku susa swilo leswi nga ha vavisaka miri, swo fana na moya lowu vanhu va wu humesaka loko va hefemulaeka tisele ta miri. Mbilu yi tirha nkarhi hinkwawo leswaku miri wuya wu hanya naswona yi pfuna swirho swa miri leswaku swi tirha kahle. <ref>{{Cite book |last=DK |date=2020 |title=Human Body: A Visual Encyclopedia |publisher=DK |isbn=9780241426532 |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> <references /> njnf9hzsupdt36r84a7zr4slxxgnaa5 2 8396 43134 2026-09-30T21:14:17Z Blaq centia 12476 Blaq diamond 43134 wikitext text/x-wiki == BLAQ DIAMOND == [[Blaq Diamond|Blaq diamond]] i ntlawa wa vuyimbeleri bya le [[Afrika-Dzonga]] lowu vumbiwaka hi Ndumiso Mdletshe loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra yena ra ndhuma ra "Ndu Browns", na Sphelele Dunywa loyi a tivekaku hi vito ra yena ra ndhuma ra "Danya Devs".<ref name=":1">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU--j8KvYXY&list=RDCU--j8KvYXY&start_radio=1&pp=ygUMYmxhcSBkaWFtb25koAcB</ref>Vayimbeleri lava hi vu mbirhi bya vona va huma e Ladysmith, Kwazulu-Natal.Naswona va tiveka ngopfu hi vuyimbeleri bya "Afro-Pop",Laha va hlanganisaka mipfumawulo ya Afrika ni switayele swa manguva lawa.<ref name=":1" />Hi [[lembe]] ra 2017 va sayinile na "Ambitiouz Entertainment" laha vanga humesa alibamu yavona yosungula ya "Inqola", Alibamu leyi yi endlile leswaku vativeka kumbe ku duma.<ref name=":1" />Blaq Diamond yi vile yi duma ngopfu hi tisimu to fana na "Sthadwa,Ibhanoyi,Love letter,Woza my love,Memeza,Summer yomuthi".<ref name=":1" />Hi vumbirhi bya vona va yile mahlweni va yimbelela kuta fika namuntlha.<ref name=":1" /> == swikombo == [[Category:TI tlhambhi]] 8deqv2hswzkrcdv8y7nsmdhxeip4q6h 0 8397 43135 2026-09-30T21:15:18Z Hlukani25 12469 Created page with "[[File:Lemon.jpg|thumb|xikwavava]] Xikwavava Xikwavava i muxaka wa mihandzu ya citrus leyi humaka eka ximilani xa swiluva xa Rutaceae. Mihandzu leyi yitumbuluka eka swiphemu swa Asia, ngopfu ngopfu Northeast India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-bein..." 43135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lemon.jpg|thumb|xikwavava]] Xikwavava Xikwavava i muxaka wa mihandzu ya citrus leyi humaka eka ximilani xa swiluva xa Rutaceae. Mihandzu leyi yitumbuluka eka swiphemu swa Asia, ngopfu ngopfu Northeast India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-being-failed-260856|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AAJ.mdk5uck47}}</ref> Tilamula ti ni vitamin C yo tala, fibre ni swiaki swo hambana-hambana leswi pfunaka swa swimilana. Swakudya leswi swina vutihlamuleri eka swipfuno swotala swa rihanyo, kufana na ku hola ka swilondza xikan’we naku kula naku lunghisa ti tissue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karimakwenda|first=Nyasha|date=2025-10-14|title=Rape within marriage is still silenced in South Africa – why women are being failed|url=https://theconversation.com/rape-within-marriage-is-still-silenced-in-south-africa-why-women-are-being-failed-260856|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AAJ.mdk5uck47}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> 6j24zae0u2h2ixyfojvg7p0ebs6ntv0 0 8398 43137 2026-09-30T21:28:31Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "[[File:Big guy 637's ciggarete icon.svg|thumb|''Fole'']] Fole i xiphepherhele lexi phutseriweke hi phepha xa fole leri tsemiweke kahle leri tirhisiwaka ku dzaha fole. Ti sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 loko vakomberi va le Seville, eSpain, va sungule ku tsemelela swiphepherhele swa fole leswi lahliweke ivi va swi peta swi va swiphemu swa maphepha. Vuhumelerisi byo tala byi sungule hi muchini wa Bonsack hi 1880, leswi endleke leswaku ku tirhisiwa ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana..." 43137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Big guy 637's ciggarete icon.svg|thumb|''Fole'']] Fole i xiphepherhele lexi phutseriweke hi phepha xa fole leri tsemiweke kahle leri tirhisiwaka ku dzaha fole. Ti sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 loko vakomberi va le Seville, eSpain, va sungule ku tsemelela swiphepherhele swa fole leswi lahliweke ivi va swi peta swi va swiphemu swa maphepha. Vuhumelerisi byo tala byi sungule hi muchini wa Bonsack hi 1880, leswi endleke leswaku ku tirhisiwa ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-20. Fole ri ni nicotine, ku nga xihlohloteri lexi endlaka leswaku munhu a godzomberiwa, swin’we ni tikhemikhali leti nga ni khombo to tanihi xikontiri ni khaboni-monokisayidi. Ku dzaha fole swi fambisana ni makhombo lamakulu ya rihanyo, ku katsa ni khensa ya mahahu, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni ku fa ka misiha. Hikwalaho ka makhombo lawa ya rihanyo, matiko yo tala ma tirhise magoza yo sivela ku dzaha fole, yo tanihi ku yirisiwa ka swinavetiso ni ku yirisiwa ka ku dzaha fole etindhawini ta mani na mani. Fole ngopfu-ngopfu ri vumbiwa hi matluka ya fole lama swekiweke ni maphepha ya fole. Handle ka fole ni maphepha, vaendli va chela swilo swo hambana-hambana leswaku va hlayisa vutomi bya xelufu, va cinca swivumbeko leswi hisaka, va lawula ndzhongho, va sivela ku tshoveka ka switsotswana, va hunguta ku hlundzuka loku vangiwaka hi nicotine ni ku engetela nantswo ni nun’hwelo. Ku hisa swiengeteri leswi swi endla tikhemikhali to tlula 4 000. Swilo leswikulu leswi endlaka musi wa fole i nicotine, tar, carbon dioxide na carbon monoxide. Musi wa fole wu ni tikhemikhali to tlula 4 000 leti vumbiwaka loko fole ni swiengeteri swi hisa. Swiphemu leswikulu swi katsa nicotine, xikontiri, khaboni-dayokisayidi ni khaboni-monokisayidi. Tikhemikhali to tala leti nga eka musi wa fole ti ni chefu swinene, ku katsa ni swilo leswi vangaka khensa swo tanihi benzene, formaldehyde na acetaldehyde. Nicotine ya godzombela, kasi khaboni-monokisayidi yi hunguta okisijini engatini, yi karhata fambiselo ra misiha ya mbilu. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == https://www.britannica.com/topic/cigarette ga1oxgzourdxbz7hyhwmrm8pse58hjz 0 8399 43138 2026-09-30T21:43:02Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Venda Man U Aka Movha Lowu Fambaka Hi Mati == Wanuna un’wana wa le Venda u tiendlele vito endzhaku ka loko ku vuriwa leswaku u tumbuluxe movha lowu fambaka ematini. U kume ku dzunisiwa hikwalaho ka vuswikoti bya yena lebyi vuriwaka byo tumbuluxa muchini lowuntshwa lowu kanetaka swiphiqo hinkwaswo. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka yena hi tshemba leswaku ku ta hlohlotela gasi leri landzelaka ra swihlamariso swa thekinoloji na ku tirhisiwa ka swihlovo leswintshwa swa matimba man..." 43138 wikitext text/x-wiki == Venda Man U Aka Movha Lowu Fambaka Hi Mati == Wanuna un’wana wa le Venda u tiendlele vito endzhaku ka loko ku vuriwa leswaku u tumbuluxe movha lowu fambaka ematini. U kume ku dzunisiwa hikwalaho ka vuswikoti bya yena lebyi vuriwaka byo tumbuluxa muchini lowuntshwa lowu kanetaka swiphiqo hinkwaswo. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka yena hi tshemba leswaku ku ta hlohlotela gasi leri landzelaka ra swihlamariso swa thekinoloji na ku tirhisiwa ka swihlovo leswintshwa swa matimba man’wana.Swi tikomba onge wanuna wa Venda u tiendlele movha wa yena hi ku tirhisa vutshila na vutshila bya yena. Swi tikomba onge a a lahle petirolo ni dizele leswi a swi tirhisiwa eka timovha to tala emisaveni. Vumaki lebyi i ku antswisiwa ka thekinoloji leyi nga kona hikuva mafurha lama tirhisiwaka ya chipa naswona a ya vangi ku thyakisa. A swi kanakanisi leswaku tinjhini ta petirolo ni ta dizele leti a ti tirhisiwa eka timovha to tala emisaveni ti lava mali yo tala swinene leswaku ti ti nghenisa ni ku tlhela ti tshama ti ri karhi ti tirha. Mafurha na wona ya durha swinene naswona ku tlakuka ka ntsengo wa mafurha swi hundzuke mhaka leyi karhataka swinene eka swiphemu swotala swa misava. Musi lowu humesiwaka hi mafurha lawa wu ni khombo swinene eka mbango. Movha lowu humelelaka lowu fambaka hi mati a wu ta tlhantlha xiphiqo xa ku thyakisa lexi vangiwaka hi musi wa timovha naswona a wu ta hlayisa mali yo tala eka mafurha. Hambiswiritano, endlelo leri movha wo tano a wu ta famba ha rona ematini ri fanele ri rhanga ri endliwa swikambelo leswi tiyeke swa sayense ku kumisisa loko endlelo leri ri tirhisaka mati ha rona ri nga ta tlanga hi matimba yo tala. Mati ya tekiwile tani hi xitirhisiwa xohetelela xa eneji kambe akuri hava ndlela leyi yanga hundzuriwaka eka eneji hiku kongoma. Endlelo ra electrolysis ya mati ku humesa ti hydrogens i endlelo leri dyaka matimba swinene. Swi ta va swa nkoka leswaku vativi va sayense lava tiyimeleke va simeka kahle ndlela leyi movha lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu famba hi mati wu tirhaka ha yona leswaku va ta tiva mpimo wa matimba lawa wu nga ta ma tirhisa ni ndlela leyi wu nga ta fambisana ha yona ni matimba lawa wu nga ta ma humesa. Hambi leswi xitori xa movha lexi tsutsumaka ematini xi nga vonakaka xi kanakana, i swa nkoka ku hlohlotela vutumbuluxi bya thekinoloji eVenda na Afrika-Dzonga hinkwaro. Vasunguri va laha kaya va fanele ku tumbuluxa switirhisiwa leswintshwa leswi nga ta hlayisa mafurha na mali ya tiko. Va ta tumbuluxa mitirho leyintshwa na ku nyika makete wa laha kaya nhundzu na vukorhokeri byo antswa. Vumaki lebyi hi tshemba leswaku byi ta tlakusa moya wa vutumbuluxi. References * https://iol.co.za/news/2015-12-08-watch-how-a-prototype-car-runs-on-water/ * https://charge.co.za/the-amazing-water-powered-car/ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-fuelled_car rx70ve3ul9hgbjwj8vzp9woe76it5ey 0 8400 43139 2026-09-30T21:44:19Z NastyB innit 12496 Created page with "[[File:Cannabis sativa plant (4).JPG|thumb|''Mbangi'']] Mbangi i xin’wana xa swimilani swa khale swinene leswi tivekaka hi vanhu, leswi byariwaka ngopfu, swidyiwa, naswona switirhisiwa eka magidi yo hlaya lawa yanga hundza evuxeni nale xikarhi ka Asia. Hi matimu, akuri xihlovo xa swakudya, na fibre ya tissue na ntambhu tani hileswi swilo swin’wana swa vuyimburi swi ringanyetaka swona , tirhekhodo ta matimu letinga sungula kwalomu ka gidi ra vunharhu ra malembe BC ti..." 43139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cannabis sativa plant (4).JPG|thumb|''Mbangi'']] Mbangi i xin’wana xa swimilani swa khale swinene leswi tivekaka hi vanhu, leswi byariwaka ngopfu, swidyiwa, naswona switirhisiwa eka magidi yo hlaya lawa yanga hundza evuxeni nale xikarhi ka Asia. Hi matimu, akuri xihlovo xa swakudya, na fibre ya tissue na ntambhu tani hileswi swilo swin’wana swa vuyimburi swi ringanyetaka swona , tirhekhodo ta matimu letinga sungula kwalomu ka gidi ra vunharhu ra malembe BC ti boxe ku tirhisiwa ka yona eka swikongomelo swa vukhongeri kumbe swa moya. Swidyondzeki swotala swivula leswaku vukona bya Mbangi byi tlhelela endzhaku swinene eka nguva ya Pleistocene. Vulavisisi bya Paleo-botanical byi nyika vumbhoni bya vukona bya yona hi nkarhi wa Holocene epoch kwalomu ka 11,700 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, eka tindzhawu leti rhendzeleke East na Central Asia, ekusuhi na tintshava ta Altai. Swikoweto swo sungula swi kumiwe ebakweni ra le Chayina hi 1900; tinyama ta hemp leti sunguleke kwalomu ka 12.000 BCE. naswona tintambhu ta yona ti yimburiwile eka swibya swa vumba leswi humaka emasirheni ya khale swinene hi 10 000 B.C.E. Hikwalaho ka switirhisiwa swa yona swa mirhi na swa miehleketo, yi hangalakile emisaveni hinkwayo masiku lawa hikwalaho ka ku byariwa ka vanhu. Mbangi ayi tirhisiwa eka mikhuva ya shamanistic xikan’we nale ka vutshunguri bya ma China kwalomu ka 2700–2300 BC naswona yi tsariwile eka tirhekhodo leti tsariweke ta vutshunguri bya Ayurvedic, naswona hi vumbhoni bya archaeobotanical lebyi kumekaka e Western China, kahle kahle eka Yanghai Tombs lawa yanga hundza kutlula 4500 wa malembe. Kuya emahlweni, yi tsariwile hi nkarhi wa Han Dynasty (exikarhi ka kwalomu ka 206 BC na 220 AD) hi mutivi wa swimilani Shen-Nung eka Pharmacopoeia yosungula leyi tivekaka; the "Shen Nung Pen Ts’ao Ching”, laha ku ringanyetiwaka ku tshungula gout, rheumatism, malaraia, ku hunguta ku hunguta miri na ku tsana, leswi vuriwaka vuvabyi bya thyaka, ku pfimba, na swiphiqo swa xisati kumbe timhaka ta ku ya enkarhini [100]. Musunguri loyi wa vutshunguri bya Machayina u kumile ku tsakela ko sungula ka vutshunguri bya ximilani lexi hi ku xi ringeta eka yena n’wini, kasi dokodela Hua T’o u tirhise Mbangi tanihi murhi wo titivata eka muvabyi wa yena loyi a endlaka vuhandzuri bya swirho swa le khwirini. Loko vari e India, kutirhisiwa ka ximilani lexi aswi tolovelekile eka swikongomelo swa vutshunguri na vuhungasi, naswona swive xiphemu xa vukhongeri bya Mahindu kwalomu ka 1000-year BC, leswi endleke ndlela ya swona kuya e Europe nkarhi wun’wana exikarhi ka 1000 na 2000 B.C. == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiwaka == [https://theonegrow.co.za/blogs/blog/weed-legal-south-africa https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750024000684]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is Weed Legal in South Africa? 2026 Dagga Law Guide|url=https://theonegrow.co.za/blogs/blog/weed-legal-south-africa|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=TheOneGrow|language=en}}</ref> 6kokiqxnup3fzup7q894vm0139c2r2a 0 8401 43140 2026-09-30T21:44:42Z TaurusMargielyn 12495 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377427317|Oprah Winfrey]]" 43140 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oprah Gail Winfrey''' ( /ˈ oʊ p r ə / ; '''Oprah Gail Winfrey''' ; [ a ] u velekiwe hi ti 29 ta Sunguti, 1954) i mufambisi wa vuhangalasi bya mahungu wa le Amerika, mutlangi wa swifaniso, muhumelerisi nkulu, mutsari, na muhaxi wa thelevhixini. U tiveka ngopfu hi nongonoko wa yena wa mbulavurisano, ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', lowu haxiweke ku suka eChicago, lowu fambeke eka nhlangano wa tiko ku ringana malembe ya 25, ku sukela hi 1986 ku ya eka 2011. <ref name="Biography-2021">{{Cite web|date=February 17, 2021|title=Oprah Winfrey|url=https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305202404/https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey|archive-date=March 5, 2022|accessdate=March 5, 2022|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> Emisaveni hinkwayo, i wansati wa Muntima loyi a fumeke swinene <ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Jabari|title=The World's Black Billionaires 2025|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jabariyoung/2025/04/02/the-worlds-black-billionaires-2025/|accessdate=September 18, 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> na ndhuma ya xisati leyi fumeke swinene . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hunter-Hart|first=Monica|title=The World's Celebrity Billionaires 2025|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/monicahunter-hart/2025/04/01/the-worlds-celebrity-billionaires-2025/|accessdate=September 18, 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> U thyiwile vito ra " '''Queen of All Media''' ", <ref>{{Cite news |last=Oswald |first=Brad |date=January 26, 2010 |title=Yes, she's Queen of all Media, but to Discovery, she's Life itself |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106161814/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |work=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]}}</ref> a ri Muafrika-Amerika loyi a fumeke swinene eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Denenberg |first=Dennis |date=September 1, 2016 |title=50 American Heroes Every Kid Should Meet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104 |last2=Roscoe |first2=Lorraine |publisher=[[Millbrook Press]] |isbn=978-1-5124-1329-8 |edition=2nd Revised |language=en |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162806/https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=oprah%20richest%20african%20of%20the%2020th%20century&f=false |archive-date=June 7, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Matthew |date=May 6, 2009 |title=The Wealthiest Black Americans |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/richest-black-americans-busienss-billionaires-richest-black-americans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930202343/https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/richest-black-americans-busienss-billionaires-richest-black-americans.html |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=August 26, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> naswona u tshame a va yena ntsena mufumi wa tibiliyoni wa Vantima emisaveni. <ref>{{Cite news |date=February 4, 2016 |title=Oprah Winfrey buys $14 million ski chalet in Colorado |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/ski/galleries/Oprah-Winfrey-buys-14-million-ski-chalet-in-Colorado/oprah-hottub/ |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hi lembe ra 2007, a tala ku vekiwa tanihi wansati loyi a nga na nkucetelo swinene emisaveni <ref name="opens school">{{Cite news |last=Meldrum Henley-on-Klip |first=Andrew |date=January 3, 2007 |title='Their story is my story' Oprah opens $40m school for South African girls |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/03/broadcasting.schoolsworldwide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001195134/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/03/broadcasting.schoolsworldwide |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2007 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=UK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=October 31, 2007 |title=The most influential US liberals: 1–20 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1435442/The-most-influential-US-liberals-1-20.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1435442/The-most-influential-US-liberals-1-20.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London}}</ref> naswona hi 2026 u hlawuriwile tanihi Muamerika lonkulu loyi a hanyaka loyi a tiendleke. [[Category:Living people]] i2qb6dtwwx40jqb8tn03lm1kmx2n7ed 43155 43140 2026-10-01T07:59:53Z TaurusMargielyn 12495 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377427317|Oprah Winfrey]]" 43155 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Oprah Gail Winfrey''' ( /ˈ oʊ p r ə / ; '''Oprah Gail Winfrey''' ; [ a ] u velekiwe hi ti 29 ta Sunguti, 1954) i mufambisi wa vuhangalasi bya mahungu wa le Amerika, mutlangi wa swifaniso, muhumelerisi nkulu, mutsari, na muhaxi wa thelevhixini. U tiveka ngopfu hi nongonoko wa yena wa mbulavurisano, ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', lowu haxiweke ku suka eChicago, lowu fambeke eka nhlangano wa tiko ku ringana malembe ya 25, ku sukela hi 1986 ku ya eka 2011. <ref name="Biography-2021">{{Cite web|date=February 17, 2021|title=Oprah Winfrey|url=https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305202404/https://www.biography.com/media-figure/oprah-winfrey|archive-date=March 5, 2022|accessdate=March 5, 2022|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> Emisaveni hinkwayo, i wansati wa Muntima loyi a fumeke swinene <ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Jabari|title=The World's Black Billionaires 2025|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jabariyoung/2025/04/02/the-worlds-black-billionaires-2025/|accessdate=September 18, 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> na ndhuma ya xisati leyi fumeke swinene . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hunter-Hart|first=Monica|title=The World's Celebrity Billionaires 2025|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/monicahunter-hart/2025/04/01/the-worlds-celebrity-billionaires-2025/|accessdate=September 18, 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> U thyiwile vito ra " '''Queen of All Media''' ", <ref>{{Cite news |last=Oswald |first=Brad |date=January 26, 2010 |title=Yes, she's Queen of all Media, but to Discovery, she's Life itself |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106161814/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/yes-shes-queen-of-all-media-but-to-discovery-shes-life-itself-82678662.html |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |work=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]}}</ref> a ri Muafrika-Amerika loyi a fumeke swinene eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Denenberg |first=Dennis |date=September 1, 2016 |title=50 American Heroes Every Kid Should Meet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104 |last2=Roscoe |first2=Lorraine |publisher=[[Millbrook Press]] |isbn=978-1-5124-1329-8 |edition=2nd Revised |language=en |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607162806/https://books.google.com/books?id=ulC6DAAAQBAJ&q=oprah+richest+african+of+the+20th+century&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=oprah%20richest%20african%20of%20the%2020th%20century&f=false |archive-date=June 7, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Matthew |date=May 6, 2009 |title=The Wealthiest Black Americans |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/richest-black-americans-busienss-billionaires-richest-black-americans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930202343/https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/richest-black-americans-busienss-billionaires-richest-black-americans.html |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=August 26, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> naswona u tshame a va yena ntsena mufumi wa tibiliyoni wa Vantima emisaveni. <ref>{{Cite news |date=February 4, 2016 |title=Oprah Winfrey buys $14 million ski chalet in Colorado |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/ski/galleries/Oprah-Winfrey-buys-14-million-ski-chalet-in-Colorado/oprah-hottub/ |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hi lembe ra 2007, a tala ku vekiwa tanihi wansati loyi a nga na nkucetelo swinene emisaveni <ref name="opens school">{{Cite news |last=Meldrum Henley-on-Klip |first=Andrew |date=January 3, 2007 |title='Their story is my story' Oprah opens $40m school for South African girls |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/03/broadcasting.schoolsworldwide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001195134/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/03/broadcasting.schoolsworldwide |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2007 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=UK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=October 31, 2007 |title=The most influential US liberals: 1–20 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1435442/The-most-influential-US-liberals-1-20.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1435442/The-most-influential-US-liberals-1-20.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London}}</ref> naswona hi 2026 u hlawuriwile tanihi Muamerika lonkulu loyi a hanyaka loyi a tiendleke. Winfrey u tiveka hi ku tumbuluxa xivumbeko xa ku vulavurisana ka mahungu hi ndlela ya xihundla, ya ku tivula, [1] Winfrey u ndlandlamuxile no cinca[1][2] muxaka wa minongonoko ya mbulavurisano leyi sunguriweke hi Phil Donahue. Exikarhi ka malembe ya 1990, Winfrey u sungule nongonoko wa yena hi vuntshwa lowu a wu vulavula hi tibuku, ku titshungula, ku va ni vuxiyaxiya ni vumoya. U xopaxopiwile hikwalaho ka ku va a hlohlotele mukhuva wa ku tivula swidyoho, ku hlohlotela mavonelo yo hambana ya ku tipfuna,[3] na ku va na ndlela yo languta eka mintlhaveko,[4] naswona u tlhele a ndhundhuzeriwa hikwalaho ko hlula swiphiqo leswaku a va mupfuni wa van'wana. 5] Winfrey u tlhele a humelela tani hi munhu wa tipolitiki eka nhlawulo wa 2008 wa ku va presidente, hi nseketelo wa yena eka Barack Obama loyi ku ehleketiwaka leswaku u kume kwalomu ka miliyoni ya tivhoti hi nkarhi wa nhlawulo wa 2008 wa xidemokirasi. 6] Hi lembe rero, u sungule nhlangano wa yena n'wini, Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN). Hi lembe ra 2013, Winfrey u nyikiwe Presidential Medal of Freedom hi Presidente Barack Obama. 7] [[Category:Living people]] 5lejnbm2vnra1qj7rkcva64nvhy73ki 2 8402 43142 2026-09-30T22:00:11Z Blaq centia 12476 J JOHN THE BIG BABY 43142 wikitext text/x-wiki == J JOHN THE BIG BABY == J John the big baby i mufana loyi a tivekaku tani hi [[Muyimbeleri wa vuyimbeleri|muyimbeleri]],Mutsari wa ndhuma eka Xigaza kumbe eka tisimu ta [[xitsonga]].<ref name=":1">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDlheI53A8s&list=RDhDlheI53A8s&start_radio=1&pp=ygUTaiBqb2huIHRoZSBiaWcgYmFieaAHAQ%3D%3D</ref>Vito ra yena rale pasini i Mahlori Baloyi loyi a humaku [[Limpopo]] e Giyani etikweni raka Dzingi-dzingi.<ref name=":1" />Mahlori u dumile swinene hiku humesa tisimu ta xitsonga leti vanhu votala va cinaka hi tona masiku lawa.<ref name=":1" />J John u vile na ntlawa wayena lowu tivekaka hi vi to ra "BMT ENTERTAINMENT" laha kunga yena na majaha ma nharhu lama kunga Veekat(Magoda),Maradona na Juju rsa.<ref name=":1" />Hi lembe ra 2024 hi tsemile lembe hi risimu ra J john ra "Nkombela u chuza" laha a ngari yimbelela na Papa Rhulani na Lekker stylist.J John utlheli a humesa rin'wana risimu ra "Shine shine" hi lembe ra 2025.<ref name=":1" />J John i muyimbeleri kulu eka xitlamu xa xigaza "music".<ref name=":1" /> == swikombo == [[Category:Muyimbeleri wa xitsonga]] [[Category:Muyimbelerikulu wa xitsonga]] 1w8za0hpt2o75ozohm9p0d54f4azvnv 0 8403 43145 2026-09-30T22:21:39Z Teddy577 12465 Created page with "== Dyandza == === Swivangelo, Vuyelo Ni Swintshuxo Leswi Nga Kotekaka === Manghenelo Dyandza i rin’wana ra makhombo ya ntumbuluko lamakulu swinene lama khumbaka miganga emisaveni hinkwayo. Swi humelela loko ndhawu yo karhi yi kuma nkarhi wo leha wa mpfula ya le hansi hi ndlela leyi nga tolovelekangiki, leswi endlaka leswaku ku nga vi na mati lama eneleke ya vanhu, vurimi, swiharhi ni ti- ecosystem. Ku hambana ni ndhambi ni swidzedze, dyandza hi ntolovelo ri va kona..." 43145 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dyandza == === Swivangelo, Vuyelo Ni Swintshuxo Leswi Nga Kotekaka === Manghenelo Dyandza i rin’wana ra makhombo ya ntumbuluko lamakulu swinene lama khumbaka miganga emisaveni hinkwayo. Swi humelela loko ndhawu yo karhi yi kuma nkarhi wo leha wa mpfula ya le hansi hi ndlela leyi nga tolovelekangiki, leswi endlaka leswaku ku nga vi na mati lama eneleke ya vanhu, vurimi, swiharhi ni ti- ecosystem. Ku hambana ni ndhambi ni swidzedze, dyandza hi ntolovelo ri va kona hakatsongo-tsongo naswona ri nga ha ya emahlweni ku ringana tin’hweti kumbe hambi ku ri malembe. Vuyelo bya tona byi nga hangalaka, byi khumba vuhumelerisi bya swakudya, rihanyo, migingiriko ya ikhonomi na mbango. Swivangelo Swa Dyandza Dyandza ringa vangiwa hi maendlelo ya ntumbuluko xikan’we na mintirho ya vanhu. Xivangelo xin’wana lexikulu xa ntumbuluko i ku pfumaleka ka mpfula nkarhi wo leha. Ku cinca ka ku famba-famba ka xibakabaka, mahiselo ya lwandle ni maxelo swi nga hunguta mpfula etindhawini to karhi. Ku cinca ka maxelo swinga tlhela swikucetela swiyimo swa dyandza. Ku tlakuka ka mahiselo swi engetela ku khuluka ka mati ku suka emisaveni, milambu, madamu ni swihlovo swin’wana swa mati. Hikwalaho ka sweswo, tindhawu leti nga ni mpfula yitsongo ti nga ha va ni ku pfumaleka lokukulu ka mati. Mintirho ya vanhu yi nga endla leswaku ku khumbeka ka dyandza ku nyanya. Ku tsemiwa ka makhwati, ku tirhisiwa ngopfu ka mati, maendlelo yo biha ya vurimi, na ku tirhisiwa ngopfu ka mati ya le hansi ka misava swi nga hunguta ku kumeka ka mati. Ku kula ka vaaki na ku hatlisa ku ya emadorobeni na swona swi nga engetela xilaveko xa switirhisiwa swa mati leswi nga nyawuriki. Vuyelo Bya Dyandza Dyandza ri na vuyelo lebyikulu eka vurimi. Van’wamapurasi va nga ha tikarhatela ku byala swibyariwa hikuva a ku na mati lama ringaneke yo cheleta na vurimi lebyi titshegeke hi mpfula. Swifuwo swinga tlhela swi xaniseka hiku pfumaleka ka mati yo nwa na madyelo. Kuhunguteka ka vuhumelerisi bya vurimi swinga endla leswaku kuva na minxavo yale henhla ya swakudya xikan’we naku tlakuka ka ku pfumaleka ka swakudya. Dyandza ri nga tlhela ri khumba rihanyo ra vanhu. Ku pfumaleka ka mati swi nga ha endla leswaku swi tika eka miganga ku hlayisa vuhlayiseki lebyi faneleke na nkululo. Swakudya swo biha leswi vangiwaka hi ku hunguteka ka ku kumeka ka swakudya swi nga ha engetela makhombo ya rihanyo, ngopfu-ngopfu eka vaaki lava nga sirhelelekangiki. Ndzhawu na yona ya khumbeka. Milambu, tindhawu leti nga ni mati ni madamu swi nga ha hunguteka, kasi swimilana ni swiharhi swi nga ha lahlekeriwa hi mati ni swakudya. Dyandza leri tekeke nkarhi wo leha ri nga hoxa xandla eka ku onhiwa ka misava na ku engetela khombo ra ndzilo wa nhova. References https://www.drought.gov/what-is-drought/drought-basics 4p36b1hqc6brzkrcym5vhf6g33n7qup 0 8404 43148 2026-09-30T23:53:20Z Nayitisam 12493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377648243|Kruger National Park]]" 43148 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Kruger''' (  ) i ntanga wa rixaka [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga]] lowu nga na ndhawu ya 19,623 km eswifundzheni swa [[Limpopo]] na [[Mpumalanga]] en'walungu-vuxa bya dyambu. Yi anama 360 km (220 wa tikhilomitara mi) ku sukela en’walungwini ku ya edzongeni na 65 km (40) ya tikhilomitara mi) ku suka evuxeni ku ya evupela-dyambu. Yindlunkulu ya vufambisi yi le Skukuza . Tindzhawu ta ntanga lowu tisungule ku sirheleriwa hi mfumo wa Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga hi 1898, naswona wuve ntanga waku sungula wa rixaka ra Afrika Dzonga hi 1926. I xiphemu xa Kruger to Canyons Biosphere, ndzhawu leyi hlawuriweke tani hi ndzhawu ya vuhlayiselo bya biosphere . <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=SAF+06&mode=all|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517024129/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&Code=SAF+06|archive-date=17 May 2017|accessdate=5 April 2012|website=unesco.org}}</ref> Yi le ndzeni ka Nkarhi wa Nkarhi wa Xiyimo xa Afrika-Dzonga (GMT+2). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Kruger National Park, South Africa|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/@986833|accessdate=2026-03-28|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en}}</ref> Musunguri ya Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Kruger wu tekiwa tanihi Presidente Paul Kruger . I ndhawu leyinkulu ya vupfhumba leyi hi 2024 yi endzeliweke ekusuhi na 2 million wa vaendzi. <ref name="visitors">{{Cite web|title=Record-Breaking Visitor Numbers for Kruger Park Safaris: What's Driving the Surge?|url=https://www.skywaysmagazine.co.za/record-breaking-visitor-numbers-for-kruger-park-safaris-whats-driving-the-surge/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119113457/https://www.skywaysmagazine.co.za/record-breaking-visitor-numbers-for-kruger-park-safaris-whats-driving-the-surge/|archive-date=19 November 2025|accessdate=6 January 2026|website=skywaysmagazine.co.za}}</ref> == Matimu == === Nhlayiso wa Vuhlayiselo bya le Mahlweni ka Mintlangu (1867–1898) . === Khomixini ya Mintlangu yi simekiwile hi 1891 na J. M. Malan wa le Rustenburg tanihi mutshamaxitulu, leswi endleke leswaku ku simekiwa nawu wa mintlangu wa 1891. Ku sukela hi 1867 vamapurasi ha un’we e South African Republic va sungule ku kandziyisa switiviso eka ''Staatscourant'' leswi ayi yirisa ku hlota tani hi goza ro hlayisa swiharhi eka misava ya vona ya private. Hi ndlela leyi nhlayo hinkwayo ya vini va 200 va sirhelele swiharhi eka mapurasi ya kwalomu ka 300 exikarhi ka 1867 na 1881. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1897 |title=Index der Staatscouranten over de Jaren 1857 tot en met 1870}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=1898 |title=Index der Staatscouranten over de Jaren 1871 tot en met 1881}}</ref> ds4bylwjlfbe3xbvfdlslcpap6mf084 0 8405 43153 2026-10-01T07:30:58Z MissJesus 12475 Created page with "=== '''Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga''' === <ref>[[NDHAVUKO WA MATSONGA|Ndzhavuko]]</ref> wa hina Matsonga ha tinyungubyisa hiwona.Vatsonga i un’wana wa mintlawa ya vanhu va Bantu lava kumekaka ngopfu e[[Afrika-Dzonga]] na le Mozambique, naswona ku tlhela ku va na Vatsonga ematikweni man’wana ya le handle ka <ref>[[Afrika-Dzonga]].</ref> Ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga wu akiwile hi ririmi, mikhuva, mindhavuko, vuyimbeleri, ku cina, vukhongeri, swakudya, vuxaka bya mindyangu ni ndlel..." 43153 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga''' === <ref>[[NDHAVUKO WA MATSONGA|Ndzhavuko]]</ref> wa hina Matsonga ha tinyungubyisa hiwona.Vatsonga i un’wana wa mintlawa ya vanhu va Bantu lava kumekaka ngopfu e[[Afrika-Dzonga]] na le Mozambique, naswona ku tlhela ku va na Vatsonga ematikweni man’wana ya le handle ka <ref>[[Afrika-Dzonga]].</ref> Ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga wu akiwile hi ririmi, mikhuva, mindhavuko, vuyimbeleri, ku cina, vukhongeri, swakudya, vuxaka bya mindyangu ni ndlela leyi vanhu va hanyisanaka ha yona. Xitsonga a hi ririmi ntsena, kambe i xiphemu xa nkoka xa vumunhu ni vumunhu bya Vatsonga hikuva ri pfuna ku hundzisela matimu, vutivi, mikhuva ni nkoka wa ndzhavuko ku suka eka rixaka rin’wana ku ya eka rin’wana.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0062417]</ref> Ku ambala ka ndzhavuko i ndlela yin’wana leyi Vatsonga va kombisaka ha yona vutivi bya vona. Vavasati va Vatsonga va tiviwa hi ku ambala swiambalo swa ndhavuko leswi nga ni mivala ni swifaniso swo hambana. <ref>[[Xibelani]]</ref> na swona i xiphemu lexi tivekaka xa ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga, ngopfu-ngopfu loko ku ciniwa. Ku ambala swiambalo swa ndzhavuko swi nga vonaka eka minkhuvo yo fana na vukati, minkhuvo ya ndzhavuko, minkhuvo ya mindyangu ni minkhuvo ya vaaki.pdf Namuntlha, swiambalo swa ndzhavuko swi tlhela swi hlanganisiwa ni fexeni ya manguva lawa, leswi kombisaka leswaku ndzhavuko wu nga hlayisiwa wu ri karhi wu cinca na nkarhi. Vuyimbeleri ni ku cina i swiphemu swa nkoka swinene swa ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga. Ku cina ku nga tirhisiwa eka minkhuvo, vukati, minkhuvo ya ndzhavuko ni swiendlakalo swin’wana swa vaaki. Makhwaya, Xighubu, Mchongolo na Xibelani i swin’wana swa swiyila swa ku cina leswi hlanganisiwaka ni ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Xibelani ngopfu-ngopfu xi tiveka hi ku cina loku fambisanaka ni swiambalo swa ndzhavuko. Vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga na byona byi hundzuke hi ku famba ka nkarhi, kambe byi ya mahlweni byi ri ndlela yo komba ririmi, matimu, ntsako ni vutivi bya Vatsonga. Hi ku gimeta, ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga i ndzhavuko lowu fuweke hi ririmi, matimu, mindyangu, vukhongeri, vuyimbeleri, ku cina, swiambalo, swakudya ni mikhuva yo hambana. Xitsonga i xiphemu xa nkoka swinene xa ndzhavuko lowu hikuva xi hundzisa vutivi ni nkoka ku suka eka rixaka rin’wana ku ya eka rin'wana. Hambiswiritano, ndzhavuko wa Vatsonga a wu fani eka vanhu hinkwav̈o; ku ni ku hambana ka mikhuva hi ndhawu, ndyangu ni ntlawa. Hikuva ndzhavuko wu cinca hi ku famba ka nkarhi, i swa nkoka leswaku rixaka ra sweswi ri hlayisa ririmi, matimu ni mikhuva leyi akaka vumunhu bya Vatsonga. '''SWIKOMBISO:''' n0enrgtb2vjhz047cc9qf8tz3h0nxai 0 8406 43154 2026-10-01T07:33:07Z MissJesus 12475 Created page with "[[File:Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside South African President Jacob Zuma (cropped).jpg|thumb]] == Jacob Zuma Presidente: == '''Zuma''' a a ri muhlaseli wa khale wa ku lwisana na apartheid, xirho xa uMkhonto weSizwe, naswona a ri presidente wa African National Congress (ANC) ku sukela hi 2007 ku fika hi 2017. Nongonoko wa mipfuno ya vaaki (social grants) e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] wu andzile ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Zuma, naswona Zuma u dzunisiwile hikw..." 43154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside South African President Jacob Zuma (cropped).jpg|thumb]] == Jacob Zuma Presidente: == '''Zuma''' a a ri muhlaseli wa khale wa ku lwisana na apartheid, xirho xa uMkhonto weSizwe, naswona a ri presidente wa African National Congress (ANC) ku sukela hi 2007 ku fika hi 2017. Nongonoko wa mipfuno ya vaaki (social grants) e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] wu andzile ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Zuma, naswona Zuma u dzunisiwile hikwalaho ka pholisi ya yena ya [[HIV/AIDS]] leyi vuriwaka leswaku yi pfunile ku engetela vutomi byo leha bya vanhu eAfrika Dzonga.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jacob Zuma - South African President, Corruption, ANC {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacob-Zuma/Zuma-as-president |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250424113612/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacob-Zuma/Zuma-as-president |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2026-02-24 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku tumbuluxiwile minyangwa leyintshwa ya mfumo, ku fana na Minyangwa ya Vavasati, Vana na Vanhu lava hanyaka na Vutsoniwa; Nhluvukiso wa Miganga na Ku antswisa Tiko (ku hambanisa Vurimi na Timhaka ta Misava); Dyondzo ya Masungulo (ku yi hambanisa na Dyondzo ya le Henhla); Mfumo wa Ntirhisano na Timhaka ta Vuhosi bya Ndabuko (ku tlhela ku kongomisiwa Mfumo wa Swifundzankulu na wa Miganga); MaVeterani ya Masocha (ku suka eka masocha ya le nawini na lawa nga riki ya le nawini); Vuxaka bya Matiko na Ntirhisano (ku tlhela ku kongomisiwa leswi a swi vitaniwa Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Handle); na Nhluvukiso wa ikhonomi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/jacob-gedleyihlekisa-zuma |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}</ref> == Xikombo == <references /> [[Category:Politiki]] lmqzx9vald19g9dmipof2h7wzykvmji