Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4696 43272 42766 2026-10-13T21:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Euclea crispa''''', lexi hi ntolovelo xi tiviwaka tani hi '''blue guarri''', i muxaka wa swimilani swa Afrotropical swa ndyangu wa Ebenaceae. Swimilani leswi tiyeke na leswi tshamaka swiri rihlaza swinga endla ximilani xo enta xa swihlahla, <ref name="kcp">{{Cite book |last=Palgrave |first=Keith Coates |year=1984 |title=Trees of Southern Africa |publisher=Struik |isbn=0-86977-081-0 |location=Cape Town |pages=736–737}}</ref> kutani swikula kuya eka vukulu bya misinya.Yi hangalakile naswona yi tolovelekile eka tindhawu ta le ndzeni ka Dzongeni wa Afrika, <ref name="palmer">{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Eve |author-link=Eve Palmer |year=1977 |title=A Field Guide to the Trees of Southern Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetotree0000palm |publisher=Collins |isbn=0-620-05468-9 |location=London, Johannesburg |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetotree0000palm/page/282 282]–284}}</ref> naswona yi humelela en’walungwini kuya eka tindhawu leti hisaka. Hambi leswi tin’wana ti nga kona ekusuhi na ribuwa ra dzonga na le vuxeni bya Afrika Dzonga, <ref name="elsa">{{Cite book |last=Pooley |first=Elsa |year=1997 |title=Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei |publisher=Natal Flora Publications Trust |isbn=0-620-17697-0 |location=Durban |pages=398}}</ref> hi ntolovelo ti humelela eka vukulu bya le xikarhi ku ya eka bya le henhla. <ref name="fzim">{{Cite web|last=Hyde|first=Mark|display-authors=etal|title=Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Sond. ex Gürke subsp. crispa|url=http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=143850|accessdate=18 November 2013|website=Flora of Zimbabwe}}</ref> Yitiveka hiku olova kusuka eka xivumbeko xa yona lexingana marhavi yotala xikan’we na muhlovo wa matluka ya bluish wo dzwihala. Lava va tswalaka matluka ya lanceolate hambiswiritano va nga ha fana na Wild olive, <ref name="palmer" /> muxaka wun’wana lowu tolovelekeke wa ti plateaus ta le ndzeni. == Ndzhawu na ndzhawu yo tshama eka yona == Yitumbuluka exikarhi ka [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] (laha yin’wana ya tinxaka ta 35 ta ti ebony ta ndzhavuko), <ref name="plantz">{{Cite web|last=Stoll|first=Nicolette|date=Aug 2010|title=Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Gürke subsp. crispa|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/eucleacrispacrispa.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802041931/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/eucleacrispacrispa.htm|archive-date=2 August 2016|accessdate=15 November 2013|website=PlantZAfrica.com|publisher=SANBI}}</ref> [[Lesotho]], [[ESwatini|Eswatini]], ndhawu yale henhla ya Zimbabwe na Eastern Highlands, <ref name="palmer" /> [[Angola]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Malawi]] <ref name="kcp" /> na tindhawu tale henhla ta Afrika yo hisa. <ref name="elsa" /> Yi kumeka eka swihlahla leswi pfulekeke kumbe swo tiya etlhelo ka milambu, <ref name="wits">{{Cite book |last=Tree Society of Southern Africa |year=1974 |title=Trees and Shrubs of the Witwatersrand |url=https://archive.org/details/treesshrubsofwit0000tree |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=0-85494-236-X |location=Johannesburg |pages=[https://archive.org/details/treesshrubsofwit0000tree/page/134 134]–135}}</ref> ndhawu ya makhwati, kloofs, swintshabyana, khwati leri pfulekeke, etlhelo ka makhwati ya makhwati naswona nkarhi na nkarhi eka tindhawu leti sirhelelekeke ta maribye.<ref name="palmer" /> <ref name="fzim" /> Yitala kuva kona eka lowveld laha yinga ringanela eka tindzhawu letingana maribye, kumbe tindzhawu letinga na mpfula yotala. <ref name="piet">{{Cite book |last=Van Wyk |first=Piet |year=1984 |title=Field Guide to the Trees of the Kruger National Park |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetotree0000vanw |publisher=C. Struik |isbn=0-86977-221-X |location=Cape Town |page=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetotree0000vanw/page/224 224]}}</ref> == Ntolovelo == I xihlahla kumbe nsinya wa xirhendzevutani, wo tsindziyela na ku va na swihlahla,<ref name="wits" /> lowu fikaka eka ku leha ka mbirhi ku ya eka tsevu wa timitara <ref name="wits" /> (a swi tali ku va nhungu ku ya eka 20 wa timitara), <ref name="kcp" /> <ref name="palmer" /> <ref name="elsa" /> na harhi leyi hangalakeke, leyi talaka ku va leyi ringanaka. Yikula hiku nonoka kufana na ti congeners ta yona, naswona yiva na xirhami na dyandza loko yikula. <ref name="plantz" /> Le Zimbabwe i xihlahla lexi leheke kanwe kuya eka mbirhi wa timitara, <ref name="kcp" /> xi endla tikoloni letintsongo, to tsindziyela, kumbe nsinya lowuntsongo. <ref name="fzim" /> == Nhlamuselo == === Bole na madzovo === Bole yiva na nsinya wun’we kumbe yina swirhabyani swotala naswona yifika eka khume nharhu wa ticetimita hi vukulu. <ref name="palmer" /> Tihunyi ta kona tina buraweni wo dzwihala, ti tiya naswona tina mavele yale kusuhi. <ref name="elsa" /> Makwandzasi ya kona ya hambana kusuka eka grey <ref name="wits" /> kuya eka buraweni kumbe ya ntima, <ref name="palmer" /> naswona ya rhetela eka misinya leyintsongo, kambe ya khwaxa eka misinya ya khale.<ref name="kcp" /> === Matluka ya kona === Swimilani leswi swi rhwale xifunengeto xo enta xa matluka yo olova ya muvala wo dzwihala wa rihlaza ra grey na lineament yo tiya, ya dzovo.<ref name="palmer" /> Ku hambana hi tlhelo ra muhlovo, xivumbeko, xivumbeko na maendlelo hambiswiritano swikulu swinene. <ref name="palmer" /> Muhlovo wa matluka wuhambana kusuka eka rihlaza ra greyish kuya eka ra wasi wo hlawuleka, naswona xivumbeko xa matluka ya hambana kusuka eka lanceolate kuya eka obovate. <ref name="palmer" /> Marhavi lamantshwa na matluka swifunengetiwe hi swikalo swa rust-brown (gland granules), <ref name="kcp" /> <ref name="braam">{{Cite book |last=Van Wyk |first=Braam |year=1997 |title=Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa |publisher=Struik |isbn=1-86825-922-6 |location=Cape Town |pages=340 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> kasi matluka lawa ya vupfeke yangava na voya kumbe yanga ri na voya. <ref name="piet" /> Matluka yangava ya langutane, sub-opposite kumbe yanga tali ku cincana. <ref name="kcp" /> Petiole yo olova yina nwe na hafu kuya eka mbirhi wa timitara tirha hiku leha, <ref name="kcp" /> naswona matluka ya kona ya lehe kufika eka 5 x 1.5&nbsp;cm. <ref name="piet" /> Ti veins ta matluka ti basile naswona ti vonaka kahle eka ku vonakala, ku hambana na opaque venation ya misinya ya Wild olive.<ref name="palmer" /> <ref name="wits" /> Matluka ma nga ha fana ni ya [[Nhlangulane|Natal guarri]], ku nga muxaka lowu hi ntolovelo wu nga ehansi, kambe matluka ya lawa yo hetelela ma ni xirhabyani lexi nga ni voya lebyintsongo. <ref name="elsa" /> === Swiluva === Swiluva leswi nun’hwelaka swihumelerisiwa hi ximumu, kusukela hi Hlangula kuya eka Nyanyankulu. <ref name="fzim" /> Tiva tintsongo, ta waxy, ti penduous, ta muhlovo wotshuka <ref name="piet" /> kuya eka rihlaza ro basa naswona ti rhwariwe eka ti axillary pseudo-racemes, <ref name="palmer" /> <ref name="piet" /> ti khoma swiluva swi nharhu kuya eka khume xin’wana na xin’wana. <ref name="kcp" /> Ti corollas ta tona letingana xivumbeko xa bele tina ti lobed leti dzikeke, <ref name="kcp" /> <ref name="braam" /> naswona ti ovaries ti funengetiwile swinene hi bristles. <ref name="kcp" /> === Mihandzu === Ti berries ta xirhendzevutani, ta vukulu bya pea (mune kuya eka ntlhanu wa timitara hi vukulu) <ref name="piet" /> ti tekiwa ti ri leti nandzihaka loko ti vupfile. <ref name="wits" /> Yiva na mbewu yin’we naswona yi rhwariwe eka misinya ya xisati ntsena.a<ref name="braam" /> Loko ya vupfa, ya hundzuka ya rihlaza kuya eka buraweni wotshuka, naswona ekuheteleleni yava ya ntima. <ref name="kcp" /> <ref name="fzim" /> <ref name="wits" /> Ti na voya nyana kumbe swinene loko tiri rihlaza, <ref name="kcp" /> kambe ti na voya byotala kumbe kutlula loko ti vupfile. <ref name="piet" /> Swimilani swinga byariwa hiku olova swinene kusuka eka mbewu yotsakama, yo nona, leyi byariwaka endzhakunyana ka ntshovelo.<ref name="plantz" /> == Tinxaka letitsongo == * Ndzhawu: Yihangalakile swinene e Dzongeni wa Afrika * Nhlamuselo: Matluka ya cinca cinca kambe ya nga ri na magandlati, ya rhetela hi ku anama na nhlohlorhi ya xirhendzevutani, kumbe nhlohlorhi ya acute na nhloko ya xirhendzevutani, <ref name="palmer" /> matlhelo ya kona hinkwawo, naswona hi xitalo yatsongo naswona ya rhetela <ref name="kcp" /> ku tlula lawa ya landzelaka. '''var.''' '''''ovata''''' * Ndzhawu: tindzhawu ta le vuxeni bya karroid (kukatsa na Cradock na Middelburg ) kuya e Northern Cape (kukatsa na Kimberley na Kuruman ) nale Dzongeni wa Free State * Nhlamuselo: Matluka ya na magandlati, ya ovate swinene naswona ya rhetela swinene, ya ni voya byo enta loko ya ha ri yatsongo, <ref name="kcp" /> minkarhi yin’wana ya na swirhendzevutani swa timinete, <ref name="palmer" /> naswona a ya hambanisiwi ngopfu na [[Euclea coriacea|Mountain guarri]] laha yi hlanganisaka kona <ref name="kcp" /> == Ku tirhisana ka tinxaka na matirhiselo == Ti lichens titala ku mila eka madzovo ya khale. <ref name="plantz" /> Tinyoxi ti kokiwa hi nuhwelo wo nandziha wa swiluva swa ximumu, naswona switsotswana swa switsotswana swa ''Ectoedemia crispae'' na ''Graphiocephala barbitias'' swidya matluka. Mihandzu ya kona yi dyiwa hi swinyenyana na swihadyani leswi mamisaka, ku katsa na ti antelope, ti vervet monkeys, <ref name="plantz" /> ti mongooses na ti rats,<ref name="elsa" /> kasi madzovo na matluka ya kona swi dyiwa hi Black rhino.<ref name="braam" /> Dayi leyi humesiwaka eka timintsu yitirhisiwa eka mabasikiti, mats na voya. <ref name="braam" /> Ku cheriwa ka rimitsu hi murhi ku tlhela ku tirhisiwa eka mavabyi yo hambana-hambana, <ref name="plantz" /> naswona mihandzu kumbe madzovo ya kona ya tirhisiwa tanihi xibasisi.<ref name="palmer" /><templatestyles src="Module:Gallery/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 9le9t07siq749ly17ru37k9naonn3ap 0 7204 43273 42726 2026-10-13T21:59:52Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43273 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) ari xiyimbeleri xa le Amerika, mutsari wa tinsimu, hiletelo mucinci, na mupfuni wa vanhu. U vitaniwa " '''King of Pop''' ", hi xilngu. U tekiwa [[MICHAE JACKSON|tani]]<ref>MICHAEL JACKSON</ref> hi un'wana wa vanhu va nkoka swinene va ndzhavuko eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20. Eka ntirho wa yena wa makume ya mune wa malembe, ku hoxa xandla ka yena eka vuyimbeleri, ncino na fexeni, kun’we na vutomi bya yena bya munhu hi xiyexe lebyi hangalasiweke, swi n’wi endle munhu wo rhandziwa hi vanhu misava hinkwayo eka ndhavuko lowu dumeke. Michael Jackson u kucetele vayimbeleri eka tinxaka to tala ta vuyimbeleri. Hi ku tirhisa mintlangu ya le xitejini ni ya vhidiyo, u endle leswaku ku duma cinelo rayena switlhea swi endla leswaku vanhu van'wi rhandza swinene, micino leyi ya yena ayi vitaniwa macinelo ya xi roboto.michael jackson<ref group="michael jackon">michael jackson</ref> == Ta vutomi na Migingiriko yakwe == Michael Joseph Jackson <ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|last=Huey|first=Steve|title=Michael Jackson – Artist Biography|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507080746/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography|archive-date=May 7, 2015|accessdate=May 31, 2015|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> u velekiwe hi ti 29 ta Mhawuri 1958, eGary, Indiana. <ref name="Barnes">{{Cite news |last=Barnes |first=Brokes |date=June 25, 2009 |title=A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/arts/music/26jackson.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208194246/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/arts/music/26jackson.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0 |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=July 12, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 24, 2014|title=Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King of Pop|url=https://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072653/https://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop|archive-date=February 15, 2017|accessdate=October 20, 2016|publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> A a ri wa vutsevu eka vana va khume endyangwini wa ka Jackson, ku nga ndyangu wa vatirhi wa Maamerika ya rixaka ra Vantima lowu tshamaka ekaya ra makamara mambirhi yo etlela eka wona eXitarateni xa Jackson. [13] [14]. Mana wakwe, Katherine Jackson (loyi a velekiweke Scruse), [[Timbhoni ta Yehovha|Mbhoni ya Yehovha]], <ref name="monstrous">{{Cite news |last=Petridis |first=Alexis |date=June 27, 2018 |title=Joe Jackson was one of the most monstrous fathers in pop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/27/joe-jackson-one-of-the-most-monstrous-fathers-in-pop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208194300/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/27/joe-jackson-one-of-the-most-monstrous-fathers-in-pop |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> a tlanga clarinet, cello ni piyano; a a navela ku va muyimbeleri wa tiko ni wa le vupela-dyambu, naswona u tirhe nkarhi nyana eSears. [16]. Tata wa yena , Joe Jackson, a ri khale ka muboxi naswona a a ri mufambisi wa tikreyini eka US Steel, loyi a a tlhela a tlanga katara eka ntlawa wa kwalaho wa rhythm and blues wa Falcons. <ref name="Obit Guardian">{{Cite news |last=Sweeting |first=Adam |date=June 27, 2018 |title=Joe Jackson obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/27/joe-jackson-obituary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208194246/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/27/joe-jackson-obituary |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=April 14, 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [18]. Hi ku tirhisa tata wakwe, Michael a a ri ni rixaka ra Maindiya ya le Amerika (Choctaw); kokwa wa yena wa xinuna, Israel Nero Jackson, a tirhisa no xavisa mirhi ya ndhavuko ya swimilana ya Valungu, mukhuva lowu hundziseriweke eka tata wa yena, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Andersen |first=Christopher |year=1995 |title=Michael Jackson Unauthorized |publisher=[[Pocket Books]] |isbn=9780671892401 |pages=13}}</ref> July "Jack" Gale, muhloti wa Vuthu ra le United States loyi a tekeke hlonga ra Vantima leri vuriwaka Gina emahlweni ka Nyimpi ya le Xikarhi ka Matiko. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Knopper |first=Steve |year=2016 |title=MJ: The Genius of Michael Jackson |url=https://archive.org/details/mjgeniusofmichae0000knop |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |isbn=9781476730387 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mjgeniusofmichae0000knop/page/6 6]}}</ref> Michael a a ri ni vamakwerhu vanharhu va xisati— Rebbie, La Toya na Janet —ni vamakwavo va ntlhanu va xinuna Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon na Randy. <ref name="Obit Guardian" /> Makwerhu wa vutsevu, Brandon, mawele ya Marlon, u file endzhakunyana ka ku velekiwa. os04bmr6u1aeuls0b55xqkdc0zg0jkq 0 7780 43271 42620 2026-10-13T21:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Giraffe_2019-07-28.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Nhutlwa]] '''Nhutlwa''' i [[xiharhi]] xa nhova lexi mamisaka xo leha kutlula swiharhi swinwana,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Giraffe Facts {{!}} Mammals {{!}} BBC Earth|url=https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/giraffe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210002229/https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/giraffe|archive-date=2026-02-10|access-date=2026-02-27|website=www.bbcearth.com|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> naswona xikumeka e tikweni-nkulu ra Africa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nowak|first=Ronald M.|title=Walker's mammals of the world|url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0002nowa_d2q4|date=1999|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8|edition=6th ed|location=Baltimore|pages=[https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0002nowa_d2q4/page/1086 1086]–1089|language=EN}}</ref> Hi ntolovelo, tinhutlwa a ti tekiwa ti ri muxaka wun'we, Kamba vulavisisi bya manguva lawa byi komba leswaku kuna tinxaka ta mune ta tinhutlwa leti ta ha hanyaka, nakambe kuna tsevu ya tinxaka ta tinhutlwa leti nga ha riki kona, let tsumburiweke hi ku ya hi rhekhodo ya masalela ya marhambu ya swilo leswi feke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Are there different types of giraffe? - Giraffe Conservation Foundation|url=https://giraffeconservation.org/facts-about-giraffe/are-there-different-types-of-giraffe/|date=2024-11-08|access-date=2026-02-27|language=en-US}}</ref> Swihlawulekisi swa tinhutlwa i minkolo ya tona yo leha swinene na milenge, tindleve to fana na timhondzo, na mavalavala ya nhlonge yo hlawuleka naswona yo hambana kuya hi nhutlwa yin’wana na yin’wana.<ref name=":0" /> Tinhutlwa kumeka ku suka e[[Chad]] en'walungwini ku ya eAfrika Dzonga edzongeni na ku suka eNiger evupeladyambu ku ya e[[Somalia]] evuxeni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Not all giraffe are the same - Giraffe Conservation Foundation|url=https://giraffeconservation.org/giraffe-species/|date=2024-11-08|access-date=2026-02-27|language=en-US}}</ref> Swakudya swa tona i matluka, mihandzu na swiluva swa swimilana swa timhandzi, ngopfu-ngopfu nsinya wa nsasane, lowu ti wu dyaka eka tindhawu leti tlakukeke leti swiharhi swin'wana leswi dyaka swimilana swi nga swi kotiki ku ti fikelela.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Resources and Habitat Requirements for Giraffes’ (Giraffa camelopardalis) Diet Selection in the Northwestern Kalahari, South Africa|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2188|journal=Animals|date=2023-07-03|issn=2076-2615|pmc=10339880|pmid=37443986|pages=2188|volume=13|issue=13|doi=10.3390/ani13132188|language=en|first=Francois|last=Deacon|first2=Gert Nicolaas|last2=Smit|first3=Andri|last3=Grobbelaar}}</ref> Tinhutlwa ti dyiwa hi swiharhi swofana na tinghala, tiyingwe, timfenhe na timbyana ta nhova ta le Afrika.<ref name=":0" /> Tinhutlwa ti tshama eka mintlhambi ya ta xisati leti yelanaka, leyi nga riki na ta xinuna leti kuleke. Tinhutlwa ta xinuna ti simeka xiyimo xa vunhenha hi ku tlula-tlula, ti thlela ti tirhisa tinhamu tanihi tlhari ro lwa hi rona.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Giraffes Prefer a Fair Fight|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/17/science/giraffes-fighting.html|work=The New York Times|date=2021-09-17|access-date=2026-02-27|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Joshua Rapp|last=Learn}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == <references /> == Anatomy == Ti nhuntwla leti kuleke hiku hetiseka ti yima {{cvt|4.3|–|5.7|m}} yo leha, laha ya xinuna yi leheke kutlula ya xisati. <ref name="Nowak1999">{{Cite book |last=Nowak, R.M. |date=1999 |title=Walker's Mammals of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7W-DGRILSBoC&pg=PA1086 |publisher=The [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8 |volume=1 |pages=1086–1089 |access-date=30 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922073614/https://books.google.com/books?id=7W-DGRILSBoC&pg=PA1086 |archive-date=22 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hambileswi nhamu na milenge ya yona yiri leyo Lena, miri wa yona wu komile swinene. <ref name="anatomy">{{Cite book |last=Swaby, S. |year=2010 |title=Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/mammalanatomyill0000unse |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-7882-9 |editor-last=Harris, T. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mammalanatomyill0000unse/page/64 64]–84 |chapter=Giraffe}}</ref> je4byxb4gr9p41k4eihbiklyn46sqtq 0 7832 43276 42699 2026-10-13T22:00:56Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xihenge''' <ref name="Morton 1987">{{Cite web|year=1987|title=Pineapple, ''Ananas comosus''|url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pineapple.html|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=In: Fruits of Warm Climates, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=18–28}}</ref> ( '''''Ananas comosus''''' ) i ximilani xa le tindhawini to hisa lexi nga ni mihandzu leyi dyiwaka; i ximilani lexi nga na nkoka swinene eka ikhonomi eka ndyangu wa Bromeliaceae . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge |first=G |year=2003 |title=The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses |url=https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse |last2=Leal |first2=F. |publisher=CABI Publishing |isbn=978-0-85199-503-8 |editor-last=Bartholomew |editor-first=DP |location=Wallingford, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse/page/21 21] |chapter=Chapter 2: Morphology, Anatomy, and Taxonomy |editor-last2=Paull |editor-first2=RE |editor-last3=Rohrbach |editor-first3=KG}}</ref> Xihenge xi huma [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|eAmerika Dzonga]], laha yi byariweke kona ku ringana malembe-xidzana yo tala. <ref name="grant">{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Jason R. |last2=Zijlstra |first2=Gea |date=1998 |title=An Annotated Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae (see ''Ananas'') |journal=Selbyana |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=91–121 |issn=0361-185X |jstor=41759978}}</ref> Ku nghenisiwa ka ximilani xa xihenge [[Yuropa|eYuropa]] hi lembe xidzana ra vu-17 swi endle leswaku xi va xifaniso xa nkoka xa ndhavuko xa vulovolovo. <ref name="smithsonian">{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=The prickly meanings of the pineapple|url=https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2021/01/28/the-prickly-meanings-of-the-pineapple/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=Smithsonian Library and Archives}}</ref> Kusukela hiva 1820s, swihenge aswi byariwa hiku xavisiwa eka ti yindlu ta rihlaza nale ka swimilani swotala swa tropical. Mihandzu leyi, ngopfu-ngopfu juzi ya yona, yi ni matirhiselo yo hambana-hambana eka swakudya ni le ka swinambunambu . Swihenge swikula tani hi xihlahla lexintsongo; swiluva ha xin'we-xin'we swa ximilani lexi nga riki na vulombe swi hlangana swi vumba mihandzu yo tala . Hi ntolovelo ximilani lexi xi hangalaka kusuka eka offset leyi humelerisiwaka ehenhla ka mihandzu <ref name="Morton 1987" /> kumbe kusuka eka xirhabyani xale tlhelo, naswona hi ntolovelo xivupfa endzhaku ka lembe. <ref name="ncsu">{{Cite web|date=2025|title=''Ananas comosus'', pineapple|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ananas-comosus/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=North Carolina State University Extension; Plant Toolbox}}</ref> mv4ij1mp2j4etttqt3alibr876lwau3 0 8132 43270 42409 2026-10-13T21:57:45Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Langhorne Clemens''' N’wendzamhala 30, 1835&nbsp;– Dzivamisoko 21, 1910), loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra peni '''Mark Twain''', a a ri [[mutsari]] wa le Amerika, muhlekisani, na mutsari wa switlhokovetselo. Bumabumeriwile tani hi "muhlekisani lonkulu loyi United States yi n'wi humeleriseke", <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1910 |title=Mark Twain is Dead at 74; End Comes Peacefully at His New England Home After a Long Illness. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/22/archives/mark-twain-is-dead-at-74-end-comes-peacefully-at-his-new-england.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828215541/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/22/archives/mark-twain-is-dead-at-74-end-comes-peacefully-at-his-new-england.html |archive-date=August 28, 2023 |access-date=August 28, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> laha William Faulkner a n'wi vitaneke Tatana wa matsalwa ya le Amerika. <ref name="faulkner">{{Cite book |last=Jelliffe |first=Robert A. |year=1956 |title=Faulkner at Nagano |publisher=Kenkyusha |location=Tokyo}}</ref> Tinovhele ta Twain ti katsa ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' (1876) na ntlhandlamano wa yona, ''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' (1884), <ref>{{Cite book |year=1999 |title=World Book Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/worldbookencyclo07worl_7 |publisher=World Book, Inc. |location=Chicago}}</ref> laha leyi yo hetelela yi talaka ku vitaniwa Great American Novel ". U tlhele a tsala buku leyi ''nge A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court'' (1889) na ''Pudd’nhead Wilson'' (1894) naswona u tsale swin’we na ''The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today'' (1873) na Charles Dudley Warner. j19g47wuq562w3hzcy0ef79x7dj4ape 0 8184 43277 42622 2026-10-13T22:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku duma''' i xiyimo xa ndhuma lexi xiximiwa hi vanhu kumbe ntlawa hi ku anama hikwalaho ka nyingiso lowu va nyikiwaka wona hi [[Ta mahungu|swihangalasamahungu swa vanhu vo tala]] . Rito leri ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka vanhu lava dumeke. Munhu a nga ha kuma xiyimo xa ndhuma hi ku va ni rifuwo lerikulu, ku hlanganyela eka [[Tamintlangu|mintlango]] kumbe bindzu ra vuhungasi, xiyimo xa yena tanihi munhu wa tipolitiki kumbe hambi ku ri ku hlangana ka yena ni munhu un’wana loyi a dumeke. ‘Celebrity’ hi ntolovelo yina xifaniso lexinene xa munhu unwana na unwnwana , ku hambana na lava nga riki na vukalatlhelo ‘lava dumeke’ kumbe ‘la tivekaka’, kumbe swilo swo biha ‘lava nga na ndhuma yo biha’ na ‘lava nga na ndhuma yo biha’. <ref name="I want to be famous">{{Cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |date=April 17, 2010 |title=I want to be famous |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/17/i-want-to-be-famous |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520180800/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/17/i-want-to-be-famous |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Celebbuzz |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 28, 2011 |title=Western world kids want to grow up to be famous |url=http://www.news1130.com/news/local/article/304123--western-world-kids-want-to-grow-up-to-be-famous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101230510/http://www.news1130.com/news/local/article/304123--western-world-kids-want-to-grow-up-to-be-famous |archive-date=January 1, 2012 |access-date=December 25, 2011 |publisher=[[News1130]] |location=Vancouver |df=mdy}}</ref>   Hambi swiri tano buku ya yena yinga na nhlokomhaka yale hansi ya "kusuka eka Bronze Age kuya eka Silver Screen", naswona hambi leswi "kufikela swilo leswinene swinene, vativi va ntshamisano ava vula leswaku ''ndhuma'' yisunguriwile kutlula nyana 100 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, eka ku vonakala loku flickering ka Hollywood yosungula" na xiringanyeto xa leswaku vakwetsimi van’wana va malembe yale xikarhi vanga faneleka, Jenner u tiyisisa leswaku vanhu vo sungula lava dumeke ava hanyile ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1700s, yosungula ya yena xikombiso ku ri Henry Sacheverell . <ref name="dabhoiwala">{{Cite news |last=Dabhoiwala |first=Fara |date=18 March 2020 |title=Dead Famous by Greg Jenner review – a joyous history of celebrity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/mar/18/dead-famous-by-greg-jenner-review |access-date=24 May 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku tumbuluxiwa ka mixaka yo tala ya [[Ta mahungu|swihaxa-mahungu swa vanhu]] vo tala ku ndlandlamuxa tindlela leti vanhu va dumeke hi tona. [[File:Choregos_actors_MAN_Napoli_Inv9986.jpg|thumb| Choregos na vatlangi va mintlangu ya mintlangu, ku suka eka Yindlu ya Mutlhokovetseri wa Khombo, Pompeii, Italy. Muziyamu ya Rixaka ya Vuyimburi ya le Naples .]] Vatlangi va le Greece wa Khale a va amukeriwa ekaya tanihi tinhenha, va tsariwe tinsimu ni switlhokovetselo leswaku va xixima naswona a va kuma swakudya ni tinyiko ta mahala eka lava a va lava ku seketeriwa hi vanhu lava dumeka . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Stephen |year=2004 |title=Ancient Greek Athletics |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientgreekathl00mill |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-11529-6}}</ref> Rhoma wa khale a fana na a ri bumabumela vatlangi ni vahlaseri lava dumeke, naswona Julius Caesar u humelele eka mali ya nsimbi evuton’wini bya yena n’wini (ku hambana ni xifaniso lexi tolovelekeke xa tinyimpi ni rixaka ra Xikwembu). <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|date=April 4, 2003|title=A brief history of celebrity|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1777554.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715102610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1777554.stm|archive-date=July 15, 2014|accessdate=June 8, 2014|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Vugandzeri bya vumunhu (ngopfu evupela-dyambu) byi nga landzelerisiwa ku ya fika eka Varhoma eka lembe ra xidzana ra vu-18, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Inglis |first=Fred |date=2010 |title=A Short History of Celebrity |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofce0000ingl |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691135625}}</ref> lava vutomi bya vona tanihi vatshila na vatlhokovetseri a byi titshege hi mali ya ndhuma ya vona. Lord Byron uri munhu loyi a dumeke hi 1812 endzhaku ka loko ku kandziyisiwe ti canto timbirhi to sungula ta ''Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage'' . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bostridge |first=Mark |date=3 November 2002 |title=On the trail of the real Lord Byron |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/on-the-trail-of-the-real-lord-byron-126324.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724091658/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/on-the-trail-of-the-real-lord-byron-126324.html |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=The Independent on Sunday}}</ref> "Ndzi pfukile mixo wun'wana kutani ndzi tikuma ndzi ri munhu loyi a dumeke ," ku vula yena. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Thomas |date=2006 |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Quotations |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t91.e416 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |editor-last=Ratcliffe |editor-first=Susan |location=Oxford, England |chapter=Letters and Journals of Lord Byron, 1830, volume 1}}</ref> Hikuya hi McGann: "Hiku hatlisa u hundzuke nyeleti yo tlhariha swinene emisaveni leyi hlamarisaka ya Regency London." <ref>{{Cite web|last=McGann|first=Jerome|date=23 September 2004|title=Byron, George Gordon Noel, sixth Baron Byron|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4279|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004172753/https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4279|archive-date=Oct 4, 2023|accessdate=30 January 2025|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}}</ref> Ku simeka tindhawu to hisa ta ndhavuko swi ve swa nkoka eku endleni ka ndhuma, ku fana nale London nale Paris hi lembe xidzana ra vu 18 ni ra vu 19. Maphephahungu ya sungule ku katsa tikholomu ta mahungu"gossip", <ref>{{Cite web|title=Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Nineteenth Century|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews19th/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203234400/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews19th/|archive-date=December 3, 2017|accessdate=June 21, 2014|publisher=British Library}}</ref> naswona ti tlilaba to karhi na swiendlo leswi hundzuke tindhawu to voniwa ku kuma ku hangalasiwa. Madame Tussauds, museum leyi kombisaka ti waxworks ta vanhu lava dumeke, yisungule ku simekiwa e Baker Street, London hi 1835, laha ''Punch'' hi 1849 anga vula leswaku: "Emasikwini lawa, akuna munhu loyi anga tekiwa tanihi loyi a tsakeriwaka hindlela ya kahle, handle ka loko a amukeriwa eka khamphani ya vanhu lava dumeke va Madame Tussaud e Baker Street". <ref>{{Cite book |last=Berridge |first=Kate |year=2006 |title=Madame Tussaud: A life in wax |url=https://archive.org/details/madametussaud00kate |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-052847-8 |location=New York |page=4}}</ref> David Lodge u vitanile Charles Dickens "mutsari wosungula ku twa ntshikelelo lowukulu wakuva hi nkarhi wun'we ari mutshila xikan'we na nchumu wa kutsakela ka vaaki lokunga heriki na ku dzunisiwa", naswona Juliet John u seketerile xikombelo xa leswaku Dickens "a vitaniwa nyeleti yosungula ya vuhangalasi bya mahungu ya misava hinkwayo leyi tiendleke ya nguva ya ndhavuko wa vanhu votala." <ref>{{Cite news |title=Charles Dickens and Fame vs. Celebrity |url=https://daily.jstor.org/charles-dickens-and-fame-vs-celebrity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629140200/https://daily.jstor.org/charles-dickens-and-fame-vs-celebrity/ |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |agency=JSTOR Daily}}</ref> Hakanyingi vatlangi va mintlango a va tekiwa tanihi vanhu lava dumeke swinene. Ti ndhawu to dyela leti nga ekusuhi ni tindhawu to tlangela eka tona, laha vatlangi a va ta hlengeletana kona, ti sungule ku veka swifaniso leswi nga ni swifaniso swo saseka kumbe swifaniso swa vatlangi emakhumbini ya vanhu lava dumeke eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu 19. Mhaka leyi ayi tsakeriwa ngopfu hi vaaki na swihangalasamahungu, Lillie Langtry, u endle masungulo ya yena ya West End theatre hi 1881 leswinga endla leswaku kuva na ku rhurhumela eLondon hikuva munhu wo sungula wa socialite ku humelela exitejini. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lillie Langtry British actress |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lillie-Langtry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712212548/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lillie-Langtry |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Lembe leri landzeleke u ve poster girl ya Pears Soap, a va munhu wo sungula wa ndhuma ku seketela xitirhisiwa xa mabindzu. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Morin |first=Richard |date=February 3, 2002 |title=When Celebrity Endorsers Go Bad |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/02/03/when-celebrity-endorsers-go-bad/260776e6-d38c-4319-b683-eb466c499dce/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116081428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/02/03/when-celebrity-endorsers-go-bad/260776e6-d38c-4319-b683-eb466c499dce/ |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |work=The Washington Post |quote=British actress Lillie Langtry became the world's first celebrity endorser in 1893 when her likeness appeared on packages of Pears Soap.}}</ref> Hi 1895, mutlhokovetseri na mutsari wa mintlangu Oscar Wilde u hundzuke nhlokomhaka ya "un'wana wa miringo yo sungula ya ndhuma". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Field |first=Marcus |date=4 October 2014 |title=Is Oscar Wilde's reputation due for another reassessment? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/oscar-wilde-facing-retrial-9773718.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302134040/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/oscar-wilde-facing-retrial-9773718.html |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=16 March 2021 |work=The Independent}}</ref> Xikombiso xin’wana xa vanhu lava dumeke eka bindzu ra vuhungasi a kuri eka vuyimbeleri, ku sukela exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ra vu 19. Vanhu vo tala lava nga si tshamaka va voniwa eka vuyimbeleri, va nghenelerile eka ku rhurhumela lokukulu ka vaseketeri loku vuriwaka Lisztomania loku sunguleke hi 1841. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Alan |date=1987 |title=Franz Liszt: The virtuoso years, 1811-1847 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCw4cxHmpgYC&pg=PA371 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-9421-5 |language=en}}</ref> Leswi swi tumbuluxe xisekelo xa mahanyelo lawa vaseketeri va nga na wona ku rhendzela vayimbeleri lava va va tsakelaka eka vaaki va manguva lawa. Indasitiri ya ti filimi yi hangalakile emisaveni hinkwayo ,eka hafu yo sungula ya lembe xidzana ravu 20, yi tumbuluxe vanhu vo sungula lava dumeke va tifilimi. Rito leri nge celebrity ari boheleriwile eka vatlangi eka ti filimi hambiswiritano, loko cinema yisungula tani hi xitirhisiwa. Hilaha Paul McDonald a vulaka hakona eka ''The Star System: Hollywood's Production of Popular Identities'', "Eka khume wa malembe yo sungula ya lembe xidzana ra vu makume mbirhi, ti khamphani ta vuhumelerisi bya ti filimi ta le Amerika ti pfale mavito ya vaendli va tifilimi, ku nga khathariseki swikombelo leswi humaka eka vahlaleri, hi ku chava leswaku ku xiximiwa hi vanhu swi ta susumetela vaendli va tifilimi ku lava miholo ya le henhla." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McDonald |first=Paul |year=2000 |title=The Star System: Hollywood's Production of Popular Identities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZjHTABEWTYC&pg=PA15 |publisher=Wallflower |isbn=978-1-903364-02-4 |location=Great Britain |pages=15 |access-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713121600/https://books.google.com/books?id=cZjHTABEWTYC&pg=PA15 |archive-date=July 13, 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ku tsakisiwa ka vanhu ku hundze swinene eka ku tirhisiwa ka tifilimi eka xikirini, naswona vutomi bya vona byale xihundleni byi hundzuke mahungu ya nhlokomhaka: xikombiso, eHollywood vukati bya Elizabeth Taylor na le Bollywood timhaka ta Raj Kapoor hi va 1950s. Kufana na vatlangi va mintlangu ya mintlangu yale mahlweni ka vona, vatlangi va ti filimi avari vanhu va marhangu ya ndhuma eka tirhesiturente leti ava tala ku ya eka tona, ekusuhi na ti studio ta tifilimi, ngopfu eka Sardi’s e Hollywood. Hafu yavu mbirhi ya lembe xidzana leri yi vone mavona kule ni vuyimbeleri lebyi dumeke swi tisa swivumbeko leswintshwa swa ndhuma, swo tanihi nhenha ya rock ni ntlawa wa pop, lowu kombisiweke hi Elvis Presley na Beatles, hi ku landzelelana. Xitlhokovetselo xa John Lennon lexi nga na njhekanjhekisano swinene xa 1966: "We're more popular than Jesus now", <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cleave, Maureen |date=1966 |title=How does a Beatle live |url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/1966/03/04/how-does-a-beatle-live-by-maureen-cleave/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330104259/https://www.beatlesbible.com/1966/03/04/how-does-a-beatle-live-by-maureen-cleave/ |archive-date=Mar 30, 2023 |work=London Evening Standard |via=The Beatles Bible}}</ref> lexi endzhaku a nga sindzisiwa leswaku a ku nga ri ku tinyungubyisa, na leswaku hi ndlela yo karhi a nga tiringanisi na Kriste, [ 22 ] xi nyika vutivi eka ku dzunisiwa na ku duma ka ndhuma ku nga ku tisaka. Ku hambana ni tifilimi, thelevhixini yi tumbuluxe vanhu lava dumeke lava ngopfu-ngopfu a va nga ri vatlangi; hi xikombiso, vafambisi va nongonoko, vafambisi va minongonoko ya mbulavurisano ni vahlayi va mahungu. Hambiswiritano, vunyingi bya leswi swi dume ntsena endzeni ka swifundzha leswi fikeleriweke hi muhaxi wa swona wo karhi, naswona i swi nga ri swingani ntsena swo tanihi Oprah Winfrey, Jerry Springer, kumbe David Frost leswi nga vuriwa leswaku swi tshovekile swi va tinyeleti leti anameke swinene . Mavona kule ya tlhele ya nyika ku paluxiwa eka vatlangi va mintlangu, ngopfu Pelé endzhaku ka ku humelela ka yena eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 1958, laha Barney Ronay eka ''The Guardian'' anga vula leswaku, "Leswi tiyisisiweke hileswaku Pelé u tumbuluxe ntlangu lowu, miehleketo ya munhu un'we wa mintlangu ya misava hinkwayo, naswona hi ndlela leyi nga phindhiwiki sweswi." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=1 January 2021 |title=Pelé's revolutionary status must survive numbers game against Lionel Messi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jan/01/pele-revolutionary-status-must-survive-numbers-game-against-lionel-messi-santos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203005832/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jan/01/pele-revolutionary-status-must-survive-numbers-game-against-lionel-messi-santos |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=8 September 2023 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Hi malembe yava 60s nale ku sunguleni ka malembe yava 70s, bindzu ro kandziyisa tibuku ri sungule ku hlohlotela vanhu lavakulu lava dumeke ku veka mavito ya vona eka ti autobiographies na swihloko swin’wana eka genre leyi vuriwaka celebrity publishing. Hakanyingi, buku leyi a yi tsariwangi hi munhu loyi a dumeke kambe hi mutsari wa swipoko, kambe munhu loyi a dumeke a ta kumeka endzhaku ka sweswo leswaku a ya eka riendzo ra tibuku ni ku humelela eka minongonoko ya mbulavurisano. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Korda |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=Another Life: A Memoir of Other People |url=https://archive.org/details/anotherlifememoi00kord |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=9780679456599 |url-access=registration}}</ref> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 91fplnko3tihgp48ikds9651ftge47k 0 8188 43278 42629 2026-10-13T22:02:09Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Parents_and_their_baby.jpg|thumb| Vatswari na n’wana wa vona]] '''Mutswari''' i kokwa wa n’wana, kumbe eka [[vanhu]], swi nga ha kombetela eka muhlayisi kumbe muhlayisi wa le nawini, loyi hi ntolovelo a vuriwaka '''mutswari la wundlaka''' kumbe '''mutswari wa vumbirhi''' . Vatswari i maxaka ya xiyimo xosungula naswona va avelana 50% wati genes ta vona. Ya xisati yinga tlhela yiva mutswari hiku tirhisa n'wana wa xisati hi ku siva . Vatswari van’wana va nga ha va vatswari lava amukelaka n’wana, lava kurisaka ni ku kurisa n’wana, kambe va nga ri na vuxaka ni n’wana. Vana lava nga riki na vatswari lava nga riki na vatswari lava amukelaka vana vanga kurisiwa hi vakokwa wa vona kumbe [[Ndyangu|swirho swin'wana swa ndyangu]] . Mutswari a ngaha tlhela a andlariwa tanihi kokwa wa xinuna loyi a susiweke xitukulwana xin'we . Hi nhluvuko wa sweswinyana eka swa vutshunguri, swa koteka ku vani vatswari vo tlula vambirhi va xiviri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=James |date=2013-06-28 |title=UK government backs three-person IVF |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23079276 |access-date=30 June 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Nadine Taub]] |title=The Law of Sex Discrimination |last2=Beth Anne Wolfson |last3=Carla M. Palumbo |page=374}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Browne C. Lewis |date=2012 |title=Papa's Baby: Paternity and Artificial Insemination |url=https://archive.org/details/papasbabypaterni0000lewi |page=[https://archive.org/details/papasbabypaterni0000lewi/page/136 136]}}</ref> Swikombiso swa vatswari va vunharhu va xiviri swi katsa swiendlakalo leswi katsaka ku veleka kumbe munhu wa vunharhu loyi a nyikeke swikombiso swa DNA hi nkarhi wa endlelo ro pfuneta ku veleka leri cinceke swilo swa xitekela swa va amukeri. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Louise I. Gerdes |date=2009 |title=Reproductive Technologies |page=25}}</ref> Tinxaka leti tolovelekeke ta vatswari i vamanana, vatatana, vatswari va vumbirhi ni vakokwa wa xinuna . Manana i "wansati kuyelana na n'wana kumbe vana lava va veleka." <ref>{{Cite web|title=mother definition|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mother?rskey=YplwRN&result=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010013824/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mother?rskey=YplwRN&result=1|archive-date=October 10, 2012|website=www.oxforddictionaries.com|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> Mpimo lowu swi amukelekaka eka vaaki leswaku mutswari a katseka evuton’wini bya vana va vona vo hambana hiku yahi mindhavuko, hambiswiritano leyi kombisaka ku nghenelela kutsongo swinene minkarhi yin’wana ku vuriwa leswaku yi kombisa ku honisiwa ka vana, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Marian S Harris |date=2014 |title=Racial Disproportionality in Child Welfare |page=2}}</ref> kasi leyi katsekaka ngopfu minkarhi yin’wana ku vuriwa leswaku yi sirhelela ngopfu, yi cosseting, [[wiktionary:nosy|yiva nosy]], kumbe yiva nghenelela . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bernard Roberts |date=2005 |title=Evidence in the Psychological Therapies: A Critical Guidance for Practitioners |page=149}}</ref> Vatswari va munhu hi xiviri i vanhu lava munhu yaloye a kumaka ndzhaka ya tijini ta yena eka vona . Hi ntolovelo rito leri ri tirhisiwa ntsena loko swi laveka ku hambanisa vatswari lava hlayisaka munhu hi xiyexe ni vatswari va vona va xiviri. Hi xikombiso, munhu loyi tata wakwe a tlheleke a teka a nga ha vula nsati lontshwa wa tatana tanihi mana wakwe wa vumbirhi ivi a hambeta a vitana manana wakwe tanihi manana wakwe. Hambiswiritano, munhu loyi anga tshamaka a hlangana ngopfu ni mana wa yena wa xiviri a nga ha vitana mutswari wa yena wa muwundli tanihi mana wa yena, naswona mana wa yena wa xiviri tanihi yena, kumbexana hi vito ra yena ro sungula.{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=December 2019}} Manana i munhu wa xisati loyi a ngana vuxaka bya manana na munhu un’wana, hambi kuri ku huma eka ku tika, ku veleka munhu yoloye, kumbe ku kurisa munhu hi xiphemu xa mutswari. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-09-14|title=Definition from|url=http://www.allwords.com/word-mother.html|accessdate=2011-11-04|publisher=Allwords.com}}</ref> Ku tlula yin’we ya xisati yi ngahava ni vuxaka byo tano ni munhu un’we. Hikwalaho ka ku rharhangana ni ku hambana ka tinhlamuselo ni mintirho ya manana ya ntshamisano, ndhavuko ni ya vukhongeri, swa tika ku hlamusela manana hi ndlela leyi fambisanaka ni nhlamuselo leyi amukeriwaka hinkwako-nkwako. Ku tirhisiwa ka manana wo siva swi nga endla leswaku ku va na explication ya ku va na vamanana vambirhi va biological. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bromham |first=David |date=1990 |title=Philosophical Ethics in Reproductive Medicine |page=57}}</ref> Tatana i mutswari wa xinuna wa n’wana wihi kumbe wihi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=TheFreeDictionary|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/father|accessdate=2014-10-07}}</ref> Ku nga ha va munhu loyi a hlanganyelaku eku kuriseni ka n’wana kumbe loyi a nyikeleke swilo leswi hanyaka, ku nga mbewu ya vununa, leswi endlaka leswaku n’wana a velekiwa. Vakokwani i vatswari va mutswari wa nwana, hambi i tatana kumbe manana. Xivumbiwa xin’wana na xin’wana lexi xi tswalaka hi rimbewu lexi nga riki [[Genetic chimaera|chimaera ya xitekela]] xi na nhlayo yale henhla ya vakokwa wa mune va xitekela, vakokwa wa vakokwa wa tsevu va xitekela, khume-nhungu wa vakokwa wa vakokwa wa xitekela na swin’wana. Ahi kanyingi, ku fana nile mhakeni ya vuxaka bya rimbewu bya le kusuhi ni vamakwavo kumbe vamakwavo hi hafu, tinhlayo leti tiva ehansi . Xikambelo xo tiva vatswari xi endliwa ku kombisa vatswari, hi leswaku, loko wanuna ari tatana wa xiviri wa munhu un’wana. Leswi swi nga ha va swa nkoka hi ku languta timfanelo ni mintirho ya tatana. Hilaha ku fanaka, ku nga endliwa xikambelo xaku tika. Leswi a swi tolovelekanga ngopfu hikuva, hakatsongo tsongo hi nkarhi wa ku veleka niku tika, handle ka timhaka ta ku hundziseriwa ka embryo kumbe ku nyikela tandza, swi le rivaleni leswaku manana i mani. Hambiswiritano, yi tirhisiwa eka swiendlakalo swo hlaya swo fana na tinyimpi ta nawu laha ku veleka ka munhu ku tlhontlhiwaka, laha manana a nga tiyisekiki hikuva a nga vonanga n’wana wa yena nkarhi wo leha, kumbe laha vanhu lava feke va lavaka ku tiviwa. Hambileswi swinga vumbeki vumbhoni lebyi tshembekaka hiku helela, swihlawulekisi swo hlayanyana leswi velekiweke swo tanihi swiphemu swa tindleve leswi khomaneke, nhlohlorhi ya noni, kumbe xikandza lexi pandzekeke, swi nga ha tirha tanihi swikombiso swa nkarhinyana swa vutswari (leswi nga riki) tanihi leswi swi vonakaka hi ku olova naswona swi kumiwaka tanihi ndzhaka hiku tirhisa tijini leti lawulaka hi autosomal . Ndlela leyi tshembekaka swinene yo tiyisekisa vutswari iku kambisisa DNA (leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tanihi ku kandziyisa tintiho ta xitekela ). Hambiswiritano, tindlela ta khale ti katsa ku thayipa ntlawa wa ngati wa ABO, ku kambisisa tiphrotheyini tin’wana to hambanahambana ni ti enzyme, kumbe ku tirhisa ti antigen ta leukocyte ta vanhu . Tithekiniki ta sweswi to kambela vatatana ti tirhisa polymerase chain reaction na restriction fragment length polymorphism . Hambiswiritano, hi xiphemu lexikulu, ku kandziyisa tintiho ta xitekela ngopfu ku sivela swivumbeko swin’wana swo kambela. [[Category:Ndyangu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5vitctekl38mcxxt4gr56go8793zhj7 0 8305 43279 42928 2026-10-13T22:03:11Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43279 wikitext text/x-wiki Xidzidziharhi-Nhovolo Xidzidziharhi i ntshava kumbe mbhovo lowu nga pfurhaka wu humesa maribye mo hisa lama n'okeke na tigasi leti humaka ehansi ka misava.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lopes |first=Rosaly M.C |date=2010 |title=Volcanoes: A Beginner's Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoesbeginne0000lope |publisher=Oneworld Publications |isbn=9781851687251}}</ref> [[File:Tavurvur volcano edit.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Xidzidziharhi-Nhovolo]] Swivangelo leswikulu swa ku kuva na swidzidziharhi, ku famba ka tipuleti ta misava loko tipuleti ti hambana kumbe ti tlumbana, magma( maribye lama ya n'okeke) yi nga tlakuka yi hundza hi le xikarhi ka mikhwari ya misava. Maribye lawa ya n'okeke na tigasi swi hlengeleta ntshikelelo ehansi ka misava. Lokoko ntshikelelo wu kula ngopfu maribye lawa ya n'okekeya nga tlakukela ehenhla ka misava. Mikhwarhi swi na na tibomo leti nga ehansi ka misava swi pfumelela maribye lama ya n'okeke leswaku ya huma. Swidzidziharhi swin'wana swi vumbeka loko swilo swo hisa ngopfu swi tlakuka swi huma swinene endzeni ka misava kutani swi n'okisa maribye ieswi pfumelelaka magma ku fika ehenhla ka misava.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francies |first=Peter |date=1976 |title=Valcano |url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoes0000unse_z9f0 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9780140218978 |location=Harmondsworth, England}}</ref> Swiphiqo swa swidzidzihari hi leswaku vanhu va lahlekeriwa hi vutomi, ku pfurha ka swidzidziharhi swi nga dlaya vanhu na swiharhi, nkuma na maribye swi nga onha tiyindlu, tindlela na miako. Nkuma na tigasi leti humaka eka swidzidziharhi swi nga endala leswaku moya wuva ni khombo ku wu hefemula naswona nkuma wu nga ha tlhela wu onha masimu na swibyariwa. Vanhu va nga boheka ku rhurhisiwa emakya ya vona leswaku va baleka ku pfurha ka xidzidziharhi. Nkuma wa swidzidziharhi wu nga kavanyeta tindlela na ku famba hi swihahampfhuka. Ku pfurha ka swidzidziharhi ku nga vanga mihlambi ya ndzhope leyi nga ni khombona ku rheta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waters |first=Fiona |date=2005 |title=Volcanoes |url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoes0000wate |publisher=Hodder Wayland |isbn=0750247304 |location=London, England}}</ref> Mimpfuno ya swidzidziharhi eka vaakatiko hi leya ku nkuma wa swidzidziharhi wu nga endla leswaku misava yi va ni swakudya swo tala swo tala leswi pfunaka swi byariwa ku kula. Ku hisa loku humaka endzeni ka misava ku nga tirhisiwa ku endla gezi na ku hisa miako. Kupfurha ka swidzidziharhi ku nga endla swihlala leswintshwa na misava leyintshwa, tindhawu leti nga na swidzidziharhi ti nga ni timinerali ta na maribye ya nkoka. Swidzidziharhi swi nga koka vaendzi naswona swi nga endla leswaku ku va ni mintirho eka vaaki va le ndhawini. Swidzidziharhi swi pfuna vativi va seyense ku twisisa swinene misava na leswi nga endzeni ka yona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephanie |date=2007 |title=Volcano |url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoes0000turn |publisher=Usborne |isbn=9780746074824 |location=London, England}}</ref> <references /> lo8fontbqlciszzwv4gk9anmfm01bp0 0 8358 43268 43060 2026-10-13T21:57:16Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43268 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />   '''Vhinyo''' i swakunwa swa xihoko leswi endliweke hi juzi ya madiriva leyi virisiweke. [a] Yi humelerisiwa no nwiwa eka tindzhawu totala swinene emisaveni hinkwayo, hi tindlela tohambana hambana leti kuceteriwaka hi tinxaka tohambana hambana ta madiriva, tindzhawu to kurisela swibyariwa, tindlela ta viticulture, na tindlela ta vuhumelerisi. == Swikombo == * {{Cite book |last=Charters |first=Steve |date=2006 |title=Wine and Society |url=https://archive.org/details/winesocietysocia0000char |publisher=Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-0-7506-6635-0 |location=Oxford}} * {{Cite book |last=Demoissier |first=Marion |date=2010 |title=Wine Drinking Culture in France |url=https://archive.org/details/winedrinkingcult00demo |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-1-78316-122-5 |location=Cardiff}} * {{Cite book |last=Godfrey |first=Spence |date=2003 |title=Wine Tasting |publisher=Contemporary Books |location=Chicago |pages=1–3 |ol=18141471M}} * {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Hugh |date=1992 |title=Vintage: The Story of Wine |url=https://archive.org/details/vintagestoryofwi0000hugh |publisher=Simon and Schuster |pages=[https://archive.org/details/vintagestoryofwi0000hugh/page/86 86]–87 |ol=7665276M}} * {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Johnson (wine writer) |date=2019 |title=The World Atlas of Wine |last2=Robinson |first2=Jancis |author-link2=Jancis Robinson |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |isbn=978-1-78472-403-0 |edition=8th |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Mieder |first=Wolfgang |date=1989 |title=Folk Groups and Folklore Genres: A Reader |publisher=Utah State University Press |editor-last=Oring |editor-first=Elliott |location=Logan |pages=279–290 |chapter="Wine, Women and Song": From Martin Luther to American T-Shirts}} * {{Cite web|date=April 2024|title=State of the World Vine and Wine Sector in 2023|url=https://www.oiv.int/sites/default/files/2024-04/OIV_STATE_OF_THE_WORLD_VINE_AND_WINE_SECTOR_IN_2023.pdf|accessdate=4 February 2025|website=OIV|publisher=International Organisation of Vine and Wine|ref={{harvid|OIV|2024}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Rod |date=2000 |title=A Short History of Wine |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofwi0000phil |publisher=Ecco |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofwi0000phil/page/62 62]–63 |ol=3943121M}} * {{Cite book |year=2006 |title=The Oxford Companion to Wine |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-860990-2 |editor-last=Robinson |editor-first=Jancis |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |ol=7401546M}} * {{Cite book |last=Varriano |first=John |date=2011 |title=Wine: A Cultural History |url=https://archive.org/details/wineculturalhist0000varr |publisher=Reaktion Books |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/wineculturalhist0000varr/page/19 19] |ol=36780756M}} * {{Cite news |date=22 May 2019 |title=Canned Wine Comes of Age |url=https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523013513/https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |archive-date=23 May 2019 |access-date=23 May 2019 |work=Wine Spectator}} * {{Cite web|date=8 July 2024|title=The ultimate guide to wine bottle shapes and sizes|url=https://www.wsetglobal.com/knowledge-centre/blog/2024/july/08/the-ultimate-guide-to-wine-bottle-shapes-and-sizes/|accessdate=7 July 2025|website=WSET Global|language=en|ref={{harvid|WSET Global|2024}}}} [[Category:Vusweki]] brreowisvbpo5s7rggjng6ayzu7nc9f 0 8380 43269 43263 2026-10-13T21:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43269 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Saladi ya xipinichi''' i saladi leyingana [[Xipinachi|xipinichi]] tani hi xitirhisiwa xa yona lexikulu. EUS, matirhelo lema ambariweke hi biriviri na nyama yo bava na soso ya saladi leyi yi onhaka nyana spinach ayi tsakeriwa ngopfu hiva 1970s kuya fika hiva 1980s naswona yivuriwa hi vito ra xiyimo xa le henhla. Mendlelo ya kona eka swakudya swa Persia, Georgia na Chinese, naswona matirhelo yale US ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1900s ayi tirhisa xipinichi lexi swekiweke eka [[Molded salad|saladi leyi vumbiweke]] . == Switirhisiwa, ku lulamisiwa na ku phamela == [[File:Salad_fixins_(3368228269).jpg|thumb| Xipinichi lexi hlantswiweke, nyama yo swekiwa leyi oxiweke, tandza ni tinyala swi vekeriwe ku endla saladi ya xipinichi.]] Swilo leswi engetelekeke leswi tolovelekeke swi katsa matamatisi, tandza, chizi, ti- almond leti tsemiweke, ti- walnut ni/kumbe ti berries letintshwa kumbe leti omisiweke, to tanihi cranberry kumbe strawberry . Salad ya xipinichi ni tindlela ta yona to hambana-hambana swi nga ha endleka ku ri yin’wana ya tisaladi leti vanhu vo tala va ti tsakelaka. Salad ya xipinichi hi ntolovelo yi phameriwa na bacon yo kufumela kumbe viniga na soso, kambe ku hambana a ku heli. <ref name="Simply">{{Cite book |last=Jennifer Chandler |year=2007 |title=Simply Salads: More than 100 Creative Recipes You Can Make in Minutes from Prepackaged Greens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5H7_p9yKQMcC&dq=spinach+salad&pg=PA248 |publisher=Thomas Nelson Inc. |isbn=9781418577742 |page=19 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> <ref name="JOC">{{Cite book |last=Irma S. Rombauer |year=1997 |title=Joy of Cooking, 1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbyW2LeXIOkC&dq=spinach+salad&pg=PA213 |last2=Marion Rombauer Becker |last3=Ethan Becker |last4=Maria Guarnaschelli |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780684818702 |location=New York, New York USA |pages=213–214 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> Saladi yinga phameriwa tani hi swakudya leswikulu kumbe swakudya swale tlhelo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Musgrave|first=Christina|date=2021-07-26|title=Warm Spinach Salad Recipe|url=https://www.mashed.com/466040/warm-spinach-salad-recipe/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Static Media|Mashed]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Denby|first=Laura|date=20 December 2023|title=14 Spinach Salad Recipes That Are Hearty Enough for a Fast Weeknight Meal|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/photos/spinach-salad-recipes|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Food Network]]|language=en}}</ref> Vuhundzuluxeri bya xiyimo xale henhla lebyingana nyama yo bava ya soso hi ntolovelo byi phameriwa byi kufumela; yi endliwe hi xipinichi lexi vupfeke tani hi switirhisiwa leswikulu, kambe loko xipinichi xa n’wana xi sungula ku kumeka eka switolo leswikulu xi sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swakudya. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Melissa|authorlink=Melissa Clark|date=28 November 2016|title=A Warm Spinach Salad, Wearing Pancetta and Egg|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/dining/warm-spinach-salad-pancetta-egg.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Maendlelo ya 1983 ra ''New York Times'' leri endliweke hi Florence Fabricant hi ku tirhisa xipinichi lexi vupfeke a ri lava leswaku xipinichi xi hlantswiwa, xi omisiwa ni ku handzuriwa xi va swiphemu-phemu xi nga si ambariwa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabricant|first=Florence|authorlink=Florence Fabricant|date=6 March 1983|title=Popeye's Favorite Food is Even Better Fresh|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/06/nyregion/food-popeye-s-favorite-vegetable-is-even-better-fresh.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Ku duma ka vanhu == Ku duma ka saladi ya xipinichi swi nga ha endleka ku ve kona hikuva xipinichi i xin’wana xa swimilana swo sungula swa rihlaza ra saladi leswi humelelaka hi ximun’wana eka [[Ku kufumela|maxelo yo kufumela]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Puck|first=Wolfgang|authorlink=Wolfgang Puck|date=27 January 2010|title=An opportunity to bring back warm spinach salad|url=https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/lifestyle/food/2010/01/27/an-opportunity-to-bring-back/21481931007/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Columbia Daily Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2019-05-08|title=Dining In: Spinach is here, as fresh as it gets|url=https://buckscountyherald.com/stories/dining-in-spinach-is-here-as-fresh-as-it-gets,1281|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[The Bucks County Herald]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425144502/https://buckscountyherald.com/stories/dining-in-spinach-is-here-as-fresh-as-it-gets,1281|archive-date=2024-04-25|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Loko ku nga si tolovelekile ku rhumeriwa ka swibyariwa leswi nga efrijini swa mpfhuka wo leha, lava tshamaka eka maxelo laha rihlaza ra matluka a ri nga kumeki lembe hinkwaro a va langutele hi mahlo ngati ku humelela ka rihlaza ro sungula leri onhakaka ro tanihi xipinichi na asparagus. Xipinichi xi humelela emahlweni ka ti dandelion greens, leti a ti ri rihlaza ra saladi ra ndhavuko ra le Yuropa ra le ku sunguleni ka ximun’wana na rona hakanyingi a ri ambariwa hi bacon dressing yo hisa, ngopfu-ngopfu eJarimani. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-21|title=Spinach Salad with Hot Bacon Dressing|url=https://www.saveur.com/article/Recipes/Spinach-Salad-with-Hot-Bacon-Dressing/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Saveur]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2011-09-19|title=Best Wine to Pair With Spinach Salad|url=https://www.intowine.com/best-wine-pair-spinach-salad|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[IntoWine]]|language=en}}</ref> xiye leswaku ku humelela ka xipinichi xa n’wana eswitolo leswikulu, leswi herisaka xilaveko xo hlamba, ku susa swirhabyani ni ku tsemelela matluka lama vupfeke lama dyaka nkarhi, swi engetele ku tiyimisela ka yena ku khoma swakudya leswi tanihi ndlela yo dya swakudya swa nimadyambu swa vhiki. <ref name=":6" /> Saveur, Southern Living, The New York Times na TheKitchn va vule leswaku saladi ya xipinichi leyi ambariweke hi bacon yo hisa i ya xiyimo xa le henhla . <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Brownfield|first=Elizabeth|date=19 April 2023|title=Spinach Salad With Warm Bacon Dressing|url=https://www.southernliving.com/spinach-salad-with-warm-bacon-dressing-7377765|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Southern Living]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223013631/https://www.southernliving.com/spinach-salad-with-warm-bacon-dressing-7377765|archive-date=2024-02-23|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Crowder|first=Sarah E.|date=1 May 2019|title=Spinach Salad with Warm Brown Butter Dressing|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/recipe-spinach-salad-with-warm-brown-butter-dressing-210869|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Kitchn]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":6" /> == Ku hambana ka swilo == Spanakit i saladi ya xipinichi leyi humaka ePeresiya ; vito ra yona ri kombetela eka rito ra Xiperesiya ''leri nge aspanakh'', kumbe xipinichi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Nathan |first=Joan |author-link=Joan Nathan |date=2017-04-04 |title=King Solomon's Table: A Culinary Exploration of Jewish Cooking from Around the World: A Cookbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfGmDAAAQBAJ&q=king+solomon%27s+table |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-385-35115-7 |pages=339–342 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Joan|title=Racha's Spinach Salad with Walnuts and Cilantro (Spanakit)|url=https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2017/05/09/racha-s-spinach-salad-with-walnuts-and-cilantro-spanakit|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[Splendid Table]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |date=2014-01-01 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001}}</ref> Kuya hi Joan Nathan i "recipe ya khale swinene". <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Xibya lexi xina xipinichi lexi gayeriweke na tinyawa leti gayeriweke. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Le Dongbei, eChayina, saladi ya xipinichi lexi blanched ni tinyawa yi tolovelekile naswona hi ntolovelo yi tirhisiwa tanihi swakudya swo nandziha. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sin|first=Lucas|date=27 July 2022|title=Chinese Spinach and Peanut Salad|url=https://www.seriouseats.com/chinese-spinach-and-peanut-salad-recipe-6265685|accessdate=2024-04-11|website=[[Serious Eats]]|language=en}}</ref> Ispanakhi Matsvnit i saladi ya le Georgia ya [[Xipinachi|xipinichi]] lexi swekiweke ni lexi tsemiweke lexi pfanganisiweke ni yoghurt . [[File:Wilted_Spinach_Salad_(7562739944).jpg|thumb| Salad ya xipinichi leyi omeke]] Hi ku ya hi Alton Brown, saladi ya xipinichi leyi ambariweke hi bacon dressing yo kufumela kumbexana yi sungule exikarhi ka Madachi ya le Pennsylvania . <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":5" /> Kuhambana ka salad leyingana hot bacon dressing, leyi nakambe yivuriwa ''saladi ya xipinichi xa omeke'', yisungule ku duma hiva 1970s e United States naswona hakanyingi ayi katsa ti canned mandarin oranges, xitshopana cheese na matandza lawa ya virisiweke hiku tiya. <ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Arabian|first=Melissa|authorlink=Melissa d'Arabian|date=2 June 2015|title=Take the '70s out of wilted spinach salad|url=https://www.cjonline.com/story/entertainment/local/2015/06/02/take-70s-out-wilted-spinach-salad/16628902007/|accessdate=2024-04-10|website=[[The Topeka Capital-Journal]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Salad ya spinach leyingana hot bacon dressing yitshame yirikarhi yitsakeriwa kuya fika hiva 1980s kambe ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 2000s ayi humile eka xitayili; kuya hi Wolfgang Puck a tsala hi 2010, "Ufanele ku rhumela nkhuvo wo lavisisa leswaku uta kuma wun'we eka ti restaurant ta kahle masiku lawa." Puck u ringanyete leswaku saladi leyi ayi kumeka hinkwako laha "vanhu ava hisa hi yona". <ref name=":2" /> == Matimu == Ti recipe ta saladi ya xipinichi eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-20 a ti hambanile swinene ni ta manguva lawa; ematshan’weni ya saladi leyintshwa swakudya leswi a ku ri saladi leyi vumbiweke leyi endliweke hi xipinichi lexi swekiweke. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mower |first=Robin M. |date=2013 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_b8r0 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973496-2 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Andrew F. |edition=2nd |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_b8r0/page/350 350] |chapter=Spinach}}</ref> == Nakambe vona == * Sopo ya xipinichi * Nxaxamelo wa tisaladi == leswi tirhisiweke == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saladi ya xipinichi]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] o9y3q50vbyfej0s44n5vxg8gjy6t7ia 0 8390 43274 43265 2026-10-13T22:00:22Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43274 wikitext text/x-wiki Xibalesa Xibalesa i xitirhisiwa lexi tirhisiwaka ku hlasela, lexi tirhisaka mbumburiso kumbe swin'wana ku hoxa swirhumbana hi rivilo lerikulu. swibamu swi tirhisiwa ngopfu hi masocha, maphorisa ni laha swi pfumeleriweke hi nawu, ku hlota noku tlanga mintlangu yo duvula.<ref>{{Cite book |last=DK |date=2014 |title=Firearms: An Illustrated History |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=9781465416056 |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> [[File:Rifle CoA element 1.svg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xibamu]] Swibamu swi sungule ku endliwa eka madzana yo tala ya malembe lama ya hundzeke. Swibamu swo sungula swi humelerile eChina lembe xidzana ra vu-13, endzhaku ka ku tirhisiwa na ku tumbuluxiwa ka phamu. Swibamu swa khale a swi ri switirhisiwa swo dzana ya olova leswi endliwekehi swilo swo fana ni nsimbi kumbe bambu. Eka malembe ya xidzana ya vu-14 na vu-15, swibamu swi hangaleke ka eYuropo ni le ka tindhawu to fana na Asia. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, swibamu swi antswile naswona swi ve leswi oloveke ku swi tirhisa. K u tirhisiwa ka matchlock, flintlock ni hi ku famba ka nkarhi percussion cap swi answise ndlela leyi swibamu a swi duvula ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chivers |first=C.J |date=2010 |title=The Gun |url=https://archive.org/details/gun00chiv |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780743271735 |location=New York, USA}}</ref> Eka lembe xidzana ra vu-19, ku endliwa ka swibamu hi muchini swi endlile leswaku ku va ni lu cimca lokukulu, ku fana na revolver, rifle ni swibamu leswi kotaka ku duvula ko tala. Eka lembe ra xidzana ra vu-20 swibamu swiye swi antswa naswona swi tirhisiwile ngopfu eka tinyimpi. Namuntlha, ku ni mixaka yo hambana ya swibamu naswona ku tirhisiwa ka swona swi lawuriwa hi milawu leyi hambanaka ematikweni yo hambana.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ezell |first=Edward Clinton |date=1983 |title=Small Arms of the world |url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld0000ezel_12ed |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=9780811704973}}</ref> <references /> 5knn133c8gspox5bvnmlw1vxf7xzq0t 0 8453 43275 43230 2026-10-13T22:00:40Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261013)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gotland-Bottarve_Museumshof_07.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Mabakiti ya swihlovo swa mati]] Bakiti hi ntolovelo i silindara leyi nga tsakamekii, leyi yimisiweke kumbe khoni leyi tsemiweke kumbe xikwere, leyi nga ni le henhla loku pfulekeke ni le hansi ko phambarhela lexi khomanisiweke ni xikhomela xo rhwala xa xirhendzevutana hafu lexi vuriwaka ''beyili'' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Bucket|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bucket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909115533/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bucket|archive-date=9 September 2013|accessdate=23 August 2013|publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |year=1993 |title=Random House Unabridged Dictionary p |url=https://archive.org/details/randomhouseunabr0000unse |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-679-42917-4 |editor-last=Flexner |editor-first=Stuart |edition=second |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/randomhouseunabr0000unse/page/271 271] |type=hardcover |editor-last2=Hauck |editor-first2=epmpre}}</ref> Hi ntolovelo bakiti i xibye lexi pfulekeke ehenhla. Loko ku kongomisiwa eka xikepe xo rhumela, rito "pheyili" ri tirhisiwa tanihi rito ra xithekiniki, hi ku kongoma ri kombetela eka phasela ra xivumbeko xa bakiti leri nga na le henhla kumbe xifunengeto lexi pfaleriweke, leri tirhisiwaka tanihi xigwitsirisi xo fambisa tikhemikhali na switirhisiwa swa tiindasitiri. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Soroka |first=W |title=Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology |url=http://www.iopp.org/i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=1 |publisher=Institute of Packaging Professionals |edition=Second |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129074725/http://www.iopp.org/i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=1 |archive-date=2011-01-29 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mabakiti ya tirhisiwa ku khawulela, ku khoma kumbe ku rhwala swilo leswi nga ni mati ni swilo leswi tiyeke. <ref name=":0" /> Mabakiti yanga tlhela ya tirhisiwa ku hlayisa swakudya swa nkarhi woleha. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Durado|first=John|date=22 February 2017|title=Gamma Lids for Long Term Storage|url=http://www.pyramidreviews.com/product-reviews/outdoors-survival/gamma-lids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124752/http://www.pyramidreviews.com/product-reviews/outdoors-survival/gamma-lids/|archive-date=3 March 2017|accessdate=3 March 2017|website=Pyramid Reviews - Prepping for Life}}</ref> Tanihi yuniti ya mpimo leyi nga ha tirhisiwiki, kwalomu ka xihlovo xin’we xi tsala ‘bakiti’ tani hi leri ringanaka na {{Convert|4|impgal}} . <ref name="The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey">{{Cite book |last=Klein |first=Herbert Arthur |date=3 December 2012 |title=The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CrmuSiCFyikC&pg=PA46 |publisher=Courier Corporation |isbn=9780486144979 |access-date=May 23, 2018}}</ref> == Nakambe hi vona == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * Bakiti ra Bobrinski * Bakiti ra Giberville * Brigade ya mabakiti * Xigwitsirisi xa malahla * Mop * Pail (xibya) . * Kuna Xirhendzevutani xa Bakiti ra Mina * Veronica Bakiti ra Xitsonga 09icf4qsdg7e1rcnchmin65xty5gx35