Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2723 43284 43167 2026-10-19T21:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261019sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afrika''' i tiko-nkulu ra vumbirhi hi ku anama a misaveni hikwayo na vumbirhi bya vutsongo bya vaaki endzhaku ka [[Axiya|Asia]] . Kwa lomu ka 30.3&nbsp;miliyoni wa tikhilomitara ² (11.7&nbsp;miliyoni ya swikwere&nbsp;miles) loko hi hlanganisa na swihlala leswi nga ekusuhi, yi hlanganisa kwalomu ka 20% wa ndhawu ya misava ya [[Misava]] na 6% wa ndhawu ya yona hinkwayo ya le henhla. Hi kwalomu ka 1.4 wa tibiliyoni ta vatshami va misava, vaaki va Afrika i vatsongo ku tlula matiko-nkulu; <ref>{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=17 August 2015 |title=5 ways the world will look dramatically different in 2100 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926194109/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/ |archive-date=26 September 2017 |access-date=26 September 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=[[Njideka Harry|Harry]] |first=Njideka U. |date=11 September 2013 |title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920184934/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html |archive-date=20 September 2013 |access-date=27 September 2013 |work=HuffPost}}</ref> malembe ya le xikarhi hi 2012 a ya ri 19.7, loko malembe yale xikarhi ya misava hinkwayo aya ri 30.4. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Janneh, Abdoulie|date=April 2012|title=item, 4 of the provisional agenda&nbsp;– General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110111359/http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2013|accessdate=15 December 2015|publisher=United Nations Economic Commission for Africa}}</ref> Hiku ya hi swiringanyeto swa 2024, vaaki va Afrika vata tlula 3.8 wa tibiliyoni ta vanhu hi 2100. <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 11, 2024|title=Population by world region|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-regions-with-projections|accessdate=October 8, 2024|website=Our World in Data}}</ref> Afrika i tiko-nkulu leri nga fuwangiki ngopfu leri nga riki na vaaki hi munhu un’we naswona i ra vumbirhi leri fuweke hi rifuwo hinkwaro, ri rhangela [[Oxiyeniya|Oceania]] . Swidyondzi swi vule leswaku leswi swi vangiwa hi swilo swo hambana ku katsa na ntivo-misava, maxelo, <ref name="Africa Slow" /> vukungundzwana, <ref name="Africa Slow">{{Cite journal |last=Collier |first=Paul |last2=Gunning |first2=Jan Willem |date=1 August 1999 |title=Why Has Africa Grown Slowly? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-perspectives_summer-1999_13_3/page/3 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=3–22 |doi=10.1257/jep.13.3.3 |issn=0895-3309 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Mphika-makaneta yo fuma Afrika|vukoloni]], Nyimpi yo Pfumala Vuxaka, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alemazung |first=Joy Asongazoh |date=1 September 2010 |title=Post-colonial colonialism: an analysis of international factors and actors marring African socio-economic and political development |url=http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol3no10/3.10Post-Colonial.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Pan African Studies |volume=3 |issue=10 |pages=62–85 |s2cid=140806396 |id={{Gale|A306596751}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127024827/http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol3no10/3.10Post-Colonial.pdf |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayeh |first=Endalcachew |date=February 2015 |title=The political and economic legacy of colonialism in the post-independence African states |journal=International Journal in Commerce, IT & Social Sciences |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=89–93 |doi=10.4000/poldev.78 |s2cid=198939744 |doi-access=free}}</ref> na vukoloni lebyintshwa . Ku nga khathariseki nhlayo leyi ya le hansi ya rifuwo, ikhonomi ya Afrika i kaya ra matiko yo tala ya ikhonomi leyi kulaka hi xihatla emisaveni . Afrika yi tsemakanya equator na prime meridian . Tiko-nkulu leri ri rhendzeriwa hi [[Lwandle ra Meditera|Lwandle ra Mediteraniya]] en’walungwini, Arabian plate na Gulf of Aqaba en’walungu-vuxa, Lwandle ra Indiya edzonga-vuxa na Lwandle ra Atlantic evupela-dyambu. [[Furhwa|Furwa]], [[Ithali|Italy]], Portugal, [[Spaniya|Spain]], na Yemen tini swiphemu swa [[Matiko ya Afrika|tindhawu ta tona leti kumekaka emisaveni ya ntivo-misava ya Afrika]], ngopfungopfu hi xivumbeko xa swihlala. Tiko-nkulu ri katsa [[Madagascar]] ni swihlala swo hambana-hambana. Yina [[Matiko ya Afrika|54 wa matiko lama amukeriweke hiku helela lama tifumaka]], madoroba ya tsevu na swihlala leswi nga xiphemu xa matiko lama nga riki ya Afrika, na matiko mambirhi lama tiyimeleke ''hi xiviri'' lama nga na ku amukeriwa loku nga nyawuriki kumbe ku nga amukeriwi . Ku hlayiwa loku aku katsi [[Malta]] na [[Sicily]], leswi hi tlhelo ra ntivo-misava swi nga xiphemu xa tiko-nkulu ra Afrika. [[Algeriya|Algeria]] i tiko leri nkulu hi kuya hi ndhawu, naswona [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]] iyi nkulu swinene hi nhlayo ya vaaki. Matiko ya tirhisana hiku simekiwa ka [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika|Nhlangano wa Afrika]], lowu nga na ntsindza eAddis Ababa . [[Category:Afrika]] tgi82cfsod4gt19taf49tmqd09atqho 0 5924 43287 42152 2026-10-20T00:34:06Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 43287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bio|caption=Blum hi lembe ra 2007}} '''William Henry Blum''' (<span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</span>; u velekiwe hi ti 6 ta Machi, 1933 – a lova hi ti 9 ta Disemba, 2018) a a ri mutsari wa tibuku wa Amerika, n'wamatimu, na musori wa endlelo ra mfumo wa United States foreign policy. A a tshama e-[[Washington, DC]].<ref name="Montgomery">{{cite news|first=David|last=Montgomery|date=January 21, 2006|title=The Author Who Got A Big Boost From bin Laden|work=The Washington Post|pages=C01|id=|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/20/AR2006012001971.html}}</ref> == Vutomi bya yena emasungulweni == Blum u velekiwe eBrooklyn, eNew York City, a velekiwa hi Ruth (née Katz) na-Isidore Blum, lava a va ri vanhu va Majuda yo huma etikweni ra [[Polendi|Poland]] (Polish Jewish immigrants). Tatana wa yena a a ri mutirhi wo tirha hi michini. U hete tidyondzo ta yena e-Erasmus Hall High School na swona a kuma digri ya accountancy hi lembe ra 1955 ku suka eka City College School of Business and Civic Administration, leyi ka ndzhaku yi nga tiviwa tani hi Baruch College of the City University of New York.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/obituaries/william-blum-dead.html|title=William Blum, U.S. Policy Critic Cited by bin Laden, Dies at 85|work=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2018|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Langer">{{cite news|last=Langer|first=Emily|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/william-blum-policy-critic-of-us-praised-by-osama-bin-laden-dies-at-85/2018/12/13/d634f72e-fe13-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html|title=William Blum, policy critic of U.S. praised by Osama bin Laden, dies at 85|work=The Washington Post|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018}}</ref> U sungule ku tirha tani hi computer programmer a tirhela IBM, ka ndzhaku u ve a takiwa hi ndzawulo ya mfumo State Department ku tirhela vona. A a ri munhu wo tiyimisela swinene na swona a a lava ku va muofisara wo tirhela ndzawulo ya mfumo eka timhaka ta le handle ka tiko ku nga foreign service officer tani hi laha a nga hlamusela hi kona leswo a ta va muchiviriki wo lwa na vukomunisi hi leswi tivekaka tani hi to, "take part in the great anti-Communist crusade". Kambe Blum u ve a khunguvanyisiwa hi nyimpi ya Amerika yo lwa na tiko ra [[Vietnam]] yo tiveka tani hi Vietnam War na swona u ve a tshika ku tirhela mfumo hi lembe ra 1967. == muviki wa mahungu == Eka nkarhi lowu a a sungule ku vika hi ta ku chivirika (tiprotesti) to phikizana na nyimbi ya Vietnam, na swona u ve musunguri na muhleri wa nyuziphepha ya ''Washington Free Press'', leyi a a ku ri nyuziphepha yo  humesiwa kambirhi hi vhiki, na swona a yi tekangi nkarhi wo leha ya ha ri kona. Hi lembe ra1969, u ve a tsala matsalwa hyo paluxa mitirho yo biha ya CIA laha a nga paluxa mavito na tiadrese ta vatirhi va CIA vo ringana nhlayo ya 200. U ve a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu loyi a nga tirheki hi xitalo ku nga freelance journalist eUnited States, e-Europe na le South America. Exikarhi ka malembe ya 1972–1973, Blum a a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu etikweni ra [[Chile]] laha a nga vika hi mfumo wa Allende wa matshalatshala ya ku sungula soxalizimu ku nga "socialist experiment". Exikarhi ka malembe ya1970s, a a tirha eLondon na loyi khale ka yena a a ri muofisara wa CIA Philip Agee na vanakulorhi va yena "eka projeke ya vona yo paluxa vatirhi va CIA na vubihi byo homboloko lebyi va byi endla".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Blum's ZSpace Page |url=http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2008-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531004211/http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>''[[:en:Z Magazine|Z Magazine]]'' online, accessed May 31, 2008.</ref> A a tiwundla hi matsalwa ya yena no famba a vulavula lomu tikhempasi ta tikholichi. Eka tibuku ta yena na tikholomu ta online, Blum u paluxe swinene vubihi bya mitirho yo tsalanganya matiko man'wana no vanga mpfilumpfilu eka matiko man'wana leswi swi endliwaka hi CIA na swikungu swo dlayetela vanhu leswi a va swi endla eka matiko man'wana. Noam Chomsky u ri tibuku ta Blum hi maendlelo ya vubihi bya CIA i to antswa swinene ngopfu eka nhloko mhaka ya vubihi bya CIA."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115192422/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Blum u seketela pfhumba ra  Ralph Nader ra ku va presidente.<ref>Blum, William [http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/01/on-liberals-phil-agee-and-the-9-11-truth-movement/ On Liberals, Phil Agee, and the 9-11 Truth Movement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924053640/http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/01/on-liberals-phil-agee-and-the-9-11-truth-movement/ |date=2014-09-24 }}, ''Dissident Voice'', January 14, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2008.</ref> U ve a sungula na pfhumba ro tsala matsalwa lama a ya humesa n'hweti yin'wana na yin'wana eka matsalwa lama a nga ma vitana"The Anti-Empire Report" lama a ma rhumela hi tiemeyili. Blum u hlamusele xikongomelonkulu xa vutumi bya yena tani hi: "Loko a nga koti ku heta American Empre kambe a kota ku yi nonokisa no yi tsotsombisa eka matirhelo ya yona ya vubihi . Ku ringeta ku vavisa xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi. Xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi ku nga American Empire, xa vavisa no twisa matiko ya [[misava]] ku va va ngopfu no onhetela emisaveni hinkwayo." === Xitatimende hi Osama bin Laden === Ekusunguleni ka 2006, Blum ku ve ku tsariwa hi yena ngopfu eka vamahungu loko Osama bin Laden a humesile xitatimende lexi a nga xi hangalasela hinkwavo eka public statement laha a nga tshaha eka matsalwa ya Blum no byeletela vanhu leswo vanhu va Amerika hinkwavo va fanele ku hlaya buku ya Blum ya nhlokomhaka leyi nge: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower''. Hikokwalaho ka xitatimende lexi xa Osam bin Laden, nxavo wa buku leyi wu ve wu tlakuka swinene . "Ndzi ve hlamala ngopfu no tshuka ku twa leswi Osama bin Laden a nga swi vula," Blum a nyiketa miehleketo. "A ndzi tsakile. Ndzi swi tivile leswaku leswi swi ta pfuneta nxaviso wa buku, na swona a ndzi nga karhatekangi hi leswo xana i mani loyi a a vule marito lawa." Loko a ri na miehleketo  yo fana na ya mina yo venga mafambiselo yo biha ya pholisi ya US eka matiko man'wana, a ndzi nga ta holova na yena hi ku va a byerile vanhu ku hlaya buku ya mina. Ndzi ehleketa leswo i mhaka leyinene leswo u na miehleketo yo fana na ya mina eka mhaka leyi ya vubihi bya pholisi ya Amerika eka matiko man'wana "<ref>{{cite news|date=January 21, 2006|title=Bin Laden plug boosts book sales|work=Sydney Morning Herald|agency=Reuters|url=http://smh.com.au/news/world/bin-laden-plug-boosts-book-sales/2006/01/21/1137734175551.html}}</ref> Eka ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi Bin, leswi swi fana na ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi munhu wo tiveka wo fana na Oprah book." ku angula Blum eka mhaka leyi. Eka inthavhyu leyi a nga va na yona eka MSNBC ''Countdown'', u vule leswo: "Hi ntiyiso wa mhaka, leswi vangelaka rivengo ra matheroristi eka Amerika, i pholisi ya tihanyi eka matiko man'wana. I swilo swa tihanyi leswi hi swi endleka eka matiko man'wana leswi endlaka leswo matiko ya misava ya venga mafambiselo ya hina eka vona. Leswi swi vuriwaka hi va ntsindza wa White House na leswi va hi byelaka swona leswo vanhu va venga nchunxeko na xidimokrasi xa hina, leswi va swi vulaka va ntsindza, i propaganda ya mavunwa ntsena."<ref>{{cite news|last=Oliver|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2006/jan/23/osamabinladen|title=Osama bin Laden recommends|work=The Guardian|date=January 23, 2006|access-date=December 10, 2018}}</ref> Hi ti  ta Meyi 22, 2006 eka tsalwa ra nhlokomhaka leyi nge, "Come Out of the White House With Your Hands Up", Blum u tsale leswo, "Ku sukela loko bin Laden a bumabumele leswo vanhu va Amerika va fanele ku hlaya buku ya mina hi ti 19 ta Januwari (Sunguti), a ndzi si tshama ndzi rhambia na kan'we lomu tikholichi ku ta nyiketa mimbulavulo. . . . Hambiloko hakanyingi, nkarhi lowu wa Januwari-Meyi wu va ka nkarhi lowu ndzi tshamaka ndzi ri bhizi ngopfu hi wona ku nyiketa mimbulavulo eka tikhempasi ta tikholichi." == Ku lova == Blum u love hi ti 9 ta Disemba (N'wendzamhala), 2018 a a ri eArlington, Virginia u love hi ku tsandzeka ka tinso kidney failure ku tirha kahle, a a ri na malembe ya 85 na swona a a vavisekile endzhaku ka ku wa eka apartment eka tin'hweti timbirhi ta ku hundza. == Tibuku leti a nga titsala == * 1986: ''The CIA: A Forgotten History'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}ISBN{{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}0-86232-480-7 * 2000: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}1-56751-194-5 * 2002: ''West-Bloc Dissident: A Cold War Memoir'' (Soft Skull Press) {{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}1-56751-306-9 * 2003: ''Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II'', revised edition ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}1-56751-252-6 * 2004: ''Freeing the World to Death: Essays on the American Empire'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) * 2013: ''America's Deadliest Export: Democracy - The Truth About US Foreign Policy and Everything Else'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}, {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}1-78032-445-6 == Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya == * [https://williamblum.org/ William Blum] * [https://covertactionmagazine.com/index.php/2018/08/11/american-exceptionalism-the-naked-truth/ American Exceptionalism: The Naked Truth by William Blum] at [https://covertactionmagazine.com/ CovertAction Magazine] * [https://www.counterpunch.org/author/qeph2sp/ William Blum's articles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804202130/https://www.counterpunch.org/author/qeph2sp/ |date=2018-08-04 }} at CounterPunch * [https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/william-blum/ William Blum's articles] at Foreign Policy Journal * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926014736/http://www.zcommunications.org/zspace/billblum William Blum's articles] at Z Communications (archive.org) * [https://www.globalresearch.ca/author/william-blum William Blum's articles] at the Centre for Research on Globalization * [http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm ''America's most feared man''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604085418/http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm |date=2019-06-04 }} Interview with Nerve Magazine, Issue 2, Summer 2003 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180704124810/https://www.counterpunch.org/2003/08/12/myth-and-denial-in-the-war-on-terrorism/ ''Myth and Denial in the War on Terrorism''] Article on CounterPunch, August 12, 2003 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061122081722/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/blumcspan01282006/ ''William Blum in the Media Whirlwind''] Appearance on C-SPAN's call-in show ''Washington Journal, '' Jan. 28, 2006 == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Vanhu]] {{Lifetime|1933|2018|William Blum}} tbzu7cn26zk6fz8or3ddfdcuilvefsq 0 6240 43286 39481 2026-10-20T00:24:09Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 43286 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ [[File:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg|350px|thumb|Ku hangalaka ka ntungu wa khorona ya 2019 (COVID-19), kuya hi ntsengo wa va aka tiko.</br> {{legend|#510000| 10,000 na kutlula}} {{legend|#900000| 1,000–9,999}} {{legend|#c80200| 100–999}} {{legend|#ee7070| 10–99}} {{legend|#ffC0C0| 1–9}} ]] '''Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2020''', lowu thlelaka wu tiviwaka hi ra '''Ntungu wa xitsongwatsongwana xa khorona''', i ntungu lowu endlekaka wa [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019]] (COVID‑19), lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana le xi hlaselaka swirho swo hefemula xa khorona ya muxaka wa vumbirhi (SARS‑CoV‑2).<ref name="WHO name">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> Ntungu lowu wu tsumburiwe ro sungula edorobheni ra Wuhan, e [[Chayina]], hi N'wendzamhala wa n'wexemo 2019.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10223 | pages = 497–506 | date = February 2020 }}</ref> Nhlangano wa matiko wa swarihanyo (WHO) wu tivise vuvabyi lebyi tani hi mhangu ya xihantla ya misava hi 30 Sunguti 2020, naswona wuthlela wu tivisa ntungu hi 11 Nyenyakulu 2020. kusukela hi 26 Mudyaxihi 2020 timhangu to tlula 5.49 wa timiliyoni ti vikiwile hi matiko ya188, kuhlanganisa na ntsengo wo hundza 345,000 wa vanhu lava dlaweke hi vuvabyi lebyi. Hambiswiritano, ntsengo wa lava hanyeke endzhaku ko khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi wu le henhla ka 2.22 wa timiliyoni. Ntungu lowu wu kavanyete mahanyele na vubindzuri emisaveni hinkwayo,<ref name="NYT-20200229">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Here Comes the Coronavirus Pandemic: Now, after many fire drills, the world may be facing a real fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/opinion/sunday/corona-virus-usa.html |date=29 February 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |department=Editorial}}</ref> ku hlanganisa na ku hohloka ka swiyimiso swa timakete na ku xaviselana emisaveni.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/ |title=The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression |website=IMF Blog |access-date=23 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414220210/https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/ |archive-date=14 April 2020 |dead-url=yes}}</ref> Wu vange ku thleriseriwa endzhaku kumbe ku yimisiwa ka minthlango, vukhongeri, tipolotiki na mikhuvo ya ndzhavuko,<ref name="NYTcancellations">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cancelled-events-coronavirus.html |title=A List of What's Been Canceled Because of the Coronavirus |date=1 April 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> ku kayivela ka swixavisiwa na tinhundzu hikwalaho ko xava hi richuho,<ref name="W7Y6Y">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/18/supply-chain-experts-foods-that-could-be-less-available-in-pandemic.html |title=Why there will soon be tons of toilet paper, and what food may be scarce, according to supply chain experts |last1=Scipioni |first1=Jade |date=18 March 2020 |publisher=CNBC|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="c5kOh">{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/coronavirus-disrupt-us-drug-supply-shortages-fda |title=The Coronavirus Outbreak Could Disrupt the U.S. Drug Supply |website=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> ku katsa na ku hunguteka ka mimusi leyi thyakisaka moya.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |last2=Kommenda |first2=Niko|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-pandemic-leading-to-huge-drop-in-air-pollution |title=Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution |date=23 March 2020 |work=The Guardian|access-date=8 April 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter |title=Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter |date=19 February 2020 |website=Carbon Brief |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> Swikolo, tiyunivhesithi, na makholichi swi pfariwile a matikweni yo tala ya misava laya ringanaka 177, naswona swi khumbe kwalomu ka 98.6 wa tiphesente ta machudeni.<ref name="UNESCO2020">{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures |title=COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response |date=4 March 2020 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Mahunguvun'wa hi ta xitsongatsongwana lexi ma hangalake na misava swonghasi,<ref name="r7xem">{{cite web |last1=Clamp |first1=Rachel|title=Coronavirus and the Black Death: spread of misinformation and xenophobia shows we haven't learned from our past |work=[[The Conversation]] |date=5 March 2020 |url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-and-the-black-death-spread-of-misinformation-and-xenophobia-shows-we-havent-learned-from-our-past-132802 |access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> naswona ku ve na timhangu ta xihlawuhlawu na ku hlaseriwa ka valuveri va vachayina kumbe la va sukaka ematikweni lawa ma ngana swiviko swo tala swa vuvabyi lebyi. Kuthlele ku vikiwa timhangu leti etikweni ra [[Chayina]] hi roxe, laha ku hlaseriweke valuveri lava va hehliweke hi ku tisa vuvabyi etikweni.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/chinas-racism-is-wrecking-its-success-in-africa/ |title=China's Racism Is Wrecking Its Success in Africa |first1=Celine |last1=Sui}}</ref><ref name="NYT Racism">{{cite news |last1=Tavernise |first1=Sabrina |last2=Oppel Jr |first2=Richard A.|title=Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/chinese-coronavirus-racist-attacks.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="guardian29032020">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/29/china-coronavirus-anti-foreigner-feeling-imported-cases |title='They see my blue eyes then jump back'—China sees a new wave of xenophobia |first1=Lily |last1=Kuo |first2=Helen |last2=Davidson|date=29 March 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> == Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke == {{reflist|3}} == Mintila ya le handle == === Tindzawulo ta swrihanyo === * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 COVID-19] ([http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Questions & Answers], [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG instructional videos]) by the World Health Organization * [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china COVID-19] ([http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers Q&A]) by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control * [http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html COVID-19] by the National Health Commission, China * [https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19 COVID-19] ([http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs Q&A] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624012453/https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs |date=2021-06-24 }}) by the Ministry of Health, Singapore * [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html COVID-19] ([https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html Q&A]) by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html Coronavirus Disease 2019] ([https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130 Q&A]) by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health === Swiviko na vulavisisi === * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports] and [https://who.sprinklr.com/ map] by the World Health Organization * [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ Coronavirus Resource Center], [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html map], and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] by Johns Hopkins University * [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/download-todays-data-geographic-distribution-covid-19-cases-worldwide Historical data about COVID-19 cases] published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) * [http://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808 World Travel Restrictions] based on WFP data * [https://covid.observer Coronavirus Observer] based on Johns Hopkins University data * [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic] published by Worldometer * [https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Statistics and Research] published by ''Our World in Data'' * [https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america COVID-19 Projections] for many countries published by Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation * [https://sites.google.com/site/covid19comparisongraphs/ Spreadsheets: Country comparisons] * [https://sites.google.com/site/pandemicdata/ Spreadsheets: Historical data with additional computations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527045325/https://sites.google.com/site/pandemicdata/ |date=2020-05-27 }} * [https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html Epidemic Calculator] * [https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/ Stat News Covid-19 Tracker] === Mahungu ya swarihanyo === * [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)] by ''JAMA'' * [https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus Coronavirus: News and Resources] by BMJ Publishing Group * [https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center Novel Coronavirus Information Center] by Elsevier * [https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus COVID-19 Resource Centre] by ''The Lancet'' * [https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus SARS‑CoV‑2 and COVID-19] by ''Nature'' * [https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus Coronavirus (Covid-19)] by ''The New England Journal of Medicine'' * [https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Covid-19: Novel Coronavirus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924195411/https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ |date=2020-09-24 }} by Wiley Publishing [[Category:Mavabyi]] [[Category:Mintungu]] 63c89f18mt2e4nmsvq7tj4h012rmlha 0 7806 43283 42725 2026-10-19T21:40:25Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261019sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Rcdo.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xiharhi]] '''Mpfundla''', leyi tiviwaka ngopfu hi ku saseka ka yona ni mahanyelo ya yona yo tlangela, i xiharhi leswitsongo lexi kumekaka eka tindhawu to hambanahambana emisaveni. Ti hundzuke vatlangi lava dumeke eka mintsheketo ya ndhavuko, tibuku ni vuhangalasi bya manguva lawa, naswona hakanyingi ti yimela vuhomboloki, ku navela ku tiva ni vutlhari byo hatlisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rabbit facts {{!}} Mammals {{!}} BBC Earth|url=https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/rabbit|website=www.bbcearth.com|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204220703/https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/rabbit|archive-date=2026-02-04|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> Le nhoveni, mimpfundla i xirho xa ndyangu wa Leporidae naswona ti tiveka hi milenge ya tona ya le ndzhaku leyi tiyeke, tindleve to leha ni misisi leyitsongo. Swivumbeko leswi swa miri swi ti pfuna ku twa khombo ivi ti baleka hi ku hatlisa hi ku tlula ni ku cinca ndlela hi xihatla. I [[swiharhi]] leswi dyaka swimilani ntsena, naswona swakudya swa tona swi katsa ngopfu byanyi, makamba ni matsavu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=what is a rabbit?|url=https://www.runinrabbit.com/pages/what-is-a-rabbit|website=rabbit|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|last=rabbit}}</ref> Mimpfundla yi tlhela yi rhandziwa tanihi swifuwo hikwalaho ka mahanyelo ya tona yo olova ni ku rhandza ku hanya ni van’wana. Loko yi hlayisiwa kahle<ref>{{Cite web|title=15 rabbit facts you probably didn't know!|url=https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/rabbit/wellbeing-and-care/facts-about-rabbits|website=Blue Cross|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}</ref>, ku katsa swakudya leswi ringaneke, vutshamo lebyi sirhelelekeke ni ku kamberiwa hi dokodela wa swiharhi nkarhi na nkarhi, mimpfundla ya le kaya yi nga hanya malembe yo tala naswona yi nga aka vuxaka lebyi tiyeke ni vini va yona. Hambi yi tshama ehlathini, eswivandleni swa byanyi kumbe emakaya, mimpfundla yi ya emahlweni yi tsakisa vanhu emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku hanya ka yona loku hanyaka ni loku rhandzekaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 hopping fun rabbit facts!|url=https://www.natgeokids.com/au/discover/animals/general-animals/10-hopping-fun-rabbit-facts/|website=National Geographic Kids|date=2025-04-15|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|first=Gemma|last=Chandler}}</ref> Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke <references /> == In culture == Mimpfundla yi tala ku vekiwa hi swidyondzeki tani hi mfungho wa ku veleka,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Stein |first=Sadie |date=31 March 2024 |title=Our Bunnies, Ourselves |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A788166009/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=1b6a6489 |journal=The New York Times Book Review |page=22 |via=Gale General OneFile}}</ref> rimbewu na ximun'wana, hambi leswi swi hlamuseriweke hi tindlela to hambana eka matimu hinkwawo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Windling|first=Terri|authorlink=Terri Windling|date=2005|title=The Symbolism of Rabbits and Hares|url=http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/rrRabbits.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503161949/http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/rrRabbits.html|archive-date=3 May 2012|publisher=[[Endicott Studio]]}}</ref> Ku fikela eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu 18, a ku tshembiwa ngopfu leswaku mimpfundla na timhofu a ku ri ti-hermaphrodite, leswi hoxaka xandla eka mavonelo swi endla leswaku mimpfundzhankulu yi languteka yi ri "leyi nga riki na vuxaka bya rimbewu".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harley |first=Marta Powell |date=1985 |title=Rosalind, the Hare, and the Hyena In Shakespeare's 'As You Like It' |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_shakespeare-quarterly_autumn-1985_36_3/page/335 |journal=Shakespeare Quarterly |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=335–337 |doi=10.2307/2869713 |jstor=2869713}}</ref> Easter Bunny i xifaniso kusuka eka mintsheketo ya German loyi a hangalakeke eAmerika naswona endzhaku ka sweswo a hangalaka ni le swiphen'wini swin'wana swa misava naswona u fana na Santa Claus, hambi leswi havumbirhi bya vona a va ri ni swiphemu swo olova loko va pimanisiwa ni vanhu vo sungula.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cross |first=Gary |date=2004 |title=The Cute and the Cool |isbn=978-0-19-515666-9 |pages=83–120 |chapter=Holidays and New Rituals of Innocence |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156669.003.0004}}</ref> awtg8gr1mq7vkdrpiun5qypovbv1u60 0 7831 43282 43098 2026-10-19T21:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261019sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guava_pink_fruit.jpg|thumb| Guava na xilayi]] '''Gwava''' ( /ˈ ɡ w ɑː v ə / GWAH -və ), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/guava|accessdate=20 August 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> leri tivekaka tani hi ‘gwava-piyere’ eka tindzhawu to hambana hambana, i mihandzu leyi tolovelekeke ya tropical leyi byariwaka eka tindhawu to tala ta tropical na subtropical. <ref name="Morton-1987">{{Cite web|last=Morton JF|year=1987|title=Guava|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/guava.html|accessdate=24 April 2015|website=Fruits of Warm Climates|publisher=[[Purdue University]]|pages=356–363}}</ref> Guava leyi tolovelekeke ''[[Mugwava|Psidium guajava]]'' (lamula guava, apula gwava) i nsinya lowuntsongo eka ndyangu wa myrtle ( Myrtaceae ), lowu tumbulukaka e [[Meksiko|Mexico]], Central America, Caribbean nale n’walungwini wa Amerika Dzonga . <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Hi ku ya hi swimilana, ti- gwava i mihandzu . [[File:Guava_fruit_tree.jpg|thumb]] Vito ra guava ritlhela ri nyikiwa tinxaka tin’wana eka muxaka wa ''Psidium'', kufana na sitruwuberi gwava ( ''Psidium cattleyanum'' ) na gwava ra ti xihenga, ''Feijoa sellowiana'' . Hi 2024, vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo bya magwava va hlanganise magoza na ti mangosteens ) akuri 62 miliyoni ta mali, leswi nga rhangela hi [[Indiya|India]] leyingana 45% wa ntsengo hinkwawo. == Ntivo-vutomi bya rito == Rito leri nge ''gwava'' ri vonaka ri tirhisiwe ku sukela exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 . <ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary-2022">{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Guava|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/guava|accessdate=2 September 2022|website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}</ref> Vito leri ri huma eka Taino, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Guayaba|url=http://etimologias.dechile.net/?guayaba|website=deChile.net}}</ref> ririmi ra Vaarawak, tanihi {{Lang|arw|guayabo}} eka ''murhi wa gwava'' hi ku tirhisa [[Xipaniya]] eka {{Lang|es|guayaba}} . <ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary-2022" /> Ri cinciwile hi tindzimi to tala ta le Yuropa ni ta le Asia, ri ri ni xivumbeko lexi fanaka. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> == Masungulo na ku hangalaka == Magwava masungule kusuka eka ndhawu leyi ku ehleketiwaka leswaku yisuka eMexico, Central America kumbe n’walungu wa South America kuya eka ndzhawu hinkwayo ya Caribbean. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=''Psidium guajava'' (guava)|url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45141|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=CABI: Invasive Species Compendium}}</ref> <ref name="Clement-2005">{{Cite book |last=Clement |first=Charles R. |date=2005 |title=The Cultural History of Plants |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415927463 |editor-last=Prance |editor-first=Ghillean |page=93 |editor-last2=Nesbitt |editor-first2=Mark}}</ref> Tindzhawu ta vuyimburi ePeru ti humese vumbhoni bya ku byariwa ka guava kusukela hi 2500&nbsp;BC. <ref name="Clement-2005" /> Magwava ma amukeriwile tani hi xibyariwa eka subtropical na tropical Asia, swiphemu swa United States (Florida na Hawaii), tropical Africa na Oceania. <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Ti guavas ti nghenisiwile e Florida hi lembe xidzana ravu 19 <ref name="Morton-1987" /> naswona ma byariwa kona kuya fika en'walungwini wa Sarasota, Chipley, Waldo na Fort Pierce . Hambiswiritano, i muhaxi wo sungula wa Caribbean fruit fly naswona tifanele ku sirheleriwa eka ku hlaseriwa eka tindzhawu ta Florida laha xitsotswana lexi xinga kona. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Boning |first=Charles R. |year=2006 |title=Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines |publisher=Pineapple Press, Inc. |isbn=1-56164-372-6 |location=Sarasota, Florida |page=99}}</ref> Magwava ma byariwa ematikweni yo hlayanyana ya tropical na subtropical . <ref name="Morton-1987" /> <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Tinxaka to hlaya ti byariwa hi ndlela yo xavisa; apula gwava na ti cultivars ta yona hi tona leti xavisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni hinkwayo. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Ti gwavas titlhela ti mila edzonga vupela dyambu bya Europe, ngopfu ngopfu e Costa del Sol e Málaga (Spain) nale Greece laha magwava manga byariwa hiku xavisiwa kusukela exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ravu 20 naswona ti andza tani hi ti cultivars. <ref name="CABI Invasive Species-2017" /> Misinya leyi vupfeke ya tinxaka totala yikota ku tiyisela swinene eka xixika naswona yinga hanya hi ximumu lawa ya titimelaka nyana kutlula {{Convert|25|F|C}} kuringana nkarhi wo koma, kambe swimilani leswintsongo swinga endleka swititimela kuya ehansi. <ref name="Sauls-1998">{{Cite web|last=Sauls JW|date=December 1998|title=Home fruit production – Guava|url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/guava.htm|accessdate=2012-04-17|publisher=Texas A&M Horticulture Program}}</ref> Magwava ma tsakela eka vabyari vale makaya eka tindzhawu ta le matiko xikaya tofana na India, tani hi yin’wana ya mihandzu nyana ya misava ya kahle leyi nga kulaka kuya eka vukulu bya mihandzu eka swibyariwa endzeni ka yindlu. Loko yi byariwa kusuka eka mbewu, misinya ya guava yinga tswala mihandzu eka malembe mambirhi, naswona yinga ya emahlweni yi endla tano kuringana makume mune wa malembe. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> == Tinxaka == Muxaka lowu dyiwaka ngopfu, naswona lowu talaka ku vuriwa ntsena tani hi "magwava", i apula gwava ( ''[[Mugwava|Psidium guajava]]'' ). Magwava i Myrtoideae leti tolovelekeke, letingana matluka yo tiya ya ntima yo tika lawa ya hambaneke, yo olova, ya makluka kuya eka ovate, na {{Convert|5|–|15|cm|in}} ku leha. Swiluva swa kona i swo basa, swi ni swiluva swa ntlhanu ni swiphepherhele swo tala . Mihandzu ya kona i mihandzu leyi nga ni mbewu yo tala . <ref name="Judd-2002">{{Cite book |last=Judd |first=WS |year=2002 |title=Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach |url=https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398 |last2=Campbell |first2=CS |last3=Kellogg |first3=EA |last4=Stevens |first4=PF |last5=Donoghue |first5=MJ |publisher=Sinauer Associates, Inc. |isbn=0878934030 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/plantsystematics0002unse/page/398 398–399]}}</ref><gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Guava_flowers_(6700015761).jpg|alt=Apple guava flower| Xiluva xa gwava ra apula File:Psidium_guajava_fruit.jpg|alt=White guava| Gwava ro basa File:ARS_HPSI41.jpg|alt='Thai maroon' guava, a red apple guava cultivar| ‘Thai maroon’ gwava, muxaka wa guava ra apula ro tshwuka </gallery> [[File:White-cheeked_Barbet_Guava_DSC8751.jpg|thumb| Barbet ya marhama yo basa yi dya gwava]] Tinxaka ta ''Psidium'' ti dyiwa hi switsotswana swa Lepidoptera yin’wana, ngopfu ngopfu switsotswana swofana na Ello Sphinx ( ''Erinnyis ello'' ), ''Eupseudosoma aberrans'', ''E.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwxw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>involutum'', na ''Hypercompe icasia'' . Mites, kufana na ''Pronematus pruni'' na ''Tydeus munsteri'', switiveka tani hi switsotswana swa swibyariwa swa [[Mugwava|apple guava]] ( ''[[Mugwava|P.&nbsp;guajava]]'' ) naswona kumbexana tinxaka tin’wana. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Xitsongwatsongwana xa ''Erwinia psidii'' xivanga mavabyi yo bola ya apple guava. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pomini AM |last2=Manfio GP |last3=Araújo WL |last4=Marsaioli AJ. |year=2005 |title=Acyl-homoserine lactones from ''Erwinia psidii'' R. IBSBF 435T, a guava phytopathogen (''Psidium guajava'' L.) |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf050586e |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |volume=53 |issue=16 |pages=6262–6265 |bibcode=2005JAFC...53.6262P |doi=10.1021/jf050586e |pmid=16076103 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mihandzu leyi yi byariwa naswona yi tsakeriwa hi vanhu, naswona swiharhi swin’wana swotala swofana na swinyenyani swayi dya, swi hangalasa mbewu hiku olova eka manyoro ya swona. Le Hawaii ku ni guava ya strawberry ( ''P.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw4w">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>littorale'' ) yi hundzuke muxaka wa swimilana lowu hlaselaka hi tihanyi lowu xungetaka ku herisiwa eka tinxaka tin’wana to tlula 100 ta swimilana. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Price J|date=14 June 2008|title=Strawberry guava's hold has proven devastating|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/06/14/editorial/commentary.html|accessdate=7 December 2014|website=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Leveling the Playing Field in Hawai'i's Native Forests|url=http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215065428/http://www.conservehi.org/documents/CCH_StrawberryGuava_ActionAlert.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2014|accessdate=7 December 2014|publisher=Conservation Council for Hawai‘i}}</ref> Kuhambana na sweswo, tinxaka to hlaya ta ti guava ti hundzuke letinga tala hikokwalaho ka ku onhiwa ka tindzhawu ta vutshamo naswona kwalomu ka yin’we (Jamaican guava, ''P.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw8Q">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>dumetorum'' ) se yi herile. Tihunyi ta gwava titirhisiwa eka ku tswonga nyama e Hawaii, naswona titirhisiwa eka mphikizano wa barbecue e United States hinkwayo. Le Cuba nale Mexico, matluka ya tirhisiwa eka ti barbecue. Mihandzu ya gwava, hi ntolovelo{{Convert|4|to|12|cm|in}} long, i xirhendzevutani kumbe oval kuya hi muxaka wa tona. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Tina nun’hwelo lowu vonakaka naswona lowu tolovelekeke, lowu fanaka na madzovo ya lamula kambe yanga tlhavi ngopfu. Nkumba wa le handle wu nga ha va wu khwaxa, hakanyingi wu ri ni nantswo wo bava, kumbe wu olova ni ku nandziha. Kuhambana exikarhi ka tinxaka, nhlonge yingava na vukulu byihi na byihi, hi ntolovelo yiva ya rihlaza loko yinga se vupfa, kambe yingava yotshuka, maroon kumbe ya rihlaza loko yivupfile. Pulp yale ndzeni yingava yiri yo tsokombela kumbe yotshuka naswona yiva off-white ("white" guavas) kuya eka deep pink ("red" guavas). Mbewu eka pulp yale xikarhi ya hambana hi nhlayo xikan’we naku tiya, kuya hi tinxaka. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> {| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:12em; text-align:center" |+Vuhumelerisi bya guava*<br /><br /><br /><br /> 2024, millions of tonnes<br /><br /><br /><br /> | India | 27.8 |- | Indonesia | 4.1.1 |- | China | 4.1.1 |- | Mexico | 2.6 |- | Brazil | 2.4 |- | Pakistan | 2.1.1 |- | '''Misava''' | '''62.2.2''' |- | colspan="2" | *includes mangoes and mangosteens. Source: FAOSTAT ya Nhlangano wa Matiko <ref name="faostat">{{Cite web|date=2026|title=Production of guavas in 2024; Pick lists by Crops/Regions/Production Quantity/Year|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|accessdate=22 April 2026|publisher=United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database}}</ref> |} == Humelerisa == Hi 2024, vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo bya ti guavas akuri 62 million tonnes, leswinga rhangela hi India laha kungana 45% wa ntsengo hinkwawo (tafula; [[Manghozi|ti mango]] na ti mangosteens swikatsiwile). Vahumelerisi va vumbirhi akuri [[Indonesia]] na China. == Matirhiselo ==   Le Mexico ni le matikweni man’wana ya le Latin Amerika, swakunwa leswi nga agua fresca hakanyingi swi endliwa hi guava. Mihandzu hinkwayo i xiaki xa nkoka eka punch, naswona juzi ya yona yi tala ku tirhisiwa eka ti- sauce to sweka (yo hisa kumbe yo titimela), ti- ales, swilo swo sweka, swakudya swo olova leswi omisiweke, tibara ta mihandzu ni ti- dessert, kumbe ku cheriwa eka chamoy . ''Pulque de guayaba'' ("guayaba" i Spanish for guava) i swakunwa leswi tolovelekeke swa xihoko eka tindzhawu leti. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Onstott |first=Jane |date=2010 |title=National Geographic Traveler: Mexico |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000onst |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=9781426205248 |page=[https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph0000onst/page/36 36] |language=en |quote=aguas frescas national geographic. |url-access=registration}}</ref>  Ematikweni yo tala, guava yi dyiwa yi nga swekiwanga, hi ntolovelo yi tsemiwa yi va tikotara kutani yi dyiwa ku fana ni apula; yitlhela yi dyiwa na xiphemu xa munyu na phepha, cayenne powder kumbe ku hlanganisiwa ka swipayisisi (masala) . Le Philippines, ku tirhisiwa guava leyi vupfeke loko ku swekiwa ''sinigang'' . Guava i swakudya swo olova eCuba tanihi <nowiki><i id="mwAVU">pastelitos de guayaba</i></nowiki> ; naswona eTaiwan, a yi xavisiwa emakhoneni yo tala ya switarata ni le timakete ta vusiku hi nkarhi wa maxelo yo hisa, yi fambisana ni tiphakiti ta phoyizeni ya plum leyi omisiweke leyi pfanganisiweke ni chukela ni munyu leswaku yi ta nyuperisiwa. Evuxeni bya Asia, guava yitala ku dyiwa na swihlanganisi swa plum powder leyi omisiweke yo tsokombela na yo tshwuka. Juzi ya guava yi dyiwa ematikweni yo tala. Mihandzu leyi na yona yitala ku katsiwa eka ti salads ta mihandzu. Hikwalaho ka mpimo wa yona wa le henhla wa pectin, ti guavas ti tirhisiwa ngopfu ku endla swilo swo sweka, swilo leswi hlayisiweke, ti jelly, tijamu, na ti marmalades (swo tanihi ''goiabada'' ya le Brazil na ''bocadillo'' ya le Colombia na Venezuela ), naswona tanihi jamu ya marmalade leyi phameriwaka eka toast. <ref name="Morton-1987" /> Magwava lawo shwuka manga tirhisiwa tani hi xisekelo xa switirhisiwa leswinga na munyu swofana na ti sauces, ku siva matamatisi, ngopfu ngopfu ku hunguta acid. Swakunwa swinga endliwa kusuka eka ku cheriwa ka mihandzu ya gwava na matluka, leswi eBrazil swivuriwaka ''chá-de-goiabeira'', i.e., "tiya" ya matluka ya nsinya wa guava. Gwava leri ri tolovelekeke leyi nga swekiwangiki i 81% wa mati, 14% wa tikhabohaydreti, 3% wa tiphrotheyini, na 0.5% wa mafurha (tafula). Hi nhlayo ya xikombo ya {{Convert|100|g}}, gwava yoka yinga swekiwanga yi phakela {{Convert|285|kJ|kcal}} ya matimba ya swakudya naswona i xihlovo lexi fuweke xa fibre ya swakudya na vitamin C (254% ya Daily Value, DV), na ti levele to ringanela ta folate (12% DV) na potassium (14% DV, tafula). Guava yoka yinga swekiwanga yina lycopene (tafula). == Tikhemikhali ta swimilana == Matluka ya gwava yana ti carotenoids na polyphenols, kufana na (+)-gallocatechin na leucocyanidin . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seshadri |first=TR |last2=Vasishta |first2=K |year=1965 |title=Polyphenols of the leaves of psidium guava—quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=989–92 |bibcode=1965PChem...4..989S |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86281-0}}</ref> Tani hileswi tin’wana ta ti phytochemicals leti ti humesaka nhlonge ya mihandzu na muhlovo wa nyama, ti guavas letinga red-orange titala kuva na polyphenol na carotenoid yotala kutlula letinga yellow-green. === Mafurha ya mbewu === Mafurha ya mbewu ya magwava manga tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swa culinary kumbe sasekisa . Yi fuwile hi linoleic acid . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kobori CN |last2=Jorge N |year=2005 |title=Caracterização dos óleos de algumas sementes de frutas como aproveitamento de resíduos industriais |trans-title=Characterization of some seed oils from fruits for utilization of industrial residues |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cagro/v29n5/a14v29n5.pdf |journal=Ciênc Agrotec |language=pt |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=108–14 |doi=10.1590/S1413-70542005000500014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Vutshunguri bya vanhu == Kusukela hiva 1950s, magwava – ngopfu ngopfu matluka – ya kamberiwile eka swiaki swa tona, swivumbeko swa biological leswinga vaka kona xikan’we na matimu eka vutshunguri bya vanhu . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Boer |first=HJ |last2=Cotingting |first2=C |year=2014 |title=Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in southeast Asia: a meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology |journal=J Ethnopharmacol |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=747–67 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030 |pmid=24269772}}</ref> == Switsotswana leswi nga ni switsotswana == Magwava i man’wana ya ti apula lema tolovelekeke eka mihandzu to fana na ''A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAZY">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>suspensa'', leyi vekaka tandza ra yona eka ti guava leti vupfeke ngopfu kumbe leti onhakeke. Kutani switsotswana swa tinyenyana leti swidya mihandzu kufikela loko swikota kuya emahlweni kuya eka xiteji xa pupa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Whervin |first=L. Walter |date=1974-03-01 |title=Some Fruitflies (Tephritidae) in Jamaica |journal=PANS Pest Articles & News Summaries |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.1080/09670877409412331 |issn=0030-7793}}</ref> Ku va ni switsotswana leswi swi endle leswaku matiko ya le Amerika Xikarhi ma lahlekeriwa hi timiliyoni ta ikhonomi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baranowski |first=Richard |last2=Glenn |first2=Holly |last3=Sivinski |first3=John |date=1993-06-01 |title=Biological Control of the Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) |url=https://archive.org/details/florida-entomologist_1993-06_76_2/page/245 |journal=The Florida Entomologist |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=245 |bibcode=1993FlEnt..76..245B |doi=10.2307/3495721 |issn=0015-4040 |jstor=3495721 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ti fungal pathogens, ''Neopestalotiopsis'' na ''Pestalotiopsis'' species i swivangelo swa guava scab e Colombia. <ref name="Solarte-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Solarte |first=F. |last2=Munoz |first2=C.G. |last3=Maharachchikumbura |first3=S.S.N. |last4=Alvarez |first4=E. |date=2018 |title=Diversity of ''Neopestalotiopsis'' and ''Pestalotiopsis'' spp., causal agents of guava scab in Colombia. |journal=Plant Disease |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |bibcode=2018PlDis.102...49S |doi=10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE |hdl=10568/89977 |pmid=30673452 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Air layering i ndlela leyi tirhaka yaku hangalasa ximilani xa gwava. Swipfumelela ku humelerisiwa ka swimilani leswintshwa loko swirikarhi swihlayisa swihlawulekisi swa ximilani xa mutswari. Endlelo leri ri katsa ku hlawula rhavi leri hanyeke kahle ku endla xiphemu lexintsongo eka rhavi, naku chela matitwelo yo dzima timintsu ku hlohletela kukula ka timintsu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=February 8, 2024|title=A Step-by-Step Guide to Propagating Guava Plants Through Air Layering|url=https://gardeningaction.com/a-step-by-step-guide-to-propagating-guava-plants-through-air-layering/|website=Plants & Gardens}}</ref> Kutani rhavi ri phutseriwe hi peat moss leyi tsakamaka kutani ri funengetiwa hi plastiki ku pfuneta ku hlayisa ndzhongho. Endzhaku ka mavhiki yo hlaya, timintsu tita vumbiwa, kutani ximilani lexintshwa xinga tsemiwa eka mutswari kutani xi byariwa emisaveni. Ndlela leyi yi pfuna ngopfu eka gwava hikokwalaho ka ku humelela ka yona lokukulu xikan’we na vuswikoti byo humelerisa swimilani leswi tswalaka mihandzu hiku hatlisa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Reddy|first=Jagdish|date=September 6, 2022|title=A Guide to Understand Guava Plant/Tree Propagation: Check How this Guide Helps Guava Farmers|url=https://www.agrifarming.in/a-guide-to-understand-guava-plant-tree-propagation-check-how-this-guide-helps-guava-farmers#|website=www.agrifarming.in}}</ref> == Gallery ya swifaniso == <gallery> File:Goya_blancs.JPG|alt=Yellow-fruited cherry guava, (sometimes called lemon guava) Psidium littorale var. littorale| Cherry gwava ya mihandzu yo tshwuka, (minkarhi yin’wana yi vuriwa lemon guava) ''Psidium littorale'' var. ''littorale ya xirhendzevutani'' File:Starr_031002-0033_Psidium_cattleianum.jpg|alt=Strawberry guava, Psidium littorale var. cattleyanum| Gwava ya xitluka, ''Psidium litorale'' var. ''cattleyanum ya tihomu'' File:Rotten_guava_in_Bangladesh.jpg|alt=A rotten guava| Gwava leyi boleke File:Guava_oil.JPG|alt=Guava seed oil| Mafurha ya mbewu ya guava </gallery> == Nakambe vona == * Myrteae, rixaka leri nga na guava na swimilani leswi yelanaka swinene leswingana mihandzu ya nyama. {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gwava]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d3bk78aixa93s0dlg46agtpushptpd3 0 7832 43281 43276 2026-10-19T21:38:10Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261019sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43281 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xihenge''' <ref name="Morton 1987">{{Cite web|year=1987|title=Pineapple, ''Ananas comosus''|url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pineapple.html|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=In: Fruits of Warm Climates, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=18–28}}</ref> ( '''''Ananas comosus''''' ) i ximilani xa le tindhawini to hisa lexi nga ni mihandzu leyi dyiwaka; i ximilani lexi nga na nkoka swinene eka ikhonomi eka ndyangu wa Bromeliaceae . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge |first=G |year=2003 |title=The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses |url=https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse |last2=Leal |first2=F. |publisher=CABI Publishing |isbn=978-0-85199-503-8 |editor-last=Bartholomew |editor-first=DP |location=Wallingford, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse/page/21 21] |chapter=Chapter 2: Morphology, Anatomy, and Taxonomy |editor-last2=Paull |editor-first2=RE |editor-last3=Rohrbach |editor-first3=KG}}</ref> Xihenge xi huma [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|eAmerika Dzonga]], laha yi byariweke kona ku ringana malembe-xidzana yo tala. <ref name="grant">{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Jason R. |last2=Zijlstra |first2=Gea |date=1998 |title=An Annotated Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae (see ''Ananas'') |url=https://archive.org/details/selbyana_1998_19_1/page/91 |journal=Selbyana |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=91–121 |issn=0361-185X |jstor=41759978}}</ref> Ku nghenisiwa ka ximilani xa xihenge [[Yuropa|eYuropa]] hi lembe xidzana ra vu-17 swi endle leswaku xi va xifaniso xa nkoka xa ndhavuko xa vulovolovo. <ref name="smithsonian">{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=The prickly meanings of the pineapple|url=https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2021/01/28/the-prickly-meanings-of-the-pineapple/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=Smithsonian Library and Archives}}</ref> Kusukela hiva 1820s, swihenge aswi byariwa hiku xavisiwa eka ti yindlu ta rihlaza nale ka swimilani swotala swa tropical. Mihandzu leyi, ngopfu-ngopfu juzi ya yona, yi ni matirhiselo yo hambana-hambana eka swakudya ni le ka swinambunambu . Swihenge swikula tani hi xihlahla lexintsongo; swiluva ha xin'we-xin'we swa ximilani lexi nga riki na vulombe swi hlangana swi vumba mihandzu yo tala . Hi ntolovelo ximilani lexi xi hangalaka kusuka eka offset leyi humelerisiwaka ehenhla ka mihandzu <ref name="Morton 1987" /> kumbe kusuka eka xirhabyani xale tlhelo, naswona hi ntolovelo xivupfa endzhaku ka lembe. <ref name="ncsu">{{Cite web|date=2025|title=''Ananas comosus'', pineapple|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ananas-comosus/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=North Carolina State University Extension; Plant Toolbox}}</ref> nrwr4j7z16nkzcuw6khkozzglb3i3hm 0 7944 43285 43224 2026-10-19T21:42:27Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261019sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 43285 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkumba i xiphemu lexinkulu xa lapi ro rhetela lerikulu ku ringanela lerova ri nga funengeta kumbe ku funengela miri wo tala wa mutirhisi naswona ri tiya ku ringana ku hlayisa miri wu kufumela hi ku khoma ku hisa ka miri loku voningaka loku handle ka sweswo a ku ta lahleka hi ku tirhisa hangalaka na ku vangama. Rito leri ri humelele eka ku andlariwa ka lapi ro karhi leri vuriwaka ''blanke'', ku nga ku luka ka voya loku nga dayiwangiki loku etleleke ngopfu. Mianakanyo leyi dumeke yi vula leswaku vito leri ri huma eka [[Thomas Blanket]] (Blanquette) loyi avuriwaka Thomas Blanket (Blanquette), muluki wa le Flemish loyi a tshameke eBristol, eNghilandhi, hi lembe ra vu-14&nbsp;khume ra malembe. <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 1901 |title=Origin of Blanket |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1901/03/24/archives/origin-of-blanket.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728004837/https://www.nytimes.com/1901/03/24/archives/origin-of-blanket.html |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=27 July 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beckinsale |first=R. P. |year=1937 |title=Factors in the Development of the Cotswold Woollen Industry |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_1937-10_90_4/page/349 |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=349–362 |bibcode=1937GeogJ..90..349B |doi=10.2307/1787694 |jstor=1787694}}</ref> Kambe matirhiselo ya khale ya rito leri ya koteka tani hi ku lomba rito ra Xifurwa ra Khale ''ra blanket'' eka muxaka wa lapi, leri tiyisisiweke kusukela hi 1278 naswona ri huma eka xihlawulekisi ''[[wiktionary:blanc#French|blanc]]'', leswi vulaka "wo basa". <ref>{{Cite web|title=blanchet|url=https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/blanchet|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221220156/https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/blanchet|archive-date=21 December 2022|accessdate=28 December 2022|website=[[Trésor de la langue française]]|publisher=[[CNRTL]]}}</ref> William Shakespeare u tiviwa tani hi munhu wosungula ku tirhisa riendli ''blanket'', leswi vulaka ku ‘funengeta hi kumbe tani hi xibalesa’. Eka ntlangu wa ''King Lear'', lowu kandziyisiweke hi 1608, ximunhuhatwa Edgar xi ri: "Xikandza xa mina ile grime hi thyaka, Blanket my loynes, else all my haire with knots." <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-25 |title=Almost 300 years without a duvet |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34848546 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417052425/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34848546 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2021-01-28 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Xivumbeko xa khale xa nkumba xikandziyisiwe tanihi {{Lang|Sa|"Kambala"}} . Mufambi wa lembe xidzana ra vu-7 wa Muchayina tlhelo xidyondzi Xuanzang u boxile swilo leswi eka buku yakwe ya riendzo rakwe ro ya eIndiya hi 629–645 C.E. U hlamusela "Kambala" tanihi nchumu wa voya lowu endliwaka hi voya bya tinyimpfu kumbe bya timbuti. U yi hambanise hi swiyenge tanihi muxaka wa swilo swo endla swiambalo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Watters |first=Thomas |date=1904 |title=On Yuan Chwang'S Travels in India, 629-645 A. D. |url=http://archive.org/details/OnYuanChwangsTravelsInIndia629645AD |pages=149 |language=en |quote="The third group is the kambala. This word, which denotes "woollen cloth" and "a blanket""}}</ref> Nhlamuselo ya Xisanskrit ya Kambala i 'xifunengeto xa voya." <ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=R. L. |date=1999 |title=A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UX_AeDYzhBQC&dq=Kambala+blanket&pg=PA139 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-1665-7 |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanskrit Dictionary|url=https://sanskritdictionary.com/?q=kambala|accessdate=2022-02-05|website=sanskritdictionary.com}}</ref> Hi ku ya hi tsalwa ra khale ra India, Atharvaveda, kambala i rito leri tolovelekeke ra switirhisiwa swo fana na swiambalo swo fana na swihuku na swiambalo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |date=1989 |title=Handwoven fabrics of India |url=http://archive.org/details/handwovenfabrics0000unse |publisher=Mapin Pub. |isbn=978-0-944142-26-4 |location=Ahmedabad |pages=61, 33}}</ref> Ri tiveka tanihi "Kambali" eKannada na Tamil, swiambalo leswi swo tiya swi tlhela swi gwanya swi lukiwile hi voya bya tinyimpfu lebyi xivumbeko xa byona xinga gwanya swinene naswona xi endleriwe ku nyika ku kufumela loku ringaneleke hi xixika. <ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2023|title=National Handloom Day Special: Reviving Karnataka's timeless tradition of weaving the 'kambli' to empower Kuruba pastoralists|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/featured/reviving-kambli-weaving-to-empower-kuruba-pastoralist/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716080004/https://thesouthfirst.com/featured/reviving-kambli-weaving-to-empower-kuruba-pastoralist/|archive-date=16 July 2024|accessdate=16 July 2024|website=thesouthfirst.com}}</ref> gath61o9ot9x1sp1qwqhi78ftjf6av2