Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6893 120278 111461 2026-08-27T06:34:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Remove non existent template or module 120278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[COVID-19]] or [[Nthenda ya Corona]] ([[Corona Virus]]) ni mtundu wa nthenda iyo ikukola munthu kwizila mu mvuche,mata panji  kukolana chasa na munthu uyo wana nthenda iyi.Kachibungu ako kakwambiska nthenda iyi kakuchemeka "Kachibungu kakali kachiwili ako kakutimbanizga nthowa ya mathutilo"(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ). Munthu wakwamba kusangika na kachibungu aka wakawa wa ku [[Wuhan]],chalo cha [[China]], mu chaka cha December, 2019.<ref name="Unnamed-20230318115223">https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-hunt-for-covid-19-origin-patient-zero-points-to-second-wuhan-market-11614335404</ref> Vimanyikwilo vakuti munthu wana nthena iyi vikupambana munthu pa munthu,kwene kene kanandi munthu ukupulikanga: * Kuwawa kwa mutu * Kukhosomola * Kusuzgika pa kuthuta * Kuphwanya kwa thupi * Chikhoso cha mamphina * Masuzgikilo gha pulika kunowa kwa chakulya na kununkhizga.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439</ref> Vimanyikwilo ivi vingaoneka pala pajumpha siku limoza panji madazi 14,pala watola waka nthenda iyi.Mzinda unandi wa wanthu awo wakukolekana na nthenda iyi wakuwevye vimanyikwilo nge ni vipachanya ivi.Wachekulu ndiwo wali pa chiophyezo chikulu chomene cha nthenda iyi. == VIMANYIKWILO VAKUTI UNA NTHENDA YA CORONA == * Vilonda va pasingo * Kujala kwa mphuno * Kufuma kwa mamphina * Kukhosomola * Kusuzgika pa kuthuta * Kuphwanya kwa thupi * Chikhoso cha mamphina * Masuzgikilo gha pulika kunowa kwa chakulya na kununkhizga fungo la vinthu. == CHAKWAMBISKA NTHENDA YA CORONA == Matenda gha Corona ghakwamba na kachibungu ako pa chingerezi kakuchemeka kuti 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2). == UMO MUNTHU UKUTOLELA NTHENDA IYI == Kwizila mu kuthuta mphepo zakunangika na munthu uyo wana matenda agha pakukhosomola or pakuthunya. == References (uko kwafuma umboni wa ivi valembeka pachanya) == 1 <ref name="Unnamed-20230318115223"/>Wuhani Official news reports 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439 5zpta0t8zx1j5cqx414h4c4cij9nn45 120279 120278 2026-08-27T06:34:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''COVID-19''' or [[Nthenda ya Corona]] ([[Corona Virus]]) ni mtundu wa nthenda iyo ikukola munthu kwizila mu mvuche,mata panji  kukolana chasa na munthu uyo wana nthenda iyi.Kachibungu ako kakwambiska nthenda iyi kakuchemeka "Kachibungu kakali kachiwili ako kakutimbanizga nthowa ya mathutilo"(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ). Munthu wakwamba kusangika na kachibungu aka wakawa wa ku [[Wuhan]],chalo cha [[China]], mu chaka cha December, 2019.<ref name="Unnamed-20230318115223">https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-hunt-for-covid-19-origin-patient-zero-points-to-second-wuhan-market-11614335404</ref> Vimanyikwilo vakuti munthu wana nthena iyi vikupambana munthu pa munthu,kwene kene kanandi munthu ukupulikanga: * Kuwawa kwa mutu * Kukhosomola * Kusuzgika pa kuthuta * Kuphwanya kwa thupi * Chikhoso cha mamphina * Masuzgikilo gha pulika kunowa kwa chakulya na kununkhizga.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439</ref> Vimanyikwilo ivi vingaoneka pala pajumpha siku limoza panji madazi 14,pala watola waka nthenda iyi.Mzinda unandi wa wanthu awo wakukolekana na nthenda iyi wakuwevye vimanyikwilo nge ni vipachanya ivi.Wachekulu ndiwo wali pa chiophyezo chikulu chomene cha nthenda iyi. == VIMANYIKWILO VAKUTI UNA NTHENDA YA CORONA == * Vilonda va pasingo * Kujala kwa mphuno * Kufuma kwa mamphina * Kukhosomola * Kusuzgika pa kuthuta * Kuphwanya kwa thupi * Chikhoso cha mamphina * Masuzgikilo gha pulika kunowa kwa chakulya na kununkhizga fungo la vinthu. == CHAKWAMBISKA NTHENDA YA CORONA == Matenda gha Corona ghakwamba na kachibungu ako pa chingerezi kakuchemeka kuti 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2). == UMO MUNTHU UKUTOLELA NTHENDA IYI == Kwizila mu kuthuta mphepo zakunangika na munthu uyo wana matenda agha pakukhosomola or pakuthunya. == References (uko kwafuma umboni wa ivi valembeka pachanya) == 1 <ref name="Unnamed-20230318115223"/>Wuhani Official news reports 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7753439 lfno1s2tzmsvul2d89t70cqxgqijy2z 0 6942 120277 119739 2026-08-27T06:33:15Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Landlocked country in West Africa}} {{About|the country|other uses|Niger (disambiguation)|the state in Nigeria|Niger State}} {{pp-move-indef}}{{Not to be confused with|Nigeria}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of the Niger | native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Niger}} | common_name = Niger | image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg | flag_size = 100 | image_coat = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | coa_size = 110 | image_map = Niger (orthographic_projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark green}} | image_map2 = | national_motto = {{unbulleted list |{{native phrase|fr|"Fraternité, Travail, Progrès"|italics=off}} |{{small|"Fraternity, Work, Progress"}}}} | national_anthem = {{native phrase|fr|[[L'Honneur de la Patrie]]|nolink=yes}}<br />{{small|"The Honour of the Fatherland"}} | official_languages = [[French language|French]] | languages_type = [[National language]]s<ref name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca">[http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm République du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales." L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019123028/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm |date=19 October 2018 }} (accessed 21 September 2016)</ref> | languages = {{hlist |[[Arabic language|Arabic]] |[[Buduma language|Buduma]]}} {{hlist |[[Fula language|Fulfulde]] |[[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]]}} {{hlist |[[Hausa language|Hausa]] |[[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]}} {{hlist |[[Zarma language|Zarma]] | [[Songhoyboro Ciine|Songhai]] |[[Tuareg languages|Tamasheq]] |[[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]] |[[Tebu languages|Tebu]]}} | religion_ref = <ref name="census" /> | religion_year = 2012 | religion = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Islam in Niger|Islam]] * 0.3% [[Christianity]] * 0.2% [[Animism]] * 0.1% [[Irreligion]] }} | demonym = Nigerien<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|title=Nigerien – definition of Nigerien in English from the Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301230120/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|archive-date=1 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | capital = [[Niamey]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|32|N|2|05|E|type:city}} | largest_city = Niamey | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Niger|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Mohamed Bazoum]] | leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Niger|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] | leader_title3 = [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Niger|President of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Seyni Oumarou]] | legislature = [[National Assembly of Niger|National Assembly]] | area_rank = 21st | area_km2 = 1,267,000 | area_sq_mi = 489,678 | percent_water = 0.02 | population_estimate = 25,396,840<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Niger|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 56th | population_density_km2 = 12.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 31.2 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $29.9 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022|date=October 2022|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date= October 11, 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 144th | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,443<ref name="IMF.WEO.US">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022|date=April 2022|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date=April 19, 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 188th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.6 billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_rank = 145th | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $561<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 185th | sovereignty_type = [[History of Niger|Independence]] | sovereignty_note = from [[France]] | established_event1 = Republic proclaimed | established_date1 = 18 December 1958 | established_event2 = Declared | established_date2 = 3 August 1960 | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 34.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ World Bank GINI index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |date=9 February 2015 }}, accessed on 21 January 2016.</ref> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.400 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="2020 trends">{{cite book |title=Human Development Report 2021-22 |date=8 September 2022 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |isbn=978-9-211-26442-5 |pages=275 |website=hdr.undp.org |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |access-date=8 September 2022 }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 189th | currency = [[West African CFA franc]] | currency_code = XOF | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>[http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ Which side of the road do they drive on?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073422/http://brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |date=14 April 2012 }} Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.</ref> | calling_code = [[+227]] | cctld = [[.ne]] | footnote_a = | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="CIA-2021-Niger">{{cite web |title=Africa: Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society|website=www.cia.gov |access-date=1 May 2021 |date=27 April 2021}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 53.1% [[Hausa people|Hausa]] * 21.2% [[Zarma people|Zarma]] & [[Songhai proper|Songhay]] * 11.0% [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] * 6.5% [[Fula people|Fulani]] * 5.9% [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]] * 0.8% [[Gurma people|Gurma]] * 0.4% [[Toubou people|Toubou]] * 0.4% [[Diffa Arabs|Arab]] * 0.9% [[Demographics of Niger|Other]] }} }} '''Niger''' panji '''ŵa Niger'''<ref name="nameISO" /><ref name="nameUNGEGN" /> <ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html How Do You Pronounce "Niger"?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314184006/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html|date=14 March 2012}} from [[Slate.com]], retrieved 4 March 2012</ref><ref>"Niger." ''The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition''. 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company 22 February 2013 [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger thefreedictionary.com/Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512034128/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger |date=12 May 2013 }}</ref>( {{IPA-fr|niʒɛʁ|lang}}),{{efn|{{lang-ar|النيجر}}, {{lang-ff|Niiser}} {{lang-ha|Nijar}}}} mwalamulo '''Charu cha Niger'''<ref name="nameISO">{{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NE |title=ISO 3166 |publisher=ISO Online Browsing Platform |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NE |archive-date=17 June 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nameUNGEGN">{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/ |title=UNGEGN World Geographical Names |publisher=United Nations Statisticsc Division |date=1 March 2017 |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144249/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/ |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> ({{lang-fr|République du Niger}}, {{lang-ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}}), ni caru ico cili mu West Africa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na [[Libya]] kumpoto, [[Chad]] kumafumiro gha dazi, [[Nigeria]] kumwera, [[Benin]] na [[Burkina Faso]] kumwera, Mali kumanjiliro gha dazi, na [[Algeria]] kumpoto. Charu ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), ndipo ntchikuru chomene ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa.{{UN_Population|ref}} Vyaru vyakujumpha 80 pa 100 vya ku Africa vili mu chipalamba cha Sahara. Ŵasilamu pafupifupi 25 miliyoni ŵakukhala kumwera na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa caru ici. Msumba wa Niamey uli kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Niger. Niger njimoza mwa vyaru vikavu comene pa caru cose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nations |first=United |date=2023-07-11 |title=2023 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/2023-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi |language=en}}</ref> Vigaŵa vinyake vya caru ici ivyo vikaŵa vyambura mapopa, nyengo zinyake vikaŵanga na njara na mapopa. Chuma cha ŵanthu ŵakuzengeka pa ulimi, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakuluta ku vyaru vinyake kukaguliska vyakurya. Charu ichi chili na masuzgo ghachitukuko chifukwa cha malo ghambura maji, mapopa, ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kuŵazga viŵi yayi, ŵanthu awo ŵakulimbana na ŵasilikari, kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵali na ŵana ŵanandi chomene pa charu chose chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito nthowa zakulera yayi.<ref name=EconPop>{{cite news|title=Population Explosion|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|access-date=3 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729151128/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵali na mitheto yakupambanapambana iyo yikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake na vigaŵa vinyake ŵakakhaliranga, kweniso umo ŵakakhaliranga mu caru cimoza. Kwamba kale, caru ca Niger cikupambana na vyaru vinyake. Kufuma apo caru ca Nigeria cikapokelera wanangwa wake, ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵakhalanga mu vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri ivyo ŵasilikari ŵakalamuliranga. Mu 2010, ŵasilikari ŵakawukira boma, ndipo pa nyengo iyi mu Niger mukaŵa vipani vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi. ==Zina== Zina ili likufuma ku mlonga wa Niger uwo ukwenda mu chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Zina ili likufuma ku lizgu la Tuareg lakuti n'eghirren, ilo likung'anamura 'maji ghakwenda.'<ref>{{cite book | title =Atlas A-Z | publisher =Dorling Kindersley | year =2004 | location =New York City | page =289 }}</ref> Kuyowoyekera kwake ni /niːˈʒɛər/ mu Chifalansa, apo mu Chingelezi chikuyowoyeka /ˈnaɪdʒər/. ==Mbili== {{Main|History of Niger}} ===Prehistory=== [[File:1997 278-10 Sahara glyph.jpg|thumb|Rock engraving showing herds of giraffe, ibex, and other animals in the southern Sahara near Tiguidit, Niger]] Viŵiya vyamalibwe, vinyake vikaŵako kale comene mu 280,000 B.C.E., vikasangika ku Adrar Bous, Bilma na Djado kumpoto kwa Agadez Region.<ref name="Bradt">Geels, Jolijn, (2006) ''Bradt Travel Guide - Niger'', pgs. 15–22</ref> Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi vikukolerana na visopa vya Aterian na Mousterian ivyo vikaŵako mu nyengo ya Middle Paleolithic, ivyo vikaŵako ku mpoto kwa Africa cha m'ma 90,000 B.C.E.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = On the industrial attributions of the Aterian and Mousterian of the Maghreb|journal = Journal of Human Evolution|date = 1 March 2013|pages = 194–210|volume = 64|issue = 3|doi = 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.010|first1 = Harold L.|last1 = Dibble|first2 = Vera|last2 = Aldeias|first3 = Zenobia|last3 = Jacobs|first4 = Deborah I.|last4 = Olszewski|first5 = Zeljko|last5 = Rezek|first6 = Sam C.|last6 = Lin|first7 = Esteban|last7 = Alvarez-Fernández|first8 = Carolyn C.|last8 = Barshay-Szmidt|first9 = Emily|last9 = Hallett-Desguez|pmid=23399349}}</ref><ref name="Bradt"/> Ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakhalanga nga mbalovi. Mu nyengo yakale, nyengo ya mu chipalamba cha Sahara yikaŵanga yakuthukira kweniso yakupambika vyakurya vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakufukura vinthu vyakale ŵakuyichema kuti "Chipalamba cha Green Sahara".<ref>Gwin, Peter. [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/green-sahara/gwin-text/1 "Lost Tribes of the Green Sahara"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903071614/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/green-sahara/gwin-text/1 |date=3 September 2010 }}, ''National Geographic'', September 2008.</ref><ref>[[Roland Oliver|Oliver, Roland]] (1999), ''The African Experience: From Olduvai Gorge to the 21st Century'' (Series: History of Civilization), London: [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson|Phoenix Press]], revised edition, pg 39.</ref> Nyengo ya Neolithic yikamba mu 10,000 BC; nyengo iyi yikasintha vinthu vinandi, nga ni umo ŵakazengera viŵiya vya dongo (nga umo vikaŵira ku Tagalagal, Temet na Tin Ouffadene), kuŵeta ng'ombe, na kusunga ŵakufwa mu vibumira vya malibwe.<ref name="Bradt"/> Nyengo yikati yasintha pakati pa 4000 na 2800 B.C.E., caru ca Sahara cikamba kufota pacoko na pacoko, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakamba kukhala mu vigaŵa vya kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima, kulima tirigu, na viŵiya vya dongo. Vinthu vya visulo na mkuŵa vikaŵako mu nyengo iyi. Vinthu ivyo vikasangika ku Azawagh, Takedda, Marendet na Termit Massif.<ref>Duncan E. Miller and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' Journal of African History 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' Current Anthropology 1968.</ref><ref>{{citation | last=Grébénart | first=Danilo | year=1993 | url=http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!752653!0#focus | title=Azelik Takedda et le cuivre médiéval dans la région d'Agadez | journal=Le Saharien (Paris) | volume=125 | issue=2 | pages=28–33 | access-date=12 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093526/https://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!752653!0#focus | archive-date=24 July 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref> [http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3432&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Iron in Africa: Revisiting the History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025192915/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D3432%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html |date=25 October 2008 }} – Unesco (2002)</ref> Ŵanthu ŵa ku Kiffian (pafupifupi 8000-6000 B.C.) na ŵa ku Tenerian (pafupifupi 5000-2500 B.C.), awo ŵakakhalanga ku Adrar Bous na Gobero, uko ŵasanga viwangwa vya ŵanthu, ŵakakura comene mu nyengo iyi.<ref name="auto">[https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=5593387 Ancient cemetery found in 'green' Sahara Desert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811115708/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=5593387 |date=11 August 2014 }}. By Randolph E. Schmid. Associated Press /ABC News.</ref><ref name="Clark & DGG">{{cite book|last1=Clark|first1=J. Desmond|last2=Gifford-Gonzalez|first2=Diane|title=Adrar Bous: archaeology of a central Saharan granitic ring complex in Niger|date=2008|publisher=Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren}}</ref><ref name="scidaily">{{cite web | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080815101317.htm | title = Stone Age Graveyard Reveals Lifestyles Of A 'Green Sahara' | publisher = Science Daily | date = 15 August 2008 | access-date = 15 August 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080816060031/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080815101317.htm | archive-date = 16 August 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/15/science/15sahara.html | title = Graves Found From Sahara's Green Period | first = John Noble | last = Wilford | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 14 August 2008 | access-date = 15 August 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120123154828/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/15/science/15sahara.html | archive-date = 23 January 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sereno PC, ((Garcea EAA)), Jousse H, Stojanowski CM, ((Saliège J-F)), Maga A|title=Lakeside Cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 Years of Holocene Population and Environmental Change|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2008|volume=3|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002995|display-authors=etal|pmid=18701936|pmc=2515196|pages=e2995|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2995S|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kukura mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana pa nkhani ya ulimi na malaro. Chikhalidwe cha nyengo iyi ndi Chikhalidwe cha Bura (circa 200 - 1300 AD) chotchedwa Bura archeological site. komwe manda odzaza ndi zitsulo ndi ziboliboli za ceramic adapezeka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5045/|title=Site archéologique de Bura|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210180203/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5045/|archive-date=10 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>Mu nyengo ya Neolithic, ŵanthu ŵakamba kupanga vithuzithuzi vya mu malibwe ku Sahara. Vinthu ivi vikaŵa mu mapiri gha Aïr, Termit Massif, Djado Plateau, Iwelene, Arakao, Tamakon, Tzerzait, Iferouane, Mammanet na Dabous.<ref>{{citation|url=https://africanrockart.britishmuseum.org/country/niger/|publisher=British Museum|title=African Rock Art - Niger|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702080140/https://africanrockart.britishmuseum.org/country/niger/|archive-date=2 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.icomos.org/studies/rockart-sahara-northafrica/07sous-zone3.pdf|publisher=ICOMOS|author=Caulson, David|title=Sub-Zone 3: Niger|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212111121/https://www.icomos.org/studies/rockart-sahara-northafrica/07sous-zone3.pdf|archive-date=12 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Shillington">Shillington, Kevin (1989, 1995). ''History of Africa, Second Edition''. St. Martin's Press, New York. Page 32.</ref> ===Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger=== Mu vyaka vya m'ma 400 B.C.E., cigaŵa ico lero ni Niger cikaŵa cigaŵa ca malonda. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg ŵakendanga kufuma kumpoto, ndipo ŵakendanga na ngamila mu chipalamba.<ref>Lewicki, T. (1994). "The Role of the Sahara and Saharians in Relationships between North and South". In ''UNESCO General History of Africa: Volume 3.'' University of California Press, {{ISBN|92-3-601709-6}}.</ref><ref name=Masonen>Masonen, P: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20061008085939/http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/institutter/smi/paj/Masonen.html Trans-Saharan Trade and the West African Discovery of the Mediterranean World.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008085939/http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/institutter/smi/paj/Masonen.html |date=8 October 2006 }}"</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kusamukira ku vyaru vya kumwera kwa Africa na ku vyaru vya kumpoto kwa Africa, ndipo Chisilamu chikamba kuthandazgika. Ŵarabu ŵakawukira caru ca North Africa mu vilimika vya m'ma 700 C.E., ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵasamire kumwera. Mu nyengo iyi, mu Sahel mukaŵa maufumu ghanandi. Nkhani yakulondezgapo yikulongosora umo maufumu ghanyake ghakaŵira. ====Mali Empire (1200s–1400s)==== {{Main|Mali Empire}} Ufumu wa Mali ukaŵa ufumu wa Mandinka uwo ukayambika na Sundiata Keita (r. 1230 ⁇ 1255) mu 1230 ndipo ukakhalako mpaka 1600. Nga umo vyayowoyekera mu buku la Sundiata, Mali yikaŵa chigaŵa cha ufumu wa Sosso, uwo ukafumako ku ufumu wa Ghana. Kufuma apo, Mali wakathereska Sosso pa nkhondo ya Kirina mu 1235 na Ghana mu 1240.<ref name="oxfordre1">{{cite web| url = https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-266| title = Mali Empire| author = Sirio Canós-Donnay| publisher = Oxford Research Encyclopedias| date = February 2019| doi = 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.266| isbn = 978-0-19-027773-4| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190730024800/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-266| archive-date = 30 July 2019| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.worldhistory.org/Mali_Empire/| title = Mali Empire| publisher = Ancient Origins| date = 1 March 2019| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729130448/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mali_Empire/| archive-date = 29 July 2019| url-status = live}}</ref> Kufumira ku chigaŵa icho chikaŵa pafupi na mphaka ya Guinea na Mali, ufumu uwu ukakuranga mu nyengo ya mathemba ghakulondezgana ndipo ukafika pa mphepete mwa msewu wa malonda wa Trans-Sahara, ndipo ukafika pa mtunda ukuru chomene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Mansa Musa (r. 1312–1337). Pa nyengo iyi, vigaŵa vinyake ivyo sono ni chigaŵa cha Tillabéri mu Niger vikaŵa pasi pa Ŵamali. Mansa Musa, uyo wakaŵa Musilamu, wakacita haji mu 1324-1325, ndipo wakawovwira kuti Chisilamu chisanuzgike mu ufumu wake. "Vikuwoneka kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakalutilira kulondezga visambizgo vyawo vya chisopa chautesi m'malo mwa kusopa chisopa chautesi".<ref name="oxfordre1"/><ref name="ancient1">{{cite web| url = https://www.worldhistory.org/Mali_Empire/| title = Mali Empire| publisher = World History Encyclopedia| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729130448/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mali_Empire/| archive-date = 29 July 2019| url-status = live}}</ref> Ufumu ukamba "kuwelera pasi" mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, chifukwa cha kulimbana kwa awo ŵakeneranga kuŵa mafumu, mathemba ghambura nkhongono, kwendeska malonda gha ku [[Europe]] ku mphepete mwa nyanja, na kugaluka kwa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mossi, Wolof, Tuareg na Songhai.<ref name="ancient1"/> Ufumu wa ku Mali ukalutilira m'paka m'ma 1600. ==== Songhai Empire (1000s–1591) ==== [[File:SONGHAI empire map.PNG|thumb|left|Map of the Songhai Empire, overlaid over modern boundaries]] {{Main|Songhai Empire}} Ufumu wa Songhai ukacemeka kuyana na mtundu wawo, Songhai panji Sonrai, ndipo ukaŵa mu Mali, mumphepete mwa mlonga wa Niger. Songhai wakamba kukhala mu cigaŵa ici mu virimika vya m'ma 700 na vya m'ma 800; ndipo mu virimika vya m'ma 1000, Gao (uyo kale ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa ufumu wa Gao) ndiyo yikaŵa msumba ukuru wa ufumu uwu.<ref name="boubou-hama">Boubou Hama and M Guilhem, "L’histoire du Niger, de l’Afrique et du Monde"; Edicef, ''Les royaumes Haoussa'', pp. 104–112</ref><ref name=countrystudy>{{cite book|editor1-last=Metz|editor1-first=Helen Chapin|title=Nigeria: A Country Study|date=1991|publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress|location=Washington, DC|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/9.htm|access-date=14 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103012936/http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/9.htm|archive-date=3 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kufuma mu 1000 mpaka 1325, ufumu wa Songhai ukaŵa pa mtende na ufumu wa Mali, uwo ukaŵa kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu 1325 Songhai wakathereskeka na Mali mpaka apo yikapokereraso wanangwa wake mu 1375. Mu nyengo ya themba Sonni Ali (r. 1464 ⁇ 1492) Songhai wakatora ndondomeko yakusazgikira iyo yikatora malo ghapachanya chomene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Askia Mohammad I (r. 1493 ⁇ 1528); pa nyengo iyi ufumu ukakura kufuma ku Niger-bend heartland, kusazgapo kumafumiro gha dazi uko vigaŵa vinandi vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Niger vikawa pasi pa muwuso wake, kusazgapo Agadez uyo wakathereskeka mu 1496.<ref name="Bradt"/><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.worldhistory.org/Songhai_Empire/| title = Songhai Empire| publisher = World History Encyclopedia| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190729123752/https://www.worldhistory.org/Songhai_Empire/| archive-date = 29 July 2019| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.africankingdoms.com African Kingdoms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519102901/http://www.africankingdoms.com/ |date=19 May 2019 }} African kingdoms – The Songhai Empire</ref> Ufumu uwu ukatondeka kulimbana na kuwukira kwa ufumu wa Saadi wa ku Morocco ndipo ukathereskeka pa nkhondo ya ku Tondibi mu 1591; pamanyuma ukagaŵikana mu maufumu ghachokochoko.<ref name=countrystudy/> ====Sultanate of Aïr (1400s–1906)==== [[File:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque cropped.jpg|thumb|right|[[Agadez Mosque|The Grand Mosque of Agadez]]]] {{Main|Sultanate of Aïr}} Mu 1449 kumpoto kwa Niger, Sultanate of Aïr wakapangika na Sultan Ilisawan, uyo wakakhalanga ku Agadez. Pakwamba, msumba uwu ukaŵa waka malo ghakusungirako malonda gha ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Hausa na ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg. Mu 1515, Aïr wakathereskeka na Songhai, ndipo wakalutilira kuŵa cigaŵa ca ufumu uwu mpaka apo ukamalira mu 1591.<ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo, ufumu uwu "ukwenera kuti ukayamba kuchepa" cifukwa ca nkhondo za pakati pa mafuko. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakati ŵafika pa malo agha, msumba wa Agadez ukaŵa mu mahami ndipo Ŵafalansa ndiwo ŵakamba kuwupoka.<ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="H-Dictionary"/> ====Kanem–Bornu Empire (700s–1700s)==== {{Main|Kanem–Bornu Empire|Sultanate of Damagaram}} Ku mafumiro gha dazi, ufumu wa Kanem ⁇ Bornu ukaŵa na mazaza pa malo agho ghakaŵa pafupi na Nyanja ya Chad. Mzinda uwu ukasangika na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Zaghawa mu vyaka vya m'ma 800 C.E. ndipo ukaŵa ku Njimi, kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa nyanja iyi. Ufumu uwu ukakuranga pachokopachoko, kusazgapo nyengo ya muwuso wa Sayfawa uwo ukamba mu 1075 pasi pa Mai (mfumu) Hummay.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ryder|first=A.F.C.|title=General History of Africa: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|location=Paris|page=239|editor=D.T. Niane}}</ref><ref name="ancient2">{{cite web| url = https://www.worldhistory.org/Kingdom_of_Kanem/| title = Kingdom of Kanem| publisher = World History Encyclopedia| author = Cartwright, Mark| date = 23 April 2019| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190508165923/https://www.worldhistory.org/Kingdom_of_Kanem/| archive-date = 8 May 2019| url-status = live}}</ref> Ufumu uwu ukafika pachanya chomene mu vyaka vya m'ma 1200, chifukwa cha kulimbikira kwa Mai Dunama Dibbalemi (r. 1210 ⁇ 1259), ndipo ukakura "wakusambazga" chifukwa cha kuwusa kwake kwa ma Trans-Saharan malonda; vigaŵa vinandi vya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera-kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Niger, kusazgapo Bilma na Kaouar, vikaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Kanem mu nyengo iyi. Ŵamalonda Ŵaarabu ndiwo ŵakiza na cisopo ca Cisilamu mu caru ici mu virimika vya m'ma 1100, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kusopa cisopo ici. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bulala ŵakasuzga Kanem kuti wafumire kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Nyanja ya Chad, uko kukamanyikwanga kuti Ufumu wa Bornu. Ufumu uwu ukawusanga mu tawuni ya Ngazargamu, iyo sono ni mphaka ya Niger na Nigeria.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ryder|first=A.F.C.|title=General History of Africa: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century|year=1981|publisher=UNESCO|location=Paris|pages=258–65|editor=D.T. Niane}}</ref><ref name="ancient2"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The History of Islam in Africa|year=2000|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780864864543|author-link=Nehemia Levtzion|author1=Nehemia Levtzion|author2=Randall Pouwels|publisher=Ohio University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780864864543/page/81 81]}}</ref> Bornu "wakakura comene" mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Mai Idris Alooma (wakababika ca mu 1575-1610) ndipo wakathereskaso vigaŵa vinandi vya Kanem, lekani ufumu uwu ukacemekanga kuti 'Kanem ⁇ Bornu'. Kuzakafika mu vilimika vya m'ma 1600 na vya m'ma 1700, ufumu wa ku Bornu ukaŵa kuti 'ukumara,' ndipo ukaweleraso ku Nyanja ya Chad.<ref name=countrystudy/><ref name="ancient2"/> Mu 1730/40, gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Kanuri likaluta kukakhala ku Kanem ndipo likambiska ufumu wa Damagaram, uwo ukaŵa ku Zinder. Ufumu uwu ukaŵa pasi pa ufumu wa Borno m'paka apo Sultan Tanimoune Dan Souleymane wakawusira mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Sokoto ŵakaŵawukira, ndipo ŵakaŵathereska mu 1899.<ref name="Bradt"/> ====The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s–1800s)==== [[File:Photo1906 Zinder overview.jpg|thumb|Overlooking the town of [[Zinder]] and the Sultan's Palace from the French fort (1906). The arrival of the French spelled an end for precolonial states like the [[Sultanate of Damagaram]] which carried on only as ceremonial "chiefs" appointed by the colonial government.]] {{Main|Hausa Kingdoms|Dosso Kingdom|Dendi Kingdom}} Pakati pa Mlonga wa Niger na Nyanja ya Chad kukaŵa uthemba wa Hausa, uwo ukazingilizga cigaŵa ca Hausaland ico pamanyuma cikazgoka mphaka ya Niger na Nigeria. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Hausa ŵakuyowoyeka kuti ni ŵanthu awo ŵakafuma ku mpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo ŵakamba kuŵa ŵanthu ŵakupambana mu vyaka vya m'ma 900 na 1400.<ref name="ancient3">{{cite web |author=Cartwright, Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226173321/https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |archive-date=26 December 2019 |access-date=13 November 2019 |publisher=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref><ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml| title = Hausa States| publisher = BBC| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180915100345/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml| archive-date = 15 September 2018| url-status = live}}</ref> Ŵakazomera chisopa cha Chisilamu kufuma mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400, ndipo nyengo zinyake visopa ivi vikaŵanga pamoza na visopa vinyake, ndipo vikapangiska kuti visopa ivi viŵe vyakupambana. Magulu ghanyake gha ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Hausa nga ni Azna, ghakaleka kusopa chisopa cha Chisilamu. (Chigaŵa cha Dogondoutchi chikulutilira kuŵa na ŵanthu awo ŵakugomezga kuti kuli vyamoyo).<ref name="Bradt"/><ref name=countrystudy/> Maufumu gha ku Hausa ghakaŵa ghakukolerana yayi, kweni ghakaŵanga na maufumu ghakupambanapambana agho ghakaŵanga ghakupambana. Ŵakaŵanga na gulu la ŵakaronga ndipo ŵakacitanga vinthu mwakuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakenderanga. Mathemba gha Ŵahausa ghakasankhikanga na ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa ŵa mu caru ndipo ghakaŵanga na mazaza ghakufumiskapo. Maufumu gha ku Hausa ghakaŵa na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri ivyo vikapangika na ŵana ŵankhondi na yumoza ŵa Bawo.<ref name="ancient3"/><ref name=countrystudy/> Bawo wakaŵa mwana yekha wa Daurama na Bayajidda (Abu Yazid kuyana na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakumanya mdauko) awo ŵakafuma ku Baghdad. Maufumu ghankhondi na ghatatu gha ku Hausa ghakaŵa Daura, Kano, Rano, Zaria, Gobir, Katsina na Biram.<ref name="boubou-hama"/><ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="autogenerated1"/> Nkhani iyi yikulongosoraso kuti Bawo wakaŵa na ŵana ŵanayi na mwanakazi munyake, ndipo ndiwo ŵakambiska mtundu wa 'Banza (wambura kuzomerezgeka) Bakwai': Zamfara, Kebbi, Nupe, Gwari, Yauri, Ilorin na Kwararafa. Boma linyake lichoko chomene ilo likaŵa la Konni, likaŵa la Birni-N'Konni.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> The [[Fulani]] (also called Peul, Fulbe etc.), a pastoral people found throughout the Sahel, began migrating to Hausaland during the 1200s–1500s.<ref name=countrystudy/><ref name="ancient3"/> Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Fulani ŵakakondwa yayi na chisopa cha Chisilamu icho chikaŵako pa malo agha. Munthu munyake wakusambira chomene wa mtundu wa Fulani, zina lake Usman Dan Fodio (wakafuma ku Gobir) wakati mu 1804 wakambiska chisopa cha Chisilamu.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/><ref name="Bradt"/><ref name=fisher1975>H. J. Fisher. The Sahara and Central Sudan. in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179. Richard Gray, J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, eds. Cambridge University Press, (1975) {{ISBN|0-521-20413-5}} pp. 134–6</ref> Wati wathereska vigaŵa vinandi vya Hausaland (kweni ufumu wa Bornu ukaŵa kuti ngwambura kukolerana na ufumu wake yayi), mu 1809 wakapharazga ufumu wa Sokoto. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mtundu wa Hausa ŵakapona cifukwa cakuti ŵakacimbilira kumwera, nga ni ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Katsina awo ŵakasamira ku Maradi, kumwera kwa Niger. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi vikasuzga Caliphate ndipo nyengo ya nkhondo yikamba, vyaru vinyake (nga ni Katsina na Gobir) vikalutilira kujiyimira paŵekha, apo kunyake vikapangika vyaru viphya (nga ni Sultanate of Tessaoua). Ufumu wa Caliphate ukalutilira kukhalako mpaka apo "wakatimbanizgika comene" cifukwa ca kuwukira kwa mulongozgi wa nkhondo Rabih az-Zubayr, uyo wakakhalanga ku Chad, ndipo paumaliro ukawira mu mawoko gha Ŵabritish mu 1903, ndipo pamasinda caru cake cikagaŵikana pakati pa Britain na France. Maufumu ghanyake ghacoko mu nyengo iyi ni ufumu wa Dosso, uwo ukaŵako mu 1750, uwo ukalimbana na muwuso wa Hausa na Sokoto.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> ===Colonial (1900–58)=== {{Main|Senegambia and Niger|Upper Senegal and Niger|French West Africa|Colony of Niger}} Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800 ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Europe ŵakaluta ku malo agho ghakachemeka Niger, nga ni Mungo Park (mu 1805 ⁇ 06), Oudney-Denham-Clapperton expedition (1822 ⁇ 25), Heinrich Barth (1850 ⁇ 55; na James Richardson na Adolf Overweg), Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs (1865 ⁇ 67), Gustav Nachtigal (1869 ⁇ 74) na Parfait-Louis Monteil (1890 ⁇ 92). Vyaru vinyake vya ku Europe vikaŵa kale na virwa vinyake mu Africa, ndipo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, vikamba kughanaghanira vyakumukati mwa caru ici. Ndondomeko iyi yikamanyikwa na zina lakuti 'Chisulo cha ku Africa' ndipo yikamara na ungano uwo ukacitikira ku Berlin mu 1885. Pa ungano uwu, vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na mazaza ghakupambanapambana vikalongosora umo vyaru vya mu Africa vikwenera kugaŵikana. Pa cifukwa ici, caru ca France cikapoka cigaŵa ico cikaŵa mu mphepete mwa Mlonga wa Niger (cigaŵa ico lero ni Mali na Niger). Kufuma apo, caru ca France cikamba kuwusa nadi caru ici. Mu 1897, msilikari wa ku France Marius Gabriel Cazemajou wakatumika ku Niger; iyo wakafika ku Sultanate of Damagaram mu 1898 ndipo wakakhala ku Zinder ku khoti la Sultan Amadou Kouran Daga ⁇ . Wakakomeka pamanyuma pakuti Daga wakawopanga kuti wangakolerana na mulongozgi wa nkhondo Rabih az-Zubayr wa ku Chad. Mu 1899-1900, France yikanozga maulendo ghatatu ghakuluta ku vyaru vya ku Africa. Maulendo agha ghakaŵa gha Ŵamitundu kufuma ku French Congo, Foureau-Lamy kufuma ku Algeria na Voulet kufuma ku Timbuktu. Ŵasilikari ŵatatu aŵa ŵakakumana ku Kousséri (kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Cameroon) ndipo ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Rabih az-Zubayr pa nkhondo ya ku Kousséri. Gulu la Voulet-Chanoine "likasuzgika na nkhaza", ndipo "likamanyikwanga chomene" chifukwa cha kupoka vinthu, kupoka, kukolelera na kukoma ŵanthu ŵa ku Niger. Pa 8 May 1899, pakuwezgera cifukwa ca kukana kwa fumukazi Sarraounia, kapitawo Voulet na ŵanalume ŵake ŵakakoma ŵanthu wose ŵa mu muzi wa Birni-N'Konni, ndipo ici cikaŵa "cinthu cakofya comene mu mbiri ya French colonial". Macitiro gha Voulet na Chanoine ghakapangiska "mbuwu" ndipo Paris wakeneranga kunjilirapo; apo Lieutenant-Colonel Jean-François Klobb wakakumana na gulu ili pafupi na Tessaoua kuti waŵafumiskeko udindo, wakakomeka. Lt. Paul Joalland, uyo kale wakaŵa mulara wa Klobb, na Lt. Paumaliro Octave Meynier ndiyo wakambiska gulu ili, pamasinda pa kugaluka uko kukakoma Voulet na Chanoine. Boma la ŵasilikari la Niger likapangika mu Disembala 1904 ku Upper Senegal na Niger (pamanyuma ku Burkina Faso, Mali na Niger) ndipo likuru lake likaŵa Niamey. Mpaka wa ku Britain na Nigeria ukamara mu 1910, pakuti vyaru viŵiri ivi vikaŵa kuti vyakolerana kale mu mapangano gha pakati pa 1898 na 1906. Msumba wa boma ili ukasamuskikira ku Zinder mu 1912 apo boma la Niger likapatukana na la Upper Senegal na la Niger, ndipo likasamuskikira ku Niamey mu 1922 apo Niger yikazgoka boma la Ŵafalansa ku West Africa. Malire gha Niger ghakaŵikika mu vigaŵa viŵiri ndipo ghakaŵikika pa malo ghake mu ma 1930. Mu nyengo iyi vinthu vikasintha mu vigaŵa vinyake. Vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa mlonga wa Niger vikapelekeka ku Niger mu 1926-1927, ndipo apo boma la Upper Volta (lero ni Burkina Faso) likamara mu 1932-1947, vigaŵa vinandi vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi vikasazgikira ku Niger. Ŵafalansa ŵakagwiliskira nchito muwuso wambura kulongosoka, kuti ŵalutilire kuwusa mu nyengo ya ŵakoloni, uku ŵakuzomera kuwusa kwa Ŵafalansa. Zarma wa ku ufumu wa Dosso wakazomera kuwusika na Ŵafalansa, ndipo wakaŵagwiliskiranga nchito nga mbalwani kuti ŵarwe na ŵanthu ŵa ku Hausa na ŵanyakhe awo ŵakakhalanga kufupi na iwo. Ŵakawona kuti boma la France likukhumba kuwukira, nga ni kuwukira kwa Kobkitanda mu chigaŵa cha Dosso (1905 ⁇ 06), uko wakalongozgekanga na Alfa Saibou, na kuwukira kwa Karma mu chigodobu cha Niger (December 1905 ⁇ March 1906) uko wakalongozgekanga na Oumarou Karma.<ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="H-Dictionary">{{cite book |author1=Decalo, Sameul |author2=Idrissa, Abdourahmane |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |date=1 June 2012 |isbn=9780810870901 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFFjEMjKrWkC&pg=PA286 |access-date=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153320/https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=GFFjEMjKrWkC&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286 |archive-date=25 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''UNESCO General History of Africa'', Vol. VIII: Africa Since 1935. Ali A. Mazrui, Christophe Wondji, Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, eds. University of California Press, (1999) {{ISBN|0-520-06703-7}} pp. 70–3</ref> Nangauli Ŵafalansa ŵakakhozgeranga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga waka kumwera, kweni ŵakasuzgikanga chomene na Ŵatuwareg ku mpoto. Ŵakafika ku Agadez mu 1906. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg ŵakalutilira kulimbana na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Kaocen, ndipo ŵakagalukira boma. Pa nyengo iyi, Ag Mohammed Wau Teguidda Kaocen wakadangiliranga gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Senussi. Ŵafalansa ŵakakhazikiska boma la ŵanthu ŵambura kugomezgeka, ndipo "kuwelera pasi na kulekeka" kwa cigaŵa ca kumpoto kwa caru ici kukalutilira, ndipo kukaŵaso njara. Nangauli charu ichi chikaŵa "chambura kukhazikika", kweni vinthu vikasintha mu Niger mu nyengo ya Ufumu wa Ŵaroma. Vinthu vyakuti viwovwire ŵanthu kusanga cakurya vikapangika pamanyuma pa njara zikuru izo zikaŵako mu 1913, 1920, na 1931.<ref name="Bradt"/><ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Pa nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose, apo caru ca France cikaŵa mu mawoko gha Nazi, Charles de Gaulle wakalemba chikalata chakucemeka kuti Brazzaville Declaration, ico cikayowoya kuti ufumu wa France uzamumalizgika na boma la France. Boma la France, ilo likaŵako kufuma mu 1946 m'paka mu 1958, likapeleka wanangwa ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa Britain kuti ŵaŵe ŵenekaya ŵa charu cha France. Pa nyengo iyi ndipo chipani cha Nigerien Progressive Party (Parti Progressiste Nigérien, panji PPN, icho pakwamba chikaŵa chigaŵa cha African Democratic Rally, panji Rassemblement Démocratique Africain  ⁇  RDA) chikapangika pasi pa ulongozgi wa msambizgi wakale Hamani Diori, nga ni chipani cha Movement Socialiste Africain-Sawaba (MSA), icho chikalongozgekanga na Djibo Bakary. Pamanyuma pa Dango la Ŵapharazgi ŵa ku vyaru vinyake (Loi Cadre) la pa 23 Julayi 1956 na kukhazikiskika kwa boma la Fifth French Republic pa 4 Disembala 1958, charu cha Niger chikamba kuŵa na mazaza ghekha mu French Community. Pa Disembala 18, 1958, boma la Niger likapangika ndipo Hamani Diori ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa boma ili. Mu 1959 boma likakanizga MSA cifukwa ca kutinkha comene ŵanthu ŵa ku France. Pa 11 July 1960, Niger yikasankha kuti yifumemo mu French Community ndipo yikamba kujiyimira payekha pa 3 August, 1960 nyengo ya pakati pa usiku. Ntheura Diori wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa charu ichi.<ref>Keesing's Contemporary Archives, page 17569.</ref><ref name="djibo03">Mamoudou Djibo. Les enjeux politiques dans la colonie du Niger (1944–1960). Autrepart no 27 (2003), pp. 41–60.</ref> ===Post-colonial (1960–)=== ====Diori years (1960–74)==== [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F028554-0009, Niger, Staatsbesuch Bundespräsident Lübke.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|200px|right|Pulezidenti Hamani Diori na Pulezidenti wa ku Germany Heinrich Lübke ŵakutawuzga wumba pa ulendo wa boma ku Niamey, 1969. Muwuso wa Diori ukaŵa wa chipani chimoza pera ndipo ukaŵa na "ubwezi uwemi" na vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi.]] Kwa vyaka 14 vyakwambilira vya ufumu wa Niger, boma likaŵa na chipani chimoza icho chikaŵa pasi pa Hamani Diori.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamani-Diori|title=Encyclopedia Britannica - Hamni Diori|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903003241/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamani-Diori|archive-date=3 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> M'ma 1960 ŵanthu ŵakasambira vinandi yayi pa nkhani ya masambiro, kweniso vinthu vikasintha pa nkhani ya chuma na mafakitale.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Diori wakazomerezga kuti ku France kuŵe migodi ya uranium ku Arlit ndipo wakawovwira France pa nkhondo ya ku Algeria.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Mdauko wa vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa ukaŵa "uwemi", kupaturako Dahomey (Benin), cifukwa ca mphindano ya mphaka. Mu nyengo yose iyi, boma la Niger likaŵa na chipani chimoza pera, ndipo Diori wakapona pa chiŵembu icho chikachitika mu 1963 na chiyezgo cha kumukoma mu 1965; viŵembu vinandi ivi vikachitikanga na gulu la Djibo Bakary la MSA-Sawaba ilo likambiska chigaluka mu 1964.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Jon Abbink |author2=Mirjam de Bruijn, Klaas van Walraven |title=Rethinking Resistance: revolt and violence in African history |year=2003 |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/9606/ASC_1267345_058.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |isbn=90-04-12624-4 |chapter=''Sawaba's Rebellion in Niger (1964-64)'' |access-date=21 November 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805010044/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/9606/ASC_1267345_058.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu ma 1970, masuzgo gha vyachuma, njara, na milandu ya vimbundi na kuleka kunozga makora vyakurya, vikapangiska kuti boma liwukirepo ndipo boma la Diori likathereskeka.. ====First military regime (1974–1991)==== Wupu uwu ukapangika na Col. Seyni Kountché na gulu la ŵasilikari lakucemeka Conseil Militaire Supreme, ndipo Kountché wakalutilira kuwusa caru mpaka apo wakafwira mu 1987.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> The first action of the military government was to address the food crisis.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20141022153822/http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/servlet/BMEve?codeEve=574 Renversement du président Hamani Diori au Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022153822/http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/servlet/BMEve?codeEve=574 |date=22 October 2014 }}. ''Perspective monde'', 15 avril 1974</ref> Nangauli boma la Diori likafwatura ŵakayidi awo ŵakakhalanga mu jele chifukwa cha ndyali, kweni wanangwa wa ŵanthu na wanangwa wa ŵanthu "ukalutilira kunangika". Pakaŵaso viyezgo vya kupoka boma (mu 1975, 1976 na 1984) ivyo vikatimbanizgika, ndipo awo ŵakavipangiska ŵakalangika.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Kountché wakakhumbanga kupanga "bungwe lakukhozga ŵanthu", ilo likasanganga ndalama zinandi kufuma ku migodi ya uranium ku Agadez Region. Makampani gha boma ghakapangika, nyumba zinandi zikapangika (kuzenga misewu, masukulu, na malo ghakusungirako umoyo), ndipo pakaŵaso vimbundi mu mawupu gha boma, ivyo Kountché wakaleka yayi kulanga. M'ma 1980, Kountché wakamba kucepeskako mazaza gha ŵasilikari, ndipo boma likamba kucepeskako mazaza gha ŵasilikari, na kuyezgayezga kuti boma liŵe nga ni ŵanthu. Chuma chikamba kukwera chomene apo mitengo ya uranium yikakhira, ndipo boma la IMF likamba kukanizga ŵanthu kugura vinthu vyawo, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu Nigeria ŵakane. Mu 1985, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg ŵakagaluka ku Tchintabaraden. Kountché wakafwa mu Novembala 1987 cifukwa ca kansa ya mu wongo, ndipo wakasinthika na mulongozgi wake wa ŵasilikari, Col. Ali Saibou uyo wakazomelezgeka kuŵa mulongozgi wa Supreme Military Council pamanyuma pa mazuŵa ghanayi. Saibou wakawuskapo vinthu vinyake ivyo vikacitikanga mu nyengo ya Kountché (nga ni polisi ya cisisi na kuŵika malango pa vinthu ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu nyuzipepara), ndipo wakambiska ndondomeko ya kusintha vinthu mu ndyali iyo yikalongozgekanga na gulu limoza (Mouvement National pour la Société du Développement, panji MNSD). Boma lakwamba likaŵa la Ŵaroma, ndipo lachiŵiri likaŵa la Ŵaroma. General Saibou wakazgoka pulezidenti wakwamba wa Second Republic pamanyuma pakutonda pa chisankho cha pulezidenti pa 10 December 1989. Mulimo wa Pulezidenti Saibou wa kuwongolera kusintha vinthu mu ndyali watondeka cifukwa ca ivyo ŵamalonda na ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakukhumba kuti paŵe demokilase ya vipani vinandi. Pa 9 February, 1990, ku Niamey kukaŵa chiwawa icho chikapangiska kuti ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵatatu ŵakomeke, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti boma na vyaru vinyake viŵachichizge kuti ŵasinthe vinthu. Kuumaliro wa 1990, boma la Saibou likazomera ivyo ŵakakhumbanga. Pa nyengo iyi, masuzgo ghakambaso mu chigaŵa cha Agadez apo gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg likalukira tawuni ya Tchintabaraden (uyo ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti ndiwo ŵakambiska kuwukira kwa mtundu wa Tuareg), ivyo vikapangiska kuti ŵasilikari ŵakome ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene. (Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumanya yayi unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakomeka, kweni ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakwana 70 panji 1,000).<ref name="H-Dictionary"/>[[File:Ali Saibou cropped.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ali Saibou, President 1987–93, helped oversee the transition from military to civilian rule]] ====National Conference and Third Republic (1991–1996)==== Msonkhano wa National Sovereign wa mu 1991 unabweretsa demokalase ya zipani zambiri. Kwambira pa Julayi 29 mpaka pa Novembala 3, pa ungano wa caru cose uwu pakawungana ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose kuti ŵapeleke ulongozgi wakukhwaskana na umo vinthu viŵirenge mu caru. Pa ungano uwu pakaŵa Prof. André Salifou ndipo wakapangiska pulani ya boma lakusintha vinthu; ilo likaŵikika mu Novembala 1991 kuti lilongozge vinthu vya boma mpaka apo maboma gha Third Republic ghakaŵikira mu Epulero 1993. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa National Sovereign Conference, boma la nyengo yichoko waka likalemba dango la chalo ilo likasintha dango la chipani chimoza ilo likaŵako mu 1989, ndipo likapeleka wanangwa ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Ndondomeko yiphya ya malango yikazomerezgeka pa 26 Disembala 1992. Pamanyuma pa ichi, chisankho cha pulezidenti chikachitika ndipo Mahamane Ousmane wakaba pulezidenti wakwamba wa Third Republic pa 27 March 1993.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/><ref name="auto1">Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p685 {{ISBN|0-19-829645-2}}</ref> Mu nyengo ya Ousmane, boma likasintha kankhondi na kankhondi, ndipo mu 1995 kukaŵa mavoti gha wupu wa malango. Nkhaza mu Agadez Region zikalutilira mu nyengo iyi, ivyo vikapangiska kuti boma la Niger lisayinire phangano la mtende na ŵakugaluka ŵa Tuareg mu 1992. Kweni phangano ili likaŵa lawaka chifukwa cha kususkana pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mtundu wa Toubou ŵakakwiya na ivyo boma la Niger likacita ku vigaŵa vyawo. Iwo ŵakatenge boma la Niger likutondeka kovwira ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu. Mu Epulero 1995, boma likasazga phangano la mtende na gulu la ŵanthu ŵakugaluka ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg, ndipo likazomerezga kuti ŵasilikari ŵanyake awo kale ŵakagalukiranga boma ŵaŵapokelere mu gulu la ŵasilikari, ndipo na wovwiri wa caru ca France, ŵakawovwire ŵanyake kuti ŵambeso umoyo uwemi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Publications|first1=USA International Business|title=Niger Foreign Policy and Government Guide|date=2007|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=9781433036873|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwInUH18i8wC&q=The+niger+agreed+to+absorb+some+of+the+former+rebels+into+the+military+and%2C+with+French+assistance%2C+to+help+others+return+to+a+productive+civilian+life.&pg=PA28|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ====Second military regime and third military regime (1996–1999)==== Cifukwa cakuti boma likaŵa kuti lindambe kwendera fundo zake, ŵasilikari ŵakacitapo kanthu; pa Janyuwale 27, 1996, Col. Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara wakadangilira kuwukira uko kukawuskapo Pulezidenti Ousmane na kumazga muwuso wa Third Republic.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/28/world/world-news-briefs-niger-s-elected-president-ousted-in-military-coup.html?pagewanted=1 Niger's Elected President Ousted in Military Coup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803195752/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/28/world/world-news-briefs-niger-s-elected-president-ousted-in-military-coup.html?pagewanted=1 |date=3 August 2018 }} New York Times, 28 January 1996</ref><ref name=Obit>Kaye Whiteman, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095159/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19990412/ai_n14221141 "Obituary: Ibrahim Bare Mainassara"], ''The Independent'' (London), 12 April 1999.</ref> Maïnassara wakalongozga wupu wa Conseil de Salut National (National Salvation Council) uwo ukapangika na ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵapo pa nyengo ya myezi 6, apo ŵakanozga dango la chalo ndipo likapelekeka pa 12 May 1996. Mu myezi yakulondezgapo, pakaŵaso upharazgi wapadera. Maïnassara wakanjira mu kampeni nga ni munthu wakujiyimira payekha ndipo wakathereska chisankho pa 8 Julayi 1996, chisankho ichi chikawonekanga kuti ntchiheni, chifukwa komiti ya chisankho yikasinthika pa kampeni. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, Maïnassara wakambiska pulogiramu ya privatization yakuzomerezgeka na IMF na World Bank iyo yikaŵapangiska kuŵa ŵasambazi ŵanji awo ŵakamulondezganga, kweni wupu wa ŵamalonda ukakana. Pamanyuma pa mavoti ghaupusikizgi mu 1999, gulu lakuwukira boma likati lilekerethu kukolerana na boma la Maïnassara. Mu nyengo zambura kumanyikwa (panji kuti wakakhumbanga kucimbira mu caru), Maïnassara wakakomeka pa 9 Epulero 1999 pa Airport ya Niamey.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358644/Ibrahim-Bare-Mainassara|title=Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=9 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330145938/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358644/Ibrahim-Bare-Mainassara|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1999: President of Niger 'killed in ambush'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/9/newsid_2463000/2463927.stm|access-date=9 April 2014|newspaper=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415001633/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/9/newsid_2463000/2463927.stm|archive-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Maj. Daouda Malam Wanké wakayamba kuwusa, ndipo wakapangiska National Reconciliation Council kuti yilongozge pa kulemba dango la chalo la French-style semi-presidential. Ndondomeko iyi yikapelekeka pa Ogasiti 9, 1999, ndipo pamasinda pa Okutobala na Novembala pakachitika visankho vya pulezidenti na vya nduna. Ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru ŵakayowoya kuti visankho vikachitika mwawanangwa. Pamanyuma pake Wanké wakaleka nchito ya boma.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> ====Fifth Republic (1999–2009)==== [[File:Nigerien MNJ fighter technical gun.JPG|thumb|A [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] rebel fighter in northern Niger during the Second Tuareg Rebellion, 2008]] Wati wawina masankho mu Novembala 1999, Pulezidenti Tandja Mamadou wakalapa pa 22 Disembala 1999 nga ni pulezidenti wakwamba wa Fifth Republic. Mamadou wakawovwira kuti vinthu vyende makora pa nkhani ya ndyali, kweniso kuti vinthu vyende makora pa nkhani ya ndyali.<ref>{{citation|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2005/07/144962-un-world-court-decides-niger-benin-border-dispute|publisher=UN News|title=UN World Court decides Niger, Benin border dispute|date=13 July 2019|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108193311/https://news.un.org/en/story/2005/07/144962-un-world-court-decides-niger-benin-border-dispute|archive-date=8 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Fabio Spadi (2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060929032048/http://www.ljil.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=5&c=186 The ICJ Judgment in the Benin-Niger Border Dispute: the interplay of titles and ‘effectivités’ under the uti possidetis juris principle, ''Leiden Journal of International Law''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929032048/http://www.ljil.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=5&c=186 |date=29 September 2006 }} 18: 777–794</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2002, ku Niamey, Diffa, na Nguigmi kukacitika vivulupi mu misasa ya ŵasilikari, ndipo mu mazuŵa ghacoko waka boma likamazga vivulupi. Pa Julayi 24, 2004, kukacitika masankho gha boma kuti ŵasankhe ŵimiliri awo ŵakimikika na boma. Chisankho ichi chikalondezgana na chisankho cha pulezidenti, apo Mamadou wakasankhikaso kwa nyengo yachiŵiri, ntheura wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa chalo ichi kuwina visankho vyakulondezgana kwambura kuwuskika na ŵasilikari.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622081649/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/NIGER_RMO1611_04122004.pdf "RAPPORT DE LA MISSION D’OBSERVATION DES ELECTIONS PRESIDENTIELLES ET LEGISLATIVES DES 16 NOVEMBRE ET 4 DECEMBRE 2004"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622081649/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/NIGER_RMO1611_04122004.pdf |date=22 June 2007 }}, democratie.francophonie.org {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> Wupu wakulongozga na wupu wa malango vikalutilira kuyana na umo vikaŵira mu nyengo yakwamba ya pulezidenti: Hama Amadou wakasoleka kuŵa nduna yikuru ndipo Mahamane Ousmane, mulongozgi wa chipani cha CDS, wakasoleka kuŵa mulongozgi wa wupu wa malango (parliament) na ŵanyake. Mu 2007, ubale pakati pa Pulezidenti Tandja Mamadou na nduna yake "wakatimbanizgika", ivyo vikapangiska kuti mu Juni 2007 wasinthike na Seyni Oumarou pamasinda pa voti ya kuwoneseska kuti palije chigomezgo mu Nyumba ya Malamulo. Pulezidenti Tandja Mamadou wakakhumbanga kuti nyengo ya kuwusa kwake yilute panthazi mwa kusintha dango ilo likakanizganga ŵanthu kuwusa nyengo yitali. Awo ŵakakolerana na fundo yakuti boma likhale kwa nyengo yitali, ŵakakolerana na gulu la ŵanthu ŵakucemeka kuti "Tazartche" (kufuma ku lizgu la Chihausa ilo likung'anamura "kukhala nyengo yitali"), kweni ŵakasuskika na gulu la ŵanthu ŵakucemeka kuti "anti-Tazartche" ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵakulimbana na boma kweniso ŵakususka boma. Ku mpoto kwa caru ici kukawuka viwawa vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg mu 2007. Mu 2009, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakoleka ndipo ŵakamanyikwa kuti mbanthu ŵambura kugomezgeka. Vuto la "kukhazikika" kwa chitetezo m'chigawochi likuganiziridwa kuti ndilo linapangitsa kuti gulu la Al-Qaeda mu Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) likhazikike m'dzikoli.<ref name="H-Dictionary"/> ====Fourth military regime (2009–2010)==== Mu 2009, pulezidenti Tandja Mamadou wakanozga vyakuti wapange referendum kuti wawuskepo muwuso wake, kweni vipani vinyake vikakolerana navyo yayi. Pamanyuma Mamadou wakasintha na kukhazikiska dango liphya, ilo Khoti la Vyamalango likati ndambura kuzomerezgeka, ivyo vikapangiska kuti Mamadou wasankhepo Khoti ili na kupoka mazaza ghapadera.<ref name=Reutersjune26>[https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLQ2439220090626 Niger president rules by decree after court snub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629050556/http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLQ2439220090626 |date=29 June 2009 }}. Reuters. Fri 26 June 2009</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8121974.stm Emergency powers for Niger leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116071655/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8121974.stm |date=16 November 2018 }}. BBC. 26 June 2009.</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakususka ŵakakana kupulika fundo iyi, ndipo dango la chalo likapokeka na ŵanthu 92.5% ndipo ŵanthu 68% ŵakaluta ku mavoti, kuyana na ivyo vikawoneka. Ndondomeko iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe muwuso wa chalo cha 6 na boma la pulezidenti, na boma la kanyengo ka vyaka vitatu la Tandja Mamadou. Vinthu ivi vikapangiska kuti mu caru muŵe vivulupi pa ndyali na pa umoyo wa ŵanthu. Mu Febuluwale 2010, ŵasilikari ŵakakhazikiska boma la Salou Djibo, chifukwa chakuti Tandja wakakhumbanga kusazgirako nyengo iyo wakhalenge mu boma. Wupu wakulongozgeka na Djibo, ukacita ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa vinthu, ndipo ukasora dango la chalo, na kupanga mavoti mu 2011. ====Seventh Republic (2010–)==== Pamanyuma pa kupika dango la chalo mu chaka cha 2010 na kusankhika kwa pulezidenti chaka chimoza pamanyuma, Mahamadou Issoufou wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa chalo cha 7th Republic; ndipo wakasankhikaso mu chaka cha 2016.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-niger-election-idUSKCN0WO0ZN "Boycott helps Niger President Issoufou win re-election"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304072455/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-niger-election-idUSKCN0WO0ZN |date=4 March 2020 }}, Reuters, 22 March 2016.</ref><ref name="H-Dictionary"/> Ndondomeko iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe muwuso wa mulongozgi yumoza, uwo ukalekeka chaka chimoza kumanyuma. Mu 2011, boma likakhumba kumupoka, kweni likamutondeska ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵake ŵakakakika. Nyengo iyo Issoufou wakaŵa paudindo yikamanyikwa na masuzgo agho ghakaŵapo chifukwa cha nkhondo iyo yikachitikanga ku Libya na kumpoto kwa Mali, uchigaluka uwo ukachitikanga kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Niger na al-Qaeda na Islamic State, uchigaluka wa Boko Haram uwo ukachitikanga ku Nigeria uwo ukafika na kumwera cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Niger, na kugwiliskira ntchito charu cha Niger nga ni charu icho ŵanthu ŵakujumphamo kuti ŵalute ku charu chinyake. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku France na America ŵakovwira Niger kulimbana na masuzgo agha..<ref>{{cite web|title=France ready to strike extremists on Libya border|url=http://asian-defence-news.blogspot.fr/2015/01/france-ready-to-strike-extremists-on.html|website=Asian Defense News|date=6 January 2015|publisher=6 January 2015|access-date=6 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031907/http://asian-defence-news.blogspot.fr/2015/01/france-ready-to-strike-extremists-on.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pa Disembala 27, 2020, ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria ŵakaluta ku mavoti pamanyuma pakuti Issoufou wapharazga kuti wafumengepo pa udindo, na kunozga nthowa kuti vinthu viŵe makora. Pakaŵavya uyo wakasangika na voti yinandi, kweni Mohamed Bazoum ndiyo wakasanga 39.33%. Kuyana na dango la chalo, pa 20 February 2021, pakachitika chisankho chachiŵiri, ndipo Bazoum wakapokera 55.75% ya mavoti ndipo uyo wakususka (ndipo kale wakaŵa pulezidenti) Mahamane Ousmane wakapokera 44.25%, kuyana na ivyo komiti ya chisankho yikayowoya. Pa 31 Malichi 2021, ŵasilikari ŵa Niger ŵakathereska chiŵembu cha ŵasilikari ku Niamey. Ŵanthu ŵakapulika kuphulika kwa futi mu nyumba ya pulezidenti. Cinthu ici cikacitika mazuŵa ghaŵiri pambere Mohamed Bazoum, uyo wakaŵa kuti wasankhika waka kuŵa pulezidenti wa caru ici, wandambe mulimo wake. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakakora ŵanthu ŵanyake. Pa 2 April, 2021, Bazoum wakalambikwa kuŵa pulezidenti wa Niger.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/2/niger-president-to-be-sworn-in-after-attempted-coup |title=Mohamed Bazoum sworn in as Niger's president amid tensions |work=Aljazeera |first=Giacomo |last=Zandonini |date=2 April 2021 |access-date=26 August 2021 }}</ref> ==Makhalilo gha charu== {{Main|Geography of Niger}} [[File:Ng-map.png|thumb|upright=1.15|A map of Niger]] {{MapLibrary|Niger sat.png|Niger}} Charu ichi chili ku West Africa ndipo chili pakati pa Sahara na vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Sahara. Charu ichi chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Nigeria na Benin, kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Burkina Faso na Mali, kumpoto kwa Algeria na Libya, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Chad. Charu ichi chili pakati pa 11° na 24°N, kweniso pakati pa 0° na 16°E. Munda wake ngwakuti 1,267,000 square kilometres (489,191 sq mi) ndipo 300 square kilometres (116 sq mi) ni maji. Ici cikung'anamura kuti ni caru cikuru comene kuluska ca France, ndipo nchigaŵa ca nambara 21 pa caru cose.<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa :: Niger — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=1 September 2019 }}</ref> Charu ichi chili na mphaka na vyaru 7, ndipo chili na utali wa makilomita 5,697. Mphepete mwa nyanja iyi muli charu cha Nigeria icho chili na mtunda wa makilomita 1,497. Charu cha Chad chili kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo chili pa mtunda wa makilomita 1,175. Charu cha Algeria chili kumpoto-kumanjiliro gha dazi, ndipo cha Mali chili pa mtunda wa makilomita 821. Charu cha Niger chili na mphaka na Burkina Faso pa 628 km (390 mi) na Benin pa 266 km (165 mi) na kumpoto-mpoto-kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Libya pa 354 km (220 mi). Malo gha pasi chomene ni pa Mlonga wa Niger, ndipo ghakukwera mamita 200. Malo ghapachanya chomene ni Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès mu mapiri gha Aïr. ===Climate=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map NER present.svg|thumb|Map of Köppen climate classification]] Ku malo ghanyake, nyengo ya kotcha na ya chipalamba yikupangiska kuti moto uŵeko kanandi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ramo|first1=Ruben|last2=Roteta|first2=Ekhi|last3=Bistinas|first3=Ioannis|last4=Wees|first4=Dave van|last5=Bastarrika|first5=Aitor|last6=Chuvieco|first6=Emilio|last7=Werf|first7=Guido R. van der|date=2021-03-02|title=African burned area and fire carbon emissions are strongly impacted by small fires undetected by coarse resolution satellite data|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=118|issue=9|doi=10.1073/pnas.2011160118|pmc=7936338|issn=0027-8424|pmid=33619088|bibcode=2021PNAS..11811160R |hdl=10810/50523 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Kumwera kwa caru ici kuli malo ghakuzizima agho ghakukhala mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Niger. Malo agha ghakaŵa mapopa, ndipo kumwera kukaŵa mapiri, kumpoto kukaŵa mapiri. ===Biodiversity=== {{Further|Wildlife of Niger}} [[File:Elephant dust bath park w niger.jpg|thumb|An elephant in the [[W National Park]] ]] Charu cha Niger chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi: Savanna ya Sahelian Acacia, Savanna ya West Sudan, Savanna ya Lake Chad, South Saharan steppe and woodlands, na West Saharan montane xeric woodlands. Kumpoto kwa caru ici kuli mapopa na malo ghanyake ghambura mapopa. Vinyama vinyake ivyo vikukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ni viyuni nga ni viyuni vya addax antelope, oryx, gazelle, ndipo ku mapiri kuli mberere za mtundu wa Barbary. Ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa charu ichi, kuli malo ghakucemeka Aïr and Ténéré National Nature Reserve. Kumwera kwa caru ici kuli vigaŵa ivyo ni vyakupambanapambana. W National Park, iyo yili ku mphaka ya Burkina Faso na Benin, njimoza mwa "malo ghakuzirwa comene" ku vyamoyo vyamuthengere ku West Africa. Malo agha ghakucemeka WAP (W ⁇ Arli ⁇ Pendjari) Complex. Ku malo agha kuli nkharamu za ku West Africa, ndipo kuli nkharamu ya Northwest African cheetah. Vinyama vinyake vyamuthengere ni njovu, njati, mphoyo, mphoyo za mu thengere, na mphoyo za ku mphepete. Giraffe wa ku West Africa wakusangika kumpoto uko wali na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni umo ŵalimi ŵakunanga vinthu chifukwa cha kukwera kwa unandi wa ŵanthu, kuska vyakurya mwambura kuzomerezgeka, moto wa mu nkhorongo mu vigaŵa vinyake, na umo ŵanthu ŵakunjilira mu malo agho ghakuphulika na maji gha mu Mlonga wa Niger kuti ŵalimenge mpunga. Vigeŵenga ivyo vili kuzengeka pa Mlonga wa Niger mu vyaru vya Mali na Guinea, kweniso mu Niger, ndivyo vyapangiska kuti maji gha mu Mlonga wa Niger ghaleke kwenda makora, ndipo ivi vikukhwaska comene malo agho tikukhala. Cinyake ico cikupangiska kuti viŵeto viluwenge ni "kuŵavya ŵantchito ŵakukwana" kuti ŵavikilire viŵeto mu malo ghakusungirako viŵeto. Mulimi wakuŵawovwira kuti ŵaleke kusuzgika na mphepo kufuma waka mu 1983 kuti ŵapange vyakurya vinandi na makuni, kweniso kuti ŵaleke kusuzgika na mphepo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hertsgaard|first=Mark|date=2009-11-19|title=Regreening Africa|language=en-US|journal=The Nation|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/regreening-africa/|access-date=2021-11-26|issn=0027-8378}}</ref> == Boma na ndyali == {{Main|Politics of Niger|Government of Niger}} Pa Okutobala 31, 2010, boma liphya la Niger likazomerezgeka. Likawuskaso ndondomeko ya kuwusa ya pulezidenti ya mu 1999 (Fifth Republic) apo pulezidenti wakusankhika na ŵanthu wose kwa vilimika vinkhondi, ndipo nduna yikuru iyo yikwimikika na pulezidenti ndiyo yikucita mulimo wa kuwusa. Pa 26 May 2009, Pulezidenti Tandja wakathura nyumba ya malango pamanyuma pakuti khoti la malango la boma la boma la [[Malaŵi|Malawi]] likanizga ndondomeko ya kupanga referendum pa nkhani ya kuzakazomerezga kuti waŵepo paudindo kachitatu. Mwakuyana na dango la boma, mu myezi yitatu yikeneranga kufika nyengo yakuti ŵasole nyumba ya malango yiphya. Ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe kulimbana pakati pa Tandja, uyo wakakhumbanga kuti wamalizge mazaza ghake agho ghakaŵa gha nyengo yichoko waka, na awo ŵakamususkanga, awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti wafumeko pa udindo wake para nyengo yake yachiŵiri yamara mu Disembala 2009. Wonani 2009 Nigerien constitutional crisis. Ŵasilikari ŵakapoka boma, ndipo Pulezidenti Tandja ŵakamujalira mu jele, ŵakamupusikizgira kuti wali na vimbundi. Ŵasilikari ŵakasunga layizgo lawo lakuti ŵazamuwezgerapo demokarase mu caru. Pakacitikaso mavoti na referendum pa nkhani ya malango gha caru cose. Chisankho cha pulezidenti chidachitika pa 31 January 2011, kweni pakuti pakaŵavya uyo wakathereskeka, chisankho chachiŵiri chikachitika pa 12 March 2011. Mahamadou Issoufou wa ku chipani cha Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pakaŵaso kusora ŵaboma.<ref>Ahmad, Romoke W. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201102030287.html "West Africa: Ecowas, EU Say Niger Elections Satisfactory"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629053302/http://allafrica.com/stories/201102030287.html |date=29 June 2011}}, ''Daily Trust'' (republished at AllAfrica.com), 3 February 2011.</ref><ref>Saidou, Djibril. [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-04/niger-s-presidential-election-heads-to-march-runoff.html "Niger’s Presidential Election Heads to March Runoff"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628204008/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-04/niger-s-presidential-election-heads-to-march-runoff.html |date=28 June 2011}}, ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', 4 February 2011.</ref><ref>Look, Anne. [http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Niger-Politicians-Forge-Alliances-Before-March-Election-116159734.html "Niger Politicians Forge Alliances Before March Election"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207212122/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Niger-Politicians-Forge-Alliances-Before-March-Election-116159734.html |date=7 February 2012}}, ''Voice of America'', 14 February 2011.</ref> ===Foreign relations=== [[File:Drapeau Niger ambassade Paris.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Niger's flag waving at the embassy in Paris]] {{Main|Foreign relations of Niger}} Boma la Niger likulongozga ndyali ya pa caru cose yayi ndipo likuŵa paubwezi na vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, vyaru vya Chisilamu, na vyaru ivyo vikukolerana navyo yayi. Wupu uwu uli mu UN na mabungwe ghanyake ndipo mu 1980-1981 ukaŵa mu wupu wakuwona vya chivikiliro wa UN. Niger yili paubwezi wapadera na caru ico kale cikaŵa pasi pa France, kweniso yili paubwezi na vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Charu ichi chili na wanangwa wakuchita vinthu nga ni umoza wa vyaru vya Africa na Western African Monetary Union. Charu ichi chili ku Niger Basin Authority na Lake Chad Basin Commission, Economic Community of West African States, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). Vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Niger vikukolerana na vigaŵa vya Mali na Burkina Faso pasi pa Liptako-Gourma Authority. Mu 2005, Khoti la Vyamalango la pa Charu Chose likadumura nkhani ya mphindano ya mphaka pakati pa charu cha Benin na charu cha Niger. Nkhani iyi yikakhwaska chomene chirwa cha Lété icho chili mu mlonga wa Niger. ===Military=== {{Further|Niger Armed Forces}} Ŵasilikari ŵa Niger (Forces armées nigériennes) ni ŵasilikari ŵa Niger, pasi pa pulezidenti uyo ni mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari. Vili na ŵasilikari ŵa Niger (Armée de Terre), ŵasilikari ŵa Niger Air Force (Armée de l'Air) na ŵasilikari ŵanyake, nga ni National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie nationale) na National Guard (Garde nationale). Ŵasilikari wose ŵaŵiri ŵakusambizgika nkhondo ndipo ŵakugwira nchito zinyake za nkhondo. Mu nyengo ya mtende, ŵakucita milimo ya ŵapolisi. Ŵasilikari ŵakukwana 12,900, kusazgapo 3,700 gendarmes, 3,200 national guards, 300 air force personnel, na 6,000 army personnel. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Niger ŵali kuchitapo vinthu vinandi ivyo vingapangiska kuti boma liwe, ndipo ivyo vyachitika sonosono apa ni vya mu 2010. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Niger ŵakukolerana na ŵasilikari ŵa ku France na United States. Mu 2013, ku Niamey kukaŵa malo agho kukaŵanga ndege za ku U.S. ===Judicial system=== {{Main|Judiciary of Niger}} Khoti ili likamba kugwira ntchito mu 1999 apo boma lachinayi la Niger likapangika. Ndondomeko ya malango ya Disembala 1992 yikasinthika pa 12 May 1996 ndipo pa 18 July 1999 yikasinthikaso na kuŵa umo yiliri sono. Ndondomeko iyi yikukolerana na dango la Code Napoléon, ilo likapangika mu Niger mu nyengo ya French colonial rule na Constitution ya 1960 ya Niger. Khoti la Appeal Court likusanda nkhani zakukhwaskana na ivyo vikacitika na ivyo vili mu dango, ndipo Khoti Likuru Chomene la Supreme Court likusanda nkhani zakukhwaskana na dango na ivyo vili mu dango. Khoti Likuru la Vyamalango (HCJ) ndilo likweruzga milandu ya ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma. Boma likuŵaso na makhoti gha milandu ya ŵanthu, makhoti gha mitheto, makhoti gha ŵasilikari, na makhoti ghanyake. Makhoti gha ŵasilikari ghakupika wanangwa wakuyana waka na makhoti gha milandu yaŵanthu. Kweni makhoti gha mitheto ghalije wanangwa uwu. Khoti la ŵasilikari lingeruzga ŵanthu bweka yayi.<ref name="USHRR2008">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090226175359/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119017.htm 2008 Human Rights Report: Niger] in 2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. (25 February 2009) As a publication of the United States Federal Government, this report is in the [[Public Domain]]. Portions of it may be used here verbatim.</ref><ref name=Sory>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081126022100/http://www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr/institutionnel/niger.html#Syst%E8me%20judiciaire Niger:Système judiciaire] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081126022100/http://www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr/institutionnel/niger.html |date=26 November 2008}}. NIGER Situation institutionnelle. Sory Baldé, CEAN, IEP-Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV (2007) Accessed 13 April 2009</ref> ===Law enforcement=== {{Main|Law enforcement in Niger}} Boma la Niger ndilo likwendeska nkhani za malango. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku [[Spain]] ndiwo ŵakulaŵilira kuti malango gha m'mizinda ghakulondezgeka. Kuwaro kwa misumba yikuru na ku mizi, mulimo uwu ukupelekeka ku ŵasilikari ŵa boma na ŵasilikari ŵa boma. ===Government finance=== Ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikufuma ku vyamalonda ivyo likupeleka ku vyaru vinyake (vyamalonda vya migodi, mafuta, na vyakurya ivyo vikufumiskika ku vyaru vinyake) kweniso ku misonkho iyo boma likutolera. Kale, wovwiri wakufuma ku vyaru vinyake ukaŵanga ukuru comene pa bajeti. Mu chaka cha 2013, boma la Niger likapeleka bajeti yambura kusuzga ya 1,279 trillion CFA francs ($2.53 billion) iyo yikulongosoreka kuti yikovwira kuti ndalama na ndalama viŵe pa mtende na kuchepeska bajeti na 11% kufuma mu chaka chamanyuma. Bajeti ya chaka cha 2014 yikaŵa ya CFA 1.867 trillion, iyo yikatumizgika ku: ngongole ya boma (76,703,692,000 CFA), ndalama zakwendeskera ntchito (210,979,633,960 CFA), ndalama zakwendeskera ntchito (128,988,777,711 CFA); ndalama zakwendeskera ntchito: 308,379,641,366 CFA) na ndalama zakwendeskera ntchito (1,142,513,658,712 CFA).<ref>{{in lang|fr}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20200805215851/http://nigerexpress.info/2013/11/28/niger-le-budget-2014-porte-a-1-867-milliards/ Niger : le budget 2014 porté à 1.867 milliards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805215851/http://nigerexpress.info/2013/11/28/niger-le-budget-2014-porte-a-1-867-milliards/ |date=5 August 2020}}. ''Niger Express'', 28 November 2013.</ref> ====Foreign aid==== Kuzirwa kwa wovwiri wa ku caru ca Niger kukulongoreka na fundo yakuti pafupifupi 45% ya bajeti ya boma ya cilimika ca 2002, kusazgapo 80% ya bajeti ya ndalama, yikufuma ku ŵanthu awo ŵakupeleka wovwiri.<ref name=ussd2009>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm Background Notes for Niger: January 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524232128/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm |date=24 May 2019}} Bureau of African Affairs, United States State Department. Retrieved 26 February 2009. Portions of the "Economy" section are here used verbatim, as this document is in the public domain.</ref> Vinthu vyakuzirwa comene ivyo vikupeleka ndalama ku Niger ni France, European Union, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, na mawupu ghakupambanapambana gha United Nations (UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, World Food Program, na United Nations Population Fund). Vyaru vinyake vikuruvikuru ivyo vikupereka ndalama ni United States, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, na Saudi Arabia. Nangauli wupu wa USAID ulije ofesi ku Niger, kweni boma la United States ndilo likupeleka ndalama zinandi ku Niger. Boma la U.S. likovwiraso comene pa nkhani ya vyakurya na HIV/AIDS. ===Administrative divisions=== [[File:Niger administrative divisions.svg|thumb|upright=2.25|Administrative divisions of Niger]] {{Main|Regions of Niger|Departments of Niger|Communes of Niger}} Charu cha Niger chili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa 7 na chigaŵa chimoza. Vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika mu madipatimenti 36. Mazuŵa ghano, vigaŵa vyose 36 vya ku France vili kugaŵikana mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Mu chaka cha 2006 mukaŵa makomomu 265, kusazgapo makomomu gha mu misumba (Urban Communes: nga ni vigaŵa vya misumba yikuruyikuru), makomomu gha ku mizi (Rural Communes), mu vigaŵa ivyo muli ŵanthu ŵachoko waka na mapositi gha mu boma (Administrative Posts) mu vigaŵa vya mapopa panji vigaŵa vya ŵasilikari. Mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi mungasangika vikaya na malo ghakukhalako ŵanthu, apo mu vigaŵa vya mu misumba mungasangika vigaŵa viŵiri. Mu 2002, vigaŵa vya Niger vikasinthika mazina pakulondezga ndondomeko ya kusankhana vinthu ivyo vikamba mu 1998. Pakwamba, Niger yikagaŵikana mu vigaŵa 7, vigaŵa 36, na vigaŵa vinyake. Maofesi agha ghakaŵanga na ŵalaraŵalara awo ŵakasankhika na boma. Maofesi agha muzamughasintha kuti ghaŵe na makomiti agho ghazamusankhika mwademocracy pa vigaŵa vyose. Madera agho ghakaŵako pambere chaka cha 2002 chindafike (ghakazgoka vigaŵa) ni: * [[Agadez Region]] * [[Diffa Region]] * [[Dosso Region]] * [[Maradi Region]] * [[Tahoua Region]] * [[Tillabéri Region]] * [[Zinder Region]] * [[Niamey]] {{smaller|(capital district)}} ===Largest cities and towns=== {{Further|List of cities in Niger}} {{Largest cities | country = Niger | stat_ref = According to the 2012 Census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/Niger-Cities.html|title=Niger|access-date=2019-11-06}}</ref> | list_by_pop = | div_name = Region | div_link = | city_1 = Niamey | div_1 = Niamey <!-- Capital District --> | pop_1 = 978,029 | img_1 = Niamey from the sky.jpg | city_2 = Maradi, Niger{{!}}Maradi | div_2 = Maradi Region{{!}}Maradi | pop_2 = 267,249 | img_2 = Village maradi niger.jpg | city_3 = Zinder | div_3 = Zinder Region{{!}}Zinder | pop_3 = 235,605 | img_3 = Zinder (6328886864).jpg | city_4 = Tahoua | div_4 = Tahoua Region{{!}}Tahoua | pop_4 = 117,826 | img_4 = Femmes rurales et taches ménageres.jpg | city_5 = Agadez | div_5 = Agadez Region{{!}}Agadez | pop_5 = 110,497 | city_6 = Arlit | div_6 = Agadez Region{{!}}Agadez | pop_6 = 78,651 | city_7 = Birni-N'Konni | div_7 = Tahoua Region{{!}}Tahoua | pop_7 = 63,169 | city_8 = Dosso, Niger{{!}}Dosso | div_8 = Dosso Region{{!}}Dosso | pop_8 = 58,671 | city_9 = Gaya, Niger{{!}}Gaya | div_9 = Dosso Region{{!}}Dosso | pop_9 = 45,465 | city_10 = Tessaoua | div_10 = Maradi Region{{!}}Maradi | pop_10 = 43,409 }} ==Chuma== {{Main|Economy of Niger}} [[File:Niger Product Exports (2019).svg|thumb|right|A proportional representation of Niger exports, 2019]] [[File:Niamey night.jpg|thumb|[[Niamey]], Niger's capital and economic hub]] Vyakurya ivyo vikulimika mu Niger ni vyakurya vyakukhumbikwa comene, viŵeto, na uranium, vinthu ivyo vikusangika comene mu caru. Vinthu ivi ni njara, mapopa ghasazgikira, ŵanthu ŵakusazgikira na 2.9 peresenti, kweniso ŵanthu ŵakukhumba chomene uranium pa caru cose. Charu cha Niger chili na ndalama yimoza pera, ya CFA franc, ndipo chili na banki yimoza ya ku West Africa, ya Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), pamoza na vyaru vinyake 7 vya ku West African Monetary Union. Niger nayo njimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vikukolerana pa nkhani ya malango gha vyamalonda mu Africa (OHADA).<ref name="ohada.com">{{cite web | title = OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa | url = http://www.ohada.com/index.php | access-date = 22 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326033744/http://www.ohada.com/index.php | archive-date = 26 March 2009 | url-status = live}}</ref>[[File:Echangeur a Niamey la Nuit.jpg|thumb|Niamey at night]] Mu Disembala 2000, chalo cha Niger chikapokera ndalama zakuwombolera ngongoli za vyaru vikavu ivyo vili na ngongoli yikuru chomene (HIPC) kufuma ku wupu wa International Monetary Fund. Kuwombora ngongoli uko kwapelekeka mu ndondomeko ya HIPC kukuchepeska ngongoli izo Niger yikugwiliskira nchito pa chaka, ndipo ndalama zikuluwika pa vinthu nga ni vyaumoyo, masambiro gha pulayimale, kulimbana na HIV/AIDS, kunozga vinthu vyakukhumbikwa ku mizi, na vinyake ivyo vikovwira kuti ukavu uchepeko. Msika wa Dolé Mu Disembala 2005, boma la Niger likapokera ndalama zakukwana madola 86 miliyoni kufuma ku IMF. Pafupifupi hafu ya ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Kukura kwa caru kunthazi kungazengeka pa kugwiliskira nchito mafuta, golide, malasha, na visulo vinyake. Mu vilimika vyasonosono apa, mitengo ya uranium yikukwera. Mu 2005, ku Nigeria kukaŵa njara na zombe, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 2.5 miliyoni ŵakasoŵa cakurya. == Chiwerengero cha ŵanthu == {{Main|Demographics of Niger}} [[File:1997 275-15 young Wodaabe women.jpg|thumb|[[Fula people|Fulani]] women with traditional [[face tattoo|facial tattoos]] ]] Kuzakafika mu chaka cha 2021, ŵanthu ŵa ku Niger ŵakaŵa 25,252,722{{UN_Population|ref}}. Mu 1960, mu Niger mukaŵa ŵanthu 3.4 miliyoni, kweni sono ŵanthu ŵakusazgikira mwaluŵiro chomene.<ref name="ins-demographics">{{in lang|fr}} ''Annuaires Statistiques du Niger 2007–2011''. [http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/AS2007-2011STRUCTUREPOPULATION.pdf Structure de la population] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726234159/http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/AS2007-2011STRUCTUREPOPULATION.pdf |date=26 July 2014}} (Niger's National Statistics Institute Report)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/niger-population/ |title=Niger Population |publisher=Worldometers |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814061458/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/niger-population/ |archive-date=14 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kukura kwa unandi wa ŵanthu uku, nkhukuru comene pa caru cose ndipo boma na mawupu ghanyake ghakufipa mtima comene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu chigaŵa ichi mbachinyamata, ndipo 49.2% ŵali na vyaka 15 kukhilira pasi, ndipo 2.7% ŵali na vyaka vyakujumpha 65. Kafukufuku wa mu 2005 [which?] likati ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 800,000 (pafupifupi 8 peresenti ya ŵanthu wose) mu Niger ŵali mu wuzga.<ref>"[https://abcnews.go.com/International/Story?id=813618&page=1 The Shackles of Slavery in Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219150212/https://abcnews.go.com/International/Story?id=813618&page=1 |date=19 February 2009}}". ABC News. 3 June 2005.</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4250709.stm Born to be a slave in Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806031036/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4250709.stm |date=6 August 2017}}". BBC News. 11 February 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1357_slavery_today/page3.shtml |title=BBC World Service &#124; Slavery Today |publisher=BBC |access-date=3 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113131049/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1357_slavery_today/page3.shtml |archive-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Urban settlements=== {| class="wikitable" |+ Cities of Niger ! rowspan="2"| Rank !! rowspan="2" | City !! colspan="2" | Population !! rowspan="2" | Region |- ! 2001 Census<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/niger/cities/|title=Niger: Regions, Cities & Urban Centers - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321050141/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/niger/cities/|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>!! 2012 Census<ref name="auto2"/> |- |align=right | 1. || [[Niamey]] || align=right | 690,286 || align=right | 978,029 || [[Niamey]] |- |align=right | 2. || [[Maradi, Niger|Maradi]] || align=right | 148,017 || align=right | 267,249 || [[Maradi Region]] |- |align=right | 3. || [[Zinder]] || align=right | 170,575 || align=right | 235,605 || [[Zinder Region]] |- |align=right | 4. || [[Tahoua]] || align=right | 73,002 || align=right | 117,826 || [[Tahoua Region]] |- |align=right | 5. || [[Agadez]] || align=right | 77,060 || align=right | 110,497 || [[Agadez Region]] |- |align=right | 6. || [[Arlit]] || align=right | 68,835 || align=right | 78,651 || [[Agadez Region]] |- |align=right | 7. || [[Birni N'Konni]] || align=right | 44,663 || align=right | 63,169 || [[Tahoua Region]] |- |align=right | 8. || [[Dosso, Niger|Dosso]] || align=right | 43,561 || align=right | 58,671 || [[Dosso Region]] |- |align=right | 9. || [[Gaya, Niger|Gaya]] || align=right | 28,385 || align=right | 45,465 || [[Dosso Region]] |- |align=right | 10. || [[Tessaoua]] || align=right | 31,667 || align=right | 43,409 || [[Maradi Region]] |} ===Ethnic groups=== {{bar box |title=Ethnic Groups in Niger (2001 Census)<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat-niger.org/frame/demographie.htm|title=DEMOGRAPHIE|website=www.stat-niger.org|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922235514/http://www.stat-niger.org/frame/demographie.htm|archive-date=22 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Ethnic Groups |right1=percent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Hausa|darkgreen|55.4}} {{bar percent|Zarma & Songhai|purple|21}} {{bar percent|Tuareg|red|9.3}} {{bar percent|Fula|black|8.5}} {{bar percent|Kanuri|orange|4.7}} {{bar percent|Toubou|green|0.4}} {{bar percent|Arab|darkblue|0.4}} {{bar percent|Gurma|white|0.4}} {{bar percent|Other|darkred|0.1}} }} {{Main|Hausa people|Zarma people|Tuareg people|Fula people|Kanuri people|Tubu people|Diffa Arabs|Gurma people}} Nga umo viliri mu vyaru vinandi vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, ku Niger nako kuli ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana. Mu 2001, mitundu ya ku Niger yikaŵa: Hausa (55.4%), Zarma & Songhay (21%), Tuareg (9.3%), Fula (French: Peuls; Fula: Fulɓe) (8.5%), Kanuri Manga (4.7%), Tubu (0.4%), Arab (0.4%), Gourmantche (0.4%), ŵanyake (0.1%). Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zarma na Songhay ndiwo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Dosso, Tillabéri, na Niamey, ŵanthu ŵa ku Hausa ndiwo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Zinder, Maradi, na Tahoua, ŵanthu ŵa ku Kanuri Manga ndiwo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Diffa, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Tuareg ndiwo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Agadez kumpoto kwa Niger.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="ins-demographics" /> === Viyowoyero === {{Main| Languages of Niger}} Cifrenchi, ico cikapokeka kufuma ku nyengo ya ufumu, ndico ni ciyowoyero ca boma. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasambira comene ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi ŵakuyowoya Cingelezi nga ni ciyowoyero caciŵiri, kweniso ni ciyowoyero ca boma. Niger ni membala wa wupu wa Organisation internationale de la Francophonie kwambira mu 1970. Charu cha Niger chili na viyowoyero 10 ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu charu ichi. Viyowoyero ivi ni Chiarabu, Chibuduma, Chifulfulde, Chigurmanchéma, Chihausa, Chikanuri, Chizarma na Chi Songhay, Chi Tamasheq, Chi Tassawaq, Chi Tebu. Ciyowoyero cilicose cikayowoyekanga na ŵanthu ŵa fuko ilo cikakolerananga nalo.<ref>Ethologue. [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NE/languages Niger languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727114820/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NE/languages |date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>Présidence de la République du Niger. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180727090206/https://www.presidence.ne/gographie/ Le Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727090206/https://www.presidence.ne/gographie/ |date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Viyowoyero viŵiri ivyo vikuyowoyeka comene ni Hausa na Zarma-Songhai, ndipo ni viyowoyero vyakwamba panji viŵiri ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu caru cose ici. ===Chisopo=== {{Main|Religion in Niger}} {{bar box |title=Religion in Niger |titlebar=#ddd |left1=religion |right1=percent<ref name="census" /> |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Islam|darkgreen|99.3}} {{bar percent|Christianity|purple|0.3}} {{bar percent|Animism|blue|0.2}} {{bar percent|Irreligious|black|0.1}} }} Charu cha Niger ntchambura kukolerana na chisopa ndipo boma na chisopa vikupambana. Ufulu wa kusopa ukuvikilirika na Ndime 30 ya dango la boma lenelili. Chisopa cha Chisilamu chikamba mu vyaka vya m'ma 1000 C.E. ndipo ndicho chikusambizga ŵanthu ŵa ku Niger umo ŵakwenera kukhalira. Chisilamu ndicho ntchisopa chakumanyikwa chomene, ndipo ŵanthu 99.3% mu chigaŵa ichi ndiwo ŵakasopanga kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2012. Visopa viŵiri vikuruvikuru vya ku Niger ni Chikhristu, icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu 0.3%, na Chikhristu (chikhristu icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi), icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu 0.2%. Ŵamishonale ndiwo ŵakambiska cisopa ca Cikhristu mu caru ici mu nyengo iyo caru cikaŵa pasi pa Ŵafalansa. Ŵakhristu ŵanyake awo ŵakakhalanga ku Europe na ku West Africa nawo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha. Mu virimika vyasonosono apa, ku Niger kwambaso kutambuzgika ŵanthu ŵanandi cifukwa ca cisopa. Wupu wa Ŵakhristu wakucemeka Open Doors, ukati mu caru ca Niger, kuŵa Mkhristu ni suzgo likuru comene, ndipo ico cikulongora kuti Ŵakhristu ŵakusuzgika comene mu caru ici. Kuyana na ŵimiliri ŵa magulu gha Ŵakhristu na Ŵasilamu ku Niger, ubwezi pakati pa Ŵasilamu na Ŵakhristu ngwakuzika comene.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2022 |title=2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Niger |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/niger/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakususkana pa nkhani ya unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakugomezga kuti vyamoyo ni vyamoyo. Kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m'ma 1800, Ŵasilamu ŵakafika yayi ku vigaŵa vinandi vya kumwera kwa caru ici, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ku mizi ŵakang'anamuka mtima viŵi yayi. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, visopa vya Ŵabori na Ŵatubwi na Ŵawudabe ŵakucita viphikiro na maluso gha Ŵasilamu. Ŵanthu aŵa ni awo ŵakuyowoya chiHausa, Maouri (panji Azna, lizgu la chiHausa ilo likung'anamura "ŵambura kusopa Chiuta") ku Dogondoutci, kumwera na kumwera-kumanjiliro gha dazi, na awo ŵakuyowoya chiKanuri, chakuchemeka Manga, kufupi na Zinder, ndipo wose ŵakulondezga visambizgo vya chiHausa Maguzawa, ivyo vikaŵako pambere Chisilamu chindaŵeko. Kweniso ku cigaŵa ca kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa caru ici, kuli vigaŵa vichoko waka vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Boudouma na Songhay. Mu virimika 10 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria awo Mbasilamu ŵakuleka kutemwana.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Decalo79" /> ====Islam==== {{Main|Islam in Niger}} Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ku Niger mba Sunni, 7% mba Shi'a, 5% mba Ahmadiyya ndipo 20% mbanthu ŵa visopa vinyake.<ref name="pew">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf |title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity |access-date=2 June 2014 |date=9 August 2012 |publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="report">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90113.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216213927/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90113.htm|date=16 December 2019}}. United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] (14 September 2007). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> Chisilamu chikamba mu vigaŵa ivyo lero ni Niger mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400 C.E., apo ufumu wa Songhai ukakuranga kumanjiliro gha dazi, kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Maghreb na Eguputo ŵakendanga kuzingilira virwa vya Sahara. Ŵantu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg ŵakaluta kumpoto, ndipo ŵakathereska vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kufuma ku ufumu wa Kanem ⁇ Bornu mu vyaka vya m'ma 1600, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Berber ŵambe kuchita vinthu vinyake. [[File:Niger, Filingué (25), street scene with mosque.jpg|thumb|Small mosque in [[Filingue|Filingué]] ]] Vigaŵa vyose viŵiri vya Zarma na Hausa vikakhwaskika comene na gulu la Ŵafula la m'ma 1700 na 1900, comene-comene gulu la Sokoto Caliphate (mu caru ico lero ni Nigeria). Mazuŵa ghano, Ŵasilamu ŵakucita vinthu mwakuyana na visambizgo vya Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Niger, ndipo kanandi ŵakuchita vinthu mwakuyana na visambizgo vya Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Tijaniya, nangauli kuli magulu gha Ŵasilamu ŵachoko waka agho ghakukolerana na visambizgo vya Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Hammallism na Nyassist.<ref name=Decalo79>Decalo, James. ''Historical Dictionary of Niger''. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey&nbsp;– London, 1979. {{ISBN|0-8108-1229-0}}. pp. 156–7, 193–4.</ref> Mu virimika 30 ivyo vyajumpha, mu msumba wa Maradi, mukaŵa gulu la ŵanthu ŵa cisopo ca Salafi. Magulu ghacoko agha, agho ghakukolerana na magulu ghanyake gha ku Jos, Nigeria, ghakamanyikwa comene mu vilimika vya m'ma 1990 pa nyengo ya viwawa vya cisopo.<ref>Ben Amara, Ramzi. [http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/pages/staff/amara.php "The Development of the Izala Movement in Nigeria: Its Split, Relationship to Sufis and Perception of Sharia Implementation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228012116/http://www.sharia-in-africa.net/pages/staff/amara.php |date=28 December 2016 }}. Research Summary (n.d.)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090113202500/http://www.conflict-prevention.net/page.php?id=40&formid=73&action=show&surveyid=1 Summary for Shedrack Best's ''Nigeria, The Islamist Challenge, the Nigerian 'Shiite' Movement'', 1999] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113202500/http://www.conflict-prevention.net/page.php?id=40&formid=73&action=show&surveyid=1 |date=13 January 2009 }}; conflict-prevention.net.</ref> Nangauli vili nthena, kweni Niger ni boma ilo likusopa yayi, ndipo likulongozgeka na dango. Ŵanthu ŵa visopa vyakupambanapambana ŵakutemwana comene, ndipo visopa vya Cisilamu ivyo vikucitika mu vigaŵa vinandi vya caru ici, vikulekelera visopa vyakupambanapambana, ndipo palije kukanizga wanangwa wa munthu waliyose. Mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mu caru ici, ŵanthu ŵakuguliska moŵa, nga ni uwo ukupangika mu Niger. ===Masambilo=== {{Main|Education in Niger}} [[File:Niger primary school MCC3500.jpg|thumb|A primary classroom in Niger]] Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kuŵazga mu charu cha Niger ntchimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vili pasi chomene pa charu chose.<ref name="ilab">[http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Niger.htm "Niger"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205044526/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/niger.htm|date=5 December 2008}}. ''2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor''. [[Bureau of International Labor Affairs]], [[U.S. Department of Labor]] (2002). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> Ku Niger, sukulu ya pulayimale njakukhumbikwa kwa vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza. Ŵanakazi ŵanandi ŵakuluta ku sukulu za pulayimale yayi.<ref name="ilab" /> Mu 1997, ciŵelengero ca ŵana awo ŵakalembeka pa sukulu iyi cikaŵa 29.3 peresenti, ndipo mu 1996, ciŵelengero ca ŵana awo ŵakalembeka pa sukulu iyi cikaŵa 24.5 peresenti.<ref name="ilab" /> Pa ŵana 100 awo ŵamalizga sukulu ya pulayimare, pafupifupi 60 ni ŵasepuka, cifukwa ŵasungwana ŵanandi ŵakuluta ku sukulu kwa vilimika vicoko waka. Kanandi ŵana ŵakugwira nchito m'malo mwa kuluta ku sukulu, comene-comene pa nyengo ya kuseŵa panji kuvuna. Kanandi ŵana ŵa ku mpoto kwa caru ici ŵakuluta ku sukulu yayi.<ref name=ilab/> ===Umoyo=== {{Main|Health in Niger}} Ŵana awo ŵakufwa ku Niger (ŵana awo ŵakufwa na vyaka vyapakati pa 1 na 4) mbanandi chomene (248 pa 1,000) cifukwa ca suzgo la ulwari na kurya vyakurya vyambura kwenelera kwa ŵana ŵanandi mu caru ici. Kuyana na wupu wa Save the Children, pa caru cose capasi ŵana ŵanandi ŵakufwa ku Niger.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Green |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/parenting/05/08/mothers.index/index.html |title=U.S. has second worst newborn death rate in modern world, report says |publisher=CNN |date=10 May 2006 |access-date=3 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209065002/http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/parenting/05/08/mothers.index/index.html |archive-date=9 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:HOPITAL DE REFERENCE DE MARADI.jpg|thumb|Maradi Reference Hospital]] Niger nayo yili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa charu chose chapasi (6,49 awo ŵakubabika na mwanakazi yumoza kuyana na ivyo vikalembeka mu 2017). Ichi chapangiska kuti ŵanthu pafupifupi hafu (49,7%) ŵa ku Niger ŵaŵe na vyaka 15 kukhilira pasi mu 2020. Pa vyaru vyose, charu cha Niger ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene awo ŵakufwa na nthenda iyi. Pa ŵanthu 100,000 awo ŵakubabika, 820 ŵakufwa. Mu 2006, pa ŵanthu 100,000, pakaŵa ŵadokotala ŵatatu na manesi 22.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angellite.org.uk/where-we-work.html|title=Niger|access-date=20 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123142319/http://www.angellite.org.uk/where-we-work.html|archive-date=23 November 2011}}</ref> Kuyana na umo vinthu viliri pa caru cose, maji ghakumwa ghakusoŵa, ndipo pali mphambano yikuru comene pakati pa mizi na mizi. Niger yili pa malo gha pasi chomene pa UN Human Development Index. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 92 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakukhala ku mizi mu chigaŵa cha Tillabéri, kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakusoŵa maji ghakumwa, chomenechomene mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, apo nyengo zinyake maji ghakukhira chomene.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Fresh water in Niger undercuts violence, as well as offering better living conditions|url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/niger-water-development|access-date=2021-05-26|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Water, Sanitation and Hygiene|url=https://www.unicef.org/niger/water-sanitation-and-hygiene|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Delivering water and sanitation services in Niger: challenges and results|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/water/delivering-water-and-sanitation-services-niger-challenges-and-results|access-date=2021-05-26|website=blogs.worldbank.org|language=en}}</ref> Pa ŵanthu 30,000 awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni ya Téra, kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni ya Niamey, kufupi na mphaka ya Burkina Faso, 40 pa ŵanthu 100 ndiwo ŵali na maji ghakukwana.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Niger - OECD|url=https://www.oecd.org/countries/niger/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.oecd.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Development Projects : Niger Basin Water Resources Development and Sustainable Ecosystems Management Project - P093806|url=https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P093806|access-date=2021-05-26|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> Wupu wakuwona vya maji ku Niger, wa Société de Patrimoine des Eaux du Niger (SPEN), ukazenga migodi 10 na malo ghakupwanthirapo maji mu 2018 kuti upeleke maji ghakumwa ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Téra na mu vigaŵa vyapafupi. Pakati pajumpha cilimika cimoza, maji ghakamara, ndipo ŵakakhumba kumalizga mulimo wa kunozga maji.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Niger: EIB finances drinking water supply project (EUR 21m)|url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2018-099-la-bei-finance-un-projet-dalimentation-en-eau-potable-au-niger-21-meur|access-date=2021-05-26|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref> Na wovwiri wa ndalama izo boma la Netherlands likapeleka, wupu wa European Investment Bank (EIB) na wupu wakuwona vya maji ku Niger ŵakuteŵetera lumoza kuti ŵasange nthowa zakumazgira suzgo la maji. Banki ya pa caru cose yikati Niger njimoza mwa vyaru 18 vya kumwera kwa Sahara mu Africa ivyo vikusuzgika comene. Banki ya ku Europe yikasunganga ndalama ku vigaŵa ivi. Banki ya European Investment Bank na Niger Water Authority ŵakuwona nthowa ziŵiri zakumazgira suzgo la maji ku Téra. Nthowa yakwamba njakuti ŵanozge thanki la maji ilo lili kufupi na tawuni. Nthowa yinyake njakuti maji gha mu Mlonga wa Niger, uwo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita ghakujumpha 100 kumafumiro gha dazi, ghatore na kugwiliskira nchito. Misumba iyo yili pakati pa Téra na Mlonga wa Niger nayo yiŵenge na maji ghakunyang'amira. Banki ya European Investment Bank yizamuwonaso umo ŵangaponoskera ndalama zawo pa nkhani ya magesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fresh water in Niger undercuts violence, as well as offering better living conditions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/niger-water-development |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> ==Mwambo== {{Main|Culture of Niger}} [[File:Zinder sultans horsemen festival.jpg|thumb|Horsemen at the traditional [[Ramadan]] festival at the [[Sultanate of Damagaram|Sultan's]] Palace in the [[Hausa people|Hausa]] city of [[Zinder]] ]] [[File:Ancient home zinder niger.jpg|thumb|A traditional home in [[Zinder]] ]] Chikhalidwe cha ku Niger chikupambana chomene, ndipo uwu mbukaboni wakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi ŵakakolerana na Ŵafalansa. Charu icho lero ni Niger chikapangika kufuma ku vigaŵa vinayi vya mitheto iyo yikaŵako pambere ŵanthu ŵandambe kukhazikiskana: Zarma na Songhai ndiwo ŵakalamuliranga chigodobu cha Mlonga wa Niger kumwera kwakumanjiliro gha dazi; chigaŵa chakumpoto cha Hausaland, icho chikaŵa na vigaŵa ivyo vikalimbananga na Sokoto Caliphate, ndipo chikazingilizga mphaka ya kumwera na Nigeria; chigaŵa cha Nyanja ya Chad na Kaouar kumanjiliro gha dazi, uko kukaŵanga ŵalimi ŵa Kanuri na ŵaliska ŵa Toubou awo kale ŵakaŵa mu Ufumu wa Kanem ⁇ Bornu; ndiposo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg awo ŵakakhalanga mu mapiri gha Aïr na Sahara kumpoto. Wose aŵa, pamoza na mafuko ghanyake ghacoko nga ni Wodaabe Fula, ŵakiza na mitheto yawo ku Niger. Nangauli maboma ghakupambana-pambana ghayezgayezga kuti ghaŵe na mitheto yakuyana, kweni ivi vikucitika pacoko waka, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Niger ŵali na mitheto yawo na yawo, kweniso cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Niger nga ni Hausa, Tuareg na Kanuri ŵali mu mitundu yikuru iyo yikunjira mu caru caŵene. M'ma 1990, boma la Niamey na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mtundu wa Zarma ndiwo ŵakendeskanga vinthu mu msumba uwu. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku vigaŵa vya ku mphaka kwa Hausa pakati pa Birni-N'Konni na Maine-Soroa, kanandi ŵakutolera kakhaliro ka ŵanthu ŵa ku Hausaland mu Nigeria kuluska Niamey. Pakati pa 1996 na 2003, ŵanthu 30 pa ŵanthu 100 ndiwo ŵakasambiranga sukulu ya pulayimare, ndipo 36 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵakaŵa ŵanalume, ndipo 25 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi. Masambiro ghakusazgikira ghakucitika mu madrasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Niger_statistics.html |title=At a glance: Niger |access-date=22 June 2007 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130170853/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Niger_statistics.html |archive-date=30 November 2009 }}</ref> ===Festivals and cultural events=== ====Guérewol festival==== {{Main|Guérewol}} [[File:1997 274-5 Gerewol.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Ŵanthu awo ŵakwimba Guérewol ŵakwimba dansi la Guérewol, mu 1997.]] Chikondwerero cha Guérewol ndi mwambo wachikhalidwe wa Wodaabe womwe umachitika ku Abalak m'chigawo cha Tahoua kapena In'Gall m'chigawo cha Agadez. Ni mwambo wa cilimika cilicose uwo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Wodaabe (Fula) ŵa ku Niger ŵakucita. Pa ciphikiro ici, ŵawukirano ŵakuvwara vyakuvwara vyakutowa comene na kujitozga kuti ŵajitozge kuyana na mitheto yawo, ŵakwimba sumu na kuvina, ndipo ŵakukhumba kuti ŵasungwana awo ŵakukhumba kutorana nawo ŵaŵatemwenge. Ciphikiro ca Guérewol cikukondweska ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana ndipo cikaŵa mu mafilimu na mu magazini ghakumanyikwa comene nga ni National Geographic. ====Cure Salée festival==== {{Main|Cure Salee}} "La Cure salée" (Chingelezi: Salt Cure) ni chiphikiro icho chikuchitika chaka chilichose ku In'Gall mu chigaŵa cha Agadez. Kwa mazuŵa ghatatu, pa ciphikiro ici pakuŵa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg awo ŵakwenda pa ngamila, ndipo pamanyuma pake pakuŵa viphalizgano vya ngamila na mahaci, kwimba sumu, kuvina, na kuphalirana nkhani. ===Media=== {{Main|Media of Niger}} Kuumaliro kwa m'ma 1990, ku Niger kukaŵa nkhani zinandi. Pambere boma la Third Republic lindaŵeko, ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria ŵakaŵa na mwaŵi wa kupulikizga waka nkhani za mu nyuzipepara izo zikaŵa mu mawoko gha boma. Sono mu Niamey muli manyuzipepara ghanandi na magazini; ghanyake, nga ni Le Sahel, ghakulembeka na boma, apo ghanyake ghakususka boma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/ng82.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213180757/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/ng82.html|url-status=dead|title=Media in Niger: the African Development Information Database|archivedate=13 December 2009}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011302/http://www.gret.org/parma/uk2/ressource/edm/pdf/niger.pdf Medias Status Report: Niger] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011302/http://www.gret.org/parma/uk2/ressource/edm/pdf/niger.pdf |date=4 March 2009 }}. Summary document written for the African Media Partners Network. Guy-Michel Boluvi, Les Echos du Sahel Niamey, January 2001.</ref> Wayilesi ndiyo njakuzirwa comene, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala ku mizi ŵalije ndalama zakugulira TV, ndipo cifukwa ca kuleka kuŵazga na kuŵazga, mabuku ghakulembeka ghakutondeka kuŵa cakupharazgira ŵanthu ŵanandi. Padera pa wayilesi ya boma ya ORTN, pali wayilesi zinayi za boma izo zikupanga wayilesi zakukwana 100. Zitatu mwa izo - Anfani Group, Sarounia na Tenere - ni masiteshoni gha FM gha malonda mu misumba yikuruyikuru. Kweniso pali ma wayilesi ghakujumpha 80 agho ghakupharazga mu vigaŵa vyose 7 vya mu charu ichi. Wupu wa Comite de Pilotage de Radios de Proximité (CPRP) ndiwo ukwendeska ma wayilesi agha. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa CPRP ŵakughanaghana kuti ma wayilesi agho ghakupharazga ku vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana ghakupharazga ku ŵanthu pafupifupi 7.6 miliyoni, panji kuti 73% ya ŵanthu wose (2005). Padera pa ma wayilesi gha ku Niger, ma wayilesi gha ku Hausa gha BBC ghakupulikizgikaso mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mu caru ici, comene kumwera, kufupi na mphaka na Nigeria. Radio France Internationale nayo yikupharazga mu ciyowoyero ca Cifurenci kwizira mu wayilesi ya Satellite. Tenere FM nayo yili na wayilesi ya pa caru cose ya zina leneilo. Nangauli mu caru cose muli wanangwa, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakulemba nkhani mu caru ici ŵakuyowoya kuti kanandi ŵakucicizgika na ŵalara ŵa boma. Boma likupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera makina gha ORTN ku boma, ndipo likupeleka ndalama izi kwizira mu ndalama izo boma likulipira pa ndalama za magesi, kweniso kwizira mu ndalama izo boma likupeleka. Bungwe la Conseil Supérieur de Communications ndilo likulongozga ntchito iyi. Bungwe ili likakhazikiskika kuuyambiro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1990, ndipo kufuma mu 2007, Daouda Diallo ndiyo wakulilongozga. Magulu gha wanangwa wa ŵanthu ghakususka boma kufuma mu chaka cha 1996 kuti likugwiliskira nchito malango na ŵapolisi kuti likhizge ŵanthu awo ŵakususka boma.<ref name=cpj2006>[http://cpj.org/2007/02/attacks-on-the-press-2006-niger.php Attacks on the press: Niger 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920053522/http://www.cpj.org/2007/02/attacks-on-the-press-2006-niger.php |date=20 September 2011 }}. Committee to Protect Journalists (2007). Retrieved 23 February 2009.</ref><ref>[http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR430012007?open&of=ENG-2F5 Niger: Emergency legislation infringes non-derogable human rights] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211134003/http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR430012007?open&of=ENG-2F5 |date=11 February 2009 }}. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Public Statement. AI Index: AFR 43/001/2007 (Public Document) Press Service Number: 181/07. 21 September 2007.</ref><ref name="issa04">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131109234423/http://www.panos-ao.org/ipao/spip.php?article39 Niger : Conseil de presse. Les journalistes refusent la mise sous tutelle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075744/http://www.panos-ao.org/ipao/spip.php?article39|date=10 May 2011}}. Ousseini Issa. Médi@ctions n°37, Institut PANOS Afrique de l'Ouest. March 2004.</ref><ref name="ussd9506">U.S. Department of State. Report on Human Rights Practices&nbsp;– Niger. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090616143410/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/hrp_index.html 1993–1995] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616143410/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/hrp_index.html|date=16 June 2009}} to [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78750.htm 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421204423/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78750.htm|date=21 April 2020}}.</ref> ==Wonaniso== {{Portal|Niger}} * [[Outline of Niger]] ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ===Notes=== {{Notelist}} ==Vyakulemba== {{Refbegin}} * Decalo, Samuel. ''Historical Dictionary of Niger'', 3rd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-8108-3136-8}})&nbsp;– a comprehensive collection of Niger topics * [[CIA World Factbook]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/ entry on Niger]) * [[US State Department]] {{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm |title=Niger |publisher=State.gov |date=3 February 2010 |access-date=3 May 2010 |archive-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194527/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm |url-status=live }} ''Note: This article contains material from the State Department website.'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091130170853/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Niger_statistics.html Unicef Niger statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130170853/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Niger_statistics.html |date=30 November 2009 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050929053656/http://www.nsu.newschool.edu/internationalaffairs/papers/thiam.pdf Unesco manuscript on child work and schooling in Niger] {{Refend}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwalo == {{sisterlinks|voy=yes}} * {{Official website|http://www.presidence.ne}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/ Niger]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085340/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{curlie|Regional/Africa/Niger}} * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] * {{wikiatlas|Niger}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] '''Trade''' * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Niger topics}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Countries of Africa}} {{Community of Sahel–Saharan States}} {{Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}} {{African Union}} {{La Francophonie}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|16|N|8|E|display=title}} [[Category:Niger| ]] [[Category:Saharan countries]] [[Category:West African countries]] [[Category:Economic Community of West African States]] [[Category:French-speaking countries and territories]] [[Category:Landlocked countries]] [[Category:Least developed countries]] [[Category:Member states of the African Union]] [[Category:Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Member states of the United Nations]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1960]] [[Category:1960 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1960 disestablishments in France]] [[Category:Countries in Africa]] fbtc2egg05vxz6qxdibdxejajz33ist 0 18427 120263 118841 2026-08-27T02:53:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} {{coord|9|56|S|33|56|E|display=title}}{{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Karonga | other_name = | native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | nickname = | settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = Karonga rice fields.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Minda ya mpunga ku Karonga | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Malawi<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_mapsize = 240 | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Malawi <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Northern Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Karonga District]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->| area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_as_of = 2018 Census<ref name="Census2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report |publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 61,609 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = Religions | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = +2 | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|09|56|00|S|33|56|00|E|region:MW|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 1568 | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Karonga''' ni tawuni iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha Karonga ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi. Msumba uwu uli mumphepete mwa [[Nyanja ya Nyasa]], ndipo ukazengeka pambere chaka cha 1877 chindafike. Mu 2018, Karonga wakaŵa na ŵanthu 61,609. Chiyowoyero chikuru mu chigaŵa ichi ntchitumbuka, icho [[chikuyowoyeka kumpoto]] kwa [[Malaŵi|Malawi]]. == Mbili == Vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pambere ŵandababike na visomba ivyo vikasangika ku Karonga, kumpoto kwa Malawi, vikulongora kuti malo agha ndigho ŵanthu ŵakambira. Pulofesa Friedemann Schrenk wa pa [[Yunivesite ya Goethe ku Frankfurt]] wakaphalira [[Reuters News]] kuti ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵaŵiri awo ŵakagwiranga nchito pa malo agha mu [[Seputembala]] [[2009]] ŵakasanga viŵiya vya ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵako pambere caru cindaŵeko na mino gha munthu munyake. Buku linyake likuti: "Vinthu ivi vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakaŵako mu nyengo yakale chomene". Schrenk wakayowoya. Pa malo agha pakaŵaso [[vinyama]] vinyake vyakuchemeka dinosaurs ivyo vikaŵako pakati pa vyaka 100 miliyoni na 140 miliyoni ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵakasanga vinthu ivi pa malo ghakufukura gha Malema, agho ghali pa mtunda wa makilomita 10 kufuma ku Karonga.<ref name="Banda">{{cite news|last1=Banda|first1=Mabvuto|title=Malawi could be the cradle of humankind|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-hominids-idUSTRE59M40820091023|access-date=31 August 2014|work=Science|agency=Reuters|date=23 October 2009}}</ref> Pakuyowoya za ivyo vikachitika kumasinda, ku Karonga kuli vinthu vinandi ivyo vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu nyengo ya Pleistocene na Holocene..<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/gea.21469|volume=29|title=Renewed Geoarchaeological Investigations of Mwanganda''s Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi|journal=Geoarchaeology|pages=98–120|last1=Wright|first1=David K.|year=2014|issue=2}}</ref> Pambere chaka cha [[1877]] chindafike, Karonga wakaŵa malo ghakukhazikika gha Mlozi, uyo wakaŵa muzga wakumanyikwa comene wa Ŵaarabu.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312634/Karonga|title=Karonga|date=2008|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=8 August 2008}}</ref> Mu [[1883]] ofesi ya ŵamalonda ya Britain yikajulika mu msumba uwu.<ref name="britannica" /> Munthu munyake wakucemeka Sir Harry Johnston, uyo wakaŵa wa ku Britain, wakagura malo agha mu 1895 na kumazga malonda gha ŵazga agho ghakacitikanga ku nyanja ya Nyasa.<ref name="britannica" /> Pa nyengo iyi, Karonga wakaŵa msumba wakuzirwa wa malonda na ulimi. Buku linyake likuti, mu tawuni iyi "mucali ŵanthu ŵa ciyowoyero ca Swahili na Ciarabu".<ref name="Murphy159">{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=159}}</ref> Pa [[Julayi 11]], [[2008]], migodi ya Kayelekera ku Karonga yikakondwelera maora 1.5 miliyoni gha migodi ya uranium yambura ngozi.<ref name="mine">{{cite news|title=Government applauds Kayelekera on safety|last=Tayanjah|first=Francis|author2=Namwaza, Gerald|date=11 June 2008|work=The Daily Times}}</ref> "Ŵasayansi" ŵakuti ici nchakucitika capadera comene.<ref name="mine" /> Kale, migodi iyi yikaŵa yakususkana cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakakolekanga na radiation.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 September 2007 |title=Torn Between the Lure And Danger of Uranium |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200709070883.html |access-date=2008-08-08 |work=UN Integrated Regional Information Networks |publisher=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Mu [[Disembala]] [[2009]], mu [[Chigaŵa (Malaŵi)|chigaŵa]] ichi mukachitika vindindindi vinandi. == Makhalilo == Karonga wali pa mtunda wa mamita 478 (1,568 ft) pa nyanja ya Nyasa. Ili pa mtunda wa 28 km (17+1⁄2 mi) kuchokera ku Kenan Ngomba, 18 km (11 mi) kuchokera ku Kaporo, 42.5 km (26+1⁄2 mi) kuchokera ku Kilondo ndi 12 km (7+1⁄2 mi) kuchokera ku Lupembe..<ref name="FR">{{cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Karonga, Malawi |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html |access-date=21 June 2008 |work=FallingRain Genomics}}</ref> == Ŵanthu == [[File:Edicas_Nachinga_with_her_orphaned_grandchildren_(4993106936).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edicas_Nachinga_with_her_orphaned_grandchildren_(4993106936).jpg|thumb|Edicas Nachinga na ŵazukuru ŵake ku Karonga, 2010]] {| class="wikitable" !Chaka !Unandi wa Ŵanthu<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web |title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223224/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=8 July 2008 |work=World Gazetteer}}</ref> |- |1977 |11,873 |- |1987 |19,667 |- |1998 |27,811 |- |2008 |40,334 |- |2018 |61,609 |} {{historical populations|11=1977|12=11,873|13=1987|14=19,667|15=1998|16=27,811|17=2008|18=40,334|19=2018|20=61,609|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi: Regions, Major Cities, Towns & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/malawi/cities/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>|align=right}} === Viyowoyelo === Chiyowoyero cha Tumbuka chikuyowoyeka chomene ku Karonga. Karonga wakumanyikwa kuti ni "chilumba cha ŵanthu ŵa ciyowoyero na kakhaliro ka ciyowoyero ca Tumbuka".<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldauf|Kaplan|2004|p=88}}</ref> == Chuma == Charu ichi chili na vyakurya vinandi nga ni katoni, mpunga, na vingoma..<ref name="britannica" /> Ŵanthu ŵa ku Karonga ŵakuthemba chomene somba.<ref name="britannica" /> == Nyengo == Nyengo ya ku Karonga njakuthukira. Mu Karonga, mu nyengo ya chihanya kukulokwa chomene kuluska mu nyengo ya chiwuvi. Umoyo wa mu charu ichi ukuyana na ndondomeko ya Köppen-Geiger. Ku Karonga, nyengo ya mu chaka ni 25.6 °C (78.8 °F).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karonga climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Karonga weather averages - Climate-Data.org |url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/malawi/southern/karonga-926117/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=Karonga|single line=Yes|metric first=Yes|Jan high C=29.6|Feb high C=29.6|Mar high C=29.3|Apr high C=29.0|May high C=28.7|Jun high C=27.6|Jul high C=27.3|Aug high C=28.3|Sep high C=30.6|Oct high C=32.5|Nov high C=32.4|Dec high C=30.5|year high C=29.6|Jan mean C=24.9|Feb mean C=25.0|Mar mean C=24.7|Apr mean C=24.6|May mean C=23.6|Jun mean C=22.2|Jul mean C=21.7|Aug mean C=22.4|Sep mean C=24.3|Oct mean C=26.4|Nov mean C=27.0|Dec mean C=25.7|year mean C=24.4|Jan low C=21.8|Feb low C=21.7|Mar low C=21.5|Apr low C=21.3|May low C=19.9|Jun low C=17.9|Jul low C=17.0|Aug low C=17.6|Sep low C=19.4|Oct low C=21.9|Nov low C=23.0|Dec low C=22.4|year low C=20.4|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=132.3|Feb precipitation mm=120.0|Mar precipitation mm=206.0|Apr precipitation mm=130.0|May precipitation mm=19.4|Jun precipitation mm=0.8|Jul precipitation mm=0.8|Aug precipitation mm=0.3|Sep precipitation mm=0.0|Oct precipitation mm=1.3|Nov precipitation mm=39.4|Dec precipitation mm=149.0|year precipitation mm=799.3|Jan humidity=79|Feb humidity=80|Mar humidity=82|Apr humidity=80|May humidity=74|Jun humidity=66|Jul humidity=65|Aug humidity=64|Sep humidity=60|Oct humidity=56|Nov humidity=62|Dec humidity=75|year humidity=70|Jan sun=176.7|Feb sun=170.8|Mar sun=207.7|Apr sun=222.0|May sun=254.2|Jun sun=264.0|Jul sun=285.2|Aug sun=306.9|Sep sun=306.0|Oct sun=319.3|Nov sun=273.0|Dec sun=213.9|year sun=2999.7|Jand sun=5.7|Febd sun=6.1|Mard sun=6.7|Aprd sun=7.4|Mayd sun=8.2|Jund sun=8.8|Juld sun=9.2|Augd sun=9.9|Sepd sun=10.2|Octd sun=10.3|Novd sun=9.1|Decd sun=6.9|yeard sun=|source 1=NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MW/67423.TXT | title = Karonga Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 8 March 2015}}</ref>|date=March 2015}} == Maluso na mitheto == Malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakusanguluska na vyakusungiramo vinthu vyakale gha Karonga ndigho ghakopa chomene ŵalendo.<ref name="Murphy177">{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=177}}</ref> Ku malo agha ndiko kuli chinyama chakuchemeka Malawisaurus, icho chili na vyaka 150 miliyoni.<ref name="Murphy177" />Pa malo agha pali cinthu cinyake cakucemeka "From Dinosaurs to Democracy", ico cikulongosora mbiri ya cigaŵa ici.<ref name="Murphy177" /> == Vinthu vyakwendakwenda == Karonga ndiyo yili na chiŵanja cha ndege cha Karonga Airport icho chikugwira waka ndege za mu malawi..<ref>[http://www.azworldairports.com/airports/a2020kgj.cfm a-z World Airports], accessed 9 August 2008</ref> Mabasi ghakufuma ku [[Mzuzu]] na Nkhata Bay kuluta ku Karonga.<ref>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|pp=188&ndash;233}}</ref> == Vyakulemba == <references responsive="1"></references> == Maukaboni == * {{cite book|last1=Baldauf|first1=Richard B.|last2=Kaplan|first2=Robert B.|title=Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|publisher=Multilingual Matters|volume=1|date=2004|isbn=1-85359-725-2|oclc=56751169}} * {{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=Alan|last2=Armstrong|first2=Kate|last3=Firestone|first3=Mathew D.|last4=Fitzpatrick|first4=Mary|title=Southern Africa: Join the Safari|url=https://archive.org/details/southernafrica0000unse_x5a9|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|date=2007|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|oclc=76936284}} * {{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=David|title=Renewed geoarchaeological investigations of Mwanganda's Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi|journal=Geoarchaeology|date=2014|volume=29|issue=2|pages=98–120|doi=10.1002/gea.21469}} == Nthowa zakuwalo == {{Commons category|Karonga, Malawi}} {{wikivoyage|Karonga}} [[Category:Boma la Karonga]] [[Category:Maboma ghamu Malaŵi]] [[Category:Kumpoto kwa Malaŵi]] 7qvmhx3acj5hwaz08xhu2e1ny3x2krj 0 18440 120269 71851 2026-08-27T06:30:25Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic|honorific_prefix=|name=George Shepperson|honorific_suffix={{postnominals|country=GBR|CBE|size=100%}}|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=George Albert Shepperson|birth_date={{Birth date|df=y|1922|01|07}}|birth_place=[[Peterborough]], United Kingdom|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2020|04|02|1922|01|07}}|death_place=Peterborough, United Kingdom|death_cause=|religion=<!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->|denomination=<!-- Religious denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->|awards=<!-- {{plain list| }} -->|education=|alma_mater=[[St John's College, Cambridge]]|thesis_title=|thesis_year=|doctoral_advisor=|discipline=[[African history|African]] and [[North American history]]|sub_discipline=Malawian history<br />[[African-American studies|African-American history]]|workplaces=[[University of Edinburgh]]|notable_works=''Independent African: John Chilembwe and the Origins, Setting and Significance of the Nyasaland Native Rising 1915'' (1958)|movement=<!-- Should match the ideological movement or denomination (for religious), "school" of thought etc. (e.g. "Anglican", "Postmodernist", "Socialist" or "Green" etc. -->}} '''George "Sam" Albert Shepperson''' (January 7, 1922 - April 2, 2020)<ref>{{cite news|title=George Shepperson obituary|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/george-shepperson-obituary-zwpccwpng|accessdate=13 July 2020|work=The Times|date=12 May 2020}}</ref> wakaŵa wakulemba mbiri wa ku [[Britain]] ndipo wakumanya vya [[Africa]], wakumanyikwa chomene na milimo yake pa mbiri ya [[Malaŵi|Malawi]] na African-American. Wakaŵa William Robertson Professor of Commonwealth and American History pa University of Edinburgh kufuma mu 1963 mpaka 1986. Mu 1989, wakapika zina lakuti Commander of the Order of the British Empire. == Umoyo Wakwambilira == George "Sam" Shepperson wakababika mu Peterborough, Northamptonshire mu 1922, mwana wa munthu wakukhozga vinthu. Wakasambira ku King's School, Peterborough, ndipo wakasambira History na English ku St John's College, Cambridge. Wakati wamalizga uteŵeti wake wa pa nkhondo, wakasambira masambiro ghapachanya. Wakaŵa mu gulu la Northamptonshire Regiment mu 1943, ndipo wakaŵa mu gulu la King's African Rifles kufuma mu 1943 mpaka 1946 nga ni mulara wa gulu la 13th (Nyasaland) Battalion, ilo likaŵa ku [[Kenya]], Tanganyika, Ceylon, [[India]] na Burma. Apo wakaŵa ku East Africa, wakamba kutemwa comene mbiri ya ufumu wa Britain na Africa. Wakamba kusambizga vya Ufumu wa Britain na America pa Yunivesite ya Edinburgh mu 1948 ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa William Robertson Chair mu 1963, ndipo wakafumapo mu 1986. Wakaŵa pulofesa wakwendakwenda pa Roosevelt University na University of Chicago, Rhode Island College, iyo sono ni Makerere University na Dalhousie University. Mu 1987, wakapokera digiri ya udokotala kufuma ku yunivesite ya York. Mu 1990 wakacemeka Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland. Shepperson wakaŵa nkhwantha ya mbiri ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, mbiri ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na kuthandazgika kwawo pa charu chose ndipo wakapokera chawanangwa cha 'Distinguished Africanist' mu 2007 kufuma ku African Studies Association of the United Kingdom. Wakasambiranga chomene mbiri ya Malawi, kweni wakalembangaso vya mbiri ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na America (ndipo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa British Association for American Studies kufuma mu 1971-74) na mbiri ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain (mwakudumura ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Scotland). Mabuku ghanandi agho wakalemba, kusazgapo gha John Chilembwe na Chilembwe uprising, ghakuwoneka kuti ghakaŵa ghakovwira chomene. Buku lakuti Independent African: John Chilembwe and the Origins, Setting and Significance of the Nyasaland Native Rising 1915 (1958) ndilo likaŵa lakwamba kulembeka pa nkhani ya mdauko wa ku Africa. Shepperson wakalongosora umo umoyo wake ukaŵira pakuŵa wakulemba mdauko wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, ndipo wakalemba buku lakuti The Emergence of African History at British Universities: An Autobiographical Approach (1995, ilo likalembeka na Anthony Kirk-Greene).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=A Guide to the George Shepperson Collection MS Group 206 |url=http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/manuscript/guides/shepperson.htm |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-08 |website=University of Florida, Smathers Libraries}}</ref> Mu 1989, wakapokera chawanangwa cha CBE pakuŵa mulaŵiliri wa Komiti ya ku Scotland ya Commonwealth Institute..<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51772|date=16 June 1989|page=8|supp=y}}</ref> == Mabuku ghanyake == * 'Education sponsors freedom—the story of African native John Chilembwe' ''Negro history bulletin'', v. 15, Jan. 1952. * 'Ethiopianism and African nationalism'. ''Phylon'', v. 14, (1953) * 'Frederick Douglass and Scotland', ''The Journal of African American History'', 38, 3 (1953). * ''Independent African: John Chilembwe and the Origins, Setting and Significance of the Nyasaland Native Rising 1915'' (with Thomas Price) (1958, 5th edition 1987) * 'Notes on Negro American Influences on the Emergence of African Nationalism', ''The Journal of African History'', 1, 2 (1960). * 'External factors in the development of African nationalism, with particular reference to British Central Africa'. ''Phylon'', v. 22 (1961) * 'Pan-Africanism and "Pan-Africanism": Some Historical Notes', ''Phylon'', 23, No. 4 (1962). * 'The Negro and the New Frontier', ''The Political Quarterly'', 33, 2 (1962). * 'Abolitionism and African Political Thought', ''Transition'' 12 (1964). * ''David Livingstone and the Rovuma: A notebook edited with introduction and related documents'' (1965). * 'The African diaspora: or Africa abroad', ''African Forum'', 2 (1966) * ''Myth and reality in Malawi'' (1966) * ''West African Countries and Peoples'' by [[:en:Africanus_Horton|Africanus Horton]] (editor) (1969) * 'Introduction' to ''The Negro'' by [[:en:W.E.B._Du_Bois|W.E.B. Du Bois]] (1970) * 'Mungo Park and the Scottish Contribution to Africa', ''African Affairs'', 70, (1971) * ''Joseph Booth and the African Diaspora'' (1972) * 'Kipling and the Boer War' in John Goss (ed.) ''Kipling: The man, his work and his world'' (1972) * ''Scotland, Europe, and the American Revolution'' (co-edited with [[:en:Owen_Dudley_Edwards|Owen Dudley Edwards]]) (1976) * 'America through Africa and Asia', ''Journal of American Studies'', Vol. 14, No. 1, BAAS Jubilee Issue (Apr., 1980). * 'The Fifth Pan-African Conference, 1945 and the All African Peoples Congress, 1958,'(with St. Clare Drake), ''Contributions in Black Studies'', 8, 5 (1986) * 'Malawi and the Poetry of Two World Wars,' ''The Society of Malawi Journal'', 43, 2 (1990). * 'African Diaspora: Concept and Context' in ''Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora'', edited by Joseph E. Harris (1993). * 'Paul Robeson in Edinburgh'. ''University of Edinburgh Journal''. 37-38 (1998). * 'Memories of Dr Banda', ''The Society of Malawi Journal'' 51, 1 (1998). * 'Degree Award Oration', ''The Society of Malawi Journal'', 56, 1 (2003). * 'Islam in Central Africa: A Historiographical Document', ''The Society of Malawi Journal'', 59, 2 (2006). * 'A Major Chilembwe Letter', ''The Society of Malawi Journal'', 68, 1 (2015). * 'Dr John McCracken: A personal tribute', ''The Society of Malawi Journal'', 71, 1 (2018). [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵambili ŵakufumila ku Britain mu Malaŵi]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili Malaŵi]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakufwa]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakusintha charu cha Malaŵi]] == Ukaoni == <references responsive="1"></references> == Kuŵerenga == * [[:en:Angus_Calder|Angus Calder]], 'The Making of ''Schwarzer Orpheus'': Janheinz Jahn and George Shepperson', ''Journal of Commonwealth Literature'' (1980). * [[:en:Cedric_Robinson|Cedric Robinson]], 'Notes toward a "Native" Theory of History', ''Review (Fernand Braudel Center)'' 4, 1 (1980). * 'Ourselves as Others: Some Comments on Cedric Robinson on George Shepperson', ''Review'' (Fernand Braudel Center) 4, 1 (1980). == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80018705 Interview] at the Archives of the [[:en:Imperial_War_Museum|Imperial War Museum]] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq8SGdh1m_U Shepperson's opening address at the "Chilembwe Revisited Symposium"] ([[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh]], 7 February 2015) * [http://www.docs.is.ed.ac.uk/docs/lib-archive/bgallery/Gallery/records/nineteen2/shepperson.html Profile] at Edinburgh University Library {{Authority control}} 5eood5tza8mdngheh89a3arli2p4hy8 0 18449 120274 48278 2026-08-27T06:31:56Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leroy Vail''' (wakababika pa Ogasiti 5, 1940 - 27 Malichi 1999) wakababika na zina lakuti Hazen Leroy Vail. Wakasambizganga pa maunivesite gha ku [[Malaŵi|Malawi]], [[Zambia]], na United States, ndipo kafukufuku uyo wakachita mu vyaru viŵiri vyakwambilira, wakamovwira kuwona kuti mu Central Africa mukaŵa suzgo likuru chomene. Wakati wawelera ku United States, wakakolerana na Landeg White pa kafukufuku wa mu [[Mozambique]] na pa kuzirwa kwa sumu za ku Africa nga ni buku la mbiri ya ŵanthu. [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili Malaŵi]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakufwa]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakusintha charu cha Malaŵi]] 4o4zc8ihxv2ekemuc7lrj2j2yusnajt 0 20146 120257 51683 2026-08-27T01:33:29Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 120257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Kenneth Mumbo Thindwa''' (wakababika mu 1943) ni dokotala wa vyakurya wa ku [[Malawi]], wamalonda, ndipo wakaŵa mphala ya malango ya Rumphi pakati pa 2004-2009. Wakababikira mu muzi wa Chombe, ku Rumphi.<ref name="NLM v1 i2 p10">{{cite journal|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=n.d.|title=The Man behind the Shopping Centre that has Change Mzuzu|journal=Northern Life Magazine|volume=1|issue=2|pages=10}}</ref> Wakaŵa na digiri ya udokotala ndipo wakagwiranga nchito ku chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Sterling Winthrop (Pharmanova). Iyo ndiyo wakambiska kampani ya Kentam Products Ltd. == Ntchito na Masambiro == Wakasambira ku sukulu ya [[Mzuzu]] Government Secondary School ndipo wakaluta ku koleji ku [[California]] State ku United States. Wakakumana na muwoli wake, Tamara Thindwa, ku koleji. Pamanyuma pake ŵakafumako ku US kuya ku Malawi uko iyo wakagwiranga nchito ku Central Government Stores ndipo muwoli wake ku Reserve Bank. Kweniso wakaŵa mu komiti ya vyakurya ya ku Malawi, ndipo wakawovwira kukhazikiska malango ghakwendeskera vyakurya mu Malawi. Dr. Wakayama Thidwa wakazgoka munyawo wa bizinesi na muwoli wake apo ŵakagwiranga lumoza nchito za bizinesi mu Malawi, kusazgapo kukhazikiska Kentam Products ltd, na Kentam Mall. Wakambapo ndyali pakwimilira na kuteŵetera nga MP wa Rumphi East.<ref name="NLM v1 i2 p10" /> == Ukaboni == <references responsive="1"></references> 8ma1bprfmnfxlq5i4wu3j1mz2oiczmn 0 20167 120270 111631 2026-08-27T06:30:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=[[The Honorable]]|birth_name=Felix Lafiel Mlusu|image=Felix Mlusu.jpg|image_size=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1951|3|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Lilongwe]], Malawi|death_date=|death_place=|alma_mater=[[Polytechnic College]], [[University of Malawi]] ([[diploma]] in [[business studies]])|profession=[[corporate]] [[Senior management|executive]]|office=[[Minister of Finance (Malawi)|Minister of Finance]]|term_start=29 June 2020|term_end=24 January 2022|president=[[Lazarus Chakwera]]|predecessor=[[Joseph Mwanamvekha]]|successor=[[Sosten Gwengwe]]|party=[[Malawi Congress Party]]|spouse={{marriage|Sabbina Mlusu|1978}}|children=4}}'''Felix Mlusu''' (wakababika pa 23 March 1951) ni munthu waku [[Malawi]] uyo wakugwira nchito nga nduna ya vya ndalama mu boma la Malawi kufuma pa 2020 mpaka 2022. Pambere wandambe uteŵeti wake ku Treasury wakaŵa Managing Director na Group Chief Executive Officer wa NICO Holdings kufuma mu 1994 mpaka apo wakafumira pa nchito pa 31 December 2016. == Umoyo wa munthu == Mlusu wakababika pa 23 March 1951 ku Lilongwe, Nyasaland (uno Malawi). Mlusu wali kutengwa kwa Sabbina Mlusu, ndipo ŵali na ŵana ŵanayi na ŵazukuru. Banja ili lili na nyumba ku Blantyre ndipo ndimo ŵaliri mu mpingo wa St Michael and All Angels Church of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian - Blantyre Synod. Mlusu wakutemwa chomene gofu ndipo wakutemwa chomene kuchita maseŵero agha. == Masambiro == Mlusu wakaluta ku Chitukula Primary School na Likuni Boys Secondary School uko wakamalizga masambiro ghake ndipo wakasankhika kuti wakanjire University of Malawi Polytechnic College ku Blantyre uko wakamalizga masambiro ghake na Diploma mu Business Studies mu 1975. Mlusu wakalutizga masambiro ghake ku Chartered Insurance Institute of London ndipo wakapokera Associate Diploma mu 1985. Mu 1995, wakapokera digirii ya Chartered Insurer (UK) ndipo wakacemeka kuti waŵe yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵa Chartered Insurance Institute of London mu 2000. Mlusu ni muteŵeti wa Institute of Directors mu Southern Africa. Mlusu wakasambira masukulu gha vya umanyi na masukulu gha Malawi Polytechnic, Wits Business School ([[Johannesburg]], South Africa), Guardian Royal Exchange (London, United Kingdom), Munich Reinsurance Company (Munich, Germany), General Insurance Organisation (Sydney, Australia), College Of Insurance (Bombay, [[India]]) na Harvard Business School (Boston, United States). == NICO Holdings Plc == Mlusu wakanjira kampani ya National Insurance Company Limited mu 1975 nga ni msambizgi ndipo wakafika pa udindo wa Chief Executive Officer mu 1994. Mlusu wakazgoka Managing Director na Group Chief Executive Officer wa kampani ya NICO Holdings iyo yikasinthika. Pa nyengo iyo Mlusu wakalamuliranga, kampani ya NICO Holdings Limited (iyo yikachemekanga National Insurance Company Limited) yikaŵa yakwamba kulembeka pa Malawi Stock Exchange. Wakalongozga kampani ya NICO Holdings kuti yambe kupanga ndalama zakwendakwenda za kampani ya ku Malawi. Mlusu wakhalapo mu mabungwe ghanandi mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya chuma mu maudindo agha: Mulara wa NICO Holdings * Wapampando wa NBS Bank Public Limited Company * Wapampando wa Blantyre Hotels Public Limited Company- Ryalls Hotel by Marriott * Wapampando wa British American Tobacco * Wapampando wa Chibuku Products Limited Malawi (SABMiller Subsidiary) * Mlusu wali na maudindo ghakupambanapambana mu mabungwe ghanyake nga ni: * Mubali wa Komiti ya Malawi Stock Exchange - Wakaŵa na mulimo wa kuzenga Malawi Stock Exchange. * Mubali wa komiti yikuru ya African Insurance Organization (malo ghakulongozgera ku Cameroon) * Wapampando wa Insurance Association of Malawi * Wapampando wa COMESA Yellow Card Scheme, Council of Bureaux (Likulu lake lili ku [[Zambia]]) * Wapampando wa IMPACT - Private Sector Think-Tank wakupeleka ulongozgi ku boma la Malawi * Mlusu wakacitaso milimo yinyake padera pa iyo tazunura. == Nduna ya vya Ndalama == * Mlusu wakasankhika kuŵa Minister of Finance of the Republic of Malawi na President Lazarus Chakwera pa 29 June 2020. * Pakuŵa Nduna ya vya Ndalama, Hon. Mlusu wakaŵa mu wupu uwu: Mubali wa Kabineti Mlembi wakale wa National Assembly AfDB, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors, Wupu wa Banki ya Caru Cose, Mubali wa mu Wupu wa Ŵalaraŵalara Wupu wa vya Ndalama wa pa Charu Chose (International Monetary Fund), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors Wapampando wa Intergovernmental Committee of Senior Officials and Experts (ICSOE), 27th Session (2021) * == Kuzomerezgeka == * Mlusu wakapokera chiphalizgo cha Chewa Champions Award pa kusungilira mitheto, uteŵeti wa chalo na kutemwa chalo, kulongora nkharo yiweme na kukhozga mtende na Chewa Heritage Foundation. * Mlusu wakachemeka Customer Focused Executive of the Year 2015 ndipo wakapika Award of Service Excellence na Chartered Institution of Customer Management (Malawi). * Mlusu wakachindikika na University ya Mzuzu (a Malawi Government University) pakumupa Honorary Doctorate Degree in Business Leadership (Honors Causa) mu March 2017. * Mlusu wakalongozga na kufiska pulani yakulondezga muwuso wa NICO Holdings Plc pakati pa 2015 na 2016. == Ukaboni == * https://web.archive.org/web/20230312202718/https://mwnation.com/mlusu-retires-from-nico-after-41-years-of-service/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20230312175636/http://times.mw/felix-mlusu-bids-farewell-to-nico-holdings/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163530/http://nicomw.com/index.php/recent-news-events/161-mlusu-bids-farewell-to-nico * https://www.uneca.org/stories/the-27th-icsoe-meeting-of-southern-africa-elects-a-new-bureau-to-propel-industrialization-in lp2j79f1bcv6yfa8gmmkxnxqcmgubch 0 21036 120256 63628 2026-08-27T01:33:00Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 120256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu''' (Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation, panji CHRR) ni wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Malaŵi. Wakapangika mu Febuluwale 1995 nga ni wupu wa vyawanangwa, wambura vya ndyali, uwo uli kulembeska mu 1962 ku United States. Wupu uwu ukapangika na ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakawerako ku caru cawo na cilayizga ca demokilase mu 1994. Wupu uwu uli na wanangwa wa kupeleka mauteŵeti ghake kulikose mu Malaŵi. Kulembeka kwa wupu uwu kuyana na [[Dango]] la mu 1962, ndiko kukovwira kuti wupu uwu uŵe na udindo kweniso ntchito. Pasono mapulogiramu agha ghakuchitika mu vigaŵa vyose vitatu, kumwera, pakati na kumpoto. Wupu uwu ukuwovwira na kukhozga mitheto ya [[Malaŵi|Malawi]] iyo yikukolerana na demokilase na wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Ntchito ya CHRR nkhusungilira, kukhozga na kukhozga muwuso uwemi mwa kovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi na mu misumba ya ku Malawi kuti ŵamanye makora wanangwa wawo na kuwulondezga kwizira mu kafukufuku, masambiro, kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu na kupanga maukonde. CHRR yikukhumba kovwirapo pa kufiska mulimo uwu kwizira mu mapulogiramu ghanandi agho ghakucitika mu mapulogiramu ghaŵiri ghakuru, nga ni: Kuwovwira na Kovwira Ŵanthu na Kulondezga na Kusambizga pa Nkhani ya Wanangwa wa Ŵanthu. == Mbiri == Nkhani iyi yafuma kwa Undule Mwakasungura, uyo ni mulara wa CHRR.<ref name="autogenerated1">Undule Mwakasungura, Feb 2, 2008</ref> [[File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|thumb|The Flag of Malawi: The sun represents rising hope, black the people of the country, the red people who died for liberation and green represents nature.]] Wupu wa Human Rights and Rehabilitation (CHRR) ukapangika mu 1994. Gulu ili likapangika na ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakafumamo mu caru cawo mu vyaka vya m'ma 70 na 80. Ŵakambiraso kukhala mu vyaru vinyake ndipo ŵakamba kuchita bizinesi. Ŵakaweleraso mu 1994 apo ŵakaŵikapo ndondomeko yakuti paŵe maungano gha vipani vinandi. Wupu uwu ukazomera kugwiliskira nchito ivyo ukawona na kumanya kuti uvikilire wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Munthu yumoza pera uyo wakukhalapo wa gulu la awo ŵakambiska ni mulongozgi wa sono wa Undule Mwakasungura.. == Kawonelo Kakuru ka Gulu == === Mission Statement === Contribute towards the protection, promotion and consolidation of good governance byempowering rural and urban communities in Malawi to increase awareness of and exercise their rights through research, education, advocacy and networking in order to realize human development. === Objectives === -Raising awareness and understanding of human rights, democracy, and good governance among Malawians -Enhancing community awareness of safety issues -Acquiring information that is of national importance -Providing mediation to marginalized groups in Malawi -Lobbying for the repeal of laws that infringe on the rights of men, women, and children of Malawi. -Networking with other organizations with similar objectives on a national, regional, and international level. === Programs === •Community Mobilization and Empowerment •Human Rights Monitoring and Training. === Major Challenges CHRR faces === 1.) '''Sustainability''' in terms of financial support 2.) '''Duplication and Competition''' amongst local and international organizations 3.) '''Negative government attitude''' towards NGOs 4.) '''Staff turnover''' due to competition between NGOs 5.) '''Widespread illiteracy and ignorance''' among the population has contributed to the lack of appreciation and understanding of human rights and democracy. == Background on Malawi ==<!--Deleted image removed: [[Image:Malawi map.png|thumb|Map of Malawi]]--> The following information comes from the CIA world fact book.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa :: Malawi — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> ''Capital'': Lilongwe ''Population'': 13,603,181 (2007 est.) ''GDP per capita'': $800 (2007 est.) ''Type of Government'': Multiparty democracy ''History of current leader'': Malawi, established in 1891, gained its independence from Britain in 1964. It held its first multi party election in 1994, after three decades of rule under President Hastings Kamuzu. President Bingu wa Mutharika, who was elected in May 2004, currently holds the position. He formed his own party called the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Malawi has seen some economic improvement, but because of a political deadlock in the legislature, Mutharika has been unable to pass significant legislation. This has stalled the fight against corruption. ''Legal System:'' based on English common law, judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of appeal. === Challenges Malawi is facing === (following information from CHRR <ref name="autogenerated1" />) 1.) Lack of constitutionalism 2.) Lack of Respect for court rulings 3.) Lack of Political Parties (many groups are under represented. Women are not given leadership positions) 4.) Lack of Political Tolerance 5.) HIV and Aids == CHRR Achievements == CHRR has contributed to the promotion of human rights through programs like Civil Education: Bring awareness in communities through radio programs, community debates, training, and voter education. Research: CHRR has carried out research projects on issues related to governance, human rights, and other issues pertaining to governance and human rights. This research has been used as a tool for awareness and lobbying. Advocacy and Networking: CHRR has been in the forefront of advocacy for democratic governance. They have collaborated with organizations with similar interests. Some of the '''networks''' they are a part of include: CONGOMA HRCC Gender Support Network MEJN MESN Malawi Social Forum Amnesty International Some of their '''partners''' include: One World Africa Fahamu Education Training Centre For Children Affairs Civil Liberties Committee Christian Agency for Responsible Democracy and Unity Coalition on Violence Against Women Citizens for Justice Foundation for Community Support Service === Specific examples of work === The following table gives specific case examples of work that CHRR has been involved in. {| class="wikitable" !Country !Issue !Action |- |Zimbabwe |Political instability in the country (2006) |Took a public stance, calling the Southern African Development Community to take action in Zimbabwe <ref>{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ccd21.org/pdf/DemAlertZimb.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905145712/http://www.ccd21.org/pdf/DemAlertZimb.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2008 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.ccd21.org}}</ref> |- |Malawi |Problems that have arisen from the overpopulation of Zimbabwean refugees. (2007) |Called public officials to offer more programs to deal with economic issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawi Nyasa Times - |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/ |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=Malawi Nyasa Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Malawi |Lucius Kamanga shot by police officer who was in the car of a member of Parliament (5/04) Felix Chikoti was arrested and beat while in custody, later he was found strangled to death (5/04) Kennedy Chirombo was shot by police on his way to buy paraffin (5/04) |Offered the families a lawyer for litigation, and won settlements from the government for each of these families.<ref>[http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_42320.html Centre For Human Rights & Rehabilitation - Malawi<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092557/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_42320.html|date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> |- |Malawi |World Bank national report: Governance and Corruption Baseline Survey Team, which is in place to assess the amount of corruption in Malawi and design methods of disseminating information. (5/2005) |B. Kondowe Participated in this committee on behalf of CHRR <ref>{{Cite web |title=GOVERNANCE AND CORRUPTION BASELINE SURVEY |url=http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/capacitybuild/pdf/gac_survey_malawi_2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510105919/http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/capacitybuild/pdf/gac_survey_malawi_2006.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-10 |access-date=2022-09-19}}</ref> |- |Malawi |Controversy over Uranium mining project: Environmental and safety studies were done by company, rather than the government. Now there are accusations that the company lied about the results of these tests. (11/2006) |CHRR presented information in a press briefing in Lilongwe. Gave information on how mining could be detrimental.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MALAWI: Bingu misled on uranium miningâ€"civil society {{!}} corpwatch |url=https://corpwatch.org/article/malawi-bingu-misled-uranium-mining%C3%A2%E2%82%ACcivil-society |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=corpwatch.org}}</ref> |} == Ukaboni == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * [http://www.nyasatimes.com/index.php?news=2139 CHRR Advocates for Legislation to Curb Stigma Against HIV] * [http://www.nyasatimes.com/index.php?news=2120 Tembo refuses to budge on Section 65] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080418152141/http://www.mcgilldaily.com/view.php?aid=7061 Ben Travers reports on the anxieties about China’s rise in Africa, as Malawi ditches Taiwan for a new allegiance] * [http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=8322 Govt urged to revive Compensation Tribunal]{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051112005012/http://www.chrr.org.mw/ www.chrr.org.mw official website] ip8hgruu5hw10hl3onhwp2hqibsul2z 0 21076 120276 63734 2026-08-27T06:32:47Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ambassador Hawa Olga Ndilowe''' (wakababika mu 1960) ni wantchito wa boma wa ku [[Malaŵi|Malawi]] ndipo sono ni Chief Secretary wa boma la Malawi.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Hawa Ndilowe rises deputy chief secretary for Malawi govt {{!}} Nyasa Times Malawi breaking news in Malawi<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/24/hawa-ndilowe-rises-deputy-chief-secretary-for-malawi-govt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120910051749/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/24/hawa-ndilowe-rises-deputy-chief-secretary-for-malawi-govt/ |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref> SWakaŵa kazembe wa Malawi ku United States. Wakumanyikwa pa caru cose cifukwa ca kovwira kuti ŵasungwana ŵasambirenge. == Ntchito == Wakachita digiri ya bachelor mu social science na concentration mu economics na mathematics ku University of Malawi, Chancellor College. Pamanyuma, wakasanga digiri ya masisitere mu vya umanyi ku London School of Economics. Nyengo yichoko waka, wakamba kugwira ntchito ya kusanda vinthu vya mu Malawi, ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa Secretary Permanent mu boma. Iyo ni muteŵeti wa boma kwambira mu 1981. Wakaŵa kazembe wa Malawi ku United States mu chaka cha 2006 ndipo wakalembeka ku Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, [[Cuba]] na [[Mexico]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Participants |url=http://www.ageafrica.org/age/participants |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719150514/http://www.ageafrica.org/age/participants |archive-date=2012-07-19 |access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref> Pamanyuma wakamba kugwira nchito nga Chief Secretary for e-Government pamanyuma pa uteŵeti wake ku Washington, D.C. Pamanyuma pake wakasankhika kuŵa Deputy Chief Secretary ndipo pamanyuma wakazgoka Chief Secretary wa President and Cabinet. Mu chaka cha 2015 wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa Malawi mu chalo cha Tanzania mpaka mu mwezi wa December 2017. Mayi Hawa Olga Ndilowe adachoka pantchito zaboma mu Marichi 2020.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> == Umoyo wa munthu == Adada ŵake, a Vanwell Masamba, ŵakaŵa ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga matekisi ghapachanya ku Blantyre, msumba ukuru wa Malawi. Wali na mwana mwanalume na ŵana ŵanakazi ŵatatu.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> == Ukaboni == <references responsive="1"></references> {{Malawi-politician-stub}} 9vm2ya7hsfshlgay7o71ldiva062gpz 0 21079 120259 63737 2026-08-27T01:40:54Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 120259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maximiano Mcwilliam Lunguzi''' wakaŵa Inspector General of Police mu [[Malaŵi|Malawi]]. Wapresident [[Bakili Muluzi]] wakamuwuskapo pa udindo wake na kumwimikaso nga ni mulara wa vyaru vinyake kwambura kumulongosolera. Khoti likususka fundo iyi ndipo likati njakususkana na [[dango]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Citizens for Justice, "The state of rule of law in Malawi" |url=http://websites.inets.info/CFJ%20Malawi%20III/Reports/State%20of%20RoL%20in%20Malawi-Citizens%20for%20Justice-(CFJ).pdf |website=Websites.inets.info |accessdate=19 December 2018}}</ref> Wakaŵa na mulandu wa kupangana kuti wakome pamoza na John Tembo, Cecilia Kadzamira kweni ŵakamufumiska.<ref name="manualzz 2001 p205-227">{{cite web |title=Protesting Politics of "Death and Darkness" in Malawi, Reuben Makayiko Chirambo |url=https://manualzz.com/doc/17600292/a-democracy-of-chameleons--politics-and-culture-in-the-ne |work=Journal of Folklore Research, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Sep - Dec 2001) |pages=205–227}}</ref> HWakayowoyeka kuti wakakhwaskika na kukoma ŵanthu ku Mwanza, uko ŵantchito ŵatatu na mphala ya malango ŵakakomeka ku Mwanza. Lunguzi, John Tembo, Cecilia Kadzamira na ŵapolisi McDonald Kalemba na Leston Likawombe ŵakayimbika mulandu wa kupangana kuti ŵakome munthu. Wose ŵakasoleka na Mweruzgi Mackson Mkandawire.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=LA Times|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-24/news/mn-17461_1_banda|title=Malawi's Ex-Dictator, Aides Acquitted of Ordering 4 Politicians' Murders|date=December 24, 1995}}</ref> Mu 1995, wati wapumura pa ntchito, wakanjira mu ndyali ndipo wakalongora kuti wakukhumba kuŵa pulezidenti wa Malawi Congress Party. Wakafwa pambere wandaŵe pulezidenti, mu ngozi ya galimoto pa Julayi 2, 1996. Pulezidenti Bakkili Muluzi wakambiska kafukufuku pa nyifwa yake cifukwa ca ngozi ya galimoto iyo yikacitika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawi News Online (15) - 09/06/96 |url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/mno15.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130106122214/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/mno15.html |archive-date=2013-01-06 |access-date=2013-01-06}}</ref> == Mwambo wa Pop == * Wakuzunulika mu buku lakuti, And Crocodiles Are Hungry at Night na Jack Mapanje, pakuŵa Mulaŵiliri wa Jere uyo wakadumbiskana pakati pa Mapanje na Pulezidenti Banda apo Mapanje wakaŵa mu jere..<ref>{{cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=African Library: And crocodiles are hungry at night by Jack Mapanje |url=https://www.litnet.co.za/african-library-crocodiles-hungry-night-jack-mapanje/ |website=LitNet.co.za |accessdate=19 December 2018}}</ref> * Wakayowoyeka mu buku lakuti Discourses of Empire and Commonwealth, lakulembeka na Jack Mapanje. == Ukaboni == <references responsive="1"></references> {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=}} {{s-ttl||title=[[Inspector Generals of Malawi]]}} {{s-aft|after=Joseph Aironi}} {{s-end}} 2ifguxl9dfv28o1zme86yy45bcbzxu3 0 22645 120280 118844 2026-08-27T06:35:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} Ivyo ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵakugomezga na kuchita ni vyakupambanapambana.<ref name="mol">Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009) [[Molefi Kete Asante]]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ndlovu|first=Tommy Matshakayile|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34114180|title=Imikhuba lamasiko AmaNdebele|date=1995|publisher=Mambo Press|others=Doris Ndlovu, Bekithemba S. Ncube|isbn=0-86922-624-X|location=Gweru,GasiyaZimbabwe|oclc=34114180}}</ref> Kanandi, maluso agha ghakuyowoyeka na mulomo m'malo mwa Malemba ndipo ghakupharazgika kufuma ku muwiro umoza kuya ku unyake kwizira mu nkhani za ŵanthu, sumu, na viphikiro,<ref>{{cite book | last=Juergensmeyer | first=Mark | title=The Oxford handbook of global religions | url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_i0h0 | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=Oxford | date=2006 | isbn=0-19-513798-1 | oclc=64084086}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Mbiti | first=John S. | title=Introduction to African religion | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoaf0000mbit_a2y5 | publisher=Heinemann Educational Books | publication-place=Oxford [England] | date=1991 | isbn=0-435-94002-3 | oclc=24376978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nweke |first=Kizito Chinedu |date=2022-12-25 |title=Responding to new Imageries in African indigenous Spiritualties |url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/20246 |journal=Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=271–282 |doi=10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.20246 |s2cid=255213985 |issn=2528-7249}}</ref> ndipo ghakusazgapo kugomezga mizimu na ŵachiuta ŵapacanya na ŵa pasi, nyengo zinyake kusazgapo munthu wapachanya, kweniso kusopa ŵakufwa, na kugwiliskira nchito masalamusi na munkhwala wa ku Africa. Visopa vinandi vikulongosoreka kuti ni vyamoyo<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kimmerle|first=Heinz|date=2006-04-11|title=The world of spirits and the respect for nature: towards a new appreciation of animism|journal=The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa|language=en-US|volume=2|issue=2|pages=15|doi=10.4102/td.v2i2.277|issn=2415-2005|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Vontress|first=Clemmont E.|title=Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/books/integrating-traditional-healing-practices-into-counseling-and-psychotherapy/n11.xml|work=Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy|pages=124–137|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|access-date=2019-10-31|doi=10.4135/9781452231648|isbn=9780761930471}}</ref> na vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya cisopa na cisopa.<ref name="mol"/><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section6.shtml An African Story] [[BBC]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151102074637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section6.shtml Archived] November 2, 2015, at the [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Ntchito ya ŵanthu yikuwoneka kuti yikukolerana na vinthu vyachilengiwa.<ref name="mol"/><ref>[https://hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/341/758#17 What is religion? An African understanding] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160521115514/http://www.hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/341/758#17 Archived] May 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.</ref> ==Kufalikira== [[File:Igbo medicine man.jpg|thumb|right|Munthu wakuchizga wa ku Nigeria, West Africa.]] Ŵanthu awo ŵakulondezga visopa vya mu Africa ŵali mu vyaru 43. <ref name="Encyclbrit">''Britannica Book of the Year'' (2003), ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' (2003) {{ISBN|978-0-85229-956-2}} p.306 <br />According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', as of mid-2002, there were 480,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. [http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php Ian S. Markham, ''A World Religions Reader'' (1996) Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032618/http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php |date=March 4, 2016 }} is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture (see Amadu Jacky Kaba). The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. ''The Western Journal of Black Studies'', Vol 29, Number 2, (June 2005), discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedias, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed on figure. Notes the figure presented at the [http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm ''World Christian Encyclopedia'', summarized here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305222924/http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm |date=March 5, 2016 }}, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070521093323/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions], Foreign Policy, May 2007.</ref><ref name="Lugira">Lugira, Aloysius M., ''African Traditional Religions'' (New York: Chelsea House, 2009), p. 36 [in] Varghese, Roy Abraham, ''Christ Connection: How the World Religions Prepared the Way for the Phenomenon of Jesus'', Paraclete Press (2011), p. 1935, {{ISBN|9781557258397}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=IH8JtLHnFkoC&pg=PA1935] (Retrieved 24 March 2019)</ref> Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa lero ŵakulondezga Chikhristu panji Chisilamu, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa kanandi ŵakusazgapo maluso gha visopa vyawo na maluso gha visopa vya Abrahamu.<ref name="googlemix">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wL0y9fUEB8C&q=%22often+mix%22&pg=PA15|title=Introduction to African religion |isbn=9780435940027|last1=Mbiti|first1=John S|year=1992}}When Africans are converted to other religions, they often mix their traditional religion with the one to which they are converted. In this way they are not losing something valuable, but are gaining something from both religious customs</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22many+African+Christians%22|page=1|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations |isbn=9780787666125|last1=Riggs|first1=Thomas|year=2006}}Although a large proportion of Africans have converted to Islam an Christianity, these two world religions have been assimilated into African culture, and many African Christians and Muslims maintain traditional spiritual beliefs</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LldeLvqQNsC&pg=PA266|title=The Oxford handbook of religion and ecology |isbn=9780195178722|last1=Gottlieb|first1=Roger S|date=2006-11-09}}Even in the adopted religions of Islam and Christianity, which on the surface appear to have converted millions of Africans from their traditional religions, many aspect of traditional religions are still manifest</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpKESvthJtQeyjk57vyzOnY5l9cg|title=US study sheds light on Africa's unique religious mix| publisher=AFP}}t doesn't seem to be an either-or for many people. They can describe themselves primarily as Muslim or Christian and continue to practice many of the traditions that are characteristic of African traditional religion," Luis Lugo, executive director of the Pew Forum, told AFP.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IDfqT6589kC&pg=PA40|title=In Transitions and consolidation of democracy in Africa |isbn=9781586840402|last1=Quainoo|first1=Samuel Ebow|date=2000-01-01}}Even though the two religions are monotheistic, most African Christians and Muslims convert to them and still retain some aspects of their traditional religions</ref> Visopa viŵiri ivi vikusangika mu vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa, kweni vinandi vikusangika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Visopa ivi vikasintha visopa vya ku Africa, kweni kanandi vikukolerana na mitheto ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵa chisopa cha Abrahamu, chomenechomene awo ŵakugomezga kuti kuli Chiuta yumoza pera, ŵakamba kugomezga chisopa ichi.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) {{ISBN|9780852299562}} p.306. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. [http://www.greenwoodsvillage.com/gor/islam.htm Ian S. Markham,(A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)] is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the [http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here], as being an outlier. [[The World Book Encyclopedia]] has estimated that in 2002 Christians formed 40% of the continent's population, with Muslims forming 45%. It was also estimated in 2002 that Christians form 45% of Africa's population, with Muslims forming 40.6%.</ref> Ŵalondezgi ŵa visopa vya ku Africa ŵali pa caru cose. Sonosono apa, visopa vinandi, nga ntchisopa cha Ŵayoruba, vyazara chomene. Cisopa ca Ŵayoruba cikujintha misisi mu virwa vya ku Caribbean na vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Central na South America. Mu United States, Voodoo yikuru comene mu vyaru vya ku Gulf of [[Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ancient African Religion Finds Roots In America|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/08/25/215298340/ancient-african-religion-finds-roots-in-america|access-date=2020-11-27|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> == Fundo Zakwamba == Ivyo ŵanthu ŵakugomezga vikukolerana na visambizgo vyautesi vya visopa vya ku Africa. Ivi vikusazgapo kusopa ŵachiuta, kusopa vyamoyo, kusopa ŵasekuru, na kugomezga kuti para munthu wafwa wakulutilira kuŵa na umoyo, nga umo viliri na visopa vinyake vya ku [[Japan]], nga ni Shinto panji vya ku [[Europe]]. Nangauli visopa vinyake vikuwona kuti kuli chiuta yumoza pera uyo wali kulenga vinthu vyose, kweni vinyake vikuwona kuti kuli ŵachiuta ŵanandi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kimmerle|first=Heinz|date=2006-04-11|title=The world of spirits and the respect for nature: towards a new appreciation of animism|journal=The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa|language=en-US|volume=2|issue=2|pages=15|doi=10.4102/td.v2i2.277|issn=2415-2005|doi-access=free}}</ref> Visopa vya ku Africa navyo vikukolerana na visambizgo vyautesi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/download/91437/80924|title=The Need to Re-Conceptualize African Traditional Religion|last=Asukwo|date=2013}}</ref> Chisopa cha ku Africa, nga umo viliri na visambizgo vinandi vyakale pa charu chose, chikajintha pa maluso gha ŵanthu. Maluso agha ni visambizgo vya cisopa yayi, kweni ni mikhaliro iyo yikusangika mu nkhani, vidokoni, na vidokoni, kufuma ku muwiro umoza kuya ku unyake. Ŵanthu ŵa mu cikaya na mbumba zawo, kweniso malo agho munthu wakukhalako, ni vyakuzirwa comene pa umoyo wake. Awo ŵakulondezga Yesu ŵakugomezga kuti mizimu ya ŵasekuru ŵawo yikuŵalongozga. Mu visopa vinandi vya ku Africa, muli ŵalongozgi ŵa cisopa na ŵasembe. Ŵanthu aŵa mbakukhumbikwa comene kuti ŵanthu ŵalutilire kuŵa ŵakukhora mwauzimu na kusopa. Pali ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakuchizga na 'kuwukwa' nga umo vikuŵira na ŵasamani. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakucemeka na ŵasekuru panji ŵachiuta. Ŵakusambizgika vinthu vinandi, kusazgapo umo ŵangagwiliskira nchito vyakumera kuti ŵagowokere ŵalwari ndiposo vinthu vinyake vyamahara, nga nkhusanga cinthu cakubisika kwambura kumanya uko cili. Visopa vya ku Africa vikugomezga kuti ŵasekuru ŵakuŵa paubwezi na ŵabali ŵawo. Mizimu ya ŵasekuru kanandi yikuŵa yiwemi ndiposo yiwemi. Vinthu viheni ivyo mizimu ya ŵasekuru yikucita vikupangiska matenda ghacoko waka kuti ŵanthu ŵamanye kuti ŵanjira mu nthowa yiheni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Traditional Religion {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/african-traditional-religion|access-date=2021-06-19|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Visopa vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa vikukolerana na kusopa ŵasekuru, kugomezga kuti kuli mizimu, vyamoyo vyamahara, na wanangwa wakusankha. Ŵanthu awo ŵali kufwa (na vinyama panji vinthu vyakuzirwa) ŵacali ŵamoyo ku malo gha mizimu ndipo ŵangakhwaska panji kucezga na caru. Kusopa ŵachiuta ŵanandi kukaŵa kwachilendo mu vyaru vinandi vya ku Africa na vyaru vinyake pambere Chisilamu, Chikhristu, na Chiyuda vindambe. Chisopa chautesi icho chikaŵako nyengo yichoko waka chikaŵa cha Farawo Akhenaten, uyo wakaphalira ŵanthu kuti ŵalombenge kwa chiuta wawo Aten.<ref>{{cite book | last=Hornung | first=Erik | title=Akhenaten and the religion of light | url=https://archive.org/details/akhenatenreligio0000horn | publisher=Cornell University Press | publication-place=Ithaca, N.Y. | date=2001 | isbn=0-8014-8725-0 | oclc=48417401 | author-link=Erik Hornung}}</ref> Kweni mwana wake muchoko chomene, Tutankhamun, wakawuskapo chisopa ichi.<ref>Hexham, Irvin ((1981), ''Lord of the Sky-King of the earth: Zulu Traditional Religion and Belief in the Skrelicsy God'', Sciences Religieuses Studies in Religion, vol. 10: 273-78)</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Busia|first=K. A.|date=1963|title=Has the distinction between primitive and higher religions any sociological significance ?|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0003-9659_1963_num_16_1_1996|journal=Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions|volume=16|issue=1|pages=22–25|doi=10.3406/assr.1963.1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peterson|first=Olof|date=|title=Foreigen influences on the idea of God in African religions|url=https://journal.fi/scripta/article/download/67031/27329|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref name="Okwu">{{cite journal | vauthors = Okwu AS | title = Life, Death, Reincarnation, and Traditional Healing in Africa | journal = Issue: A Journal of Opinion | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | date = 1979 | doi = 10.2307/1166258 |pages = 19–24| jstor = 1166258 }}</ref> Ŵachiuta ŵankhongono, pamoza na ŵachiuta ŵanyake ŵapadera, mizimu ya ŵasekuru, mizimu ya vigaŵa, na vyamoyo, ni nkhani iyo yikusangika mu visopa vya mu Africa, ndipo yikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵakale ŵa ku Africa ŵakachitiranga vinthu.<ref name="Okwu" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&q=traditional+african+religions+polytheism&pg=RA1-PA185|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia|last=Stanton|first=Andrea L.|date=2012|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781412981767|language=en}}</ref><ref>Baldick, Julian (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBzGsr1bw6cC&q=christianity+judaism+islam+afroasiatics Black God: the Afroasiatic roots of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions]. Syracuse University Press:{{ISBN|0-8156-0522-6}}</ref> Ŵachiuta ŵankhongono, pamoza na ŵachiuta ŵanyake ŵapadera, mizimu ya ŵasekuru, mizimu ya vigaŵa, na vyamoyo, ni nkhani yakuzomerezgeka mu visopa vya mu Africa, ndipo vikulongosora za kakhaliro ka ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa wakale. 26][27][28] Kafukufuku munyake wakulongora kuti visambizgo vinyake vya cisopa cimoza, nga nkhugomezga mwa Ciuta panji nkhongono yikuru (pamoza na ŵachiuta ŵanyake ŵanandi, ŵachiuta na mizimu, nyengo zinyake ŵakuwoneka nga ni awo ŵakwendeska pakati pa ŵanthu na Mlengi) vikaŵako mu Africa, pambere visopa vya Abrahamu vindaŵeko. Fundo izi zikapambananga na chisopa chautesi icho chikaŵa mu visopa vya Abrahamu.<ref name="Okwu" /><ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0K0p8wCNKTQC&q=Christopher+Ehret+Niger+Congo+religion The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800]'', by Christopher Ehret, James Currey, 2002 </ref><ref name=convehret>{{cite interview | last=Ehret | first=Christopher | interviewer-first=Tom | interviewer-last=Laichas | title=A Conversation with Christopher Ehret | website=World History Connected | date=November 2004 | url=https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/2.1/ehret.html | access-date=30 May 2020 }} (Citation with date provided [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320085035/https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/cgi-bin/cite.cgi here])</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&q=traditional+african+religions+polytheism&pg=RA1-PA185|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia|last=Stanton|first=Andrea L.|date=2012|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781412981767|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Koku Dancer.jpg|thumb|Munthu wakwimba sumu ya Koku]] Nakuti munkhwala wa ku Africa ukukolerana na visopa vya ku Africa. Kuyana na Clemmont E. Vontress, visopa vyakupambanapambana vya mu Africa vikukolerana cifukwa ca cisopa ca Animisimu. Kuyana na iyo, kugomezga mizimu na ŵasekuru ni fundo yakuzirwa comene mu visopa vya ku Africa. Ŵachiuta aŵa ŵakajipangira ŵekha panji ŵakafuma ku mizimu panji ŵasekuru awo ŵanthu ŵakaŵasopanga. Wakayowoyaso kuti visopa vinandi vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa vikakhwaskika chomene na visopa vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa yayi, chomenechomene Chikhristu na Chisilamu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Vontress|first=Clemmont E.|title=Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/books/integrating-traditional-healing-practices-into-counseling-and-psychotherapy/n11.xml|work=Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy|pages=124–137|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|access-date=2019-10-31|doi=10.4135/9781452231648|isbn=9780761930471}}</ref> Visopa vya ku Africa vikugomezga kuti para munthu wafwa wakuwuka, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakugomezga kuti para munthu wafwa wakubabikaso.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndemanu |first=Michael T. |date=January 2018 |title=Traditional African religions and their influences on the worldviews of Bangwa people of Cameroon |journal=Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad |volume=30 |pages=70–84 |url=https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405 |publisher=Ball State University; Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad |doi=10.36366/frontiers.v30i1.405 |quote=There is an unwavering belief in life after death in traditional African religions with some even believing in reincarnation...|doi-access=free }}</ref> Jacob Olupona, uyo ni pulofesa wa chisopa cha ku Africa pa yunivesite ya Harvard, wakayowoya kuti visopa vinandi vya ku Africa vikaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Kusopa ŵasekuru nkhwakuzirwa chomene mu mitheto ya ku Africa ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakuwona kuti ndiko nkhwakuzirwa chomene. Ŵasekuru (viŵanda vya ŵasekuru) ŵaliko nadi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti ŵasekuru ŵakukhala mu malo gha mizimu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=The spirituality of Africa|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> :''Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakususkana pa nkhani ya umo ŵachiuta na ŵasekuru ŵaliri, kweni ŵakugomezga kuti ŵasekuru ŵali na umoyo wapachanya kuluska ŵanthu ndipo ŵakugomezga kuti ŵangapeleka vitumbiko panji matenda ku ŵana ŵawo.'' Ŵasekuru ŵangapeleka ulongozgi na kucindika ŵana ŵawo awo ŵacali ŵamoyo, kweni ŵangapemphaso kuti malo ghawo ghakupatulika ghakhalenge makora. Chipulikano mu ŵasekuru chikulongoraso kuti umoyo wauzimu wa mu Africa ngwakukolerana na ŵanthu wose. Olupona wakukana fundo ya ku Western/Islam ya kusopa Chiuta yumoza ndipo wakuti fundo izi zingapulikiska yayi maluso gha ku Africa ndipo ni zakusuzga. Nangauli visambizgo vinyake vikuyowoya kuti kuli chiuta munyake uyo wali pachanya pa wose, kweni vinyake vikuyowoya nthena yayi. Kusopa Ciuta yumoza kukuyana yayi na umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakuwonera ŵachiuta na vilengiwa vyauzimu. Iyo wakalongosora kuti visopa vya mu Africa ni visopa pera yayi, kweni ni umo ŵanthu ŵakuwonera vinthu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=The spirituality of Africa|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> == Viphikiro == Mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi na vya ku Central Africa, ŵanthu ŵakuchita viphikiro panji maluso gha kuwukwa. Mulimo unyake wa cisopa uwo ukucitika mu Gabon na Cameroon ni Okuyi, uwo ukucitika na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu. Mu chigaŵa ichi, kwakuyana na chigaŵa, kuvina kwa viŵiya panji viŵiya ivyo ŵakwimba ŵakumanyikwa (vyose ivyo ni vyapadera kwa chiuta panji ŵasekuru), awo ŵakuchitako ŵakuŵa na chiuta panji ŵasekuru, nkhongono panji maghanoghano mwa kuchita maluso panji kuvina uko kukovwira kuti ŵamanye vinandi.<ref name="Karade, B. pages 39-46">Karade, B. ''The Handbook of Yoruba Religious Concepts'', pages&nbsp;39–46. Samuel Weiser Inc, 1994</ref> Para munthu wakuwona na kupulikiska umo vinthu viliri, wakuŵa na maghanoghano ghakwenelera. Ivi vikovwira munthu kuti wapambaniskenge pakati pa umo wakujipulikira na umo vinthu vikuŵira mu umoyo wake. Para munthu waŵa na maghanoghano ghakupambanapambana pa nkhani ya nkhongono panji umo wakujipulikira, vikovwira kuti wamanye umo wangachitira na masuzgo agha. Ici cikovwira kuti nkhongono izi zileke kuwoneka makora na kuzgoka nkharo yiwemi, maghanoghano, na kayowoyero. Kweniso, para munthu uyo wali na maluso gha kusopa panji wavinjeru wakung'anamura mazgu agha, wangamanya nthowa iyo wupu (panji munthu) wangalondezga kuti wafiske chilato chake.<ref>Annemarie De Waal Malefijt (1968) ''Religion and Culture: an Introduction to Anthropology of Religion'', p.&nbsp;220–249, Macmillan</ref> == Moŵa == Awo ŵakulondezga visopa vya mu Africa ŵakulomba mizimu yakupambanapambana kweniso ŵasekuru ŵawo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/|title=The spirituality of Africa|date=2015-10-06|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> Ici cikusazgapo cilengiwa, vilengiwa vyauzimu, na vinyama. Kanandi palije mphambano pakati pa mizimu yankhongono na ŵachiuta. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu vyaru vya mu Africa ŵakugomezga kuti kuli ŵachiuta ŵanandi kweniso ŵachiuta na mizimu yinandi. Paliso visopa vinyake ivyo vili na munthu yumoza pera (Chukwu, Nyame, Olodumare, Ngai, Roog, etc.).[ 39] Ŵanyake ŵakumanya kuti kuli chiuta na chiuta mwanakazi ŵaŵiri nga ni Mawu-Lisa.<ref>Willie F. Page (2001) ''Encyclopedia of African History and Culture'', Volume 1, p. 55. Published by Facts on File, {{ISBN|0-8160-4472-4}}</ref> Some recognize a [[Dualistic cosmology|dual]] god and goddess such as [[Mawu|Mawu-Lisa]].<ref>Peter C. Rogers (2009) ''Ultimate Truth'', Book 1, p100. Published by AuthorHouse, {{ISBN|1-4389-7968-1}}</ref> Visopa vya ku Africa vikugomezga kuti para munthu wafwa wakuluta ku caru cinyake, ndipo kusopa ŵasekuru nkhwakuzirwa comene. Visopa vinyake vya ku Africa vikamba kuwona vinthu mwakupambana na visopa vya Chisilamu panji Chihindu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Parrinder|first=E. G.|date=1959|title=Islam and West African Indigenous Religion|journal=Numen|volume=6|issue=2|pages=130–141|doi=10.2307/3269310|issn=0029-5973|jstor=3269310}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndemanu |first=Michael T. |date=January 2018 |title=Traditional African religions and their influences on the worldviews of Bangwa people of Cameroon |journal=Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad |volume=30 |pages=70–84 |doi=10.36366/frontiers.v30i1.405 |url=https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Maluso na maluso == [[File:Masques BaKongo.JPG|thumb|Masks a Bakongo ochokera ku Central Congo]] Mu visopa vyose vya mu Africa, pali vinthu vinandi vyakuyana kuluska ivyo vikupambana, nangauli Jacob Olupona wakalemba kuti nchakusuzga kuviyaniska cifukwa ca kupambana kwa visopa ivi.<ref>John S. Mbiti (1990) ''African Religions & Philosophy'' 2nd Ed., p&nbsp;100–101, Heinemann, {{ISBN|0-435-89591-5}}</ref> Ŵachiuta na mizimu ŵakuchindikika kwizira mu sembe za nyama, mphangwe, vyakurya vyakuphika, maluŵa, malibwe ghakuzirwa na visulo vyakuzirwa. Munthu uyo wakugomezga Chiuta wakuchita ivyo ŵachiuta ŵakukhumba.<ref>John S. Mbiti (1992) ''Introduction to African Religion'' 2nd Ed., p. 68, Published by East African Publishers {{ISBN|9966-46-928-1}}</ref> Visopa vya ku Africa vikukolerana na umo vinthu vikuŵira mu charu. Gottlieb na Mbiti ŵakuti: <blockquote>Vinthu vyakuthupi na vyakuthupi vikukolerana na visopa na mitheto ya ku Africa. Ici nchifukwa cakuti visambizgo vya cilengiwa na vigomezgo vikukolerana comene na vinthu vya mu cilengiwa. Vinthu vyose nga ni vula, kududumira, ŵaleza, vula, zuŵa, mwezi, dazi, nyenyezi, na vinyake vingaŵa vyakuti munthu wangavilamulira mwakuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakughanaghanira. Vinthu vyakuthupi ndivyo vikovwira ŵanthu kusanga vyakukhumbikwa pa umoyo wawo.<ref>Roger S. Gottlieb (2006) ''The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology'', p. 261, Oxford Handbooks Online {{ISBN|0-19-517872-6}}</ref></blockquote> Mwaciyelezgero, mu cisopa ca Serer, nyenyezi yimoza yakupatulika comene mu mlengalenga yikucemeka Yoonir (Nyenyezi ya Siriyo).<ref>Henry Gravrand (1990) ''La Civilisation Sereer Pangool'', PP 21, 152, Published by Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Sénégal, {{ISBN|2-7236-1055-1}}</ref> Ŵasembe na ŵasembe ŵanakazi ŵa ku Serer (Saltigue) ŵakupeleka maungano gha chaka na chaka pa Xooy Ceremony (ciphikiro ca kuwukwa) mu Fatick pambere nyengo ya Yoonir yindakwane.<ref>Simone Kalis (1997) ''Médecine Traditionnelle, Religion et Divination Chez les Seereer Siin du Sénégal: La Coonaissance de la Nuit'', L'Harmattan, {{ISBN|2-7384-5196-9}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuchizga ŵalwari mu vigaŵa vinandi. == Kuwukwa == [[File:Early 20th century Yoruba divination board.jpg|thumb|Charu cha Yoruba chakwambilira kwa m'ma 1900]] Pakuti mu Africa muli ŵanthu ŵa mitundu na mitheto yakupambanapambana, pali nthowa yimoza yayi ya kuwukwa. Munthu wangaponya vinthu vichoko waka nga ni viwangwa, viswaswa, malibwe, vikumba, panji mathabwa. [[File:Sangoma reading the Bones.jpg|thumb|left|Wakuchizga wa ku South Africa]] wakuŵerenga viwangwa]] Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakugwiliskira nchito mbale zakupatulika za makuni panji ŵakuzigwiliskira nchito pa caru. Mu vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuluta ku awo ŵakuwukwa. Kanandi palije dango lakukanizga kuchita nthena. Ŵalongozgi ŵavinjeru ŵakumanyikwa comene cifukwa ca vinjeru vyawo ndiposo cifukwa ca kumanya makora vyakurya. == Nkharo yiwemi na viheni == Mu cisopa ca ku Africa, kaŵirikaŵiri nkharo yiweme yikukolerana na kufiska milimo ya mu cikaya. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni kucindika ŵapapi na ŵalara, kulera makora ŵana, kupokelera ŵalendo, kuŵa ŵakugomezgeka, kweniso kuŵa na cikanga. Mu visopa vinyake vya ku Africa, nkharo yiwemi yikukolerana na kupulikira panji kuleka kupulikira Ciuta. Ŵanthu ŵa Kikuyu ŵakugomezga kuti Chiuta, uyo wakuyowoya kwizira mu ŵachiuta ŵachoko, wakovwira munthu kuŵa na njuŵi yiwemi. Mu vigaŵa vinandi, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵali kuzgokera ku visopa vinyake ŵakulutilira kusunga mitheto yawo na maluso ghawo.<ref>''Resolving the Prevailing Conflicts Between Christianity and African (Igbo) Traditional Religion Through Inculturation'', by Edwin Anaegboka Udoye</ref> == Malo ghakupatulika == Malo ghanyake ghakupatulika gha visopa vyawo ni: Nri-Igbo, Point of Sangomar, Yaboyabo, Fatick, Ife, Oyo, Dahomey, Benin City, Ouidah, Nsukka, Kanem, Bornu Empire na Tulwap Kipsigis. == Kutambuzgika cifukwa ca cisopa == Visopa vya mu Africa vikususkika na Ŵakhristu na Ŵasilamu.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/africanvoicesofa00bail <!-- quote=Africans were equal partners. --> Anne C. Bailey, ''African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Beyond the Silence and the Shame''.]</ref><ref>M. Darrol Bryant, Rita H. Mataragnon, The Many faces of religion and society (1985), Page 100, https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nAAAAYAAJ:"African traditional religion went through and survived this type of persecution at the hands of Christianity and Islam..."</ref> Awo ŵakulondezga visopa ivi ŵakunjira mu cisopa ca Cisilamu na Cikhristu, ndipo ŵakuŵasuska na kuŵataya. ^ ndime.<ref>Garrick Bailey, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1133603564 ''Essentials of Cultural Anthropology''], 3rd edn (2013), p. 268:"Later, during the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries became active in Africa and Oceania. Attempts by Christian missionaries to convert nonbelievers to Christianity took two main forms: forced conversions and proselytizing."</ref> Vinthu ivi ni kukoma ŵanthu, kurwa nkhondo, kuparanya malo ghakupatulika, na vinthu vinyake vyakofya.<ref> Festus Ugboaja Ohaegbulam, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0819179418 ''Towards and Understanding of the African Experience''] (1990), p. 161:"The role of Christian missionaries are a private interest group in European colonial occupation of Africa was a significant one...Collectively their activities promoted division within traditional African societies into rival factions...the picture denigrated African culture and religion..."</ref><ref>Toyin Falola et al., [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=031335972 Hot Spot: Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa] (2010), p. 7:"A religion of Middle Eastern origin, Islam reached Africa via the northern region of the continent by means of conquest. The Islamic wars of conquest that would lead to the Islamization of North Africa occurred first in Egypt, when in about 642 CE the country fell to the invading Muslim forces from Arabia. Over the next centuries, the rest of the Maghreb would succumb to Jihadist armies...The notion of religion conversion, whether by force or peaceful means, is foreign to indigenous African beliefs...Islam, however, did not become a religion of the masses by peaceful means. Forced conversion was an indispensable element of proselytization."</ref> Chifukwa cha kutambuzgika na kusankhana, kweniso chifukwa cha kuleka kukolerana na ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi, ŵanthu ŵa ku Dinka ŵakakana panji kusulako visambizgo vya Chisilamu na Chikhristu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=S. F. |date=1994 |title=Non-Acceptance of Islam in the Southern Sudan: The Case of the Dinka from the Pre-Colonial Period to Independence (1956) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41931096 |journal=Northeast African Studies |volume=1 |issue=2/3 |pages=19–47 |doi=10.1353/nas.1994.0018 |jstor=41931096 |s2cid=143871492 |issn=0740-9133}}</ref> == Maukaboni == <references/> [[Category:Visopa vya mu Africa]] [[Category:Chitumbuka]] [[Category:Chisopa mu Africa]] a9vkadotyejxrx05n3whl1q9215xzrx 0 22650 120271 112326 2026-08-27T06:31:06Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chisopa mu Africa''' chili na vigaŵa vinandi ndipo chili na nkharo, maluso, na vinjeru vinandi. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu Africa ŵakulondezga visopa vya Chikhristu, Chisilamu, na visopa vinyake vya ku Africa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=cornwell|first=Gordon|title=Theological Seminary, African Christianity}}</ref> Mu vyaru vya Cikhristu panji Cisilamu, visambizgo vya cisopa nyengo zinyake vikupambana na visambizgo vya visopa vyacikale.<ref name="jpanafrican1">[http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol3no5/3.5-6newRestless.pdf Restless Spirits: Syncretic Religion] Yolanda Pierce, Ph.D. Associate Professor of African American Religion & Literature</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanbelief.com/|title=AFRICAN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS - Tewahedo - Palo - Serer - Tijaniyyah - Vodon|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Comparative">[http://www.studiesincomparativereligion.com/uploads/ArticlePDFs/268.pdf Dr J.O. Awolalu, Studies in Comparative Religion Vol. 10, No. 2. (Spring, 1976).]</ref> == Visopa vya ku Africa == [[File:Voodo-altar.jpg|thumb|Chipata cha Vodun ku Abomey, Benin]] [[File:Early 20th century Yoruba divination board.jpg|thumb|200px|Bokosi la Ŵayoruba ilo likuyowoya vya kuwukwa la m'ma 1900]] Mu Africa muli visopa vyakupambanapambana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awolalu|first=Dr. J.O|title=Studies in comparative religion}}</ref> Nangauli nyengo zinyake ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinyake ŵakuyana waka pa nkhani ya chisopa, kweni kanandi ŵanthu aŵa ŵakukhala mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana.<ref>[[Cheikh Anta Diop]] The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, Chicago, L.Hill, 1974. {{ISBN|1-55652-072-7}}</ref> Visopa vyose vya ku Africa vikukolerana na fundo yakuyana ya kusopa ŵasekuru.<ref>{{Citation|last=Vontress|first=Clemmont E.|title=Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/books/integrating-traditional-healing-practices-into-counseling-and-psychotherapy/n11.xml|work=Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy|pages=124–137|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781452231648 |isbn=9780761930471 |access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> Dr. J Omosade Awolalu wakati, mazgu ghakuti "wakale" pa lemba ili ghakung'anamura vinthu vyakwambilira, ivyo vikufuma ku muwiro na muwiro. Chiharo icho chafuma kumasinda, kweni kuti nchinthu cha kumasinda yayi, kweni icho chikukolerana na ivyo vyacitika kale na ivyo vyacitika sono ndiposo ivyo vyacitika sono na vyamuyirayira.<ref name="Comparative" /> Kanandi ŵakuyowoya za umo vinthu viliri, kweni ŵakumanya kuti Africa ni caru cikuru ico cili na mitundu yinandi iyo yili na mitheto yakupambanapambana, viyowoyero vyambura mapendeko na viyowoyero vinandi.<ref name="Comparative" /> === Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa === === Ŵanthu ŵa ku East Africa === == Visopa vya Abrahamu == Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵali mu cisopa ca Cikhristu panji Cisilamu. Kanandi ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakusazga cisambizgo ca cisambizgo cawo na cisambizgo ca cisopa ca Abrahamu.<ref name="googlemix">{{cite book |last1=Mbiti |first1=John S |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoaf0000mbit |title=Introduction to African religion |publisher=East African Publishers |year=1992 |isbn=9780435940027 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoaf0000mbit/page/15 15] |quote=often mix. |url-access=registration}}When Africans are converted to other religions, they often mix their traditional religion with the one to which they are converted. In this way they are not losing something valuable, but are gaining something from both religious customs</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riggs |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22many+African+Christians%22 |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations |year=2006 |isbn=9780787666125 |page=1}}Although a large proportion of Africans have converted to Islam an Christianity, these two world religions have been assimilated into African culture, and many African Christians and Muslims maintain traditional spiritual beliefs</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Roger S |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LldeLvqQNsC&pg=PA266 |title=The Oxford handbook of religion and ecology |date=2006-11-09 |isbn=9780195178722}}Even in the adopted religions of Islam and Christianity, which on the surface appear to have converted millions of Africans from their traditional religions, many aspect of traditional religions are still manifest</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US study sheds light on Africa's unique religious mix |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpKESvthJtQeyjk57vyzOnY5l9cg |publisher=AFP}}t doesn't seem to be an either-or for many people. They can describe themselves primarily as Muslim or Christian and continue to practice many of the traditions that are characteristic of African traditional religion," Luis Lugo, executive director of the Pew Forum, told AFP.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Quainoo |first1=Samuel Ebow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IDfqT6589kC&pg=PA40 |title=In Transitions and consolidation of democracy in Africa |date=2000-01-01 |isbn=9781586840402}}Even though the two religions are monotheistic, most African Christians and Muslims convert to them and still retain some aspects of their traditional religions</ref> Visopa vya Abrahamu vili palipose mu Africa. Visopa ivi vikupambana na visopa vinyake vya ku Africa, kweni kanandi vikukolerana na mitheto ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Buku linyake likuti mu 2002, Ŵakhristu ndiwo ŵakaŵa pa ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu 45 pa caru cose, ndipo Ŵasilamu 40 pa 100. Kweniso mu 2002, ŵanthu 45 pa 100 wose mu Africa ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu, ndipo 40.6 pa 100 wose ŵakaŵa Ŵasilamu.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) {{ISBN|9780852299562}} p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101112064308/http://www.greenwoodsvillage.com/gor/islam.htm Ian S. Markham,(A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)] is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the [http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here], as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100125105653/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions], Foreign Policy, May 2007.</ref> === Chikhristu === Pasono Chikhristu ndicho ntchisopa chikuru chomene mu Africa pamoza na Chisilamu. Mu vyaru vinandi vya pa caru capasi muli visopa vinandi vyautesi, nga ni Nazarete Baptist Church mu South Africa na Aladura Church mu Nigeria. Paliso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa chisopa cha Seventh-day Adventist na Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova. Matchalitchi ghakale chomene gha Chikhristu mu Africa ni Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, na Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church na Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (awo ŵakamba kumanyikwa mu vyaka vya m'ma 400 C.E. Themba Ezana Mulara likati lazgora [[Ethiopia]] kuŵa chinyake mwa vyaru vyakwambilira vya Chikhristu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111110140601/http://www.kebranegast.com/ Kebra Negast</ref>) Mu vilimika vyakwambilira vya Chikhristu, mu Africa mukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa na nkharo yiwemi comene, kusazgapo St. Augustine wa ku Hippo, St. Maurice, Origen, Tertullian, na ŵapapa ŵatatu ŵa Katolika (Victor I, Miltiades, na Gelasius I), kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika mu Baibolo nga ni Simoni wa ku Kirene na nthunguli ya ku Etiyopiya iyo yikabapatizika na Filipu Mupharazgi. Chikhristu chikaŵako mu Ethiopia pambere Themba Ezana Mukuru wa Ufumu wa Axum wandawuse, kweni chisopa ichi chikaŵa chakukhora chomene apo chikapharazgika kuŵa chisopa cha boma mu 330 C.E., ndipo chikaŵa chimoza mwa vyaru vyakwambilira vya Chikhristu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilmore |first1=Gayraud S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGeXbDEBpdEC&q=axum+christianity+state+religion+330&pg=PA105 |title=Pragmatic Spirituality |date=July 2004 |isbn=9780814793961 |access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref> Buku lakwamba na lakumanyikwa chomene ilo likuyowoya za umo Chikhristu chikambira ku Africa lili mu buku la Milimo ya Ŵapositole. Nangauli Baibolo likuŵachema kuti Ŵaetiyopiya, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti Etiyopiya ni malo agho ghakaŵa kumwera kwa Eguputo. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti munthu uyu wakaŵa Muyuda, ndipo wakaŵa muteŵeti mu nyumba ya Fumukazi. Tyrannius Rufinus, uyo wakaŵa wakulemba mdauko wa cisopa, nayo wakalemba nkhani yake, nga umo ŵakucitira ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakulemba mdauko wa cisopa nga ni Socrates na Sozemius.<ref>Hansberry, William Leo. ''Pillars in Ethiopian History; the William Leo Hansberry African History Notebook.'' Washington: Howard University Press, 1934.</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti mu nyengo yasono, Cikristu cizamufuma mu vyaru vya ku [[Europe]] kuluta ku Africa na [[Asia]]. Lamin Sanneh, wakulemba mdauko wa pa Yunivesite ya Yale, wakati: "Chikhristu cha ku Africa chikaŵa chinthu chachilendo yayi, kweni chikaŵa chigaŵa chinyake cha charu icho ŵanthu ŵakachimanyanga yayi.<ref>''Historian Ahead of His Time, Christianity Today Magazine, February 2007''</ref> Buku linyake (World Christian Encyclopedia) likuti mu 2025, mu Africa muzamuŵa Ŵakhristu 633 miliyoni. <ref>''World Council of Churches Report, August 2004''</ref> Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2015, wakalongora kuti mu Africa muli Ŵakhristu 2,161,000 awo Mbasilamu.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnstone|first1=Patrick|last2=Miller|first2=Duane|title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census|journal=IJRR|date=2015|volume=11|page=14|url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> === Chisilamu === === Chiyuda === === Chipulikano cha Baha'i === == Chisopa cha Chihindu == == Chibuda na visopa vya ŵanthu == == Visopa vinyake == == Kuleka Kusopa == == Kusinthasintha == == Kupharazga == == Wonani == == Maumboni == == Kuŵerenga == == Maulalo gha kuwaro == pzdwmy2urj3f4varkkihjgxtpztad0e 0 25679 120255 118827 2026-08-27T01:32:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 120255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Livingstone | native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | nickname = | settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = Livingstone.Zambia.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = Livingstone Coat of arms.jpg | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Zambia#Africa<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Zambia <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Zambia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Zambia|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Province, Zambia|Southern Province]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Zambia#Southern Province|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Livingstone District]] | subdivision_type3 = Number of wards | subdivision_name3 = 17 | subdivision_type4 = Number of [[Electoral district|Constituencies]] | subdivision_name4 = 1<!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mapuwo Eugene | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = Elevated to city status: 1997<!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = 695 | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_as_of = 2010 census | population_footnotes = | population_total = 134,349 | population_note = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities | population_blank1 = [[Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga, Baleya (Leya people), Toka people]], and [[Lunda people]] | population_blank2_title = Languages | population_blank2 = English (official language), [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga language]] and [[Lozi language]] | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|17|51|S|25|52|E|region:ZM|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = 986 | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]] | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = [http://livcity.org/ Livingstone City Council] | footnotes = }} '''Livingstone''' ni msumba wa [[Zambia]].<ref name="Mwakikagile 2010">{{Cite book|last=Mwakikagile|first=Godfrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFVS4IixY5oC&q=Livingstone+City+suffered+economic+decline+in+the+1970s&pg=PA187|title=Zambia: Life in an African Country|date=2010|publisher=New Africa Press|isbn=978-9987-16-011-2|language=en}}</ref> M'paka mu 1935, msumba uwu ndiwo ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa Zambia. Malo agha ghali pa mtunda wa makilomita 10 kumpoto kwa Mlonga wa Zambezi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone |url=https://www.zambia.travel/explore/towns-and-cities/livingstone/ |access-date=2021-05-24 |website=Zambia Let's Explore |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Information |url=https://www.livingstone-info.org/town/info |access-date=2020-06-05 |website=www.livingstone-info.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Falls |url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/victoria-falls/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Zambia Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref> ndipo ni tawuni iyo yili ku mphaka na [[Zimbabwe]], iyo yili ku sirya linyake la Victoria Falls. Msumba uwu ukaŵako mu nyengo ya ufumu wa Britain. Mu 2010, ŵanthu 134,349 ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu. Zina la msumba uwu lili kufuma kwa David Livingstone, uyo wakaŵa mishonale wa ku Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Livingstone - Biography, Expeditions, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Livingstone |access-date=2021-05-24 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Mdauko wa Pambere Charu Chindambe == Mukuni, uwo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 9.6 kumwera kwa Livingstone, ndiwo ukaŵa muzi ukuru comene mu cigaŵa ici pambere Livingstone wandazengeke. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni ya Baleya, awo ŵakafuma mu fuko la Rozwi ku Zimbabwe, ŵakathereskeka na Mulara Mukuni uyo wakafuma ku Congo mu ma 1500. Gulu linyake la Ŵaleya ilo likaŵa pasi pa Mulara Sekute likakhalanga kufupi na mlonga kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni iyi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa Ŵabatoka awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Mulara Musokotwane uyo wakakhalanga ku Senkobo, mtunda wa makilomita 30 kumpoto. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakukhala kumwera kwa Tonga kweni ŵali na mitheto yakuyana na ya Ŵaleya.<ref name="LTC">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm Livingstone Tourism website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm|date=2007-10-12}} accessed 10 March 2007.</ref> [[File:Livingstone1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Livingstone1.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Chikumbusko cha David Livingstone]] Subiya wakapeleka msonkho ku ŵa Lozi ŵa ku Barotseland kweni mu 1838 Ŵakololo, fuko la Ŵasotho kufuma ku South Africa, awo ŵakasuzgika na nkhondo za Ŵazulu, ŵakaluta kumpoto na kuthereska ŵa Lozi. Ŵanthu ŵa Kololo ŵakaŵika ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵanthu ŵa Subiya ŵa ku Sesheke pa Tokaleya. Mu 1855 mishonale munyake wa ku Scotland, zina lake David Livingstone, ndiyo wakaŵa munthu wakwamba wa ku [[Europe]] kuwona maji gha Victoria Falls, agho ghakaŵa kufupi na Zambezi..<ref name="Spectrum">Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.</ref> == Colonial history == Mu ma 1890, kampani ya British South Africa Company ya Cecil Rhodes yikakhazikiska boma la Britain kumpoto kwa Zambezi ndipo yikambiska ntchito ya kupenja na kupenja vinthu vyamunyengo na vinthu vinyake nga ni makuni, njovu na vikumba vya nyama mu chigaŵa chakuchemeka North-Western Rhodesia. Pakwamba ŵakendanga mu boti la visulo ilo likendeskekanga na ŵanthu 8 ŵa mtundu wa Lozi. Chigodobu cha Batoka na chigodobu chakunyang'amira na vigodobu vya pakati pa Zambezi (sono vili na maji ghanandi chifukwa cha chigodobu cha Kariba) vikang'anamuranga kuti pakaŵavya malo ghawemi ghakwambukirako pakati pa maji na chigodobu cha Kariba, 483 km (300 mi) kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi. Apo nthowa ya Old Drift yikamba kugwiliskirika ntchito, ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakamba kukhazikika mu malo agha. Chifukwa chakuti malo agha ghakaŵa pafupi na malo agho nyerere zikuberekako, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwanga na maleriya, ndipo pamanyuma pa 1900, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakasamukira ku malo ghapacanya agho ghakachemekanga Constitution Hill panji Sandbelt Post Office.<ref name="NRJ">{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.nrzam.org.uk/NRJ/V4N1/V4N1.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.nrzam.org.uk}}</ref> Pakati pa ma 1890, Railways ya ku Rhodesia yikafika ku Bulawayo ku Southern Rhodesia ndipo yikapangiska kuti ku malo agha kuŵe vyamaseŵera, ivyo vikapangika na migodi ya malasha ku Hwange (iyo yikachemekanga Wankie) makilomita 110 kumwera kwa Mosi-oa-Tunya. Njanji iyi ŵakayizingilizga ku Hwange cifukwa ca malasha, kweni Rhodes wakakhumbanga kuti walutilire kwenda kumpoto kuti wakhozge ufumu wa Britain. Mu 1904, njanji yikafika ku Falls kumwera ndipo ŵakamba kuzenga Victoria Falls Bridge. Cifukwa cakuti ŵakalindiliranga yayi kuti ŵamalizge kuzenga, Rhodes wakazenga msewu kufuma ku Livingstone m'paka ku Kalomo, ndipo ŵakamba kugwiliskira nchito njinga yimoza iyo ŵakayegha pakudumura mlatho.<ref>[http://www.nrzam.org.uk/Railway/Rail.html ''Horizon'' magazine: "Zambia's Second Industry", February 1965, pp4-11.]</ref> Msumba uwu ukazengeka mu 1905. Mu 1907, kampani ya British South Africa Company yikasamuskira msumba ukuru wa charu ichi ku malo agha. Mu 1911, kampani iyi yikasazga chigaŵa ichi na Northern Rhodesia. Msumba wa Livingstone ukaŵa wakutowa cifukwa cakuti ukendanga pakati pa kumpoto na kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Zambezi. Kweniso ukaŵa wakutowa cifukwa ca ulimi uwo ukacitikanga mu cigaŵa ca kumwera kwa Mlonga uwu. Ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi izo zilipo m'paka sono. Nangauli likuru la caru ici likasamukira ku Lusaka mu 1935 kuti likhalenge kufupi na msumba wa Copperbelt, kweni makuni, vikumba, hona, katoni (mwakusazgapo vyakuvwara) na vyakurya vinyake vikakura. Ŵakazenga malo ghakuzenga magesi agho ghakatoranga maji kufuma ku chiziŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi. Mu tawuni ya Victoria Falls ku Southern Rhodesia ndimo ŵanthu ŵakendanga, kweni vinthu vinandi ŵakaguranga kwa Livingstone. Mu matawuni ghose gha ku Northern Rhodesia, tawuni ya Livingstone ndiyo yikaŵa yakumanyikwa comene ku Britain. Pakuti yikazingilizgika na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa, yikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵakupambanako comene, ndipo nangauli yikaŵa dango la apartheid yayi, kweni yikaŵa na vyakucitika vyakuyana waka. Malo gha kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi gha tawuni iyi na pakati pake ghakaŵa gha maboma gha ŵazungu na mabizinezi gha ŵazungu, ndipo malo agha ghakaŵa ghakukhalako. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia na ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakaŵa na mabizinezi pakati pa msumba uwu, kumafumiro gha dazi. Apo boma la Britain likamba kudumbiskana vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kopa kuti boma la Britain lingaŵaleka. Ntheura, ŵanandi ŵakamba kusamira kumwera ku Southern Rhodesia panji South Africa. Apo Northern Rhodesia yikapokera wanangwa kuŵa Zambia, ŵazungu ŵanandi ŵakalutilira kuluta. Paumaliro wa muwuso wa Britain mu 1964, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakapika caru ico mukaŵa waka ŵanthu 100 ŵa mitundu yakufipa awo ŵakamalizga masambiro gha ku koleji, ndipo pafupifupi wose ŵakaŵa ŵasambizgi ŵa sayansi ya vya umoyo wa ŵanthu ŵa pa Yunivesite ya Fort Hare mu South Africa. Mu 1968, boma la chipani cimoza likakhazikiskika ilo likapoka katundu wa ŵanthu ŵambura kuwira, comenecomene wa ŵazungu. Ntheura, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Northern Rhodesia awo ŵakakhalako ŵakafumako ku Zambia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Libby|first1=Ronald T.|last2=Woakes|first2=Michael E.|date=1980|title=Nationalization and the Displacement of Development Policy in Zambia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/523462|journal=African Studies Review|volume=23|issue=1|pages=33–50|doi=10.2307/523462|jstor=523462|s2cid=143579889|issn=0002-0206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burdette|first=Marcia M.|date=1977|title=Nationalization in Zambia: A Critique of Bargaining Theory|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/483722|journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies|volume=11|issue=3|pages=471–496|doi=10.2307/483722|jstor=483722|issn=0008-3968}}</ref> == Post-independence == Nyumba zinyake za ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa zikabwangandulika na kuzgoka nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, nangauli msumba wa Livingstone ndiwo ukaŵa malo gha tawuni ya ku Rhodesia ya m'ma 1950 mu filimu ya mu 1981 yakuchemeka The Grass Is Singing (iyo yikukolerana na buku la Doris Lessing). Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, ndalama zinandi izo boma la Britain likapeleka ku Zambia apo likapokera wanangwa, zikagwiliskirika nchito ku Livingstone. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970, vinthu vikamba kunangika mu tawuni ya Livingstone cifukwa cakuti mafakitale ghakaŵa mu vyaru vinyake, ndipo pamasinda boma la Zambia na la Rhodesia likamazga mphaka.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Martin, D|author2=Johnson, P.|name-list-style=amp|year=1981|title=The Struggle for Zimbabwe|url=https://archive.org/details/struggleforzimba0000mart|publisher=Faber & Faber|pages=400}}</ref> Mu vyaka 10 ivyo vyajumpha{{When|date=August 2022}}, Mu tawuni ya Livingstone muli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuluta kukawona malo agha. Mu tawuni ya Livingstone muli ndalama zinandi izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mu makampani agha, kufuma ku mahotelo gha mazuŵa ghano nga ni Sun International, na malo ghanyake ghakugulira. Padera pa vyalo vyakukwelera ŵanthu, vinthu vinyake ivyo Livingstone wakulindizga ni vyakuti walondezge nthowa ya Walvis Bay Corridor, iyo yikovwira kuti chipata cha Katima Mulilo chijinthe na kumalizga Trans-Caprivi Highway, iyo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 200 kumanjiliro gha dazi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-24 |title=A Lesson in Zambian History: Livingstone |url=https://www.globalblackhistory.com/lesson-in-zambian-history-livingstone/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Global Black History |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Esser |first=Leonore |title=The bridge over the Zambezi at Katima Mulilo is a symbol of freedom and cornerstone of economic development |url=https://www.kfw.de/stories/kfw/stories/economy/infrastructure/sambesi-bruecke/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=KfW Stories |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-24 |title=A Lesson in Zambian History: Livingstone |url=https://www.globalblackhistory.com/lesson-in-zambian-history-livingstone/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Global Black History |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nyengo == Mu tawuni ya Livingstone muli nyengo yakuzizima chomene (Köppen: BSh), nyengo yakuzizima na yakuzura na vula, nyengo yakuzizima chomene na nyengo yakuzizima.{{Weather box|location=Livingstone, Zambia (extremes 1918–present)|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=39.8|Feb record high C=38.0|Mar record high C=43.6|Apr record high C=37.0|May record high C=36.0|Jun record high C=32.4|Jul record high C=32.5|Aug record high C=36.0|Sep record high C=38.8|Oct record high C=40.9|Nov record high C=41.1|Dec record high C=39.5|year record high C=43.6|Jan high C=30.0|Feb high C=29.7|Mar high C=30.3|Apr high C=29.9|May high C=28.0|Jun high C=25.6|Jul high C=25.5|Aug high C=28.4|Sep high C=32.5|Oct high C=34.0|Nov high C=32.6|Dec high C=30.4|year high C=29.7|Jan mean C=23.6|Feb mean C=23.2|Mar mean C=23.1|Apr mean C=21.9|May mean C=18.9|Jun mean C=16.0|Jul mean C=16.1|Aug mean C=19.3|Sep mean C=23.9|Oct mean C=26.2|Nov mean C=25.1|Dec mean C=23.6|year mean C=21.7|Jan low C=18.9|Feb low C=18.6|Mar low C=17.6|Apr low C=14.8|May low C=10.1|Jun low C=6.7|Jul low C=6.3|Aug low C=9.2|Sep low C=14.2|Oct low C=18.2|Nov low C=19.1|Dec low C=18.9|year low C=14.4|Jan record low C=10.5|Feb record low C=11.9|Mar record low C=10.9|Apr record low C=4.3|May record low C=1.0|Jun record low C=-3.7|Jul record low C=-3.0|Aug record low C=-1.7|Sep record low C=1.0|Oct record low C=8.1|Nov record low C=12.2|Dec record low C=10.8|year record low C=-3.7|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=173.7|Feb precipitation mm=141.1|Mar precipitation mm=79.5|Apr precipitation mm=24.0|May precipitation mm=6.0|Jun precipitation mm=0.6|Jul precipitation mm=0.2|Aug precipitation mm=0.5|Sep precipitation mm=1.8|Oct precipitation mm=24.8|Nov precipitation mm=70.4|Dec precipitation mm=169.1|year precipitation mm=691.7|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=16|Feb precipitation days=14|Mar precipitation days=9|Apr precipitation days=3|May precipitation days=0|Jun precipitation days=0|Jul precipitation days=0|Aug precipitation days=0|Sep precipitation days=0|Oct precipitation days=4|Nov precipitation days=11|Dec precipitation days=16|year precipitation days=73|Jan humidity=74.8|Feb humidity=77.3|Mar humidity=72.2|Apr humidity=65.1|May humidity=57.7|Jun humidity=55.0|Jul humidity=51.8|Aug humidity=43.3|Sep humidity=35.1|Oct humidity=41.7|Nov humidity=55.2|Dec humidity=71.0|year humidity=58.4|Jan sun=213.9|Feb sun=196.0|Mar sun=251.1|Apr sun=273.0|May sun=303.8|Jun sun=288.0|Jul sun=310.0|Aug sun=319.3|Sep sun=297.0|Oct sun=279.0|Nov sun=228.0|Dec sun=207.7|year sun=3166.8|source 1=NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZA/67743.TXT | title = Livingstone MET Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = April 5, 2015}}</ref>|source 2=Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat> {{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1570 | title = Station Livingstone | publisher = Meteo Climat |language = fr | access-date = 10 June 2016}}</ref>|date=August 2010}} == Kayendelo == {{See also|Transport in Zambia}} === Ndege === [[File:HarryMwaagaNkumbulaAirport.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HarryMwaagaNkumbulaAirport.jpg|thumb|Main terminal of the Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport]] Msumba uwu uli na chiŵanja cha ndege cha Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport, icho chikupokelera ndege zakufuma ku Lusaka ndipo chikukolerana na misumba yakupambanapambana, kusazgapo Johannesburg, Cape Town, Mbombela & Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/travel-info/airports/harry-mwaanga-nkumbula-international-airport/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.flightsfrom.com/LVI}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=March 2023}} === Njanji === Msumba uwu uli na migelo ya Cape to Cairo Railway, iyo yikukolerana na Lusaka kumpoto-kumafumiro gha dazi na Bulawayo kumwera-kumafumiro gha dazi. Sitima ya ku Lusaka yikucemekaso kuti Zambia Railway. Sitima ya Mulobezi yikukumaniska Livingstone na makampani gha makuni gha Mulobezi kumanjiliro gha dazi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways in Zambia |url=https://www.sinfin.net/railways/world/zambia.html |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=www.sinfin.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tracks4Africa |url=https://tracks4africa.co.za/listings/item/w147511/harry-mwanga-nkumbula-international-airport-lvi/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Tracks4Africa |language=en}}</ref> === Msewu === Msewu wa Lusaka-Livingstone (msewu wa T1) ukukumana na Kalomo, Choma na likuru la charu (Lusaka) kumpoto-kumafumiro gha dazi. Mseu womwewo umalumikizana kumwera, kudutsa ku Zimbabwe kudzera pa Victoria Falls Bridge (zoletsa kulemera zimagwira ntchito) (kukhala mseu wa A8 kumbali ya Zimbabwe ndikudutsa Victoria Falls Town musanapite ku Bulawayo). Msewu wa M10 ukulazga kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Kazungula (uko Kazungula Bridge, kale Kazungula Ferry, yikukolerana na mphaka ya ku Botswana) na Sesheke (uko yikwambuka Zambezi nga ni Katima Mulilo Bridge na kufika ku Katima Mulilo Border na Namibia). Msewu uwu ukufuma ku Livingstone m'paka ku Katima Mulilo Bridge uli mu msewu wa Walvis Bay-Ndola-Lubumbashi Development Road. M10 yikulutilira kukolerana na Senanga na Mongu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Roads and Road Traffic Act {{!}} National Assembly of Zambia |url=https://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/1492 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=www.parliament.gov.zm}}</ref> == Malo ghakusoperapo == Pa malo agha pali visopa vinandi vya Cikhristu: Roman Catholic Diocese of Livingstone (Chisopa ca Katolika), United Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Mount Zion Christian Centre - Livingstone (Pentecostal Church), Reformed Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Union of Zambia (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God. Paliso nyumba za cisopa ca Cisilamu na za Cihindu. Kale, mu tawuni ya Livingstone mukaŵa Ŵayuda ŵanandi. == Mwambo == [[File:Livingstone_Museum,_Livingstone_(Maramba)_Krzysztof_Błażyca_2011.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Livingstone_Museum,_Livingstone_(Maramba)_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|[[:en:Livingstone_Museum|Livingstone Museum]]]] Mu tawuni ya Livingstone muli malo ghakupambanapambana ghakusungiramo vinthu vyakusungiramo vinthu vyakale nga ni Livingstone Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya ŵasayansi, ŵanthu na mbiri yakale, kweniso yili na vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na David Livingstone), Maramba Cultural Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya kuvina, kwimba, na vyakuvwara), Railway Museum of the Mulobezi Railway, na Victoria Falls Field Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya geology na archeology mu tawuni ya Victoria Falls).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Museum - National Museums Board - Zambia |url=https://www.museumszambia.org/our-museums/national-museums/livingstone-museum |access-date=2020-06-05 |website=www.museumszambia.org |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="Mwakikagile 2010" /> [[File:Livingstone_Water_Tank_3_(cropped).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Livingstone_Water_Tank_3_(cropped).jpg|thumb|225x225px|Livingstone Water Tank]] [[File:Kobus_ellipsyprimus,_male_portrait_(Livingstone,_Zambia).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kobus_ellipsyprimus,_male_portrait_(Livingstone,_Zambia).jpg|thumb|Ellipsen Waterbuck at Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, Livingstone, Zambia.]] == Matawuni ghaŵiri == {{See also|List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Zambia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Zambia}} Livingstone wali na ŵadumbu: * {{flagicon|POR}} [[:en:Funchal|Funchal]], Portugal<ref>{{cite web |title=Acordos de Geminação |url=http://www.cm-funchal.pt/en/rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es-internacionais/179-acordos-de-gemina%C3%A7%C3%A3o.html |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=cm-funchal.pt |publisher=Funchal |language=pt}}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[:en:Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico|Santa Fe]], United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=https://www.santafenm.gov/sister_cities |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=santafenm.gov |publisher=City of Santa Fe}}</ref> == Wonaniso == * [[:en:Victoria_Falls,_Zimbabwe|Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe]] (the adjacent Zimbabwean city) * Annual-State-of-Cross-Border-Operations-Report-2019-20.pdf (cbrta.co.za)[https://www.cbrta.co.za/uploads/files/Annual-State-of-Cross-Border-Operations-Report-2019-20.pdf] == Ukaboni == <references responsive="1"></references> == Mabuku == # Apthorpe R (1960)-Rhodes Livvingstone Institute Journal-Problems of African History, the Nsenga of Northern Rhodesia (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 58.Colson E. and Gluckman M (1961)-Seven Tribes of British Central Africa – The plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia ([[:en:Manchester_University_Press|Manchester University Press]], Manchester) pages 95,103 and 129.Douglas S.D. (1961) – The Stories of the Ancient Lore of the Bene Mukuni page 19.Manchishi P.C. and Musona E.T. – The People of Zambia – The Short History of the Soli (Multimedia, Lusaka) page 2 Poole L. (1938) – The Native Tribes of the East Luangwa Province of Northern Rhodesia (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 45 # Muntemba, M (1970), Zambia Museums Journal, Volume 1- The Political and Ritual Sovereignty Among the Mukuni Leya of Zambia page 29. Mwale B.B. – About the Acewa, History and customs of the Cewa people chapter V.Poole L. (1938), The Native Tribes of the East Luangwa Province of Northern Rhodesia (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 45.Undi Gawa Kalonga Chivunga, Paramount Chief (1970) Interview. # Brelsford , W. V. (1965) – The Tribes of Zambia – The Gwembe Valley People (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 73.Brelsford , W. V. (1965) – The Tribes of Zambia – The Lenje Soli People (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 75.Colson E. (1960)-Kariba Studies (Manchester University Press, Manchester) page 168.Colson E. and Gluckman M (1961)-Seven Tribes of British Central Africa – The plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia (Manchester University Press, Manchester) page 132.Fagan, B.M and Philipson D.W (1965), the Iron Age Sequence at Lochnivar and the Tonga, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Volume 95 part 2.Field, S. A. (1961) Visilano, History Project U.M.C.A Msoro. Chapters 41, 42, 43, 45, 46 and 47.Government of Zambia – Statutory Instrument number 146 of 1998 (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 521.Government of Zambia – Statutory Instrument numbers 22 and 23 of 1999 (Government Printer, Lusaka) page 43 and 45.Kaulu, M. G. (1995) District notes (ODG/SIN/102/15/2) – A Brief History of Mwemba Chieftainship pages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Langworthy, H.W. (1972), Zambia Before 1890: Aspects of Pre-Colonial History (Dai Nippon Printing Company (HG) Limited Hong Kong) page 23.Liteta Chinkuli Wilson – Senior Chief Mukuni N’gombe (1990) interview.Malala Muzamba II- Be-Dyango XV (1958) interview.Mukuni Siloka II (1957), A Short History Of the Baleya People (Government Printer, Lusaka) pages 4, 5, 6 and 7.Muntemba, M (1970) Zambia Museums Journal Volume 1. The Political and Ritual Sovereighnty Among the Mukuni Leya of Zambia. page 29.Mwale B.B. – About the Acewa, History and customs of the Cewa people chapter V.Siampande Siamayuwa Senior Chief Mwemba (1990) interview.Sekute Kalonga Chief (1957) Interview # Brelsford , W. V. (1965) – The Tribes of Zambia – The Gwembe Valley People (Government Printer, Lusaka) pages 70 and 72.Colson E. and Gluckman M (1961)-Seven Tribes of British Central Africa – The Lozi of Barotseland (Manchester University Press, Manchester) page 19.Colson E. and Gluckman M (1961)-Seven Tribes of British Central Africa – The Plateau Tonga (Manchester University Press, Manchester) page 96 Gyenkye (1996) The African Chief, page 109.Langworthy, H.W. (1972), Zambia Before 1890: Aspects of Pre-Colonial History (Dai Nippon Printing Company (HG) Limited Hong Kong) pages 25 and 119.Malala Muzamba II- Be-Dyango XV (1958) interview.Memo 376/27/5/B (1933)Minutes – Kalomo Native Authority meeting (1936)Malahasi Lwangulamombo, Sikukwila (1958) interview.Mubila Philemon, Mwendambeli (1987) interview.Munongo Bantu Mwenda Msiri Mwami (2006) interview.Muntemba, M (1970) Zambia Museums Journal Volume 1. The Political and Ritual Sovereighnty Among the Mukuni Leya of Zambia. pages 30, 31 and 32.Sialutaba Josephat, Mutoozi We Namunaki (1987) interview.Vogel Joseph, O. (1975) Simbusenga (Oxford University Press, Oxford) page 47.Yanina Munchindu, Inabuze (1987) Interview. # Muntemba, M (1970) Zambia Museums Journal Volume I – The Political and Ritual Sovereignty Among the Mukuni Leya of Zambia – pages 30 and 34 # Malala Muzamba II Be-Dyango XV (1958) Interview.Mubila Mwendambeli (1986) assisting in the Siloka III Mukuni XIX Investiture rites.Mukasimalweza Muzamba III Be-Dyango XVIII (1986)conducting coronation rites.Mukanyemba Mukalaso Siamachoka Mwanengwelele (1986) assisting in the Siloka III Mukuni XIX Investiture rites.Siloka III Mukuni XIX (1986) coronation rites, personal experience. # Muntemba, M (1970) Zambia Museums Journal Volume I – The Political and Ritual Sovereignty Among the Mukuni Leya of Zambia – pages 30 and 34 # Malala Muzamba II Be-Dyango XV (1958) Interview.Mubila Mwendambeli (1986) assisting in the Siloka III Mukuni XIX Investiture rites.Mukasimalweza Muzamba III Be-Dyango XVIII (1986)conducting coronation rites.Mukanyemba Mukalaso Siamachoka Mwanengwelele (1986) assisting in the Siloka III Mukuni XIX Investiture rites.Siloka III Mukuni XIX (1986) coronation rites, personal experience. == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == {{Wikivoyage|Livingstone}} {{commons category-inline|Livingstone (Zambia)|'''Livingstone'''}} * [http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/victoria.htm Zambia National Tourist Bureau page] * https://www.zambiatourism.com/towns/livingstone/ {{Authority control}}{{coord|17|51|S|25|52|E|region:ZM_type:city|display=title}} 6u4anxlpoodfds73o01skeej5zbkaqw 0 25985 120275 119925 2026-08-27T06:32:28Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 120275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1935 strike by African mineworkers in Northern Rhodesia}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox event | title = 1935 Copperbelt strike | image = | caption = | date = 29 May 1935 | place = [[Mufulira]], [[Nkana]] and [[Roan Antelope Copper Mine|Roan Antelope]] | coordinates = {{coord|12.55|N| 28.233333|E|type:event_region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | cause = Tax increase | casualties1 = Six dead, 20 injured | time = }} Pa Meyi 29, 1935, ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Africa]] awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu migodi ku Copperbelt Province, Northern Rhodesia (sono ni [[Zambia]]), ŵakaleka nchito cifukwa ca msonkho uwo boma la Britain likapeleka. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli migodi yinayi yikuru ya mkuwa: Mufulira, Nkana na Roan Antelope. Pafupi na malo agha, ŵapolisi ŵakakoma ŵanthu 6 ndipo ungano ukamara. Nangauli ŵakatondeka, kweni uwu ukaŵa ungano wakwamba wa vyamalonda ku Northern Rhodesia, ndipo ŵanji ŵakuti uwu ukaŵa ungano wakwamba wakususkana na ufumu wa atsamunda.<ref>{{cite book|title=Zambia, Mining, and Neoliberalism: Boom and Bust on the Globalized Copperbelt|editor1-last=A.|editor1-first=Fraser|editor2-last=M.|editor2-first=Larmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aPGAAAAQBAJ&q=1935|page=61|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-0-230-11559-0|chapter=The Economics of Copper Price Boom in Zambia|last1=Adam|first1=Christopher S.|last2=Simpasa|first2=Anthony M.}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu tawuni iyi ŵakaghanaghanirapo chomene nkhani iyi, ndipo yikapangiska kuti paŵe mawupu gha ŵantchito na ndyali za ku Africa. Ku Africa nako kukacitika vinthu vinyake ivyo vikasintha comene ndyali za boma la Britain. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵapa mwaŵi ŵamishonale kuti ŵachitire lumoza na mawupu gha migodi kuti ŵasambizge ŵanthu Baibolo na kuŵawovwira. Pakughanaghanira kuti mtengo wa mkuŵa uzamukhira, boma likapangaso ndondomeko ya kovwira ŵabali ŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu misumba. == Mbili == === Ukoloni ku Northern Rhodesia === [[File:LocationZambia.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LocationZambia.svg|alt=Regional map of Northern Rhodesia, with an inset world map in the lower left corner|thumb|300x300px|Malo gha Northern Rhodesia mu Africa]] Chigaŵa cha Copperbelt chikaŵa ku Northern Rhodesia uko kukaŵa mkuŵa unandi. Cecil John Rhodes, munthu wa ku Britain uyo wakazenga ufumu, ndiyo wakawovwira kuti Britain yambe kusakatuka kumpoto kwa mlonga wa Limpopo na kunjira mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Africa.<ref name="Gal">{{cite book|first=J S|last=Galbraith|author-link=John Semple Galbraith|year=1974|title=Crown and Charter: The early Years of the British South Africa Company|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NRHPHin5Ro4C|publisher=University of California Press|pages=87, 202–3|isbn=978-0-520-02693-3}}</ref>Mu 1895, Rhodes wakapempha Frederick Russell Burnham, uyo wakaŵa wakuwona vya charu cha America, kuti wapenje tumaji na nthowa zakwendeskera milonga.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book|last=Burnham|first=Frederick Russell|author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham|editor-first=Walter H.|editor-last=Wills|title=[[s:Northern Rhodesia|Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia]]|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co.|year=1899|pages=177–180|chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> Rhodes wakawovwira kuti Britain yiŵe na mazaza mu cigaŵa ici cifukwa ca kupoka mazaza gha migodi ku ŵalongozgi ŵa ku malo agha. Pa June 11, 1891, ku Lisbon, United Kingdom na [[Portugal]] ŵakasazgirako mphaka pakati pa vyaru ivyo vikalongozgekanga na British South Africa Company (BSAC). Chikaŵaso mphaka pakati pa chigaŵa cha kumpoto cha Rhodesia (sono ni Zambia) icho chikaŵa pasi pa boma la BSAC na [[Angola]], nangauli mphaka na Angola yikaŵako yayi. Mphaka ya kumpoto ya chigaŵa cha Britain ku North-Eastern Rhodesia na British Central Africa Protectorate yikakolerana mu phangano la Anglo-German la mu 1890, ilo likakhazikiskaso mphaka (yifupi chomene) pakati pa North-Western Rhodesia na German South-West Africa, sono ni Namibia. Mphaka pakati pa Congo Free State na Britain yikakhazikiskika na phangano la mu 1894, nangauli pakaŵa vinyake ivyo vikasintha m'ma 1930. Mphaka pakati pa British Central Africa Protectorate na North-Eastern Rhodesia yikakhazikiskika mu 1891 pa malo ghakupambana pakati pa [[Nyanja ya Malaŵi]] na Luangwa River, ndipo mphaka pakati pa North-Western Rhodesia na Southern Rhodesia yikazgoka Zambezi River mu 1898. Northern Rhodesia yikaŵa pasi pa BSAC mpaka mu 1924, apo yikazgoka cigaŵa ca Ufumu wa Britain.<ref name="Fer">{{cite book|title=Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt|publisher=University of California Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-520-21702-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ek1gvMKC66gC&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA51|page=51|first1=James|last1=Ferguson}}</ref> === Kugwira Ntchito M'migodi === Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, ŵanthu ŵakasanga maji ghanandi gha mkuwa (copper sulfide) ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti mabungwe ghakurughakuru gha migodi ghasange ndalama ku Northern Rhodesia. Bungwe la Anglo American Corporation ndilo likaŵa na mazaza pa charu cha South Africa. Mu chaka chenechicho, Anglo American yikasanga mgodi wa Nkana ku Kitwe na kupanga kampani ya Rhodesian Anglo American. Pakuti kampani ya BSAC yikagura masheya gha kampani ya Rhodesian Anglo American, kampani iyi yikaŵa na masheya ghanandi. Kuzakafika mu 1930, kampani ya Chester Beatty yakuchemeka Rhodesian Selection Trust na Ernest Oppenheimer yakuchemeka Anglo-American Corporation, yikaŵa na mazaza pa migodi yinandi ya mu chigaŵa ichi. Mu 1931, migodi ya Roan Antelope na Nkana yikamba kupanga visomba.<ref>{{cite book|first=A D|last=Roberts|year=1982|title=Notes towards a Financial History of Copper Mining in Northern Rhodesia|pages=348–9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=S|last=Cunningham|year=1981|title=The Copper Industry in Zambia: Foreign Mining Companies in a Developing Country|url=https://archive.org/details/copperindustryin0000cunn|pages=[https://archive.org/details/copperindustryin0000cunn/page/53 53]–5}}</ref> == Kuwukila kwamu 1935 == === {{anchor|Development of the strike}}Chitukuko ===<!--Commented out per [[WP:NFCCE]]; needs a separate [[WP:FUR]] for its use in ''this'' article. [[File:Hubert_Winthrop_Young.jpg|200px|thumb|Governor [[Hubert Winthrop Young]] who was the Governor of Northern Rhodesia in 1934–38|alt=portrait of Governor Hubert wearing a suit]]--> Chifukwa cha kuguliska migodi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ŵakasamukira ku chigaŵa ichi. Makampani gha migodi ghakawovwira kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mumphepete mwa njanji za ku Northern Rhodesia ŵakhalenge makora, ndipo ŵanthu ŵazungu ŵakizanga kufuma ku South Africa. Ŵazungu ŵakaŵacitiranga nkhaza comene ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndipo ŵakaŵakanizganga kugwira nchito mu migodi. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakizanga mu cigaŵa ici, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha kwambura kunozgekera. Boma la BSAC likapeleka msonkho ku ŵanthu wose awo ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vinyake mu 1901 ku North-Eastern Rhodesia na pakati pa 1904 na 1913 ku North-Western Rhodesia. Msonkho uwu ukaŵa ukuru comene (mu vigaŵa vinyake ukaŵa malipiro gha myezi yinkhondi na umoza), ndipo ukaŵa wakovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na ngongoli zinandi na kusanga ndalama zakwendeskera migodi yinyake. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Britain ŵakathereska ŵanthu awo ŵakakwiya cifukwa ca kukwezgeka kwa misonkho. Kugwiliskira nchito msonkho uwu kukawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵagwirenge nchito na kukhozga ŵantchito awo ŵakagwiranga migodi mu vyaka vya m'ma 1920 apo ŵakagwiranga nchito iyi. Kampani iyi yikatondekanga kusanga malipiro ghachoko chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusamukira ku vyaru vinyake.<ref>{{cite book|title=African Underclass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_m7uJ9nd4wC&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA28|page=31|first=Andrew|last=Burton|publisher=Andrew Burton|year=2005|isbn=978-0-85255-975-8}}</ref>Ŵaganyu ŵa ku Africa ŵakaŵa na masuzgo ghakuru ghatatu: malipiro ghacoko comene pakuyaniska na gha ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Europe]], ŵakakanizgika kugwira nchito mu migodi iyo yikaŵa ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe nangauli ŵakaŵa na maluso ghapacanya, kweniso ŵakaŵacitiranga nkhaza. Nyengo ya suzgo yikuru ya vyachuma (1929-35) yikapangiska kuti mitengo ya mkuŵa mu Europe yichepe chomene. Mu Febuluwale 1931, migodi ya ku Mkubwa yikajalika, ndipo mu myezi yakulondezgapo, migodi ya Chamishi, Nchanga, na Mulfira yikajalika. Pa nyengo iyi, nchito ya kuzenga ku migodi ya Roan Antelope na Nkana yikaŵa pafupi kumara, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti paŵe ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambura nchito. Mu 1930, migodi iyi yikagwiranga nchito ŵanthu 31,941. Ŵantchito ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakaŵa ŵambura nchito ŵakakhalako m'malo mwa kuwelera ku vikaya vyawo. Mu nyengo ya pakati pa 1931 na 1932, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakakhalanga mu cigaŵa ici ŵakakhira na 25 peresenti. Mu 1935, boma la Northern Rhodesia likawuskako misonkho ya mu matawuni ghaŵiri na kuchepeskako ku vigaŵa vya ku mizi kuti lileke kusuzgika maghanoghano chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama. Khoti likadumura kuti msonkho uwu ukhazikiskike mu Meyi (kwambira pa Janyuwale 1) pamanyuma pakuti boma lasayinira dango lakusintha msonkho wa ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Canada]]..<ref name="M1">[[1935 Copperbelt strike#Mukwena|Mukwena 2016]], pp. 128–9</ref> === {{anchor|The strike}}Kuwukila === {{Location map+|Zambia|width=250|float=right|alt=Map of Northern Rhodesia, illustrating three mines close to each other|caption=Mapu agho ghakulongora malo gha Mufulira, Nkana na Luanshiya Roan Antelope mu Copperbelt ya Northern Rhodesia, kufupi na mphaka ya Belgian Congo|overlay_image=|places={{Location map~|Zambia | label=Mufulira | lat=-12.55 | long=28.23 | label_size=75 | marksize=6 | position=left}} {{Location map~|Zambia | label=Nkana | lat=-12.83 | long=28.2 | label_size=75 | marksize=6 | position=right}} {{Location map~|Zambia | label=Roan Antelope| lat=-13.13| long=28.23 | label_size=75 | marksize=6 | position=bottom}}}} Mu chigaŵa ichi muli migodi yinayi yikuru ya mkuwa: Mufulira, Nkana na Roan Antelope. Mulenji wa Meyi 21, 1935, ŵapolisi ku Mulfulira ŵakapharazga kuti misonkho yikukwera kufuma pa mashilingi 12 kufika pa 15 pa caka. Ŵaganyu awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu migodi ya mulenji ŵakakana kunjira pasi. Gulu ili likalongozgekanga na ŵanthu ŵatatu ŵakufuma ku Northern Province: William Sankata, Ngostino Mwamba na James Mutali ku Mufulira mine. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu migodi ŵakakana kwiza ku nchito, ŵakacemerezganga mazgu ghakwimikana na boma na kuŵaponya malibwe pamoza na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakana kuŵawovwira. Pa migodi yinyake yiŵiri, kujoŵelera kukaŵa kwacilendo yayi pakuyaniska na ku Mufulira (uko kukwezgeka kwa misonkho kukapokelereka mwambura kugomezga) ndipo ŵapolisi ŵakakaka ŵalongozgi ŵa migodi iyi kuti ŵacenjezge. Uthenga wa kujoŵelera kwa Mufulira ukathandazgikira ku migodi yinyake yiŵiri apo ŵantchito ŵa ku Mufulira ŵakizanga. Ŵalovyi ŵa Beni, awo ŵakamba kuvina mu nyengo ya makoloni na awo ŵakayezganga gulu la ŵasilikari na maboma gha makoloni na sumu na vyakusanguluska, ndiwo ŵakagwiranga nchito yikuru pa nkhani ya kudumbiskana. Ŵantchito ŵa ku Africa ŵakamba kunjilira ku Nkana pa 27 May, kweni ŵakatondeka ndipo ŵakamara zuŵa lakulondezgapo cifukwa ca ulongozgi uheni. Ku Roan Antelope, uko ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko ŵakagwirako nchito, kukacitika vivulupi. Pa Meyi 29, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakawungana kuzingilizga malo agha, ndipo pakaŵa ŵapolisi, ŵalara ŵa boma, ŵantchito, na ŵalara. Ŵapolisi ŵakawopa comene ndipo ŵakamba kuwombera, ndipo ŵanthu 6 ŵakafwa ndipo 17 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵakati ŵawona kuti ŵasilikari ŵanjira mu msumba uwu, ŵakazizwa comene ndipo ŵakaleka kugwira nchito. Kuyana na lipoti la wupu wa UNESCO, pa Meyi 22 kukacitika viyezgelero ku migodi ya Mulfra, ndipo pa Meyi 26 vikafika ku Nkana na Luansha. Ŵanthu 28 ŵakafwa panji kupwetekeka.<ref>{{cite book|title=Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880–1935, Volume 7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so4NWuZ7av0C&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA292|page=292|first11=A. Adu|last1=Boahen|last2=International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa|location=Unesco|publisher=University of California Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-520-06702-8}}</ref> == Paumalilo == === Kufufuza === Nyengo yeneyiyo, boma la Britain likimika komiti yakulongozgeka na Russell kuti yifufuze ico cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kugwira nchito. Komiti iyi yikati ku Northern Rhodesia kukaŵa suzgo likuru comene cifukwa cakuti msonkho ukaŵikika mwamabuci. Lipoti ili likayowoyapo yayi vya Beni, kweni likati ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaseŵeranga waka vyakusanguluska. Buku ili likalongosora maufumu ghaŵiri. Likati: "Tingasankhapo limoza pakati pa kukhazikiska maboma gha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha na kuwezga ŵanthu ku vikaya vyawo; panji kuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kukolerana na mafuko ghawo na kwambiska ntchito ya migodi mu misumba ya ku Europe". Pamanyuma pa kafukufuku uyu, Hubert Winthrop Young, kazembe wa ku Northern Rhodesia kufuma mu 1935 m'paka mu 1938, wakambiska wupu wakupeleka ulongozgi ku ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko gha mu Africa ku Copperbelt, nga umo vikaŵira ku Roan Antelope mine. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakulemba mdauko ŵakawona kuti dango ili likaŵa lacilendo yayi.<ref name="coo">{{cite book|title=Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa|first=Frederick|last=Cooper|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zA7Mo9tcVdIC&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA57|page=57|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-521-56600-1}}</ref> === Kupangikaso === [[File:Northern_Rhodesian_Miners.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_Rhodesian_Miners.jpg|alt=Two miners digging in close quarters|left|thumb|250x250px|Ŵanthu ŵakugwilira nchito mu migodi ku Rhodesia mu ma 1950]] Pamanyuma pa 1935, migodi yikajulika ndipo chigaŵa ichi chikakura chomene. Kuyana na David M. Gordon, suzgo ili likapa ŵamishonale mwaŵi wa kucitira vinthu mwakukolerana na gulu la Watchtower. Ŵamishonale na makampani gha migodi ŵakayowoya kuti kusambizga Ŵakhristu kukovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵagwirenge nchito mwamahara. Mu chigaŵa ichi, ŵaprotesitanti ŵakambiska United Mission of Copperbelt (UMCB), icho chikapangiska kuti paŵe mipingo yinyake ya Ŵaprotesitanti nga ni Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia (CCAR) mu 1945 na United Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia mu 1958 (iyo yikazgoka United Church of Zambia mu 1965). Makampani ghanandi ghakugwilira nchito mu migodi ghakawona kuti nchito iyi yingaŵa yakusuzga comene. Boma likagomezganga kuti usange mtengo wa mkuwa ukhizgikengeko kunthazi, vinthu ivi vichitikengeso. Boma la ku mizi likapeleka ndondomeko ziŵiri kuti ŵantchito ŵa mu matawuni ŵalutilire kukolerana na ŵanthu ŵa mu mizi yawo. Ndalama izo ŵabali ŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu matawuni ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pa vyakupwelelera umoyo wa ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga ku mizi zikapelekeka na boma.<ref>{{cite book|title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6srLCgAAQBAJ&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA43|first=Daniel N.|last=Posner|page=43|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-316-58297-8}}</ref> == {{anchor|Historical significance}}Uwemi == Ŵakulemba mdauko ŵakugomezga kuti ku Africa kukacitika viyezgo vinyake ivyo vikapangiska kuti boma la Britain lisinthe ndyali za ŵanthu ku Africa. Muwusi Hubert Young, wakati watondeka, wakasanga ndalama zakwendeskera kafukufuku wakukhwaskana na kusama kwa ŵanthu ku Africa. Mulembi wa mdauko, Godfrey Wilson wakasambira vya ŵanthu awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu matawuni gha ku Africa kwambira mu 1939 m'paka mu 1940, kweni ntchito yake yikamara. Nangauli pa nyengo iyo, kulekeska ntchito kukawovwira viŵi yayi, kweni ni nyengo yakuzirwa comene pa umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakambira kutemwa caru cawo mu Zambia. Ŵanthu ŵa mu tawuni ya Africa ŵakamanya umo ŵakachitiranga, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti paŵe magulu gha ŵantchito. Ivyo boma la Britain likacita vikawovwira kuti makampani gha migodi ghaŵe na umoyo uwemi kwa vilimika vinkhondi. Mu 1940, mu cigaŵa ici mukaŵa migodi yinandi iyo yikatora sabata yimoza.<ref name="Tor">{{cite book|title=Politics in Zambia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyNfbUVSS9QC&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA54|page=54|first=William|last=Tordoff|publisher=University of California Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0-520-02593-6}}</ref> == Vyakulemba vyapasi == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Vinyake == <references responsive="0"></references> == Ukaboni == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|title=Invisible Agents: Spirits in a Central African History|first=David M.|last=Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdS8E9gTKJUC&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PA82|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-8214-4439-9}} * {{cite book|title=Zambia at Fifty Years: What Went Right, What Went Wrong and Wither To? a Treatise of the Country's Socio-Economic and Political Developments Since Independence|publisher=Partridge Africa|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4828-6124-2|first=Royson|last=Mukwena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nLToCwAAQBAJ&q=copperbelt+strike+of+1935&pg=PT12}} {{Refend}}{{Authority control}} 8byunjjpq92gzlpt26be59qplw6rup7 0 25994 120272 72645 2026-08-27T06:31:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 120272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mulungushi''' ni [[mlonga]] (na tawuni yichoko iyo yili pafupi) mu [[Zambia]] uwo uli na ng'anamuro lakwimira wanangwa wa mtundu uwu. Zina ili lapelekeka ku vinthu vinandi, malo, nyumba na mawupu, kusazgapo: * Mulungushi Rock of Authority, malo ghakucitira maungano gha ndyali; * Mulungushi Declaration, ndondomeko iyo yikayowoyeka na pulezidenti Kenneth Kaunda mu 1968 pa nkhani ya kukanizga ŵanthu kugura vinthu; * Mulungushi Village, chigaŵa cha Lusaka; * Mulungushi Hall, malo gha maungano gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana, agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito nga ni malo ghakupokelera ŵalendo gha boma la Zambia, ndiposo malo agho kukacitikanga maungano ghanandi na kudumbiskana vya ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti caru ca [[South Africa]] ciŵe cakukolerana na caru ca South Africa kweniso awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti caru ca South Africa ciŵe na wanangwa wa kusankha ŵekha vinthu. * Mulungushi House, nyumba yikuru ya maofesi mu Lusaka, uko kuli maofesi gha boma na mabizinesi; Yunivesite ya Mulungushi; * Makampani ghanandi, nga ni Zambia-China Mulungushi Textiles Ltd; * Pali misewu yinandi. == Kugwiliskira nchito vinyake == * [[:en:Mulungushi_River|Mulungushi River]], umo zina ili likambira * [[:en:Mulungushi_Dam|Mulungushi Dam]], Damu pa mlonga uwu * Malo gha Mulungushi River ghakaŵaso malo ghakusambizgirako ŵasilikari ŵa [[Zimbabwe]] People's Revolutionary Army mu ma 1970 agho nyengo zinyake ghakachemekanga kuti 'Mulungushi camp' kweni ili likaŵa zina la boma yayi ndipo likakolerananga yayi na umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia ŵakugwiliskira ntchito zina ili. {{coord|14|40|S|28|50|E|region:ZM_type:waterbody_source:dewiki|display=title}} 0ncn92j7qtfuinlm4hb7s7s313iihhw 0 26482 120273 116635 2026-08-27T06:31:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Japanese supercentenarian (1903–2022)}} {{For|the Japanese voice actor|Kan Tanaka}} {{Pp-semi-indef|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Kane Tanaka | image = Supercentenarian-Kane-Tanaka-c1923 (cropped).png | alt = | caption = Tanaka {{circa|1922}} | native_name = {{nobold|田中カ子}} | native_name_lang = ja | birth_name = Kane Ota | birth_date = {{birth date|1903|1|2|df=y}} | birth_place = Wajiro Village, [[Fukuoka]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date|2022|4|19|df=y}} (aged {{Age_in_years_and_days|1903|1|2|2022|4|19}}) | death_place = Fukuoka, Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220425-world-s-oldest-person-dies-in-japan-at-119|title= World's oldest person dies in Japan at 119|date= 25 April 2022}}</ref> | occupation = Store owner | known_for = {{bulleted list| [[List of the oldest living people|Oldest known living person]]<br />(22 July 2018–19 April 2022)| [[List of Japanese supercentenarians|Oldest verified Japanese person ever]] |[[List of the verified oldest people|Second-oldest verified person ever]]}} | spouse = {{marriage|Hideo Tanaka|6 January 1922|1993|end=died}} | children = 5 | relatives = }} {{Nihongo|'''Kane Tanaka'''|田中 カ子|Tanaka Kane|née Ōta (太田); 2 January 1903 – 19 April 2022}} Wakaŵa mwanakazi wa ku [[Japan]] uyo wakaŵa na vyaka vyakujumpha 100 ndipo wakafwa apo wakaŵa na vyaka {{Age in years and days|1903|1|2|2022|4|19|sep=and}}, wakaŵa munthu mulara comene pa caru cose cifukwa ca nyifwa ya Chiyo Miyako pa Julayi 22, 2018..<ref name="tanaka119">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2022 |title=119歳 福岡市の田中カ子さん死去 ギネスで世界最高齢に認定 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220425/k10013597701000.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425053653/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220425/k10013597701000.html |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=NHK News Web |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="nhk">{{cite news|date=2 January 2021|title=World's oldest woman celebrates 118th birthday|work=[[NHK World-Japan]]|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210102_11/|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107042042/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210102_11/|archive-date=7 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="119th">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/02/national/japanese-worlds-oldest-person/|title=World's oldest person celebrates 119th birthday|agency=Kyodo|work=[[The Japan Times]]|date=2 January 2022|access-date=2 January 2022|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102110439/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/02/national/japanese-worlds-oldest-person/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ni munthu mucekuru comene wa ku Japan ndipo ni munthu waciŵiri mucekuru comene pa ŵanthu wose, pamanyuma pa Jeanne Calment.<ref name="oldestjapanese">{{Cite web |title=117-year-old granny sets new record as Japan's oldest ever person |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/09/5e5c26158954-tanaka-sets-new-japan-age-record-at-117-years-261-days.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831182907/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/09/5e5c26158954-tanaka-sets-new-japan-age-record-at-117-years-261-days.html |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=Kyodo News+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=21 September 2020|title=Woman, 117, marks becoming Japan's oldest ever person with cola and boardgames|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/21/woman-117-marks-becoming-japans-oldest-ever-person-with-cola-and-boardgames|access-date=21 September 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921201417/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/21/woman-117-marks-becoming-japans-oldest-ever-person-with-cola-and-boardgames|url-status=live}}</ref> == Umoyo wa munthu == [[File:Supercentenarian-Kane-Tanaka-c1923.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supercentenarian-Kane-Tanaka-c1923.jpg|thumb|Tanaka wakaŵa na vilimika 20, c. 1923]] Tanaka wakababika pa 2 Janyuwale 1903 mu muzi wa Wajiro (sono ni chigaŵa cha Higashi-ku, Fukuoka), pa cirwa ca kumwera kwa Kyushu, mwana wacitatu na waciŵiri wa ŵapapi ŵake, Kumayoshi na Kuma Ota. Kane na mbumba yake ŵakati wakababika pa Disembala 26, 1902 ndipo ŵapapi ŵake ŵakacedwa kufiska lipoti ili kwa sabata yimoza cifukwa cakuti ŵakamanya yayi usange wangaŵa wamoyo cifukwa wakababika nyengo yitali yayi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180728/k00/00m/040/039000c|script-title=ja:田中カ子さん１１５歳「-死ぬ気全然せんです」|language=ja|trans-title=Japan's oldest woman, Kanako Tanaka, at 115: "I do not feel like dying at all"|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|first=Masashi|last=Hoda|date=27 July 2018|access-date=10 November 2018|url-access=subscription|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065540/https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180728/k00/00m/040/039000c|url-status=live}}</ref> Kane wakaŵa mwana wakwamba mu nyengo ya Meiji, iyo yikamara apo wakaŵa na vyaka 9, mu 1912. Kane wakatora mubali wake Hideo Tanaka mu 1922, ndipo ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵanalume ŵaŵiri na ŵanakazi ŵaŵiri. Kweniso ŵakatora mwana wa mukuru wa Hideo. Mwana wakwamba wa Kane wakafwa wati wababika waka, ndipo waciŵiri wakafwa apo wakaŵa na vilimika cimoza mu 1947, apo mwana wake wakulera wakafwa mu 1945 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 23 cifukwa ca nthenda yinyake. Ŵakagwiranga nchito mu sitoro iyo ŵakaguliskangamo vyakurya vya Shiruko na udon. Mfumu wa Kane wakacemeka ku usilikari kufuma mu 1937 m'paka mu 1939; yumoza wa ŵana ŵake wakakoleka na ŵasilikari paumaliro wa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, mbumba iyi yikalutilira kugwira nchito mu sitoro iyi, ndipo Kane wakazgoka Mkhristu. Apo wakaŵa na vyaka 63, Kane wakaluta ku United States mu 1970 kuti wakawone ŵabali ŵake ku [[California]] na Colorado. Mfumu wake wakafwa mu 1993 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 90, ŵati ŵakhala mu nthengwa vyaka 71.<ref name="nikkei">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=最高齢田中さん117歳に 戦争、病越え5時代生きる |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO54012990S0A100C2CR8000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808145022/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO54012990S0A100C2CR8000/ |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=21 October 2020 |work=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kane wakakhalanga mu nyumba ya ŵacekuru ku Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, kwambira mu Seputembala 2018, ndipo vikayowoyeka kuti wakaŵa wa umoyo uwemi pa zuŵa lake lakubabikira la 118. Tanaka wakeneranga kunyamula nyali ya Olympic pa 2020 Summer Olympics, kweni wakaleka cifukwa ca kwenjerwa na kukwera kwa matenda gha [[Covid-19|COVID-19]] mu Japan. Nyengo zinyake wakaseŵeranga na Othello, ndipo wakendanga mu nyumba ya ŵacekuru. Wakutemwa kulemba na kumazga masamu. Wakaŵa na ŵazukuru ŵankhondi na ŵatatu. Tanaka wakafwira mu chipatala ku Fukuoka, pa 19 Epulero, 2022, mazuŵa ghankhondi na ghatatu pamanyuma pakuti waŵa munthu waciŵiri mulara comene uyo wali kuŵako. Uthenga wa nyifwa yake ukapharasgika pa April 25, 2022, mazuŵa ghankhondi na gamoza pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake. Palije ico cikapangiska kuti wafwe, kweni muzukuru wake wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa mulwari kwamba kuumaliro wa 2021, kuyana na Unduna wa vya Umoyo ku Japan.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kane Tanaka, World's Oldest Person, Dies at 119 in Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/world/asia/kane-tanaka-japan-worlds-oldest-person.html|access-date=11 June 2022|website=The New York Times|date=27 April 2022|last1=Ives|first1=Mike|last2=Ueno|first2=Hisako|last3=Inoue|first3=Makiko}}</ref> [[File:KaneTanakaFamily1920s(Cropped).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KaneTanakaFamily1920s(Cropped).jpg|alt=Kane Tanaka holding her younger brother Nobuo Tanaka in the 1920's|thumb|Kane Tanaka {{circa|1926s}}]] == Umoyo uwemi == Tanaka wakaŵa na nthenda zinandi, ndipo wakasuzgika na nthenda ya paratyphoid pamoza na mwana wake msungwana wacibali apo wakaŵa na vilimika 35. Apo wakaŵa na vyaka 45, ŵakamuchita opareshoni ya kansa. Mu 2006, apo wakaŵa na vyaka 103, ŵakamusanga na nthenda ya kansa ndipo ŵakamuchita opareshoni.<ref name="asahi-20180727">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL7W3QJRL7WTIPE00K.html|script-title=ja:国内最高齢１１５歳、入所者励ます「頑張りんしゃい」|language=ja|trans-title=At 115, the oldest man in Japan advises citizens to "try hard"|newspaper=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|first=Toshihiro|last=Kashiwagi|date=27 July 2018|access-date=10 November 2018|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065356/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL7W3QJRL7WTIPE00K.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mwana wake waciŵiri na muwoli wake ŵakawona kuti wakaŵa wamoyo nyengo yitali, ndipo pati pajumpha vilimika vinayi ŵakalemba buku lakuti In Good and Bad Times, 107 Years Old. Wakaŵa na vyaka 114, ndipo wakafumbika na KBC mu Seputembala 2017. Pa 9 March 2019, Tanaka wakapika zina lakuti "Munthu Wakale Chomene pa Charu Chose" na "Mwanakazi Wakale Chomene pa Charu Chose" na Guinness World Records, kulongora kuti wakaŵa na umoyo utali. Pa Seputembala 19, 2020, wakaphwanya mbiri ya munthu wa ku Japan uyo wakakhala vyaka vinandi chomene, kweniso munthu wachitatu mu charu chose, pamanyuma pa Nabi Tajima wa vyaka 117, mazuŵa 260. Pa 10 Epulero, 2022, wakajumpha umoyo wa Sarah Knauss kuŵa munthu waciŵiri mulara comene.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rypke |first=Bakker |date=9 April 2022 |title=Kane Tanaka (119) sinds vandaag een-na-oudste mens ooit: waar ligt de grens? |url=https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/6193285/kane-tanaka-119-sinds-vandaag-een-na-oudste-mens-ooit-waar-ligt-de-grens.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411071724/https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/6193285/kane-tanaka-119-sinds-vandaag-een-na-oudste-mens-ooit-waar-ligt-de-grens.html |archive-date=11 April 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=[[NU.nl]] |language=nl}}</ref> Tanaka wakayowoya kuti wakukhumba kuŵa na umoyo utali m'paka wafike vyaka 120, ndipo wakati chifukwa cha chipulikano chake mwa Ciuta, mbumba, kugona, cigomezgo, kurya cakurya ciwemi, na kusambira masamu, wakakhala umoyo utali. Chifukwa chakuti wakaŵa wamoyo nyengo yitali, pamoza na Jeanne Calment, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuyowoya kuti munthu wangakhala vyaka 115 m'paka 125. Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Tanaka, mwanakazi munyake wa ku [[France]], zina lake Lucile Randon, ndiyo wakaŵa munthu mulara comene pa caru cose.<ref name="WOP">{{cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=French nun Sister Andre, 118, claims title of world's oldest person |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220425-french-nun-sister-andre-118-claims-title-of-world-s-oldest-person |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425164336/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220425-french-nun-sister-andre-118-claims-title-of-world-s-oldest-person |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=France24}}</ref> == Wonani == * [[:en:List_of_Japanese_supercentenarians|List of Japanese supercentenarians]] * [[:en:Oldest_people|Oldest people]] * [[:en:Jiroemon_Kimura|Jiroemon Kimura]], the longest-lived man ever == Ukaboni == <references responsive="0"></references> == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == {{Commonscat}} * {{Twitter|tanakakane0102|田中カ子}} (the account by her great-granddaughter) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180729111811/http://www.telegraphherald.com/news/national_world/article_6329f3f4-593f-5121-bf20-86c23e93f233.html ''Telegraph Herald'' News in brief] * [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/07/27/life-expectancies-2018-japan-switzerland-spain/848675002/ ''USA Today'' What countries have the longest life expectancies?] * [https://www.sfchronicle.com/world/article/News-of-the-day-from-around-the-globe-July-27-13111661.php ''San Francisco Chronicle'' News of the day from around the globe, July 27] * [https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nation-and-world/worlds-oldest-person-dies-at-117-now-115-year-old-is-oldest/ ''Las Vegas Review-Journal'' World's oldest person dies at 117, now 115-year-old is oldest] {{Authority control}} a99ez4f74p40h0uci7lbn2nop870flx 0 31535 120260 82275 2026-08-27T01:42:08Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Infobox film | name = John Wick: Chapter 4 | image = John Wick - Chapter 4 promotional poster.jpg | alt = A closeup of John Wick, wearing a hourglass as a "tie", with bullets flowing into the lower bulb inside the hourglass. | caption = Chikhongwani cha filimu | director = [[Chad Stahelski]] | writer = {{Plainlist| * [[Shay Hatten]] * Michael Finch }} | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|[[Derek Kolstad]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Basil Iwanyk]] * Erica Lee * Chad Stahelski }} | starring = {{Plainlist| <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK --> * [[Keanu Reeves]] * [[Donnie Yen]] * [[Bill Skarsgård]] * [[Laurence Fishburne]] * [[Hiroyuki Sanada]] * [[Shamier Anderson]] * [[Lance Reddick]] * [[Rina Sawayama]] * [[Scott Adkins]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Ian McShane]] <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK --> }} | cinematography = [[Dan Laustsen]] | editing = Nathan Orloff | music = {{Plainlist| * [[Tyler Bates]] * Joel J. Richard }} | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Summit Entertainment]] * [[Thunder Road Films]] * [[87Eleven Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]] | released = {{Film date|2023|3|6|[[Odeon Luxe Leicester Square|London]]|2023|3|24|United States}} | runtime = 169 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2023 |title=''John Wick: Chapter 4'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/john-wick-chapter-4-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda4mdc3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318130851/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/john-wick-chapter-4-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda4mdc3 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |access-date=March 18, 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $100 million<ref name="Budget">{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Box Office Preview: ''John Wick 4'' Targets Huge $70 Million Opening Weekend |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/box-office-john-wick-4-opening-weekend-projection-record-1235561254/amp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323060018/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/box-office-john-wick-4-opening-weekend-projection-record-1235561254/amp/ |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=March 23, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | gross = $428.9 million<ref name=BOM>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10366206/?ref_=bo_se_r_2|title= John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 26, 2023|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10366206/?ref=bo_se_r_2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Numbers">{{cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/John-Wick-Chapter-4-(2023)#tab=box-office |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) - Financial Information |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315003604/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/John-Wick-Chapter-4-(2023)#tab=box-office |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''John Wick:Chipatulo 4''' ni filimu yakufuma ku [[America]] ya mu 2023 yakulembeka na [[Chad]] Stahelski na Shay Hatten na Michael Finch. Mu filimu iyi muli Keanu Reeves, uyo ni munthu wakwamba, pamoza na Donnie Yen, Bill Skarsgård, Laurence Fishburne, Hiroyuki Sanada, Shamier Anderson, Lance Reddick, Rina Sawayama, Scott Adkins, Clancy Brown, na Ian McShane. Mu filimu iyi, John Wick wakukhumba kuwezgera nduzga pa ŵanthu awo ŵakamukoma. Mu Meyi 2019, Lionsgate yikapharazga vya filimu yacinayi ya John Wick. Iyi ni filimu yakwamba mu filimu iyi iyo yikalembeka na Derek Kolstad, ndipo Hatten wakalembeka mu mwezi wa Meyi 2020. Kuwoneska kwa filimu iyi kukachitika kufuma mu Juni m'paka Okutobala 2021. Zuŵa lakwamba la kufumiska la Meyi 21, 2021, likachedweskeka cifukwa ca nthenda ya COVID-19.<ref name="NewDate">{{Cite web |last=McNary |first=Dave |author-link=Dave McNary |date=May 1, 2020 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4,' 'The Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard' Get New Release Dates |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/lionsgate-hitmans-wifes-bodyguard-john-wick-chapter-4-1234595835/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501225824/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/lionsgate-hitmans-wifes-bodyguard-john-wick-chapter-4-1234595835/ |archive-date=May 1, 2020 |access-date=May 1, 2020 |website=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]}}</ref> John Wick: Chapter 4 yikamba pa Odeon Luxe Leicester Square ku London pa March 6, 2023, ndipo yikamba pa March 24 ku United States. Filimu iyi yikapokelereka na ŵanthu ŵanandi ndipo yikasanga ndalama zakujumpha $428 miliyoni pa charu chose. Pali filimu yacinkhondi iyo yikunozgeka. == Nkhani == <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, word count should be between 400 and 700 words. Word count 699 as of 20 April 2023. --> Mu msumba wa New York, John Wick wakunozgekera kuwezgera nduzga pa High Table uku wakubisama pasi pamoza na Bowery King. Wakaluta ku Morocco na kukoma Mulara, uyo "wakukhala pacanya pa thebulu". Pakuzgora, Marquis Vincent de Gramont, yumoza wa ŵantchito ŵa High Table, wakacema Winston, manejara wa hotelo ya New York Continental, na Charon, uyo wakaŵa mulinda wake. Marquis wakalongosora kuti High Table wamupako vinthu vyambura mphaka kuti wakome John Wick. Wakamususka Winston cifukwa ca kutondeka kukoma John. Pakuŵa cilango, Marquis wakamuwuskapo Winston pa udindo wake, wakamupharazga kuti "wakususkika", wakaparanya Continental, na kukoma Charon. Pamanyuma, Marquis wakakhumbanga kuti Caine, uyo ni munthu wakufwa maso, wakukoma ŵanthu, wakome mubwezi wake John. John wakabisama ku Osaka Continental, iyo yikendeskeka na mubwezi wake Shimazu Koji. Chidi, uyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa Marquis, pamoza na ŵaboma ŵa High Table na Caine, ŵakiza ku hotelo iyi kuti ŵakawone umo vinthu viliri. Mwana wa Koji, Akira, mulinda wa hotelo, wakafumamo mu hotelo pambere High Table "yindayipatulire", ndipo Koji na ŵanalume ŵake ŵakiza kuzakamuvikilira. John wakalimbana na ŵasilikari ŵanandi awo ŵakamukoma. "Bwana. Munthu munyake uyo wakakhumbanga kupenja njombe, wakadumulizga mbembe yawo na kovwira John kuti wachimbire. Koji uyo wapwetekeka, wakuwukira Caine mwakuwerezgawerezga; Caine wakukoma Koji na kuponoska Akira. John wakawelera ku New York ndipo wakakumana na Winston pa dindi la Charon. Winston wakaphalira John kuti wagwiliskirenge nchito kaluso ka ku High Table kuti wacite nkhondo na Marquis. Para John wangatonda mphindano, waŵenge wakufwatuka ku udindo wose uwo wali nawo, kweni wangapempha waka kuti waŵe yumoza wa ŵamunyumba ya vigeŵenga. Wakaluta ku likuru la gulu la vigeŵenga la Ruska Roma ku Berlin, uko wakaleka kukolerana nalo. Mudumbu wake wakulera, Katia, wakakhumbanga kuti John wakome Killa Harkan. John wakalimbana na Killa pa nyumba yake ya maseŵero. Caine na Mr. Palije uyo wakawovwira John kwimikana na ŵanthu ŵa Killa apo nkhondo yikambanga; John wakakoma Killa na kuwezgerapo udindo wake. Winston wakaphalira Marquis ivyo John wakayowoya. Pakuŵa'muteŵeti waciŵiri' wa John, Winston wakapempha kuti New York Continental yizengekeso, ndipo usange John watonda, iyo waŵengeso manejara. Ku Paris, John na Marquis ŵakudumbiskana umo ŵacitirenge nkhondo iyi. Ŵakudumbiskana vya futi pa zuŵa lakulondezgapo ku Sacré-Cœur. Marquis wakimika munthu munyake zina lake Caine kuti wanjire mu malo ghake; John na Winston ŵazamukomeka usange ŵiza yayi pa nyengo yakwenelera. Themba la ku Bowery likiza ku Paris kuzakapeleka kwa John futi na malaya ghaphya. Marquis wakakhumbanga kuti John waleke kufika pa nyengo ya nkhondo mwa kumupa ndalama zakukwana madola 26 miliyoni. John wakathereska ŵabendezi ŵanandi pa nthowa ya ku Sacré-Cœur, kusazgapo Mr. Palije uyo wangadumbiskana vya kukwezga njombe kufika pa $40 miliyoni. Apo ŵakadumbiskananga, John wakawovwira kuti Chidi waleke kukoma Mr. Ntcheŵe ya munthu waliyose yayi, yikupangiska Mr. Palije uyo wangamuleka John. Caine na Mr. Palije uyo wakawovwira John kuti waleke kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo Chidi, uyo Mr. Palije uyo wakukoma ŵanthu pa Rue Foyatier, ŵakufika pa pachanya pa phiri pa nyengo yakwenelera ya nkhondo. John na Caine ŵakakhuŵazgana mu vigaŵa viŵiri. Cingwe cacitatu cikamara apo Caine wakapweteka John. Pakukhumba kuti waŵe na mazaza gha kuwukira, Marquis wakasintha malo na Caine. Winston wakachenya Marquis cifukwa ca kujikuzga kwake, ndipo wakavumbura kuti John wandafumiskepo futi yacitatu. Muteŵeti wa Ciuta wakapeleka wanangwa kwa Caine na John, ndipo Winston wakawelera ku nchito. John wakati wawa pa makwelero, wakaghanaghanira za umoyo wake na nthengwa yake pambere wandafwe. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, apo ŵakawelera ku New York, Winston na Bowery King ŵakamuwonaso John pa dindi lake, ilo likaŵa pafupi na dindi la muwoli wake Helen. Mu cigaŵa ico cikati cajumphapo, Caine wakawelera ku Paris kuti wakakumane na mwana wake mwanakazi, kweni Akira uyo wakaŵa na mtima wa kuwezgera, wakaluta nayo. == Ŵatola mbali == <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK, SEE https://johnwick.movie/assets/img/common/rated.png --> * [[Keanu Reeves]] as [[John Wick (character)|John Wick]], a professional hitman and assassin who has gained a legendary reputation for his set of skills and is now hunted by the High Table.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=2023-03-26 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Annihilates 'Shazam 2' With $73.5M U.S. Box Office Opening |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-wick-chapter-4-box-office-shazam-1235360910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327170936/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-wick-chapter-4-box-office-shazam-1235360910/ |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Chris |date=2023-03-29 |title='We're Going to Do the Biggest Stair Fall You've Ever Seen' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/03/chad-stahelski-on-john-wick-chapter-4s-stairs-pratfall.html |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Vulture |language=en-us}}</ref> * [[Donnie Yen]] as Caine, a blind High Table assassin and an old friend of John Wick, who is forced out of retirement to kill John Wick to ensure the safety of his daughter. * [[Bill Skarsgård]] as the Marquis Vincent de Gramont, a powerful member of the High Table whose position is challenged by John Wick. * [[Laurence Fishburne]] as the Bowery King, a former underground crime boss who was left for dead by the High Table and is now sponsoring John Wick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Carly |date=June 10, 2021 |title='John Wick 4': Laurence Fishburne Confirms His Return and Praises Sequel Script That Goes "Much Deeper" |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-4-cast-laurence-fishburne |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610184150/https://collider.com/john-wick-4-cast-laurence-fishburne/ |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |access-date=June 10, 2021 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Hiroyuki Sanada]] as Shimazu Koji, the manager of the Osaka Continental Hotel and an old friend of John Wick and Caine.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 15, 2022 |title=John Wick 4 Director Chad Stahelski Talks New Characters, Locations & the Future of the Franchise |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMTmbiRNtnk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209140631/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMTmbiRNtnk |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Shamier Anderson]] as Mr. Nobody / The Tracker, a bounty hunter pursuing Wick. * [[Lance Reddick]] as Charon, the concierge at the Continental Hotel in New York. * [[Rina Sawayama]] as Shimazu Akira, Koji's daughter and concierge of the Osaka Continental.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1423360829135761414|user=rinasawayama|title=🗡️AKIRA🗡️ #JohnWick4|last=Sawayama|first=Rina|author-link=Rina Sawayama}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=May 27, 2021 |title=Singer Rina Sawayama Tapped To Star Alongside Keanu Reeves In 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/rina-sawayama-star-john-wick-chapter-4-keanu-reeves-japanese-british-pop-star-1234765248/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527204726/https://deadline.com/2021/05/rina-sawayama-star-john-wick-chapter-4-keanu-reeves-japanese-british-pop-star-1234765248/ |archive-date=May 27, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Scott Adkins]] as Killa Harkan, the head of the German Table.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rivera |first=Damon |date=January 11, 2023 |title=Scott Adkins Says Keanu Reeves Gave Everyone Gifts On The Set Of John Wick: Chapter 4 |url=https://www.looper.com/1164648/scott-adkins-says-keanu-reeves-gave-everyone-gifts-on-the-set-of-john-wick-chapter-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171504/https://www.looper.com/1164648/scott-adkins-says-keanu-reeves-gave-everyone-gifts-on-the-set-of-john-wick-chapter-4/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Looper (website)|Looper]]}}</ref> Adkins, who wore a [[fat suit]] for the role, says his performance was inspired by a character in ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Mendelson|first1=Scott|title=‘John Wick 4’ Star Scott Adkins Says His Performance Was Inspired by ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark’|url=https://www.thewrap.com/scott-adkins-john-wick-keanu-reeves-interview/|magazine=[[The Wrap]]|date=March 23, 2023}}</ref> * [[Clancy Brown]] as the Harbinger, a high-ranking operative of the High Table.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Rourke |first=Ryan |date=November 10, 2022 |title=Here's Who Bill Skarsgård Plays in 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-4-bill-skarsgard-clancy-brown-shamier-anderson-characters-explained/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110175929/https://collider.com/john-wick-4-bill-skarsgard-clancy-brown-shamier-anderson-characters-explained/ |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Ian McShane]] as Winston Scott, the manager of the New York Continental Hotel and friend of John Wick.<ref name="mc">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Ian McShane To Return As Winston In 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/john-wick-chapter-4-ian-mcshane-returning-1234793776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715180334/https://deadline.com/2021/07/john-wick-chapter-4-ian-mcshane-returning-1234793776/ |archive-date=July 15, 2021 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK, SEE https://johnwick.movie/assets/img/common/rated.png --> [[Natalia Tena]] portrays Katia, John Wick's adoptive sister;<ref>{{cite web |last=Knolle |first=Sharon |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Keanu Reeves Is Back (Again) in First Look at 'John Wick 4' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/keanu-reeves-in-first-look-photo-of-john-wick-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111060456/https://www.thewrap.com/keanu-reeves-in-first-look-photo-of-john-wick-4/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Ben |date=November 10, 2022 |title=John Wick Chapter 4 Trailer Has Keanu Reeves Fighting Donnie Yen |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/john-wick-chapter-4-trailer-keanu-reeves-fights-donnie-yen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110201153/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/john-wick-chapter-4-trailer-keanu-reeves-fights-donnie-yen/ |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Consumer Media]]}}</ref> and [[Marko Zaror]] portrays Chidi, second-in-command of the Marquis de Gramont.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Arrow S. |date=April 1, 2023 |title=The Most Badass 'John Wick' Characters, Ranked |url=https://collider.com/most-badass-john-wick-characters-ranked/#chidi-marko-zaror |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> George Georgiou appears as the Elder, "the one who sits above the Table"; Georgiou portrays a different character than the one played by [[Saïd Taghmaoui]] in ''[[John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |author=Harvey Voices |date=November 11, 2022 |title=The official trailer for ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' has landed and we are thrilled to announce that George Georgiou will play The Elder.... |url=https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111105855/https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=Harvey Voices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1591019440820391936|user=HarveyVoices|title=We are beyond excited to announce that our very own @george_actor will play The Elder in #JohnWickChapter4 Click here for more info and to watch the official trailer: https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou/… #JW4 #KeanuReeves #voiceover #voiceovercasting|author=Harvey Voices}}</ref> [[Bridget Moynahan]] appears as John's late wife, Helen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutton |first=Robert |date=November 11, 2022 |title=Woah, John Wick 4 Trailer Teases A Massive Reveal About John's Family |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-trailer-high-table-family-tease/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> Sven Marquardt, an infamous German [[bouncer]], appears as a Ruska Roma member named Klaus.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barker |first1=Stephen |date=30 March 2023 |title=John Wick 4's Klaus Cameo Hides A Wild True Story |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-klaus-actor-cameo-true-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330193138/https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-klaus-actor-cameo-true-story/ |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=screenrant.com |publisher=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunworth |first1=Liberty |date=28 March 2023 |title=Legendary Berghain bouncer Sven Marquardt makes cameo in 'John Wick 4' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/legendary-berghain-bouncer-sven-marquardt-makes-cameo-in-john-wick-4-3421800 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330115738/https://www.nme.com/news/film/legendary-berghain-bouncer-sven-marquardt-makes-cameo-in-john-wick-4-3421800 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=nme.com |publisher=[[NME]]}}</ref> Retired sumo wrestler [[Yoshinori Tashiro]] made an appearance as the Osaka Continental gatekeeper.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |script-title=ja:「ジョン・ウィック4」に“インドに漂着した力士”田代良徳が出演、真田広之と訓練中 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/434532 |access-date=7 April 2023 |publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> == Kupangika == === Kayendeskelo === Pa Meyi 20, 2019, Lionsgate yikapharazga vya John Wick: Chapter 4 kwizira mu "John Wick" service yawo ya kusinthiska malemba, na kulemba kuti, "Mwatumikira. Namovwirani. John Wick: Chaputara 4 yikwiza pa Meyi 21, 2021". Mu Ogasiti 2020, CEO wa Lionsgate, Jon Feltheimer, wakati: "Tili ŵakutangwanika kunozga malemba gha vigaŵa viŵiri vyakunthazi vya filimu ya John Wick. Tikugomezga kuti tizamuwoneseska kuti John Wick 4 na 5 vyalongosoreka mwakudumura para Keanu wazakaŵa na nyengo yakugwilira nchito kukwambilira kwa caka cikwiza".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneider |first=Jeff |date=August 6, 2020 |title='John Wick 5' Greenlit by Lionsgate; Will Be Shot Back-to-Back with 'John Wick 4' |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-5-filming-dates-details-john-wick-4-keanu-reeves/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072949/https://collider.com/john-wick-5-filming-dates-details-john-wick-4-keanu-reeves/ |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 6, 2020 |title='John Wick 5' Confirmed By Lionsgate; Sequel Will Be Shot Back To Back With Fourth Installment |url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/john-wick-5-confirmed-by-lionsgate-sequel-will-be-shot-back-to-back-with-fourth-installment-1203006611/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819230331/https://deadline.com/2020/08/john-wick-5-confirmed-by-lionsgate-sequel-will-be-shot-back-to-back-with-fourth-installment-1203006611/ |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en}}</ref> Pambere filimu yacitatu yindafumiskike, mulembi Chad Stahelski wakasimikizgira pa Reddit "AMA" kuti pakaŵa kudumbiskana za filimu yinyakhe, ndipo kuti wazamunjiramo mu mulimo uwu usange filimu yacitatu yikwenda makora. Nangauli ŵakayowoyapo kale, kweni pakaŵavya ukaboni wakuti Keanu Reeves wazamuweleraso. Ndipouli, wakaphalira GQ kuti walutilirenge kucita mulimo uwu mpaka apo ŵanthu ŵakukhumbira, wakati, "Mpaka apo malundi ghane ghakunitolera". Stahelski pamanyuma pake wakaseka filimu yacinayi mu nkhani na IndieWire mwa kuyowoya kuti Wick wazamumalizga yayi filimu yacinayi na "umaliro wakukondweska", wakati, "John wangapona pa vinthu vyose ivi kweni paumaliro wake, palije umaliro wakukondweska. Walije uko wangaluta. Nadi, nkhumuphalirani kuti, kasi mukukhumba kuti nileke wuli? Kasi ukughanaghana kuti wafumenge na kuluta ku mtunda? Wakakoma ŵanthu 300 ndipo sono wafumengepo waka. Kasi watemwenge waka mwanakazi munyake? Usange ndimwe munthu uyu, usange munthu uyu waliko, kasi zuŵa la munthu uyu lizamumara wuli? Wazamuŵa wakufwa umoyo wake wose. Ni nkhani ya nyengo". Kweniso, Stahelski wakaseka Winston mu filimu yacinayi, wakati, "Wakakhumbanga kumukoma. Kasi wakakhumbanga kumukoma? Ivi vingapulikikwa makora, mungaviwona mu nthowa ziŵiri, ndipo apa ndipo tikutorapo mafumbo ghanyake agho ghandazgoreke mu John Wick 4. Studio iyi yikasankha kuleka kulemba nkhani ya Derek Kolstad ndipo m'malo mwake yikagwira ntchito Shay Hatten kuti walembe script mu Meyi 2020. Mu Febuluwale, Stahelski wakatora Ricky Staub na Dan Walser kuti ŵamulembere filimu iyi pamanyuma pakuti wakakondwa na filimu yawo ya Concrete Cowboy. Mu Malichi 2021, ntchito yolemba zojambula zidaperekedwa kwa wolemba zojambula za Predators Michael Finch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Ben |date=March 22, 2021 |title=''John Wick 4'' and ''John Wick 5'' Will Not Be Written by Franchise Architect Derek Kolstad; ''The Continental'' Announcements Coming Soon |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/john-wick-4-and-5-writer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324182022/https://www.slashfilm.com/john-wick-4-and-5-writer/ |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2021 |website=[[/Film]]}}</ref> === Kalembelo === Shay Hatten na Michael Finch ndiwo ŵakalemba filimu iyi. Mu nkhani iyo wakalemba na magazini ya Looper, Finch wakati pakaŵa mafilimu ghanandi agho ghakamovwira kuti walembe makora. Iyo wakati: "Vinthu vinandi ivyo Chad wakalemba vikamba na mafilimu ghanyake, kwali ni Once Upon a Time in the West, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Bullitt, Dirty Harry, panji filimu ya Zatoichi". Donnie Yen wakwimira munthu uyo wakukoma ŵanthu wachibulumutira. Zina la munthu uyu ni Killa Harkan, ndipo wakuchemeka Killa Hakan, rapper wa ku Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2023 |title=Turkse acteur schittert in succesfilm "John Wick: Chapter 4" |url=https://www.dejongeturken.com/turkse-acteur-schittert-in-succesfilm-john-wick-chapter-4/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Uç |first=Hakan |date=April 24, 2023 |title=Latest: Turkish rap agenda in 'John Wick 4,' Killa Hakan |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/music/latest-turkish-rap-agenda-in-john-wick-4-killa-hakan |website=Daily Sabah}}</ref> === Kusankha ŵatoli mbali === Apo filimu yacinayi yikamanyikwanga, Reeves wakapharazga kuti wayamba kusambira vya John Wick 4 na Matrix Resurrections. Mu Meyi 2021, vikamanyikwa kuti Rina Sawayama wazamwamba kuwonekera mu filimu ya John Wick Chapter 4. Ŵakamusankha cifukwa nchito iyi yikakhumbikwiranga munthu uyo wakumanya kuvina, ndipo Stahelski wakawonapo mavidiyo ghake gha sumu za "XS" na "Bad Friend" izo zikulongosora kuvina na kurwa. Mwezi wakulondezgapo, Laurence Fishburne, Hiroyuki Sanada, Donnie Yen, Bill Skarsgård, Shamier Anderson, na Scott Adkins ŵakatoleka mu filimu iyi. Pakwamba, Sanada wakakhumbanga kuzakaŵa na Zero mu Mutu 3, kweni wakaleka kuzakaŵa mu Avengers: Endgame. Mu Julayi 2021, Lance Reddick wakimikika kuti wachitenge mulimo wa Charon, ndipo Ian McShane wakimikika kuti wachitenge mulimo wa Winston. Mu Ogasiti, Clancy Brown wakanjira mu gulu ili.<ref name="BrownCast">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 9, 2021 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Adds Clancy Brown |url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/john-wick-chapter-4-adds-clancy-brown-1234811844/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809230129/https://deadline.com/2021/08/john-wick-chapter-4-adds-clancy-brown-1234811844/ |archive-date=August 9, 2021 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> === Set design and weapons selection === Vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito pa filimu iyi, ŵakavisanga ku makampani agho ghakapanga vilwero ivi. De Gramont wakimika Caine uyo wakakhumbanga yayi kurwa nkhondo mu malo ghake mu nkhonya mwa kugwiliskira nchito Thompson/Center Contenders wa m'ma 1900. Themba la ku Bowery likati lafika ku Paris, likapeleka kwa John futi yakuchemeka Pit Viper. Apo filimu iyi yikambanga, munthu uyo wakuchemeka Caine wakulongora kuti wakugwiliskira ntchito ora la golide lakuzirwa la Carl F. Bucherer wali na cithuzithuzi ca mwana wake msungwana mukati mwa chibenekelero ca golide.<ref>"Carl F. Bucherer Pocket Watch - John Wick: Chapter 4". Watch-id.com. [https://www.watch-id.com/sightings/carl-f-bucherer-pocket-watch-john-wick-chapter-4] </ref> === Kujambula === Kujambura vithuzi kukamba pa June 28, 2021, pa ndalama zakukwana $100 miliyoni, ndipo kukachitika ku France, Germany, New York City, na [[Japan]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku France, kusazgapo Mulara wa Malo, ŵakayowoya kuti ku Paris kukaŵa "ku helo". Chifukwa chakuti ku Germany kukachedwa masabata ghaŵiri, Stahelski wakaŵa na nyengo yichoko yakuwonera Paris ndipo wakachitanga vinthu mwambura kwenelera na kusintha malo gha ku malo agha. Ŵakawoneskanga filimu iyi ku Luxembourg Gardens na Church of St. Eustache. Cigaŵa cakwamba ca filimu iyi cikaŵa mu "Chitempile ya La Défense" ku Paris. Nkhondo iyi yikamalira pa chiŵanja cha mlengalenga kufupi na Berlin. Kujambura filimu iyi kukamara pa Okutobala 27..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharf |first=Zack |date=2021-10-27 |title=Keanu Reeves Ended 'John Wick 4' Filming by Giving His Stunt Team the 'Best Wrap Gift Ever' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/10/keanu-reeves-gifts-john-wick-4-stunt-team-1234674884/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029071256/https://www.indiewire.com/2021/10/keanu-reeves-gifts-john-wick-4-stunt-team-1234674884/ |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en}}</ref> === Post-production === Stahelski described an early cut of ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' as "screwed" because the expanded [[worldbuilding]] of its title character and the introduction of new characters took 225 minutes of screen time. Editor Nathan Orloff performed more substantial cuts, reducing the film to 169 minutes.<ref name="Runtime" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemphill |first=Jim |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Why ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' Earns Its Almost 3-Hour Running Time |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/03/john-wick-4-running-time-explanation-1234821079/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322221901/https://www.indiewire.com/2023/03/john-wick-4-running-time-explanation-1234821079/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |access-date=March 22, 2023 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> The film was originally subtitled ''Hagakure'', to match ''Parabellum''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2023 |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 Had An Alternate Title To Match John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/john-wick-chapter-4-had-an-alternate-title-to-match-john-wick-chapter-3-parabellum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328012938/https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/john-wick-chapter-4-had-an-alternate-title-to-match-john-wick-chapter-3-parabellum |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> == Music == {{main|John Wick: Chapter 4 (soundtrack)}} [[Tyler Bates]] and Joel J. Richard return to compose the score for the film, after doing so for the previous three films. [[John Wick: Chapter 4 (soundtrack)|The soundtrack album]] was released by [[Lakeshore Records]] on March 24, 2023.<ref name="Soundtrack">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2023 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Soundtrack Album Details |url=https://filmmusicreporter.com/2023/03/21/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-album-details/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321203244/https://filmmusicreporter.com/2023/03/21/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-album-details/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=Film Music Reporter}}</ref> The movie features EDM tracks from widely-known artists in the genre, like [[Gesaffelstein]] and [[Justice (band)|Justice]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Songs and music featured in John Wick: Chapter 4 Soundtrack |url=https://www.tunefind.com/movie/john-wick-chapter-4-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052725/https://www.tunefind.com/movie/john-wick-chapter-4-2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=tunefind.com |publisher=tunefind.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sherlock |first1=Ben |date=March 26, 2023 |title=Every Song On The John Wick: Chapter 4 Soundtrack |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052725/https://screenrant.com/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-songs/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=screenrant.com |publisher=screenrant.com}}</ref> as well as [[Le Castle Vania]], whose work largely consisted of remixes of his work from John Wick and John Wick 2. Most of the artists featured in the soundtrack are French, and therefore fit with the majority of the third act of the movie taking place in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) - Filming Locations |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10366206/locations |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=imdb.com |publisher=www.imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JOHN WICK 4: IN WHICH DISTRICTS OF PARIS WAS THE FILM SHOT? |url=https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/what-to-do-in-paris/cinema-series/articles/289770-john-wick-4-in-which-districts-of-paris-was-the-film-shot |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=www.sortiraparis.com |publisher=www.sortiraparis.com}}</ref> == Release == John Wick: Chapter 4 yikafuma pa Malichi 24, 2023. Lionsgate yikapharazga vya filimu iyi pa sabata yakwamba ya Parabellum, ndipo yikeneranga kufumiskika pa Meyi 21, 2021. Kumanyuma, pa Meyi 1, 2020, IndieWire wakavumbura kuti filimu yachinayi yikasunkhunyika mu Meyi 2022 chifukwa cha nthenda ya COVID-19 na maulamuliro gha Reeves ku The Matrix Resurrections, iyo yikeneranga kufumiskika pa zuŵa limoza na Wick 4. Stahelski wakati: "Matrix 4 yikaŵa kuti yakhala masabata ghanayi pera kufuma apo vyose ivi vikacitikira. Pamanyuma pake tikwenera kunozgekera kuti tizakambe. Ntheura mazuŵa gha kufumiskirako... ni njani wakumanya sono". Zuŵa la kufumiska filimu iyi likachedweskeka kufika pa Meyi 27, 2022, chifukwa cha nthenda ya COVID-19, ndipo pamasinda pa March 24, 2023, kuti ŵaleke kujumpha pa Top Gun: Maverick. Filimu iyi yikamba kuwonekera pa Odeon Luxe Leicester Square ku London pa March 6, 2023. Kweniso yikawonekeranga ku South by Southwest pa Malichi 13, 2023. Mu charu cha [[India]], filimu iyi ŵakayilemba mu Chihindi, Tamil, na Chitelugu. Chikafuma mu South Korea pa Epulero 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jang |first=Ah-reum |date=March 22, 2023 |title='존윅4' 4월12일 국내 개봉 확정…에펠탑 배경 아이맥스 포스터 공개 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006700204 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325144022/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006700204 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |access-date=March 24, 2023 |website=Naver |language=ko}}</ref> === Home media === ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' was released on digital May 23, 2023. The Blu-Ray, 4K UHD, and DVD are set to be released on June 13, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 DVD Release Date |url=https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/9566/john-wick-chapter-4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327073414/https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/9566/john-wick-chapter-4 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=DVDs Release Dates |language=en}}</ref> == Reception == === Box office === Kufika pa Meyi 25, 2023, John Wick: Chaputara 4 yili kusanga ndalama zakukwana madola 185.9 miliyoni mu United States na Canada, na madola 243 miliyoni mu vigaŵa vinyake, pa charu chose. Ku United States na Canada, John Wick: Chapter 4 yikaguliska ndalama zakukwana $6570 miliyoni kufuma ku malo ghakusinthaniramo 3,855 pa sabata yakwamba. Kanema uyu wakapanga ndalama zakukwana $29.4 miliyoni pa zuŵa lake lakwamba, kusazgapo $8.9 million kufuma ku viwonetsero vya pa Chinayi usiku, ndipo iyi ndiyo yikaŵa filimu yiwemi chomene mu filimu iyi. Chikaŵa na ndalama zakukwana madola 73.8 miliyoni, ndipo chikaŵa na ndalama zinandi chomene. Chikaŵaso chiphikiro chakwamba chomene ku Lionsgate na filimu yiliyose ya R-rated kufuma apo kukaŵa nthenda ya COVID-19 mu Malichi 2020. Pa nyengo iyi, iyi yikaŵa seŵero laciŵiri pa seŵero laciŵiri ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene, pamanyuma pa Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania. Kanema uyu wakapanga $28.3 miliyoni mu sabata yakwambilira (kupereŵera kwa 61.6%), wakamalizga wachiŵiri kuseri kwa Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves. Mu sabata yacitatu, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana $14.6 miliyoni, ndipo yikatora malo ghaciŵiri. Mafilimu. Kunja kwa United States na Canada, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana madola 64 miliyoni kufuma ku vyaru 71. Mu sabata yake yaciŵiri, John Wick: Chapter 4 yikasanga ndalama zakukwana 35 miliyoni mu vyaru 75. Mu sabata yachitatu, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana $21.5 miliyoni. Pa Epulero 16, 2023, vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na ndalama zinandi ni United Kingdom ($18 million), Germany ($16.9 million), Mexico ($13.7 million), Australia ($13.3 million) na CIS ($12.3 million) .<ref name="DHInt4thBO">{{cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |date=April 17, 2023 |title='Super Mario Bros' Jumps Higher With $693M WW Through Sunday, Will Barrel Past $700M Today; 'John Wick 4' Reaches Franchise-Best $350M – International Box Office |url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/super-mario-bros-movie-second-weekend-global-international-box-office-1235326157/ |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> === Critical response === Pa webusayiti ya Rotten Tomatoes, 94% ya ŵanthu 340 awo ŵakawonanga nkhani iyi ŵakayowoya viwemi. Pa webusayiti iyi pali fundo yakuti: "John Wick: Chaputara 4 yikulongosora vinandi chomene ndipo yikulongora kuti para Keanu Reeves wavwara makora ndipo wakukoma ŵalwani ŵake, palije icho chingamukwana". Ŵanthu awo ŵakafumbika na CinemaScore ŵakamupa filimu iyi "A" pa scale ya A+ mpaka F, apo awo ŵakafumbika na PostTrak ŵakamupa 93% ya viwemi. Frank Scheck wa ku The Hollywood Reporter wakalemba makora chomene filimu iyi, wakati "nkhuru, yiheni chomene, njakukhwima mtima, yitali, kweniso yili na vinthu vinandi ivyo munthu wangakwaniska yayi kuviwona. Tom Jorgensen wa IGN wakapa filimu iyi 10/10, wakayilongosora kuti ni "buku la mazuŵa ghano" ndipo "likuzura na vinthu vyakupambanapambana vya kulenga, vyakusanguluska na vyakusanguluska". Richard Roeper wa mu nyuzipepara ya Chicago Sun-Times wakapeleka nyenyezi zitatu pa zinayi, wakati: "Mu filimu iyi muli filimu yiwemi chomene ya maminiti 100, iyo yikulongora vinthu vyakofya ivyo vikuchitika mu galimoto. Richard Brody wa ku The New Yorker wakadandawura comene na filimu iyi, kweni wakawona kuti umaliro wake "wakukhozga comene, wacitima, wakukhozga, ndiposo wakukondweska". Charles Bramesco wa mu nyuzipepara ya The Guardian, wakapeleka nyenyezi ziŵiri pa nyenyezi zinkhondi, wakati: "Awo ŵakakondwa na filimu yakwamba cifukwa ca nkhongono zake, ŵakulindilira cinthu cinyake: cinthu cikuru comene ca filimu iyo yikukhumba kukoma cilicose kweni ŵana ŵake yayi". Liz Miller wakati wawona filimu iyi wakati: "Para nkhuwonelera John Wick: Chaputara 4, nyengo zinyake nkhujipulika nga nkhuwonelera filimu iyo yili na vigaŵa vinandi. Pa maora ghaŵiri na maminiti 49, maso ghinu ghazamuwoneka luŵiro para mwawona ivyo vikujumpha pa chiwawa. Kweni'mazuŵa ghachoko waka' ghakupanga 'filimu' yayi". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Liz Shannon |date=March 14, 2023 |title=In John Wick Chapter 4, Brilliant Fights Are Less Than the Sum of Their Punches: Review |url=https://consequence.net/2023/03/john-wick-chapter-4-review-keanu-reeves/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316184642/https://consequence.net/2023/03/john-wick-chapter-4-review-keanu-reeves/ |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Accolades === At the [[2023 MTV Movie & TV Awards]], ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' received a nomination for [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordyke |first=Kimberly |date=May 7, 2023 |title=MTV Movie & TV Awards: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2023-winners-list-1235479868/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508014322/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2023-winners-list-1235479868/ |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Future == === Sequel === Mu 2023, CEO wa Lionsgate, Jon Feltheimer wakasimikizga kuti filimu yacinayi yikupangika pamoza na John Wick: Chapter 4. Nangauli pakwamba ŵakakhumbanga kuti filimu iyi yikwane pamoza na chigaŵa chachinayi, kweni mu Malichi 2021, Lionsgate ŵakasankha kuti ŵaleke kupanga. Mu 2019, Reeves wakayowoya kuti walutilirenge kupanga mafilimu ghakulondezgana, chikuru mafilimu agha ghakukondweska. Stahelski wakati: "Ine na Keanu tili kumalizga waka. Tipelekenge nyengo kuti John Wick wapumure. Nkhugomezga kuti studio yili na pulani. Usange ŵanthu wose ŵakukondwa na nkhani iyi, mbwenu tiŵenge chete". Apo filimu iyi yikafumanga, pakaŵavya nkhani yakuti paŵe filimu yacinayi, cifukwa cakuti Wick wakafwa mu Mutu 4. Stahelski wakayowoya kuti cifukwa ico iyo na Reeves ŵakalekera kupanga sequel yikaŵa cifukwa ca kukayikira nkhongono zake za "kupeleka vinthu viŵiri vyapadera". Pakwamba, Lionsgate yikakwiya na ivyo ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakaghanaghananga, kweni pamanyuma ŵakazomera. Nangauli Stahelski na Reeves ŵakaŵikapo mtima kuti Wick wazakaŵepo, kweni Joe Drake, pulezidenti wa Lionsgate, wakayowoyapo kuti pali mwaŵi wakuti paŵe filimu yacinayi chifukwa cha kupambana kwa Chapter 4. Mu Meyi 2023, ŵakasimikizga kuti Lionsgate yikunozga filimu yacinayi ya John Wick.<ref>https://comicbook.com/movies/news/john-wick-5-lionsgate-boss-confirms-development/?fbclid=IwAR01mQySTIKEKToawsw822jXpTPTZplt-I61bs9oCajO58PfB6LkmmUB12o&mibextid=Zxz2cZ</ref> === Spin-offs === Reeves na McShane ŵazamuŵaso na maudindo ghawo nga ni Wick na Winston mu filimu ya Ballerina, iyo yikulongosora vya John Wick. Kweniso pa TV paŵenge pulogiramu yinyake yakuchemeka The Continental: From the World of John Wick. Yen walongora kuti wakukhumba kupanga filimu yinyake yakuyowoya vya Caine..<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=March 27, 2023|title=Donnie Yen Talks 'John Wick 4,' a Possible Caine Spinoff and Quentin Tarantino's 'Cartoonish' Bruce Lee Depiction|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/donnie-yen-john-wick-4-caine-spin-off-quentin-tarantino-bruce-lee-1235565269/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327163239/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/donnie-yen-john-wick-4-caine-spin-off-quentin-tarantino-bruce-lee-1235565269/|archive-date=March 27, 2023|access-date=March 28, 2023|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> == Vinyake == {{notelist}} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Vyakulemba vinyake == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite web |last=Zuckerman |first=Esther |date=March 29, 2023 |title=A John Wick Action Scene, Step by Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/movies/john-wick-4-action-scene.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329181519/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/movies/john-wick-4-action-scene.html |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |access-date=April 1, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}} {{refend}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwalonks == * {{Official website|https://johnwick.movie/film/john-wick-4}} * {{IMDb title}} * {{Mojo title|johnwick4}} {{John Wick}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2020s American films]] [[Category:2020s English-language films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American neo-noir films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:Fictional representations of Romani people|Wick, John]] [[Category:Films directed by Chad Stahelski]] [[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]] [[Category:Films produced by Basil Iwanyk]] [[Category:Films scored by Tyler Bates]] [[Category:Films set in Berlin]] [[Category:Films set in Morocco]] [[Category:Films set in New York City]] [[Category:Films set in Osaka]] [[Category:Films set in Paris]] [[Category:Films set in Japan]] [[Category:Films shot in Berlin]] [[Category:Films shot in Japan]] [[Category:Films shot in Jordan]] [[Category:Films shot in New York City]] [[Category:Films shot in Paris]] [[Category:Films with screenplays by Shay Hatten]] [[Category:John Wick|4]] [[Category:Lionsgate films]] [[Category:Summit Entertainment films]] [[Category:Thunder Road Films films]] [[Category:English-language action thriller films]] lvekozy6n7j7nzafcceayrl0yfclvck 120261 120260 2026-08-27T01:42:12Z KiranBOT 9970 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 120261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Infobox film | name = John Wick: Chapter 4 | image = John Wick - Chapter 4 promotional poster.jpg | alt = A closeup of John Wick, wearing a hourglass as a "tie", with bullets flowing into the lower bulb inside the hourglass. | caption = Chikhongwani cha filimu | director = [[Chad Stahelski]] | writer = {{Plainlist| * [[Shay Hatten]] * Michael Finch }} | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|[[Derek Kolstad]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Basil Iwanyk]] * Erica Lee * Chad Stahelski }} | starring = {{Plainlist| <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK --> * [[Keanu Reeves]] * [[Donnie Yen]] * [[Bill Skarsgård]] * [[Laurence Fishburne]] * [[Hiroyuki Sanada]] * [[Shamier Anderson]] * [[Lance Reddick]] * [[Rina Sawayama]] * [[Scott Adkins]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Ian McShane]] <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK --> }} | cinematography = [[Dan Laustsen]] | editing = Nathan Orloff | music = {{Plainlist| * [[Tyler Bates]] * Joel J. Richard }} | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Summit Entertainment]] * [[Thunder Road Films]] * [[87Eleven Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]] | released = {{Film date|2023|3|6|[[Odeon Luxe Leicester Square|London]]|2023|3|24|United States}} | runtime = 169 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2023 |title=''John Wick: Chapter 4'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/john-wick-chapter-4-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda4mdc3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318130851/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/john-wick-chapter-4-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda4mdc3 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |access-date=March 18, 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $100 million<ref name="Budget">{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Box Office Preview: ''John Wick 4'' Targets Huge $70 Million Opening Weekend |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/box-office-john-wick-4-opening-weekend-projection-record-1235561254/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323060018/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/box-office-john-wick-4-opening-weekend-projection-record-1235561254/amp/ |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=March 23, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | gross = $428.9 million<ref name=BOM>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10366206/?ref_=bo_se_r_2|title= John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 26, 2023|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10366206/?ref=bo_se_r_2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Numbers">{{cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/John-Wick-Chapter-4-(2023)#tab=box-office |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) - Financial Information |publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315003604/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/John-Wick-Chapter-4-(2023)#tab=box-office |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''John Wick:Chipatulo 4''' ni filimu yakufuma ku [[America]] ya mu 2023 yakulembeka na [[Chad]] Stahelski na Shay Hatten na Michael Finch. Mu filimu iyi muli Keanu Reeves, uyo ni munthu wakwamba, pamoza na Donnie Yen, Bill Skarsgård, Laurence Fishburne, Hiroyuki Sanada, Shamier Anderson, Lance Reddick, Rina Sawayama, Scott Adkins, Clancy Brown, na Ian McShane. Mu filimu iyi, John Wick wakukhumba kuwezgera nduzga pa ŵanthu awo ŵakamukoma. Mu Meyi 2019, Lionsgate yikapharazga vya filimu yacinayi ya John Wick. Iyi ni filimu yakwamba mu filimu iyi iyo yikalembeka na Derek Kolstad, ndipo Hatten wakalembeka mu mwezi wa Meyi 2020. Kuwoneska kwa filimu iyi kukachitika kufuma mu Juni m'paka Okutobala 2021. Zuŵa lakwamba la kufumiska la Meyi 21, 2021, likachedweskeka cifukwa ca nthenda ya COVID-19.<ref name="NewDate">{{Cite web |last=McNary |first=Dave |author-link=Dave McNary |date=May 1, 2020 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4,' 'The Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard' Get New Release Dates |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/lionsgate-hitmans-wifes-bodyguard-john-wick-chapter-4-1234595835/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501225824/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/lionsgate-hitmans-wifes-bodyguard-john-wick-chapter-4-1234595835/ |archive-date=May 1, 2020 |access-date=May 1, 2020 |website=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]}}</ref> John Wick: Chapter 4 yikamba pa Odeon Luxe Leicester Square ku London pa March 6, 2023, ndipo yikamba pa March 24 ku United States. Filimu iyi yikapokelereka na ŵanthu ŵanandi ndipo yikasanga ndalama zakujumpha $428 miliyoni pa charu chose. Pali filimu yacinkhondi iyo yikunozgeka. == Nkhani == <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, word count should be between 400 and 700 words. Word count 699 as of 20 April 2023. --> Mu msumba wa New York, John Wick wakunozgekera kuwezgera nduzga pa High Table uku wakubisama pasi pamoza na Bowery King. Wakaluta ku Morocco na kukoma Mulara, uyo "wakukhala pacanya pa thebulu". Pakuzgora, Marquis Vincent de Gramont, yumoza wa ŵantchito ŵa High Table, wakacema Winston, manejara wa hotelo ya New York Continental, na Charon, uyo wakaŵa mulinda wake. Marquis wakalongosora kuti High Table wamupako vinthu vyambura mphaka kuti wakome John Wick. Wakamususka Winston cifukwa ca kutondeka kukoma John. Pakuŵa cilango, Marquis wakamuwuskapo Winston pa udindo wake, wakamupharazga kuti "wakususkika", wakaparanya Continental, na kukoma Charon. Pamanyuma, Marquis wakakhumbanga kuti Caine, uyo ni munthu wakufwa maso, wakukoma ŵanthu, wakome mubwezi wake John. John wakabisama ku Osaka Continental, iyo yikendeskeka na mubwezi wake Shimazu Koji. Chidi, uyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa Marquis, pamoza na ŵaboma ŵa High Table na Caine, ŵakiza ku hotelo iyi kuti ŵakawone umo vinthu viliri. Mwana wa Koji, Akira, mulinda wa hotelo, wakafumamo mu hotelo pambere High Table "yindayipatulire", ndipo Koji na ŵanalume ŵake ŵakiza kuzakamuvikilira. John wakalimbana na ŵasilikari ŵanandi awo ŵakamukoma. "Bwana. Munthu munyake uyo wakakhumbanga kupenja njombe, wakadumulizga mbembe yawo na kovwira John kuti wachimbire. Koji uyo wapwetekeka, wakuwukira Caine mwakuwerezgawerezga; Caine wakukoma Koji na kuponoska Akira. John wakawelera ku New York ndipo wakakumana na Winston pa dindi la Charon. Winston wakaphalira John kuti wagwiliskirenge nchito kaluso ka ku High Table kuti wacite nkhondo na Marquis. Para John wangatonda mphindano, waŵenge wakufwatuka ku udindo wose uwo wali nawo, kweni wangapempha waka kuti waŵe yumoza wa ŵamunyumba ya vigeŵenga. Wakaluta ku likuru la gulu la vigeŵenga la Ruska Roma ku Berlin, uko wakaleka kukolerana nalo. Mudumbu wake wakulera, Katia, wakakhumbanga kuti John wakome Killa Harkan. John wakalimbana na Killa pa nyumba yake ya maseŵero. Caine na Mr. Palije uyo wakawovwira John kwimikana na ŵanthu ŵa Killa apo nkhondo yikambanga; John wakakoma Killa na kuwezgerapo udindo wake. Winston wakaphalira Marquis ivyo John wakayowoya. Pakuŵa'muteŵeti waciŵiri' wa John, Winston wakapempha kuti New York Continental yizengekeso, ndipo usange John watonda, iyo waŵengeso manejara. Ku Paris, John na Marquis ŵakudumbiskana umo ŵacitirenge nkhondo iyi. Ŵakudumbiskana vya futi pa zuŵa lakulondezgapo ku Sacré-Cœur. Marquis wakimika munthu munyake zina lake Caine kuti wanjire mu malo ghake; John na Winston ŵazamukomeka usange ŵiza yayi pa nyengo yakwenelera. Themba la ku Bowery likiza ku Paris kuzakapeleka kwa John futi na malaya ghaphya. Marquis wakakhumbanga kuti John waleke kufika pa nyengo ya nkhondo mwa kumupa ndalama zakukwana madola 26 miliyoni. John wakathereska ŵabendezi ŵanandi pa nthowa ya ku Sacré-Cœur, kusazgapo Mr. Palije uyo wangadumbiskana vya kukwezga njombe kufika pa $40 miliyoni. Apo ŵakadumbiskananga, John wakawovwira kuti Chidi waleke kukoma Mr. Ntcheŵe ya munthu waliyose yayi, yikupangiska Mr. Palije uyo wangamuleka John. Caine na Mr. Palije uyo wakawovwira John kuti waleke kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo Chidi, uyo Mr. Palije uyo wakukoma ŵanthu pa Rue Foyatier, ŵakufika pa pachanya pa phiri pa nyengo yakwenelera ya nkhondo. John na Caine ŵakakhuŵazgana mu vigaŵa viŵiri. Cingwe cacitatu cikamara apo Caine wakapweteka John. Pakukhumba kuti waŵe na mazaza gha kuwukira, Marquis wakasintha malo na Caine. Winston wakachenya Marquis cifukwa ca kujikuzga kwake, ndipo wakavumbura kuti John wandafumiskepo futi yacitatu. Muteŵeti wa Ciuta wakapeleka wanangwa kwa Caine na John, ndipo Winston wakawelera ku nchito. John wakati wawa pa makwelero, wakaghanaghanira za umoyo wake na nthengwa yake pambere wandafwe. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, apo ŵakawelera ku New York, Winston na Bowery King ŵakamuwonaso John pa dindi lake, ilo likaŵa pafupi na dindi la muwoli wake Helen. Mu cigaŵa ico cikati cajumphapo, Caine wakawelera ku Paris kuti wakakumane na mwana wake mwanakazi, kweni Akira uyo wakaŵa na mtima wa kuwezgera, wakaluta nayo. == Ŵatola mbali == <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK, SEE https://johnwick.movie/assets/img/common/rated.png --> * [[Keanu Reeves]] as [[John Wick (character)|John Wick]], a professional hitman and assassin who has gained a legendary reputation for his set of skills and is now hunted by the High Table.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=2023-03-26 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Annihilates 'Shazam 2' With $73.5M U.S. Box Office Opening |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-wick-chapter-4-box-office-shazam-1235360910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327170936/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-wick-chapter-4-box-office-shazam-1235360910/ |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Chris |date=2023-03-29 |title='We're Going to Do the Biggest Stair Fall You've Ever Seen' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/03/chad-stahelski-on-john-wick-chapter-4s-stairs-pratfall.html |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Vulture |language=en-us}}</ref> * [[Donnie Yen]] as Caine, a blind High Table assassin and an old friend of John Wick, who is forced out of retirement to kill John Wick to ensure the safety of his daughter. * [[Bill Skarsgård]] as the Marquis Vincent de Gramont, a powerful member of the High Table whose position is challenged by John Wick. * [[Laurence Fishburne]] as the Bowery King, a former underground crime boss who was left for dead by the High Table and is now sponsoring John Wick.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Carly |date=June 10, 2021 |title='John Wick 4': Laurence Fishburne Confirms His Return and Praises Sequel Script That Goes "Much Deeper" |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-4-cast-laurence-fishburne |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610184150/https://collider.com/john-wick-4-cast-laurence-fishburne/ |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |access-date=June 10, 2021 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Hiroyuki Sanada]] as Shimazu Koji, the manager of the Osaka Continental Hotel and an old friend of John Wick and Caine.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 15, 2022 |title=John Wick 4 Director Chad Stahelski Talks New Characters, Locations & the Future of the Franchise |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMTmbiRNtnk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209140631/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMTmbiRNtnk |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Shamier Anderson]] as Mr. Nobody / The Tracker, a bounty hunter pursuing Wick. * [[Lance Reddick]] as Charon, the concierge at the Continental Hotel in New York. * [[Rina Sawayama]] as Shimazu Akira, Koji's daughter and concierge of the Osaka Continental.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1423360829135761414|user=rinasawayama|title=🗡️AKIRA🗡️ #JohnWick4|last=Sawayama|first=Rina|author-link=Rina Sawayama}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=May 27, 2021 |title=Singer Rina Sawayama Tapped To Star Alongside Keanu Reeves In 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/rina-sawayama-star-john-wick-chapter-4-keanu-reeves-japanese-british-pop-star-1234765248/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527204726/https://deadline.com/2021/05/rina-sawayama-star-john-wick-chapter-4-keanu-reeves-japanese-british-pop-star-1234765248/ |archive-date=May 27, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Scott Adkins]] as Killa Harkan, the head of the German Table.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rivera |first=Damon |date=January 11, 2023 |title=Scott Adkins Says Keanu Reeves Gave Everyone Gifts On The Set Of John Wick: Chapter 4 |url=https://www.looper.com/1164648/scott-adkins-says-keanu-reeves-gave-everyone-gifts-on-the-set-of-john-wick-chapter-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171504/https://www.looper.com/1164648/scott-adkins-says-keanu-reeves-gave-everyone-gifts-on-the-set-of-john-wick-chapter-4/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Looper (website)|Looper]]}}</ref> Adkins, who wore a [[fat suit]] for the role, says his performance was inspired by a character in ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Mendelson|first1=Scott|title=‘John Wick 4’ Star Scott Adkins Says His Performance Was Inspired by ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark’|url=https://www.thewrap.com/scott-adkins-john-wick-keanu-reeves-interview/|magazine=[[The Wrap]]|date=March 23, 2023}}</ref> * [[Clancy Brown]] as the Harbinger, a high-ranking operative of the High Table.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Rourke |first=Ryan |date=November 10, 2022 |title=Here's Who Bill Skarsgård Plays in 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-4-bill-skarsgard-clancy-brown-shamier-anderson-characters-explained/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110175929/https://collider.com/john-wick-4-bill-skarsgard-clancy-brown-shamier-anderson-characters-explained/ |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> * [[Ian McShane]] as Winston Scott, the manager of the New York Continental Hotel and friend of John Wick.<ref name="mc">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Ian McShane To Return As Winston In 'John Wick: Chapter 4' |url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/john-wick-chapter-4-ian-mcshane-returning-1234793776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715180334/https://deadline.com/2021/07/john-wick-chapter-4-ian-mcshane-returning-1234793776/ |archive-date=July 15, 2021 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> <!-- ORDER PER BILLING BLOCK, SEE https://johnwick.movie/assets/img/common/rated.png --> [[Natalia Tena]] portrays Katia, John Wick's adoptive sister;<ref>{{cite web |last=Knolle |first=Sharon |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Keanu Reeves Is Back (Again) in First Look at 'John Wick 4' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/keanu-reeves-in-first-look-photo-of-john-wick-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111060456/https://www.thewrap.com/keanu-reeves-in-first-look-photo-of-john-wick-4/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Ben |date=November 10, 2022 |title=John Wick Chapter 4 Trailer Has Keanu Reeves Fighting Donnie Yen |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/john-wick-chapter-4-trailer-keanu-reeves-fights-donnie-yen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110201153/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/john-wick-chapter-4-trailer-keanu-reeves-fights-donnie-yen/ |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Consumer Media]]}}</ref> and [[Marko Zaror]] portrays Chidi, second-in-command of the Marquis de Gramont.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Arrow S. |date=April 1, 2023 |title=The Most Badass 'John Wick' Characters, Ranked |url=https://collider.com/most-badass-john-wick-characters-ranked/#chidi-marko-zaror |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> George Georgiou appears as the Elder, "the one who sits above the Table"; Georgiou portrays a different character than the one played by [[Saïd Taghmaoui]] in ''[[John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |author=Harvey Voices |date=November 11, 2022 |title=The official trailer for ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' has landed and we are thrilled to announce that George Georgiou will play The Elder.... |url=https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111105855/https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=Harvey Voices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1591019440820391936|user=HarveyVoices|title=We are beyond excited to announce that our very own @george_actor will play The Elder in #JohnWickChapter4 Click here for more info and to watch the official trailer: https://harveyvoices.co.uk/john-wick-chapter-4-george-georgiou/… #JW4 #KeanuReeves #voiceover #voiceovercasting|author=Harvey Voices}}</ref> [[Bridget Moynahan]] appears as John's late wife, Helen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutton |first=Robert |date=November 11, 2022 |title=Woah, John Wick 4 Trailer Teases A Massive Reveal About John's Family |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-trailer-high-table-family-tease/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> Sven Marquardt, an infamous German [[bouncer]], appears as a Ruska Roma member named Klaus.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barker |first1=Stephen |date=30 March 2023 |title=John Wick 4's Klaus Cameo Hides A Wild True Story |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-klaus-actor-cameo-true-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330193138/https://screenrant.com/john-wick-4-klaus-actor-cameo-true-story/ |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=screenrant.com |publisher=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunworth |first1=Liberty |date=28 March 2023 |title=Legendary Berghain bouncer Sven Marquardt makes cameo in 'John Wick 4' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/legendary-berghain-bouncer-sven-marquardt-makes-cameo-in-john-wick-4-3421800 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330115738/https://www.nme.com/news/film/legendary-berghain-bouncer-sven-marquardt-makes-cameo-in-john-wick-4-3421800 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=nme.com |publisher=[[NME]]}}</ref> Retired sumo wrestler [[Yoshinori Tashiro]] made an appearance as the Osaka Continental gatekeeper.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |script-title=ja:「ジョン・ウィック4」に“インドに漂着した力士”田代良徳が出演、真田広之と訓練中 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/434532 |access-date=7 April 2023 |publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> == Kupangika == === Kayendeskelo === Pa Meyi 20, 2019, Lionsgate yikapharazga vya John Wick: Chapter 4 kwizira mu "John Wick" service yawo ya kusinthiska malemba, na kulemba kuti, "Mwatumikira. Namovwirani. John Wick: Chaputara 4 yikwiza pa Meyi 21, 2021". Mu Ogasiti 2020, CEO wa Lionsgate, Jon Feltheimer, wakati: "Tili ŵakutangwanika kunozga malemba gha vigaŵa viŵiri vyakunthazi vya filimu ya John Wick. Tikugomezga kuti tizamuwoneseska kuti John Wick 4 na 5 vyalongosoreka mwakudumura para Keanu wazakaŵa na nyengo yakugwilira nchito kukwambilira kwa caka cikwiza".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneider |first=Jeff |date=August 6, 2020 |title='John Wick 5' Greenlit by Lionsgate; Will Be Shot Back-to-Back with 'John Wick 4' |url=https://collider.com/john-wick-5-filming-dates-details-john-wick-4-keanu-reeves/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072949/https://collider.com/john-wick-5-filming-dates-details-john-wick-4-keanu-reeves/ |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 6, 2020 |title='John Wick 5' Confirmed By Lionsgate; Sequel Will Be Shot Back To Back With Fourth Installment |url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/john-wick-5-confirmed-by-lionsgate-sequel-will-be-shot-back-to-back-with-fourth-installment-1203006611/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819230331/https://deadline.com/2020/08/john-wick-5-confirmed-by-lionsgate-sequel-will-be-shot-back-to-back-with-fourth-installment-1203006611/ |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en}}</ref> Pambere filimu yacitatu yindafumiskike, mulembi Chad Stahelski wakasimikizgira pa Reddit "AMA" kuti pakaŵa kudumbiskana za filimu yinyakhe, ndipo kuti wazamunjiramo mu mulimo uwu usange filimu yacitatu yikwenda makora. Nangauli ŵakayowoyapo kale, kweni pakaŵavya ukaboni wakuti Keanu Reeves wazamuweleraso. Ndipouli, wakaphalira GQ kuti walutilirenge kucita mulimo uwu mpaka apo ŵanthu ŵakukhumbira, wakati, "Mpaka apo malundi ghane ghakunitolera". Stahelski pamanyuma pake wakaseka filimu yacinayi mu nkhani na IndieWire mwa kuyowoya kuti Wick wazamumalizga yayi filimu yacinayi na "umaliro wakukondweska", wakati, "John wangapona pa vinthu vyose ivi kweni paumaliro wake, palije umaliro wakukondweska. Walije uko wangaluta. Nadi, nkhumuphalirani kuti, kasi mukukhumba kuti nileke wuli? Kasi ukughanaghana kuti wafumenge na kuluta ku mtunda? Wakakoma ŵanthu 300 ndipo sono wafumengepo waka. Kasi watemwenge waka mwanakazi munyake? Usange ndimwe munthu uyu, usange munthu uyu waliko, kasi zuŵa la munthu uyu lizamumara wuli? Wazamuŵa wakufwa umoyo wake wose. Ni nkhani ya nyengo". Kweniso, Stahelski wakaseka Winston mu filimu yacinayi, wakati, "Wakakhumbanga kumukoma. Kasi wakakhumbanga kumukoma? Ivi vingapulikikwa makora, mungaviwona mu nthowa ziŵiri, ndipo apa ndipo tikutorapo mafumbo ghanyake agho ghandazgoreke mu John Wick 4. Studio iyi yikasankha kuleka kulemba nkhani ya Derek Kolstad ndipo m'malo mwake yikagwira ntchito Shay Hatten kuti walembe script mu Meyi 2020. Mu Febuluwale, Stahelski wakatora Ricky Staub na Dan Walser kuti ŵamulembere filimu iyi pamanyuma pakuti wakakondwa na filimu yawo ya Concrete Cowboy. Mu Malichi 2021, ntchito yolemba zojambula zidaperekedwa kwa wolemba zojambula za Predators Michael Finch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Ben |date=March 22, 2021 |title=''John Wick 4'' and ''John Wick 5'' Will Not Be Written by Franchise Architect Derek Kolstad; ''The Continental'' Announcements Coming Soon |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/john-wick-4-and-5-writer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324182022/https://www.slashfilm.com/john-wick-4-and-5-writer/ |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2021 |website=[[/Film]]}}</ref> === Kalembelo === Shay Hatten na Michael Finch ndiwo ŵakalemba filimu iyi. Mu nkhani iyo wakalemba na magazini ya Looper, Finch wakati pakaŵa mafilimu ghanandi agho ghakamovwira kuti walembe makora. Iyo wakati: "Vinthu vinandi ivyo Chad wakalemba vikamba na mafilimu ghanyake, kwali ni Once Upon a Time in the West, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Bullitt, Dirty Harry, panji filimu ya Zatoichi". Donnie Yen wakwimira munthu uyo wakukoma ŵanthu wachibulumutira. Zina la munthu uyu ni Killa Harkan, ndipo wakuchemeka Killa Hakan, rapper wa ku Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2023 |title=Turkse acteur schittert in succesfilm "John Wick: Chapter 4" |url=https://www.dejongeturken.com/turkse-acteur-schittert-in-succesfilm-john-wick-chapter-4/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Uç |first=Hakan |date=April 24, 2023 |title=Latest: Turkish rap agenda in 'John Wick 4,' Killa Hakan |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/music/latest-turkish-rap-agenda-in-john-wick-4-killa-hakan |website=Daily Sabah}}</ref> === Kusankha ŵatoli mbali === Apo filimu yacinayi yikamanyikwanga, Reeves wakapharazga kuti wayamba kusambira vya John Wick 4 na Matrix Resurrections. Mu Meyi 2021, vikamanyikwa kuti Rina Sawayama wazamwamba kuwonekera mu filimu ya John Wick Chapter 4. Ŵakamusankha cifukwa nchito iyi yikakhumbikwiranga munthu uyo wakumanya kuvina, ndipo Stahelski wakawonapo mavidiyo ghake gha sumu za "XS" na "Bad Friend" izo zikulongosora kuvina na kurwa. Mwezi wakulondezgapo, Laurence Fishburne, Hiroyuki Sanada, Donnie Yen, Bill Skarsgård, Shamier Anderson, na Scott Adkins ŵakatoleka mu filimu iyi. Pakwamba, Sanada wakakhumbanga kuzakaŵa na Zero mu Mutu 3, kweni wakaleka kuzakaŵa mu Avengers: Endgame. Mu Julayi 2021, Lance Reddick wakimikika kuti wachitenge mulimo wa Charon, ndipo Ian McShane wakimikika kuti wachitenge mulimo wa Winston. Mu Ogasiti, Clancy Brown wakanjira mu gulu ili.<ref name="BrownCast">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 9, 2021 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Adds Clancy Brown |url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/john-wick-chapter-4-adds-clancy-brown-1234811844/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809230129/https://deadline.com/2021/08/john-wick-chapter-4-adds-clancy-brown-1234811844/ |archive-date=August 9, 2021 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> === Set design and weapons selection === Vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito pa filimu iyi, ŵakavisanga ku makampani agho ghakapanga vilwero ivi. De Gramont wakimika Caine uyo wakakhumbanga yayi kurwa nkhondo mu malo ghake mu nkhonya mwa kugwiliskira nchito Thompson/Center Contenders wa m'ma 1900. Themba la ku Bowery likati lafika ku Paris, likapeleka kwa John futi yakuchemeka Pit Viper. Apo filimu iyi yikambanga, munthu uyo wakuchemeka Caine wakulongora kuti wakugwiliskira ntchito ora la golide lakuzirwa la Carl F. Bucherer wali na cithuzithuzi ca mwana wake msungwana mukati mwa chibenekelero ca golide.<ref>"Carl F. Bucherer Pocket Watch - John Wick: Chapter 4". Watch-id.com. [https://www.watch-id.com/sightings/carl-f-bucherer-pocket-watch-john-wick-chapter-4] </ref> === Kujambula === Kujambura vithuzi kukamba pa June 28, 2021, pa ndalama zakukwana $100 miliyoni, ndipo kukachitika ku France, Germany, New York City, na [[Japan]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku France, kusazgapo Mulara wa Malo, ŵakayowoya kuti ku Paris kukaŵa "ku helo". Chifukwa chakuti ku Germany kukachedwa masabata ghaŵiri, Stahelski wakaŵa na nyengo yichoko yakuwonera Paris ndipo wakachitanga vinthu mwambura kwenelera na kusintha malo gha ku malo agha. Ŵakawoneskanga filimu iyi ku Luxembourg Gardens na Church of St. Eustache. Cigaŵa cakwamba ca filimu iyi cikaŵa mu "Chitempile ya La Défense" ku Paris. Nkhondo iyi yikamalira pa chiŵanja cha mlengalenga kufupi na Berlin. Kujambura filimu iyi kukamara pa Okutobala 27..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharf |first=Zack |date=2021-10-27 |title=Keanu Reeves Ended 'John Wick 4' Filming by Giving His Stunt Team the 'Best Wrap Gift Ever' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/10/keanu-reeves-gifts-john-wick-4-stunt-team-1234674884/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029071256/https://www.indiewire.com/2021/10/keanu-reeves-gifts-john-wick-4-stunt-team-1234674884/ |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en}}</ref> === Post-production === Stahelski described an early cut of ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' as "screwed" because the expanded [[worldbuilding]] of its title character and the introduction of new characters took 225 minutes of screen time. Editor Nathan Orloff performed more substantial cuts, reducing the film to 169 minutes.<ref name="Runtime" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemphill |first=Jim |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Why ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' Earns Its Almost 3-Hour Running Time |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/03/john-wick-4-running-time-explanation-1234821079/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322221901/https://www.indiewire.com/2023/03/john-wick-4-running-time-explanation-1234821079/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |access-date=March 22, 2023 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> The film was originally subtitled ''Hagakure'', to match ''Parabellum''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |date=March 27, 2023 |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 Had An Alternate Title To Match John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/john-wick-chapter-4-had-an-alternate-title-to-match-john-wick-chapter-3-parabellum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328012938/https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/john-wick-chapter-4-had-an-alternate-title-to-match-john-wick-chapter-3-parabellum |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> == Music == {{main|John Wick: Chapter 4 (soundtrack)}} [[Tyler Bates]] and Joel J. Richard return to compose the score for the film, after doing so for the previous three films. [[John Wick: Chapter 4 (soundtrack)|The soundtrack album]] was released by [[Lakeshore Records]] on March 24, 2023.<ref name="Soundtrack">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2023 |title='John Wick: Chapter 4' Soundtrack Album Details |url=https://filmmusicreporter.com/2023/03/21/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-album-details/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321203244/https://filmmusicreporter.com/2023/03/21/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-album-details/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=Film Music Reporter}}</ref> The movie features EDM tracks from widely-known artists in the genre, like [[Gesaffelstein]] and [[Justice (band)|Justice]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Songs and music featured in John Wick: Chapter 4 Soundtrack |url=https://www.tunefind.com/movie/john-wick-chapter-4-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052725/https://www.tunefind.com/movie/john-wick-chapter-4-2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=tunefind.com |publisher=tunefind.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sherlock |first1=Ben |date=March 26, 2023 |title=Every Song On The John Wick: Chapter 4 Soundtrack |url=https://screenrant.com/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052725/https://screenrant.com/john-wick-chapter-4-soundtrack-songs/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=screenrant.com |publisher=screenrant.com}}</ref> as well as [[Le Castle Vania]], whose work largely consisted of remixes of his work from John Wick and John Wick 2. Most of the artists featured in the soundtrack are French, and therefore fit with the majority of the third act of the movie taking place in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023) - Filming Locations |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10366206/locations |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=imdb.com |publisher=www.imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JOHN WICK 4: IN WHICH DISTRICTS OF PARIS WAS THE FILM SHOT? |url=https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/what-to-do-in-paris/cinema-series/articles/289770-john-wick-4-in-which-districts-of-paris-was-the-film-shot |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=www.sortiraparis.com |publisher=www.sortiraparis.com}}</ref> == Release == John Wick: Chapter 4 yikafuma pa Malichi 24, 2023. Lionsgate yikapharazga vya filimu iyi pa sabata yakwamba ya Parabellum, ndipo yikeneranga kufumiskika pa Meyi 21, 2021. Kumanyuma, pa Meyi 1, 2020, IndieWire wakavumbura kuti filimu yachinayi yikasunkhunyika mu Meyi 2022 chifukwa cha nthenda ya COVID-19 na maulamuliro gha Reeves ku The Matrix Resurrections, iyo yikeneranga kufumiskika pa zuŵa limoza na Wick 4. Stahelski wakati: "Matrix 4 yikaŵa kuti yakhala masabata ghanayi pera kufuma apo vyose ivi vikacitikira. Pamanyuma pake tikwenera kunozgekera kuti tizakambe. Ntheura mazuŵa gha kufumiskirako... ni njani wakumanya sono". Zuŵa la kufumiska filimu iyi likachedweskeka kufika pa Meyi 27, 2022, chifukwa cha nthenda ya COVID-19, ndipo pamasinda pa March 24, 2023, kuti ŵaleke kujumpha pa Top Gun: Maverick. Filimu iyi yikamba kuwonekera pa Odeon Luxe Leicester Square ku London pa March 6, 2023. Kweniso yikawonekeranga ku South by Southwest pa Malichi 13, 2023. Mu charu cha [[India]], filimu iyi ŵakayilemba mu Chihindi, Tamil, na Chitelugu. Chikafuma mu South Korea pa Epulero 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jang |first=Ah-reum |date=March 22, 2023 |title='존윅4' 4월12일 국내 개봉 확정…에펠탑 배경 아이맥스 포스터 공개 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006700204 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325144022/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006700204 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |access-date=March 24, 2023 |website=Naver |language=ko}}</ref> === Home media === ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' was released on digital May 23, 2023. The Blu-Ray, 4K UHD, and DVD are set to be released on June 13, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Wick: Chapter 4 DVD Release Date |url=https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/9566/john-wick-chapter-4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327073414/https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/9566/john-wick-chapter-4 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=DVDs Release Dates |language=en}}</ref> == Reception == === Box office === Kufika pa Meyi 25, 2023, John Wick: Chaputara 4 yili kusanga ndalama zakukwana madola 185.9 miliyoni mu United States na Canada, na madola 243 miliyoni mu vigaŵa vinyake, pa charu chose. Ku United States na Canada, John Wick: Chapter 4 yikaguliska ndalama zakukwana $6570 miliyoni kufuma ku malo ghakusinthaniramo 3,855 pa sabata yakwamba. Kanema uyu wakapanga ndalama zakukwana $29.4 miliyoni pa zuŵa lake lakwamba, kusazgapo $8.9 million kufuma ku viwonetsero vya pa Chinayi usiku, ndipo iyi ndiyo yikaŵa filimu yiwemi chomene mu filimu iyi. Chikaŵa na ndalama zakukwana madola 73.8 miliyoni, ndipo chikaŵa na ndalama zinandi chomene. Chikaŵaso chiphikiro chakwamba chomene ku Lionsgate na filimu yiliyose ya R-rated kufuma apo kukaŵa nthenda ya COVID-19 mu Malichi 2020. Pa nyengo iyi, iyi yikaŵa seŵero laciŵiri pa seŵero laciŵiri ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene, pamanyuma pa Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania. Kanema uyu wakapanga $28.3 miliyoni mu sabata yakwambilira (kupereŵera kwa 61.6%), wakamalizga wachiŵiri kuseri kwa Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves. Mu sabata yacitatu, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana $14.6 miliyoni, ndipo yikatora malo ghaciŵiri. Mafilimu. Kunja kwa United States na Canada, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana madola 64 miliyoni kufuma ku vyaru 71. Mu sabata yake yaciŵiri, John Wick: Chapter 4 yikasanga ndalama zakukwana 35 miliyoni mu vyaru 75. Mu sabata yachitatu, filimu iyi yikasanga ndalama zakukwana $21.5 miliyoni. Pa Epulero 16, 2023, vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na ndalama zinandi ni United Kingdom ($18 million), Germany ($16.9 million), Mexico ($13.7 million), Australia ($13.3 million) na CIS ($12.3 million) .<ref name="DHInt4thBO">{{cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |date=April 17, 2023 |title='Super Mario Bros' Jumps Higher With $693M WW Through Sunday, Will Barrel Past $700M Today; 'John Wick 4' Reaches Franchise-Best $350M – International Box Office |url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/super-mario-bros-movie-second-weekend-global-international-box-office-1235326157/ |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> === Critical response === Pa webusayiti ya Rotten Tomatoes, 94% ya ŵanthu 340 awo ŵakawonanga nkhani iyi ŵakayowoya viwemi. Pa webusayiti iyi pali fundo yakuti: "John Wick: Chaputara 4 yikulongosora vinandi chomene ndipo yikulongora kuti para Keanu Reeves wavwara makora ndipo wakukoma ŵalwani ŵake, palije icho chingamukwana". Ŵanthu awo ŵakafumbika na CinemaScore ŵakamupa filimu iyi "A" pa scale ya A+ mpaka F, apo awo ŵakafumbika na PostTrak ŵakamupa 93% ya viwemi. Frank Scheck wa ku The Hollywood Reporter wakalemba makora chomene filimu iyi, wakati "nkhuru, yiheni chomene, njakukhwima mtima, yitali, kweniso yili na vinthu vinandi ivyo munthu wangakwaniska yayi kuviwona. Tom Jorgensen wa IGN wakapa filimu iyi 10/10, wakayilongosora kuti ni "buku la mazuŵa ghano" ndipo "likuzura na vinthu vyakupambanapambana vya kulenga, vyakusanguluska na vyakusanguluska". Richard Roeper wa mu nyuzipepara ya Chicago Sun-Times wakapeleka nyenyezi zitatu pa zinayi, wakati: "Mu filimu iyi muli filimu yiwemi chomene ya maminiti 100, iyo yikulongora vinthu vyakofya ivyo vikuchitika mu galimoto. Richard Brody wa ku The New Yorker wakadandawura comene na filimu iyi, kweni wakawona kuti umaliro wake "wakukhozga comene, wacitima, wakukhozga, ndiposo wakukondweska". Charles Bramesco wa mu nyuzipepara ya The Guardian, wakapeleka nyenyezi ziŵiri pa nyenyezi zinkhondi, wakati: "Awo ŵakakondwa na filimu yakwamba cifukwa ca nkhongono zake, ŵakulindilira cinthu cinyake: cinthu cikuru comene ca filimu iyo yikukhumba kukoma cilicose kweni ŵana ŵake yayi". Liz Miller wakati wawona filimu iyi wakati: "Para nkhuwonelera John Wick: Chaputara 4, nyengo zinyake nkhujipulika nga nkhuwonelera filimu iyo yili na vigaŵa vinandi. Pa maora ghaŵiri na maminiti 49, maso ghinu ghazamuwoneka luŵiro para mwawona ivyo vikujumpha pa chiwawa. Kweni'mazuŵa ghachoko waka' ghakupanga 'filimu' yayi". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Liz Shannon |date=March 14, 2023 |title=In John Wick Chapter 4, Brilliant Fights Are Less Than the Sum of Their Punches: Review |url=https://consequence.net/2023/03/john-wick-chapter-4-review-keanu-reeves/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316184642/https://consequence.net/2023/03/john-wick-chapter-4-review-keanu-reeves/ |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=[[Consequence (magazine)|Consequence]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Accolades === At the [[2023 MTV Movie & TV Awards]], ''John Wick: Chapter 4'' received a nomination for [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordyke |first=Kimberly |date=May 7, 2023 |title=MTV Movie & TV Awards: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2023-winners-list-1235479868/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508014322/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2023-winners-list-1235479868/ |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Future == === Sequel === Mu 2023, CEO wa Lionsgate, Jon Feltheimer wakasimikizga kuti filimu yacinayi yikupangika pamoza na John Wick: Chapter 4. Nangauli pakwamba ŵakakhumbanga kuti filimu iyi yikwane pamoza na chigaŵa chachinayi, kweni mu Malichi 2021, Lionsgate ŵakasankha kuti ŵaleke kupanga. Mu 2019, Reeves wakayowoya kuti walutilirenge kupanga mafilimu ghakulondezgana, chikuru mafilimu agha ghakukondweska. Stahelski wakati: "Ine na Keanu tili kumalizga waka. Tipelekenge nyengo kuti John Wick wapumure. Nkhugomezga kuti studio yili na pulani. Usange ŵanthu wose ŵakukondwa na nkhani iyi, mbwenu tiŵenge chete". Apo filimu iyi yikafumanga, pakaŵavya nkhani yakuti paŵe filimu yacinayi, cifukwa cakuti Wick wakafwa mu Mutu 4. Stahelski wakayowoya kuti cifukwa ico iyo na Reeves ŵakalekera kupanga sequel yikaŵa cifukwa ca kukayikira nkhongono zake za "kupeleka vinthu viŵiri vyapadera". Pakwamba, Lionsgate yikakwiya na ivyo ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakaghanaghananga, kweni pamanyuma ŵakazomera. Nangauli Stahelski na Reeves ŵakaŵikapo mtima kuti Wick wazakaŵepo, kweni Joe Drake, pulezidenti wa Lionsgate, wakayowoyapo kuti pali mwaŵi wakuti paŵe filimu yacinayi chifukwa cha kupambana kwa Chapter 4. Mu Meyi 2023, ŵakasimikizga kuti Lionsgate yikunozga filimu yacinayi ya John Wick.<ref>https://comicbook.com/movies/news/john-wick-5-lionsgate-boss-confirms-development/?fbclid=IwAR01mQySTIKEKToawsw822jXpTPTZplt-I61bs9oCajO58PfB6LkmmUB12o&mibextid=Zxz2cZ</ref> === Spin-offs === Reeves na McShane ŵazamuŵaso na maudindo ghawo nga ni Wick na Winston mu filimu ya Ballerina, iyo yikulongosora vya John Wick. Kweniso pa TV paŵenge pulogiramu yinyake yakuchemeka The Continental: From the World of John Wick. Yen walongora kuti wakukhumba kupanga filimu yinyake yakuyowoya vya Caine..<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=March 27, 2023|title=Donnie Yen Talks 'John Wick 4,' a Possible Caine Spinoff and Quentin Tarantino's 'Cartoonish' Bruce Lee Depiction|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/donnie-yen-john-wick-4-caine-spin-off-quentin-tarantino-bruce-lee-1235565269/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327163239/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/donnie-yen-john-wick-4-caine-spin-off-quentin-tarantino-bruce-lee-1235565269/|archive-date=March 27, 2023|access-date=March 28, 2023|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> == Vinyake == {{notelist}} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Vyakulemba vinyake == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite web |last=Zuckerman |first=Esther |date=March 29, 2023 |title=A John Wick Action Scene, Step by Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/movies/john-wick-4-action-scene.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329181519/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/movies/john-wick-4-action-scene.html |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |access-date=April 1, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}} {{refend}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwalonks == * {{Official website|https://johnwick.movie/film/john-wick-4}} * {{IMDb title}} * {{Mojo title|johnwick4}} {{John Wick}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2020s American films]] [[Category:2020s English-language films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American neo-noir films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:Fictional representations of Romani people|Wick, John]] [[Category:Films directed by Chad Stahelski]] [[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]] [[Category:Films produced by Basil Iwanyk]] [[Category:Films scored by Tyler Bates]] [[Category:Films set in Berlin]] [[Category:Films set in Morocco]] [[Category:Films set in New York City]] [[Category:Films set in Osaka]] [[Category:Films set in Paris]] [[Category:Films set in Japan]] [[Category:Films shot in Berlin]] [[Category:Films shot in Japan]] [[Category:Films shot in Jordan]] [[Category:Films shot in New York City]] [[Category:Films shot in Paris]] [[Category:Films with screenplays by Shay Hatten]] [[Category:John Wick|4]] [[Category:Lionsgate films]] [[Category:Summit Entertainment films]] [[Category:Thunder Road Films films]] [[Category:English-language action thriller films]] jnss0bby5e8ypjrn1fgcf6c14ga9dsy 4 43595 120282 119943 2026-08-27T07:55:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 kncwiki 120282 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:95%; 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[[:lg:|Luganda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ha:|Hausa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ig:|Igbo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kai:|Karai-karai]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kg:|KiKongo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:knc:|Yerwa Kanuri]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ln:|Lingala]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rn:|Kirundi]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rw:|Ikinyarwanda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sn:|chiShona]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:st:|Sesotho]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:nso:|Sesotho sa leboa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sw:|Kiswahili]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ss:|SiSwati]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ts:|Xitsonga]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:tn:|Setswana]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ve:|Tshivenda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:xh:|isiXhosa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:yo:|Yorùbá]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:zu:|isiZulu]] </div> [[Category:Main Page templates]] </noinclude> dfhm8z4un3599fxyb7m9aozfzy133wz 120286 120285 2026-08-27T08:03:28Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 nywiki fix 120286 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:95%; padding-left:7px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left"> [[:bm:|Bamanankan]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:bol:|Bòo pìkkà]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; 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prime minister (2012–2013)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Hesham Qandil<br>{{small|{{lang|ar|هشام قنديل}}}} |image = Hesham Qandil.jpg |caption = Qandil mu 2012 |office = [[Prime Minister of Egypt]] |president = [[Mohamed Morsi]] |deputy = [[Mohamed Kamel Amr]] |term_start = 2 August 2012 |term_end = 8 July 2013 |predecessor = [[Kamal Ganzouri]] |successor = [[Hazem El Beblawi]] {{small|(Acting)}} |office1 = [[Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (Egypt)|Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation]] |primeminister1 = [[Essam Sharaf]]<br>[[Kamal Ganzouri]] |term_start1 = 21 July 2011 |term_end1 = 2 August 2012 |predecessor1 = Hussien Ehsan Al-Atfy |successor1 = [[Mohamed Bahaa Eldin]] |birthname = Hesham Mohamed Qandil |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|9|17}} |birth_place = [[Beni Suef]], [[Egypt]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |alma_mater = [[Cairo University]]<br>[[Utah State University]]<br>{{nowrap|[[North Carolina State University]]}} }} {{Mohamed Morsi}} '''Hesham Mohamed Qandil''' (also spelled: ''Hisham Kandil''; {{lang-ar|هشام محمد قنديل}} &nbsp;{{IPA-arz|heˈʃæːm mæˈħæmmæd ʔænˈdiːl|pron}}; born 17 September 1962) ni munjiniya wa ku Egypt ndipo ni wantchito wa boma uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Egypt kufuma 2012 mpaka 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/07/09/qandil-steps-down/|title=Qandil steps down|date=8 July 2013|work=Daily News Egypt|access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Qandil adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister ndi Purezidenti Mohamed Morsi pa 24 Julayi 2012 ndipo adalumbira pa 2 Ogasiti 2012. Qandil adagwiranso ntchito ngati Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2012.<ref name=Reuters24Jul>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-government-mursi-idUSBRE86N0HN20120724|title= Egypt's Mursi names little-known water minister as PM|last=Perry|first=Tom|date=24 July 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Reuters yikalemba kuti Qandil wakaŵa wantchito wa boma mu boma la Morsi, kweni ŵanthu ŵakamuwonanga kuti wangaŵa yayi nduna yikuru.<ref name=Reuters24Jul/> Qandil wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Egypt kufuma apo Gamal Abdel Nasser wakimikikira mu 1954.<ref name=bbcprofile>{{cite news|title=Profile: Egypt Prime Minister Hisham Qandil|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18977436|access-date=3 February 2013|work=BBC|date=3 August 2012}}</ref> Apo Mursi wakathereskeka na ŵasilikari, Qandil wakalutilira kuŵa nduna yikuru mpaka apo boma liphya likapangikira, ndipo pa 8 Julayi 2013 wakafumapo pa udindo wake kuti wakane ivyo ŵasilikari ŵakachita pakukoma ŵanthu 61 awo ŵakakhomanga ŵanthu pa ofesi ya ŵasilikari ŵa Republican Guard.<ref name=resignation>{{cite web |url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/2013/07/09/news/egypt-pm-qandil-addresses-resignation-to-morsi-slams-military-coup/ |title=Egypt PM Qandil addresses resignation to Morsi, slams military coup - the Journal of Turkish Weekly |access-date=2015-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531225844/http://www.turkishweekly.net/2013/07/09/news/egypt-pm-qandil-addresses-resignation-to-morsi-slams-military-coup/ |archive-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> Wakakakika pa 24 Disembala 2013 ndipo wakafwatulika myezi 7 pamanyuma pa 15 Julayi 2014 pamanyuma pakuti Khoti la Cassation lamulengere mulandu, ndipo likapokelera apilu wake na kulekeska mulandu wa chaka chimoza.<ref name=acquittal>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/africa/12833-qandil-egypt-faces-difficult-challenges-and-needs-justice|title=Qandil: Egypt faces difficult challenges and needs justice|work=Middle East Monitor|date=16 July 2014|access-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070625/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/africa/12833-qandil-egypt-faces-difficult-challenges-and-needs-justice|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=annul>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/106135/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-court-annuls-imprisonment-of-exPM-Hisham-Qan.aspx|title=Egypt court annuls imprisonment of ex-PM Hisham Qandil|publisher=Ahram Online|date=13 July 2014}}</ref> == Umoyo na masambiro == Qandil wakababika mu 1962.<ref>{{cite news|title=Profile: Egypt's new PM Hisham Kandil|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/48551/Egypt/Politics-/PROFILE-Egypts-new-PM-Hisham-Kandil-.aspx|access-date=24 December 2013|work=Al Ahram|date=24 July 2012}}</ref> Iyo wali na digiri ya bachelor mu engineering, iyo wakapokera ku Cairo University mu 1984. Mu 1988 wakasanga digiri ya masters pa masambiro gha ulimi wa maji ku [[Utah]] State University ndipo mu 1993 wakasanga digiri ya PhD pa masambiro gha [[sayansi]] ya vyamoyo na ulimi.<ref name=bbcprofile/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/mkkandil/ |title=NC State Alumnus Named Egyptian Prime Minister |date=25 July 2012 |work=North Carolina State University |access-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422183601/http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/mkkandil/ |archive-date=22 April 2014 }}</ref> ==Ntchito== Wati wamalizga masambiro ghake, mu 1985, Qandil wakamba kugwira nchito mu boma la Egypt. Mu 1995, wakapika mphotho ya pulezidenti chifukwa cha kovwira pa ulimi wa maji, ndipo kufuma mu 1999 m'paka mu 2005, wakaŵa mulara wa ofesi ya nduna ya vya maji.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/10268|title=Egypt's New Prime Minister: An Unusual Suspect|work=Al Akhbar English}}</ref><ref name=bbcprofile/> Wakagwira nawo nchito ya Nile Basin Initiative, wakaŵa muteŵeti wakuwona vya maji wa Joint Egyptian-Sudanese Water Authority, ndipo wakawovwirapo pakukhazikiska African Water Council. Wakaŵaso Mulara wa Vyakusangirapo Maji ku African Development Bank, nchito iyo wakagwira kwa vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza, kufuma mu 2004 mpaka kukwambilira kwa 2011. Wakati wawelera ku Eguputo, wakawovwira kuzenga caru ici. Mu 2011, wakasankhika kuŵa nduna ya vya maji na ulimi wa maji mu boma la Essam Sharaf.<ref name=bbcprofile/> == Nduna yikuru ya Egypt == Pa 24 Julayi 2012, Qandil adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister ndi Purezidenti Mohamed Morsi. Ŵapharazgi ŵa ku Arabia, kusazgapo The Majalla, ŵakakondwa comene na ivyo vikacitika. Pa 2 Ogasiti 2012, boma la Egypt likapangika na boma la ma technocrats, na vipani vichoko waka (Freedom and Justice Party, Al-Wasat Party, na Renaissance Party).<ref>{{cite news|title=Qandil cabinet presents final list of nominees to be sworn in|url=http://thedailynewsegypt.com/2012/08/02/qandil-cabinet-presents-final-list-of-nominees-to-be-sworn-in/|access-date=9 September 2012|newspaper=Daily News Egypt|date=2 August 2012|author=Luiz Sanchez|author2=Ahmed Aboul Enein}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hesham Qandil |url=http://egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2012/09/05/hesham-qandil |publisher=Carnegie Endowment |access-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225235128/http://egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2012/09/05/hesham-qandil |archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="tmajalla">{{cite news|last=Khojji|first=Zaynab|title=A Humble Prime Minister|url=http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/08/article55233530|access-date=3 February 2013|work=The Majalla|date=10 August 2012}}</ref> ===First Qandil Cabinet=== Nduna yakwamba ya Qandil yikaŵa na nduna 35, kusazgapo ŵa chipani cha Freedom and Justice Party, Al-Wasat Party, na Renaissance Party. ===Second Qandil Cabinet=== Pa 6 January 2013, nduna khumi mu nduna yoyamba ya Qandil anasintha. Mu wupu uwu muli maofesi gha nduna ya vya ndalama, maofesi gha chitukuko, maofesi gha vya mayendedwe, maofesi gha malango na maofesi gha maparamende, maofesi gha vya [[magesi]], maofesi gha vya mukati, maofesi gha vya katundu na vya umoyo, maofesi gha vya malo, maofesi gha vyamkuzi na maofesi gha za ndege. Pamanyuma pa kusinthika kwa nduna, chiŵelengero cha nduna izo zikaŵa za chipani cha Freedom and Justice Party chikakwera kufika pa 8 mu boma.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shalaby|first=Ethar|title=Ten new ministers take oath in Cabinet reshuffle|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/01/06/ten-new-ministers-take-oath-in-cabinet-reshuffle/|access-date=24 December 2013|newspaper=Daily News|date=6 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fouly|first=Mahmoud|title=Egypt's 10-minister cabinet reshuffle meets with opposition dissatisfaction|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-01/07/c_132084440.htm|access-date=24 December 2013|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=6 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127032951/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-01/07/c_132084440.htm|archive-date=27 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="EI6Jan">{{cite news|title=Details emerge on new ministers in Cabinet reshuffle|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/update-details-emerge-new-ministers-cabinet-reshuffle|access-date=24 December 2013|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=6 January 2013|agency=Al Masry Al Youm}}</ref> ===Cabinet Resignations=== Pa 1 July 2013, mamembara ghankhondi gha boma ghakafumapo; Hisham Zazou, nduna ya vya maulendo, Atef Helmi, nduna ya vya mauthenga, Hatem Bagato, nduna ya vya malango, Abdel Qawi Khalifa, nduna ya vya maji, na Khaled Abdel Aal, nduna ya vya malo. Mohamed Kamel Amr, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vyakuwaro, nayo wakaleka nchito. Nduna ya zamasewera, El Amry Farouk, adasiya ntchito pa 2 Julayi 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian sports minister resigns|url=http://www.aa.com.tr/en/rss/199837--egyptian-sports-minister-resigns|access-date=2 July 2013|work=Anadolu Agency|date=2 July 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/07/201371122823125310.html Egypt ministers resign amid unrest] ''Al Jazeera'' July 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/mohamed-kamel-amr-egypt-resignation-resigns_n_3531051.html Mohamed Kamel Amr, Egypt Foreign Minister, Reportedly Resign] ''The Huffington Post'' 1 July 2013</ref> ===Resignation=== {{see also|2013 Egyptian coup d'état}} Pa 3 July 2013, khoti la apilu ku Egypt likakolerana na ivyo khoti ili likadumura kuti Qandil waleke kugwira ntchito yake na kukakika kwa chaka chimoza chifukwa cha kuleka kupulikira ivyo khoti likadumura kuti likhazikiskeso kampani ya Tanta Flax and Oil Company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75629/Egypt/Politics-/Court-upholds-verdict-sacking-Morsis-PM-Qandil;-se.aspx|title=Court upholds verdict sacking Morsi's PM Qandil, sentencing him to prison|date=3 July 2013|work=Ahram Online|access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Pa zuŵa lenelira, ŵasilikari ŵakamuwuskapo Morsi pa udindo wake. Pa 8 July 2013, Prime Minister Qandil adasiya ntchito chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa ochita zionetsero 61 ndi asitikali ku likulu la Republican Guard. Pakwamba wakazomera kuti wakhalengepo pa udindo wake nga ni nduna ya boma mpaka apo boma liphya lizamunozgekera.<ref name=resignation/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madamasr.com/content/out-old|title=Out with the old|publisher=Mada Masr|date=8 July 2013|access-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725205919/http://www.madamasr.com/content/out-old|archive-date=25 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu mwezi wa Seputembala mu chaka cha 2013, khoti la ku Cairo likadumura kuti Qandil wakomeke ndipo wakakakika pa 24 Disembala mu chaka cha 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cairo court upholds ruling against ex-PM Hesham Qandil|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/82822/Egypt/Politics-/Cairo-court-upholds-ruling-against-exPM-Hesham-Qan.aspx|access-date=24 December 2013|work=Ahram Online|date=30 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="arrest">{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/89991.aspx|title=Egypt police arrest Morsi-era PM Hisham Qandil|date=24 December 2013|access-date=24 December 2013|work=Ahram Online}}</ref> Pa 13 July 2014, khoti la Cassation likapokelera apilu ya Qandil ndipo likawuskapo chilango chakuti wagwire jele kwa chaka chimoza, kumulekeska ntchito na kumupa ndalama zakukwana 2,000 Egyptian pounds ($285).<ref name=acquittal/><ref name=annul/> Pamanyuma ŵakamufumiska pa 15 July 2014.<ref name="release">{{cite web |date=15 July 2014 |title=Morsi's PM Hisham Qandil released |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/106318/Egypt/Politics-/Morsis-PM-Hisham-Qandil-released.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref> == Umoyo wake == Qandil wali kutengwa ndipo wali na ŵana ŵanakazi ŵankhondi.<ref name=tmajalla/> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist|33em}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwalo == {{Commons category-inline|Hesham Qandil}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=Hussien Ehsan Al-Atfy}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (Egypt)|Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation]]|years=2011–2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mohamed Bahaa Eldin]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Kamal Ganzouri]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Egypt]]|years=2012–2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Hazem El Beblawi]]<br>{{small|Acting}}}} {{s-end}} {{EgyptPMs}} {{Sharaf Cabinet (Egypt)|state=collapsed}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qandil, Hesham}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:21st-century prime ministers of Egypt]] [[Category:Cairo University alumni]] [[Category:North Carolina State University alumni]] [[Category:University of Utah alumni]] [[Category:People from Beni Suef Governorate]] [[Category:20th-century Egyptian engineers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime Ministers of Egypt]] [[Category:Qandil Cabinet]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]] [[Category:21st-century Egyptian engineers]] [[Category:Irrigation Ministers of Egypt]] 8bq6ce6pua678v84tqq4pnmjivz3je1 0 46754 120262 118882 2026-08-27T01:43:52Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 120262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|President of Syria from 2000 to 2024}} {{Family name hatnote|[[Al-Assad family|Assad]]|lang=Arabic}} {{Current related|date=December 2024|2=Fall of the Assad regime}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=June 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = Bashar al-Assad | native_name = {{nobold|بشار الأسد}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = Bashar al-Assad in May 2024.png | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Assad in 2024 | order = 19th | office = President of Syria | primeminister = {{clist|title=''See list''|[[Muhammad Mustafa Mero]]|[[Muhammad Naji al-Otari]]|[[Adel Safar]]|[[Riyad Farid Hijab]]|[[Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji]]|[[Wael Nader al-Halqi]]|[[Imad Khamis]]|[[Hussein Arnous]]|[[Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali]]}} | vicepresident = {{clist|title=''See list''| Abdul Halim Khaddam<br />(2000–2005)|[[Zuhair Masharqa]]<br />(2000–2006)|[[Farouk al-Sharaa]]<br />(2006–2014)|[[Najah al-Attar]]<br />(2006–2024)|[[Faisal Mekdad]]<br />(Sep–Dec 2024)}} | term_start = 17 July 2000 | term_end = 8 December 2024 | predecessor = {{ubl|[[Hafez al-Assad]]|[[Abdul Halim Khaddam]] (acting)}} | successor = | office1 = General Secretary of the [[Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Central Command]] of the [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] | deputy1 = {{ubl|[[Abdullah al-Ahmar]]|[[Hilal Hilal]]|[[Ibrahim al-Hadid]]}} | term_start1 = 24 June 2000 | term_end1 = 8 December 2024 | predecessor1 = Hafez al-Assad | successor1 = Ibrahim al-Hadid | birth_name = Bashar Hafez al-Assad | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|9|11}} | birth_place = [[Damascus]], [[Ba'athist Syria|Syrian Arab Republic]] | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | residence = {{ubl|[[Presidential Palace, Damascus|The People's Palace]], [[Damascus]] (until 2024)| [[Moscow]], Russia (since 2024)}} | party = [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] | otherparty = [[National Progressive Front (Syria)|National Progressive Front]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Asma al-Assad]]|2000}} | children = 3, including [[Hafez Bashar al-Assad|Hafez]] | father = [[Hafez al-Assad]] | mother = [[Anisa Makhlouf]] | relatives = [[al-Assad family]] | signature = Bashar al-Assad Signature.png | allegiance = Syria | branch = [[Syrian Armed Forces]] | serviceyears = 1988–2024 | rank = [[File:Syria Army - OF10.svg|15px]] [[Field marshal]] | unit = [[Republican Guard (Syria)|Republican Guard]] (until 2000) | commands = [[Syrian Armed Forces]] | battles = [[Syrian civil war]] | citizenship = | education = [[Damascus University]] ([[Medical degree|MD]]) }} {{Bashar al-Assad series}} {{Ba'athism sidebar}} '''Bashar al-Assad''' (wakababika pa 11 Seputembala 1965) ndi wandale wa ku Syria ndipo ndi msilikari uyo wakaba 19th president wa Syria kufuma 2000 mpaka kuwa kwa boma la Assad mu 2024. Apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, Assad wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Siriya kweniso wakaŵa mulembi wa ŵasilikari ŵa chipani cha Ba'ath. Iyo ni mwana wa Hafez al-Assad, uyo wakaŵa pulezidenti kufuma mu 1971 mpaka apo wakafwira mu 2000.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=September 2022 |title=Civilian Death Toll |url=https://snhr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305114908/https://snhr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/ |archive-date=5 March 2022 |website=SNHR}}</ref><ref name=":7">* {{Cite news|date=6 March 2023|title=Security Council Deems Syria's Chemical Weapon's Declaration Incomplete|work=United Nations: Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15220.doc.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314022057/https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15220.doc.htm|archive-date=14 March 2023}} * {{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fifth-review-conference-chemical-weapons-convention-eu-priorities-reinforce-convention_en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515121348/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fifth-review-conference-chemical-weapons-convention-eu-priorities-reinforce-convention_en |archive-date=15 May 2023 |website=European Union External Action}}</ref> M'ma 1980, Assad wakazgoka dokotala, ndipo kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1990 wakasambizganga vya maso ku London. Mu 1994, mukuru wake Bassel al-Assad wakafwa pa ngozi ya galimoto, ndipo Assad wakacemeka ku Syria kuti wakapokere udindo wa Bassel. Assad wakanjira sukulu ya usilikali na kwamba kulongozga ŵasilikari ŵa Siriya mu Lebanoni mu 1998. Pa 17 July 2000, Assad wakazgoka pulezidenti, ndipo wakawelera mu malo gha adada ŵake, awo ŵakafwa pa 10 June 2000.Vinthu vinandi ivyo vikacitika mu 2001-2002 vikawovwira kuti Damascus Spring yimare, nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga kuti vinthu viŵe palipose kweniso kuti paŵe demokilase.<ref name=":7" /> Ŵasayansi na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakulongosora kuti muwuso wa Assad ukaŵa wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti vinthu viŵayendere makora, ndipo boma la Syria likaŵa nga ni boma la ŵapolisi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakaŵasuzganga na kuŵatambuzga chomene. Apo boma la Assad likati ni la ŵanthu ŵa visopa vinyake yayi, ŵasayansi na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti boma ili likagwiliskiranga nchito ŵanthu ŵa visopa vinyake mu caru ici. Nangauli Asad wakahara mazaza na nkharo ya wiske, kweni ŵanthu ŵakamutemwanga yayi nga umo ŵakachitiranga ŵadada ŵake. Pa cifukwa ici, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu muwuso wa ŵawiske ŵakaleka nchito panji ŵakathereskeka, ndipo ŵamazaza ŵa mu muwuso ŵakasuskika na ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka ŵa fuko la Alawite. Mapulogiramu ghakwambilira gha Assad gha kuwunjikira chuma ghakawunjikira mpambano ndipo ghakawunjikira nkhongono ŵanthu ŵa ku Damascus awo ŵakagomezgekanga ku mbumba ya Assad, ndipo ghakaŵachimbizga ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi, mu misumba, ŵamalonda, ŵamalonda, na ŵanthu ŵa ku Ba'ath. Mu Febuluwale 2005, ŵanthu ŵa ku Lebanon ŵakacita nkhondo ya Cedar Revolution, iyo yikamba cifukwa ca kukoma Rafic Hariri, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya caru ca Lebanon.<ref name=":6" /> Mu 2011, United States, European Union, na vigaŵa vinandi vya Arab League vikacema Assad kuti wafumeko pa udindo wake cifukwa ca kuyuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhuŵiliranga mu nyengo ya Arab Spring. Nkhondo iyi yikoma ŵanthu pafupifupi 580,000, ndipo ŵanthu 306,000 awo ŵakafwa ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari yayi. Boma la Assad lapanga milandu yinandi ya nkhondo mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya chalo cha Syria, apo ŵasilikari ŵake ŵacita nkhondo zinandi na vilwero vya mankhwala (makamaka, bomba la sarin ku Ghouta pa 21 August 2013). Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu wa UN, ukayowoya kuti ivyo ukawona vikavumbura kuti Assad wali na mulandu wa nkhondo, ndipo boma la vyaru vinyake likamufumba na kumususka. Mu Novembala 2024, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Syria likawukira boma na chilato chakuti likhizge Assad. Pa Disembala 8, ŵasilikari ŵakugaluka ŵakati ŵanjira mu Damascus, Assad wakacimbilira ku Moscow ndipo boma la Russia likamupa ciphokwero. Pamanyuma pa zuŵa lenelira, ŵasilikari ŵakagalukira boma la Damaseko, ndipo boma la Assad likamara..<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 December 2024 |title=Syrian rebels topple President Assad, prime minister calls for free elections |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07/ |access-date=7 December 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2024 |title=Assad flees to Moscow after rebels take Syrian capital, Russian state media report |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-damascus-falls-to-rebels-1.7404700 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 December 2024|title=Syria's President Bashar al Assad is in Moscow and has been granted asylum, confirms Russian state media|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-175000548.html}}</ref> == Umoyo wakwamba, mbumba na masambiro == {{Further|Al-Assad family}} Bashar al-Assad wakababikira ku Damascus pa 11 September 1965, mwana wachiŵiri wa Anisa Makhlouf na Hafez al-Assad. Mu Ciarabu, zina lakuti "Al-Assad" likung'anamura kuti "nkhalamu". Ali al-Assad, uyo wakaŵa sekuru wa Assad, wakasintha zina lake kufuma pa kuŵa mulimi na kuŵa munthu wakuzirwa, ndipo mu 1927, wakasintha zina la mbumba yake kufuma pa "Wahsh" (kung'anamura kuti "Chikavu") na kuŵa "Al-Assad". Dada wa Assad, Hafez al-Assad, wakababikira mu mbumba yambura ndalama, iyo yikaŵa ya ku mizi ndipo yikaŵa ya chigaŵa cha Alawite. Hafez wakakwezga ŵanthu awo ŵakamulondezganga mu chipani cha Ba'ath, ndipo ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Alawite. Pamanyuma pa cipanduko ici, ŵasilikari ŵa Alawite ŵakamba kuwusa, ndipo ŵa Sunni, ŵa Druze, na ŵa Ismaili ŵakafumiskika mu gulu la ŵasilikari na gulu la Ba'ath. Muwuso wa ŵasilikari wa Hafez al-Assad wa vilimika 30, ukazgora Siriya kuŵa muwuso waciŵembu. Ndondomeko yiphya ya ndyali yikalongozgekanga na ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa ŵa gulu la Ba'ath, awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka comene ku mbumba ya Assad, ndipo ŵakalongozganga ŵasilikari, ŵasilikari ŵa boma, na ŵapolisi.<ref name="Allam, Saber 2019 26–27">{{Cite book |author1=Ashraf Allam |author2= Salah Saber |title=Assad's Survival: The Symbol Of Resisting The Arab Spring |publisher=Lamar |year=2019 |isbn=978-977-85412-3-6 |location=Alexandria, Egypt |pages=26–27 |chapter=The domestic structure of the regime}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cole |first=Robert |title=The Encyclopaedia of Propaganda |publisher=Routledge |year=2022 |isbn=9781317471981 |pages=760–761 |chapter=Syria}}</ref> Mubali Assad wakaŵa na ŵabali ŵake ŵankhondi, ndipo ŵatatu ŵali kufwa. Mudumbu munyake zina lake Bushra wakafwa apo wakaŵa bonda. Mudumbu wa Assad, Majd, wakaŵa munthu wakumanyikwa yayi, ndipo pali vinandi yayi ivyo tikumanya vya iyo padera pa fundo yakuti wakaŵa wakupendera maghanoghano, ndipo wakafwa mu 2009 pamanyuma pa "kulwara kwa nyengo yitali". Mwakupambana na ŵanung'una ŵake Bassel na Maher, na mudumbu wake Bushra, Bashar wakaŵa wakuzika, wakudemelera, ndipo wakakhumbanga yayi kunjira ndyali panji usilikari. Ŵana ŵa Assad ŵakatemwanga yayi kucezga na adada ŵawo, ndipo Bashar wakayowoya kuti wakanjira mu ofesi ya adada ŵake kamoza pera apo ŵakaŵa pulezidenti. Munthu munyake uyo wakasambiranga nayo ku yunivesite wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa na soni, wakakhumbanga yayi kulaŵiskana na munthu, ndipo wakayowoyanga mwakuzika. Assad wakasambira sukulu ya pulayimale na sekondare ku sukulu ya Al-Hurriya ku Damascus. Mu 1982, wakamalizga masambiro gha ku sekondare ndipo wakasambira udokotala pa yunivesite ya Damascus.{{sfn|Leverett|2005|p=59}} == Medical career and rise to power == [[File:Basil assad.JPG|thumb|upright=0.95|Chithunzithunzi cha Bassel al-Assad (1962–1994), mubali mulara wa Bashar, uyo pakwamba wakakhumbikwiranga kuzakatora malo gha ŵawiske pa udindo wa pulezidenti wa Syria, kweni wakafwa pa ngozi ya galimoto mu 1994.]] Mu 1988, Assad wakamalizga masambiro ghake gha udokotala ndipo wakamba kugwira nchito ya udokotala ku chipatala cha Tishrin ku Damascus. Pakati pajumpha vilimika vinayi, wakasamira ku London kuti wakambe masambiro gha ku chipatala cha Western Eye. Mu nyengo iyo wakaŵa ku London, ŵanthu ŵakamuzunuranga kuti ni "munthu wakucita vya makompyuta". Bashar wakaŵa na vilato vichoko waka vya ndyali, ndipo adada ŵake ŵakasambizganga Bassel, mukuru wa Bashar kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa caru. Mu 1994, Bassel wakafwa pa ngozi ya galimoto, ndipo nyengo yicoko waka, Bashar wakacemeka kuti wakambe usilikari. Boma likamba kuphalira ŵanthu kuti Bashar ni "chigomezgo cha ŵanthu wose" kuti ŵalutilire kuwusa mu muwuso wa Assad. Ŵakati ŵafwa waka, Hafez al-Assad wakasankha Bashar kuti ndiyo waŵe themba. Kwa vyaka 6 na hafu, mpaka apo wakafwira mu 2000, Hafez wakanozganga Bashar kuti wapokere mazaza. General Bahjat Suleiman, uyo wakaŵa msilikari mu gulu la ŵasilikari, wakapika mulimo wa kulongozga kunozgekera kuti vinthu viŵe makora, ndipo mulimo uwu ukachitika mu vigaŵa vitatu. Cakwamba, ŵasilikari na ŵasilikari ŵakamovwira comene Bashar. Caciŵiri, ŵanthu ŵakamba kumumanya makora Bashar. Paumaliro, Bashar wakamanyikwa makora umo boma likwendera.<ref name="Ladno">{{cite news|title=Ladno.ru|script-title=ru:Асад Башар : биография|trans-title=Bashar Assad: A Biography|url=http://www.ladno.ru/person/asad/bio/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018150441/http://ladno.ru/person/asad/bio/|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=23 September 2011|newspaper=Ladno|language=ru}}</ref> Kuti waŵe msilikari, Bashar wakaluta ku sukulu ya usilikali ku Homs mu 1994 ndipo wakaluta ku gulu la ŵasilikari la Syrian Republican Guard mu Janyuwale 1999. Kuti Bashar waŵe na mazaza pa ŵasilikari, ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa ŵakaŵachimbizga kuti ŵaleke kunjira usilikari, ndipo ŵapya, ŵawukirano, ŵasilikari ŵa chigaŵa cha Alawite awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka kwa Bashar ndiwo ŵakanjira m'malo mwawo. Mu 1998, Bashar wakatora udindo wa Syria ku Lebanon, uwo kufuma mu 1970 ukaŵa wa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti Abdul Halim Khaddam, uyo m'paka pa nyengo iyi wakaŵa kuti wangakhumbikwira kuŵa pulezidenti. Pakwamba kulamulira ku Lebanon, Bashar wakathereska Khaddam na kukhazikiska boma lake ku Lebanon. Mu chaka chenechichi, pamanyuma pa kudumbiskana na ŵanthu ŵa ndyali ŵa ku Lebanoni, Bashar wakimika Emile Lahoud, uyo wakaŵa mubwezi wake wakugomezgeka, kuŵa pulezidenti wa ku Lebanoni ndipo wakathereska Rafic Hariri, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya ku Lebanoni. Kuti watimbanizge boma la Syria ku Lebanon, Bashar wakasora Rustum Ghazaleh, uyo wakakhala kwa nyengo yitali nga ni High Commissioner wa Syria ku Lebanon, Ghazi Kanaan.{{sfn|Blanford|2006|p=88}} Kuyana waka na ntchito yake ya usilikari, Bashar wakachitanga ntchito za boma. Wakapika mazaza ghanandi ndipo wakazgoka mulara wa ofesi yakupokelera madandaulo na mapemphero gha ŵantu, ndipo wakalongozga kampeni yakulimbana na vimbundi. Chifukwa cha kampeni iyi, ŵanandi awo ŵangaŵa ŵakususkana na Bashar pakuŵa pulezidenti ŵakazengeka mulandu chifukwa cha vimbundi. Bashar wakazgokaso Pulezidenti wa wupu wa ŵamakompyuta ŵa ku Syria ndipo wakawovwira kuti paŵe intaneti ku Syria, ndipo ivi vikamovwira kuti ŵawoneke kuti ni munthu uyo ​​wakusintha vinthu mazuŵa ghano ndiposo wakusintha vinthu. Ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka ŵa Ba'athist mu chipani, ŵasilikari na gulu la Alawite ŵakakhozgeranga Bashar al-Assad, ndipo ivi vikamovwira kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa ŵawiske.<ref name="facing down rebellion">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10338256 |title=Syrian President Bashar al-Assad: Facing down rebellion |work=BBC News |date=21 October 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411120901/https://www.bbc.com/news/10338256 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Presidency == {{Main|Presidency of Bashar al-Assad}} === Early leadership (2000–2011) === [[File:TlassBashar.webp|thumb|Pa nyengo iyo, Nduna ya Chitetezo Mustafa Tlass pamoza na Bashar al-Assad, pa 1 Ogasiti 2000. Pamanyuma Tlass na mwana wake Manaf Tlass ŵakafumapo pa gulu ili pamanyuma pakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Syria ŵasintha boma.]] [[File:AlAsssad2004 militaryuniform.jpg|thumb|Assad mu 2004]] Hafez al-Assad wakati wafwa pa 10 June 2000, Constitution ya Syria yikasinthika. Ŵakachepeska vyaka vya munthu uyo wangaŵa pulezidenti kufuma pa 40 kufika pa 34, apo Bashar wakaŵa pa nyengo iyo. Asad ndiyo yekha wakakhalapo pa mpikisano uwu ndipo pa 10 Julayi 2000, wakazomerezgeka kuŵa pulezidenti. Mwakuyana na udindo wake wa pulezidenti wa Syria, wakasoleka kuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Syria kweniso kuŵa mulembi wa chipani cha Ba'ath. Pa vyaka 7 vilivyose kukaŵanga visankho ndipo Assad ndiyo wakawusanga. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwona umo vinthu viliri pa caru ŵakuwona kuti ivyo vikucitika pa visora ni vyautesi ndipo ŵakususka ŵakuvilekeska. Masankho ghaŵiri ghaumaliro agho ghakachitika mu 2014 na 2021 ghakachitikira mu vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa mu mawoko gha boma la Syria.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |date=28 May 2014 |title=Syrians in Lebanon battle crowds to vote for Bashar al-Assad |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/28/syrians-lebaanon-vote-assad-embassies-refugees-boycott |access-date=9 November 2017 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320122744/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/28/syrians-lebaanon-vote-assad-embassies-refugees-boycott |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news |date=16 July 2014 |title=Bashar al-Assad sworn in for a third term as Syrian president |website=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10970476/Bashar-al-Assad-sworn-in-for-a-third-term-as-Syrian-president.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10970476/Bashar-al-Assad-sworn-in-for-a-third-term-as-Syrian-president.html |archive-date=11 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Kossaify">{{Cite news |last=Kossaify |first=Ephrem |date=22 April 2021 |title=UN reiterates it is not involved in Syrian presidential election |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1846771/%7B%7B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422181511/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1846771/middle-east |archive-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> ==== Damascus Spring ==== {{See also|Damascus Spring}} Wakati wamba waka kuwusa, gulu linyake lakucemeka Damascus Spring, ilo likalongozgekanga na ŵalembi, ŵanthu ŵavinjeru, ŵakususka, na ŵanthu ŵakutemwa vinthu vyautesi, likacita vinthu mwamahara, ndipo ŵakamalizga kujalira jele la Mezzeh na kufumiska ŵakayidi ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa mu gulu la Muslim Brotherhood. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵakambaso kutimbana na ŵasilikari, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti vinthu viŵe nga ni umo vikaŵira ku Damascus mu nyengo ya chiwuvi. Ŵanandi ŵakaŵakora, kuŵatimba, kuŵatumizga ku wuzga, panji kuŵakaka, ndipo boma likalutilira kuŵapa wanangwa wa kuyowoya. Vinthu ivyo ŵakacita pakwamba vikawelerapo kuti ŵalutilire kuŵa na mazaza pa vinthu, ndipo boma likakanizga mulimo wa Damascus Spring na chilato chakuti "ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana kweniso ŵakhazikike". Ndondomeko ya boma ya "kukolerana pa vinthu vya ŵanthu na vya malonda" yikazgoka chimanyikwiro cha vimbundi, ndipo awo ŵakakolerananga na Assad ndiwo ŵakasanganga chandulo. Maofesi ghanandi ghakakanizgika, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵavinjeru ŵakakoleka na ŵapolisi ŵa Mukhabarat, ŵakakomeka na kutambuzgika. Ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti ivyo boma likalayizga pakwamba vikaŵa vigaŵa vya nthowa iyo boma likagwiliskiranga nchito kuti lisange Ŵasiriya awo ŵakakolerananga yayi na boma liphya. Pa ulendo wa nduna yikuru ya Britain Tony Blair ku Syria mu Okutobala 2001, Bashar wakususka pakweru kuwukira kwa United States ku Afghanistan pa ungano wa wupu wa ŵapharazgi, wakati "tikutondeka kuzomera ivyo tikuwona zuŵa lililose pa TV kwithu - kukomeka kwa ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu. Ŵanandi ŵakufwa zuŵa lililose". Pa ungano uwu, Asad wakalumba gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Palestina kuti ni "ŵasilikari awo ŵakurwa nkhondo ya wanangwa" ndipo wakasuska Israyeli na vyaru vya ku [[Europe]]. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la Britain ŵakayowoya kuti ivyo Assad wakacitanga pakusopa vikaŵa vyakukolerana yayi na ŵanthu ŵanyake. Ŵakatenge wakususka ivyo vikacitika pa Seputembala 11, ndipo wakuzomerezga kuti boma la Israyeli ndakuzomerezgeka. Pamanyuma pa vilengo vya pa 11 Seputembala, ndipo pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya ku America ya kulimbana na vigeŵenga, "Syria yikaŵa yimoza mwa vyaru ivyo CIA yikagwiliskiranga nchito pa nkhondo yakwimikana na al-Qaeda", ndipo "makhaliro na unandi wa uthenga uwo ukafumanga ku Syria [ukaŵa] ukuru comene kuluska ivyo CIA yikaghanaghananga". 8] Syria yikakolerana chomene na CIA pakukaka ŵanthu na kuŵafumba mafumbo. Mu majele gha ku Syria ndimo mukaŵanga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo CIA yikaŵapharazgiranga kuti mba al-Qaeda. Kuyana na lipoti la 2013 la gulu la Open Society Foundations, ku Syria ndiko kukaŵanga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakagwiranga nchito ya CIA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/05/cia-rendition-countries-covert-support|title=CIA rendition: more than a quarter of countries 'offered covert support': Report finds at least 54 countries co-operated with global kidnap, detention and torture operation mounted after 9/11 attacks|last=Cobain|first=Ian|date=5 February 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 October 2024|archive-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519103259/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/05/cia-rendition-countries-covert-support|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Killing of Rafic Hariri and Cedar Revolution ==== {{See also|Assassination of Rafic Hariri|Cedar Revolution|Syrian occupation of Lebanon}} {{quote box|"It will be [[Emile Lahoud|Lahoud]].. opposing him is tantamount to opposing [[Assad dynasty|Assad]] himself.. I will break [[Lebanon]] over your head and over [[Walid Jumblatt]]'s head. So you had better return to [[Beirut]] and arrange the matter on that basis." | source = — Assad's threats to [[Rafic Hariri]] in August 2004, over the issue of tenure extension of Syrian ally Emile Lahoud<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coughlin |first=Con |title=Assad: The Triumph of Tyranny |url=https://archive.org/details/assadtriumphofty0000conc |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-5290-7490-1 |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/assadtriumphofty0000conc/page/80 80]–97 |chapter=5: First Blood}}</ref> | align = right | width = 25em }} [[File:Hariri Scene-of-crime View-from-east.jpg|thumb|left|The crime-scene in [[Beirut]] where Hariri and 21 others were killed in a terrorist attack in February 2005. The area was cordoned off to conduct an international investigation.]] On 14 February 2005, [[Rafic Hariri]], the former prime minister of Lebanon, was [[Assassination of Rafic Hariri|assassinated]] in a massive truck-bomb explosion in [[Beirut]], killing 22 people. ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' reported that "Syria was widely blamed for Hariri's murder. In the months leading to the assassination, relations between Hariri and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad plummeted amid an atmosphere of threats and intimidation."<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0214/Rafik-Hariri-In-Lebanon-assassination-reverberates-10-years-later |title=Rafik Hariri: In Lebanon, assassination reverberates 10 years later |journal=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=20 April 2015 |date=14 February 2015 |archive-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420011320/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0214/Rafik-Hariri-In-Lebanon-assassination-reverberates-10-years-later |url-status=live }}</ref> Bashar promoted his brother-in-law [[Assef Shawkat]], a key figure suspected of orchestrating the terrorist attack, as the chief of [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate]] immediately after Hariri's death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2012 |title=Comeback kid of Assad regime was a feared figure |work=Sydney Morning Herald |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/comeback-kid-of-assad-regime-was-a-feared-figure-20120719-22d5g.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721080802/https://www.smh.com.au/world/comeback-kid-of-assad-regime-was-a-feared-figure-20120719-22d5g.html |archive-date=21 July 2012}}</ref> [[File:Cedar Revolution Demonstrators.jpg|thumb|Protesters take to the streets during Lebanon's "Independence Intifada", also known as the [[Cedar Revolution]].]] The killings caused massive uproar, triggering an ''[[intifada]]'' in [[Lebanon]] and hundreds of thousands of protestors poured on the streets to demand total withdrawal of Syrian military forces. After mounting international pressure that called Syria to implement the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559|UNSC Resolution 1559]], Bashar al-Assad declared on 5 March that he would order the departure of Syrian soldiers. On 14 March 2005, more than a million [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] protestors – Muslims, Christians, and Druze – demonstrated in Beirut, marking the monthly anniversary of Hariri's murder. UN Resolution 1595, adopted on 7 April, sent an [[Assassination of Rafic Hariri#Investigation|international commission]] to investigate the assassination of Hariri. By 5 May 2005, United Nations had officially confirmed the total departure of all Syrian soldiers, ending the 29-year old [[Syrian occupation of Lebanon|military occupation]]. The uprisings that occurred in these months came to be known as Lebanon's "independence intifada" or the "[[Cedar Revolution]]".<ref>Rudy Jaafar and [[Maria Stephan|Maria J. Stephan]]. (2009). "Lebanon's Independence Intifada: How an Unarmed Insurrection Expelled Syrian Forces", in Maria J. Stephan (ed.), ''Civilian Jihad: Nonviolent Struggle, Democratization, and Governance in the Middle East'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.&nbsp;169–185.</ref> UN investigation commission's report published on 20 October 2005 revealed that high-ranking members of [[Syrian intelligence]] and [[Assad family]] had directly supervised the killing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2005 |title=UN Harīrī probe implicates Syria |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4362698.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107092900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4362698.stm |archive-date=7 November 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=John Kifner |author2= Warren Hoge |date=21 October 2005 |title=Top Syrian Seen as Prime Suspect in Assassination |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/21/world/middleeast/top-syrian-seen-as-prime-suspect-in-assassination.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529190850/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/21/world/middleeast/top-syrian-seen-as-prime-suspect-in-assassination.html |archive-date=29 May 2015 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehlis |first=Detlev |date=19 October 2005 |title=Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1595 (2005) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/21_10_05_mehlisreport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051021233807/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/21_10_05_mehlisreport.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2005 |journal=}}</ref> The [[BBC]] reported in December 2005 that "Damascus has strongly denied involvement in the car bomb which killed Hariri in February".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4519346.stm |title=Middle East – New Hariri report 'blames Syria' |access-date=20 April 2015 |date=11 December 2005 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326082247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4519346.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Pratibha Devisingh Patil and the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh at the ceremonial reception of the President of Syrian Arab Republic, Dr. Bashar al – Assad and his wife Mrs. Asma al-Assad, in New Delhi on June 18, 2008.jpg|thumb|Assad with Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] in New Delhi, India, 18 June 2008]] On 27 May 2007, Assad was [[2007 Syrian presidential election|approved for another seven-year term]] in a referendum on his presidency, with 97.6% of the votes supporting his continued leadership.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm |title=Syria |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121022641/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2007 |title=Syria's Assad wins another term |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6700021.stm |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=5 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505061141/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6700021.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 May 2007 |title=Democracy Damascus style: Assad the only choice in referendum |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/28/syria.ianblack |access-date=9 October 2016 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420124315/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/28/syria.ianblack |url-status=live }}</ref> Opposition parties were not allowed in the country and Assad was the only candidate in the referendum.<ref name="CBS %">Klatell, James (27 May 2007). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syrians-vote-in-presidential-referendum/ "Syrians Vote in Presidential Referendum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406134454/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syrians-vote-in-presidential-referendum/ |date=6 April 2017 }}. CBS News.</ref> Syria's opposition parties under the umbrella of [[Damascus Declaration]] denounced the elections as illegitimate and part of the regime's strategy to sustain the "[[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] system".<ref name="WaPo %2">{{cite news |date=28 May 2007 |title=Syrians Vote For Assad in Uncontested Referendum |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |location=Damascus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/27/AR2007052701117.html |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511075416/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/27/AR2007052701117.html |archive-date=11 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Reuters %2">{{Cite news |last=Yacoub Oweis |first=Khaleb |date=17 May 2007 |title=Syria's opposition boycotts vote on Assad |work=[[Reuters]] |location=Damascus |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-vote-opposition-idUSOWE75174320070517 |access-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406134644/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-vote-opposition-idUSOWE75174320070517 |archive-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> Elections in Syria are officially designated as the event of "renewing the pledge of allegiance" to the [[Assad dynasty|Assads]] and voting is enforced as a compulsory duty for every citizen. Announcement of the results are followed by pro-government rallies conducted across the country extolling the regime, wherein citizens declare their "devotion" to the President and celebrate "the virtues" of the Assad dynasty.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Klatell |first=James |date=27 May 2007 |title=Syrians Vote in Presidential Referendum |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syrians-vote-in-presidential-referendum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406134454/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syrians-vote-in-presidential-referendum/ |archive-date=6 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Black |first=Ian |date=28 May 2007 |title=Democracy Damascus style: Assad the only choice in referendum |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/28/syria.ianblack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406134014/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/28/syria.ianblack |archive-date=6 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chulov |first=Martin |date=13 April 2014 |title=The one certainty about Syria's looming election – Assad will win |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/apr/13/certainty-syria-election-assad-will-win |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621100122/https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/apr/13/certainty-syria-election-assad-will-win |archive-date=21 June 2017}}</ref> Syria began developing a covert [[Syria and weapons of mass destruction#Nuclear program|nuclear weapons programme]] with assistance of [[North Korea]] during the 2000s, but its suspected [[nuclear reactor]] was destroyed by the [[Israeli Air Force]] during [[Operation Orchard|Operation Outside the Box]] in September 2007.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=The Silent Strike |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/09/17/the-silent-strike |url-status=live |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118235708/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/09/17/the-silent-strike |archive-date=18 November 2017 |access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="ifimes.org">{{Cite web |title=Syria: Between oppression and freedom |url=https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410215253/https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |website=Ifimes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2008 |title=N.Koreans may have died in Israel raid in Syria: NHK |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-syria/n-koreans-may-have-died-in-israel-raid-in-syria-nhk-idUSL271480120080428 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424091316/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-syria/n-koreans-may-have-died-in-israel-raid-in-syria-nhk-idUSL271480120080428 |archive-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> === Syrian Civil War (2011–2024) === ==== Leadership until 2015 ==== {{See also|Arab Spring|2011 Syrian Revolution|Syrian civil war|Sanctions against Syria}} [[File:Syrian Demonstration Douma Damascus 08-04-2011.jpg|thumbnail|Anti-Assad demonstrations in [[Douma, Syria|Douma]], 8 April 2011]] [[Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War|Protests in Syria]] began on 26 January 2011 following the [[Arab Spring]] protests that called for political reforms and the reinstatement of civil rights, as well as an end to the [[state of emergency]] which had been in place since 1963.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/2011/02/201129135657367367.html |title=Q&A: Syrian activist Suhair Atassi |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=9 February 2011 |access-date=13 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212112539/http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/2011/02/201129135657367367.html |archive-date=12 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> One attempt at a "day of rage" was set for 4–5 February, though it ended uneventfully.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41400687 |title='Day of rage' protest urged in Syria |work=[[NBC News]] |date=3 February 2011 |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913054615/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41400687 |url-status=live }}</ref> Protests on 18–19 March were the largest to take place in Syria for decades, and the Syrian authority responded with violence against its protesting citizens.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/middleeast/19syria.html |title=In Syria, Crackdown After Protests |work=The New York Times |date=18 March 2011 |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322061301/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/middleeast/19syria.html |archive-date=22 March 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In his first public response to the protests delivered on 30 March 2011, Assad blamed the unrest on "conspiracies" and accused the Syrian opposition and protestors of seditious "''[[Fitna (word)|fitna]]''", toeing the party-line of framing the [[Ba'athist Syria|Ba'athist state]] as the victim of an international plot. He also derided the [[Arab Spring]] movement, and described those participating in the protests as "germs" and [[Fifth column|fifth-columnists]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sadiki |first1=Larbi |title=Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring |last2=Abbas |first2=Akeel |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-415-52391-2 |location=New York |pages=412, 413 |chapter=31: Deconstructing Despotic Legacies in the Arab Spring|quote=In the nearly 50-minute speech, President al-Assad gave his interpretation to the protests in Syria and other Arab countries, almost mocking the Arab Spring, invoking the outside regional and international conspirators and their inside 'agents' as the evil 'them'.. Resorting to conspiratorial attribution to explain the 'real' reasons behind the protests in Syria, al-Assad bestowed a pathological inevitability on the actions of political opposition, where the oppressive political system he heads turns into a noble victim, recipient of foreign illnesses. [Assad speech] "Conspiracies are like germs: They procreate at every moment everywhere; they cannot be annihilated, but the immunity of the body can be strengthened against them." … dissent loses its political meaning, or moral justification, acquiring 'othering' essence when the president places it in the dismissive context of the 'fitna'.}}</ref><ref name="Farge">{{Cite news |last=Farge |first=Emma |date=28 June 2022 |title=War has killed 1.5% of Syria's population: UN estimate |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-civilian-death-toll-over-306000-since-2011-un-2022-06-28/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628101243/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-civilian-death-toll-over-306000-since-2011-un-2022-06-28/ |archive-date=28 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="ohchr.org">{{Cite web |title=UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701075327/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Ohchr.org}}</ref> {{quote box|"Throughout the speech, al-Assad remained faithful to the basic ideological line of [[neo-Ba'athism|Syrian Baathism]]: the binary opposition of a devilishly determined, conspiring 'outside' bent on hurting a heroically defending and essentially good 'inside'... consistent with [[Baathist]] dualism, [the speech] makes the sparing, if not grudging, mention of supposedly minor dissent in this 'inside'. This dissent loses its political meaning, or moral justification, acquiring 'othering' essence when the president places it in the dismissive context of the '''fitna'''... Following this hard-line speech, the protesters' demands moved from reforming to overthrowing the regime."| source = — Professor Akeel Abbas on Assad's first public speech after the outbreak of [[2011 Syrian Revolution|Syrian Revolution protests]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sadiki |first1=Larbi |title=Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring |last2=Abbas |first2=Akeel |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-415-52391-2 |location=New York |pages=412, 413 |chapter=31: Deconstructing Despotic Legacies in the Arab Spring}}</ref> | align = right | width = 25em }} The U.S. imposed limited sanctions against the Assad government in April 2011, followed by [[Barack Obama]]'s executive order as of 18 May 2011 targeting Bashar Assad specifically and six other senior officials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Administration Takes Additional Steps to Hold the Government of Syria Accountable for Violent Repression Against the Syrian People |url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1181.aspx |work=[[United States Department of the Treasury]] |access-date=18 May 2011 |quote=Today, President Obama signed an Executive Order ([[s:Executive Order 13573|E.O. 13573]]) imposing sanctions against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and six other senior officials of the Government of Syria in an effort to increase pressure on the Government of Syria to end its use of violence against its people and to begin a transition to a democratic system that protects the rights of the Syrian people. |archive-date=22 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522122023/http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1181.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ussanct>{{cite news |title=How the U.S. message on Assad shifted |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/how-the-us-message-on-assad-shifted/2011/08/18/gIQAfPZxNJ_blog.html |access-date=23 November 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=18 August 2011 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415104022/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/how-the-us-message-on-assad-shifted/2011/08/18/gIQAfPZxNJ_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Oweis |first=Khaled Yacoub |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on Syria's Assad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-idUSLDE73N02P20110518 |access-date=12 March 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=18 May 2011 |quote=The U.S. move, announced by the Treasury Department, freezes any of the Syrian officials' assets that are in the United States or otherwise fall within U.S. jurisdiction and generally bars U.S. individuals and companies from dealing with them. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518111248/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/18/us-syria-idUSLDE73N02P20110518 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 May 2011, the EU foreign ministers agreed at a meeting in Brussels to add Assad and nine other officials to a list affected by travel bans and asset freezes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13500395 |work=BBC News |title=EU imposes sanctions on President Assad |date=23 May 2011 |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401032222/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13500395 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 24 May 2011, Canada imposed sanctions on Syrian leaders, including Assad.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13533833 |work=BBC News |title=Canada imposes sanctions on Syrian leaders |date=24 May 2011 |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402085604/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13533833 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 20 June, in response to the demands of protesters and international pressure, Assad promised a national dialogue involving movement toward reform, [[2012 Syrian parliamentary election|new parliamentary elections]], and greater [[Civil and political rights|freedoms]]. He also urged [[refugee]]s to return home from Turkey, while assuring them [[amnesty]] and blaming all unrest on a small number of saboteurs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Speech of H.E. President Bashar al-Assad at Damascus University on the situation in Syria |url=http://sana.sy/eng/337/2011/06/21/pr-353686.htm |date=21 June 2011 |agency=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525170047/http://sana.sy/eng/337/2011/06/21/pr-353686.htm |archive-date=25 May 2012}}</ref> [[File:Anti-government protest in Assi square of Hama.ogg|right|thumb|275px|Hundreds of thousands of anti-Assad protesters parade the Syrian flag and shout the [[Arab Spring]] slogan [[Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam]] (''the people want to bring down the regime!'') in the Assi square, during the [[Siege of Hama (2011)|Siege of Hama]], 22 July 2011.]] In July 2011, U.S. Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] said Assad had "lost legitimacy" as president.<ref name="ussanct"/> On 18 August 2011, Barack Obama issued a written statement that urged Assad to "step aside".<ref name=mustgo>{{cite news |title=Assad must go, Obama says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/assad-must-go-obama-says/2011/08/18/gIQAelheOJ_story.html |access-date=23 November 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=18 August 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513065624/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/assad-must-go-obama-says/2011/08/18/gIQAelheOJ_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/assad-must-go-the-world-unites-against-syria-s-tyrant-2340307.html|title=Assad must go: the world unites against Syria's tyrant|work=[[The Independent]]|date=19 August 2011|access-date=25 November 2024|archive-date=18 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118232120/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/assad-must-go-the-world-unites-against-syria-s-tyrant-2340307.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=whstatem>[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/08/18/president-obama-future-syria-must-be-determined-its-people-president-bashar-al-assad President Obama: "The future of Syria must be determined by its people, but President Bashar al-Assad is standing in their way."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123020409/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/08/18/president-obama-future-syria-must-be-determined-its-people-president-bashar-al-assad |date=23 January 2017 }} The White House website, 18 August 2011.</ref> In August, the cartoonist [[Ali Farzat]], a critic of Assad's government, was attacked. Relatives of the humourist told media outlets that the attackers threatened to break Farzat's bones as a warning for him to stop drawing cartoons of government officials, particularly Assad. Farzat was hospitalised with fractures in both hands and blunt force trauma to the head.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nour Ali |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/25/syria-cartoonist-ali-ferzat-beaten |title=Syrian forces beat up political cartoonist Ali Ferzat |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=4 March 2012 |date=25 August 2011 |location=London |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419133157/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/25/syria-cartoonist-ali-ferzat-beaten |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Syrian-Activists-Anti-Regime-Cartoonist-Attacked-Beaten-128385448.html |title=Prominent Syrian Cartoonist Attacked, Beaten |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203183255/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Syrian-Activists-Anti-Regime-Cartoonist-Attacked-Beaten-128385448.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since October 2011, Russia, as a [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent member]] of the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]], repeatedly [[United Nations Security Council veto power|vetoed]] Western-sponsored draft resolutions in the UN Security Council that would have left open the possibility of UN sanctions, or even military intervention, against the Assad government.<ref name=guardunlegit>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/russian-vetoes-putting-un-security-council-legitimacy-at-risk-says-us |title=Russian vetoes are putting UN security council's legitimacy at risk, says US |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 January 2016 |date=23 September 2015 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517013841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/russian-vetoes-putting-un-security-council-legitimacy-at-risk-says-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Itar-Tass27-1-12">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-russia-idUSTRE80Q0I620120127 |title=Russia won't back U.N. call for Syria's Assad to go |date=27 January 2012 |access-date=12 January 2016 |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128064627/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/27/us-syria-russia-idUSTRE80Q0I620120127 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39935 Russia and China veto draft Security Council resolution on Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629175424/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39935 |date=29 June 2017 }} UN website, 4 October 2011.</ref> By the end of January 2012, it was reported by [[Reuters]] that over 5,000 civilians and protesters (including armed militants) had been killed by the Syrian army, security agents and militia ([[Shabiha]]), while 1,100 people had been killed by "terrorist armed forces".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/syria-idINDEE7BC00720111213 |work=Reuters |title=Syria death toll hits 5,000 as insurgency spreads |date=13 December 2011 |author=Khaled Yacoub Oweis |access-date=5 July 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807040746/https://in.reuters.com/article/syria-idINDEE7BC00720111213 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 10 January 2012, Assad gave a speech in which he maintained the uprising was engineered by foreign countries and proclaimed that "victory [was] near". He also said that the [[Arab League]], by suspending Syria, revealed that it was no longer Arab. However, Assad also said the country would not "close doors" to an Arab-brokered solution if "national sovereignty" was respected. He also said a referendum on a new constitution could be held in March.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16483548 |work=BBC News |title=Syria's Assad blames 'foreign conspiracy' |date=10 January 2012 |access-date=10 January 2012 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402193447/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16483548 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Bombed out vehicles Aleppo.jpg|thumb|Destroyed vehicle on a devastated [[Aleppo]] street, 6 October 2012]] On 27 February 2012, Syria claimed that a proposal that a new constitution be drafted received 90% support during the [[2012 Syrian constitutional referendum|relevant referendum]]. The referendum introduced a fourteen-year cumulative term limit for the president of Syria. The referendum was pronounced meaningless by foreign nations including the U.S. and Turkey; the EU announced fresh sanctions against key regime figures.<ref>{{cite news |author=Martin Chulov |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/27/syria-bashar-al-assad |title=Syria claims 90% of voters backed reforms in referendum |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=4 March 2012 |date=27 February 2012 |location=London |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517014625/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/27/syria-bashar-al-assad |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2012, Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] denounced Western powers for what he said amounted to blackmail thus provoking a civil war in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3646362.ece |title=Russia backs Assad as fighting in Damascus escalates |date=17 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |first=Atul |last=Aneja |location=Chennai |access-date=17 July 2012 |archive-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018150440/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3646362.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 July 2012, the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] declared Syria to be in a state of civil war,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18849362 |work=BBC News |title=Syria in civil war, Red Cross says |date=15 July 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012 |archive-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620110230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18849362 |url-status=live }}</ref> as the nationwide death toll for all sides was reported to have neared 20,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/22/syria-death-toll-tops-19000 |newspaper=The Guardian |title=Syrian death toll tops 19,000, say activists |date=22 July 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012 |location=London |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517014621/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/22/syria-death-toll-tops-19000 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 January 2013, Assad, in his first major speech since June, said that the conflict in his country was due to "enemies" outside of Syria who would "go to Hell" and that they would "be taught a lesson". However, he said that he was still open to a political solution saying that failed attempts at a solution "does not mean we are not interested in a political solution."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/06/world/meast/syria-civil-war/?hpt=hp_t1 |title=Al-Assad: Enemies of Syria 'will go to hell' |work=CNN |date=6 January 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019103510/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/06/world/meast/syria-civil-war/?hpt=hp_t1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Listening Post |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/liveblog/topic/syria-153 |title=Syrian Live Blog |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=6 January 2012 |access-date=25 January 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071334/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/liveblog/topic/Syria-153 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2014, Assad renewed his third term of presidency after voting process conducted in pro-regime territories which were boycotted by the opposition and condemned by the [[UN|United Nations]].<ref name="theguardian.com"/><ref name="telegraph.co.uk"/><ref name="Kossaify"/> According to [[Joshua Landis]]: "He's (Assad) going to say: 'I am the state, I am Syria, and if the West wants access to Syrians, they have to come through me.'"<ref name="telegraph.co.uk"/> After the fall of four military bases in September 2014,<ref name="AssadWeak">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625865-bashar-assad-may-be-weaker-he-thinks-tough-bowing |title=Bashar Assad may be weaker than he thinks |newspaper=The Economist |date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |quote=In Latakia and Tartus, two coastal cities near the Alawite heartland, posters of missing soldiers adorn the walls. When IS took over four government bases in the east of the country this summer, slaughtering dozens of soldiers and displaying some of their heads on spikes in Raqqa, IS's stronghold, families started to lose faith in the government. A visitor to the region reports hearing one man complain: 'We're running out of sons to give them.' |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019131748/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625865-bashar-assad-may-be-weaker-he-thinks-tough-bowing |url-status=live }}</ref> which were the last government footholds in the [[Raqqa Governorate]], Assad received significant criticism from his Alawite base of support.<ref name="Dissent2014">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-dissent-idUSKBN0GW2GQ20140901 |last1=Dziadosz |first1=Alexander |last2=Heneghan |first2=Tom |title=Pro-government Syrian activist arrested after rare public dissent |work=Reuters |access-date=23 September 2014 |date=September 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204007/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/01/us-syria-crisis-dissent-idUSKBN0GW2GQ20140901 |url-status=live }}</ref> This included remarks made by Douraid al-Assad, cousin of Bashar al-Assad, demanding the resignation of the Syrian Defence Minister, [[Fahd Jassem al-Freij]], following the massacre by the [[Islamic State]] of hundreds of government troops captured after the IS victory at [[Battle for Tabqa Air base|Tabqa Airbase]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-military-idUKKBN0HD0LW20140918 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419222514/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-military-idUKKBN0HD0LW20140918 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2018 |last=Westhall |first=Syliva |title=Assad's army stretched but still seen strong in Syria's war |work=Reuters |access-date=23 September 2014|date=18 September 2014 }}</ref> This was shortly followed by Alawite protests in [[Homs]] demanding the resignation of the governor,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kurdish-fighters-group-nearing-syrian-town-25911163 |last1=Hadid |first1=Diaa |title=Activists Say Assad Supporters Protest in Syria |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |agency=Associated Press |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002102336/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kurdish-fighters-group-nearing-syrian-town-25911163 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the dismissal of Assad's cousin [[Hafez Makhlouf]] from his security position leading to his subsequent exile to Belarus.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/change-leadership-damascus-syria-regime.html |title=Assad dismisses security chief of powerful 'Branch 40' |first1=Jean |last1=Aziz |publisher=Al Monitor |date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |archive-date=18 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018101938/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/change-leadership-damascus-syria-regime.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Growing resentment towards Assad among Alawites was fuelled by the disproportionate number of soldiers killed in fighting hailing from Alawite areas,<ref name="BurySons">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrias-alawites-pay-heavy-price-bury-sons-26598184 |title=Syria's Alawites Pay Heavy Price as They Bury Sons |first1=Diaa |last1=Hadid |agency=Associated Press |date=1 November 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031172047/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrias-alawites-pay-heavy-price-bury-sons-26598184 |url-status=live }}</ref> a sense that the Assad regime has abandoned them,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-homs-blast-idUSL5N0SO3GI20141029 |title=Car bomb wounds 37 in government-held area of Syria's Homs |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=9 November 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924210033/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/29/mideast-crisis-homs-blast-idUSL5N0SO3GI20141029 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as the failing economic situation.<ref name="AlawitesVoice">{{cite news |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/syria-tartous-alawites-pro-regime-protests.html |title=Alawites find their voice against Assad |publisher=Al Monitor |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 |archive-date=2 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102024626/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/syria-tartous-alawites-pro-regime-protests.html? |url-status=live }}</ref> Figures close to Assad began voicing concerns regarding the likelihood of its survival, with one saying in late 2014; "I don't see the current situation as sustainable ... I think Damascus will collapse at some point."<ref name="AssadWeak" /> [[File:Syrian civil war 01 12 2015.png|thumb|Military situation in December 2015]] In 2015, several members of the Assad family died in [[Latakia]] under unclear circumstances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11518232/In-Syrias-war-Alawites-pay-heavy-price-for-loyalty-to-Bashar-al-Assad.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11518232/In-Syrias-war-Alawites-pay-heavy-price-for-loyalty-to-Bashar-al-Assad.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=In Syria's war, Alawites pay heavy price for loyalty to Bashar al-Assad |work=The Daily Telegraph |last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=7 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 14 March, an influential cousin of Assad and founder of the [[shabiha]], Mohammed Toufic al-Assad, was assassinated with five bullets to the head in a dispute over influence in [[Qardaha]]{{snd}}the [[ancestral home]] of the Assad family.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-14/290802-assad-relative-assassinated-in-syria-activists.ashx |title=Assad relative assassinated in Syria: activists |work=The Daily Star |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=15 March 2015 |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531205717/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-14/290802-assad-relative-assassinated-in-syria-activists.ashx |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2015, Assad ordered the arrest of his cousin Munther al-Assad in Alzirah, Latakia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/syria-bashar-al-assad-arrests-own-cousin-munther-kidnapping-links-1496410 |title=Syria: Bashar al-Assad arrests own cousin Munther 'for kidnapping links' |last1=Alajlan |first1=Anas |work=International Business Times |date=14 April 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417073648/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/syria-bashar-al-assad-arrests-own-cousin-munther-kidnapping-links-1496410 |url-status=live }}</ref> It remains unclear whether the arrest was due to actual crimes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0421/Can-Syria-s-Assad-withstand-latest-battlefield-setbacks-video |title=Can Syria's Assad withstand latest battlefield setbacks? (+video) |work=The Christian Science Monitor |last=Blanford |first=Nicholas |date=21 August 2015 |access-date=22 April 2015 |archive-date=21 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621060446/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0421/Can-Syria-s-Assad-withstand-latest-battlefield-setbacks-video |url-status=live }}</ref> After a string of government defeats in northern and southern Syria, analysts noted growing government instability coupled with continued waning support for the Assad government among its core Alawite base of support,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/flash-points-syria-assad-losing-power/ |title=Flash Points: Is Syria's Assad losing power? |work=CBS News |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=2 May 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |quote='a lot of suspicion within the regime itself about who's doing what and if folks are leaving.' [...] 'These are signs that I think demonstrate a bit of weakness and instability in the regime that you haven't seen in recent months,' he said. He cites the waning support from the nation's minority Alawite community as one of these important shifts. |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504064305/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/flash-points-syria-assad-losing-power/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and that there were increasing reports of Assad relatives, Alawites, and businessmen fleeing Damascus for Latakia and foreign countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.655153 |title=Syrian rebel victories stretch Assad's forces |work=Haaretz |last1=Harel |first1=Amos |last2=Cohen |first2=Gili |last3=Khoury |first3=Jack |date=6 May 2015 |access-date=6 May 2015 |quote=There have also been increasing reports of Assad relatives, businessmen and high-ranking members of the Alawite community fleeing Damascus for the coastal city of Latakia, or other countries, after transferring large sums of money to banks in Lebanon, eastern Europe and the United Arab Emirates. |archive-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018150440/http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.655153 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gulfnews.com/opinion/time-to-reconsider-life-after-al-assad-1.1507735 |title=Time to reconsider 'Life after Al Assad' |work=Gulf News |last=Karkouti |first=Mustapha |date=9 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2015 |quote=[The] reality on the ground can't be more clear as the population in the regime-controlled parts of Syria are preparing for life after the Al Assad dynasty. According to information received by this author, many businessmen and financiers who flourished under the regime have successfully moved huge amounts of money and capital to neighbouring Lebanon. Some of these funds are now known to have been secretly deposited in Europe.}}</ref> Intelligence chief [[Ali Mamlouk]] was placed under house arrest sometime in April and stood accused of plotting with Assad's exiled uncle [[Rifaat al-Assad]] to replace Bashar as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11596142/Bashar-al-Assads-spy-chief-arrested-over-Syria-coup-plot.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11596142/Bashar-al-Assads-spy-chief-arrested-over-Syria-coup-plot.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Bashar al-Assad's spy chief arrested over Syria coup plot |work=The Daily Telegraph |last1=Sherlock |first1=Ruth |last2=Malouf |first2=Carol |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |quote=Mamlouk had also used a businessman from Aleppo as an intermediary to contact Rifaat al-Assad, Bashar's uncle, who has lived abroad exile since he was accused of seeking to mount a coup in Syria in the 1980s.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Further high-profile deaths included the commanders of the Fourth Armoured Division, the Belli military airbase, the army's special forces and of the First Armoured Division, with an errant air strike during the [[Palmyra offensive (May 2015)|Palmyra offensive]] killing two officers who were reportedly related to Assad.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaileh |first=Salameh |url=http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2015/5/22/the-syrian-regime-is-slowly-being-liquidated |title=The Syrian regime is slowly being liquidated |website=Al-Araby Al-Jadeed |date=22 May 2015 |access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref> ==== After Russian intervention (from 2015) ==== {{See also|Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war|Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war}} [[File:Ali Khamenei and Bashar al-Assad05.jpg|thumb|Bashar al-Assad meets with Iran's supreme leader [[Ali Khamenei]], 25 February 2019.]] [[File:Sergey Shoigu and Bashar al-Assad (2017-09-12).jpg|thumb|Assad with former Russian defense minister [[Sergei Shoigu]], 9 September 2017]] On 4 September 2015, when prospects of Assad's survival looked bleak, Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] said that Russia was providing the Assad government with sufficiently "serious" help: with both logistical and military support.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oliphant|first1=Roland|last2=Loveluck|first2=Louisa|date=4 September 2015|title=Vladimir Putin confirms Russian military involvement in Syria's civil war|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11845635/Vladimir-Putin-confirms-Russian-military-involvement-in-Syrias-civil-war.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11845635/Vladimir-Putin-confirms-Russian-military-involvement-in-Syrias-civil-war.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Naylor|first=Hugh|date=4 September 2015|title=Putin says Syria's president is ready for elections, compromise|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|location=Beirut|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-says-syrias-president-is-ready-for-elections-compromise-with-rebels/2015/09/04/9dfa818b-92c2-4012-b956-1784189b8ab7_story.html|access-date=11 October 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Borshchevskaya 2022 69–88">{{Cite book |last=Borshchevskaya |first=Anna |title=Putin's War in Syria |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-7556-3463-7 |location=London |pages=69–88 |chapter=6: The Military Campaign }}</ref> Shortly after the start of [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|direct military intervention by Russia]] on 30 September 2015 at the formal request of the Syrian government, Putin stated the military operation had been thoroughly prepared in advance and defined Russia's goal in Syria as "stabilising the legitimate power in Syria and creating the conditions for political compromise".<ref name="goalstabilis">{{cite news |url=http://www.interfax.ru/russia/472593 |script-title=ru:Путин назвал основную задачу российских военных в Сирии |agency=[[Interfax]] |date=11 October 2015 |language=ru |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221040027/http://www.interfax.ru/russia/472593 |url-status=live }}</ref> Putin's intervention saved the Assad regime at a time when it was on the verge of a looming collapse. It also enabled Moscow to achieve its key geo-strategic objectives such as total control of Syrian airspace, naval bases that granted permanent martial reach across the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] and easier access to intervene in [[Libya]].<ref name="Borshchevskaya 2022 69–88"/> In November 2015, Assad reiterated that a diplomatic process to bring the country's civil war to an end could not begin while it was occupied by "terrorists", although it was considered by [[BBC News]] to be unclear whether he meant only [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]] or Western-supported rebels as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34867215 |title=Syria crisis: Assad says no transition while 'terrorists' remain |newspaper=BBC News |date=19 November 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133244/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34867215 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 November, Assad said that within two months of its air campaign Russia had achieved more in its fight against ISIL than the [[American-led intervention in Syria|U.S.-led coalition]] had achieved in a year.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://kommersant.ru/doc/2860324 |script-title=ru:ВКС РФ за два месяца добились большего прогресса в Сирии, чем альянс США за год |trans-title=Russian air force have in two months achieved more progress in Syria that the U.S. alliance in a year |magazine=Kommersant |date=22 November 2015 |access-date=22 November 2015 |language=ru |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415104020/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2860324 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with [[Czech Television]] on 1 December, he said that the leaders who demanded his resignation were of no interest to him, as nobody takes them seriously because they are "shallow" and controlled by the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rozhovor s Bašárem Asadem|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/10997918455-mimoradne-porady-ct24/215411034000172-rozhovor-s-basarem-asadem/|website=Czech Television|access-date=1 December 2015|language=cs|archive-date=19 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119001015/http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/10997918455-mimoradne-porady-ct24/215411034000172-rozhovor-s-basarem-asadem|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ru:Асад обвинил Турцию, Саудовскую Аравию и Катар в поддержке террористов в Сирии |url=https://www.newsru.com/world/02dec2015/assad.html |website=newsru.com |language=ru |date=2 December 2015 |access-date=8 September 2019 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811163204/https://www.newsru.com/world/02dec2015/assad.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the end of December 2015, senior U.S. officials privately admitted that Russia had achieved its central goal of stabilising Syria and, with the expenses relatively low, could sustain the operation at this level for years to come.<ref name="reutersstabilis">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-syria-idUSKBN0UB0BA20151229 |title=U.S. sees bearable costs, key goals met for Russia in Syria so far |work=Reuters |date=28 December 2015 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415104043/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-syria-idUSKBN0UB0BA20151229 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2015, Putin stated that Russia was supporting Assad's forces and was ready to back anti-Assad rebels in a joint fight against IS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/putin-claims-support-to-syrian-rebels/a-18913306|title=Putin claims support to Syrian rebels|work=[[DW News]]|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=11 December 2015|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408032500/https://amp.dw.com/en/putin-claims-support-to-syrian-rebels/a-18913306|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Syrian President Bashar al-Assad meets Iran's special representative on Syrian affairs Ali Akbar Velayati.jpg|thumb|Bashar al-Assad meets with Iran's representative on Syrian affairs, [[Ali Akbar Velayati]], 6 May 2016.]] On 22 January 2016, the ''[[Financial Times]]'', citing anonymous "senior western intelligence officials", claimed that Russian general [[Igor Sergun]], the director of [[GRU (Russian Federation)|GRU]], the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the [[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]], had shortly before his sudden death on 3 January 2016 been sent to Damascus with a message from Vladimir Putin asking that President Assad step aside.<ref name="ftresign">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/735b4746-c01f-11e5-9fdb-87b8d15baec2.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/735b4746-c01f-11e5-9fdb-87b8d15baec2.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Vladimir Putin asked Bashar al-Assad to step down |newspaper=Financial Times |date=22 January 2016 |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> The ''Financial Times''' report was denied by Putin's spokesman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2016|title=Putin Requested Assad Step Aside, But Syrian Leader Refused|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2016/01/22/putin-requested-assad-step-aside-but-syrian-leader-refused-a51558|access-date=11 October 2021|website=[[The Moscow Times]]|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174859/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2016/01/22/putin-requested-assad-step-aside-but-syrian-leader-refused-a51558|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported in December 2016 that Assad's forces had retaken half of rebel-held [[Aleppo]], ending a 6-year stalemate in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/12/03/Assads-forces-retake-half-of-rebel-held-Aleppo/3411480810004/ |first=Eric |last=DuVall |title=Assad's forces retake half of rebel-held Aleppo |work=[[United Press International]] |date=3 December 2016 |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211201105/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/12/03/Assads-forces-retake-half-of-rebel-held-Aleppo/3411480810004/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-38194136|title=Aleppo siege: Syria rebels lose 50% of territory|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=3 December 2016|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413140020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-38194136|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 December, as it was reported government forces were on the brink of retaking all of Aleppo{{snd}}a "turning point" in the civil war, Assad celebrated the "liberation" of the city, and stated, "History is being written by every Syrian citizen."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fox6now.com/2016/12/17/evacuation-agreement-reached-in-aleppo-rebel-group-says/ |title=Evacuation agreement reached in Aleppo, rebel group says|website=Fox 6 Now|publisher=Fox News|date=17 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220125836/http://fox6now.com/2016/12/17/evacuation-agreement-reached-in-aleppo-rebel-group-says/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the election of [[Donald Trump]], the priority of the U.S. concerning Assad was unlike the priority of the [[Presidency of Barack Obama#Syrian civil war|Obama administration]], and in March 2017, [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|U.S. Ambassador to the UN]] [[Nikki Haley]] stated the U.S. was no longer focused on "getting Assad out",<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. priority on Syria no longer focused on "getting Assad out": Haley |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-haley-idUSKBN1712QL |work=Reuters |date=30 March 2017 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502174900/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-haley-idUSKBN1712QL |url-status=live }}</ref> but this position changed in the wake of the [[2017 Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/tillerson-u-s-will-lead-coalition-to-oust-assad-2348075513.html |title=Tillerson: U.S. will lead coalition to oust Assad |first=Alayna |last=Treene |date=6 April 2017 |access-date=7 April 2017 |archive-date=23 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023192349/https://www.axios.com/tillerson-u-s-will-lead-coalition-to-oust-assad-2348075513.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strikes on a Syrian airbase]] on the orders of President Trump, Assad's spokesperson described the U.S.' behaviour as "unjust and arrogant aggression" and stated that the missile strikes "do not change the deep policies" of the Syrian government.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Syria's Assad Calls U.S. Airstrikes an Outrageous Act |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-04-07/syrias-assad-calls-us-airstrikes-an-outrageous-act |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=7 April 2017 |archive-date=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124220516/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-04-07/syrias-assad-calls-us-airstrikes-an-outrageous-act |url-status=live }}</ref> President Assad also told the [[Agence France-Presse]] that Syria's military had given up all its chemical weapons in 2013, and would not have used them if they still retained any, and stated that the chemical attack was a "100 percent fabrication" used to justify a U.S. airstrike.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Assad says Idlib chemical attack 'fabrication': AFP interview |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-assad-idUSKBN17F1NE |work=Reuters |date=13 April 2017 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207132915/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-assad-idUSKBN17F1NE |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2017, Russian President Putin said "Assad didn't use the [chemical weapons]" and that the chemical attack was "done by people who wanted to blame him for that."<ref>{{cite web |title=Putin: Syria chemical attack was provocation against Assad |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News United States]]|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company]]|date=2 June 2017 |first1=Ian |last1=Phillips |first2=Vladimir |last2=Isachenkov |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/putin-syria-chemical-attack-provocation-assad-47790720 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602223827/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/putin-syria-chemical-attack-provocation-assad-47790720 |archive-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> UN and international chemical weapons inspectors from the [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW) found the attack was the work of the Assad regime.<ref name="CNN sarin report"/> [[File:Vladimir Putin visited Khmeimim Air Base in Syria (2017-12-11) 41.jpg|thumb|Assad and Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] at the [[Khmeimim Air Base]] in Syria, 11 December 2017]] On 7 November 2017, the Syrian government announced that it had signed the [[Paris Climate Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/climate/syria-joins-paris-agreement.html|title=Syria Joins Paris Climate Accord, Leaving Only U.S. Opposed|last=Friedman|first=Lisa|date=7 November 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413160706/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/climate/syria-joins-paris-agreement.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, it recognized the independence of Russian-occupied separatist republics of [[Abkhazia|Abhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] in Georgia, leading to backlash from the [[European Union]], [[United States]], [[Canada]] and other countries.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{Cite news |date=30 May 2018 |title=Syria recognizes Georgia's breakaway regions |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-recognizes-georgias-breakaway-regions-in-nod-to-russia/a-43988153 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530092144/https://www.dw.com/en/syria-recognizes-georgias-breakaway-regions-in-nod-to-russia/a-43988153 |archive-date=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2018 |title=Georgia Severs Relations With Syria For Recognizing Abkhazia, South Ossetia |work=rferl.org |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530034717/https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html |archive-date=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=Canada concerned by Syria's recognition of Georgian breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2018/06/canada-concerned-by-syrias-recognition-of-georgian-breakaway-regions-of-abkhazia-and-south-ossetia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605131719/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2018/06/canada-concerned-by-syrias-recognition-of-georgian-breakaway-regions-of-abkhazia-and-south-ossetia.html |archive-date=5 June 2018 |website=Government of Canada}}</ref> On 30 August 2020, the [[First Hussein Arnous government]] was formed, which included a new [[Council of Ministers (Syria)|Council of Ministers]].<ref>{{Cite web|agency=AFP|date=30 August 2020|title=Syria's Assad designates new government headed by PM Arnous|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/syrian-crisis/syrias-assad-designates-new-government-headed-by-pm-arnous|access-date=8 March 2021|website=Daily Sabah|archive-date=30 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830231314/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/syrian-crisis/syrias-assad-designates-new-government-headed-by-pm-arnous|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2021 Syrian presidential election|2021 presidential elections]] held on 26 May, Assad secured his fourth 7-year tenure; by winning 95.2% of the eligible votes. The elections were boycotted by the [[Syrian opposition|opposition]] and [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]; while the refugees and internally displaced citizens were disqualified to vote; enabling only 38% of Syrians to participate in the process. Independent international observers as well as representatives of Western countries described the elections as a farce. [[United Nations]] condemned the elections for directly violating Resolution 2254; and announced that it has "no mandate".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kossaify |first=Ephrem |date=22 April 2021 |title=UN reiterates it is not involved in Syrian presidential election |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1846771/%7B%7B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425141450/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1846771/middle-east |archive-date=25 April 2021 |website=Arab News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Nigel |date=9 June 2021 |title=Syria: 2021 presidential election and future prospects |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9250/CBP-9250.pdf |journal=House of Commons Library |pages=4–15 |via=UK Parliament |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815074550/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9250/CBP-9250.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2021 |title=Syria's Assad wins 4th term with 95% of vote, in election the West calls fraudulent |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-wins-fourth-term-office-with-951-votes-live-2021-05-27/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127122709/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-wins-fourth-term-office-with-951-votes-live-2021-05-27/ |archive-date=27 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria Events of 2021 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103070540/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/syria |archive-date=3 January 2023 |website=Human Rights Watch|date=14 December 2021 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Lister |first=Charles |date=10 May 2021 |title=US policy in Syria in 2021 |work=Asharq al-Awsat |url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2965846/charles-lister/us-policy-syria-2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813233750/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2965846/charles-lister/us-policy-syria-2021 |archive-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> [[File:AssadRaisi2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Assad with Iranian President [[Ebrahim Raisi]] in Damascus, 3 May 2023]] On 10 August 2021, the [[Second Hussein Arnous government]] was formed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 August 2021|title=Syria's Assad asks PM Arnous to form new cabinet|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-asks-pm-hussein-arnous-form-new-cabinet-2021-08-01/|access-date=5 October 2021|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005033010/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-asks-pm-hussein-arnous-form-new-cabinet-2021-08-01/|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Assad, Syria became a strong supporter of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and was one of the five countries that opposed the [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] resolution denouncing the invasion, which called upon Russia to pull back its troops. Three days prior to the invasion, Foreign Minister [[Faisal Mekdad]] was dispatched to Moscow to affirm Syria's recognition of [[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]] separatist republics. A day after the invasion, Bashar al-Assad praised the invasion as "a correction of history and a restoration of balance in the [[International order|global order]] after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|fall of the Soviet Union]]" in a phone call with [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Syria's Assad says Russia's Ukraine invasion a 'correction of history' |work=Al-Arabiya News |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/02/25/Syria-s-Assad-says-Russia-s-Ukraine-invasion-a-correction-of-history- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225144651/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/02/25/Syria-s-Assad-says-Russia-s-Ukraine-invasion-a-correction-of-history- |archive-date=25 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Demanding Russian Federation Immediately End Illegal Use of Force in Ukraine, Withdraw All Troops |url=https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807161917/https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm |archive-date=7 August 2022 |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Makki |first=Danny |date=9 March 2022 |title=Syria's role in Putin's invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-role-putins-invasion-ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309133840/https://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-role-putins-invasion-ukraine |archive-date=9 March 2022 |website=Middle East Institute}}</ref> Syria became the first country after Russia to officially recognize the "independence and sovereignty" of the two breakaway regions in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2022 |title=Syria to recognize Ukraine's Luhansk and Donetsk regions |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-middle-east-syria-moscow-c5505e965d7d354b2b1f408385197829 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702012411/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-middle-east-syria-moscow-c5505e965d7d354b2b1f408385197829 |archive-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2022 |title=Syria recognizes independence, sovereignty of Donetsk, Luhansk – state news agency |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-recognizes-independence-sovereignty-donetsk-luhansk-state-news-agency-2022-06-29/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703150251/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-recognizes-independence-sovereignty-donetsk-luhansk-state-news-agency-2022-06-29/ |archive-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2022 |title=Syria first country other than Russia to recognise Ukraine separatist republics of Donetsk and Lugansk |work=WIO News |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/syria-first-country-other-than-russia-to-recognise-ukraine-separatist-republics-of-donetsk-and-lugansk-493080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629211244/https://www.wionews.com/world/syria-first-country-other-than-russia-to-recognise-ukraine-separatist-republics-of-donetsk-and-lugansk-493080 |archive-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> On the 12th anniversary of beginning of the protests of [[2011 Syrian Revolution|Syrian Revolution]], Bashar al-Assad held a meeting with [[Vladimir Putin]] during an official visit to Russia. In a televised broadcast with Putin, Assad defended Russia's "special military operation" as a war against "[[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]] and [[Banderite|old Nazis]]" of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2023 |title=Assad meets Putin in Moscow as Syrians mark 12 years since anti-regime uprising |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230315-assad-meets-putin-in-moscow-as-syrians-mark-12-years-since-anti-regime-uprising |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315170723/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230315-assad-meets-putin-in-moscow-as-syrians-mark-12-years-since-anti-regime-uprising |archive-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="rferl.org">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2023 |title=Zelenskiy Announces Sanctions On Hundreds Of Individuals, Including Syrian President, Iranian Drone Makers |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/zelenskiy-ukraine-sanctions-syria-iran/32324885.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319093053/https://www.rferl.org/a/zelenskiy-ukraine-sanctions-syria-iran/32324885.html |archive-date=19 March 2023 |website=rferl.org}}</ref> He recognised the [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|Russian annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts]] and ratified the new Russian borders, claiming that the territories were "historically Russian". Assad also urged Russia to expand its [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war|military presence in Syria]] by establishing new bases and deploying more boots on the ground, making its military role permanent.{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2023 |title=Assad welcomes new Russian bases in Syria after Putin meeting |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/16/assad-will-welcome-new-russian-military-bases-in-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316094529/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/16/assad-will-welcome-new-russian-military-bases-in-syria |archive-date=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=Guy Faulconbridge |author2=Caleb Davis |date=16 March 2023 |title=Syria's Assad would like more Russian bases and troops |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-says-would-welcome-more-russian-troops-2023-03-16/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316070448/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-says-would-welcome-more-russian-troops-2023-03-16/ |archive-date=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2023 |title=Assad: Syria recognizes Russia's new borders |url=https://www.teletrader.com/assad-syria-recognizes-russia-s-new-borders/news/details/59649372?ts=1679546104895 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323052728/https://www.teletrader.com/assad-syria-recognizes-russia-s-new-borders/news/details/59649372?ts=1679549248213 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |website=teletrader.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2023 |title=Assad Welcomes New Russian Bases in Syria, Recognizes Russian Annexations in Ukraine |work=Havana Times |url=https://havanatimes.org/news/assad-welcomes-new-russian-bases-in-syria-recognizes-russian-annexations-in-ukraine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323053657/https://havanatimes.org/news/assad-welcomes-new-russian-bases-in-syria-recognizes-russian-annexations-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Minal |date=16 March 2023 |title=Assad Says Syria Recognizes New Russian Borders Following Accession Of New Regions |work=Pakistan Point |url=https://www.pakistanpoint.com/en/story/1659999/assad-says-syria-recognizes-new-russian-borders-followi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323053926/https://www.pakistanpoint.com/en/story/1659999/assad-says-syria-recognizes-new-russian-borders-followi.html |archive-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>}} [[File:Syrian Civil War map (November 29, 2024).svg|thumb|Military situation before the [[2024 Syrian opposition offensives|opposition offensives]] in late 2024.<br />Territories held by the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]] (yellow), [[Islamic State|IS]] (grey), the [[Syrian Army]] (red), the [[Syrian National Army|SNA]] and [[Turkey]] (light green), [[Tahrir al-Sham]] (white), the [[Revolutionary Commando Army|SFA]] and the [[United States]] (teal).]] In March 2023, he visited the [[United Arab Emirates]] and met with UAE's President [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Assad in UAE as Second Post-Quake Gulf Visit Signals Growing Arab Outreach |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/syria-s-assad-arrives-in-uae-for-official-visit-/7011966.html |work=VOA News |date=19 March 2023}}</ref> In May 2023, he attended the [[2023 Arab League summit|Arab League summit in Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]], where he was welcomed by Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Assad wins warm welcome at Arab summit after years of isolation |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-attend-arab-summit-bringing-regional-isolation-an-end-2023-05-19/ |work=Reuters |date=19 May 2023 |access-date=24 September 2023 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020102358/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-attend-arab-summit-bringing-regional-isolation-an-end-2023-05-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He met with Egyptian President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] and other Arab leaders.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Assad shakes hands, kisses cheeks with onetime foes at Arab League summit |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-shakes-hands-kisses-cheeks-with-onetime-foes-arab-league-summit-2023-05-19/ |work=Reuters |date=19 May 2023}}</ref> In September 2023, Assad attended the [[Asian Games]] opening ceremony in [[Hangzhou]] and met with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Syria's Bashar al Assad and wife laugh and wave at Asian Games opening ceremony amid China talks |url=https://news.sky.com/story/syrias-bashar-al-assad-and-wife-laugh-and-wave-at-asian-games-opening-ceremony-amid-china-talks-12968127 |work=Sky News |date=23 September 2023 |access-date=24 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010235/https://news.sky.com/story/syrias-bashar-al-assad-and-wife-laugh-and-wave-at-asian-games-opening-ceremony-amid-china-talks-12968127 |url-status=live }}</ref> They announced the establishment of a China–Syria strategic partnership.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leaders of Syria and China announce strategic partnership as part of Asian Games diplomacy |url=https://apnews.com/article/china-syria-asian-games-diplomacy-assad-xi-cce801eaa586fe5db82d28df79b0f91f |work=Associated Press |date=22 September 2022 |access-date=24 September 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108022849/https://apnews.com/article/china-syria-asian-games-diplomacy-assad-xi-cce801eaa586fe5db82d28df79b0f91f |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2023, Assad attended the [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit]] in Riyadh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-host-extraordinary-joint-islamic-arab-summit-riyadh-saturday-2023-11-10/|title=Arab and Muslim leaders call for immediate end to Gaza war|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=11 November 2023|author=Aziz El Yaakoubi, Nayera Abdallah}}</ref> In May 2024, he attended the Arab League summit in [[Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/assad-sisi-gulf-leaders-bahrain-arab-league-summit-gaza-war-rages|title=Assad, Sisi, Gulf leaders in Bahrain for Arab League summit as Gaza war rages|date=16 May 2024|publisher=Al Monitor}}</ref> === Rebel offensive, regime collapse and exile in Russia (2024) === {{See also|2024 Syrian opposition offensives|Fall of the Assad regime}} [[File:Northwestern Syria offensive (2024).jpg|thumb|right|[[2024 Syrian opposition offensives|Syrian opposition offensives]] that overthrew Assad's regime in 11 days]] In December 2024, the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom urged for de-escalation in Syria as violence flared up once again. Rebel factions, led by the Islamist group [[Tahrir al-Sham|Hayat Tahrir al-Sham]] (HTS), had [[Battle of Aleppo (2024)|taken control of Aleppo]], prompting a retaliatory airstrike campaign by President Assad and his Russian allies. The strikes, which targeted population centers and several hospitals in the [[Insurgency in Idlib|rebel-held]] city of [[Idlib]], resulted in at least 25 deaths, according to the [[White Helmets (Syrian civil war)|White Helmets]] rescue group. [[NATO]] countries issued a joint statement calling for the protection of civilians and critical infrastructure to prevent further displacement and ensure humanitarian access. They stressed the urgent need for a Syrian-led political solution, in accordance with [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254]], which advocates for dialogue between the Syrian government and opposition forces. The [[2024 Syrian opposition offensives|rebel offensive]], which had begun on 27 November 2024, continued its [[2024 Hama offensive|advance into Hama Governorate]] following their capture of Aleppo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria: US, Germany, France, UK call for de-escalation |date=2 December 2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-us-germany-france-uk-call-for-de-escalation/a-70933512 |website=DW News |access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Fighting Worsens Already Dire Conditions in Northwestern Syria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/03/world/middleeast/syria-civil-war-rebels-aleppo.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syrian hospital hit in air attack on opposition-held Idlib |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/12/3/syrian-hospital-hit-in-air-attack-on-opposition-held-idlib |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> On 4 December 2024, fierce clashes erupted in [[Hama Governorate]] as the Syrian army engaged Islamist-led insurgents in a bid to halt their advance on the key city of [[Hama]]. Government forces claimed to have launched a counteroffensive with air support, pushing back rebel factions, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), around six miles from the city. However, despite reinforcements, the rebels captured the city on 5 December.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria rebels capture major city of Hama after military withdraws |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cql5r2px4yyo |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The fighting led to widespread displacement, with nearly 50,000 people fleeing the area and over 600 casualties reported, including 104 civilians.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syrian army launches counterattack as rebels push towards Hama |date=4 December 2024 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241204-syrian-army-launches-counterattack-as-rebels-push-towards-hama |website=France24 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> On 6 December, rebels began encircling the capital Damascus.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 December 2024 |title=Syrian rebels seize Damascus, ending decades of brutal Assad dynasty rule |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrian-rebels-control-south-approaching-damascus |access-date=10 December 2024 |publisher=[[Middle East Eye]]}}</ref> On 7 December, Assad fled the city just before [[Fall of Damascus|its fall to the rebels]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Syrian army command tells officers that Assad's rule has ended, officer says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07/ |website=Reuters |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> ending 54 years of the Assad family's rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/syria-bashar-assad-war-1468a97ff95bb782f5933856d99c9a8d|work=Associated Press News|title=The fall of Bashar Assad after 13 years of war in Syria brings to an end a decades-long dynasty|date=8 December 2024|author=Zeina Karam & Abby Sewell}}</ref> The Russian government said that Assad had "stepped down" as president following a personal decision and had left Syria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Where is Bashar al-Assad? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqx89reeevgo |website=BBC |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 December 2024 |title=Assad Chose to Resign From Syrian Presidency, Kremlin Says |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/12/10/assad-chose-to-resign-from-syrian-presidency-kremlin-says-a87282 |access-date=10 December 2024 |publisher=[[The Moscow Times]]}}</ref> [[Interfax]], quoting an unnamed source at the [[Kremlin]], said that Assad and his family had arrived in Moscow and that the Russian government had granted them [[Political asylum|asylum]] "on humanitarian grounds."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Gebeily |first1=Maya |last2=Azhari |first2=Timour |date=8 December 2024 |title=Syria's Assad and his family are in Moscow after Russia granted them asylum, say Russian news agencies |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-his-family-are-moscow-after-russia-granted-them-asylum-say-russian-2024-12-08/ |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> == Controversies == === Corruption === {{Main|Corruption in Syria}} {{See also|Economy of Syria}} At the onset of the [[Syrian Revolution of Dignity|Syrian revolution]], corruption in Syria was endemic, and the country was ranked 129th in the 2011 [[Corruption Perceptions Index]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2011|title=2011 – CPI|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002112428/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2011|archive-date=2 October 2020|website=Transparency.org}}</ref> Since the 1970s, Syria's economy has been dominated by the patronage networks of Ba'ath party elites and [[Alawite]] loyalists of the Assad family, who established control over Syria's public sectors based on kinship and nepotism. The pervasive nature of corruption had been a source of controversy within the Ba'ath party circles and the wider public; as early as the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=M. Sadowski |first=Yahya |date=1987 |title=Patronage and the Ba'th: Corruption and Control in Contemporary Syria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857946 |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=442–461 |jstor=41857946 }}</ref> Bashar al-Assad's economic liberalization program during the 2000s became a symbol of corruption and nepotism, as the scheme's beneficiaries were Alawite loyalists who seized a significant portion of the privatized sectors and business assets. The government's actions alienated the vast majority of the Syrian public, particularly the rural and urban working classes, who strongly disliked the resulting economic disparities that became overtly visible.<ref name="Allam, Saber 2019 26–27"/><ref name="France 24">{{Cite news|date=9 July 2020|title=Assad's 20-year rule, from Damascus Spring to pariah|work=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200609-assad-s-20-year-rule-from-damascus-spring-to-pariah|access-date=21 May 2023|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514182340/https://www.france24.com/en/20200609-assad-s-20-year-rule-from-damascus-spring-to-pariah|url-status=live}}</ref> Assad's cousin [[Rami Makhlouf]] was the regime's most favored oligarch during this period, marked by the institutionalization of corruption, handicapping of small businesses and casting down private [[entrepreneurship]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2012 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327062345/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> The persistence of corruption, sectarian bias towards Alawites, nepotism and widespread bribery that existed in party, bureaucracy and military led to popular anger that resulted in the eruption of the 2011 Syrian Revolution. The protests were the most fierce in working-class neighbourhoods, which had long bore the brunt of the regime's exploitation policies that privileged its own loyalists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gersh |first=Nick |date=6 February 2017 |title=The Role of Corruption in the Syrian Civil War |url=https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/2017/02/06/the-role-of-corruption-in-the-syrian-civil-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219152118/https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/2017/02/06/the-role-of-corruption-in-the-syrian-civil-war/ |archive-date=19 February 2017 |website=GAB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Ashraf Allam |author2=Salah Saber |title=Assad's Survival: The Symbol Of Resisting The Arab Spring |publisher=Lamar |year=2019 |isbn=978-977-85412-3-6 |location=Alexandria, Egypt |pages=26–27}}</ref> According to [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], as a result of the Syrian civil war, "government-controlled Syria is truncated in size, battered and impoverished."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/assads-syria-truncated-battered-defiant-26633429 |title=Assad's Syria Truncated, Battered, but Defiant |work=Abc News |first=Diaa |last=Hadid |date=2 November 2014 |access-date=2 November 2014 |archive-date=2 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102205346/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/assads-syria-truncated-battered-defiant-26633429 |url-status=live }}</ref> Economic sanctions (the [[Syria Accountability Act]]) were applied long before the Syrian civil war by the U.S. and were joined by the EU at the outbreak of the civil war, causing disintegration of the Syrian economy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17088270 |title=Syria 'disintegrating under crippling sanctions' |work=BBC News |date=19 February 2012 |access-date=2 November 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515091458/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17088270 |url-status=live }}</ref> These sanctions were reinforced in October 2014 by the EU and U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-eu-idUSKCN0IA1AF20141021 |title=EU targets ministers, UAE firm in latest Syria sanctions |work=Reuters |first=Adrian |last=Croft |date=21 October 2014 |access-date=2 November 2014 |archive-date=7 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007014415/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/21/us-mideast-crisis-syria-eu-idUSKCN0IA1AF20141021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/10/16/treasury-syrian-sanctions-qusay-mihoub/17354081/ |title=Tightened sanctions target Syrian human rights abuses |work=USA Today |first=Gregory |last=Korte |date=16 October 2014 |access-date=9 November 2014 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811132431/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/10/16/treasury-syrian-sanctions-qusay-mihoub/17354081/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Industry in parts of the country that are still held by the government is heavily state-controlled, with [[economic liberalisation]] being reversed during the current conflict.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-economy-socialist-idUSBRE8630FA20120704 |title=Syria reverts to socialist economic policies to ease tension |first1=Suleiman |last1=Al-Khalidi |work=Reuters |date=4 July 2012 |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020124949/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/04/us-syria-economy-socialist-idUSBRE8630FA20120704 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[London School of Economics]] has stated that as a result of the Syrian civil war, a [[war economy]] has developed in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0IU10Z20141110?irpc=932 |title=Local ceasefires best way to ease Syrians' suffering: researchers |work=Reuters |date=10 November 2014 |access-date=10 November 2014 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308161119/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0IU10Z20141110?irpc=932 |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2014 [[European Council on Foreign Relations]] report also stated that a war economy has formed: {{blockquote|Three years into a conflict that is estimated to have killed at least 140,000 people from both sides, much of the Syrian economy lies in ruins. As the violence has expanded and sanctions have been imposed, assets and infrastructure have been destroyed, economic output has fallen, and investors have fled the country. Unemployment now exceeds 50 percent and half of the population lives below the poverty line ... against this backdrop, a war economy is emerging that is creating significant new economic networks and business activities that feed off the violence, chaos, and lawlessness gripping the country. This war economy – to which Western sanctions have inadvertently contributed – is creating incentives for some Syrians to prolong the conflict and making it harder to end it.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR97_SYRIA_BRIEF_AW.pdf |title=Syria's War Economy |first1=Jihad |last1=Yazigi |publisher=European Council on Foreign Relations |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009205851/http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR97_SYRIA_BRIEF_AW.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}} A [[United Nations|UN]] commissioned report by the Syrian Centre for Policy Research states that two-thirds of the Syrian population now lives in "extreme poverty".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-economy-idUSKBN0E81WL20140528 |title=Syria's economy heads into ruin: U.N. sponsored report |first1=Suleiman |last1=Al-Khalidi |work=Reuters |date=28 May 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824204400/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/28/us-syria-economy-idUSKBN0E81WL20140528 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unemployment stands at 50 percent.<ref name="SurvivalMode">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-assad-regime-cuts-subsidies-focuses-ailing-economy-on-war-effort/2014/11/29/5f830894-719c-11e4-a2c2-478179fd0489_story.html |title=Syria's Assad regime cuts subsidies, focuses ailing economy on war effort |newspaper=The Washington Post |first1=Hugh |last1=Naylor |date=29 November 2014 |access-date=6 December 2014 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103114216/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-assad-regime-cuts-subsidies-focuses-ailing-economy-on-war-effort/2014/11/29/5f830894-719c-11e4-a2c2-478179fd0489_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2014, a $50 million mall opened in [[Tartus]] which provoked criticism from government supporters and was seen as part of an Assad government policy of attempting to project a sense of normalcy throughout the civil war.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Oct-17/274357-glitzy-mall-sparks-anger-from-assad-backers.ashx |title=Glitzy mall sparks anger from Assad backers |first1=Rita |last1=Daou |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=17 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022183913/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Oct-17/274357-glitzy-mall-sparks-anger-from-assad-backers.ashx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A government policy to give preference to families of slain soldiers for government jobs was cancelled after it caused an uproar<ref name="BurySons"/> while rising accusations of corruption caused protests.<ref name="AlawitesVoice"/> In December 2014, the EU banned sales of jet fuel to the Assad government, forcing the government to buy more expensive uninsured jet fuel shipments in the future.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11290437/EU-tries-to-ground-Bashar-al-Assads-warplanes-by-banning-fuel-supplies.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11290437/EU-tries-to-ground-Bashar-al-Assads-warplanes-by-banning-fuel-supplies.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=EU tries to ground Bashar al-Assad's warplanes by banning fuel supplies |work=The Telegraph |first1=David |last1=Blair |date=12 December 2014 |access-date=13 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Taking advantage of the increased role of the state as a result of the civil war, Bashar and his wife Asma have begun annexing Syria's economic assets from their loyalists, seeking to displace the old business elites and monopolize their direct control of the economy. [[Maher al-Assad]], the brother of Bashar, has also become wealthy by overseeing the operations of Syria's state-sponsored [[captagon]] drug industry and seizing much of the spoils of war. The ruling couple currently owns vast swathes of Syria's shipping, real estate, telecommunications and banking sectors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2022 |title=Changes to Syria's Business Elite Concentrates Wealth in Hands of Presidential Couple |work=The Syria Report |url=https://syria-report.com/analysis-changes-to-syrias-business-elite-concentrates-wealth-in-hands-of-presidential-couple-open-access/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202222632/https://syria-report.com/analysis-changes-to-syrias-business-elite-concentrates-wealth-in-hands-of-presidential-couple-open-access/ |archive-date=2 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=Chloe Cornish |author2=Asser Khattab |date=25 July 2019 |title=Syria's Assad puts pressure on business elite |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a7a75e4c-a95d-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727060100/https://www.ft.com/content/a7a75e4c-a95d-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |archive-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> Significant changes have been happening to Syrian economy since the government's confiscation campaigns launched in 2019, which involved major economic assets being transferred to the Presidential couple to project their power and influence. Particularly noteworthy dynamic has been the rise of [[Asma al-Assad]], who heads Syria's clandestine economic council and is thought to have become "a central funnel of economic power in Syria". Through her Syria Trust NGO, the backbone of her financial network, Asma vets the foreign aid coming to Syria; since the government authorizes UN organizations only if it works under state agencies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jalabi |first=Raya |date=2023 |title=Syria's state capture: the rising influence of Mrs Assad |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a51c6227-0c93-4fe1-aca7-25783a43708f |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405013209/https://www-ft-com.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/content/a51c6227-0c93-4fe1-aca7-25783a43708f |archive-date=5 April 2023}}</ref> Corruption has been rising sporadically in recent years, with Syria being considered the most corrupt country in the [[Arab World]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2023 |title=Middle East corruption rankings: Syria most corrupt, UAE least, Turkey slipped |work=Al-Monitor |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/01/middle-east-corruption-rankings-syria-most-corrupt-uae-least-turkey-slipped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201215/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/01/middle-east-corruption-rankings-syria-most-corrupt-uae-least-turkey-slipped |archive-date=3 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2023 |title=Syria, Yemen and Libya among 'lowest in the world' for corruption perceptions |work=The New Arab |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/syria-yemen-and-libya-rank-among-lowest-corruption-index?amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208070207/https://www.newarab.com/news/syria-yemen-and-libya-rank-among-lowest-corruption-index?amp |archive-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> As of 2022, Syria is the ranked second worst globally in the [[Corruption Perceptions Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title= Corruption Perceptions Index |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2022 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |website=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> === Sectarianism === {{See also|Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war}} Hafez al-Assad's government was widely counted amongst the most repressive Arab [[dictatorship]]s of the 20th century. As Bashar inherited his father's mantle, he sought to implement "authoritarian upgrading" by purging those from his father's generation and staffing the party and military with loyalist Alawite officers, further entrenching the sectarianism within the system.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Ashraf Allam |author2=Salah Saber |title=Assad's Survival: The Symbol Of Resisting The Arab Spring |publisher=Lamar |year=2019 |isbn=978-977-85412-3-6 |location=Alexandria, Egypt |pages=27–30 |chapter=The domestic structure of the regime |quote=Because he lacks his father's leadership skills... Bashar may settle for consensus among his junta of Alawi officers... When Bashar assumed office he attempted to consolidate power through 'authoritarian upgrading'.. However, the conservative military establishment and senior members of the regime were not favorable to Bashar's reforms, which forced Bashar to retire such senior personnel in order to further consolidate his power. But Bashar struggled to appoint new and loyal staff, his Ba'athist regime became increasingly like a sectarian family clan}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |last=Ker-Lindsay |first=James |date=27 April 2023 |title=Is Syria No Longer a Pariah State? |work=World Politics Review |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/syria-pariah-state/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602100607/https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/syria-pariah-state/ |archive-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> While officially the Ba'athist government adheres to a strict secularist doctrine, in practice it has implemented sectarian engineering policies in the society to suppress dissent and monopolize its absolute power.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/151-flight-of-icarus-the-pyd-s-precarious-rise-in-syria.pdf |title=Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria |publisher=International Crisis Group |date=8 May 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |page=23 |quote=The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220181554/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/151-flight-of-icarus-the-pyd-s-precarious-rise-in-syria.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{quote box|"During Hafez-al-Assad's reign, he resorted to emphasising the sectarian identities that the previous [[Ba'ath Party]] rejected; believing the only way to ensure stability was through building a trusted security force... Hafez pursued a strategy to "make the Alawite community a loyal monolith while keeping Syria's Sunni majority divided". Yet Syria became a [[police state]], enforcing stability through threat of brute force repression... Bashar had already followed in his father's footsteps, carefully manoeuvring his most loyal allies into the military-security apparatus, government ministries and the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Ba'ath party]]." | source = — Antonia Robson<ref name="Robson">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2021 |last=Robson| first=Antonia |title=The Mobilisation of Sectarian Identities in the Syrian Civil War |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2021/05/03/the-mobilisation-of-sectarian-identities-in-the-syrian-civil-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130180133/https://www.e-ir.info/2021/05/03/the-mobilisation-of-sectarian-identities-in-the-syrian-civil-war/ |archive-date=30 November 2022 |website=E-International Relations}}</ref> | align = right | width = 25em }} The regime has attempted to portray itself to the outside world as "the protector of minorities" and instills the fear of the majority rule in the society to mobilize loyalists from minorities.<ref name="NPR_APRIL_2015">{{cite web |last=Meuse |first=Alison |date=18 April 2015 |title=Syria's Minorities: Caught Between Sword Of ISIS And Wrath of Assad |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2015/04/18/400360836/syrias-minorities-caught-between-sword-of-isis-and-wrath-of-assad |access-date=19 April 2015 |publisher=NPR |quote=Karim Bitar, a Middle East analyst at Paris think tank IRIS [...] says [...] 'Minorities are often used as a shield by authoritarian regimes, who try to portray themselves as protectors and as a bulwark' |archive-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419125016/http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2015/04/18/400360836/syrias-minorities-caught-between-sword-of-isis-and-wrath-of-assad |url-status=live }}</ref> Assad loyalist figures like [[Michel Samaha]] have advocated sectarian mobilization to defend the regime from what he labelled as the "sea of [[Sunnis]]". Assad regime has unleashed sectarian violence through private Alawite militias like the ''[[Shabiha]]'', particularly in Sunni areas. Alawite religious iconography and communal sentiments are common themes used by [[Alawites|Alawite]] warrior-shaykhs who lead the Alawite militias; as justification to commit massacres, abductions and torture in opposition strongholds.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ümit Üngör|first=Uğur |date=9 February 2022 |title=The Specter of Sectarian Violence in Syria |url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-specter-of-sectarian-violence-in-syria/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704031407/https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-specter-of-sectarian-violence-in-syria/ |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=19 April 2015 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Various development policies adopted by the regime had followed a sectarian pattern. An urbanization scheme implemented by the government in the city of Homs led to expulsions of thousands of Sunni residents during the 2000s, while Alawite majority areas were left intact.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2016 |last=Hokayem| first=Emile|title=Assad or We Burn the Country|url=https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323074045/https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-date=23 March 2022 |website=War on the rocks}}</ref> Even as [[Syrian Ba'athism]] absorbed diverse communal identities into the homogenous unifying discourse of the state; socio-political power became monopolized by Alawite loyalists. Despite officially adhering to non-confessionalism, [[Syrian Armed Forces]] have also been institutionally sectarianized. While the conscripts and lower-ranks are overwhelmingly non-Alawite, the higher ranks are packed by Alawite loyalists who effectively control the logistics and security policy. Elite units of the Syrian military such as the [[Tiger Forces]], [[Republican Guard (Syria)|Republican Guard]], [[4th Armoured Division (Syria)|4th Armoured Division]], etc. regarded by the government as crucial for its survival; are composed mostly of Alawites. Sunni officers are under constant surveillance by the secret police, with most of them being assigned with Alawite assistants who monitor their movements. Pro-regime [[paramilitary]] groups such as the [[National Defense Force (Syria)|National Defense Force]] are also organized around sectarian loyalty to the Ba'athist government. During the [[2011 Syrian Revolution|Syrian Revolution]] uprisings, the [[Ba'athist Syria|Ba'athist government]] deployed a securitization strategy that depended on sectarian mobilization, unleashing violence on protestors and extensive crackdowns across the country, prompting opposition groups to turn to armed revolt. Syrian society was further sectarianized following the [[Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war|Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war]], which witnessed numerous [[Khomeinism|Khomeinist]] militant groups sponsored by Iran fight in the side of the Assad government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2016 |last=Hokayem| first=Emile|title=Assad or We Burn the Country|url=https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323074045/https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-date=23 March 2022 |website=E-International Relations}}</ref><ref name="Robson"/> === Human rights === {{See also|Human rights in Syria}} The Ba'athist government has been ruling Syria as a totalitarian state, policing every aspect of Syrian society for decades. Commanders of government's security forces – consisting of [[Syrian Arab Army]], [[secret police]], Ba'athist paramilitaries – directly implement the executive functions of the state, with scant regard for legal processes and [[bureaucracy]]. The surveillance system of the ''[[Mukhabarat]]'' is pervasive, with the total number of agents working for its various branches estimated to be as high as 1:158 ratio with the civilian population. Security services shut down civil society organizations, curtail freedom of movement within the country and bans non-Ba'athist political literature and symbols.<ref name="ifimes.org"/><ref name="Hill">{{Cite news |last=Hill |first=Evan |date=16 July 2010 |title=Syria slammed on human rights |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/7/16/syria-slammed-on-human-rights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521182156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/7/16/syria-slammed-on-human-rights |archive-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> In 2010, [[Human Rights Watch]] published the report "''A Wasted Decade''" documenting repression during Assad's first decade of [[emergency rule]]; marked by arbitrary arrests, censorship and discrimination against [[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurds]].<ref name="Hill"/><ref name="hrw.org">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=A Wasted Decade: Human Rights in Syria during Bashar al-Asad's First Ten Years in Power |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2010/07/16/wasted-decade/human-rights-syria-during-bashar-al-asads-first-ten-years-power |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713084607/https://www.hrw.org/report/2010/07/16/wasted-decade/human-rights-syria-during-bashar-al-asads-first-ten-years-power |archive-date=13 July 2015 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref>[[File:Syria.BasharAlAssad.02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Billboard with a portrait of Bashar al-Assad and the text 'Syria is protected by God' on the [[Damascus#Walls and gates of Damascus|old city wall of Damascus]] in 2006]] Throughout the 2000s, the dreaded ''[[Mukhabarat]]'' agents carried out routine [[Forced abduction|abductions]], [[arbitrary detention]]s and [[torture]] of civilians. Numerous [[show trial]]s were conducted against dissidents, filling Syrian prisons with journalists and human rights activists. Members of Syria's [[General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|General Intelligence Directorate]] had long enjoyed broad privileges to carry out extrajudicial actions and they have immunity from criminal offences. In 2008, Assad extended this immunity to other departments of security forces.<ref name="hrw.org"/> Human Rights groups, such as [[Human Rights Watch]] and [[Amnesty International]], have detailed how the Assad government's [[secret police]] tortured, imprisoned, and killed political opponents, and those who speak out against the government.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Wasted Decade |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/node/91580/section/4 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |pages=4, 8 |date=16 July 2010 |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-date=16 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416235023/http://www.hrw.org/en/node/91580/section/4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Syria |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,SYR,,4da56d83a2,0.html |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |date=8 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019171745/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2C%2C%2CSYR%2C%2C4da56d83a2%2C0.html |archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref> In addition, some 600 Lebanese political prisoners are thought to be held in government prisons since the [[Syrian occupation of Lebanon]], with some held for as long as over 30 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/565320-syrias-secret-prisoners |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009185724/https://m.media/Pages/NotFoundPage.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2017 |title=Syria's secret prisoners |publisher=NOW News |last1=Luca |first1=Ana Maria |date=21 May 2015 |access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref> Since 2006, the Assad government has expanded the use of [[Persona non grata|travel bans]] against political dissidents.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/17155868 |title=How Syria controls its dissidents – Banning travel |date=30 September 2010 |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=8 March 2011 |archive-date=30 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830231102/http://www.economist.com/node/17155868 |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- The Syrian [[General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|General Intelligence Directorate]] is Alawite dominated.{{sfn|Pierret|2013|p=204}}--> In an interview with [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] in 2007, Assad stated: "We don't have such [things as] political prisoners," though ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported the arrest of 30 Syrian political dissidents who were organising a joint opposition front in December 2007, with 3 members of this group considered to be opposition leaders being remanded in custody.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/world/middleeast/14syria.html |work=The New York Times |title=Challenged, Syria Extends Crackdown on Dissent |first=Thanassis |last=Cambanis |date=14 December 2007 |access-date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=5 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605051853/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/world/middleeast/14syria.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The government also denied permission for human rights organizations and independent NGOs to work in the country.<ref name="hrw.org"/> In 2010, Syria banned [[Veil|face veils]] at universities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-10684359 |title=Syria bans face veils at universities |newspaper=BBC News |date=19 July 2010 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405215836/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-10684359 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0720/Veil-ban-Why-Syria-joins-Europe-in-barring-the-niqab |title=Veil ban: Why Syria joins Europe in barring the niqab |journal=The Christian Science Monitor |date=20 July 2010 |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517215400/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0720/Veil-ban-Why-Syria-joins-Europe-in-barring-the-niqab |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the protests of Syrian Revolution in 2011, Assad partially relaxed the veil ban.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/syria-relax-veil-ban-teacher |title=Syria relaxes veil ban for teachers |newspaper=The Guardian |date=6 April 2011 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=8 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908080959/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/syria-relax-veil-ban-teacher |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:(5)_Montreal_Syrian_solidarity_demonstration_March_27.jpg|thumb|Demonstration in [[Montreal]] in solidarity with the people of Syria. The sign reads: "Stop torture and inhumane treatment of prisoners in Syria!"]] ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' journal released an editorial on the Syrian situation in the wake of the 2011 protests:<ref name="The Sturdy House That Assad Built">{{cite journal |author=Michael Bröning |date=7 March 2011 |title=The Sturdy House That Assad Built |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67561/michael-broening/the-sturdy-house-that-assad-built |journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119093700/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/syria/2011-03-07/sturdy-house-assad-built |archive-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> {{blockquote|During its decades of rule... the Assad family developed a strong political safety net by firmly integrating the military into the government. In 1970, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar's father, seized power after rising through the ranks of the [[Syrian armed forces]], during which time he established a network of loyal [[Alawites]] by installing them in key posts. In fact, the military, ruling elite, and [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|ruthless secret police]] are so intertwined that it is now impossible to separate the [[Assad regime]] from the security establishment. Bashar al-Assad's threat to use force against protesters would be more plausible than Tunisia's or Egypt's were. So, unlike in Tunisia and Egypt, where a professionally trained military tended to play an independent role, the regime and its loyal forces have been able to deter all but the most resolute and fearless oppositional activists... At the same time, it is significantly different from [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libya]], where the military, although brutal and loyal to the regime, is a more disorganized group of militant thugs than a trained and disciplined army.}} Between 2011 and 2013; the state security apparatus is believed to have tortured and killed over 10,000 [[civil activist]]s, [[political dissidents]], [[Independent journalists|journalists]], [[Civil defense|civil defense volunteers]] and those accused of treason and terror charges, as part of a campaign of deadly crackdown ordered by Assad.<ref name="Entous, Nissenbaum">{{Cite news |author1=Adam Entous |author2=Dion Nissenbaum |date=25 July 2014 |title=10,000 Bodies: Inside Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's Crackdown |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/10-000-bodies-inside-syrian-president-bashar-al-assads-crackdown-1406315472 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103162318/https://www.wsj.com/articles/10-000-bodies-inside-syrian-president-bashar-al-assads-crackdown-1406315472 |archive-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> In June 2023, [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] voted in favour of establishing an independent body to investigate the whereabouts of hundreds of thousands of missing civilians who have been forcibly disappeared, killed or languishing in Assad regime's [[Human rights in Syria#Detention Centres|dungeons]] and [[torture chamber]]s. The vote was condemned by Russia, North Korea and Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=UN votes to establish independent body to clarify fate of over 130,000 Syrians missing in conflict |work=The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2023/06/30/fgn2-un-syria.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630045225/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2023/06/30/fgn2-un-syria.amp.html |archive-date=30 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kossaify |first=Ephrem |date=30 June 2023 |title=In milestone decision, UN creates institution for Syria's missing and disappeared |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2330286/middle-east |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630045427/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2330286/middle-east |archive-date=30 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=M. Lederer |first=Edith |date=30 June 2023 |title=UN votes to establish independent body to clarify fate of over 130,000 Syrians missing in conflict |work=AP News |url=https://apnews.com/article/un-syria-conflict-missing-people-75ab620d2ab939b54152a3f1ded5a156 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630163007/https://apnews.com/article/un-syria-conflict-missing-people-75ab620d2ab939b54152a3f1ded5a156 |archive-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> In 2023, [[Canada]] and Netherlands [[Canada and the Netherlands v. Syrian Arab Republic|filed a lawsuit against Syria]] at the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ), charging the latter with violating the [[United Nations Convention Against Torture]]. The joint petition accused the Syrian regime of organizing "unimaginable physical and mental pain and suffering" as a strategy to collectively punish the Syrian population.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Joint statement by Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands on instituting proceedings at the International Court of Justice to hold Syria to account for torture |url=https://www.government.nl/documents/diplomatic-statements/2023/06/12/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-netherlands-on-instituting-proceedings-at-the-international-court-of-justice-to-hold-syria-to-account-for-torture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613135748/https://www.government.nl/documents/diplomatic-statements/2023/06/12/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-netherlands-on-instituting-proceedings-at-the-international-court-of-justice-to-hold-syria-to-account-for-torture |archive-date=13 June 2023 |website=Government of Netherlands}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands jointly institute proceedings against the Syrian Arab Republic and request the Court to indicate provisional measures |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230612-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613135950/https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230612-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2023 |website=International Court of Justice.org |pages=1, 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Canada and the Kingdom of Netherlands vs. the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230608-REQ-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612142054/https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230608-REQ-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2023 |website=International Court of Justice.org}}</ref> Russia vetoed [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] efforts to prosecute Bashar al-Assad at the International Criminal Court.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2023 |title=Canada and Netherlands take Syria to ICJ over alleged torture |work=The National |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/06/12/canada-and-netherlands-take-syria-to-icj-over-alleged-torture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613135519/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/06/12/canada-and-netherlands-take-syria-to-icj-over-alleged-torture/ |archive-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> === Repression of Kurds === {{Further|Arab Belt|Arabization#Arabization in Syria|Qamishli massacre|label 1=Arab Belt Project|label 2=Arabization in Syria}} [[Ba'athist Syria]] had long banned [[Kurdish language]] in schools and public institutions; and discrimination against [[Syrian Kurds|Kurds]] steadily increased during the rule of Bashar al-Assad. State policy officially suppressed Kurdish culture; with more than 300,000 Syrian Kurds being rendered stateless. Kurdish grievances against state persecution eventually culminated in the [[2004 Qamishli riots|2004 Qamishli Uprisings]], which were crushed down violently after sending Syrian military forces. The ensuing crackdown resulted in the killings of more than 36 Kurds and injuring at least 160 demonstrators. More than 2000 civilians were arrested and tortured in government detention centres. Restrictions on Kurdish activities has been further tightened following the Qamishli massacre, with the [[Assad regime]] virtually banning all Kurdish cultural gatherings and political activism under the charges of "inciting strife" or "weakening national sentiment." During 2005–2010, [[Human Rights Watch]] verified security crackdowns on at least 14 [[Kurdish population|Kurdish]] political and cultural gatherings.<ref name="hrw.org"/><ref name="Hill"/> In March 2008, Syrian military opened fire at a Kurdish gathering in Qamishli that marked Nowruz, killing three and injuring five civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2008 |title=Syria: Investigate Killing of Kurds |work=Human RIghts Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/03/23/syria-investigate-killing-kurds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505183620/https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/03/23/syria-investigate-killing-kurds |archive-date=5 May 2023}}</ref> === Censorship === {{Main|Censorship in Syria|Internet censorship in Syria}} On 22 September 2001, Assad decreed a Press Law that tightened government control over all literature printed or published in Syria; ranging from newspapers to books, pamphlets and periodicals. Publishers, writers, editors, distributors, journalists and other individuals accused of violating the Press Law are imprisoned or fined. Censorship has also been expanded into the [[cyberspace]], and various websites are banned. Numerous bloggers and content creators have been arrested under various "national security" charges.<ref name="hrw.org"/> A 2007 law requires [[internet cafés]] to record all the comments users post on chat forums.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bashar Al-Assad, President, Syria |url=http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=predateur&id_article=42411 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716102326/http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=predateur&id_article=42411 |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=26 October 2012 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> Another decree in 2008 obligated internet cafes to keep records of their customers and report them routinely to the police.<ref name="10 Worst Countries to be a Blogger">{{Cite web |date=30 April 2009 |title=10 Worst Countries to be a Blogger |url=https://cpj.org/reports/2009/04/10-worst-countries-to-be-a-blogger/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202201109/https://cpj.org/reports/2009/04/10-worst-countries-to-be-a-blogger/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> Websites such as [[Arabic Wikipedia]], [[YouTube]], and [[Facebook]] were [[Internet censorship in Syria|blocked intermittently between 2008 and February 2011]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 July 2008 |title=Red lines that cannot be crossed – The authorities don't want you to read or see too much |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=http://www.economist.com/node/11792330 |access-date=10 March 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511054714/http://www.economist.com/node/11792330 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Jennifer Preston |date=9 February 2011 |title=Syria Restores Access to Facebook and YouTube |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/world/middleeast/10syria.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |archive-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210033047/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/world/middleeast/10syria.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Enemies – Syria |url=http://en.rsf.org/internet-enemie-syria,39779.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518055039/http://en.rsf.org/internet-enemie-syria%2C39779.html |archive-date=18 May 2011 |access-date=29 April 2011 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref> [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] (CPJ) ranked Syria as the third dangerous country to be an online blogger in 2009. Individuals are arrested based on a wide variety of accusations; ranging from undermining "national unity" to posting or sharing "false" content.<ref name="hrw.org"/><ref name="10 Worst Countries to be a Blogger"/> Syria was ranked as the third most censored country in CPJ's 2012 report. Apart from restrictions for international journalists that prohibit their entry, domestic press is controlled by state agencies that promote Ba'athist ideology. From 2011, the Syrian government has issued a complete [[media blackout]] and foreign correspondents were quickly detained, abducted or tortured. As a result, the outside world is able to know of situations happening inside Syria only through videos of independent civilian journalists. The Assad government has shut down internet coverage, [[Cellular network|mobile networks]] as well as telephone lines in areas under its control to prevent any news that has its attempts to monopolize information related to Syria.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2012 |title=10 Most Censored Countries |url=http://cpj.org/reports/2012/05/10-most-censored-countries.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725103343/http://www.cpj.org/reports/2012/05/10-most-censored-countries.php |archive-date=25 July 2012 |access-date=14 August 2012 |work=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> === Crackdowns, ethnic cleansing, and forced disappearances === {{Further|Casualties of the Syrian civil war|Syrian refugee crisis}} The [[2011 Syrian revolution#Crackdown|crackdown]] ordered by Bashar al-Assad against Syrian protesters was the most ruthless of all military clampdowns in the entire [[Arab Spring]]. As violence deteriorated and death toll mounted to the thousands; the European Union, Arab League and United States began imposing wide range of sanctions against Assad regime. By December 2011, [[United Nations]] had declared the situation in Syria to be a "[[civil war]]".<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Elizabeth A. Kennedy |author2=Frank Jordans |date=2 December 2011 |title=UN: Syria now in a civil war |work=MSNBC |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45514855 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726024135/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45514855 |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> By this point, all the protestors and armed [[Resistance movement|resistance]] groups had viewed the unconditional resignation of Bashar al-Assad as part of their core demands. In July 2012, [[Arab League]] held an emergency session demanding the "swift resignation" of Assad and promised "safe exit" if he accepted the offer.<ref>{{cite news |author=Bassem Mroue |date=18 April 2011 |title=Bashar Assad Resignation Called For By Syria Sit-In Activists |work=[[HuffPost]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/18/bashar-assad-resignation-syria-protest_n_850657.html |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512045222/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/18/bashar-assad-resignation-syria-protest_n_850657.html |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23 July 2012 |title=Arab League to offer 'safe exit' if Assad resigns |work=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/22/world/meast/syria-unrest |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514043736/http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/22/world/meast/syria-unrest |archive-date=14 May 2013}}</ref> Assad rebuffed the offers, instead seeking foreign military support from Iran and Russia to defend his embattled regime through [[Scorched earth|scorched-earth tactics]], massacres, sieges, forced starvations, ethnic cleansing, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yacoubian |first=Mona |date=1 January 2021 |title=Syria Timeline: Since the Uprising Against Assad |url=https://www.usip.org/syria-timeline-uprising-against-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224072630/https://www.usip.org/syria-timeline-uprising-against-assad |archive-date=24 February 2021 |website=United States Institute of Peace}}</ref> The crackdowns and extermination campaigns of Assad regime resulted in the [[Syrian refugee crisis]]; causing the [[forced displacement]] of 14 million Syrians, with around 7.2 million refugees.<ref name="Syria Refugee Crisis Explained">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2023 |title=Syria Refugee Crisis Explained |url=https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329091756/https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/ |archive-date=29 March 2023 |website=UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency}}</ref> This has made the Syrian refugee crisis the largest [[refugee crisis]] in the world; and [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]] High Commissioner [[Filippo Grandi]] has described it as "the biggest humanitarian and refugee crisis of our time and a continuing cause for suffering."<ref name="Syria Refugee Crisis Explained" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Syria Refugee Crisis |url=https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518033038/https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/syria/ |archive-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> === Ethnic cleansing === [[File:Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg|thumb|Wounded civilians getting rushed to a hospital in [[Aleppo]]]] Eva Koulouriotis has described Bashar al-Assad as the "master of [[ethnic cleansing]] in the 21st century".<ref name="J. Koulouriotis">{{Cite web |last=J. Koulouriotis |first=Eva |date=22 May 2022 |title=Assad: Master of ethnic cleansing in the 21st century |url=https://www.syriawise.com/opinion-assad-master-of-ethnic-cleansing-in-the-21st-century/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702072830/https://www.syriawise.com/opinion-assad-master-of-ethnic-cleansing-in-the-21st-century/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |website=Syria Wise}}</ref> During the course of the civil war, Assad ordered depopulation campaigns throughout the country to re-shape its demography in favor of his regime and the military tactics have been compared to the [[Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War|persecutions of the Bosnian war]]. Between 2011 and 2015, [[Ba'athism|Ba'athist]] militias are reported to have committed 49 ethno-sectarian [[massacre]]s for the purpose of implementing its social engineering agenda in the country. [[Alawites|Alawite]] loyalist militias known as the ''[[Shabiha]]'' have been launched into [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] villages and towns, perpetrating numerous [[Anti-Sunnism|anti-Sunni]] massacres. These include the [[Houla massacre|Houla]], [[Bayda and Baniyas massacres]], [[Al-Qubeir massacre]], Al-Hasawiya massacre, and others which have resulted in hundreds of deaths with hundreds of thousands of residents fleeing under threats of regime persecution and [[sexual violence]]. Pogroms and deportations were pronounced in central Syrian regions and Alawite majority coastal areas where the Syrian military and Hezbollah prioritize the establishment of strategic control by expelling Sunni residents and bringing in Iran-backed Shia militants.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Martin Chulov |author2=Mona Mahmood |date=22 July 2013 |title=Syrian Sunnis fear Assad regime wants to 'ethnically cleanse' Alawite heartland |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/syria-sunnis-fear-alawite-ethnic-cleansing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505110349/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/syria-sunnis-fear-alawite-ethnic-cleansing |archive-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nakhoul |first=Samia |date=12 June 2012 |title=Insight: Syria massacres, ethnic cleansing that may backfire |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-massacres-idUSBRE85A1DY20120611 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222180327/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-massacres-idUSBRE85A1DY20120611 |archive-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="J. Koulouriotis"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamad |first=Sam |date=30 June 2017 |title=Daraa 'de-escalation' masks Assad's ethnic cleansing in Syria |work=New Arab |url=https://www.newarab.com/opinion/daraa-de-escalation-masks-assads-ethnic-cleansing-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207165354/https://www.newarab.com/opinion/daraa-de-escalation-masks-assads-ethnic-cleansing-syria |archive-date=7 December 2022}}</ref> In 2016, UN officials criticized Bashar al-Assad for pursuing demographic engineering and ethnic cleansing in [[Darayya District|Darayya district]] in Damascus under the guise of de-escalation deals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=El-Bar |first=Karim |date=5 September 2016 |title='Ethnic cleansing on an unprecedented scale': Rebels, UN criticise Assad tactics |work=Middle East Eye |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ethnic-cleansing-unprecedented-scale-rebels-un-criticise-assad-tactics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105258/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ethnic-cleansing-unprecedented-scale-rebels-un-criticise-assad-tactics |archive-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> Syrian government forces have pursued mass-killings of civilian populations as part of its war strategy throughout the conflict and is responsible for inflicting more than 90% of the [[Casualties of the Syrian civil war|total civilian deaths in the Syrian civil war]].<ref name="auto1">*{{Cite news |date=20 June 2022 |title=Assad, Iran, Russia committed 91% of civilian killings in Syria |work=Middle East Monitor |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220620-assad-iran-russia-committed-91-of-civilian-killings-in-syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104153837/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220620-assad-iran-russia-committed-91-of-civilian-killings-in-syria/ |archive-date=4 January 2023 }} * {{Cite web |date=September 2022 |title=Civilian Death Toll |url=https://snhr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305114908/https://snhr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/ |archive-date=5 March 2022 |website=SNHR }} * {{Cite news |date=19 June 2022 |title=91 percent of civilian deaths caused by Syrian regime and Russian forces: rights group |work=The New Arab |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/syria-regime-and-russia-caused-91-deaths-report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105112752/https://www.newarab.com/news/syria-regime-and-russia-caused-91-deaths-report |archive-date=5 January 2023 }} * {{Cite web |title=2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Syria |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702114009/https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/syria/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |website=U.S Department of State }} * {{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=9 January 2017 |title=Barack Obama's Shaky Legacy on Human Rights |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/09/barack-obamas-shaky-legacy-human-rights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202082511/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/09/barack-obamas-shaky-legacy-human-rights |archive-date=2 February 2021 |website=Human Rights Watch }} * {{Cite web |title=The Regional War in Syria: Summary of Caabu event with Christopher Phillips |url=https://www.caabu.org/news/news/regional-war-syria-summary-caabu-event-christopher-phillips |website=Council for Arab-British Understanding |access-date=21 May 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209022611/https://www.caabu.org/news/news/regional-war-syria-summary-caabu-event-christopher-phillips |url-status=live }}</ref> The UN estimates a minimum of 306,000 civilian deaths occurred between 2011 and 2021.<ref name="Farge"/><ref name="ohchr.org"/> As of 2022, the total death toll has risen to approximately 580,000.<ref name="GCR2P2">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect}}</ref> An additional 154,000 civilians have been [[forcibly disappeared]] or subject to [[Arbitrary arrest and detention|arbitrary detentions]] across Syria between 2011 and 2023. As of 2023, more than 135,000 individuals are being [[torture]]d, incarcerated or dead in [[Human rights in Syria#Detention Centers|Ba'athist prison networks]], including thousands of [[Woman|women]] and [[child]]ren.<ref>* {{Cite news |date=March 2023 |title=Record of Arbitrary Arrests |work=SNHR |url=https://snhr.org/blog/2021/08/14/record-of-arbitrary-arrests1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513172453/https://snhr.org/blog/2021/08/14/record-of-arbitrary-arrests1/ |archive-date=13 May 2023}} * {{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=On the 12th Anniversary of the Popular Uprising |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/12th-anniversary-popular-uprising-total-230224-civilians-documented-dead-including-15275-who-died-due-torture-154871-arrested-andor-forcibly-disappeared-and-roughly-14-million-syrians-displaced#:~:text=The%20report%20reveals%20that%20no,March%202011%20and%20March%202023. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316062415/https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/12th-anniversary-popular-uprising-total-230224-civilians-documented-dead-including-15275-who-died-due-torture-154871-arrested-andor-forcibly-disappeared-and-roughly-14-million-syrians-displaced |archive-date=16 March 2023 |website=[[ReliefWeb]]}} * {{Cite news |last=Mustafa |first=Wafa |date=18 May 2023 |title=Assad's regime took my father. Normalising relations feels like an attempt to rewrite history |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/18/assads-regime-took-my-father-normalising-relations-feels-like-an-attempt-to-rewrite-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519021625/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/18/assads-regime-took-my-father-normalising-relations-feels-like-an-attempt-to-rewrite-history |archive-date=19 May 2023}} * {{Cite web |date=9 June 2021 |title=Humans not Numbers |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/humans-not-numbers-case-international-mechanism-address-detainees-and |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411115616/https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/humans-not-numbers-case-international-mechanism-address-detainees-and |archive-date=11 April 2023 |website=[[ReliefWeb]]}} * {{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=Seven reasons why normalizing with Assad is a shameful, terrible move |url=https://diary.thesyriacampaign.org/assad-normalization-arab-league/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518154642/https://diary.thesyriacampaign.org/assad-normalization-arab-league/ |archive-date=18 May 2023 |website=The Syria campaign}}</ref> Since 2011, the Assad regime has arrested and detained children without trial until the age of 18, after which they are transferred to Syrian military field courts and killed. A 2024 investigative report by the Syrian Investigative Journalism Unit (SIRAJ) identified 24 Syrian children who were forcibly disappeared, had their assets confiscated, detained and later killed after they reached the age of 18. The report, based on inside sources within the Assad government, interviews with victims' families, and public sources, estimated that more than 6,000 detainees under the age of 18 were sentenced to death in the [[Sednaya Prison]] and an Assadist military field court in [[Al-Dimas]] between 2014 and 2017, citing eyewitness accounts of an insider within the Ba'athist military police.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Ali Al Ibrahim |author2=Mohamad Skaf |date= 28 October 2024|title=Delayed Execution: The Syrian Regime Detains Minors in Prisons to Execute Them Upon Reaching 18 |url=https://sirajsy.net/the-syrian-regime-detains-minors/ |website=SIRAJ |access-date=31 October 2024 |archive-date=21 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121052540/https://sirajsy.net/the-syrian-regime-detains-minors/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2024 |title=Syria regime detained children until 18 before executing them under 'terrorism' law, investigation reveals |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241029-syria-regime-detained-children-until-18-before-executing-them-under-terrorism-law-investigation-reveals/#comment-6582201907 |work=Middle East Monitor |access-date=31 October 2024 |archive-date=21 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121052320/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241029-syria-regime-detained-children-until-18-before-executing-them-under-terrorism-law-investigation-reveals/#comment-6582201907 |url-status=live }}</ref> === War crimes === {{Further|Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war|Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war}} {{quote box|"The nature and extent of Assad's violence is strategic in design and effect. He is pursuing a [[state terrorism|strategy of terror]], [[siege]], and [[Ethnic cleansing|depopulation]] in key areas, calculating that winning back the loyalty of much of the [[Sunni]] middle class and underclass is highly unlikely and certainly not worth the resources and political capital. Better to level half the country than to give it over to the [[Syrian opposition|opposition]]." | source = — Emile Hokayem, Senior Fellow at [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2016 |last=Hokayem| first=Emile|title="Assad or We Burn the Country" |url=https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323074045/https://warontherocks.com/2016/08/assad-or-we-burn-the-country-misreading-sectarianism-and-the-regime-in-syria/ |archive-date=23 March 2022 |website=War on the rocks}}</ref> | align = right | width = 25em }} Numerous politicians, dissidents, authors and journalists have nicknamed Assad as the "butcher" of Syria for his war-crimes, [[Anti-Sunnism|anti-Sunni]] sectarian mass-killings, [[Chemical warfare|chemical weapons attacks]] and [[ethnic cleansing]] campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holland |first=Jack |title=Selling War and Peace: Syria and the Anglosphere |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781108489249 |location=New York |page=211 |chapter=7: Proxy War}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dagher |first=Sam |title=Assad Or We Burn the Country: How One Family's Lust for Power Destroyed Syria |url=https://archive.org/details/assadorweburncou0000dagh |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-316-55670-5 |location=New York|chapter=15: Don't Stay with the Butcher}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tibi |first=Bassam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXAdAAAAQBAJ |title=The Shari'a State: Arab Spring and Democratization |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-66216-1 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Warrick |first=Jobby |title=Red Line |url=https://archive.org/details/redlineunravelin0000warr |publisher=Doubleday |year=2021 |isbn=9780385544467 |location=New York}}</ref> The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] has stated that at least 10 European citizens were tortured by the Assad government while detained during the Syrian civil war, potentially leaving Assad open to prosecution by individual European countries for [[war crime]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-12-15/us-says-europeans-tortured-by-assads-death-machine |title=U.S. says Europeans killed by Assad's death machine |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=Bloomberg News |first1=Josh |last1=Rogin |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413082059/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-12-15/us-says-europeans-tortured-by-assads-death-machine |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CNN sarin report" /> [[UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]] Navi Pillay stated in December 2013 that UN investigations directly implicated Bashar al-Assad guilty of [[crimes against humanity]] and pursuing an extermination strategy developed "at the highest level of government, including the [[President of Syria|head of state]]."<ref>{{cite news |date=2 December 2013 |title=UN implicates Bashar al-Assad in Syria war crimes |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25189834 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331104230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25189834 |archive-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> [[Stephen Rapp]], the [[United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues|U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues]], stated in 2014 that the crimes committed by Assad are the worst seen since those of [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/fbi-says-europeans-tortured-by-assad-regime |title=FBI says Europeans tortured by Assad regime |first1=Tamar |last1=Pileggi |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-date=14 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114063429/http://www.timesofisrael.com/fbi-says-europeans-tortured-by-assad-regime/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2015, Rapp further stated that the case against Assad is "much better" than those against [[Slobodan Milošević]] of Serbia or [[Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)|Charles Taylor]] of Liberia, both of whom were indicted by international tribunals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/us-war-crimes-case-assad-milosevic-29542721 |title=US: War Crimes Case Vs. Assad Better Than One for Milosevic |work=ABC News |first1=Cara |last1=Anna |agency=Associated Press |date=11 March 2015 |access-date=11 March 2015 |archive-date=23 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132342/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/us-war-crimes-case-assad-milosevic-29542721 |url-status=live }}</ref> Charles Lister, Director of the Countering Terror and Extremism Program at [[Middle East Institute]], describes Bashar al-Assad as "21st century's biggest war criminal".<ref name="auto"/> [[File:Bombing_of_Darayya.png|thumb|240x240px|Bombing of [[Darayya]] suburb of [[Damascus]] by the [[Syrian Air Force|Syrian Arab Air Force]], 17 June 2016]] In a February 2015 interview with the [[BBC]], Assad dismissed accusations that the [[Syrian Arab Air Force]] used [[barrel bomb]]s as "childish", claiming that his forces have never used these types of "barrel" bombs and responded with a joke about not using "cooking pots" either.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/assad-syria-interview-bbc-barrel-bombs-facts-video |title='There are no barrel bombs': Assad's Syria 'facts' |publisher=Channel Four News |date=10 February 2015 |access-date=12 February 2015 |archive-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212212426/http://www.channel4.com/news/assad-syria-interview-bbc-barrel-bombs-facts-video |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''[[BBC]] Middle East'' editor conducting the interview, [[Jeremy Bowen]], later described Assad's statement regarding barrel bombs as "patently not true".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31438916 |title=What does Assad really think about Syria's civil war? |work=BBC News |date=15 February 2014 |access-date=15 February 2015 |last=Bowen |first=Jeremy |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215040413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31438916 |url-status=live }}</ref><!--The Syrian Arab Air Force's use of barrel bombs is well documented.--><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-02-04/what-are-barrel-bombs-and-why-syrian-military-using-them |title=What are 'barrel bombs' and why is the Syrian military using them? |publisher=PRI |date=4 February 2014 |access-date=14 February 2015 |last=Bell |first=Matthew |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215185404/http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-02-04/what-are-barrel-bombs-and-why-syrian-military-using-them |url-status=live }}</ref> As soon as [[Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war|demonstrations arose in 2011–2012]], Bashar al-Assad opted to implement the "[[Samson Option|Samson option]]", the characteristic approach of the [[Neo-ba'athist]] regime since the era of Hafez al-Assad; wherein protests were violently suppressed and demonstrators were shot and fired at directly by the armed forces. However, unlike Hafez; Bashar had even less loyalty and was politically fragile, exacerbated by alienation of the majority of the population. As a result, Bashar chose to crack down on dissent far more comprehensively and harshly than his father; and a mere allegation of collaboration was reason enough to get assassinated.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Ashraf Allam |author2=Salah Saber|title=Assad's Survival: The Symbol Of Resisting The Arab Spring |publisher=Lamar |year=2019 |isbn=978-977-85412-3-6 |location=Alexandria, Egypt |pages=29–38 |chapter=The domestic structure of the regime}}</ref> [[Nadim Shehadi]], the director of [[The Fares Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies]], stated that "In the early 1990s, Saddam Hussein was massacring his people and we were worried about the weapons inspectors," and claimed that "Assad did that too. He kept us busy with chemical weapons when he massacred his people."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jun-11/301349-iran-spends-billions-to-prop-up-assad.ashx |title=Iran spends billions to prop up Assad |publisher=TDA |agency=Bloomberg |date=11 June 2015 |access-date=11 June 2015 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517021040/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2015/Jun-11/301349-iran-spends-billions-to-prop-up-assad.ashx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/19/a-damning-indictment-of-syrian-president-assad-s-systematic-massacres.html |title=A Damning Indictment of Syrian President Assad's Systematic Massacres |newspaper=The Daily Beast |last1=Dettmer |first1=Jamie |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=21 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418223422/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/19/a-damning-indictment-of-syrian-president-assad-s-systematic-massacres.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Contrasting the policies of Hafez al-Assad and that of his son Bashar, former [[Vice President of Syria|Syrian vice-president]] and [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Ba'athist]] dissident [[Abdul Halim Khaddam]] states: <blockquote>"The Father had a mind and the Son has a loss of reason. How could the army use its force and the security apparatus with all its might to destroy Syria because of a protest against the mistakes of one of your security officials. The father would act differently. Father Hafez hit Hama after he encircled it, warned and then hit Hama after a long siege... But his son is different. On the subject of Daraa, Bashar gave instructions to open fire on the demonstrators."<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Ashraf Allam |author2=Salah Saber |title=Assad's Survival: The Symbol Of Resisting The Arab Spring |publisher=Lamar |year=2019 |isbn=978-977-85412-3-6 |location=Alexandria, Egypt |pages=33–34 |chapter=The domestic structure of the regime}}</ref></blockquote> Human rights organizations and criminal investigators have documented Assad's war crimes and sent it to the [[International Criminal Court]] for indictment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nebehay |first1=Stephanie |date=10 June 2014 |title=Assad tops list of Syria war crimes suspects handed to ICC: former prosecutor |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0EL25020140610?irpc=932 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129194851/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/10/us-syria-crisis-warcrimes-idUSKBN0EL25020140610?irpc=932 |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Since Syria is not a party to the [[Rome Statute]], [[International Criminal Court]] requires authorization from the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] to send Bashar al-Assad to tribunal. As this gets consistently [[veto]]ed by Assad's primary backer [[Russia]], ICC prosecutions have not transpired. On the other hand, courts in various European countries have begun prosecuting and convicting senior Ba'ath party members, [[Syrian Armed Forces|Syrian military]] commanders and ''[[Mukhabarat]]'' officials charged with war crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swart |first=Mia |date=15 March 2021 |title=National courts lead the way in prosecuting Syrian war crimes |work=Al Jazeera News |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/national-courts-lead-the-way-in-prosecuting-syrian-war-crimes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303174028/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/national-courts-lead-the-way-in-prosecuting-syrian-war-crimes |archive-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> In September 2015, France began an inquiry into Assad for [[crimes against humanity]], with French Foreign Minister [[Laurent Fabius]] stating "Faced with these crimes that offend the human conscience, this bureaucracy of horror, faced with this denial of the values of humanity, it is our responsibility to act against the impunity of the killers".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/france-opens-war-crimes-inquiry-against-assad-regime-222026549.html |title=France opens probe into Assad regime for crimes against humanity |work=Yahoo News |agency=Agence France-Presse |last1=Talagrand |first1=Pauline |date=30 September 2015 |access-date=1 October 2015 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930084126/http://news.yahoo.com/france-opens-war-crimes-inquiry-against-assad-regime-222026549.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2016, head of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria, [[Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro|Paulo Pinheiro]], told reporters: "The mass scale of deaths of detainees suggests that the government of Syria is responsible for acts that amount to extermination as a crime against humanity." The UN Commission reported finding "unimaginable abuses", including women and children as young as seven perishing while being held by Syrian authorities. The report also stated: "There are reasonable grounds to believe that high-ranking officers{{snd}}including the heads of branches and directorates{{snd}}commanding these detention facilities, those in charge of the military police, as well as their civilian superiors, knew of the vast number of deaths occurring in detention facilities ... yet did not take action to prevent abuse, investigate allegations or prosecute those responsible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/un-probe-accuses-damascus-extermination-detainees-131405484.html |title=UN probe accuses Syria govt of 'exterminating' detainees |work=Yahoo News |agency=Agence France-Presse |last1=Larson |first1=Nina |date=8 February 2016 |access-date=11 February 2016 |archive-date=9 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209093447/http://news.yahoo.com/un-probe-accuses-damascus-extermination-detainees-131405484.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2016, the [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs]] led by [[New Jersey]] Rep. [[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]] called on the Obama administration to create a war crimes [[tribunal]] to investigate and prosecute violations "whether committed by the officials of the Government of Syria or other parties to the civil war".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/02/assad-war-crimes-russia-us-congress-persecution-cholera.html |title=Congress goes after Assad for war crimes |publisher=Al Monitor |last1=Pecquet |first1=Julian |date=1 March 2016 |access-date=1 March 2016 |archive-date=29 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229102201/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/02/assad-war-crimes-russia-us-congress-persecution-cholera.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2018, Germany's chief prosecutor issued an international arrest warrant for one of Assad's most senior military officials, [[Jamil Hassan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/germany-seeks-arrest-of-leading-syrian-general-on-war-crimes-charges/2018/06/08/2fa025d0-6b21-11e8-a335-c4503d041eaf_story.html |title=Germany seeks arrest of leading Syrian general on war crimes charges |last=Loveluck |first=Louisa |date=8 June 2018 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=12 June 2018 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163014/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/germany-seeks-arrest-of-leading-syrian-general-on-war-crimes-charges/2018/06/08/2fa025d0-6b21-11e8-a335-c4503d041eaf_story.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hassan is the head of Syria's powerful [[Air Force Intelligence Directorate]]. Detention centers run by Air Force Intelligence are among the most notorious in Syria, and thousands are believed to have died because of [[torture]] or neglect. Charges filed against Hassan claim he had command responsibility over the facilities and therefore knew of the abuse. The move against Hassan marked an important milestone of prosecutors trying to bring senior members of Assad's inner circle to trial for war crimes. In an investigative report about the [[Tadamon Massacre]], Professors [[Uğur Ümit Üngör]] and Annsar Shahhoud, found witnesses who attested that Assad gave orders for the [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|Syrian Military Intelligence]] to direct the [[Shabiha]] to kill civilians.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/how-a-massacre-of-nearly-300-in-syria-was-revealed/ | title=How a Massacre of Nearly 300 in Syria Was Revealed | newspaper=New Lines Magazine | date=27 April 2022 | first1=Annsar | last1=Shahhoud | first2=Uğur | last2=Ümit Üngör | access-date=1 May 2022 | archive-date=27 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427195055/https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/how-a-massacre-of-nearly-300-in-syria-was-revealed/ | url-status=live }}</ref> === 2023–2024 arrest warrant and legal proceedings === On 15 November 2023, France issued an arrest warrant against Syrian President Bashar Assad over the use of banned chemical weapons against civilians in Syria.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=France issues arrest warrant for Syria's President Assad – source |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/france-issues-arrest-warrants-against-syrias-president-assad-source-2023-11-15/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> In May 2024, French anti-terrorism prosecutors requested the Paris appeals court to consider revoking Assad's arrest warrant, asserting his absolute immunity as a serving head of state.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last1=Surk |first1=Barbara |last2=Turnbull |first2=Alex |date=26 June 2024 |title=Paris court upholds validity of France's arrest warrant for Syrian President Bashar Assad |url=https://apnews.com/article/syria-france-assad-war-crimes-arrest-warrant-d64d25b39801dafdcbe031558b52b81b |work=Associated Press}}</ref> On 26 June 2024, the Paris appeals court determined that the international arrest warrant issued by France against Assad for alleged complicity in war crimes during the Syrian civil war remains valid. This decision was confirmed by attorneys involved in the case.<ref name=":3" /> According to the lawyers, this ruling marked the first instance where a national court acknowledged that the personal immunity of a serving head of state is not absolute, as reported by The Associated Press.<ref name=":3" /> ===Chemical attacks=== {{Main|Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war}} {{See also|Syria and weapons of mass destruction}} The [[Syrian Arab Armed Forces|Syrian military]] has deployed chemical warfare as a systematic military strategy in the [[Syrian civil war]], and is estimated to have committed over 300 [[Chemical warfare|chemical attacks]], targeting civilian populations throughout the course of the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Loveluck |first=Louisa |date=17 February 2019 |title=Syrian army responsible for Douma chemical weapons attack, watchdog confirms |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrian-military-linked-to-more-than-300-chemical-attacks-report-says/2019/02/16/c6e128de-31d4-11e9-ac6c-14eea99d5e24_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301032936/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrian-military-linked-to-more-than-300-chemical-attacks-report-says/2019/02/16/c6e128de-31d4-11e9-ac6c-14eea99d5e24_story.html |archive-date=1 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Michael |date=17 February 2019 |title=Syria used chemical weapons more than 300 times, researchers say |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/430414-syria-used-chemical-weapons-more-than-300-times-researchers-say/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219014216/https://thehill.com/policy/international/430414-syria-used-chemical-weapons-more-than-300-times-researchers-say/ |archive-date=19 February 2019}}</ref> Investigation conducted by the [[Global Public Policy Institute (GPPi)|GPPi]] research institute documented 336 confirmed attacks involving chemical weapons in Syria between 23 December 2012 and 18 January 2019. The study attributed 98% of the total verified chemical attacks to the Assad's regime. Almost 90% of the attacks had occurred after the [[Ghouta chemical attack]] in August 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Tobias Schneider |author2=Theresa Lutkefend |date=February 2019 |title=Nowhere to Hide: The Logic of Chemical Weapons Use in Syria |url=https://www.gppi.net/media/GPPi_Schneider_Luetkefend_2019_Nowhere_to_Hide_Web.pdf |journal= |pages=1–47 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216060712/https://www.gppi.net/media/GPPi_Schneider_Luetkefend_2019_Nowhere_to_Hide_Web.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2022 |via=GPPi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lombardo |first=Clare |date=17 February 2019 |title=More Than 300 Chemical Attacks Launched During Syrian Civil War, Study Says |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/17/695545252/more-than-300-chemical-attacks-launched-during-syrian-civil-war-study-says |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107103943/https://www.npr.org/2019/02/17/695545252/more-than-300-chemical-attacks-launched-during-syrian-civil-war-study-says |archive-date=7 January 2023}}</ref> [[File:Ghouta massacre4 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Children killed by pro-[[Syrian military|Assad military forces]] in the Ghouta chemical attack, the deadliest [[chemical warfare|chemical weapons attack]] in the 21st century]] Syria joined the Chemical Weapons Convention and OPCW member state in October 2013, and there are currently three OPCW missions with UN mandates to investigate chemical weapons issues in Syria. These are the Declaration Assessment Team (DAT) to verify Syrian [[Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons|declarations of CW Programme]]; [[OPCW Fact-Finding Mission in Syria|OPCW Fact-Finding Mission]] (FFM) tasked to identify the chemical attacks and type of weapons used; and the Investigation and Identification Team (IIT) which investigates the perpetrators of the chemical attacks. The conclusions are submitted to the [[United Nations|United Nations bodies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria and the OPCW |url=https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/featured-topics/opcw-and-syria#:~:text=As%20a%20result%20of%20a,completeness%20of%20Syria's%20declaration%20remain. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506165127/https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/featured-topics/opcw-and-syria |archive-date=6 May 2023 |website=OPCW| date=27 January 2023 }}</ref> In April 2021, Syria was suspended from OPCW through the public vote of member states, for not co-operating with the body's Investigation Identification Team (IIT) and violating the [[Chemical Weapons Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=21 April 2021 |title=States suspend Syria's OPCW rights over chemical attacks |work=AP News |url=https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-chemical-weapons-damascus-the-hague-syria-ab2da467f4a4d9336010a141e5178276https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-chemical-weapons-damascus-the-hague-syria-ab2da467f4a4d9336010a141e5178276 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524194220/https://apnews.com/article/netherlands-chemical-weapons-damascus-the-hague-syria-ab2da467f4a4d9336010a141e5178276 |archive-date=24 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=Conference of the States Parties adopts Decision to suspend certain rights and privileges of the Syrian Arab Republic under the CWC |url=https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2021/04/conference-states-parties-adopts-decision-suspend-certain-rights-and |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303125905/https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2021/04/conference-states-parties-adopts-decision-suspend-certain-rights-and |archive-date=3 March 2022 |website=OPCW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=Decision addressing the Possession and Use of Chemical Weapons by the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2021/04/c25dec09%28e%29.pdf |journal= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319223356/https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2021/04/c25dec09(e).pdf |archive-date=19 March 2022 |via=OPCW}}</ref> Findings of another investigation report published the OPCW-IIT in July 2021 concluded that the Syrian regime had engaged in confirmed chemical attacks at least 17 times, out of the reported 77 chemical weapon attacks attributed to Assadist forces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2021 |title=OPCW Confirms Chemical Weapons Use in Syria |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2021-07/news-briefs/opcw-confirms-chemical-weapons-use-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401005907/https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2021-07/news-briefs/opcw-confirms-chemical-weapons-use-syria |archive-date=1 April 2022 |website=Arms Control Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2021 |title=Syria has likely used chemical weapons 17 times: International chemical weapons watchdog |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/syria-has-likely-used-chemical-weapons-17-times-international-chemical-weapons-watchdog/article34724203.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606111350/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/syria-has-likely-used-chemical-weapons-17-times-international-chemical-weapons-watchdog/article34724203.ece |archive-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> As of March 2023, independent United Nations inquiry commissions have confirmed at least nine chemical attacks committed by forces loyal to the [[Assad Government|Assad government]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 March 2023 |title=Security Council Deems Syria's Chemical Weapon's Declaration Incomplete |work=United Nations: Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15220.doc.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314022057/https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15220.doc.htm |archive-date=14 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fifth-review-conference-chemical-weapons-convention-eu-priorities-reinforce-convention_en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515121348/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/fifth-review-conference-chemical-weapons-convention-eu-priorities-reinforce-convention_en |archive-date=15 May 2023 |website=European Union External Action}}</ref> [[File:2015-08-21 Gedenken am Ernst-August-Platz in Hannover an die Giftgas-Opfer von Ghouta in Syrien, (14).JPG|thumb|Members of the Syrian community in [[Hannover]] protest against Bashar al-Assad on the second anniversary of [[Ghouta chemical attacks]], 21 August 2015.]] The deadliest chemical attack have been the Ghouta chemical attacks, when Assad government forces launched the [[nerve agent]] [[sarin]] into civilian areas during its brutal [[Siege of Eastern Ghouta]] in early hours of 21 August 2013. Thousands of infected and dying victims flooded the nearby hospitals, showing symptoms such as foaming, body convulsions and other neurotoxic symptoms. An estimated 1,100–1,500 civilians; including women and children, are estimated to have been killed in the attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Sareta |date=22 August 2022 |title=Nine Years Since Ghouta: Reflecting on the Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria |url=https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/blog/nine-years-since-ghouta-chemical-weapons-in-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822152939/https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/blog/nine-years-since-ghouta-chemical-weapons-in-syria |archive-date=22 August 2022 |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=Ben Hubbard |author2=Mark Mazzetti |author3=Mark Landler|date=26 August 2013 |title=Blasts in the Night, a Smell, and a Flood of Syrian Victims |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/world/middleeast/blasts-in-the-night-a-smell-and-a-flood-of-syrian-victims.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117184248/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/world/middleeast/blasts-in-the-night-a-smell-and-a-flood-of-syrian-victims.html |archive-date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Attacks on Ghouta |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/09/10/attacks-ghouta/analysis-alleged-use-chemical-weapons-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102104640/https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/09/10/attacks-ghouta/analysis-alleged-use-chemical-weapons-syria |archive-date=2 November 2022 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> The attack was internationally condemned and represented the deadliest use of chemical weapons since the [[Iran–Iraq War|Iran-Iraq war]].<ref>{{cite news |author=S.B. |date=21 August 2013 |title=Syria's war: If this isn't a red line, what is? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2013/08/syria-s-war |url-status=live |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220174814/http://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2013/08/syria-s-war |archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2013 |title=Syria gas attack: death toll at 1,400 worst since Halabja |url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/syria-uprising/54759/syria-gas-attack-death-toll-1400-worst-halabja |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825115627/http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/syria-uprising/54759/syria-gas-attack-death-toll-1400-worst-halabja |archive-date=25 August 2013 |access-date=24 August 2013 |work=The Week}}</ref> On 21 August 2022, United States government marked the ninth anniversary of Ghouta Chemical attacks stating: "[[United States]] remembers and honors the victims and survivors of the Ghouta attack and the many other chemical attacks we assess the Assad regime has launched. We condemn in the strongest possible terms any use of chemical weapons anywhere, by anyone, under any circumstances... The United States calls on the Assad regime to fully declare and destroy its [[Syria chemical weapons program|chemical weapons program]]... and for the regime to allow the [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons|Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]]' Declaration Assessment Team."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2022 |title=Ninth Anniversary of the Ghouta, Syria Chemical Weapons Attack |url=https://www.state.gov/ninth-anniversary-of-the-ghouta-syria-chemical-weapons-attack/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526194512/https://www.state.gov/ninth-anniversary-of-the-ghouta-syria-chemical-weapons-attack/ |archive-date=26 May 2023 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> In April 2017, a [[sarin]] [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack|chemical attack on Khan Sheikhoun]] killed more than 80 people.{{sfn|Bronner|2007|p=63}}<ref>{{cite news |date=8 May 2014 |title=Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria |page=23 |publisher=International Crisis Group |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/151-flight-of-icarus-the-pyd-s-precarious-rise-in-syria.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220181554/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/151-flight-of-icarus-the-pyd-s-precarious-rise-in-syria.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2016 |quote=The regime aims to compel people to take refuge in their sectarian and communitarian identities; to split each community into competing branches, dividing those who support it from those who oppose it}}</ref><ref name="Entous, Nissenbaum" /> In response, U.S. president [[Donald Trump]] ordered an [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike against the Syrian Shayrat base]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/05/middleeast/syria-airstrike-idlib-how-it-unfolded/index.html |title=Airstrike to US intervention: How attack unfolded |author1=Lauren Said-Moorhouse |author2=Sarah Tilotta |work=CNN|access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612165854/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/05/middleeast/syria-airstrike-idlib-how-it-unfolded/index.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WhyWasSharyatAirbaseBombed">{{cite news |date=7 April 2017 |title=Syria war: Why was Shayrat airbase bombed? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39531045 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=30 April 2024 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430182855/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39531045 |url-status=live }}</ref> A joint report from the UN and international chemical weapons inspectors concluded that Assad regime perpetrated the sarin attack.<ref name="CNN sarin report">{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/26/middleeast/syria-khan-sheikhoun-chemical-attack-sarin/index.html |title=UN: Syria responsible for sarin attack that killed scores |author1=Steve Almasy |author2=Richard Roth |work=CNN|access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612174315/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/26/middleeast/syria-khan-sheikhoun-chemical-attack-sarin/index.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ReutersSyriaChemicalWeaponsKhanSheikhoun">{{cite news |last=Campos |first=Rodrigo |date=27 October 2017 |title=Syrian government to blame for April sarin attack: U.N. report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1CV3GF/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=30 April 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424151004/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1CV3GF/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2018, a [[Douma chemical attack|chemical attack occurred in Douma]], prompting the U.S. and its allies to accuse Assad of violating international law and initiated joint [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes at chemical weapons facilities in Damascus and Homs]]. Both Syria and Russia denied involvement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/un-syria-haley-chemical-weapons.html|title=U.S. Says Syria Has Used Chemical Weapons at Least 50 Times During War|work=The New York Times|date=13 April 2018|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802140836/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/un-syria-haley-chemical-weapons.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Helene|last2=Gibbons-Neff|first2=Thomas|last3=Hubbard|first3=Ben|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/trump-strikes-syria-attack.html|title=U.S., Britain and France Strike Syria Over Suspected Chemical Weapons Attack|work=The New York Times|date=13 April 2018|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414012221/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/trump-strikes-syria-attack.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The third report published on 27 January 2023 by the OPCW-IIT concluded that the Assad regime was responsible for the [[2018 Douma chemical attack]] which killed at least 43 civilians.{{Efn|Sources: * {{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=OPCW Releases Third Report by Investigation and Identification Team |url=https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2023/01/opcw-releases-third-report-investigation-and-identification-team |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127111421/https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2023/01/opcw-releases-third-report-investigation-and-identification-team |archive-date=27 January 2023}} * {{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=Third Report by the OPCW Investigation and Identification Team |url=https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/01/s-2125-2023%28e%29.pdf |journal= |pages=2–139 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127111959/https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/01/s-2125-2023(e).pdf |archive-date=27 January 2023 |via=OPCW}} * {{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=Joint Statement on OPCW Report Finding Syrian Regime Responsible for Chemical Weapons Attack in Douma, Syria on April 7, 2018 |url=https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-on-opcw-report-finding-syrian-regime-responsible-for-chemical-weapons-attack-in-douma-syria-on-april-7-2018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128024629/https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-on-opcw-report-finding-syrian-regime-responsible-for-chemical-weapons-attack-in-douma-syria-on-april-7-2018/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |website=U.S Department of State}} * {{Cite news |date=27 January 2023 |title=OPCW blames Syria gov't for 2018 chlorine gas attack in Douma |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/27/opcw-blames-syria-government-forces-for-2018-douma-chlorine-gas-attack}} * {{Cite news |date=27 January 2023 |title=Watchdog blames Syria for 2018 Douma chemical attack |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64424831 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128025152/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64424831 |archive-date=28 January 2023}} * {{Cite news |last=Chulov |first=Martin |date=27 January 2023 |title=Syrian regime found responsible for Douma chemical attack |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/27/syrian-regime-found-responsible-for-douma-chemical-weapons-attack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127200237/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/27/syrian-regime-found-responsible-for-douma-chemical-weapons-attack |archive-date=27 January 2023}} * {{Cite news |last=Loveluck |first=Louisa |date=27 January 2023 |title=Syrian army responsible for Douma chemical weapons attack, watchdog confirms |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/27/syria-chemical-weapons-douma-opcw/}}}} === Comments on the Holocaust === {{See also|Holocaust denial}} In a speech delivered at the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Ba'ath party]]'s central committee meeting in December 2023, Bashar al-Assad claimed that there was "no evidence" of the killings of six million Jews during [[the Holocaust]]. Emphasizing that Jews were not the sole [[Holocaust victims|victims of Nazi extermination campaigns]], Assad alleged that the Holocaust was "politicized" by [[Allied Powers (World War II)|Allied powers]] to facilitate the mass-deportation of [[European Jews]] to Palestine, and that it was used as an excuse to justify the creation of Israel. Assad also accused the U.S. government of financially and militarily sponsoring the [[rise of Nazism]] during the [[Interwar period|inter-war period]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Silkoff |first=Shira |date=20 December 2023 |title=Syria's Assad claims Holocaust was a lie fabricated to justify creation of Israel |work=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/syrias-assad-claims-holocaust-was-a-lie-fabricated-to-justify-creation-of-israel/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220150406/https://www.timesofisrael.com/syrias-assad-claims-holocaust-was-a-lie-fabricated-to-justify-creation-of-israel/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2023 |title=Syrian President Assad denies Holocaust and accuses U.S. of funding Nazis in controversial speech |work=i24news |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy/1703081866-syrian-president-assad-denies-holocaust-and-accuses-u-s-of-funding-nazis-in-controversial-speech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220142407/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy/1703081866-syrian-president-assad-denies-holocaust-and-accuses-u-s-of-funding-nazis-in-controversial-speech |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref> ==Public image== === Domestic opposition and support === {{Further|Syrian opposition}} [[File:Syrian_Civil_War_map_(March_15_2013).svg|thumb|[[Syrian opposition]] in March 2013]] The secular resistance to Assad rule is mainly represented by the [[Syrian National Council]] and [[National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces]], two political bodies that constitute a coalition of [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] and [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] factions of the [[Syrian opposition]]. Military commanders and civilian leaders of [[Free Syrian Army]] militias are represented in these councils. The coalition represents the political wing of the [[Syrian Interim Government]] and seeks the [[democratic transition]] of Syria through grass-roots activism, protests and armed [[Resistance movement|resistance]] to overthrow the Ba'athist dictatorship.<ref name="nahex">{{cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Syria Opposition Expands, Closes Meeting |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/85113-syria-opposition-expands-closes-meeting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625042548/http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/85113-syria-opposition-expands-closes-meeting |archive-date=25 June 2013 |work=Naharnet}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite news|date=23 August 2011 |title=Syrian activists form a 'national council' |work=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/08/23/syria.un.resolution/index.html?eref=mrss_igoogle_cnn |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012915/http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/08/23/syria.un.resolution/index.html?eref=mrss_igoogle_cnn |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sayigh |first=Yezid |date=April 2013 |title=The Syrian Opposition's Leadership Problem |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/files/syrian_leaderiship_problem.pdf|location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |pages=1–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916020532/https://carnegieendowment.org/files/syrian_leaderiship_problem.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> A less influential faction within the Syrian opposition is the [[National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change]] (NCC), a coalition of [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[Socialism|socialist]] parties that seek to end the rule of [[Al-Assad family|Assad family]] but without [[Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war|foreign involvement]]. Established in June 2011, major parties in the NCC coalition are the [[Democratic Arab Socialist Union]], [[Syrian Democratic People's Party]] and the [[Communist Labour Party (Syria)|Communist Labour Party]].<ref name="Guide to the Syrian opposition">{{Cite news |date=17 October 2013 |title=Guide to the Syrian opposition |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15798218 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104105606/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-15798218 |archive-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> [[National Democratic Rally (Syria)|National Democratic Rally]] (NDR) was an older left-wing opposition coalition of [[Socialism|socialist]] parties formed in 1980, but banned by the Baathist government. NDR was active during the nationwide protests of the 1980s and the [[Damascus Spring]] of the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daher |first=Joseph |date=30 October 2020 |title=Syria's Labor Communist Party, a rich political history |url=https://syriauntold.com/2020/10/30/syrias-labor-communist-party-a-rich-political-history-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104175433/https://syriauntold.com/2020/10/30/syrias-labor-communist-party-a-rich-political-history-2/ |archive-date=4 January 2023 |website=Syria Untold}}</ref> During the early years of the civil war, the [[Druze in Syria]] primarily sought to remain neutral, "seeking to stay out of the conflict". [[Druze-Israeli]] politician Majalli Wahabi claimed in 2016 that over half support the Assad government despite its relative weakness in Druze areas.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Druse-ex-MK-Syrian-brethren-not-abandoned-by-Assad-441879 |title=Druse ex-MK: Syrian brethren not abandoned by Assad |date=21 January 2016 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> The "Sheikhs of Dignity" movement, which had sought to remain neutral and to defend Druze areas,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/features/2015/2/7/the-neutral-druze-sheikh-angering-syrias-regime |title=The 'neutral' Druze sheikh angering Syria's regime |publisher=The New Arab |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> blamed the government after its leader [[Sheikh Wahid al-Balous]] was assassinated and organized large scale protests which left six government security personnel dead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/six-syria-regime-loyalists-killed-after-druze-cleric-assassinated/ |title=Six Syria regime loyalists killed after Druze cleric assassinated |work=The Times of Israel |agency=AFP and AP |date=5 September 2015 |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Druze community became fervently opposed to the Assad government over time and has been vocal about its opposition to increasing Iranian interference in Syria.<ref name="Abdulhamid">{{Cite journal |last=Abdulhamid |first=Ammar |date=5 February 2024 |title=The Syrian Conflict |url=https://www.cjlpa.org/post/the-syrian-conflict-the-myth-of-containment-and-the-realities-of-accountability |journal=The Cambridge Journal of Law, Politics, and Art |via=cjlpa.org}}</ref> In August 2023, mass protests against Assad regime erupted in the Druze-majority city of [[As-Suwayda|Suweida]],<ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 2023 |title=Protests in southern Syria as economy worsens |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/08/protests-southern-syria-economy-worsens |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East}}</ref><ref name="Sinjab">{{Cite news |last=Sinjab |first=Lina |date=24 August 2023 |title=Syria: Protests over growing economic hardship spread in south |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-66607118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825090905/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-66607118 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=26 August 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> which eventually spread to other [[Southern Syria protests (2023 – present)|regions of Southern Syria]].<ref name="Sinjab"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2023 |title=Syria Protests Spurred by Economic Misery Stir Memories of the 2011 Anti-Government Uprising |url=https://english.aawsat.com/features/4514386-syria-protests-spurred-economic-misery-stir-memories-2011-anti-government-uprising |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829122111/https://english.aawsat.com/features/4514386-syria-protests-spurred-economic-misery-stir-memories-2011-anti-government-uprising |archive-date=29 August 2023 |work=Asharq al-Awsat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=al-Mahmoud |first=Hussam |date=12 February 2024 |title=Six months into As-Suwayda uprising, What is the future of street protests? |url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/02/six-months-into-as-suwayda-uprising-what-is-the-future-of-street-protests/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212161419/https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/02/six-months-into-as-suwayda-uprising-what-is-the-future-of-street-protests/ |archive-date=12 February 2024 |work=Enab Baladi}}</ref> Druze cleric Hikmat al-Hajiri, religious leader of Syrian Druze community, has declared war against "Iranian invasion of the country".<ref name="Abdulhamid"/> Syrian [[Sufism|Sufi]] scholar [[Muhammad al-Yaqoubi]], a fervent opponent of both the Ba'athist regime and [[Islamic State]] group, has described Assad's rule as a "reign of terror" that wreaked havoc and enormous misery on the Syrian populace.<ref>{{Cite news |last=al-Yaqoubi |first=Muhammad |date=5 December 2014 |title=To defeat the Islamic State we must first remove Bashar al-Assad |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/defeating-the-islamic-state-requires-first-ousting-bashar-al-assad/2014/12/05/8097b9f8-7c05-11e4-9a27-6fdbc612bff8_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816235657/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/defeating-the-islamic-state-requires-first-ousting-bashar-al-assad/2014/12/05/8097b9f8-7c05-11e4-9a27-6fdbc612bff8_story.html |archive-date=16 August 2022}}</ref> The regime's support base consisted of [[Ba'athism|Ba'athist]] loyalists who dominate Syrian politics, [[trade union]]s, youth organizations, [[Students' union|students unions]], [[bureaucracy]] and [[Syrian Armed Forces|armed forces]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Awad |first=Ziad |title=The 2022 Syrian Local Elections: A Leadership Rooted in Regime Networks |date= 2023 |publisher=European University Institute |isbn=978-92-9466-358-0 |location=San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy |pages=5–20 |doi=10.2870/52247 |issue=1}}</ref> [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Ba'ath party]] institutions and its political activities form the "vital pillars of regime survival". Family networks of politicians in the Ba'ath party-led [[National Progressive Front (Syria)|National Progressive Front]] (NPF) and businessmen loyal to the Assad family form another pole of support. Electoral listing is supervised by Ba'ath party leadership which expels candidates not deemed "sufficiently loyal".<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Carl Yonker |author2=Christopher Solomon |title=The Banality of Authoritarian Control: Syria's Ba'ath Party Marches On |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/83906 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202101520/https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/83906 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |website=carnegieendowment.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Assad: The Presidency That Never Ends |url=https://crd.org/al-assad/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226152530/https://crd.org/al-assad/ |archive-date=26 February 2023 |website=[[Civil Rights Defenders]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awad |first=Ziad |title=The 2022 Syrian Local Elections: A Leadership Rooted in Regime Networks |year=2023 |publisher=European University Institute |isbn=978-92-9466-358-0 |location= San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy |pages=5–20 |doi=10.2870/52247 |issue=1}}</ref> Although it has been reported at various stages of the Syrian civil war that [[Religion in Syria|religious minorities]] such as the [[Alawites]] and [[Christianity in Syria|Christians in Syria]] favour the Assad government because of its secularism,<ref>"[http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/2014/0122/Loyalty-to-Assad-runs-deep-on-Syrian-coast Loyalty to Assad runs deep on Syrian coast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627151953/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/2014/0122/Loyalty-to-Assad-runs-deep-on-Syrian-coast|date=27 June 2015}}". ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''. 22 January 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syrias-christians-stand-by-assad/ |title=Syria's Christians stand by Assad |work=[[CBS News]] |date=6 February 2012 |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=11 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111004508/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-57372175-503543/syrias-christians-stand-by-assad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> opposition exists among [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] Christians who have claimed that the Assad government seeks to use them as "puppets" and deny their distinct ethnicity, which is non-Arab.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/culture/a-glifmpse-into-the-world-of-syrias-christian-sutoro-fighters-video_24956 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150407135145/http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/culture/a-glifmpse-into-the-world-of-syrias-christian-sutoro-fighters-video_24956 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2015 |last=Ahmad |first=Rozh |title=A glimpse into the world of Syria's Christian "Sutoro" fighters (video) |publisher=Your Middle East |date=23 September 2014 |access-date=17 March 2015 |quote=The regime wants us to be puppets, deny our ethnicity and demand an Arab-only state. }}</ref> Although Syria's [[Alawites|Alawite]] community forms Bashar al-Assad's core support base and dominate the [[Syrian Military|military]] and [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|security apparatus]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/20111010122434671982.html |title=Assad's Alawites: The guardians of the throne |first=Nir |last=Rosen |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/syrias-alawites-the-people-behind-assad-1435166941 Syria's Alawites: The People Behind Assad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226142611/https://www.wsj.com/articles/syrias-alawites-the-people-behind-assad-1435166941 |date=26 February 2017 }} ''The Wall Street Journal'', 25 June 2015.</ref> in April 2016, [[BBC News]] reported that Alawite leaders released a document seeking to distance themselves from Assad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-35941679 |title=Syrian Alawites distance themselves from Assad |work=BBC News |last=Wyatt |first=Caroline |date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref> [[File:Syrian Civil War map (November 24, 2023).svg|thumb|Military situation, November 2023 – November 2024]] [[Kurdish Supreme Committee]] was a coalition of 13 Kurdish political parties opposed to Assad regime. Before its dissolution in 2015, the committee consisted of [[Kurdish National Council|KNC]] and [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]].<ref name="Guide to the Syrian opposition"/> [[Circassians in Syria]] have also become strong opponents of the regime as Ba'athist crackdowns and massacres across Syria intensified viciously; and members of Circassian ethnic minority have attempted to escape Syria, fearing persecution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richmond |first=Walter |title=The Circassian Genocide |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8135-6068-7 |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |page=170 |chapter=8: The Road to Sochi}}</ref> In 2014, the Christian [[Syriac Military Council]], the largest Christian organization in Syria, allied with the Free Syrian Army opposed to Assad,<ref name="SyriacMilitaryCouncil">{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/25/world/meast/us-syria-rebel-agreement/ |last1=Bronstein |first1=Scott |last2=Griffin |first2=Drew |title=Syrian rebel groups unite to fight ISIS |work=CNN|date=26 September 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |quote=Under the agreement, moderate Muslim rebel groups fighting under the Supreme Military Council of Syria agreed to form an alliance with the predominantly Christian Syriac Military Council.}}</ref> joining other Syrian Christian militias such as the [[Sutoro]] who had joined the Syrian opposition against the Assad government.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/21/syria-christian-islamic-state/18915275 |title=Remaining Christians in Syria fight to save their land |work=USA Today |first1=Sophie |last1=Cousins |date=22 December 2014 |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> [[Abu Mohammad al-Julani]], commander of the [[Tahrir al-Sham]] rebel militia, condemned Assad regime for converting Syria "into an ongoing earthquake the past 12 years", in the context of the [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes]].<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Ruth Michaelson |author2=Lorenzo Tondo |date=13 February 2023 |title=Syrian rebel leader pleads for outside help a week on from earthquakes |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/13/syria-earthquake-rebel-leader-pleas-for-outside-help |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214012142/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/13/syria-earthquake-rebel-leader-pleas-for-outside-help |archive-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> "In June 2014, Assad won a disputed [[2014 Syrian presidential election|presidential election]] held in government-controlled areas (and boycotted in opposition-held areas<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/03/syria-presidential-electi_n_5435706.html |title=Syria's 2014 Presidential Election Ignored in Opposition-Held Areas |work=HuffPost |date=2 August 2014 |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> and Kurdish areas governed by the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|Democratic Union Party]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Wladimir van Wilgenburg |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/syria-kurds-assad-presidential-elections-pyd.html |title=Syria's Kurdish region to boycott presidential elections |work=Al-Monitor |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607230545/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/syria-kurds-assad-presidential-elections-pyd.html |archive-date=7 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>) with 88.7% of the vote. Turnout was estimated to be 73.42% of eligible voters, including those in rebel-controlled areas.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 June 2014 |title=Supreme Constitutional Court: Number of participants in Presidential elections reached at 11.634.412 with 73.42% |url=http://sana.sy/eng/393/2014/06/04/548612.htm |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |location=Damascus |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000918/http://sana.sy/eng/393/2014/06/04/548612.htm |archive-date=7 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The regime's electoral commission also disqualified millions of Syrian citizens displaced outside the country from voting.<ref>{{cite news |last=Evans |first=Dominic |date=28 April 2014 |title=Assad seeks re-election as Syrian civil war rages |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-assad-idUKKBN0DE0UY20140428 |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104163541/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-assad-idUKKBN0DE0UY20140428 |archive-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> Independent observers and academic scholarship unanimously describe the event as a [[sham election]] organized to legitimise Assad's rule.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheeseman |first=Nicholas |title=How to Rig an Election |date=2019 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24665-0 |pages=140–141 |oclc=1089560229}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Norris |first1=Pippa |last2=Martinez i Coma |first2=Ferran |last3=Grömping |first3=Max |date=2015 |title=The Year in Elections, 2014 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/electoralintegrityproject4/projects/expert-survey-2/the-year-in-elections-2015 |journal=Election Integrity Project |language=en |quote=The Syrian election ranked as worst among all the contests held during 2014. |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415091339/https://sites.google.com/site/electoralintegrityproject4/projects/expert-survey-2/the-year-in-elections-2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Mark P. |date=2018 |editor1-last=Herron |editor1-first=Erik S |editor2-last=Pekkanen |editor2-first=Robert J |editor3-last=Shugart |editor3-first=Matthew S |title=Presidential and Legislative Elections |url=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190258658-e-23 |access-date=21 May 2020 |website=The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems |language=en |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001 |isbn=978-0190258658 |quote="unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... al-Assad's 2014 election... occurred within an authoritarian context."}}</ref> In his inauguration ceremony, Bashar denounced the opposition as "terrorists" and "traitors"; while attacking the [[Western world|West]] for backing what he described as the "fake [[Arab Spring|Arab spring]]".<ref>{{cite news |last=Makdisi |first=Marwan |date=16 July 2014 |title=Confident Assad launches new term in stronger position |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-assad-idUSKBN0FL0NN20140717 |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903040841/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-assad-idUSKBN0FL0NN20140717 |archive-date=3 September 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Times of Israel|Times of Israel]]'' reported that although various individuals interviewed in a "Sunni-dominated, middle-class neighborhood of central Damascus" exhibited fealty for Assad; it was not possible to discern the actual support for the regime due to the ubiquitous influence of the [[Syrian intelligence|secret police]] in the society.<ref>"[https://www.timesofisrael.com/assad-wins-syria-presidency-with-88-7-of-vote/ Syria's Assad reelected with 88.7% of vote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126192515/http://www.timesofisrael.com/assad-wins-syria-presidency-with-88-7-of-vote/|date=26 January 2016}}". [[The Times of Israel]]. 4 June 2014.</ref> Ba'athist dissident [[Abdul Halim Khaddam]] who had served as [[Vice President of Syria|Syrian Vice President]] during the tenures of both Hafez and Bashar, disparaged Bashar al-Assad as a pawn in Iran's [[Shia crescent|imperial scheme]]. Contrasting the power dynamics that existed under both the autocrats, Khaddam stated: <blockquote>"[Bashar] is not like his father.. He never allowed the Iranians to intervene in Syrian affairs.. During Hafez Assad's time, an Iranian delegation arrived in Syria and attempted to convert some of the Muslim Alawite Syrians to Shia Islam... Assad ordered his minister of foreign Affairs to summon the Iranian ambassador to deliver an ultimatum: The delegation has 24 hours to exit Syria.... They had no power [during Hafez's rule], unlike Bashar who gave them [Iranians] power and control."<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2017 |title=Interview with Former Syrian Vice President Abdul Halim Khaddam |url=https://newsweekme.com/exclusive-interview-former-syrian-vice-president-abdul-halim-khaddam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005013940/http://newsweekme.com/exclusive-interview-former-syrian-vice-president-abdul-halim-khaddam/ |archive-date=5 October 2016 |website=NewsWeek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2016 |title=Daesh was nurtured by Iran, says former Syrian vice president |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/994396/middle-east |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006075951/http://www.arabnews.com/node/994396/middle-east |archive-date=6 October 2016 |website=Arab News}}</ref></blockquote> === International opposition === [[File:Manifestation_pro_révolution_syrienne_contre_Assad_et_Poutine_-_Paris,_14-12-2016-5.jpg|thumb|Anti-Assad demonstrations held in [[Paris]], 14 December 2016]] Foreign journalists and political observers who travelled to Syria have described it as the most "ruthless [[police state]]" in the [[Arab world|Arab World]]. Assad's violent repression of [[Damascus Spring]] of the early 2000s and the publication of a UN report that implicated him in the [[Assassination of Rafic Hariri|assassination]] of [[Lebanese Prime Minister]] [[Rafic Hariri]], exacerbated Syria's [[Post–Cold War era|post-Cold War]] isolation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bowen |first=Jeremy |title=The Arab Uprisings: The People Want the Fall of the Regime |url=https://archive.org/details/arabuprisingspeo0000bowe |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1471129827 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/arabuprisingspeo0000bowe/page/14 14], 15, 118 |chapter=Prologue: Before the Spring}}</ref><ref name="Fisher">{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |date=16 June 2012 |title=Syria's Assad has embraced pariah status |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-assad-has-embraced-pariah-status/2012/06/16/gJQAsY9shV_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618133455/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-assad-has-embraced-pariah-status/2012/06/16/gJQAsY9shV_story.html |archive-date=18 June 2012}}</ref> Following global outrage against Assad regime's deadly crackdown on the [[Arab Spring|Arab Spring protestors]] which led to the Syrian civil war, [[Scorched earth|scorched-earth policy]] against the civilian populations resulting in more than half a million deaths, [[mass murder]]s and systematic deployment of [[chemical warfare]] throughout the conflict; Bashar al-Assad became an international [[Pariah state|pariah]] and numerous world leaders have urged him to resign.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jung|last3=Beck|last2=Seeberg |first1=Dietrich|first3=Martin|first2=Peter |title=The Levant in Turmoil: Syria, Palestine, and the Transformation of Middle Eastern Politics|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-57628-9 |location= New York|pages=101–102 |chapter=5: The Crisis in Syria, International and Regional Sanctions, and the Transformation of the Political Order in the Levant}}</ref><ref name="Fisher"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Hamzah |date=24 November 2021 |title=Focus on Pariah Leaders: Bashar al-Assad |url=https://blogs.shu.edu/thediplomaticenvoy/2021/11/24/focus-on-pariah-leaders-bashar-al-assad/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208152331/http://blogs.shu.edu/thediplomaticenvoy/2021/11/24/focus-on-pariah-leaders-bashar-al-assad/ |archive-date=8 December 2022 |website=The Diplomatic Envoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=C. Tucker |first=Spencer |title=U.S Conflicts in The 21st Centiry (Volume 1) |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4408-3878-1 |location=Santa Barbara, California |pages=834, 835}}</ref> Since 2011, Bashar al-Assad has lost recognition from several international organizations such as the [[Arab League]] (in 2011),<ref name="NYT Arab League">{{cite news |last=MacFarquhar |first=Neil |date=12 November 2011 |title=Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/world/middleeast/arab-league-votes-to-suspend-syria-over-its-crackdown-on-protesters.html |access-date=12 November 2011}}</ref> [[Union for the Mediterranean]] (in 2011)<ref>{{cite news |date=1 December 2012 |title=Syria suspends its membership in Mediterranean union |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-12/01/c_131282989.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206201635/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-12/01/c_131282989.htm |archive-date=6 December 2011}}</ref> and [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Organization of Islamic Co-operation]] (in 2012).<ref name="CNN OIC">{{cite news |date=14 August 2012 |title=Regional group votes to suspend Syria; rebels claim downing of jet |work=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/13/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 |access-date=14 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2012 |title=OIC Suspends Syria Over Crackdown |work=RFE/RL |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/oic-suspends-syria/24678392.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208075035/https://www.rferl.org/amp/oic-suspends-syria/24678392.html |archive-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> [[United States]], [[European Union]], [[Turkey]], [[Arab League]] and various countries began enforcing broad sets of sanctions against Syrian regime from 2011, with the objective of forcing Assad to resign and assist in a political solution to the crisis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jung|last3=Beck|last2=Seeberg |first1=Dietrich|first3=Martin|first2=Peter |title=The Levant in Turmoil: Syria, Palestine, and the Transformation of Middle Eastern Politics |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-57628-9 |location=New York |pages=101–122 |chapter=5: The Crisis in Syria, International and Regional Sanctions, and the Transformation of the Political Order in the Levant}}</ref> International bodies have criticized one-sided elections organized by Assad government during the conflict. In the 2014 London conference of countries of the [[Friends of Syria Group|Friends of Syria group]], [[Foreign Secretary|British Foreign Secretary]] [[William Hague]] characterized Syrian elections as a "parody of democracy" and denounced the regime's "utter disregard for human life" for perpetrating [[War crime|war-crimes]] and [[State terrorism|state-terror]] on the [[Syrians|Syrian population]].<ref>{{cite news |date=15 May 2014 |title=UK's William Hague attacks Assad's Syria elections plan |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27419552 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026161021/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27419552 |archive-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> Assad's policy of holding elections under the circumstances of an ongoing civil war were also rebuked by the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]].<ref name="UN">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBREA3K0ST20140421?irpc=932 |title=Syrian election will undermine political solution: U.N.'s Ban |work=Reuters |date=21 April 2014 |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> [[File:Ted_Kaufman_with_al-Assad.jpg|thumb|Assad meets with U.S. Senator [[Ted Kaufman]] in 2009]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] suspended all relations with Syria following Bashar al-Assad's [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia]], condemning his government as a "Russian-manipulated regime" that supported [[Russian-occupied territories in Georgia|Russian occupation]] and "[[ethnic cleansing]]".{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2018 |title=US Condemns Syria for Recognizing Georgia's Breakaway Regions |work=[[Voice of America]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-condemns-syria-for-recognizing-georgia-s-breakaway-regions/4416097.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323062308/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-condemns-syria-for-recognizing-georgia-s-breakaway-regions/4416097.html |archive-date=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2018 |title=Georgia Severs Relations With Syria For Recognizing Abkhazia, South Ossetia |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530034717/https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html |archive-date=30 May 2018 |website=rferl.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2018 |title=Syria recognises Russian-backed Georgia regions |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44291091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529144450/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44291091 |archive-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>}} Following Assad's strong backing of [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and recognition of the breakaway separatist republics, [[Ukraine]] cut off all diplomatic relations with Syria in June 2022. Describing Assad's policies as "worthless", [[Ukrainian President]] [[Volodimir Zelensky]] pledged to expand further [[sanctions against Syria]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2022 |title=Ukraine's Zelenskyy cuts ties with Syria after it recognized separatist republics |work=[[Al Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/06/30/Ukraine-s-Zelenskyy-cuts-ties-with-Syria-after-it-recognized-separatist-republics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630120322/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/06/30/Ukraine-s-Zelenskyy-cuts-ties-with-Syria-after-it-recognized-separatist-republics |archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2022 |title=Ukraine Cuts Diplomatic Ties With Syria After It Recognizes Eastern Regions As Independent |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-syria-diplomatic-ties-russia-assad/31922447.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701050748/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-syria-diplomatic-ties-russia-assad/31922447.html |archive-date=1 July 2022 |website=rferl.org}}</ref> In March 2023, [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine]] put into effect a range of sanctions targeting 141 firms and 300 individuals linked to Assad regime, Russian weapons manufacturers and Iranian dronemakers. This was days after Assad's visit to [[Moscow]], wherein he justified [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] as a fight against "old and new Nazis". Bashar al-Assad, Prime Minister [[Hussein Arnous]] and Foreign Minister [[Faisal Mekdad|Faisal Mikdad]] were amongst the individuals who were sanctioned.{{Efn|<ref name="rferl.org"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2023 |title=Zelensky imposes sanctions against Syrian dictator Bashar Al-Assad, other officials |work=The Kyiv Independent |url=https://kyivindependent.com/news-feed/zelensky-imposes-sanctions-against-syrian-dictator-bashar-al-assad-other-officials |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318134326/https://kyivindependent.com/news-feed/zelensky-imposes-sanctions-against-syrian-dictator-bashar-al-assad-other-officials |archive-date=18 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2023 |title=Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 163/2023 |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1632023-46149 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319043836/https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1632023-46149 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |website=Office of the President of Ukraine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2023 |title=Zelenskyy introduces sanctions against Syria's Assad |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/zelenskyy-introduces-sanctions-against-syrias-assad/2849658 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318212055/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/zelenskyy-introduces-sanctions-against-syrias-assad/2849658 |archive-date=18 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="The New Arab">{{Cite news |date=19 March 2023 |title=Ukraine's Zelensky imposes sanctions on Syria's Assad, other officials |work=[[The New Arab]] |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/ukraines-zelensky-imposes-sanctions-syrias-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320201806/https://www.newarab.com/news/ukraines-zelensky-imposes-sanctions-syrias-assad |archive-date=20 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2023 |title=Ukraine sanctions Syrian dictator Assad, hundreds of other individuals and entities |work=TVP World |url=https://tvpworld.com/68572144/ukraine-sanctions-syrian-dictator-assad-hundreds-of-other-individuals-and-entities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319121913/https://tvpworld.com/68572144/ukraine-sanctions-syrian-dictator-assad-hundreds-of-other-individuals-and-entities |archive-date=19 March 2023}}</ref>}} Sanctions also involved freezing of all Syrian state properties in Ukraine, curtailment of monetary transactions, termination of economic commitments and recision of all official Ukrainian awards.<ref name="The New Arab"/> Syria formally broke its diplomatic ties to Ukraine on 20 July, citing the [[Reciprocity (international relations)|principle of reciprocity]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2022 |title=Syria, a close Russia ally, breaks diplomatic ties with Ukraine |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/20/syria-formally-breaks-diplomatic-ties-with-ukraine}}</ref> [[File:Rückschrittskoalition_stoppen_protest_and_protest_against_Assad_in_Berlin_2023-03-18_01_(cropped)3.jpg|thumb|Anti-Assad demonstrations in [[Berlin]], 18 March 2023]] In April 2023, a French court declared three high-ranking Ba'athist security officials guilty of [[crimes against humanity]], [[torture]], and various war-crimes against French-Syrian citizens. These included [[Ali Mamlouk]], director of [[National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|National Security Bureau of Syrian Ba'ath party]] and [[Jamil Hassan]], former head of the [[Air Force Intelligence Directorate|Syrian Air Force Intelligence Directorate]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2023 |title=France to try senior Assad allies for crimes against humanity in Syria |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230404-france-to-try-senior-assad-allies-for-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405004515/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230404-france-to-try-senior-assad-allies-for-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria |archive-date=5 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2023 |title=France to try Syrian regime officials for crimes against humanity |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/5/france-to-try-syrian-regime-officials-for-crimes-against-humanity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214212/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/5/france-to-try-syrian-regime-officials-for-crimes-against-humanity |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> France had issued [[international arrest warrant]]s against the three officers over the case in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jarry |first=Emmanuel |date=5 November 2018 |title=France issues arrest warrants for senior Syrian officials |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-france/france-issues-arrest-warrants-for-senior-syrian-officials-idUSKCN1NA11L |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406162922/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-france/france-issues-arrest-warrants-for-senior-syrian-officials-idUSKCN1NA11L |archive-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> In May 2023, [[French Foreign Minister]] Catherine Colonna publicly demanded the prosecution of Bashar al-Assad for engaging in [[Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war|chemical warfare]] and killing [[Casualties of the Syrian civil war|hundreds of thousands of people]]; branding him as "the enemy of his own people".<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 2023 |title=Syria's Assad should be put on trial, says French foreign minister |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230523-syria-s-assad-should-be-put-on-trial-says-french-foreign-minister |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524023150/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230523-syria-s-assad-should-be-put-on-trial-says-french-foreign-minister |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 2023 |title=French minister demands Assad trial |work=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2023/05/24/french-minister-demands-assad-trial/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524013433/https://tribune.net.ph/2023/05/24/french-minister-demands-assad-trial/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> On 15 November 2023, France issued an arrest warrant against Assad for use of chemical weapons against civilians in Syria.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Left-wing ==== [[File:Madrid - Acampada Sol 2011 39.JPG|thumb|Billboards of the [[Anti-austerity movement in Spain|Spanish Indignados Movement]] with denouncements of Bashar al-Assad's crackdown against [[Syrian revolution]] in [[Puerta del Sol]] square, [[Madrid]] (29 May 2011)]] Bashar al-Assad is widely criticised by left-wing activists and intellectuals world-wide for appropriating leftist ideologies and its [[socialist]], [[Progressivism|progressive]] slogans as a cover for his own family rule and to empower a loyalist clique of elites at the expense of ordinary Syrians. His close alliance with clergy-ruled [[Khomeinism|Khomeinist]] [[Iran]] and its sectarian militant networks; while simultaneously pursuing a policy of locking up left-wing critics of [[Al-Assad family|Assad family]] has been subject to heavy criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harkin |first=Juliette |date=1 May 2018 |title='Assadism' Is Destroying Syria – Here's Where It Came From |url=https://thewire.in/world/assadism-is-destroying-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410213629/https://thewire.in/world/assadism-is-destroying-syria |archive-date=10 April 2021 |website=The Wire}}</ref> The [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region|Egyptian branch]] of the [[Iraqi Ba'ath movement]] has declared its strong support to the [[2011 Syrian Revolution|Syrian revolution]]; denouncing Ba'athist Syria as a repressive dictatorship controlled by the "Assad gang". It has attacked Assad family's Ba'athist credentials, accusing the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Syrian Ba'ath party]] of acting as the borderguards of [[Israel]] ever since its overthrowal of the [[National Command of the Ba'ath Party|Ba'athist National Command]] during the [[1966 Syrian coup d'état|1966 coup d'état]]. Describing Bashar al-Assad as a disgraceful person for inviting hostile powers like [[Iran]] to Syria, Egyptian Ba'athists have urged the [[Free Syrian Army|Syrian revolutionaries]] to unite in their efforts to overthrow the Assad regime and resist foreign imperialism.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 May 2013 |title=The statement of the Arab Baath Socialist Party of Egyptian on the aggression against Syria |url=http://www.aladhwaa.net/?ac=3&no=6445&d_f=10&t_f=0&t=5&lang_in=Ar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216203242/http://www.aladhwaa.net/?ac=3&no=6445&d_f=10&t_f=0&t=5&lang_in=Ar |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=30 July 2018 |newspaper=Aladhwaa}}</ref> Describing Assad's regime as a [[mafia state]] that thrives on corruption and sectarianism, [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] socialist academic [[Gilbert Achcar]] stated: <blockquote>"Bashar Assad's cousin became the richest man in the country, controlling – it is widely believed – over half of the economy. And that's only one member of the ruling clan... The clan functions as a real mafia, and has been ruling the country for several decades. This constitutes the deep root of the explosion, in combination with the fact that the Syrian regime is one of the most despotic in the region. Compared to Assad's Syria, [[History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak's Egypt]] was a beacon of democracy and political freedom!... What is specific to this regime is that Assad's father has reshaped and reconstructed the state apparatus, especially its hard nucleus – the armed forces – in order to create a Pretorian guard for itself. The army, especially its elite forces, is tied to the regime itself in various ways, most prominently through the use of sectarianism. Even people who had never heard of Syria before know now that the regime is based on one minority in the country – about 10% of the population; the [[Alawites]]."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Achcar |first=Gilbert |date=8 October 2013 |title=Syria between Revolutions and Counter-Revolutions |url=https://www.cetri.be/Syria-between-Revolution-and?lang=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602233849/http://www.cetri.be/Syria-between-Revolution-and |archive-date=2 June 2016 |website=CETRI}}</ref></blockquote>The [[Progressive Socialist Party]] (PSP) in Lebanon has taken an anti-Assad stance and organised mass-protests in support of the Syrian revolution. In August 2012, PSP publicly denounced the Assad government as a "killing machine" engaged in slaughtering Syrian people. PSP leader Ayman Kamaleddine demanded the expulsion of the Syrian ambassador from Lebanon, describing him as "the representative of the murderer regime in Lebanon".<ref name=":1" /> === International support === ==== Far-right ==== Bashar al-Assad's regime has received support from prominent [[white nationalist]], [[neo-Nazi]] and [[far-right]] figures in Europe, who were attracted by his "[[war on terror]]" discourse against [[Islamists]] during the period of [[European refugee crisis]]. Assad's bombings of Syrian cities are admired in the [[Islamophobic]] discourse of far-right circles, which considers Muslims as a civilizational enemy. American [[White-supremacists|white supremacists]] often praise Assad as an authoritarian bulwark against what they view as the forces of "Islamic extremism" and [[Globalist (epithet)|globalism]]; and several pro-Assad slogans were chanted in the neo-Nazi [[Unite the Right rally]] held in [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]] in 2017.{{Efn|sources: * {{Cite news |last=Elba |first=Mariam |date=8 September 2017 |title=Mariam Elba |work=The Intercept |url=https://theintercept.com/2017/09/08/syria-why-white-nationalists-love-bashar-al-assad-charlottesville/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005175942/https://theintercept.com/2017/09/08/syria-why-white-nationalists-love-bashar-al-assad-charlottesville/ |archive-date=5 October 2017}} * {{Cite news |last=Strickland |first=Patrick |date=14 February 2018 |title=Why do Italian fascists adore Syria's Bashar al-Assad? |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/2/14/why-do-italian-fascists-adore-syrias-bashar-al-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105164955/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/2/14/why-do-italian-fascists-adore-syrias-bashar-al-assad |archive-date=5 January 2023}} * {{Cite news |last=Snell |first=James |date=17 August 2017 |title=Why Nazis from Charlottesville to Europe love Bashar al-Assad |work=New Arab |url=https://www.newarab.com/opinion/why-nazis-love-bashar-al-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227143504/https://www.newarab.com/opinion/why-nazis-love-bashar-al-assad |archive-date=27 December 2022}} * {{Cite news |last=Ayoub |first=Joey |date=3 October 2022 |title=How the European far right coopted an Arabic letter |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/10/3/how-the-european-far-right-coopted-an-arabic-letter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220215405/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/10/3/how-the-european-far-right-coopted-an-arabic-letter |archive-date=20 December 2022}} * {{Cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title=Western Far-right Worries Syrians and Delights Bashar al-Assad |work=The Syrian Observer |url=https://syrianobserver.com/news/79899/western-far-right-worries-syrians-and-delights-bashar-al-assad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103015933/https://syrianobserver.com/news/79899/western-far-right-worries-syrians-and-delights-bashar-al-assad.html |archive-date=3 November 2022}} * {{Cite news |last=Huetlin |first=Josephine |date=28 March 2018 |title=The European Far-Right's Sick Love Affair With Bashar al-Assad |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-european-far-rights-sick-love-affair-with-bashar-al-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116203833/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-european-far-rights-sick-love-affair-with-bashar-al-assad |archive-date=16 November 2022}}}}<ref name="Assad_far_right">{{cite news |last1=MacDonald |first1=Alex |date=2 December 2014 |title=Europe's far-right activists continue to throw their weight behind Syria's Assad |publisher=Middle East Eye |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/europes-far-right-activists-continue-throw-their-weight-behind-syrias-assad |access-date=6 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801045342/https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/europes-far-right-activists-continue-throw-their-weight-behind-syrias-assad |archive-date=1 August 2020}}</ref> [[Nick Griffin]], the former leader of the [[British National Party]] (BNP), was formerly an official ambassador and guest of the Syrian government;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/mobile/1.629501 |title=Disgraced U.K. politician's visit to Syria raises eyebrows back home |work=Haaretz |date=1 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014}}</ref> due to public controversy, the Assad government publicly disassociated itself from him after his trip to Syria in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=MacDonald |first1=Alex |date=2 December 2014 |title=Europe's far-right activists continue to throw their weight behind Syria's Assad |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/europes-far-right-activists-continue-throw-their-weight-behind-syrias-assad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801045342/https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/europes-far-right-activists-continue-throw-their-weight-behind-syrias-assad |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=6 December 2014 |publisher=Middle East Eye |quote=...the Syrian government attempted to distance themselves from Nick Griffin last time he visited…}}</ref> ==== Right-wing ==== In 2017, former [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[United States House of Representatives|congresswoman]] [[Tulsi Gabbard]] met with then-president Bashar al-Assad on an unannounced visit to Syria.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Tulsi Gabbard, Trump's top spy pick, faces fresh scrutiny over Syria and Russia positions |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c14l6jpykmjo |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> The visit was the first by a U.S. lawmaker since 2011,<ref>{{cite web |title=Tulsi Gabbard's Trip to Meet Assad |url=https://www.sacouncil.com/aalert_gabbard_assad |website=Syrian American Council |language=en}}</ref> and made under a travel warning issued by the [[United States Department of State]], which continues to warn U.S. citizens against all travel to the country.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Congresswoman Gabbard makes unannounced trip to Syria |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/congresswoman-gabbard-makes-unannounced-trip-syria |website=PBS News |language=en-us |date=18 January 2017}}</ref> Gabbard did not consult with the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House speaker]] or State Department before meeting with Assad.<ref name=":5" /> The meeting came after Gabbard introduced legislation that would, in her words, "end our country's illegal war to overthrow the Syrian government."<ref name=":5" /> She said that Assad is "a brutal [[dictator]]. Just like [[Saddam Hussein]]. Just like [[Gadhafi]] in Libya. The reason that I’m so outspoken on this issue of ending these wasteful [[United States involvement in regime change|regime-change]] wars is because I have seen firsthand this high human cost of war and the impact that it has on my fellow brothers and sisters in uniform."<ref>{{cite news |title=Tulsi Gabbard: Bashar Assad is 'a brutal dictator' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/01/politics/tulsi-gabbard-assad-dictator-cnntv/index.html |work=CNN |date=1 August 2019}}</ref> Following her visit to Syria, Gabbard expressed doubts that the Assad regime was behind chemical weapons attacks in Syria.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manduley |first=Christina |date=8 April 2017 |title=Congresswoman 'skeptical' Assad regime behind gas attack {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/07/politics/tulsi-gabbard-assad-chemical-weapons-blitzer-cnntv/index.html |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Gabbard has continued to defend her comments, and in 2019 stated that Assad was "not the enemy of the United States because Syria does not pose a direct threat to the United States".<ref name=":4" /> ==== Left-wing ==== Left-wing support for Assad has been split since the start of the Syrian civil war;{{sfn|Hashemi|Postel|2013|pp=11–13}}{{update inline|date=April 2024}} the Assad government has been accused of cynically manipulating [[Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War|sectarian identity]] and [[anti-imperialism]] to continue its worst activities.{{sfn|Hashemi|Postel|2013|p=231}} Some heads of state or governments have declared their support for Assad, including North Korean leader [[Kim Jong Un]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/north-korean-leader-offers-support-to-assad/a-16392804|title=North Korean leader offers support to Assad |date= 20 November 2012|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|access-date=20 August 2019}}</ref> After declaring victory in the 2014 elections, Assad received congratulations from [[President of Venezuela]] [[Nicolás Maduro]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lainfo.es/en/2014/06/05/venezuela-congratulated-by-bashar-al-assad-in-syrian-presidential-victory/ |title=Venezuela congratulated by Bashar Al Assad in Syrian presidential victory |work=lainfo.es |access-date=25 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811131504/http://lainfo.es/en/2014/06/05/venezuela-congratulated-by-bashar-al-assad-in-syrian-presidential-victory/ |archive-date=11 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[President of Algeria]] [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/13361-president-assad-receives-congratulations-from-president-bouteflika-on-winning-elections |title=syriatimes.sy – President Assad Receives Congratulations from President Bouteflika on Winning Elections |work=syriatimes.sy |access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> [[President of Guyana]] [[Donald Ramotar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sana.sy/eng/21/2014/06/21/551372.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140621123014/http://sana.sy/eng/21/2014/06/21/551372.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 June 2014 |title=الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء |work=Syrian Arab News Agency |access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> [[President of South Africa]] [[Jacob Zuma]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=4016 |title=President al-Assad receives congratulatory cable from South African President Zuma |author=Hazem al-Sabbagh |access-date=20 April 2015|date=23 June 2014 }}</ref> President of [[Nicaragua]] [[Daniel Ortega]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/presidential-elections/13206-nicaragua-s-ortega-congratulates-president-al-assad-on-winning-elections |title=Nicaragua's Ortega Congratulates President Al-Assad on Winning Elections |work=syriatimes.sy}}</ref> and [[Mahmoud Abbas]], the leader of [[Fatah]] and [[President of the State of Palestine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=4246 |title=President al-Assad receives congratulatory letter from President Abbas |author=h.said |access-date=20 April 2015|date=25 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/12365-abbas-congratulates-al-assad-for-re-election-as-syrian-president |title=Abbas congratulates Al-Assad for re-election as Syrian president |work=Middle East Monitor |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512105225/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/12365-abbas-congratulates-al-assad-for-re-election-as-syrian-president |archive-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20320 |title=Abbas says he backs Syria's "war against terrorism" |work=Al Akhbar English |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503220223/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20320 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Palestinian [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] militant group [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP) supported Assad during the Syrian civil war. As a result of this stance, the Iranian government increased its military and financial funding to the PFLP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran Increases Aid to PFLP Thanks to Syria Stance |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/09/iran-pflp-gaza-palestine-syria.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418132016/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/09/iran-pflp-gaza-palestine-syria.html |archive-date=18 April 2015 |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=Al-Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pro-Assad Palestinians call for Yarmouk truce |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/01/201318143633928478.html |access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> === International public relations === [[File:Lula Al-Assad Itamaraty 2010.jpg|thumb|Bashar al-Assad wearing the "Grand Collar" of the ''[[National Order of the Southern Cross]]'', accompanied by Brazilian President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in [[Brasília]], 30 June 2010]] [[File:Alexander Lukashenko in a meeting with Bashar al-Assad in December 2003 (1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Belarusian president [[Alexander Lukashenko]] alongside Bashar al-Assad during a state-visit to Syria in December 2003]] In order to promote their image and media-portrayal overseas, Bashar al-Assad and his wife [[Asma al-Assad]] hired U.S. and UK based [[Public relations|PR firms]] and consultants.<ref name=turnedtowest>{{cite news |title=Syria's Assads Turned to West for Glossy P.R. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/world/middleeast/syrian-conflict-cracks-carefully-polished-image-of-assad.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 June 2012 |last1=Carter |first1=Bill |last2=Chozick |first2=Amy}}</ref> In particular, these secured photoshoots for Asma al-Assad with fashion and celebrity magazines, including ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''{{'}}s March 2011 "A Rose in the Desert".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/the-only-remaining-online-copy-of-vogues-asma-al-assad-profile/250753/ |title=The Only Remaining Online Copy of Vogue's Asma al-Assad Profile |author=Max Fisher |work=The Atlantic|date=3 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gawker.com/asma-al-assad-a-rose-in-the-desert-1265002284 |title=Asma al-Assad: A Rose in the Desert |author=Joan Juliet Buck |work=Gawker |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604013456/http://gawker.com/asma-al-assad-a-rose-in-the-desert-1265002284 |archive-date=4 June 2015}}</ref> These firms included [[Bell Pottinger]] and [[Brown Lloyd James]], with the latter being paid $5,000 a month for their services.<ref name=turnedtowest/><ref name=PRcomeback/> At the outset of the Syrian civil war, Syrian government networks were hacked by the group [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]], revealing that an ex-[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] journalist had been hired to advise Assad on how to manipulate the public opinion of the U.S. Among the advice was the suggestion to compare the popular uprising against the regime to the [[Occupy Wall Street]] protests.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anonymous exposes e-mails of Syrian presidential aides |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/02/anonymous-hackers-expose-emails-of-syrian-presidential-aides/ |website=Ars Technica |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=15 March 2015 |last=Gallagher |first=Sean}}</ref> In a separate email leak several months later by the [[Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution]], which were published by ''[[The Guardian]]'', it was revealed that Assad's consultants had coordinated with an Iranian government media advisor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/14/assad-emails-lift-lid-inner-circle |title=Exclusive: secret Assad emails lift lid on life of leader's inner circle |first1=Robert |last1=Booth |first2=Mona |last2=Mahmood |first3=Luke |last3=Harding |work=The Guardian |quote=Before a speech in December his media consultant prepared a long list of themes, reporting that the advice was based on "consultations with a good number of people in addition to the media and political adviser for the Iranian ambassador". |date=14 March 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> In March 2015, an expanded version of the aforementioned leaks was handed to the Lebanese ''[[NOW News]]'' website and published the following month.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/AssadLeaks/565291-friends-in-the-media |last=Rowell |first=Alex |title=International relations |publisher=NOW News |date=18 May 2015 |access-date=23 May 2015 |archive-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022091657/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/AssadLeaks/565291-friends-in-the-media |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the Syrian civil war began, the Assads started a [[social media]] campaign which included building a presence on Facebook, YouTube, and most notably [[Instagram]].<ref name="PRcomeback">{{cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/2013/09/14/Assad-makes-PR-comeback-targets-American-psyche-.html |title=Assad makes PR comeback, targets 'American psyche' |first=Mustapha |last=Ajbaili |publisher=Al Arabiya |quote=Assad's regime also activated its YouTube channel and multiple Facebook accounts. |date=14 September 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> A Twitter account for Assad was reportedly activated; however, it remained unverified.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/30/syrian-president-bashar-al-assad-joined-instagram-here-are-his-first-photos/ |title=Syrian President Bashar al-Assad joined Instagram. Here are his first photos. |first=Caitlin |last=Dewey |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=30 July 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> This resulted in much criticism, and was described by ''[[The Atlantic Wire]]'' as "a propaganda campaign that ultimately has made the [Assad] family look worse".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thewire.com/politics/2013/08/bashar-al-assads-family/68915/ |title=The Failed Public Relations Campaign of Bashar al Assad's Family |first=Allie |last=Jones |work=The Wire |quote=a propaganda campaign that ultimately has made the family look worse |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308212143/http://www.thewire.com/politics/2013/08/bashar-al-assads-family/68915/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Assad government has also allegedly arrested activists for creating Facebook groups that the government disapproved of,<ref name=Dissent2014/> and has appealed directly to Twitter to remove accounts it disliked.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/series/assad-emails-the-documents |title=Assad emails: 'Fares closed all your Twitter accounts' |work=The Guardian |date=14 March 2012 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> The social media campaign, as well as the previously leaked emails, led to comparisons with [[Hannah Arendt]]'s ''[[Eichmann in Jerusalem|A Report on the Banality of Evil]]'' by ''The Guardian'', ''The New York Times'' and the ''Financial Times''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/06/syrian-presidency-instagram-banality-evil |title=The Syrian presidency's Instagram account shows the banality of evil |first=Johnathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=6 September 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/syrias-first-couple-and-the-banality-of-e-mail/ |title=Syria's First Couple and the Banality of E-Mail |first1=Robert |last1=Mackey |work=The New York Times |date=15 March 2012 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e0ce4102-710e-11e1-a7f1-00144feab49a.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e0ce4102-710e-11e1-a7f1-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Assad: faithful student of ruthlessness |first1=Roula |last1=Khalaf |work=Financial Times |date=18 March 2012 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> In October 2014, 27,000 photographs depicting torture committed by the Assad government were put on display at the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/bashar-al-assad-s-syrian-torture-chambers-205323124.html |title=Inside Bashar Assad's Torture Chambers |first1=Michael Abdel |last1=Isikoff |work=Yahoo News |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/photo-gallery/syria-army-defectors-photos |title=Photos Presented to the House Foreign Affairs Committee by 'Caesar' at Briefing on 'Assad's Killing Machine Exposed: Implications for U.S. Policy'|publisher=House Committee on Foreign Affairs |date=30 July 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314211352/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/photo-gallery/syria-army-defectors-photos |archive-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> Lawyers were hired to write a report on the images by the British law firm [[Carter-Ruck]], which in turn was funded by the [[Government of Qatar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/20/world/syria-torture-photos-amanpour/ |title=Gruesome Syria photos may prove torture by Assad regime |author1=Mick Krever |author2=Schams Elwazer|date=20 January 2014 |work=CNN|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref> [[File:دیدار بشار اسد با سید علی خامنه‌ای، ۱۰ مهر ۱۳۸۹ (04).jpg|thumb|Assad with Iranian President [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in Tehran, Iran, 2010]] In November 2014, the [[Quilliam (think tank)|Quilliam Foundation]] reported that a propaganda campaign, which they claimed had the "full backing of Assad", spread false reports about the deaths of Western-born jihadists in order to deflect attention from the government's alleged war crimes. Using a picture of a Chechen fighter from the [[Second Chechen War]], pro-Assad media reports disseminated to Western media outlets, leading them to publish a false story regarding the death of a non-existent British jihadist.<ref name="Simpson 2014">{{cite news | last=Simpson | first=John | title=Assad's allies invent British jihadi death | website=The Times | date=6 November 2014 | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/assads-allies-invent-british-jihadi-death-0fstqsrn2zl | access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> In 2015, [[Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war|Russia intervened in the Syrian civil war]] in support of Assad, and on 21 October 2015, Assad flew to Moscow and met with Russian president Vladimir Putin, who said regarding the civil war: "this decision can be made only by the Syrian people. Syria is a friendly country. And we are ready to support it not only militarily but politically as well."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/syria-assad-met-russia-putin-moscow-151021064340109.html |title=Syria's Assad in surprise visit to Moscow |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Personal life == [[File:Bashar and Asma al-Assad.jpg|thumb|Bashar al-Assad and his wife [[Asma al-Assad]]]] Assad speaks fluent English and basic conversational French, having studied at the Franco-Arab al-Hurriyah school in [[Damascus]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/04/how-bashar-al-assad-became-so-hated/275058/ |title=How Bashar al-Assad Became So Hated |first1=Majid |last1=Rafizadeh |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=14 March 2015 |work=The Atlantic}}</ref> In December 2000, Assad married [[Asma al-Assad|Asma Akhras]], a British citizen of Syrian origin from [[Acton, London]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1630134.stm |work=BBC News |title=The road to Damascus (all the way from Acton) |date=31 October 2001 |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400296/Syria-factfile-Key-figures.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400296/Syria-factfile-Key-figures.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |title=Syria factfile: Key figures |date=24 February 2003 |access-date=14 March 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2001, Asma gave birth to their first child, a son named [[Hafez Bashar al-Assad|Hafez]] after the child's grandfather Hafez al-Assad. Bashar al-Assad's son Hafez graduated from [[Moscow State University]] in the summer of 2023 with a master's thesis in number theory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2023 |title=Сын Башара Асада с отличием окончил МГУ |url=https://www.rbc.ru/society/29/06/2023/649dd3249a79470f8edd25b2 |website=Rbc.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Their daughter Zein was born in 2003, followed by their second son Karim in 2004.<ref name=New_Republic_2013/> In January 2013, Assad stated in an interview that his wife was pregnant.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fisher|first=Max|date=28 January 2013|title=Syria's Bashar al-Assad says his wife is pregnant|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/01/28/syrias-bashar-al-assad-says-his-wife-is-pregnant/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Black|first=Ian|date=29 January 2013|title=Bashar al-Assad's wife Asma 'pregnant with fourth child'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/29/bashar-al-assad-wife-asma-pregnant|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref> Bashar al-Assad is an [[Alawites|Alawite]] Muslim.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baltacioglu-Brammer |first1=Ayse |title=Alawites and the Fate of Syria |journal=Current Events in Historical Perspective |date=January 2014 |volume=7 |issue=4 |page=2 |url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/alawites-and-fate-syria |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Ohio State University]]}}</ref> Bashar performed the ''[[hajj]]'' pilgrimage twice, in 1999 and in 2000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Litvak |first=Meir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cpjrIcHoQkC&pg=PA67 |title=Middle Eastern Societies and the West: Accommodation of Clash of Civilizations? |date=2006 |publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center |isbn=978-965-224-073-6 |language=en}}</ref> Assad's sister, [[Bushra al-Assad]], and mother, [[Anisa Makhlouf]], left Syria in 2012 and 2013, respectively, to live in the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="New_Republic_2013">{{cite magazine |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/114630/bashar-al-assad-syria-family-guide |title=Think Bashar al Assad Is Brutal? Meet His Family |last1=Dwyer |first1=Mimi |magazine=The New Republic |date=8 September 2013 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Makhlouf died in [[Damascus]] in 2016.<ref name=aje>{{cite news |title=Syrian president's mother Anissa Assad dies aged 86 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/syrian-president-mother-anissa-assad-dies-aged-86-160206210505879.html |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=6 February 2016 |access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> ==Awards and honours== {{color box|#f99}} Revoked and returned awards and honours. {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:250px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:100px;" | Date ! style="width:100px;" | Location ! style="width:250px;" | Notes ! Reference |- | [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|80px]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the National Order of the [[Legion of Honour]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | {{flag|France}} | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 June 2001 | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Paris]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | Highest rank in the Order of the Legion of Honor in the Republic of France. Returned by Assad on 20 April 2018<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/world/europe/assad-france-legion-of-honor.html |title = A French Honor Not Always for the Honorable; Assad Returns His|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 20 April 2018|last1 = Pérez-Peña|first1 = Richard}}</ref> after the opening of a revocation process by the [[President of France|President of the Republic]], [[Emmanuel Macron]], on 16 April 2018. | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/04/16/la-france-engage-la-procedure-pour-retirer-sa-legion-d-honneur-a-bachar-al-assad_5286264_823448.html |title=La France engage la procédure pour retirer sa Légion d'honneur à Bachar Al-Assad |publisher=Le Monde |language=fr |date=16 April 2018|newspaper=Le Monde.fr }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/bachar-al-assad-rend-sa-legion-d-honneur-a-la-france-esclave-des-etats-unis-19-04-2018-7673658.php |title=Bachar al-Assad rend sa Légion d'honneur à la France, "esclave des Etats-Unis" |newspaper=Le Parisien |language=fr |date=19 April 2018}}</ref> |- | [[File:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st 2nd and 3rd Class of Ukraine.png|80px]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | [[Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Ukraine}} | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 21 April 2002 | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Kyiv]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | Revoked on 18 March 2023, as part of sanctions issued by [[Ukrainian President]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] which revoked all previous Ukrainian state awards to members of the Assad government.<ref name="The New Arab"/> | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | <ref name="rada">{{cite web |url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/362/2002 |title=Про нагородження орденом князя Ярослава Мудрого – від 20 April 2002 № 362/2002 |publisher=rada.gov.ua}}</ref><ref name="The New Arab"/> |- | [[File:Reale ordine di francesco I.png|80px]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | [[Knight]] [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Royal Order of Francis I]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Two Sicilies}} | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 21 March 2004 | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Damascus]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | [[Dynastic order of knighthood|Dynastic order]] of the [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]; Revoked several years later{{When|date=July 2024|reason=This is wildly unclear}} by [[Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro]]. | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | <ref name="Two_Sicilies_awards_1">{{cite news |url=http://www.mediafaxfoto.ro/Preview.aspx?Id=256111 |title=SYRIA-ASSAD-BOURBON |last1=Beshara |first1=Louai |publisher=mediafaxfoto.ro |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=21 March 2004 |access-date=15 March 2015 |language=ro}}</ref><ref name="Two_Sicilies_awards_2">{{cite news |url=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/syrian-president-bashar-al-assad-presents-prince-carlo-of-news-photo/181414500 |title=181414500 |last1=Beshara |first1=Louai |publisher=[[Getty Images]] |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=21 March 2004 |access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> |- | [[File:Ribbon bar of the Order of Zayed.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of Zayed]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 31 May 2008 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Abu Dhabi]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Highest civil decoration in the United Arab Emirates. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2008/06/01/129056.html |script-title=ar:رئيس دولة الامارات يقلد الرئيس السوري وسام زايد تعبيرا عن عمق العلاقات التي تربط البلدين|publisher=Al Watan Voice |date=1 June 2008 |access-date=16 September 2018 |language=ar}}</ref> |- | [[File:FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the White Rose of Finland]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Finland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 5 October 2009 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Damascus]] | style="font-size:90%;" | One of three [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Finland|official orders in Finland]]. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.savonsanomat.fi/kotimaa/IS-Syyrian-sotarikoksista-syytetyll%C3%A4-presidentill%C3%A4-Suomen-korkein-kunniamerkki/427627 |title=Syyrian sotarikoksista syytetyllä presidentillä Suomen korkein kunniamerkki |publisher=savonsanomat.fi |date=20 October 2013 |access-date=25 October 2016 |language=fi}}</ref> |- | [[File:Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png|85px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of King Abdulaziz]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 8 October 2009 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Damascus]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Highest Saudi state order. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://thawra.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=63107819420091008022531 |script-title=ar:القمــــــــــة الســـــــــورية الســـــــــعودية... الرئيس الأسد وخادم الحرمين الشريفين يبحثان آفاق التعاون ويتبادلان أرفع وسامين وطنيين.. تعزيز العمل العربي المشترك – رفع الحصار عن الفلسطينيين|publisher=Al Thawra |date=8 October 2009 |access-date=16 September 2018 |language=ar}}</ref> |- | [[File:ITA OMRI 2001 GC-GCord BAR.svg|80px]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with [[Collar (order)|Collar]] of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 11 March 2010 | style="background:#f99; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Damascus]] | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | Highest ranking honour of the Republic of Italy. Revoked by the [[President of Italy|President of the Republic]], [[Giorgio Napolitano]], on 28 September 2012 for "indignity". | style="background:#f99; font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Dettaglio decorato: Al-Assad S.E. Bashar Decorato di Gran Cordone |publisher=quirinale.it |url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=311336 |date=29 June 2010 |access-date=14 March 2015 |language=it}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151018150440/http://banchedati.camera.it/sindacatoispettivo_16/showXhtml.asp?highLight=0&idAtto=57321&stile=8 ATTO CAMERA INTERROGAZIONE A RISPOSTA SCRITTA 4/17085] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018150440/http://banchedati.camera.it/sindacatoispettivo_16/showXhtml.asp?highLight=0&idAtto=57321&stile=8 |date=18 October 2015 }} Banchedati.camera.it {{in lang|it}}</ref> |- | [[File:VEN Order of the Liberator - Grand Cordon BAR.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the Liberator]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Venezuela}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 28 June 2010<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.aporrea.org/actualidad/n160308.html |title= Gaceta Oficial 39.454 lunes 28 de junio 2010 |language=es |trans-title= Official Gazette 39.454 Monday 28 June 2010 |date= 28 June 2010 |access-date= 25 October 2023 |publisher= [[Aporrea]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Caracas]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Highest Venezuelan state order. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/05/venezuela-chavezs-authoritarian-legacy |publisher= Human Rights Watch |title= Venezuela: Chávez's Authoritarian Legacy |date= 5 March 2013 |access-date= 25 October 2023}}</ref> |- | [[File:BRA - Order of the Southern Cross - Grand Cross BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Collar of the [[Order of the Southern Cross]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Brazil}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 June 2010 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Brasília]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Brazil's highest order of merit. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.antt.gov.br/html/objects/_downloadblob.php?cod_blob=3231 |title=Diário Oficial da União – Seção |publisher=Superintenência de Seguros Privados |issn=1677-7042 |format=PDF |date=13 July 2010 |access-date=15 March 2015 |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091010/http://www.antt.gov.br/html/objects/_downloadblob.php?cod_blob=3231 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Grand Cordon]] of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 31 July 2010 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Beirut]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Second highest honour of Lebanon. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=President Michel Suleiman hosts Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdel Aziz |url=http://www.marada-news.org/?q=node/3338 |publisher=Marada-news.org |date=31 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080726/http://www.marada-news.org/?q=node%2F3338 |archive-date=29 April 2014}}</ref> |- | [[File:Orden al Mérito IRI.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Islamic Republic of Iran]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Iran}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 October 2010 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Tehran]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Highest national medal of Iran. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Iran Awards Syrian Leader Highest Medal of Honor |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/assad-in-iran-to-discuss-iraq-104203254/127153.html |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=1 October 2010 |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429052040/http://www.voanews.com/content/assad-in-iran-to-discuss-iraq-104203254/127153.html |archive-date=29 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian President Awarded Iran's Medal of Honor |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2010/October/Syrian-President-Awarded-Irans-Medal-of-Honor/ |publisher=[[CBN News]] |date=4 October 2010 |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> |- | [[File:Лента Ордена Уацамонга.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Uatsamonga Order]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Ossetia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2018 | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | [[Damascus]] | style="font-size:90%;" | State award of South Ossetia. | style="font-size:90%;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian president Bashar al-Assad to visit South Ossetia|url=https://oc-media.org/syrian-president-bashar-al-assad-to-visit-south-ossetia/ |publisher=OC Media|date=31 July 2018 |access-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804000533/https://oc-media.org/syrian-president-bashar-al-assad-to-visit-south-ossetia/ |archive-date=4 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==See also== {{Portal|Middle East|Biography|Politics}} * [[List of international presidential trips made by Bashar al-Assad]] * [[Presidency of Hafez al-Assad]] * [[Foreign Policy of Bashar al-Assad]] == Explanatory notes == {{Notelist}} == References == === Citations === {{Reflist|30em}} === General and cited references === {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Blanford |first=Nicholas |title=Killing Mr Lebanon: The Assassination of Rafik Hariri and Its Impact on the Middle East |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-84511-202-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/killingmrlebanon00blan }} * {{Cite book |last=Bronner |first=Stephen Eric |title=Peace Out of Reach: Middle Eastern Travels and the Search for Reconciliation |url=https://archive.org/details/peaceoutofreachm0000bron |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8131-2446-9 }} * {{Cite book |editor1-last=Hashemi |editor1-first=Nader |editor2-last=Postel |editor2-first=Danny |title=The Syria Dilemma |url=https://archive.org/details/syriadilemma0000unse |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-262-02683-3 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Heydemann |first1=Steven |last2=Leenders |first2=Reinoud |title=Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8047-9333-9 |ref=none}} * {{Cite book |last=Leverett |first=Flynt L. |title=Inheriting Syria: Bashar's Trial By Fire |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8157-5204-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/inheritingsyria00flyn }} * {{Cite book |last=Lesch |first=David W. |title=Syria: The Fall of the House of Assad |url=https://archive.org/details/syriafallofhouse0000lesc |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-300-18651-2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Mammone |editor1-first=Andrea |editor2-last=Godin |editor2-first=Emmanuel |editor3-last=Jenkins |editor3-first=Brian |date=2012 |title=Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-50265-8 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Ma'oz |first1=Moshe |last2=Ginat |first2=Joseph |last3=Winckler |first3=Onn |title=Modern Syria: From Ottoman Rule to Pivotal Role in the Middle East |url=https://archive.org/details/modernsyriafromo0000unse |publisher=[[Sussex Academic Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=1-898723-83-4 }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Mikaberidze |editor1-first=Alexander |title=Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-59884-925-7 }} * {{Cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A–C |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofst0002mina |year=2002 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |isbn=978-0-313-32109-2 }} * {{Cite book |last=Moosa |first=Matti |title=Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]] |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8156-2411-0 }} * {{Cite book |last=Pierret |first=Thomas |title=Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/religionstateins0000pier |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-107-60990-7 |ref=none}} * {{Cite book |last=Sadiki |first=Larbi |title=Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-415-52391-2 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Seale |first1=Patrick |last2=McConville |first2=Maureen |title=Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-520-06976-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/asadofsyriastrug00seal }} * {{Cite book |last1=Tucker |first1=Spencer C. |last2=Roberts |first2=Priscilla |edition= |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0003unse_x7p5 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-85109-841-5 }} * {{Cite book |last=Zisser |first=Eyal |title=Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Asad And the First Years in Power |url=https://archive.org/details/commandingsyriab0000zise |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84511-153-3 }} {{refend}} == Further reading == * {{Cite book |last=Abboud |first=Samer |title=Syria (Hot Spots in Global Politics) |url=https://archive.org/details/syria0000abbo |publisher=Polity |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7456-9797-0|ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Belhadj |first=Souhaïl |date=2013 |title=La Syrie de Bashar Al-Asad : Anatomie d'un régime autoritaire |trans-title=Bashar's Syria: Anatomy of an Authoritarian Regime |language=fr |publisher=Belin |isbn=978-2-7011-6467-0|ref=none}} * {{Cite book |last1=Hinnebusch |first1=Raymond |title=Syria: Revolution From Above |url=https://archive.org/details/syriarevolutionf0000hinn |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-28568-1|ref=none}} * {{Cite book |last1=Perthes |first1=Volker |title=Syria Under Bashar Al-Asad: Modernisation and the Limits of Change |url=https://archive.org/details/syriaunderbashar0000pert |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-856750-9|ref=none}} * {{Cite book |last=Tabler |first=Andrew |title=In the Lion's Den: An Eyewitness Account of Washington's Battle with Syria |publisher=Zephyr Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-56976-843-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/inlionsdeneyewit00tabl |ref=none}} '''Reports''' * {{Cite report |author=Yossi Baidatz |date=August 2001 |title=Bashar's First Year: From Ophthalmology to a National Vision |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus41.pdf |publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy |asin=B0006RVLNM |access-date=12 March 2015 |ref=none |archive-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225095843/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus41.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite report |author=Annette Büchs |date=March 2009 |title=The Resilience of Authoritarian Rule in Syria under Hafez and Bashar Al-Asad |url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/system/files/publications/wp97_buechs.pdf |publisher=German Institute of Global and Area Studies |docket=97 |access-date=12 March 2015 |ref=none |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009210705/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/system/files/publications/wp97_buechs.pdf |url-status=dead }} '''Articles''' * {{cite web |url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0304_s2.htm |first=Ziad K. |last=Abdelnour |title=Syria's Proxy Forces in Iraq |publisher=[[Al-Hayat]] |date=12 April 2003|ref=none}} * {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2579331.stm |title=Profile: Syria's Bashar al-Assad |work=[[BBC News]] |date=10 March 2005|ref=none}} * {{cite journal |url=http://www.meforum.org/article/730 |first=William |last=Harris |title=Bashar al-Assad's Lebanon Gamble |journal=[[Middle East Quarterly]] |date=Summer 2005|ref=none}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9085/syrias_leaders.html |first=Esther |last=Pan |title=Syria's Leaders |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |date=10 March 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719135235/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9085/syrias_leaders.html |archive-date=19 July 2006|ref=none}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703833204576114712441122894 |title=Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=31 January 2011|ref=none}} * {{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2007/07/200852518514154964.html |title=Profile: Bashar al-Assad |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] |date=25 March 2011|ref=none}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9gyTXO_xIg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118094013/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9gyTXO_xIg |archive-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=live |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Rose |last=Rose |title=Interview with Bashar Hafez al-Assad |publisher=[[PBS]] |date=9 September 2013 |ref=none |access-date=5 November 2016 }} ==External links== {{sister project links|c=Category: Bashar al-Assad|d=yes|q=yes|n=yes|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * {{Official website|sana.sy/en/}} ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811101337/http://www.sana.sy/eng/article/123.htm Biography] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110529042116/http://sana.sy/section.html?&req=shownews&topicid=13&newlang=eng Decrees] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110529042110/http://sana.sy/section.html?&req=shownews&topicid=11&newlang=eng Speeches] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110529041500/http://sana.sy/section.html?&req=shownews&topicid=12&newlang=eng Interviews] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110529042829/http://sana.sy/section.html?&req=shownews&topicid=10&newlang=eng Press releases] * {{C-SPAN|93150}} * {{Guardian topic}} * {{NYTtopic|people/a/bashar_al_assad}} * {{IMDb name|1519747}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Abdul Halim Khaddam]] <br /><small>Acting</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Syria]] | years=2000–2024}} {{s-aft|after=TBD}} |- {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Hafez al-Assad]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Secretary of the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Syrian Regional Command]] of the [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]]|years=2000–2024}} {{s-aft|after=TBD}} |- {{s-end}} {{Presidents of Syria}} {{Ba'ath Party}} {{Syria topics}} {{Arab Spring}} {{Syrian Civil War}} {{Arab nationalism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Assad, Bashar Al-}} [[Category:Bashar al-Assad| ]] [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Asia]] [[Category:20th-century Syrian politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Syrian politicians]] [[Category:Presidents of Syria]] [[Category:Anti-Americanism]] [[Category:Anti-Zionism in the Arab world]] [[Category:Al-Assad family|Bashar Al]] [[Category:Ba'athism]] [[Category:Children of presidents of Syria]] [[Category:Damascus University alumni]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Far-left 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expatriates in Russia]] [[Category:Syrian expatriates in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Syrian mass murderers]] [[Category:Syrian nationalists]] [[Category:Syrian male writers]] [[Category:Syrian male boxers]] [[Category:Syrian ophthalmologists]] [[Category:Totalitarianism]] s8murbav2xwwm1xxupxbjbvo1ru0cko 10 47026 120041 119848 2026-08-26T12:36:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chikaya chikulu 8 demo}} iwmw4vz93r5c8sp5r2siqyht38pzbr5 120042 120041 2026-08-26T12:36:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chikaya chikulu 9 demo}} 41q0xylrztfzakjbws2lmxql8cfb3e7 3 47402 120245 119918 2026-08-26T19:19:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* HOME PAGE */ new section 120245 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new page IU. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) 9oudhsflzqqnvaxnrjmfvfbuxp6clp8 120246 120245 2026-08-26T19:19:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* HOME PAGE */ 120246 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) fnr3rcmnn5n9buo5fu7z0e0m0t9iwgk 120247 120246 2026-08-26T19:20:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* HOME PAGE */ Zgolo 120247 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) 2zu3snoh5zm04lwyc5dtk9e550jm0xu 120250 120247 2026-08-26T19:25:44Z Jq 12101 /* Are you ljxa? */ new section 120250 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) fvwo3rfkb7o79kxsyo4y16p99v9r38v 120251 120250 2026-08-27T01:23:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* HOME PAGE */ Zgolo 120251 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) i2h5s8p8882za1aogeu0t8c60vxcs04 120252 120251 2026-08-27T01:24:20Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Are you ljxa? */ Zgolo 120252 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) cfiwaielkajyj0n9i2rvlkzq9d6xlq1 120253 120252 2026-08-27T01:25:21Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Are you ljxa? */ 120253 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) cmm7xbgumud6wm9xk8v9v368e7gttb1 120265 120253 2026-08-27T06:04:15Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 /* regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up */ new section 120265 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) tjstfvrl2p329jxqfua2mabwe98r57k 120266 120265 2026-08-27T06:08:23Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up */ Zgolo 120266 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) exo0jm4pqrz6fq7p7wyy7xkdagk0otm 120267 120266 2026-08-27T06:18:36Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 /* regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up */ Zgolo 120267 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) gmkgxichli7l91izcxdom91spznbchc 120289 120267 2026-08-27T09:17:55Z Katakǝnǝa 12107 /* Notice of changes to Template:Databox */ new section 120289 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) nhl74tt4bnb5y7v0iemk46wqytw5sbn 120290 120289 2026-08-27T09:24:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Notice of changes to Template:Databox */ Zgolo 120290 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) 1gwmsdpolknuq67bcs071lve94u2kzy 120291 120290 2026-08-27T09:27:20Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Notice of changes to Template:Databox */ 120291 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :If you really want to make this change, I recommend more users than just me. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) bapkwuci3jh6rf5wa5gofynyttkzz1y 120292 120291 2026-08-27T09:29:18Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120292 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :If you really want to make this change, I recommend asking more users than just me. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) nydi44yvzb3aq47paxftdeipqmwx6q2 120295 120292 2026-08-27T09:50:44Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up */ Zgolo 120295 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] to get notified of any incoming wiki meetups, you need to add your name there on that page. We have been telling you this on your talk page, but you haven't done it yet, nor replied to it. Add your name here: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating] [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 09:50, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :If you really want to make this change, I recommend asking more users than just me. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) p0bix9e66ggtgzzxw3uzivs5622p63i 120305 120295 2026-08-27T10:38:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE */ new section 120305 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] to get notified of any incoming wiki meetups, you need to add your name there on that page. We have been telling you this on your talk page, but you haven't done it yet, nor replied to it. Add your name here: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating] [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 09:50, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :If you really want to make this change, I recommend asking more users than just me. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) 9seidi9brlk6nadaglyqye664n0rpn1 0 47939 120044 117399 2026-08-26T12:39:24Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish redirect|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1977)}} {{Family name hatnote|lang=Arabic|[[Al Saud]]}} {{Short description|Mwenekazi wa ku Saudi Arabia ndipo wakale waku boma}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox royalty | image = File:Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud.jpg | caption = | spouse = | issue = | full_name = Khalid bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud | succession = [[Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]] | reign = 30 June 2014 – 29 January 2015 | reign_type = Mu udindo | reg_type = Themba | regent = {{ubl|[[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]]|[[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Themba Salman]]}} | predecessor = [[Youssef bin Ali Al Idrissi]] | successor = [[Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan]] | succession1 = [[Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)|Muthandizi wa Nduna ya vya Chitetezo]] | reign1 = 14 May 2014 – 28 June 2014 | reign_type1 = Mu udindo | reg_type1 = Themba | regent1 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor1 = [[Salman bin Sultan]] | successor1 = [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] | succession2 = Kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]] | reign2 = 14 February 2013&nbsp;– 14 May 2014 | reign_type2 = Mu udindo | reg_type2 = Themba | regent2 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor2 = [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Sattam bin Abdulaziz]] | successor2 = [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]] | father = [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Bandar bin Abdulaziz]] | mother = Wasmya bint Mohmmed bin Moammer | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = | house = [[House of Saud|Al Saud]] | module = {{Infobox person | child=yes | alma_mater = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] }} }} '''Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud''' ({{langx|ar|خالد بن بندر بن عبد العزيز آل سعود}}; wakubabika mu 1951) ni msilikari wa [[Saudis|ku Saudi Arabia]] ndiposo membala wa [[House of Saud]], uyo wakateŵeterapo nga ni mulongozgi wa [[General Intelligence Presidency|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]], muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo na kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]].<ref name="saudigazette1">{{cite news|author=Saudi Gazette|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|title=New Emir of Riyadh a decorated military officer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055017/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|access-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riyadh Princes|access-date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.riyadh.gov.sa/en/Pages/Princes/Princes.aspx|work=Ministry of Interior}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid ni muzukuru wa waliyambiska Saudi Arabia [[King Abdulaziz|Ibn Saud]] ndipo wakaŵa muzukuru wake wakwamba kuteŵetera nga ni kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh. ==Umoyo wa pakwamba na masambiro== Kalonga Khalid wakababika mu 1951.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz|work=Dhownet|url=https://dhow.com/biographies/258/khaled-bandar-abdulaziz-aal-saud/|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> Ni mwana wachitatu wa [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Bandar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Khaled appointed Riyadh governor, Turki his deputy|url=http://www.arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|access-date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215044414/http://arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|archive-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Arab News|date=15 February 2013|location=Jeddah|url-status=dead}}</ref> M'bali wake munyake ni [[Turki bin Bandar Al Saud|Kalonga Turki]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Rundell|title=Vision or Mirage: Saudi Arabia at the Crossroads|year=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-83860-595-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpLyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|location=London|page=144}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakamalizga masambiro ku [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] mu 1973.<ref name=alarab142/><ref name=barden/> Wakapokaso digiriyi ya masambiro gha pachanya mu [[sayansi]] ya vya nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi>{{cite news|author=Fahd al Ziabi|title=New Riyadh Governor: Prince Khalid bin Bandar|url-status=dead |url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3&id=32917|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130152901/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref> Wakachitako masambiro gha pachanya gha ŵala ŵakugwiliska magalimoto ghankhondo mu [[Saudi Arabia]] na United States, ndiposo wakachitako vyakuchita vya nkhondo vyakupambanapambana.<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ntchito== Khalid bin Bandar ni mulongozgi wapachanya wa [[Saudi Arabian Army|Gulu la nkhondo la Saudi Arabia]]. Wakatandika uteŵeti wake wa nkhondo mu gulu lakwamba la brigade ya nambara zinayi ya magalimoto gha nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi/> Wakagwirangaso ntchito nga ni mulara wa vyakuchita mu likuru la magulu gha magalimoto gha nkhondo, ndipo pamanyuma wakakwezedwa kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980 Khalid wakateŵetera mu gulu la G3 la magalimoto gha nkhondo mu [[Royal Saudi Land Forces|Gulu la Nkhondo la mu Malo la Boma la Saudi Arabia]] (SALF).<ref>{{cite web|title=The role of Saudi princes in uniform|url=http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|work=Wikileaks|access-date=25 May 2012|date=27 May 1985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026024815/http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|archive-date=26 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakakwezedwa kuŵa jenerali mulara mu 1997, ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu Meyi 2011, Khalid wakakwezedwa ku udindo wa [[lieutenant general|jenerali wa mulingo wa lieutenant]], ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar in Turkey|work=Saudi Press Agency|date=19 May 2012|url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/readsinglenews.php?id=1000061&content_id=&scroll=1|access-date=21 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=aalawsat11>{{cite news|title=Saudi King Abdullah issues new royal orders|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258|access-date=14 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=21 May 2011|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407174414/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258}}</ref> Wakateŵetera mu udindo uwu m'paka apo wakasankhikira kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh, ndipo wakasinthika na Eid bin Awadh Al Shalawi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi king names Prince Khalid bin Bandar as new Riyadh governor |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=56985|work=Middle East Online|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Mu udindo wake nga ni mulongozgi wa SALF, wakachita maulendo ghanandi ku vyaru vya kuwaro. Wakachitako ntchito mu mabungwe gha chigwirano cha vyaru vya kuwaro pakati pa Saudi Arabia na vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo [[United States]] na [[Russia]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية">{{cite news|author=جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية|url=http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=717345&issueno=12498#.UR6IA6Ua49I|title=جريدة الشرق الاوسط : خالد بن بندر.. القائد العسكري يتولى إمارة الرياض|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|language=ar|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215230507/http://aawsat.com//details.asp?section=4&issueno=12498&article=717345#.UR6IA6Ua49I|archive-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 1991, Khalid wakateŵetera mu SALF pa nyengo ya [[Liberation of Kuwait campaign|ntchito yakufwatura Kuwait]], ndipo mu 2009, Khalid wakapika mulimo wakuchitako [[Operation Scorched Earth#Saudi incursion|ntchito za South Shield]] zakulimbana na [[Houthis]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/><ref>{{cite news|author=القوات المسلحة السعودية|language=ar|url=http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|title=القوات المسلحة السعودية : شهداء الواجب |newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418003424/http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2013 |year=2009|access-date=16 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pa 14 February 2013, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh, kusida [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Sattam]].<ref name=alarab142>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/14/266266.html|title=Saudi king named Khalid bin Bandar a new governor of Riyadh|work=Al Arabiya|date=14 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=barden>{{cite news|author=Andrew J. Barden|title=Saudi Minister Puts Young Royals in Succession Spotlight|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222024835/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013|work=Bloomberg|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Muthandizi wake wakaŵa [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud|Kalonga Turki bin Abdullah]], uyo wakasankhika pa zuŵa leneliro.<ref name=ussaudi>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar Named Governor of Riyadh|url=http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009015500/http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4 |archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=15 February 2013|work=US-Saudi Arabian Business Council|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Pa 14 May 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo m'malo mwa [[Salman bin Sultan]]<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2014 |title=Saudi deputy defence minister replaced|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/saudi-arabia/saudi-deputy-defence-minister-replaced-1.1332712|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> ndipo Turki bin Abdullah wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh.<ref name=arabianbusiness.com>{{cite web|title=Saudi king appoints son as Riyadh Province governor|work=Arabian Business|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-king-appoints-son-as-riyadh-province-governor-550279.html |access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> Pa 30 June 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa General Intelligence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia's Prince Khalid bin Bandar named intel chief|url=http://dhow.com/2014/07/01/saudi-arabias-prince-khalid-bin-bandar-named-intel-chief/|access-date=1 February 2015 |work=Dhownet|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> Nyengo yake yikamara pa 29 January 2015 apo wakasinthika na Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan mu udindo uwu.<ref>{{cite news|title=King Salman makes appointments|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|access-date=1 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202220126/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2015|work=Royal Embassy, Washington DC|date=29 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakuteŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa [[King Salman|Themba Salman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Leaders Pledge Oath to New King|url=http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401014134/http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|archive-date=1 April 2015|url-status=usurped|date=2 February 2015|location=Riyadh|work=Susris}}</ref> ==Vyakukhozga na mphotho== Khalid wakapokera [[Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud|Nkhongono ya Abdulaziz Al Saud]] ya kalasi yapachanya, mu 2011.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Al Riyadh|date=12 December 2011 |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/2011/12/12/article690894.html|language=ar|title=جريدة الرياض : وزير الدفاع يقلد الفريق الوقداني والفريق خالد بن بندر وسام الملك عبدالعزيز|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Wakapokeraso mphotho ya kuŵikika na President wa Pakistan [[Asif Zardari]] ya [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|medali ya mwezi wa nkhondo]], iyo ni medali iyo [[Pakistan]] yikupeleka ku ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵa nkhondo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.<ref name="saudigazette1"/> Wapokeraso mamedali kufuma ku [[Kuwait]] na Malaŵi gha Saudi chifukwa cha kutora chigaŵa mu [[Gulf War|Nkhondo ya ku Gulf]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ==Pa intaneti== *{{Commons-inline}} {{Presidents of GIP |state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz}} [[Category:Ŵandale ŵa Saudi Arabia ŵa vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵakubabika mu 1951]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa chigaŵa cha Riyadh|Khalid Bandar]] [[Category:Ŵakusambira awo ŵakafumira ku Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] [[Category:Ŵasilikari ŵa Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa ufumu wa Saudi Arabia|Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz]] bwgwmn9ogq0qc2f0jd2xvtuiq6w971e 120057 120044 2026-08-26T12:52:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi moved page [[Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1977)]] to [[Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1951)]] 120044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish redirect|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1977)}} {{Family name hatnote|lang=Arabic|[[Al Saud]]}} {{Short description|Mwenekazi wa ku Saudi Arabia ndipo wakale waku boma}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox royalty | image = File:Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud.jpg | caption = | spouse = | issue = | full_name = Khalid bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud | succession = [[Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]] | reign = 30 June 2014 – 29 January 2015 | reign_type = Mu udindo | reg_type = Themba | regent = {{ubl|[[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]]|[[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Themba Salman]]}} | predecessor = [[Youssef bin Ali Al Idrissi]] | successor = [[Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan]] | succession1 = [[Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)|Muthandizi wa Nduna ya vya Chitetezo]] | reign1 = 14 May 2014 – 28 June 2014 | reign_type1 = Mu udindo | reg_type1 = Themba | regent1 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor1 = [[Salman bin Sultan]] | successor1 = [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] | succession2 = Kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]] | reign2 = 14 February 2013&nbsp;– 14 May 2014 | reign_type2 = Mu udindo | reg_type2 = Themba | regent2 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor2 = [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Sattam bin Abdulaziz]] | successor2 = [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]] | father = [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Bandar bin Abdulaziz]] | mother = Wasmya bint Mohmmed bin Moammer | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = | house = [[House of Saud|Al Saud]] | module = {{Infobox person | child=yes | alma_mater = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] }} }} '''Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud''' ({{langx|ar|خالد بن بندر بن عبد العزيز آل سعود}}; wakubabika mu 1951) ni msilikari wa [[Saudis|ku Saudi Arabia]] ndiposo membala wa [[House of Saud]], uyo wakateŵeterapo nga ni mulongozgi wa [[General Intelligence Presidency|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]], muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo na kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]].<ref name="saudigazette1">{{cite news|author=Saudi Gazette|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|title=New Emir of Riyadh a decorated military officer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055017/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|access-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riyadh Princes|access-date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.riyadh.gov.sa/en/Pages/Princes/Princes.aspx|work=Ministry of Interior}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid ni muzukuru wa waliyambiska Saudi Arabia [[King Abdulaziz|Ibn Saud]] ndipo wakaŵa muzukuru wake wakwamba kuteŵetera nga ni kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh. ==Umoyo wa pakwamba na masambiro== Kalonga Khalid wakababika mu 1951.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz|work=Dhownet|url=https://dhow.com/biographies/258/khaled-bandar-abdulaziz-aal-saud/|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> Ni mwana wachitatu wa [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Bandar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Khaled appointed Riyadh governor, Turki his deputy|url=http://www.arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|access-date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215044414/http://arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|archive-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Arab News|date=15 February 2013|location=Jeddah|url-status=dead}}</ref> M'bali wake munyake ni [[Turki bin Bandar Al Saud|Kalonga Turki]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Rundell|title=Vision or Mirage: Saudi Arabia at the Crossroads|year=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-83860-595-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpLyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|location=London|page=144}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakamalizga masambiro ku [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] mu 1973.<ref name=alarab142/><ref name=barden/> Wakapokaso digiriyi ya masambiro gha pachanya mu [[sayansi]] ya vya nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi>{{cite news|author=Fahd al Ziabi|title=New Riyadh Governor: Prince Khalid bin Bandar|url-status=dead |url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3&id=32917|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130152901/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref> Wakachitako masambiro gha pachanya gha ŵala ŵakugwiliska magalimoto ghankhondo mu [[Saudi Arabia]] na United States, ndiposo wakachitako vyakuchita vya nkhondo vyakupambanapambana.<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ntchito== Khalid bin Bandar ni mulongozgi wapachanya wa [[Saudi Arabian Army|Gulu la nkhondo la Saudi Arabia]]. Wakatandika uteŵeti wake wa nkhondo mu gulu lakwamba la brigade ya nambara zinayi ya magalimoto gha nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi/> Wakagwirangaso ntchito nga ni mulara wa vyakuchita mu likuru la magulu gha magalimoto gha nkhondo, ndipo pamanyuma wakakwezedwa kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980 Khalid wakateŵetera mu gulu la G3 la magalimoto gha nkhondo mu [[Royal Saudi Land Forces|Gulu la Nkhondo la mu Malo la Boma la Saudi Arabia]] (SALF).<ref>{{cite web|title=The role of Saudi princes in uniform|url=http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|work=Wikileaks|access-date=25 May 2012|date=27 May 1985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026024815/http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|archive-date=26 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakakwezedwa kuŵa jenerali mulara mu 1997, ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu Meyi 2011, Khalid wakakwezedwa ku udindo wa [[lieutenant general|jenerali wa mulingo wa lieutenant]], ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar in Turkey|work=Saudi Press Agency|date=19 May 2012|url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/readsinglenews.php?id=1000061&content_id=&scroll=1|access-date=21 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=aalawsat11>{{cite news|title=Saudi King Abdullah issues new royal orders|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258|access-date=14 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=21 May 2011|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407174414/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258}}</ref> Wakateŵetera mu udindo uwu m'paka apo wakasankhikira kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh, ndipo wakasinthika na Eid bin Awadh Al Shalawi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi king names Prince Khalid bin Bandar as new Riyadh governor |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=56985|work=Middle East Online|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Mu udindo wake nga ni mulongozgi wa SALF, wakachita maulendo ghanandi ku vyaru vya kuwaro. Wakachitako ntchito mu mabungwe gha chigwirano cha vyaru vya kuwaro pakati pa Saudi Arabia na vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo [[United States]] na [[Russia]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية">{{cite news|author=جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية|url=http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=717345&issueno=12498#.UR6IA6Ua49I|title=جريدة الشرق الاوسط : خالد بن بندر.. القائد العسكري يتولى إمارة الرياض|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|language=ar|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215230507/http://aawsat.com//details.asp?section=4&issueno=12498&article=717345#.UR6IA6Ua49I|archive-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 1991, Khalid wakateŵetera mu SALF pa nyengo ya [[Liberation of Kuwait campaign|ntchito yakufwatura Kuwait]], ndipo mu 2009, Khalid wakapika mulimo wakuchitako [[Operation Scorched Earth#Saudi incursion|ntchito za South Shield]] zakulimbana na [[Houthis]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/><ref>{{cite news|author=القوات المسلحة السعودية|language=ar|url=http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|title=القوات المسلحة السعودية : شهداء الواجب |newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418003424/http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2013 |year=2009|access-date=16 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pa 14 February 2013, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh, kusida [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Sattam]].<ref name=alarab142>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/14/266266.html|title=Saudi king named Khalid bin Bandar a new governor of Riyadh|work=Al Arabiya|date=14 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=barden>{{cite news|author=Andrew J. Barden|title=Saudi Minister Puts Young Royals in Succession Spotlight|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222024835/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013|work=Bloomberg|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Muthandizi wake wakaŵa [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud|Kalonga Turki bin Abdullah]], uyo wakasankhika pa zuŵa leneliro.<ref name=ussaudi>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar Named Governor of Riyadh|url=http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009015500/http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4 |archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=15 February 2013|work=US-Saudi Arabian Business Council|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Pa 14 May 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo m'malo mwa [[Salman bin Sultan]]<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2014 |title=Saudi deputy defence minister replaced|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/saudi-arabia/saudi-deputy-defence-minister-replaced-1.1332712|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> ndipo Turki bin Abdullah wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh.<ref name=arabianbusiness.com>{{cite web|title=Saudi king appoints son as Riyadh Province governor|work=Arabian Business|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-king-appoints-son-as-riyadh-province-governor-550279.html |access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> Pa 30 June 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa General Intelligence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia's Prince Khalid bin Bandar named intel chief|url=http://dhow.com/2014/07/01/saudi-arabias-prince-khalid-bin-bandar-named-intel-chief/|access-date=1 February 2015 |work=Dhownet|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> Nyengo yake yikamara pa 29 January 2015 apo wakasinthika na Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan mu udindo uwu.<ref>{{cite news|title=King Salman makes appointments|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|access-date=1 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202220126/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2015|work=Royal Embassy, Washington DC|date=29 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakuteŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa [[King Salman|Themba Salman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Leaders Pledge Oath to New King|url=http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401014134/http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|archive-date=1 April 2015|url-status=usurped|date=2 February 2015|location=Riyadh|work=Susris}}</ref> ==Vyakukhozga na mphotho== Khalid wakapokera [[Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud|Nkhongono ya Abdulaziz Al Saud]] ya kalasi yapachanya, mu 2011.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Al Riyadh|date=12 December 2011 |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/2011/12/12/article690894.html|language=ar|title=جريدة الرياض : وزير الدفاع يقلد الفريق الوقداني والفريق خالد بن بندر وسام الملك عبدالعزيز|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Wakapokeraso mphotho ya kuŵikika na President wa Pakistan [[Asif Zardari]] ya [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|medali ya mwezi wa nkhondo]], iyo ni medali iyo [[Pakistan]] yikupeleka ku ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵa nkhondo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.<ref name="saudigazette1"/> Wapokeraso mamedali kufuma ku [[Kuwait]] na Malaŵi gha Saudi chifukwa cha kutora chigaŵa mu [[Gulf War|Nkhondo ya ku Gulf]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ==Pa intaneti== *{{Commons-inline}} {{Presidents of GIP |state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz}} [[Category:Ŵandale ŵa Saudi Arabia ŵa vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵakubabika mu 1951]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa chigaŵa cha Riyadh|Khalid Bandar]] [[Category:Ŵakusambira awo ŵakafumira ku Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] [[Category:Ŵasilikari ŵa Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa ufumu wa Saudi Arabia|Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz]] bwgwmn9ogq0qc2f0jd2xvtuiq6w971e 10 47951 120059 117457 2026-08-26T12:53:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox |name = Presidents of GIP |title = [[General Intelligence Presidency|Presidents of Saudi General Intelligence Directorate]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |image = [[Image:Flag of the General Intelligence Presidency.png|100px]] |list1 = * Mohammed bin Abdullah Al-Aiban * Saeed bin Abdullah Kurdi * Omar Mahmoud Shams * [[Kamal Adham]] * [[Turki Al-Faisal|Turki bin Faisal Al Saud]] * [[Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] * [[Muqrin bin Abdulaziz|Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] * [[Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud]] * [[Youssef bin Ali Al Idrissi]] * [[Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1951)|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud]] * [[Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Saudi Arabia politics and government templates]] </noinclude> 7toxqmu884kmmyd9pyx5biis5712d6l 0 48055 120264 118843 2026-08-27T02:53:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|0 */ 120264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nupediya''' yikaŵa buku la viyowoyero vinandi pa [[Intaneti]] ilo nkhani zake zikalembeka na ŵanthu ŵakujipeleka awo ŵakamanyanga makora nkhani zakukhwaskana na nkhani iyi, ndipo ŵakawoneseskanga na ŵamazaza awo ŵakalembanga nkhani pambere ŵandalembe, ndipo ŵakapokera layisensi yakuti ŵaŵe ŵambura kulipiliska. Likakhazikiska [[Jimmy Wales]] ndipo likalembeka na Bomis. Nupediya wakagwiranga ntchito kufuma mu Malichi 2000<ref>http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/09/the-hive/305118/?single_page=true</ref> m'paka Seputembala 2003. Likumanyikwa chomene mazuŵa ghano kuti ni [[Wikipediya]] wakale. Kupambana na Wikipediya, Nupediya yikaŵa wiki yayi; m’malo mwake likamanyikwanga na ndondomeko yikuru ya kuwoneseska ŵanyawo, iyo yikapangika kuti nkhani zake ziŵe zakuyana waka na za mabuku ghakusambizga vya [[sayansi]]. Nupedia wakakhumbanga ŵasambiri (ŵawemi na PhDs) kuti ŵajipeleke ku vyakulembeka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lih |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Lih |title=[[The Wikipedia Revolution|The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia]] | date=2009 | publisher=Aurum | location=London | isbn=9781845134730 | oclc=280430641|page=[https://archive.org/details/wikipediarevolut0000liha_o1s8/page/38 38]|quote=His academic roots compelled Sanger to insist on one rigid requirement for his editors: a pedigree. "We wish editors to be true experts in their fields and (with a few exceptions) possess Ph.Ds." read the Nupedia policy.}}</ref> Pambere Nupediya yindaleke kugwira ntchito, yikalemba nkhani 24 izo zikazomerezgeka<ref>Craig 2013, p. 84</ref><ref>Ayers 2008</ref><ref>Myers 2006, p. 163</ref> iyo yikamalizga mulimo wake wa kuwoneseska ndipo nkhani zinyake 150 zikaŵa kuti zikulutilira.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://vator.tv/news/2017-06-13-when-wikipedia-was-young-the-early-years|title=When Wikipedia was young: the early years|date=13 June 2017|work=VatorNews|access-date=25 July 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226112427/https://vator.tv/news/2017-06-13-when-wikipedia-was-young-the-early-years|url-status=live}}</ref> == Vilembo vifupi == <references /> [[Category:Wikipediya]] p9m4kjzc4vrsymxrre8h4zcj8eg3cbx 0 48156 120281 117962 2026-08-27T06:39:34Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 So many broken refs 120281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Kampani ya ku America yakupereka mautumiki ghakugaŵana magalimoto}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Revision}} {{Infobox company | name = Lyft, Inc. | type = [[Kampani ya pa msika wa masheya|Yakulembeska pa msika]] | traded_as = {{ubl|class=nowrap|{{NASDAQ|LYFT}} (Kalasi A)|[[Russell 1000]] component|[[S&P 600]] component}} | industry = [[Galimoto yakwendeska ŵanthu pa malipiro]] | founded = {{start date and age|2012|6|9}} (nga ni [[Zimride]]) | founders = {{ubl|[[Logan Green]]||[[John Zimmer]]}} | hq_location = {{nowrap|[[San Francisco]], California, U.S.}} | area_served = {{ubl|United States|Canada}} | key_people = {{unbulleted list|Logan Green ([[chairman]])|John Zimmer ([[President (corporate title)|purezidenti]])|[[David Risher]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|6.32 billion|link=yes}} | revenue_year = 2025 | operating_income = {{increase}} -{{US$|118 million}} (2025) | net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|2.84 billion}} | net_income_year = 2025 | assets = {{increase}} {{US$|9.03 billion}} | assets_year = 2025 | equity = {{increase}} {{US$|3.27 billion}} | equity_year = 2025 | num_employees = 3,913 | num_employees_year = 2025 | website = {{URL|[https://lyft.com}}) | footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web | url=[https://investor.lyft.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-26-006960/lyft-20251231.htm](https://investor.lyft.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-26-006960/lyft-20251231.htm) | title=Lyft, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K Annual Report | date=February 11, 2026 | access-date=February 23, 2026}}</ref> }} '''Lyft, Inc.''' ni kampani ya ku [[United States of America|America]] iyo yikupereka [[kampani yakucema magalimoto|mautumiki ghakucema magalimoto]], [[e-scooter]], na [[ndondomeko yakugaŵana njinga]] mu United States na Canada, ndipo kwizira mu pulogiramu yake ya pa foni ya [[Freenow]], ku Europe.<ref name=10K/> Lyft ni kampani yachiŵiri yikuru chomene ya [[kampani yakucema magalimoto]] mu United States pamanyuma pa [[Uber]].<ref name=10K/> Yili na ŵakwenda ŵakugwira ntchito ŵakukwana 25 miliyoni ndipo yikovwira maulendo pafupifupi 9 miliyoni pa zuŵa.<ref name=10K/> ==Mbiri== [[File:LyftLA.jpg|thumb|Machele ya pinki yakuzirwa ya Lyft ndiyo yikaŵa chizindikiro chakwamba cha kampani iyi m'paka mu 2015 apo yikasinthira ku machele madoko, ghakung'anima gha mtundu wa magenta agho ghakuŵikika pa dashboard ya galimoto ya dalaivala.]] Lyft yikambiska mu chihanya cha 2012 na ŵakulemba mapulogalamu gha kompyuta [[Logan Green]] na [[John Zimmer]] nga ni uteŵeti wa [[Zimride]], kampani yakwendeska ŵanthu mu magalimoto gha pamoza pa mtunda utali pakati pa misumba iyo yikaŵa yakugomezgeka pa kayendedwe ka ŵana ŵa sukulu za koleji, iyo ŵakayambiska mu 2007 pamanyuma pakuti Green wakamba kwendeska ŵanthu mu galimoto kufuma ku kampasi ya [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] kukachezera chibwezi chake ku Los Angeles ndipo wakapenjanga nthowa yipusu yakugawirana maulendo.<ref>{{cite news | last=Farr | first=Christina | title=Lyft team gets $60M more; now it must prove ride-sharing can go global | url=[https://venturebeat.com/2013/05/23/lyft-races-ahead-with-60m-in-funding-but-what-challenges-lie-ahead/](https://venturebeat.com/2013/05/23/lyft-races-ahead-with-60m-in-funding-but-what-challenges-lie-ahead/) | work=[[VentureBeat]] | date=May 23, 2013 | access-date=September 4, 2017 | archive-date=July 27, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170727185342/https://venturebeat.com/2013/05/23/lyft-races-ahead-with-60m-in-funding-but-what-challenges-lie-ahead/](https://web.archive.org/web/20170727185342/https://venturebeat.com/2013/05/23/lyft-races-ahead-with-60m-in-funding-but-what-challenges-lie-ahead/) | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Green | first=Tomio | title=Lyft Raises $60 Million As Ride Sharing Competition Heats Up | url=[https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/) | work=[[Forbes]] | date=May 23, 2013 | access-date=September 4, 2017 | archive-date=December 1, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044812/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/](https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044812/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Meyi 2013, kampani iyi yikasintha zina kufuma ku Zimride kuya ku Lyft.<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.inc.com/magazine/201607/christine-lagorio/john-zimmer-logan-green-lyft-zimride.html](https://www.inc.com/magazine/201607/christine-lagorio/john-zimmer-logan-green-lyft-zimride.html) | title=How Lyft's Founders Listened to Their Gut (and Not Their Mentor) | first=Christine | last=Lagorio-Chafkin | work=[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]] | date=June 24, 2017 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=April 15, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190415155914/https://www.inc.com/magazine/201607/christine-lagorio-john-zimmer-logan-green-lyft-zimride.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20190415155914/https://www.inc.com/magazine/201607/christine-lagorio-john-zimmer-logan-green-lyft-zimride.html) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Julayi 2013, Lyft wakaguliska uteŵeti wakwamba wa Zimride ku [[Enterprise Holdings]], kampani iyo njapapi ya [[Enterprise Rent-A-Car]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Gannes | first=Liz | title=Lyft Sells Zimride Carpool Service to Rental-Car Giant Enterprise | url=[http://allthingsd.com/20130712/lyft-sells-zimride-carpool-service-to-rental-car-giant-enterprise/](http://allthingsd.com/20130712/lyft-sells-zimride-carpool-service-to-rental-car-giant-enterprise/) | work=[[All Things Digital]] | date=July 12, 2013 | access-date=July 19, 2013 | archive-date=July 15, 2013 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130715061921/http://allthingsd.com/20130712/lyft-sells-zimride-carpool-service-to-rental-car-giant-enterprise/](https://web.archive.org/web/20130715061921/http://allthingsd.com/20130712/lyft-sells-zimride-carpool-service-to-rental-car-giant-enterprise/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu 2013, [[Andreessen Horowitz]] wakaŵika ndalama mwa Lyft nga chigaŵa cha magawo gha ndalama zakovwira kukura kwa kampani iyi mu nyengo yake yakwambilira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyft Raises $60 Million As Ride Sharing Competition Heats Up |url=[https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/05/23/lyft-raises-60-million-as-ride-sharing-competition-heats-up/) |work=Forbes |date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> Ndondomeko ya malonda ya Lyft yikasazgapo machele ghakurughakuru gha pinki agho madalaivala ŵakaŵikanga panthazi pa magalimoto ghawo kweniso kukhuŵilizga ŵakwenda kuti ŵakhale pa mpando wakwamba na kuchita [[kukhomana mawoko|fist bump]] na madalaivala para ŵakumana.<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://mashable.com/2014/12/22/lyft-marketing/](https://mashable.com/2014/12/22/lyft-marketing/) | title=Why Lyft is trimming its pink mustache | first=Seth | last=Fiegerman | work=[[Mashable]] | date=December 22, 2014 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=April 2, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190402162527/https://mashable.com/2014/12/22/lyft-marketing/](https://web.archive.org/web/20190402162527/https://mashable.com/2014/12/22/lyft-marketing/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Novembala 2014, kampani iyi yikaleka kutemwa na chizgo cha fist bump.<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-fist-bump-20141128-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-fist-bump-20141128-story.html) | title=Lyft distances itself from fist bump during busiest week yet | first=Tracey | last=Lien | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=November 28, 2014 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=August 4, 2020 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200804091129/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-fist-bump-20141128-story.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804091129/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-lyft-fist-bump-20141128-story.html) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Janyuwale 2015, Lyft yikambiska machele madoko gha pulasitiki agho ghakung'anima gha pa dashboard iyo yikayichema "glowstache" nga nthowa yinyake yakupambana na machele ghakuru ghakuzirwa agho ghakaŵa panthazi pa magalimoto. Kusintha uku kukaŵa kwakovwira kuti ŵamalane na kukana kwa ŵakwenda ŵanyake awo ŵakakhumbanga yayi kufika ku malo nga ni maungano gha bizinesi mu galimoto iyo yikaŵa na machele ghakuru chomene.<ref>{{Cite magazine | url=[https://www.wired.com/2015/01/lyft-finally-ditching-furry-pink-mustache/](https://www.wired.com/2015/01/lyft-finally-ditching-furry-pink-mustache/) | title=Lyft Is Finally Ditching the Furry Pink Mustache | last=VanHemert | first=Kyle | magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=January 20, 2015 | access-date=April 9, 2017 | archive-date=February 11, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081538/https://www.wired.com/2015/01/lyft-finally-ditching-furry-pink-mustache/](https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081538/https://www.wired.com/2015/01/lyft-finally-ditching-furry-pink-mustache/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2014, kampani iyi yikambiska [[usafiri wakugawana]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/06/lyft-line/](https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/06/lyft-line/) | title=With Lyft Line, Passengers Can Split Fares For Shared Rides | last=Lawler | first=Ryan | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=August 6, 2014 | access-date=September 4, 2017 | archive-date=July 5, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170705172708/https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/06/lyft-line/](https://web.archive.org/web/20170705172708/https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/06/lyft-line/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Disembala 2017, Lyft yikakulirako kuya ku [[Canada]], na kwamba kugwira ntchito mu misumba ya [[Toronto]], [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] na [[Ottawa]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/13/lyfts-first-market-outside-the-u-s-will-be-canada-with-a-december-launch-in-toronto/](https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/13/lyfts-first-market-outside-the-u-s-will-be-canada-with-a-december-launch-in-toronto/) | title=Lyft's first market outside the U.S. will be Canada with a December launch in Toronto | last=Etherington | first=Darrell | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=November 13, 2017 | access-date=November 14, 2017 | archive-date=November 15, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015523/https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/13/lyfts-first-market-outside-the-u-s-will-be-canada-with-a-december-launch-in-toronto/](https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015523/https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/13/lyfts-first-market-outside-the-u-s-will-be-canada-with-a-december-launch-in-toronto/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Malichi 2018, Lyft wakachita phangano na [[Allscripts]] pa pulatifomu iyo yikapelekanga mwaŵi kwa ŵakupwelelera umoyo kuti ŵanozge maulendo gha ŵalwari awo ŵalije nthowa zakwendera ku maudindo gha chipatala, na vilato vya kupeleka uteŵeti uwu ku vipatala 2,500, madokotala 180,000, ndiposo ŵalwari pafupifupi 7 miliyoni.<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/03/05/lyft-deal-allscripts-lets-180-000-doctors-call-rides-their-patients/389122002/](https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/03/05/lyft-deal-allscripts-lets-180-000-doctors-call-rides-their-patients/389122002/) | title=Lyft deal with Allscripts lets 180,000 doctors call rides for their patients | last=della Cava | first=Marco | work=[[USA Today]] | date=March 5, 2018 | access-date=March 5, 2018 | archive-date=March 5, 2018 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180305190102/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/03/05/lyft-deal-allscripts-lets-180-000-doctors-call-rides-their-patients/389122002/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180305190102/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/03/05/lyft-deal-allscripts-lets-180-000-doctors-call-rides-their-patients/389122002/) | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/04/lyft-and-allscripts-want-to-make-it-easier-to-get-people-to-the-doctors-office.html](https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/04/lyft-and-allscripts-want-to-make-it-easier-to-get-people-to-the-doctors-office.html) | title=Lyft and Allscripts want to make it easier to get people to the doctor's office | last=LaVito | first=Angelica | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 5, 2018 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=September 25, 2018 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180925062457/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/04/lyft-and-allscripts-want-to-make-it-easier-to-get-people-to-the-doctors-office.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180925062457/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/04/lyft-and-allscripts-want-to-make-it-easier-to-get-people-to-the-doctors-office.html) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Febuluwale 2018, Lyft wakalemba ntchito uyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa malonda gha pa charu chose wa Tesla, [[Jon McNeill]], kuŵa mulara wakwendeska ntchito (COO).<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2018 |title=Lyft hires Tesla executive Jon McNeill as COO |url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/technology/lyft-hires-tesla-executive-jon-mcneill-as-coo-idUSKBN1FS04Y/](https://www.reuters.com/article/technology/lyft-hires-tesla-executive-jon-mcneill-as-coo-idUSKBN1FS04Y/) |access-date=April 2, 2026 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Lyft wakagura [[Motivate (company)|Motivate]], ndondomeko ya [[magalimoto gha njinga ghakugawikana]] kweniso uyo wakwendeska [[Capital Bikeshare]] na [[Citi Bike]], mu Novembala 2018.<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2018/12/03/lyft-completes-acquisition-of-portlands-bikeshare.html](https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2018/12/03/lyft-completes-acquisition-of-portlands-bikeshare.html) | title=Lyft completes acquisition of Portland's bike-share program operator | first=Carrie | last=Ghose | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=December 3, 2018 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=January 17, 2020 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200117182740/https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2018/12/03/lyft-completes-acquisition-of-portlands-bikeshare.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200117182740/https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2018/12/03/lyft-completes-acquisition-of-portlands-bikeshare.html) | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=[http://fortune.com/2018/11/29/lyft-biggest-bike-share-service-citi/](http://fortune.com/2018/11/29/lyft-biggest-bike-share-service-citi/) | title=Lyft Inks Deal With N.Y.C. and Becomes Largest Bike-Share Service in U.S. | first=Laura | last=Stampler | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=November 29, 2018 | access-date=April 13, 2019 | archive-date=April 11, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190411134822/http://fortune.com/2018/11/29/lyft-biggest-bike-share-service-citi/](https://web.archive.org/web/20190411134822/http://fortune.com/2018/11/29/lyft-biggest-bike-share-service-citi/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Kampani iyi yikalengezga so yikukhumba kusazgirapo njinga za Citi 28,000 na kusazgirako uteŵeti wake.<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-to-add-28-000-citi-bikes-and-expand-service-1543508558](https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-to-add-28-000-citi-bikes-and-expand-service-1543508558) | title=Lyft to Add 28,000 Citi Bikes and Expand Service | last=Berger | first=Paul | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=November 29, 2018 | url-access=subscription | access-date=November 30, 2018 | archive-date=November 30, 2018 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181130090405/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-to-add-28-000-citi-bikes-and-expand-service-1543508558](https://web.archive.org/web/20181130090405/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-to-add-28-000-citi-bikes-and-expand-service-1543508558) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Novembala 2018, Lyft wakamazga mulandu wa gulu la ŵanthu awo wakatsegulika mu 2014, uwo ukatenge kampani iyi yikatuma mameseji ghanandi gha malonda agho ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga yayi.<ref name="TCA2018">{{cite web | last1=Pennington | first1=Laura | title=Lyft, Consumers Seek Approval of $4M Texting Class Action Settlement | website=Top Class Actions | date=November 9, 2018 | url=[https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/863072-lyft-consumers-seek-approval-4m-texting-class-action-settlement/](https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/863072-lyft-consumers-seek-approval-4m-texting-class-action-settlement/) | access-date=March 15, 2019 | archive-date=April 2, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042907/https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/863072-lyft-consumers-seek-approval-4m-texting-class-action-settlement/](https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042907/https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/863072-lyft-consumers-seek-approval-4m-texting-class-action-settlement/) | url-status=live }}</ref> Padera pa malipiro gha madola 4 miliyoni ku ŵakudandawura, ŵakupeleka mulandu ŵakapempha madola 1 miliyoni gha ndalama za maloya.<ref>{{cite news | last=Sinay | first=Reenat | title=2 Firms In $4M Lyft TCPA Deal Seek Nearly $1M Attys' Fees | url=[https://www.law360.com/articles/1129378/2-firms-in-4m-lyft-tcpa-deal-seek-nearly-1m-attys-fees](https://www.law360.com/articles/1129378/2-firms-in-4m-lyft-tcpa-deal-seek-nearly-1m-attys-fees) | publisher=[[Law360]] | date=February 14, 2019 | url-access=subscription | access-date=March 15, 2019 | archive-date=April 2, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042925/https://www.law360.com/articles/1129378/2-firms-in-4m-lyft-tcpa-deal-seek-nearly-1m-attys-fees](https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042925/https://www.law360.com/articles/1129378/2-firms-in-4m-lyft-tcpa-deal-seek-nearly-1m-attys-fees) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Malichi 2019, Lyft yikaŵa [[kampani ya ŵanthu wose]] kwizira mu [[kupereka masheya kakwamba kwa ŵanthu wose]], ndipo yikakwezga madola 2.34 biliyoni pa mtengo wa kampani wa madola 24.3 biliyoni.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lyft-ipo-idUSKCN1R92P4](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lyft-ipo-idUSKCN1R92P4) |title=Lyft valued at $24.3 billion in first ride-hailing IPO |date=March 29, 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=September 10, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329155048/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lyft-ipo-idUSKCN1R92P4|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190329155048/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lyft-ipo-idUSKCN1R92P4|url-status=live}})</ref> Kampani iyi yikasunga masheya ghanyake kuti ghaŵe gha madalaivala awo ŵagwira nayo ntchito nyengo yitali.<ref>{{cite press release | url=[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lyft-announces-driver-bonuses-and-directed-share-program-opportunity-300805055.html](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lyft-announces-driver-bonuses-and-directed-share-program-opportunity-300805055.html) | title=Lyft Announces Driver Bonuses and Directed Share Program Opportunity | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=March 1, 2019 | access-date=March 21, 2019 | archive-date=March 21, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190321231650/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lyft-announces-driver-bonuses-and-directed-share-program-opportunity-300805055.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20190321231650/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lyft-announces-driver-bonuses-and-directed-share-program-opportunity-300805055.html) | url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Malichi 2020, Lyft wakagura Halo Cars iyo yikupeleka malipiro ku madalaivala kuti ŵalongore malonda gha pa digito pa magalimoto ghawo.<ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/03/halo-cars-lyft-penn-wharton](https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/03/halo-cars-lyft-penn-wharton) |title=Lyft buys Halo Cars, a startup founded by four Penn students in 2018 | first=Anya | last=Tullman |work=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] | date=March 3, 2020 }}</ref> Mu Epulero 2020, pa nyengo ya [[mliri wa COVID-19 mu United States]], Lyft wakachita kuti ŵantchito 982 ŵalekere ntchito ndipo ŵanyake 288 ŵakaŵa pa tchuthi cha ntchito kuti ŵachepeske ndalama zakwendeskera kampani.<ref>{{Cite web | url=[https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1759509/000119312520125193/d848949d8k.htm](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1759509/000119312520125193/d848949d8k.htm) | title=Lyft, Inc. Form 8-K | via=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] | date=April 29, 2020 | access-date=December 14, 2020 | archive-date=September 20, 2020 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200920200814/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1759509%2F000119312520125193%2Fd848949d8k.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20200920200814/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1759509%2F000119312520125193%2Fd848949d8k.htm) | url-status=live }}</ref> Kampani iyi yikalutilira kupeleka ma scooter gha kupangiska mu San Francisco, apo boma la Miami likapempha Lyft kuti yimike milimo yake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric scooter-sharing grinds to a halt in response to the COVID-19 pandemic |url=[https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/20/21188119/electric-scooter-coronavirus-bird-lime-spin-suspend-bikes](https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/20/21188119/electric-scooter-coronavirus-bird-lime-spin-suspend-bikes) |last=Hawkins |first=Andrew J. |website=[[The Verge]] |date=March 20, 2020 |access-date=May 22, 2020 |archive-date=May 19, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200519123321/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/20/21188119/electric-scooter-coronavirus-bird-lime-spin-suspend-bikes](https://web.archive.org/web/20200519123321/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/20/21188119/electric-scooter-coronavirus-bird-lime-spin-suspend-bikes) |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2020, Lyft wakachita phangano na kampani yakupangiska magalimoto ya [[Sixt]] kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito Lyft ŵasange magalimoto ghakupangiska, ndipo kampani iyi yikupokera [[Komisheni (malipiro)|komisheni]]. Magalimoto ghanandi agho ghakupangiskika ghali gha Sixt ndipo ghakwendeskeka na iyo, ndipo wali na malo 85 mu U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2020/08/07/rent-a-car-straight-from-the-lyft-app-with-partner-sixt/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2020/08/07/rent-a-car-straight-from-the-lyft-app-with-partner-sixt/) |title=Lyft Gets Into The Rental Car Business With Partner SIXT | first=Michael | last=Goldstein |work=[[Forbes]] |archive-date=August 10, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200810005116/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2020/08/07/rent-a-car-straight-from-the-lyft-app-with-partner-sixt/#3bca63b1952a](https://web.archive.org/web/20200810005116/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2020/08/07/rent-a-car-straight-from-the-lyft-app-with-partner-sixt/#3bca63b1952a) |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=[https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/30/lyft-expands-its-rental-business-with-sixt-partnership/](https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/30/lyft-expands-its-rental-business-with-sixt-partnership/) |title=Lyft expands its rental business with Sixt partnership | first=Kirsten |last=Korosec | work=[[TechCrunch]] |archive-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200817230747/https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/30/lyft-expands-its-rental-business-with-sixt-partnership/](https://web.archive.org/web/20200817230747/https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/30/lyft-expands-its-rental-business-with-sixt-partnership/) |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Disembala 2020, Lyft wakapharazga mapulani ghakuti wayambiske uteŵeti wa [[magalimoto gha robotaxi|robotaxi]] mu misumba yinandi ya ku U.S. pamoza na Motional.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lienert |first=Paul |date=December 16, 2020|title=Lyft, Motional to launch multi-city U.S. robotaxi service in 2023 |language=en |work=Reuters |url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/autos-selfdriving-lyft-idUSKBN28Q2H2|access-date=December](https://www.reuters.com/article/autos-selfdriving-lyft-idUSKBN28Q2H2|access-date=December) 16, 2020}}</ref> Lyft wakaguliska chigaŵa chake cha magalimoto ghambura dalaivala ku [[Toyota]] pa madola 550 miliyoni mu Epulero 2021.<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/lyft-sells-self-driving-tech-unit-toyota-550-mln-moves-up-profit-timeline-2021-04-26/](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/lyft-sells-self-driving-tech-unit-toyota-550-mln-moves-up-profit-timeline-2021-04-26/) | title=Toyota to buy Lyft unit in boost to self-driving plans | first1=Tina | last1=Bellon | first2=Eimi | last2=Yamamitsu | work=[[Reuters]] | date=April 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/05/technology/lyft-ceo-logan-green/index.html](https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/05/technology/lyft-ceo-logan-green/index.html) | title=Lyft's quiet CEO Logan Green opens up on his wild ride | last=McFarland | first=Matt | work=[[CNN]] | date=March 5, 2018 | access-date=August 3, 2020 | archive-date=August 9, 2020 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809144545/https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/05/technology/lyft-ceo-logan-green/index.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200809144545/https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/05/technology/lyft-ceo-logan-green/index.html) | url-status=dead}}</ref> Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na mapangano na [[General Motors]],<ref>{{cite news | url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gm-lyft-investment/gm-invests-500-million-in-lyft-sets-out-self-driving-car-partnership-idUSKBN0UI1A820160105](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gm-lyft-investment/gm-invests-500-million-in-lyft-sets-out-self-driving-car-partnership-idUSKBN0UI1A820160105) | title=GM invests $500 million in Lyft, sets out self-driving car partnership | first=Steve | last=Trousdale | work=[[Reuters]] | date=January 5, 2016 | archive-date=April 5, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190405060852/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gm-lyft-investment/gm-invests-500-million-in-lyft-sets-out-self-driving-car-partnership-idUSKBN0UI1A820160105](https://web.archive.org/web/20190405060852/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gm-lyft-investment/gm-invests-500-million-in-lyft-sets-out-self-driving-car-partnership-idUSKBN0UI1A820160105) | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=[http://fortune.com/2016/05/05/lyft-gm-self-driving-pilot/](http://fortune.com/2016/05/05/lyft-gm-self-driving-pilot/) | title=GM and Lyft Will Test Self-Driving Taxis Within the Next Year | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | first=Kia | last=Kokalitcheva | date=May 5, 2016 | archive-date=July 13, 2016 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160713140844/http://fortune.com/2016/05/05/lyft-gm-self-driving-pilot/](https://web.archive.org/web/20160713140844/http://fortune.com/2016/05/05/lyft-gm-self-driving-pilot/) | url-status=live }}</ref> [[NuTonomy]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/6/15742274/lyft-nutonomy-self-driving-car-partnership-boston-pilot](https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/6/15742274/lyft-nutonomy-self-driving-car-partnership-boston-pilot) | title=Lyft teams up with NuTonomy to put 'thousands' of self-driving cars on the road | last=Hawkins | first=Andrew J. | work=[[The Verge]] | date=June 6, 2017 | archive-date=July 5, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170705121536/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/6/15742274/lyft-nutonomy-self-driving-car-partnership-boston-pilot](https://web.archive.org/web/20170705121536/https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/6/15742274/lyft-nutonomy-self-driving-car-partnership-boston-pilot) | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ford Motor Company]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/27/technology/lyft-ford-self-driving-cars.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/27/technology/lyft-ford-self-driving-cars.html) | title=Lyft Adds Ford to Its List of Self-Driving Car Partners | last=Isaac | first=Mike | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=September 27, 2017 | url-access=subscription | issn=0362-4331 | archive-date=September 29, 2017 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045518/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/27/technology/lyft-ford-self-driving-cars.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045518/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/27/technology/lyft-ford-self-driving-cars.html) | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/27/16373574/ford-lyft-self-driving-car-partnership-gm](https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/27/16373574/ford-lyft-self-driving-car-partnership-gm) | title=Ford and Lyft will work together to deploy autonomous cars | first=Andrew J. | last=Hawkins | work=[[The Verge]] | date=September 27, 2017 | archive-date=April 14, 2019 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190414115552/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/27/16373574/ford-lyft-self-driving-car-partnership-gm](https://web.archive.org/web/20190414115552/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/27/16373574/ford-lyft-self-driving-car-partnership-gm) | url-status=live }}</ref> [[GoMentum Station]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/08/lyfts-self-driving-technology-finds-momentum-in-concord/](https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/08/lyfts-self-driving-technology-finds-momentum-in-concord/) | title=Lyft's self-driving technology finds momentum in Concord | first=Rex | last=Crum | work=[[The Mercury News]] | date=March 8, 2018 | archive-date=March 10, 2018 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074350/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/08/lyfts-self-driving-technology-finds-momentum-in-concord/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074350/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/08/lyfts-self-driving-technology-finds-momentum-in-concord/) | url-status=live}}</ref> ndiposo [[Magna International]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.cnet.com/news/lyft-partners-with-magna-on-developing-and-manufacturing-self-driving-cars/](https://www.cnet.com/news/lyft-partners-with-magna-on-developing-and-manufacturing-self-driving-cars/) | title=Lyft is building self-driving tech that can go in any car | first=Dara | last=Kerr | work=[[CNET]] | date=March 14, 2018 | archive-date=March 15, 2018 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180315061433/https://www.cnet.com/news/lyft-partners-with-magna-on-developing-and-manufacturing-self-driving-cars/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180315061433/https://www.cnet.com/news/lyft-partners-with-magna-on-developing-and-manufacturing-self-driving-cars/) | url-status=live}}</ref> Kweniso yikaŵa na Blue Vision Labs, kampani yachoko ya [[ukuzga vinthu vyaunenesko|augmented reality]] iyo yikaŵa ku London, iyo yikagulika mu 2018 pa madola 72 miliyoni.<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18014200/lyft-self-driving-car-acquires-blue-vision-lab-ar](https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18014200/lyft-self-driving-car-acquires-blue-vision-lab-ar) | title=Lyft unveils a new self-driving car and acquires an AR startup | first=Andrew J. | last=Hawkins | work=[[The Verge]] | date=October 23, 2018 | archive-date=November 1, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101095729/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18014200/lyft-self-driving-car-acquires-blue-vision-lab-ar | url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Epulero 2022, Lyft wakapharazga phangano lakugura [[PBSC Urban Solutions]], uyo wakupereka vyakwendeska na tekinoloje ya magalimoto gha njinga ghakugawikana ku Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellan |first=Rebecca |title=Lyft doubles micromobility footprint with PBSC acquisition |url=[https://techcrunch.com/2022/04/19/lyft-doubles-micromobility-footprint-with-pbsc-acquisition/](https://techcrunch.com/2022/04/19/lyft-doubles-micromobility-footprint-with-pbsc-acquisition/) |website=[[TechCrunch]] |date=April 20, 2022}}</ref> Mu Novembala 2022, kampani iyi yikapharazga kuti yikuchita kuchita kuti ŵantchito pafupifupi 700 ŵalekere ntchito, panji kuti ni pafupifupi 13% ya ŵantchito ŵake wose.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lyft to Lay Off About 700 Employees in Second Round of Job Cuts |url=[https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-plans-to-lay-off-hundreds-of-staffers-11667490092?mod=hp_lead_pos3](https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-plans-to-lay-off-hundreds-of-staffers-11667490092?mod=hp_lead_pos3) |last1=Rana |first1=Preetika |last2=Glazer |first2=Emily |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 3, 2022 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Malichi 2023, [[David Risher]] wakimikika kuŵa CEO wa kampani iyi.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rana |first1=Preetika |last2=Thomas |first2=Lauren |last3=Glazer |first3=Emily |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Lyft Hires New CEO as Founders Step Back Amid Struggles with Competition |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-hires-new-ceo-as-founders-step-back-amid-struggles-with-competition-493d1aa5 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327203204/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-hires-new-ceo-as-founders-step-back-amid-struggles-with-competition-493d1aa5 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=4 January 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Genovese |first=Daniella |date=2023-08-15 |title=Lyft CEO buys $1.15M of company stock: 'I am putting my money where my mouth is' |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/lyft-ceo-buys-company-stock-putting-my-money-where-my-mouth-is |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=FOXBusiness |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Epulero 2023, kampani iyi yikapharazga kuti yikuchita kulekeska ntchito ŵantchito ŵa ofesi 1,076, panji kuti 26% ya ŵantchito ŵake. Ichi chikachitika pamanyuma pa vyakulekeska ntchito ivyo vikalengeka mu Julayi na Novembala 2022.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/27/lyft-layoffs-company-to-cut-1072-employees-or-26percent-of-its-workforce.html | title=Lyft to cut 1,072 employees, or 26% of its workforce | first=Rohan | last=Goswami | publisher=[[CNBC]] | date=April 27, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Korosec |first=Kirsten |date=2023-04-21 |title=Lyft to make 'significant' cuts across ride-hailing company |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/21/lyft-to-make-significant-cuts-across-ride-hailing-company/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Preetika | last1=Rana | first2=Lauren | last2=Thomas | first3=Emily |last3=Glazer| title=Lyft to Cut at Least 1,200 Jobs in New Round of Layoffs to Reduce Costs | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lyft-to-cut-at-least-1-200-jobs-in-new-round-of-layoffs-to-reduce-costs-da423e53 |access-date=2023-04-21 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=April 21, 2023 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Seputembala 2023, Lyft wakalekeska Lyft Rentals ndipo wakaleka kupeleka uteŵeti wa kupangiska magalimoto.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/21/23273092/lyft-rentals-layoffs-car-ride-sharing-transportation | title=Lyft Rentals shuts down as the ride-sharing company lays off about 60 people | first=Jasmine | last=Hicks | work=[[The Verge]] | date=July 21, 2022}}</ref> Mu chigaŵa chachiŵiri cha 2024, Lyft yikalemba phindu lake lakwamba la GAAP mu mbiri ya kampani iyi.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lyft-swings-to-a-profit-on-record-rides-but-its-earnings-outlook-comes-in-light-295ed235 | title=Lyft swings to a profit on record rides, but its earnings outlook comes in light | first=Emily | last=Bary | work=[[MarketWatch]] | date=August 7, 2024 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Kukwambilira kwa 2025, munthu wakutchuka mu nyimbo za rap wa ku Detroit, Dajua Blanding, uyo wakumanyikwa kuti Dank Demoss, ndipo wakuti wali na uzito wa "pafupi mapaundi 500", wakatsegula mulandu pa Lyft pamanyuma pakuti dalaivala wakakana kumwendeska, wakuti iyo yikaŵa "yikuru chomene" kuti yinganjira mu galimoto. Chochitika ichi, icho chikajambulika pa vidiyo, chikapangiska ŵanthu kusuzgika mtima na kwambiska milandu, ndipo Blanding wakatenge kusankhana chifukwa cha uzito nkhwambura kuzomerezgeka pasi pa malango gha Michigan. Mulandu uwu ukamazgika kuwaro kwa khoti.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://wkfr.com/dank-demoss-update-michigan/ | title=Lawyers for Michigan Rapper Dank Demoss Issue Update on Lyft Lawsuit | first=Lauren | last=Gordon | publisher=[[WKFR-FM]] | date=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Mu Julayi 2025, Lyft wakagura [[Free Now (uteŵeti)|Free Now]] pa mtengo wa €175 miliyoni, ndipo wakakuzga uteŵeti wake mu Europe.<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-31/lyft-completes-freenow-acquisition-isn-t-planning-to-cut-staff](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-31/lyft-completes-freenow-acquisition-isn-t-planning-to-cut-staff) | title=Lyft Completes Freenow Acquisition, Isn't Planning to Cut Staff | first=Natalie | last=Lung | publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=July 31, 2025}}</ref> Mu Seputembala 2025, Lyft wakachita phangano na [[Waymo]] kuti wagwiliskire ntchito [[magalimoto ghambura dalaivala]] pa uteŵeti wake mu Nashville.<ref>{{Cite news | url=[https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/17/lyft-and-waymo-are-partnering-to-bring-robotaxis-to-nashville/](https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/17/lyft-and-waymo-are-partnering-to-bring-robotaxis-to-nashville/) | title=Lyft and Waymo are partnering to bring robotaxis to Nashville | first=Kirsten | last=Korosec | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=September 17, 2025}}</ref> Kweniso wakachita phangano na May Mobility kuti wayambiske magalimoto ghambura dalaivala mu Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite press release | url=[https://maymobility.com/posts/lyft-and-may-mobility-deploy-their-first-autonomous-vehicle-fleet-in-atlanta/](https://maymobility.com/posts/lyft-and-may-mobility-deploy-their-first-autonomous-vehicle-fleet-in-atlanta/) | title=Lyft and May Mobility Deploy Their First Autonomous Vehicle Fleet in Atlanta | first=Karsten | last=Kutterer | publisher=[[May Mobility]] | date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Mu Okutobala 2025, Lyft wakagura TBR Global Chauffeuring pa mtengo wa £83 miliyoni.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.dentons.com/en/about-dentons/news-events-and-awards/news/2025/october/dentons-advises-tbr-global-chauffeuring-on-83-million-sale-to-lyft | title=Dentons advises TBR Global Chauffeuring on £83 million sale to Lyft | work=[[Dentons]] | date=October 17, 2025}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ==Vyakulumikizga vya kuwaro== {{Commons category|Lyft}} * {{Official website}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Lyft| ]] [[Category:Vinthu vya kwambira mu 2012 ku California]] [[Category:Kupereka masheya kakwamba kwa ŵanthu wose mu 2019]] [[Category:Mapulogalamu gha Android (ndondomeko yakwendeskera)]] [[Category:Makampani agho ghali ku San Francisco]] [[Category:Makampani agho ghali pa Nasdaq]] [[Category:Mapulogalamu gha iOS]] [[Category:Mapulogalamu ghakutolera malo]] [[Category:Makampani gha kugawana mayendedwe gha ku United States]] [[Category:Makampani gha vyakwendeskera ghakambiska mu 2012]] s06g91kdqoiukax3qlg19xwp0hysk46 4 48261 120298 118246 2026-08-27T10:06:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120298 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Woodruff Block Building 2010.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyumba ya Woodruff Block]]''' ni nyumba yakale ya malonda iyo yili mu [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]], mu [[Oswego County, New York]]. Nyumba iyi yikazengeka cha m'ma 1840 ndipo njakukwana vipinda vinkhondi. Yikapangika na malibwe ndipo yili na mizati yakudumulika ya malibwe iyo yili na mitu ya mtundu wa [[Doric order|Doric]] mu kapangidwe ka [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]]. Apo yikazengeka, nyumba iyi yikaŵa pa malo ghakuzirwa chomene chifukwa yikaŵa kufupi na kumalizgira kwa [[Oswego Canal]] uwo ukazengeka mu 1828. Nyumba iyi yikasinthika pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1900 na 1930, kweni yikalutilira kuŵa chigaŵa chakumanyikwa cha msumba wa Oswego. Mu 1995, [[Nyumba ya Woodruff Block]] yikapika malo pa [[Mndandanda wa malo gha mdauko gha charu cha United States|Mndandanda wa malo gha mdauko gha charu cha United States]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwake kwa mdauko na kapangidwe ka nyumba. ([[Nyumba ya Woodruff Block|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g9v1mmgzphhr6sn93ivjb90svakdlcj 120299 120298 2026-08-27T10:07:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120299 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Clavelina moluccensis 60641896.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Clavelina moluccensis]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Tunicata|tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''. Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima. Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]], [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]]. Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. ([[Clavelina moluccensis|Nkhani yose...]]) 6cvooqhnz5crjuhqql0e6drara62ggg 120300 120299 2026-08-27T10:12:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120300 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Clavelina moluccensis 60641896.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Clavelina moluccensis]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Tunicata|tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''. Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima. Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]], [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]]. Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. ([[Clavelina moluccensis|Nkhani yose...]]) ibwtdhsmetukiru56erb9ou1lvwkioo 120301 120300 2026-08-27T10:12:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120301 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Clavelina moluccensis 60641896.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Clavelina moluccensis]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Tunicata|tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''. Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima. Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]], [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]]. Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. Vikovwira so kuŵika vinthu vya mu nyanja mu nthowa yakwenelera. ([[Clavelina moluccensis|Nkhani yose...]]) so8grjmhsocue6w73qtne0hrr54cefa 120302 120301 2026-08-27T10:13:58Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120302 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Clavelina moluccensis 60641896.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Clavelina moluccensis]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Tunicata|tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''. Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima. Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]], [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]]. Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. Vikovwira so kuŵika vinthu vya mu nyanja mu nthowa yakwenelera. Vinyama ivi vikuŵa vyakuzirwa chomene mu malo gha nyanja chifukwa vikovwira pa kayendedwe ka chakurya na vinthu vinyake mu maji. ([[Clavelina moluccensis|Nkhani yose...]]) a1q80czae4699untotieuvyqgiza9vn 4 48320 120039 118363 2026-08-26T12:00:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mndandanda uwu ngwakukhwaskana na charu cha [[Netherlands]]''' <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg|thumb|left|[[William the Silent]]]]</div> * [[1433]] - Vigaŵa vinandi vya Netherlands vikamba kuwusika na [[Duchy of Burgundy]].<br> * [[1568]] - [[Eighty Years' War]] yikamba pakati pa ŵa Netherlands na Spain.<br> * [[1579-01-23]] - [[Union of Utrecht]] yikasayinika ndipo yikazgoka maziko gha Netherlands yasono.<br> * [[1581-07-26]] - [[Act of Abjuration]] yikapharazga kuti vigaŵa vya Netherlands vikujitonda ku Spain.<br> * [[1648-01-30]] - [[Peace of Münster]] yikazomerezga wanangwa wa [[Dutch Republic]].<br> [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|thumb|100px|Mbendela ya [[Netherlands]]]] * [[1815-03-16]] - [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] yikakhazikika pamanyuma pa nkhondo za Napoleon.<br> * [[1839-04-19]] - Netherlands yikazomerezga kujiyimira kwa [[Belgium]] na [[Treaty of London (1839)]].<br> * [[1940-05-10]] - [[Nazi Germany]] yikawukira Netherlands pa [[World War II]].<br> * [[1945-05-05]] - Netherlands yikafwatuka ku ulamuliro wa Germany.<br> * [[1949-04-04]] - Netherlands yikazgoka yimoza mwa vyaru vyakwamba kunjira mu [[NATO]].<br> <!--HooksEnd--> {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top:0.5em; text-align:right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0fkb4bz2pwds8bph5tdnoi9a3rsrswi 3 48566 120268 119254 2026-08-27T06:24:01Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkarchive}} == Wow == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Greetings, wow, muli makola? I am super impressed by your work here. It's good to see you here and can't imagine how happy I am to see someone editing here. Yewo chomene. Chonde pitilizgani kuchita ntchito iwemi iyi. And again, welcome :). [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 23:43, 22 Meyi 2026 (UTC) :Forgot to mention your English Wikipedia work also, amazing! [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 23:44, 22 Meyi 2026 (UTC) ::Hi, would you mind linking the page [[Palau]] to https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695, since I cannot yet. Thank you so much! [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] ([[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|pakuchezgela]]) 01:11, 23 Meyi 2026 (UTC) == Chonde ikani "Email" == Hi, please add email. If you use from a new device or location, you may be locked out forever with no means of retrieving your account. Email helps with password resets, private emails, etc. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 00:01, 23 Meyi 2026 (UTC) :Thank you. I am also letting you know the articles I am creating are very very short. I am planning on expanding them all soon, when I get more info. Thanks! [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] ([[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|pakuchezgela]]) 01:07, 23 Meyi 2026 (UTC) :I don't have a email yet, I am from Mozambique and I only just moved and are trying to set an email. Thanks. [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] ([[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|pakuchezgela]]) 01:10, 23 Meyi 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], please can you make a temporary email and link it to this account. Thank you. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 13:16, 19 Julayi 2026 (UTC) :::I will look into it. Thanks. [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] ([[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|pakuchezgela]]) 12:27, 21 Julayi 2026 (UTC) == Join Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi == Hello @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], '''Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi''' welcomes Wikimedia contributors from Malawi and contributors interested in Malawi-related knowledge to participate in building a stronger Wikimedia community. We invite contributors from Tumbuka, English and Chewa Wikipedias, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and other Wikimedia projects to become participating members of the community. If you would like to participate: # Visit the [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating|Founding and Participating Members]] page. # Open the '''Participating members''' section directly: [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating#List_of_participants]] # Add your Wikimedia username under the list of participating members. # Sign your entry by adding <nowiki>#~~~~</nowiki> after your username. Your participation will help strengthen Wikimedia projects in Malawi, including Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and Malawian language content. Participants may contribute to community discussions, outreach activities, edit-a-thons, language projects, cultural documentation, and other free knowledge initiatives. Everyone interested in creating, improving, and sharing free knowledge is welcome to participate. Thank you. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 14:07, 19 Julayi 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] thanks. And here too: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 08:20, 20 Julayi 2026 (UTC) ::Of course, anytime! Nyengo zose nkhukondwa kutorapo mbali. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:35, 21 Julayi 2026 (UTC) == Admin flag == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, I would like to nominate you as an admin so that you move some pages without leaving a redirect, import templates, delete pages that you would consider not useful, protect pages, etc. Let me know if it is okay with you. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 15:14, 21 Julayi 2026 (UTC) :I would love that, thanks. Completely ok. However, I am a bit worried I am too new to be an admin. Anyways, thank you so much. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 00:05, 22 Julayi 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] if you are nervous about that, then take your time. At least notify when you will need it after couple of months. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:07, 23 Julayi 2026 (UTC) == Lets wake up Tumbuka Wiktionary == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Can we please wake this project up? It has been almost 4 years now and it is not yet ready. It only needs few entries to get going. 10 entries from you, me and the lest of other editors then it will be published. We already requested it [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wiktionary_Tumbuka here], the main page is [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/tum/Jani_likulu here]. This how its articles [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wt/tum/Malawi look like here], and others are on main page. If it has some entries, I will then post on Meta. See last time I posted there and what the response [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Language_committee/2024#Request_for_Approval_of_Tumbuka_Wiktionary was this]. Thanks. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 17:35, 21 Julayi 2026 (UTC) :One issue - I do not have an interest in actively expanding a Wiktionary. My main focus is Wikipedia, unfortunately. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 00:04, 22 Julayi 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Great! [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:05, 23 Julayi 2026 (UTC) == Translation notification: Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest == Hello Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to chiTumbuka on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest|Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AOpen+Heritage-Wikidata+Contest&language=tum&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to chiTumbuka] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-08-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, We are looking forward to translating this page. We highly appreciate your support Best</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 18:54, 10 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SanBonne@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> 6ox5ys0qtn56ig28x30nwgbxlyfsq9z 0 48582 120258 119356 2026-08-27T01:34:07Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 120258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Liboi''' ni muzi mu [[Garissa County, Kenya|chigaŵa cha Garissa]] mu charu cha [[Kenya]].<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 11,440 (2009).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161026174516/http://softkenya.com/wards/liboi-county-assembly-ward/</ref> ==Malo== Muzi iyi yili pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 180 (112 mi), pa msewu, kumpoto chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa [[Garissa]], uko kuli likuru la chigaŵa ichi.<ref>http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Garissa%2C%20Garissa%20County%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Liboi%2C%20Garissa%20County%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJXeoyZalKIBgRoM3zor0b31Q&dt2=ChIJTX3NeLOw9RcRfjKPWv2NSyc</ref> Liboi ili pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 78 kumafumiro gha dazi kwa [[Dadaab]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 September 2016 |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Dadaab%2C%20Garissa%20County%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Liboi%2C%20Garissa%20County%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJezI3M69g9RcROaoiPxpJji4&dt2=ChIJTX3NeLOw9RcRfjKPWv2NSyc |title=Distance between Dadaab, Garissa County, Kenya and Liboi, Garissa County, Kenya |accessdate=12 September 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com |author=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Iyi ni mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 546 (339 mi), pa msewu, kumpoto chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa [[Nairobi]], msumba ukuru ndiposo msumba ukuru chomene ku Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=12 September 2016| url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%2C%20Nairobi%20County%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Liboi%2C%20Garissa%20County%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJp0lN2HIRLxgRTJKXslQCz_c&dt2=ChIJTX3NeLOw9RcRfjKPWv2NSyc |title=Distance between Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya and Liboi, Garissa County, Kenya |date=12 September 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com | last=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Liboi nayo wali pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 15 kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa mphaka na [[Somalia]], ndipo makilomita 17 kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni ya [[Dhobley]] ku Somalia. Malo gha Liboi ni agha: 00°21'20.0"N, 40°52'32.0"E ({{coord|0.355557|40.875549}}).<ref>{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B021'20.0%22N+40%C2%B052'32.0%22E/@0.1521293,40.1932103,141903m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.355557!4d40.875549 | title=Location of Liboi, Garissa County, Kenya | accessdate=12 September 2016}}</ref> == Kuwoneseska mwakudumura == Liboi ni malo ghakulongozga mu Boma la Liboi, chimoza mwa vigaŵa khumi na chimoza vyakulongozga vya [[Garissa County, Kenya|chigaŵa cha Garissa]]. Liboi ili na ŵanthu wose pamoza 11,440 kufuma mu 2009. Pa chisankho Liboi ni wadi ndipo ni ''Dadaab Constituency''.<ref name="Pop">{{cite web |author=Soft Kenya |date=31 August 2010 |title=Liboi County Assembly Ward |url=http://softkenya.com/wards/liboi-county-assembly-ward/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026174516/http://softkenya.com/wards/liboi-county-assembly-ward/ |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |accessdate=12 September 2016 |publisher=Softkenya.com |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Ndege ya Liboi, iyo yili mukati mwa tawuni iyi, yikuteŵetera Liboi na ŵanthu ŵapafupi.<ref>{{google maps|accessdate=12 September 2016|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B021'14.0%22N+40%C2%B052'40.0%22E/@0.3602061,40.8640511,3750m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.353879!4d40.877763|title=Location of Liboi Airport, Liboi, Garissa County, Kenya}}</ref> ==Mbiri== Pa 6 Seputembala 1940, Liboi ndiyo yikaŵa malo gha nkhondo mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose pakati pa ŵasilikari ŵa Allied awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Britain na ŵasilikari ŵa [[Italy]] awo ŵakaŵa ŵamazaza. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Italy ŵakathereska nkhondo iyi. Iyi yikaŵa nkhondo yakwamba iyo ŵasilikari ŵa ku [[South Africa]] ŵakachita. Mu vilimika vya m’ma 1990, apo nkhondo ya ŵasilikari ŵa ku Somalia yikamba, ku Liboi kukaŵa msasa ukuru wa ŵanthu awo ŵakachimbira kwawo. Mu 1992, ŵanthu 50,000 ŵa ku Somalia ŵakakhalanga pafupi na Liboi.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/16/world/somali-refugees-find-little-relief-at-kenya-camp.html</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Kenya]] 4a22pdof1q0ae4wndqf9ovczi4xq2en 0 48705 120043 119908 2026-08-26T12:38:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 viphya 120043 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Wikipedia:Main Page/styles.css" /> {{Chiphapha cha panthazi}} <templatestyles src="Main Page/minerva.css" />__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {| style="width:100%; background:#eef7f3; border:1px solid #cfe4dc; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:12px;" | style="padding:16px; text-align:center;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b6b4f; margin-bottom:8px;"> </div> |} {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- FEATURED ARTICLE --> {| style="width:100%; background:#eef9f3; border:1px solid #a8d5c1; border-left:5px solid #159570; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#eef9f3;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Newspaper.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Nkhani ya mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f3fbf7;" | <div id="mp-tfa"> {{Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- DID YOU KNOW --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf6ff; border:1px solid #b7d2ea; border-left:5px solid #3684c6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf6ff;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Lightbulb.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Kasi mukumanya? </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f4f9ff;" | <div id="mp-dyk"> {{Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- TODAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#fff7e7; border:1px solid #ead3a5; border-left:5px solid #e19a27; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#fff7e7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Calendar-icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Pa dazi ili </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fffaf0;" | <div id="mp-itn"> {{Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- ON THIS DAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f7f0fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #8b63b6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f7f0fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:History.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mbili ya vyakuchitika </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fbf7fe;" | <div id="mp-otd"> {{Wikipedia:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} |} <!-- ========================================================= UNCONTACTED TRIBES + PLACES TO DISCOVER ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0 0 14px 0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- UNCONTACTED TRIBES --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f4fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #7b4fa3; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f4fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:People icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#fcf9ff;" | {{Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- PLACES TO DISCOVER --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf9f7; border:1px solid #b9ddd5; border-left:5px solid #159a8a; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf9f7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Malo ghakuzizwiska </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#f6fcfb;" | {{Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} |} <!-- ========================================================= IMAGE OF THE DAY ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f4f6f8; border:1px solid #ccd3d9; border-left:5px solid #72777d; border-radius:12px; margin:0 0 14px 0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f4f6f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Photo icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Chithuzi cha mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:16px; text-align:center; background:#fafbfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} <!-- ========================================================= RELATED WIKIPEDIA IN AFRICA ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f8f8; border:1px solid #d2d2d2; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f8f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika </div> |- | style="padding:15px; background:#fcfcfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika}} |} {{purgepage}} fi82bbqtkicaq9fog2grxp0dnrka4vc 120141 120043 2026-08-26T13:42:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120141 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Wikipedia:Main Page/styles.css" /> {{Chiphapha cha panthazi}} <templatestyles src="Main Page/minerva.css" />__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {| style="width:100%; background:#eef7f3; border:1px solid #cfe4dc; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:12px;" | style="padding:16px; text-align:center;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b6b4f; margin-bottom:8px;"> </div> |} {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- FEATURED ARTICLE --> {| style="width:100%; background:#eef9f3; border:1px solid #a8d5c1; border-left:5px solid #159570; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#eef9f3;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Newspaper.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Nkhani ya mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f3fbf7;" | <div id="mp-tfa"> {{Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- DID YOU KNOW --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf6ff; border:1px solid #b7d2ea; border-left:5px solid #3684c6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf6ff;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Lightbulb.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Kasi mukumanya? </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f4f9ff;" | <div id="mp-dyk"> {{Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- TODAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#fff7e7; border:1px solid #ead3a5; border-left:5px solid #e19a27; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#fff7e7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Calendar-icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Pa dazi ili </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fffaf0;" | <div id="mp-itn"> {{Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- ON THIS DAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f7f0fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #8b63b6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f7f0fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:History.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mbili ya vyakuchitika </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fbf7fe;" | <div id="mp-otd"> {{Wikipedia:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} |} <!-- ========================================================= UNCONTACTED TRIBES + PLACES TO DISCOVER ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0 0 14px 0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- UNCONTACTED TRIBES --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f4fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #7b4fa3; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f4fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:People icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#fcf9ff;" | {{Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- PLACES TO DISCOVER --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf9f7; border:1px solid #b9ddd5; border-left:5px solid #159a8a; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf9f7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Malo ghakuzizwiska </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#f6fcfb;" | {{Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} |} <!-- ========================================================= IMAGE OF THE DAY ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f4f6f8; border:1px solid #ccd3d9; border-left:5px solid #72777d; border-radius:12px; margin:0 0 14px 0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f4f6f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Photo icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Chithuzi cha mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:16px; text-align:center; background:#fafbfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} <!-- ========================================================= RELATED WIKIPEDIA IN AFRICA ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f8f8; border:1px solid #d2d2d2; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f8f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika </div> |- | style="padding:15px; background:#fcfcfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika}} |} {{purgepage}} dllemklr7v6wglihi231zgnngrbk4zv 0 48726 120040 119953 2026-08-26T12:35:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 viphya 120040 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Wikipedia:Main Page/styles.css" /> {{Chiphapha cha panthazi}} <templatestyles src="Main Page/minerva.css" />__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {| style="width:100%; background:#eef7f3; border:1px solid #cfe4dc; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:12px;" | style="padding:16px; text-align:center;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b6b4f; margin-bottom:8px;"> </div> |} {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- FEATURED ARTICLE --> {| style="width:100%; background:#eef9f3; border:1px solid #a8d5c1; border-left:5px solid #159570; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#eef9f3;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Newspaper.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Nkhani ya mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f3fbf7;" | <div id="mp-tfa"> {{Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- DID YOU KNOW --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf6ff; border:1px solid #b7d2ea; border-left:5px solid #3684c6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf6ff;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Lightbulb.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Kasi mukumanya? </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#f4f9ff;" | <div id="mp-dyk"> {{Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- TODAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#fff7e7; border:1px solid #ead3a5; border-left:5px solid #e19a27; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#fff7e7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Calendar-icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Pa dazi ili </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fffaf0;" | <div id="mp-itn"> {{Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} <!-- ON THIS DAY --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f7f0fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #8b63b6; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f7f0fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:History.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mbili ya vyakuchitika </div> |- | style="padding:14px; line-height:1.6; background:#fbf7fe;" | <div id="mp-otd"> {{Wikipedia:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} </div> |} |} <!-- ========================================================= UNCONTACTED TRIBES + PLACES TO DISCOVER ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:transparent; margin:0 0 14px 0;" | style="width:50%; padding-right:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- UNCONTACTED TRIBES --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f4fc; border:1px solid #d8c5e8; border-left:5px solid #7b4fa3; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f4fc;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:People icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#fcf9ff;" | {{Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} | style="width:50%; padding-left:7px; vertical-align:top;" | <!-- PLACES TO DISCOVER --> {| style="width:100%; background:#edf9f7; border:1px solid #b9ddd5; border-left:5px solid #159a8a; border-radius:12px; margin:0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#edf9f7;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Malo ghakuzizwiska </div> |- | style="padding:15px; line-height:1.6; background:#f6fcfb;" | {{Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} |} <!-- ========================================================= IMAGE OF THE DAY ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f4f6f8; border:1px solid #ccd3d9; border-left:5px solid #72777d; border-radius:12px; margin:0 0 14px 0;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f4f6f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:Photo icon.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Chithuzi cha mwahuno </div> |- | style="padding:16px; text-align:center; background:#fafbfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}/{{CURRENTDAY}}}} |} <!-- ========================================================= RELATED WIKIPEDIA IN AFRICA ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:#f8f8f8; border:1px solid #d2d2d2; border-radius:12px; margin-bottom:14px;" |- | style="padding:8px 12px 4px 12px; background:#f8f8f8;" | <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; color:#202122; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-bottom:3px;"> [[File:P globe.svg|18px|link=]]&nbsp; Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika </div> |- | style="padding:15px; background:#fcfcfc;" | {{Wikipedia:Wikipediya zinyake zamu Afilika}} |} {{purgepage}} fi82bbqtkicaq9fog2grxp0dnrka4vc 10 48728 120303 119946 2026-08-27T10:25:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 kupenda 120303 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ⚠️ SERIOUS WARNING — DO NOT EDIT THIS TEMPLATE WITHOUT PRIOR DISCUSSION. 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class="center">'''Mindandanda:&nbsp;''' [[Special:AllPages/1|<span style="color:#36c;">1</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/2|<span style="color:#36c;">2</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/3|<span style="color:#36c;">3</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/4|<span style="color:#36c;">4</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/5|<span style="color:#36c;">5</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/6|<span style="color:#36c;">6</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/7|<span style="color:#36c;">7</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/8|<span style="color:#36c;">8</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/9|<span style="color:#36c;">9</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/A|<span style="color:#36c;">A</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/B|<span style="color:#36c;">B</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/C|<span style="color:#36c;">C</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/D|<span style="color:#36c;">D</span>]]<br>[[Special:AllPages/E|<span style="color:#36c;">E</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/|<span style="color:#36c;">F</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/G|<span style="color:#36c;">G</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/H|<span style="color:#36c;">H</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/I|<span style="color:#36c;">I</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/J|<span style="color:#36c;">J</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/K|<span style="color:#36c;">K</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/L|<span style="color:#36c;">L</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/M|<span style="color:#36c;">M</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/N|<span style="color:#36c;">N</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/O|<span style="color:#36c;">O</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/P|<span style="color:#36c;">P</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Q|<span style="color:#36c;">Q</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/R|<span style="color:#36c;">R</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/S|<span style="color:#36c;">S</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/T|<span style="color:#36c;">T</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/U|<span style="color:#36c;">U</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/V|<span style="color:#36c;">V</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/W|<span style="color:#36c;">W</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/X|<span style="color:#36c;">X</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Y|<span style="color:#36c;">Y</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Z|<span style="color:#36c;">Z</span>]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px;background:#f0f0f0;padding:6px;border-radius:6px;text-align:center;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:5px;">Pangani nkhani yiphya</div> <inputbox> type=create width=35 break=no buttonlabel=Pangani nkhani yasono </inputbox> </div> | class="hp-statistika" | <div class="hp-statistika-1"> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hp-view-buttons"> [https://tum.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile <span>Mobile View</span>] <span class="hp-view-separator">|</span> [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop <span>Desktop View</span>] </div> [[File:Tumbuka Wikipedia cultural logo.svg|150px|link=]] </div> |} </div> <div class="hp-portal"> {| class="hp-responsive-table" | style="background-color:#F9F4F0;border-color:#996633;width:10em;" | [[Malaŵi|<span style="color:#36c;">Malaŵi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F9F0;border-color:#999933;width:10em;" | [[Zambia|<span style="color:#36c;">Zambia</span>]] | style="background-color:#F4F9F0;border-color:#669933;width:10em;" | [[Tanzania|<span style="color:#36c;">Tanzania</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F9F0;border-color:#339933;width:10em;" | [[Rumphi|<span style="color:#36c;">Rumphi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F9F9;border-color:#339999;width:10em;" | [[Lundazi|<span style="color:#36c;">Lundazi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F4F9;border-color:#336699;width:10em;" | [[Chasefu|<span style="color:#36c;">Chasefu</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F0F9;border-color:#333399;width:10em;" | [[Chama|<span style="color:#36c;">Chama</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F9;border-color:#993399;width:10em;" | [[Mzimba|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzimba</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F4;border-color:#993366;width:10em;" | [[Mzalangwe|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzalangwe</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Mzuzu|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzuzu</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Ekwendeni|<span style="color:#36c;">Ekwendeni</span>]] |} </div> </div> </div> <noinclude>[[Kategoriya:Bas bet]]</noinclude> 0043jmdqo8qjzdedj3cataxx1n1rmox 120304 120303 2026-08-27T10:26:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120304 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ⚠️ SERIOUS WARNING — DO NOT EDIT THIS TEMPLATE WITHOUT PRIOR DISCUSSION. 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If you are unsure, leave this template unchanged and ask an experienced administrator first. - - - --> <templatestyles src="Template:Chiphapha cha panthazi/styles.css" /> <div style="box-shadow:0 0 0.3rem #999;"> <div class= style="padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:25px;padding-left:25px;"> <div class="hp-header"> {| class="hp-responsive-table" | class="hp-dd" | <div class="hp-dd-2" style="text-shadow:1px 1px #f5f5f5;">[[Wikipedia:Mwapokeleleka|<span class="hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow">Mwapokeleleka</span>]] pa [[Wikipediya|<span class="hp-wikipediya-link">Wikipediya</span>]] ya</div><div class="hp-statistika-1"><div style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;text-shadow:2px 2px #f5f5f5;text-transform:none !important;">[[ChiTumbuka|<span class="hp-chitumbuka-link">ChiTumbuka</span>]]</div> <div>Pasono tina vyakulemba vyakukwana [[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#36c;">'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''</span>]] mu [[ChiTumbuka|<span style="color:#36c;">ChiTumbuka</span>]].</div> <div class="center">'''Mindandanda:&nbsp;''' [[Special:AllPages/1|<span style="color:#36c;">1</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/2|<span style="color:#36c;">2</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/3|<span style="color:#36c;">3</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/4|<span style="color:#36c;">4</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/5|<span style="color:#36c;">5</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/6|<span style="color:#36c;">6</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/7|<span style="color:#36c;">7</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/8|<span style="color:#36c;">8</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/9|<span style="color:#36c;">9</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/A|<span style="color:#36c;">A</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/B|<span style="color:#36c;">B</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/C|<span style="color:#36c;">C</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/D|<span style="color:#36c;">D</span>]]<br>[[Special:AllPages/E|<span style="color:#36c;">E</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/|<span style="color:#36c;">F</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/G|<span style="color:#36c;">G</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/H|<span style="color:#36c;">H</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/I|<span style="color:#36c;">I</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/J|<span style="color:#36c;">J</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/K|<span style="color:#36c;">K</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/L|<span style="color:#36c;">L</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/M|<span style="color:#36c;">M</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/N|<span style="color:#36c;">N</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/O|<span style="color:#36c;">O</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/P|<span style="color:#36c;">P</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Q|<span style="color:#36c;">Q</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/R|<span style="color:#36c;">R</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/S|<span style="color:#36c;">S</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/T|<span style="color:#36c;">T</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/U|<span style="color:#36c;">U</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/V|<span style="color:#36c;">V</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/W|<span style="color:#36c;">W</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/X|<span style="color:#36c;">X</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Y|<span style="color:#36c;">Y</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Z|<span style="color:#36c;">Z</span>]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px;background:#f0f0f0;padding:6px;border-radius:6px;text-align:center;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:5px;">Pangani nkhani yiphya</div> <inputbox> type=create width=35 break=no buttonlabel=Pangani nkhani yasono </inputbox> </div> | class="hp-statistika" | <div class="hp-statistika-1"> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hp-view-buttons"> [https://tum.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile <span>Mobile View</span>] <span class="hp-view-separator">|</span> [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop <span>Desktop View</span>] </div> [[File:Tumbuka Wikipedia cultural logo.svg|150px|link=]] </div> |} </div> <div class="hp-portal"> {| class="hp-responsive-table" | style="background-color:#F9F4F0;border-color:#996633;width:10em;" | [[Malaŵi|<span style="color:#36c;">Malaŵi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F9F0;border-color:#999933;width:10em;" | [[Zambia|<span style="color:#36c;">Zambia</span>]] | style="background-color:#F4F9F0;border-color:#669933;width:10em;" | [[Tanzania|<span style="color:#36c;">Tanzania</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F9F0;border-color:#339933;width:10em;" | [[Rumphi|<span style="color:#36c;">Rumphi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F9F9;border-color:#339999;width:10em;" | [[Lundazi|<span style="color:#36c;">Lundazi</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F4F9;border-color:#336699;width:10em;" | [[Chasefu|<span style="color:#36c;">Chasefu</span>]] | style="background-color:#F0F0F9;border-color:#333399;width:10em;" | [[Chama|<span style="color:#36c;">Chama</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F9;border-color:#993399;width:10em;" | [[Mzimba|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzimba</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F4;border-color:#993366;width:10em;" | [[Mzalangwe|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzalangwe</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Mzuzu|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzuzu</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Ekwendeni|<span style="color:#36c;">Ekwendeni</span>]] |} </div> </div> </div> 042msrjk9ulzjk233tto550gqswfp1z 4 48763 120038 120037 2026-08-26T11:59:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120038 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Albert April in the Amazon, with a zo'è family.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zo'é people|ŴaZo’é]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa ku [[Brazil]] awo ŵakukhala mu [[Pará]], chomene kufupi na [[Cuminapanema River|Mlonga wa Cuminapanema]] mu [[Amazon rainforest|thengele la Amazon]]. ŴaZo’é ŵali na umoyo wakukolerana chomene na [[chilengiwa]] na [[thengele]], ndipo ŵakukhala kwizila mu [[kusaka]], kusanga vyakurya, [[kukola somba]] na kulima [[chinangwa]]. Ŵali na [[umanyi wa chilengiwa]] wakuzama wa [[vinyama]], [[makuni]], [[vyakumera]], [[milonga]] na malo agho ŵakukhala. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakumanyikwa chifukwa cha umoyo wawo wakwendakwendamo pakusaka na kukola somba, uku ŵakukhalaso mu malo agho ŵakulima. Mazuŵa ghano ŵakukhala mu [[Chigaŵa cha ŵanthu ŵakwambilira cha Zo’é|malo ghakuvikililika]], ndipo ŵakulutilira kusunga [[mitheto]], [[chiyowoyero]] na umanyi wa makolo ghawo. ([[Zo'é people|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3yfjyjn50lxyo2hv5dw4n1gh31jqoq6 4 48768 120173 120035 2026-08-26T13:59:53Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/26]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/26]] without leaving a redirect 120035 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni|Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni malo ghakuru chomene gha [[mchere]] pa charu, agho ghali mu [[Bolivia]] ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Malo agha ghali pa malo ghakukwera chomene ndipo ghakafipa nga ni [[nyanja]] iyo yikaŵa makora chomene. Mu nyengo ya vula, maji ghakachanya pachanya pa mchere na kupanga chithuzithuzi cha [[mlengalenga]] icho chikupangiska kuti malo agha ghaleke kupambana na kuchanya. Mu nyengo yakomira, malo agha ghakulongora mitundu ya vinthu vya mchere iyo yikupanga vinthu vyakupambanapambana pachanya. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni malo ghakuzirwa pa [[ulendo wa kuwona malo]], [[kujambula vikozgo]] na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene pa charu. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gvn1g9jkys4jg8ffaogy523ekyh8msz 120206 120173 2026-08-26T18:46:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120206 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni|Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni malo ghakuru chomene gha [[mchere]] pa charu, agho ghali mu [[Bolivia]] ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Malo agha ghali pa malo ghakukwera chomene ndipo ghakafipa nga ni [[nyanja]] iyo yikaŵa makora chomene. Mu nyengo ya vula, maji ghakachanya pachanya pa mchere na kupanga chithuzithuzi cha [[mlengalenga]] icho chikupangiska kuti malo agha ghaleke kupambana na kuchanya. Mu nyengo yakomira, malo agha ghakulongora mitundu ya vinthu vya mchere iyo yikupanga vinthu vyakupambanapambana pachanya. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni malo ghakuzirwa pa [[ulendo wa kuwona malo]], [[kujambula vikozgo]] na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene pa charu. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 7soe2z6hqqwza16lhrw6wko8x1rtvft 14 48769 120045 2026-08-26T12:42:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120045 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48770 120046 2026-08-26T12:42:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120046 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48771 120047 2026-08-26T12:42:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120047 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48772 120048 2026-08-26T12:42:33Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120048 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48773 120049 2026-08-26T12:42:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120049 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48774 120050 2026-08-26T12:42:58Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120050 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48775 120051 2026-08-26T12:43:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120051 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48776 120052 2026-08-26T12:43:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Hidden category}}" 120052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} hkte2duffkjywpxxt3lp18bww66fee6 14 48777 120053 2026-08-26T12:44:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Hidden category}}" 120053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} hkte2duffkjywpxxt3lp18bww66fee6 14 48778 120054 2026-08-26T12:44:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Hidden category}}" 120054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} hkte2duffkjywpxxt3lp18bww66fee6 14 48779 120055 2026-08-26T12:48:22Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Hidden category}}" 120055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} hkte2duffkjywpxxt3lp18bww66fee6 14 48780 120056 2026-08-26T12:48:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Hidden category}}" 120056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} hkte2duffkjywpxxt3lp18bww66fee6 14 48782 120060 2026-08-26T12:56:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120060 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48783 120061 2026-08-26T12:56:47Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120061 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4 48784 120062 2026-08-26T12:57:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale travertine terraces.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] uko maji ghakufunda gha mu [[hot spring|malo gha maji ghakupisa]] ghapanga vipingo vyeupe vya [[travertine]] pachanya pa phiri. Maji agha ghali na [[calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]] ndipo kwa nyengo zinandi ghapanganga vipingo, mathanga na madamu agho ghakulongora nga ni [[chipale]]. Kufupi na ma..." 120062 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale travertine terraces.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] uko maji ghakufunda gha mu [[hot spring|malo gha maji ghakupisa]] ghapanga vipingo vyeupe vya [[travertine]] pachanya pa phiri. Maji agha ghali na [[calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]] ndipo kwa nyengo zinandi ghapanganga vipingo, mathanga na madamu agho ghakulongora nga ni [[chipale]]. Kufupi na malo agha pali [[Hierapolis]], msumba wa kale wa [[Greece|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Roman Empire|Ŵaroma]] uwo sono ni malo ghakuzirwa gha [[archaeology|vinthu vya mdauko]]. Pamukkale na Hierapolis ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa vipingo, maji ghakupisa na mdauko wa malo agha. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska pa 26 Ogasiti]]</noinclude> m4p1inzy8c6ix9d56nxrxx3q2ru720w 120063 120062 2026-08-26T12:58:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120063 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale Travertines.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] uko maji ghakufunda gha mu [[hot spring|malo gha maji ghakupisa]] ghapanga vipingo vyeupe vya [[travertine]] pachanya pa phiri. Maji agha ghali na [[calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]] ndipo kwa nyengo zinandi ghapanganga vipingo, mathanga na madamu agho ghakulongora nga ni [[chipale]]. Kufupi na malo agha pali [[Hierapolis]], msumba wa kale wa [[Greece|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Roman Empire|Ŵaroma]] uwo sono ni malo ghakuzirwa gha [[archaeology|vinthu vya mdauko]]. Pamukkale na Hierapolis ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa vipingo, maji ghakupisa na mdauko wa malo agha. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska pa 26 Ogasiti]]</noinclude> 7htoyr74xdk0jsqjlgy8jnfnmqhqdbr 120068 120063 2026-08-26T13:01:44Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120068 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale Travertines.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] uko maji ghakufunda gha mu [[hot spring|malo gha maji ghakupisa]] ghapanga vipingo vyeupe vya [[travertine]] pachanya pa phiri. Maji agha ghali na [[calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]] ndipo kwa nyengo zinandi ghapanganga vipingo, mathanga na madamu agho ghakulongora nga ni [[chipale]]. Kufupi na malo agha pali [[Hierapolis]], msumba wa kale wa [[Greece|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Roman Empire|Ŵaroma]] uwo sono ni malo ghakuzirwa gha [[archaeology|vinthu vya mdauko]]. Pamukkale na Hierapolis ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa vipingo, maji ghakupisa na mdauko wa malo agha. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rz2lfa6epull0nid97tj45o6hrbxf2z 120175 120068 2026-08-26T14:00:05Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/28]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/28]] without leaving a redirect 120068 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale Travertines.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] uko maji ghakufunda gha mu [[hot spring|malo gha maji ghakupisa]] ghapanga vipingo vyeupe vya [[travertine]] pachanya pa phiri. Maji agha ghali na [[calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]] ndipo kwa nyengo zinandi ghapanganga vipingo, mathanga na madamu agho ghakulongora nga ni [[chipale]]. Kufupi na malo agha pali [[Hierapolis]], msumba wa kale wa [[Greece|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Roman Empire|Ŵaroma]] uwo sono ni malo ghakuzirwa gha [[archaeology|vinthu vya mdauko]]. Pamukkale na Hierapolis ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa vipingo, maji ghakupisa na mdauko wa malo agha. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rz2lfa6epull0nid97tj45o6hrbxf2z 4 48785 120064 2026-08-26T12:59:38Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon from South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon|Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[canyon]] icho chili mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], ndipo chikapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] uwo wakadumulira mu [[rock|miyala]] kwa nyengo zinandi. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mipata na miyala ya mitundu yakupambanapambana, ndipo nyengo na erosion|..." 120064 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon from South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon|Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[canyon]] icho chili mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], ndipo chikapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] uwo wakadumulira mu [[rock|miyala]] kwa nyengo zinandi. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mipata na miyala ya mitundu yakupambanapambana, ndipo nyengo na [[erosion|kudumulika kwa mwala]] vyapangiska vinthu vyakuzizwiska ivyo vikuwoneka mu malo agha. [[Grand Canyon National Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa chinyake cha malo agha ndipo yili yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[landscape|malo ghake]], kwenda pa nthowa za mapiri, kuwona mlonga na kusambira vya [[geology|mdauko wa miyala]] wa charu. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska pa 26 Ogasiti]]</noinclude> ph8pxc86apgsaxufnxym4wz63xo88qj 120069 120064 2026-08-26T13:01:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120069 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon from South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon|Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[canyon]] icho chili mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], ndipo chikapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] uwo wakadumulira mu [[rock|miyala]] kwa nyengo zinandi. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mipata na miyala ya mitundu yakupambanapambana, ndipo nyengo na [[erosion|kudumulika kwa mwala]] vyapangiska vinthu vyakuzizwiska ivyo vikuwoneka mu malo agha. [[Grand Canyon National Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa chinyake cha malo agha ndipo yili yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[landscape|malo ghake]], kwenda pa nthowa za mapiri, kuwona mlonga na kusambira vya [[geology|mdauko wa miyala]] wa charu. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2v5h3ka3d793gbhbc37yemvpbzmy2e6 120101 120069 2026-08-26T13:17:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120101 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:" Avenue of the Baobabs " (Adansonia grandidieri) (9576865450).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Avenue of the Baobabs|Avenue of the Baobabs]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mzere wa [[baobab|makuni gha baobab]] agho ghakukura mumphepete mwa nthowa kufupi na [[Morondava]]. Makuni agha ghali na mitengo yitali na mathunthu ghakuru agho ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera chomene, chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha [[Menabe]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vyapadera vya ku Madagaska. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, kujambula vithuzithuzi na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa ichi. [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Madagaska ndipo yikulongora kutowa kwa malo gha chilengiwa gha chirwa ichi. ([[Avenue of the Baobabs|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6mgamjfbtw5jv1wq6z26d6dci617xrq 120174 120101 2026-08-26T14:00:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/27]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/27]] without leaving a redirect 120101 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:" Avenue of the Baobabs " (Adansonia grandidieri) (9576865450).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Avenue of the Baobabs|Avenue of the Baobabs]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mzere wa [[baobab|makuni gha baobab]] agho ghakukura mumphepete mwa nthowa kufupi na [[Morondava]]. Makuni agha ghali na mitengo yitali na mathunthu ghakuru agho ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera chomene, chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha [[Menabe]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vyapadera vya ku Madagaska. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, kujambula vithuzithuzi na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa ichi. [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Madagaska ndipo yikulongora kutowa kwa malo gha chilengiwa gha chirwa ichi. ([[Avenue of the Baobabs|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6mgamjfbtw5jv1wq6z26d6dci617xrq 4 48786 120065 2026-08-26T13:00:16Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moken people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moken people|ŴaMoken]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵakukhala chomene pa [[Andaman Sea|Nyanja ya Andaman]] kufupi na [[Myanmar]] na [[Thailand]]. ŴaMoken ŵali na umoyo wakukolerana chomene na [[nyanja]] na [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ŵakukhala kwizila mu [[kukola somba]], kusanga [[vyakurya vya mu nyanja]], kusambira na kwenda pa maji. Ŵali na [[umanyi wa chilengiwa]] wakuzama wa [[nyanja]],..." 120065 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moken people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moken people|ŴaMoken]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵakukhala chomene pa [[Andaman Sea|Nyanja ya Andaman]] kufupi na [[Myanmar]] na [[Thailand]]. ŴaMoken ŵali na umoyo wakukolerana chomene na [[nyanja]] na [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ŵakukhala kwizila mu [[kukola somba]], kusanga [[vyakurya vya mu nyanja]], kusambira na kwenda pa maji. Ŵali na [[umanyi wa chilengiwa]] wakuzama wa [[nyanja]], [[vinyama vya mu nyanja]], [[visumbu]] na nyengo, uwo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakusankha malo ghakukhalapo na kusanga vyakurya. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵali na [[chiyowoyero]] na [[mitheto]] yawo, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu maboti panji vijiji vya mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mazuŵa ghano umoyo wawo ukusintha chifukwa cha [[malire gha charu]], ulendo wa ŵalendo na kusintha kwa malo gha nyanja. ([[Moken people|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska pa 26 Ogasiti]]</noinclude> 942qn094qg7rg2oa5xyld0zsd5gax6r 120066 120065 2026-08-26T13:01:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120066 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moken people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moken people|ŴaMoken]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵakukhala chomene pa [[Andaman Sea|Nyanja ya Andaman]] kufupi na [[Myanmar]] na [[Thailand]]. ŴaMoken ŵali na umoyo wakukolerana chomene na [[nyanja]] na [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ŵakukhala kwizila mu [[kukola somba]], kusanga [[vyakurya vya mu nyanja]], kusambira na kwenda pa maji. Ŵali na [[umanyi wa chilengiwa]] wakuzama wa [[nyanja]], [[vinyama vya mu nyanja]], [[visumbu]] na nyengo, uwo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakusankha malo ghakukhalapo na kusanga vyakurya. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵali na [[chiyowoyero]] na [[mitheto]] yawo, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu maboti panji vijiji vya mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mazuŵa ghano umoyo wawo ukusintha chifukwa cha [[malire gha charu]], ulendo wa ŵalendo na kusintha kwa malo gha nyanja. ([[Moken people|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> p5lxuyzqhq2n7f5fx4sgnak0rfb7873 120067 120066 2026-08-26T13:01:26Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120067 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moken people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moken people|ŴaMoken]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵakukhala chomene pa [[Andaman Sea|Nyanja ya Andaman]] kufupi na [[Myanmar]] na [[Thailand]]. ŴaMoken ŵali na umoyo wakukolerana chomene na [[nyanja]] na [[chilengiwa]], ndipo ŵakukhala kwizila mu [[kukola somba]], kusanga [[vyakurya vya mu nyanja]], kusambira na kwenda pa maji. Ŵali na [[umanyi wa chilengiwa]] wakuzama wa [[nyanja]], [[vinyama vya mu nyanja]], [[visumbu]] na nyengo, uwo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakusankha malo ghakukhalapo na kusanga vyakurya. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵali na [[chiyowoyero]] na [[mitheto]] yawo, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu maboti panji vijiji vya mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mazuŵa ghano umoyo wawo ukusintha chifukwa cha [[malire gha charu]], ulendo wa ŵalendo na kusintha kwa malo gha nyanja. ([[Moken people|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> l20ikq0ycwg2mfxlhhoels5k6rwfwe2 120072 120067 2026-08-26T13:03:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120072 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hạ Long Bay|Ha Long Bay]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[Vietnam]] agho ghali mu [[Gulf of Tonkin|Gulf of Tonkin]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha visumbu na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yikufuma mu maji gha nyanja. Malo agha ghali na mazana ghanandi gha visumbu ivyo vili na [[mphanga]], mapiri na vinthu vinyake vyakupangika na [[erosion|kudumulika kwa mwala]] kwa nyengo zinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha pa maboti kuti ŵawone [[chilengiwa]], visumbu, mphanga na malo ghakutowa gha mumphepete mwa nyanja. [[Ha Long Bay]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa chake, ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Asia]]. ([[Hạ Long Bay|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 67nrzhblxm3amg56l1wxair5uyvcloy 120176 120072 2026-08-26T14:00:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/29]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiskaghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/29]] without leaving a redirect 120072 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hạ Long Bay|Ha Long Bay]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[Vietnam]] agho ghali mu [[Gulf of Tonkin|Gulf of Tonkin]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha visumbu na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yikufuma mu maji gha nyanja. Malo agha ghali na mazana ghanandi gha visumbu ivyo vili na [[mphanga]], mapiri na vinthu vinyake vyakupangika na [[erosion|kudumulika kwa mwala]] kwa nyengo zinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha pa maboti kuti ŵawone [[chilengiwa]], visumbu, mphanga na malo ghakutowa gha mumphepete mwa nyanja. [[Ha Long Bay]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa chake, ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Asia]]. ([[Hạ Long Bay|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 67nrzhblxm3amg56l1wxair5uyvcloy 4 48787 120070 2026-08-26T13:02:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]]. Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo..." 120070 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]]. Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. [[Sossusvlei]] ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]]. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5314h0vykp9rc2tbk19pv7td4ieio9e 120177 120070 2026-08-26T14:00:16Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/30]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswaOgasiti/30]] without leaving a redirect 120070 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]]. Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. [[Sossusvlei]] ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]]. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5314h0vykp9rc2tbk19pv7td4ieio9e 120179 120177 2026-08-26T14:01:07Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswaOgasiti/30]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/30]] without leaving a redirect 120070 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]]. Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. [[Sossusvlei]] ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]]. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5314h0vykp9rc2tbk19pv7td4ieio9e 4 48788 120071 2026-08-26T13:02:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MilfordSound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[New Zealand|New Zealand]] agho ghali mu [[South Island|Chirwa cha Kumwera]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[fjord|malo gha nyanja agho ghakunjira pakati pa mapiri]] ghakutowa chomene. Malo agha ghali na [[Mitre Peak]], phiri litali ilo likuwoneka pachanya pa maji, kweniso [[waterfall|mapopoma]] ghanandi agho ghakugwa kuf..." 120071 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MilfordSound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[New Zealand|New Zealand]] agho ghali mu [[South Island|Chirwa cha Kumwera]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[fjord|malo gha nyanja agho ghakunjira pakati pa mapiri]] ghakutowa chomene. Malo agha ghali na [[Mitre Peak]], phiri litali ilo likuwoneka pachanya pa maji, kweniso [[waterfall|mapopoma]] ghanandi agho ghakugwa kufuma mu mapiri para vula yagwa. [[Fiordland National Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa ichi ndipo ni chigaŵa cha [[Te Wahipounamu]] icho chili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti panji kuyenda mu nthowa za mapiri kuti ŵawone [[mapiri]], maji, mapopoma na [[chilengiwa]] cha malo agha. ([[Milford Sound|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lnb03khjkmry72kxtzd9zxbm1k7znri 120178 120071 2026-08-26T14:00:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/31]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/31]] without leaving a redirect 120071 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MilfordSound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[New Zealand|New Zealand]] agho ghali mu [[South Island|Chirwa cha Kumwera]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[fjord|malo gha nyanja agho ghakunjira pakati pa mapiri]] ghakutowa chomene. Malo agha ghali na [[Mitre Peak]], phiri litali ilo likuwoneka pachanya pa maji, kweniso [[waterfall|mapopoma]] ghanandi agho ghakugwa kufuma mu mapiri para vula yagwa. [[Fiordland National Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa ichi ndipo ni chigaŵa cha [[Te Wahipounamu]] icho chili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti panji kuyenda mu nthowa za mapiri kuti ŵawone [[mapiri]], maji, mapopoma na [[chilengiwa]] cha malo agha. ([[Milford Sound|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lnb03khjkmry72kxtzd9zxbm1k7znri 4 48789 120073 2026-08-26T13:03:48Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angel falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angel Falls|Mapopoma gha Angel]]''' ni mapopoma ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Venezuela]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa kuti ni mapopoma ghataliko chomene gha maji ghakugwa kwambura kuyima pa charu. Ghali pa [[Auyán-tepui]], phiri likuru la [[tepui]] mu [[Guiana Highlands|mapiri gha Guiana]], ndipo maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa phiri kuluta mu [[Canyon|mtuntho]] wa pasi. Maji agho ghakugwa kufu..." 120073 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angel falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angel Falls|Mapopoma gha Angel]]''' ni mapopoma ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Venezuela]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa kuti ni mapopoma ghataliko chomene gha maji ghakugwa kwambura kuyima pa charu. Ghali pa [[Auyán-tepui]], phiri likuru la [[tepui]] mu [[Guiana Highlands|mapiri gha Guiana]], ndipo maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa phiri kuluta mu [[Canyon|mtuntho]] wa pasi. Maji agho ghakugwa kufuma kuchanya ghakupanga nkhungu yakupepuka apo ghakukhwaska mphepo, chomene para maji nganandi. Malo agha ghali mu [[Canaima National Park]], malo ghakuru gha [[chilengiwa]] agho ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma, mapiri na [[thengele]] ilo likazingilizga malo agha. ([[Angel Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gvrijzc34yrz6b6z8gcza0ch7ex3u8h 120202 120073 2026-08-26T14:09:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/1]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/1]] without leaving a redirect 120073 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angel falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angel Falls|Mapopoma gha Angel]]''' ni mapopoma ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Venezuela]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa kuti ni mapopoma ghataliko chomene gha maji ghakugwa kwambura kuyima pa charu. Ghali pa [[Auyán-tepui]], phiri likuru la [[tepui]] mu [[Guiana Highlands|mapiri gha Guiana]], ndipo maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa phiri kuluta mu [[Canyon|mtuntho]] wa pasi. Maji agho ghakugwa kufuma kuchanya ghakupanga nkhungu yakupepuka apo ghakukhwaska mphepo, chomene para maji nganandi. Malo agha ghali mu [[Canaima National Park]], malo ghakuru gha [[chilengiwa]] agho ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma, mapiri na [[thengele]] ilo likazingilizga malo agha. ([[Angel Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gvrijzc34yrz6b6z8gcza0ch7ex3u8h 4 48790 120074 2026-08-26T13:06:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Ogasiti | title = Malo ghakuzizwiska — Ogasiti | state = collapsed | list1 = [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/7|7]] · Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/8|8..." 120074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Ogasiti | title = Malo ghakuzizwiska — Ogasiti | state = collapsed | list1 = [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/31|31]] }} itvllwq9oq8kvpytiwx6uq5y4z9cng2 120107 120074 2026-08-26T13:19:22Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Malo ghakuzizwiska | title = Malo ghakuzizwiska — Myezi | state = collapsed | list1 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/30|30]] | list2 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala|Okutobala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Okutobala/31|31]] | list3 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala|Novembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Novembala/30|30]] | list4 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala|Disembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Disembala/31|31]] }} 4m2bwuk9clvxg4krl2pllo2618ij6wi 120139 120107 2026-08-26T13:40:08Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Malo ghakuziziswa | title = Malo ghakuziziswa | state = collapsed | list1 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/30|30]] | list2 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala|Okutobala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/31|31]] | list3 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala|Novembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/30|30]] | list4 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala|Disembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/31|31]] }} lfnfaas05flr4wnnnl57r6rw582pq3k 120172 120139 2026-08-26T13:58:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Ogasiti | title = Malo ghakuzizwiska — Ogasiti | state = collapsed | list1 = [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/31|31]] }} itvllwq9oq8kvpytiwx6uq5y4z9cng2 120207 120172 2026-08-26T18:47:32Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Malo ghakuziziswa | title = Malo ghakuziziswa | state = collapsed | list1 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/30|30]] | list2 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala|Okutobala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/31|31]] | list3 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala|Novembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/30|30]] | list4 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala|Disembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/31|31]] }} lfnfaas05flr4wnnnl57r6rw582pq3k 120208 120207 2026-08-26T18:48:32Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Malo ghakuziziswa | title = Malo ghakuziziswa | state = collapsed | list1 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/30|30]] | list2 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala|Okutobala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Okutobala/31|31]] | list3 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala|Novembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Novembala/30|30]] | list4 = '''[[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala|Disembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Disembala/31|31]] }} {{Navbox | name = Malo ghakuziziswa Ogasiti | title = [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti|Ogasiti]] | state = collapsed | list1 = [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/31|31]] }} 0yqjh8ajh44365h32sml65l4z4dwn36 4 48791 120075 2026-08-26T13:07:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torres del Paine National Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri ghakulu, mathanga gha maji, [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]], milonga na malo ghakuru gha [[chilengiwa]]. Chinthu chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Torres del Paine]], mizati yitatu ya mwala iyo yikukwera pacha..." 120075 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torres del Paine National Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri ghakulu, mathanga gha maji, [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]], milonga na malo ghakuru gha [[chilengiwa]]. Chinthu chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Torres del Paine]], mizati yitatu ya mwala iyo yikukwera pachanya pa malo agha. [[National park|Malo ghakuvikililika]] agha ghali na [[vinyama]] nga ni [[guanaco]], [[puma]] na [[Andean condor]], kweniso vyakumera vyakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, kwenda pa [[hiking|nthowa za mapiri]], kuwona miziŵa na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. Torres del Paine ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Torres del Paine National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> eir9kq15t1apk2u88zoq0wr91hfm5og 120187 120075 2026-08-26T14:05:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/25]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/25]] 120075 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torres del Paine National Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri ghakulu, mathanga gha maji, [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]], milonga na malo ghakuru gha [[chilengiwa]]. Chinthu chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Torres del Paine]], mizati yitatu ya mwala iyo yikukwera pachanya pa malo agha. [[National park|Malo ghakuvikililika]] agha ghali na [[vinyama]] nga ni [[guanaco]], [[puma]] na [[Andean condor]], kweniso vyakumera vyakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, kwenda pa [[hiking|nthowa za mapiri]], kuwona miziŵa na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. Torres del Paine ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Torres del Paine National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> eir9kq15t1apk2u88zoq0wr91hfm5og 4 48792 120076 2026-08-26T13:07:31Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] agho ghali mu [[Coral Sea|Nyanja ya Korali]] kufupi na mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. Ni chigaŵa chikuru chomene cha matanthwe gha korali pa charu ndipo chili na mazana ghanandi gha [[island|visumbu]] na matanthwe agho ghakupanga malo ghakuzizwiska pasi pa maji...." 120076 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] agho ghali mu [[Coral Sea|Nyanja ya Korali]] kufupi na mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. Ni chigaŵa chikuru chomene cha matanthwe gha korali pa charu ndipo chili na mazana ghanandi gha [[island|visumbu]] na matanthwe agho ghakupanga malo ghakuzizwiska pasi pa maji. Malo agha ghali na [[vinyama vya mu nyanja]] vinandi, kusazgapo [[sea turtle|vimbwa vya mu nyanja]], [[shark|nsomba zikuru]], [[dolphin|ma dolphin]] na mitundu yinandi ya [[fish|nsomba]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha mwa kusambira pasi pa maji na [[snorkeling|kuwona vinyama vya mu nyanja]]. [[Great Barrier Reef Marine Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa ichi, icho ni chiharo chakuzirwa cha [[chilengiwa]]. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> h4zed5bwgjuy56izev1m3dykiuecp19 120186 120076 2026-08-26T14:05:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/24]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/24]] without leaving a redirect 120076 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] agho ghali mu [[Coral Sea|Nyanja ya Korali]] kufupi na mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. Ni chigaŵa chikuru chomene cha matanthwe gha korali pa charu ndipo chili na mazana ghanandi gha [[island|visumbu]] na matanthwe agho ghakupanga malo ghakuzizwiska pasi pa maji. Malo agha ghali na [[vinyama vya mu nyanja]] vinandi, kusazgapo [[sea turtle|vimbwa vya mu nyanja]], [[shark|nsomba zikuru]], [[dolphin|ma dolphin]] na mitundu yinandi ya [[fish|nsomba]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha mwa kusambira pasi pa maji na [[snorkeling|kuwona vinyama vya mu nyanja]]. [[Great Barrier Reef Marine Park]] yikuvikilira chigaŵa ichi, icho ni chiharo chakuzirwa cha [[chilengiwa]]. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> h4zed5bwgjuy56izev1m3dykiuecp19 4 48793 120077 2026-08-26T13:07:49Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima|Phiri la Roraima]]''' ni phiri lakuzizwiska la [[tepui]] ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Phiri ili lili na pachanya pakufipa chomene nga ni tebulo, ndipo mapiri ghake ghakuzingilizgika na [[mwala]] wakwenda pachanya. Malo agha ghali na [[mapopoma]], milonga, mphanga na vyakumera vinyake ivyo vikukura mu malo agha pera. [[Roraima]] yikulong..." 120077 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima|Phiri la Roraima]]''' ni phiri lakuzizwiska la [[tepui]] ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Phiri ili lili na pachanya pakufipa chomene nga ni tebulo, ndipo mapiri ghake ghakuzingilizgika na [[mwala]] wakwenda pachanya. Malo agha ghali na [[mapopoma]], milonga, mphanga na vyakumera vinyake ivyo vikukura mu malo agha pera. [[Roraima]] yikulongozga chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Highlands|Mapiri gha Guiana]], icho chili na malo ghakuzirwa gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza ku malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri na nthowa zakukwera ku pachanya pa tepui. Phiri ili likawovwira kusambizga nkhani ya [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] yakuti [[The Lost World]], iyo yikulongosora malo gha mapiri ghakupambanapambana. ([[Mount Roraima|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q6inorpnyy4fyh3k19gmptaqf4b28p7 120185 120077 2026-08-26T14:04:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/23]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/23]] without leaving a redirect 120077 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima|Phiri la Roraima]]''' ni phiri lakuzizwiska la [[tepui]] ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Phiri ili lili na pachanya pakufipa chomene nga ni tebulo, ndipo mapiri ghake ghakuzingilizgika na [[mwala]] wakwenda pachanya. Malo agha ghali na [[mapopoma]], milonga, mphanga na vyakumera vinyake ivyo vikukura mu malo agha pera. [[Roraima]] yikulongozga chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Highlands|Mapiri gha Guiana]], icho chili na malo ghakuzirwa gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza ku malo agha chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri na nthowa zakukwera ku pachanya pa tepui. Phiri ili likawovwira kusambizga nkhani ya [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] yakuti [[The Lost World]], iyo yikulongosora malo gha mapiri ghakupambanapambana. ([[Mount Roraima|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q6inorpnyy4fyh3k19gmptaqf4b28p7 4 48794 120078 2026-08-26T13:08:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru ya maji ghakunowa mu [[Russia]], ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuzama kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na vinyama vyake vyakupambanapambana. Baikal ni [[lake|nyanja]] yakuya chomene pa charu ndipo yili na maji ghanandi chomene ghakunowa agho ghali mu nyanja yimoza. Malo agha ghali na mitundu ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika ku Baikal pera, kus..." 120078 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru ya maji ghakunowa mu [[Russia]], ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuzama kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na vinyama vyake vyakupambanapambana. Baikal ni [[lake|nyanja]] yakuya chomene pa charu ndipo yili na maji ghanandi chomene ghakunowa agho ghali mu nyanja yimoza. Malo agha ghali na mitundu ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika ku Baikal pera, kusazgapo [[Baikal seal|Baikal seal]]. Mu nyengo ya [[winter|nyengo ya kuzizima]], maji ghakuzizima na kupanga chipale chikulu icho chingawoneka nga ni gilasi. Mumphepete mwa nyanja pali [[mapiri]], [[thengele]] na vijiji ivyo vikupanga malo ghakutowa chomene. Baikal ni malo ghakuzirwa pa [[chilengiwa]] ndipo ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|chiharo cha charu]]. ([[Lake Baikal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nx4vl4z2plup9ie0xxo3yva8zkoc9uz 120184 120078 2026-08-26T14:04:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/22]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/22]] without leaving a redirect 120078 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru ya maji ghakunowa mu [[Russia]], ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuzama kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na vinyama vyake vyakupambanapambana. Baikal ni [[lake|nyanja]] yakuya chomene pa charu ndipo yili na maji ghanandi chomene ghakunowa agho ghali mu nyanja yimoza. Malo agha ghali na mitundu ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika ku Baikal pera, kusazgapo [[Baikal seal|Baikal seal]]. Mu nyengo ya [[winter|nyengo ya kuzizima]], maji ghakuzizima na kupanga chipale chikulu icho chingawoneka nga ni gilasi. Mumphepete mwa nyanja pali [[mapiri]], [[thengele]] na vijiji ivyo vikupanga malo ghakutowa chomene. Baikal ni malo ghakuzirwa pa [[chilengiwa]] ndipo ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|chiharo cha charu]]. ([[Lake Baikal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nx4vl4z2plup9ie0xxo3yva8zkoc9uz 4 48795 120079 2026-08-26T13:08:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moraine Lake|Nyanja Moraine]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], iyo yili mu [[Banff National Park]] pakati pa [[Canadian Rockies|Mapiri gha Rocky]]. Maji ghake ghali na mtundu wa buluu wakung’ala chifukwa cha tinthu twa miyala uto tukwiza mu maji kufuma ku [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. Nyanja iyi yikazingilizgika na mapiri ghakulu, miziŵa n..." 120079 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moraine Lake|Nyanja Moraine]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], iyo yili mu [[Banff National Park]] pakati pa [[Canadian Rockies|Mapiri gha Rocky]]. Maji ghake ghali na mtundu wa buluu wakung’ala chifukwa cha tinthu twa miyala uto tukwiza mu maji kufuma ku [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. Nyanja iyi yikazingilizgika na mapiri ghakulu, miziŵa na [[thengele]], ndipo malo agha ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chakutowa chomene. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda pa nthowa za mapiri, kukwera maboti na kujambula malo agha. [[Moraine Lake]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Canada]] ndipo yikulongora umo mapiri, maji na miziŵa vikusanganirana kupanga malo ghakuzizwiska. ([[Moraine Lake|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9n2cdtjvaltcev2e3zd921delz7dohp 120183 120079 2026-08-26T14:04:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/21]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/21]] without leaving a redirect 120079 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moraine Lake|Nyanja Moraine]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], iyo yili mu [[Banff National Park]] pakati pa [[Canadian Rockies|Mapiri gha Rocky]]. Maji ghake ghali na mtundu wa buluu wakung’ala chifukwa cha tinthu twa miyala uto tukwiza mu maji kufuma ku [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. Nyanja iyi yikazingilizgika na mapiri ghakulu, miziŵa na [[thengele]], ndipo malo agha ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chakutowa chomene. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda pa nthowa za mapiri, kukwera maboti na kujambula malo agha. [[Moraine Lake]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Canada]] ndipo yikulongora umo mapiri, maji na miziŵa vikusanganirana kupanga malo ghakuzizwiska. ([[Moraine Lake|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9n2cdtjvaltcev2e3zd921delz7dohp 4 48796 120080 2026-08-26T13:08:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Fuji from Lake Kawaguchi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri litali na lakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Japan]], ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa pa [[chikhalidwe]] na [[chilengiwa]] cha charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] agho ghakupangiska kuti liwoneke makora kufuma kutali. [[Mount Fuji]] yikazingilizgika na [[nyanja]], [[thengele]] na mapiri ghany..." 120080 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Fuji from Lake Kawaguchi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri litali na lakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Japan]], ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa pa [[chikhalidwe]] na [[chilengiwa]] cha charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] agho ghakupangiska kuti liwoneke makora kufuma kutali. [[Mount Fuji]] yikazingilizgika na [[nyanja]], [[thengele]] na mapiri ghanyake, ndipo malo agha ghakuwoneka makora chomene para phiri lili na [[chipale]] pachanya. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwonera phiri, kukwera ku pachanya kwake na kujambula malo agho ghali pafupi. Fuji yili na malo ghakuzirwa mu [[Japanese art|maluso gha ku Japan]], [[chipulikano]] na mdauko, ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] nga ni malo gha chikhalidwe. ([[Mount Fuji|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> a76bwxj36ywub23vglzzb65ydoj3wgt 120182 120080 2026-08-26T14:04:08Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/20]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/20]] without leaving a redirect 120080 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Fuji from Lake Kawaguchi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri litali na lakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Japan]], ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa pa [[chikhalidwe]] na [[chilengiwa]] cha charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] agho ghakupangiska kuti liwoneke makora kufuma kutali. [[Mount Fuji]] yikazingilizgika na [[nyanja]], [[thengele]] na mapiri ghanyake, ndipo malo agha ghakuwoneka makora chomene para phiri lili na [[chipale]] pachanya. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwonera phiri, kukwera ku pachanya kwake na kujambula malo agho ghali pafupi. Fuji yili na malo ghakuzirwa mu [[Japanese art|maluso gha ku Japan]], [[chipulikano]] na mdauko, ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] nga ni malo gha chikhalidwe. ([[Mount Fuji|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> a76bwxj36ywub23vglzzb65ydoj3wgt 4 48797 120081 2026-08-26T13:08:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice Lakes National Park Croatia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni gulu la nyanja na mathanga gha maji mu [[Croatia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghakutowa, [[mapopoma]] na [[thengele]]. Malo agha ghali na nyanja zinandi izo zikupangika mu vigaŵa chifukwa cha vinthu vya [[travertine]] ivyo vikukhazikika mu maji kwa nyengo zinandi. Maji ghake ghali na mitundu yakup..." 120081 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice Lakes National Park Croatia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni gulu la nyanja na mathanga gha maji mu [[Croatia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghakutowa, [[mapopoma]] na [[thengele]]. Malo agha ghali na nyanja zinandi izo zikupangika mu vigaŵa chifukwa cha vinthu vya [[travertine]] ivyo vikukhazikika mu maji kwa nyengo zinandi. Maji ghake ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya buluu na green ndipo ghakusintha kutengera kuwala, kuya na vinthu ivyo vili mu maji. [[Plitvice Lakes National Park]] ni malo ghakuvikililika ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda pa nthowa za matabwa, kuwona mapopoma na kuyenda pakati pa [[chilengiwa]] cha malo agha. ([[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> awkdvc7tunj40hk3l4hgs2wfdkbr32n 120088 120081 2026-08-26T13:12:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120088 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1838 Iguazu Falls from the Brazilian side.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Maporomoko gha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la [[mapopoma]] ghakuru agho ghali pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]] mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Maji ghakugwa mu [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] ndipo ghapangiska mapopoma ghanandi agho ghakupanga malo ghakuzizwiska chomene. Chigaŵa chakuzingilizga mapopoma agha chili na [[thengele]] na [[vinyama]] vinandi, ndipo malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]]. [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]] ni chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene apo maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma, kwenda mu thengele na kuyenda pa maboti pafupi na maji. [[Iguazu Falls]] ni yimoza mwa [[New7Wonders of Nature|vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa]] vyakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> svhv9bygq6jmurmnryesgwlasphv9vx 120181 120088 2026-08-26T14:03:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/19]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/19]] without leaving a redirect 120088 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1838 Iguazu Falls from the Brazilian side.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Maporomoko gha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la [[mapopoma]] ghakuru agho ghali pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]] mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Maji ghakugwa mu [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] ndipo ghapangiska mapopoma ghanandi agho ghakupanga malo ghakuzizwiska chomene. Chigaŵa chakuzingilizga mapopoma agha chili na [[thengele]] na [[vinyama]] vinandi, ndipo malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]]. [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]] ni chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene apo maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma, kwenda mu thengele na kuyenda pa maboti pafupi na maji. [[Iguazu Falls]] ni yimoza mwa [[New7Wonders of Nature|vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa]] vyakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> svhv9bygq6jmurmnryesgwlasphv9vx 4 48798 120082 2026-08-26T13:08:55Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya miyala, mapiri gha mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana, [[mphanga]] na nyumba zakudumulika mu mwala. Vinthu ivi vikapangika kwa nyengo zinandi chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|phulusa la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala na kudumulika na [[mphepo]] na maji. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli malo nga..." 120082 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya miyala, mapiri gha mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana, [[mphanga]] na nyumba zakudumulika mu mwala. Vinthu ivi vikapangika kwa nyengo zinandi chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|phulusa la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala na kudumulika na [[mphepo]] na maji. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli malo nga ni [[Göreme]], uko muli matchalitchi na nyumba zakale zakudumulika mu miyala. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha, kwenda mu mphanga, kuwona mapiri na kwendera mu [[hot air balloon|maballoŵa gha mphepo]]. [[Göreme National Park]] na Cappadocia zili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwa malo agha na mdauko wake. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> co4z8r7qaslynko52m0jaw2hdky52vy 120180 120082 2026-08-26T14:03:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/18]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/18]] without leaving a redirect 120082 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya miyala, mapiri gha mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana, [[mphanga]] na nyumba zakudumulika mu mwala. Vinthu ivi vikapangika kwa nyengo zinandi chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|phulusa la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala na kudumulika na [[mphepo]] na maji. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli malo nga ni [[Göreme]], uko muli matchalitchi na nyumba zakale zakudumulika mu miyala. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha, kwenda mu mphanga, kuwona mapiri na kwendera mu [[hot air balloon|maballoŵa gha mphepo]]. [[Göreme National Park]] na Cappadocia zili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwa malo agha na mdauko wake. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> co4z8r7qaslynko52m0jaw2hdky52vy 4 48799 120083 2026-08-26T13:09:08Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bora Bora lagoon.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Bora Bora]]''' ni chirwa chakutowa chomene mu [[French Polynesia]] mu [[Pacific Ocean|Nyanja ya Pacific]], icho chikuzingilizgika na [[lagoon|nyanja ya mkati]] ya maji ghakutowa na [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]]. Pakatikati pa chirwa pali mapiri ghakulu agho ghakufuma pachanya pa thengele na maji, ndipo [[Mount Otemanu]] ni malo ghakumanyikwa chomene pa chirwa ichi. Maji ghak..." 120083 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bora Bora lagoon.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Bora Bora]]''' ni chirwa chakutowa chomene mu [[French Polynesia]] mu [[Pacific Ocean|Nyanja ya Pacific]], icho chikuzingilizgika na [[lagoon|nyanja ya mkati]] ya maji ghakutowa na [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]]. Pakatikati pa chirwa pali mapiri ghakulu agho ghakufuma pachanya pa thengele na maji, ndipo [[Mount Otemanu]] ni malo ghakumanyikwa chomene pa chirwa ichi. Maji ghake ghakuwoneka mu mitundu yakupambanapambana ya buluu chifukwa cha kuya kwakupambanapambana na matanthwe gha korali. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Bora Bora kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kusambira, [[snorkeling|kuwona vinyama vya mu nyanja]], kwenda pa maboti na kupumura pa [[beach|mumphepete mwa nyanja]]. Bora Bora yikumanyikwa pa charu chose nga ni yimoza mwa visumbu vyakutowa chomene. ([[Bora Bora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> a6gflysz3bdzw8kdywmppyf8ywn1ksx 120090 120083 2026-08-26T13:13:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120090 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Greece|Greece]] agho ghali na mizati yikuru ya [[sandstone|mwala wa sandstone]] iyo yikukwera kuchanya, ndipo pachanya pa miyala iyi pali [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]] ghakale. Ŵanthu ŵa chipulikano ŵakamba kuzenga nyumba zakusoperamo mu malo agha chifukwa cha kuŵa kutali na ŵanthu na kuvikilirika. [[Monastery of the Great Meteoron]] na nyumba zinyake zikupanga chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene cha Meteora. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mphanga na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona miyala, matchalitchi na malo agho ghakuwoneka nga ghali pachanya pa mlengalenga. [[Meteora]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwa chilengedwe na chikhalidwe chake. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> fqmom2ps7qv654xx8qdstf6jdlba1w2 120204 120090 2026-08-26T14:10:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/16]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/16]] without leaving a redirect 120090 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Greece|Greece]] agho ghali na mizati yikuru ya [[sandstone|mwala wa sandstone]] iyo yikukwera kuchanya, ndipo pachanya pa miyala iyi pali [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]] ghakale. Ŵanthu ŵa chipulikano ŵakamba kuzenga nyumba zakusoperamo mu malo agha chifukwa cha kuŵa kutali na ŵanthu na kuvikilirika. [[Monastery of the Great Meteoron]] na nyumba zinyake zikupanga chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene cha Meteora. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mphanga na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona miyala, matchalitchi na malo agho ghakuwoneka nga ghali pachanya pa mlengalenga. [[Meteora]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwa chilengedwe na chikhalidwe chake. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> fqmom2ps7qv654xx8qdstf6jdlba1w2 4 48800 120084 2026-08-26T13:09:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yakuzizwiska ya [[slot canyon]] mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala wa [[sandstone]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupindika na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Malo agha ghakapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[flash flood|maji gha vula ghankhongono]] agho ghakadumulira mu mwala kwa nyengo zinandi...." 120084 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yakuzizwiska ya [[slot canyon]] mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala wa [[sandstone]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupindika na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Malo agha ghakapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[flash flood|maji gha vula ghankhongono]] agho ghakadumulira mu mwala kwa nyengo zinandi. Para [[zuŵa]] likunjira mu mphanga, ungweru ukuŵika mitundu yakupambanapambana pa makhoma gha mwala na kupanga vithuzithuzi vyakuzizwiska. Antelope Canyon yili pa malo gha [[Navajo Nation]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakwenera kulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi ŵa Navajo pakunjira mu mphanga. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene pa [[photography|kujambula vikozgo]] chifukwa cha mawonekedwe gha mwala na ungweru wake. ([[Antelope Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 15xujzahks34llmept3tuhb77xcyexn 120203 120084 2026-08-26T14:09:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/15]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/15]] without leaving a redirect 120084 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yakuzizwiska ya [[slot canyon]] mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala wa [[sandstone]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupindika na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Malo agha ghakapangika chomene chifukwa cha [[flash flood|maji gha vula ghankhongono]] agho ghakadumulira mu mwala kwa nyengo zinandi. Para [[zuŵa]] likunjira mu mphanga, ungweru ukuŵika mitundu yakupambanapambana pa makhoma gha mwala na kupanga vithuzithuzi vyakuzizwiska. Antelope Canyon yili pa malo gha [[Navajo Nation]] ndipo ŵalendo ŵakwenera kulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi ŵa Navajo pakunjira mu mphanga. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene pa [[photography|kujambula vikozgo]] chifukwa cha mawonekedwe gha mwala na ungweru wake. ([[Antelope Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 15xujzahks34llmept3tuhb77xcyexn 4 48801 120085 2026-08-26T13:09:22Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Zhangye Danxia Landform Geological Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangye Danxia National Geopark|Zhangye Danxia]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Gansu]], [[China]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri gha [[Danxia landform|Danxia]] agho ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya mwala. Mipata na mapiri agha ghali na mizere ya [[red|buku]], yellow, orange na mitundu yinyake iyo yikapangika chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu mwala na..." 120085 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Zhangye Danxia Landform Geological Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangye Danxia National Geopark|Zhangye Danxia]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Gansu]], [[China]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri gha [[Danxia landform|Danxia]] agho ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya mwala. Mipata na mapiri agha ghali na mizere ya [[red|buku]], yellow, orange na mitundu yinyake iyo yikapangika chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu mwala na kusintha kwa malo kwa nyengo zinandi. [[Erosion|Kudumulika kwa mwala]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe gha mapiri agho ghakuwoneka nga ni mabingu gha mitundu pa malo ghakuru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha kufuma pa malo ghakuwonerako na kujambula [[chilengiwa]]. [[Zhangye Danxia National Geopark]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu China chifukwa cha mawonekedwe gha mapiri agha, agho ghakulongora nkhongono ya [[chilengiwa]] pakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. ([[Zhangye Danxia National Geopark|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3bd3soug7u6lzzh99w331g1he55mu48 120091 120085 2026-08-26T13:13:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120091 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:VicFalls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Mapopoma gha Victoria]]''' ni mapopoma ghakuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa mu chigaŵa chitali cha mwala na kupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakughatema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung’anamura “Musi uyo ukubuka.” Mapopoma agha ghali pafupi na [[Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park]] na [[Victoria Falls National Park]], uko kuli [[vinyama]] na [[thengele]] vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona maji, [[rainbow|mabingo]], mlonga na mapiri gha malo agha. [[Victoria Falls]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa mapopoma ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. Maji ghake ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chakuzizwiska chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma kutali. ([[Victoria Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 998qhbs7rasfj6n96nv2jrjqal60e0y 120193 120091 2026-08-26T14:06:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/14]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/14]] without leaving a redirect 120091 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:VicFalls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Mapopoma gha Victoria]]''' ni mapopoma ghakuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa mu chigaŵa chitali cha mwala na kupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakughatema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung’anamura “Musi uyo ukubuka.” Mapopoma agha ghali pafupi na [[Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park]] na [[Victoria Falls National Park]], uko kuli [[vinyama]] na [[thengele]] vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona maji, [[rainbow|mabingo]], mlonga na mapiri gha malo agha. [[Victoria Falls]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa mapopoma ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. Maji ghake ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chakuzizwiska chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma kutali. ([[Victoria Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 998qhbs7rasfj6n96nv2jrjqal60e0y 4 48802 120086 2026-08-26T13:09:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Socotra dragon blood tree.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa chikuru mu [[Yemen]] mu [[Indian Ocean|Nyanja ya Indian]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]], agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana nga ni mwavulelo, kweniso mitundu yinandi ya [[plants|vyakumera]] iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera. Malo agha..." 120086 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Socotra dragon blood tree.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa chikuru mu [[Yemen]] mu [[Indian Ocean|Nyanja ya Indian]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]], agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana nga ni mwavulelo, kweniso mitundu yinandi ya [[plants|vyakumera]] iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mphanga, mumphepete mwa nyanja na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Socotra ŵali na [[chiyowoyero]], [[mitheto]] na umoyo uwo wakukolerana na malo gha chirwa. Chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera, [[Socotra Archipelago]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo yikumanyikwa nga ni limoza mwa visumbu vyakuzizwiska chomene pa charu. ([[Socotra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> entczisjeyxydrolvfxzlry12imq6cg 120093 120086 2026-08-26T13:14:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120093 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Panoramic View.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska cha [[Greece|Greece]] icho chili na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] iyo yikukwera pachanya pa chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]]. Pachanya pa miyala iyi pali nyumba zakale za [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]], ndipo malo agha ghakawovwira ŵasopi ŵakale kukhala kutali na ŵanthu. [[Meteora]] yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha umo [[chilengiwa]] na [[chikhalidwe]] vikukoleranira, chifukwa miyala yikuru na nyumba zakale zikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, matchalitchi, mphanga na malo ghakuwonerako agho ghakulongora chigaŵa chose. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakuwoneka nga ni ghanyake mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9f9becp4kxwzfryfn86i0703g8m94pu 120191 120093 2026-08-26T14:06:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/12]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/12]] without leaving a redirect 120093 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Panoramic View.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska cha [[Greece|Greece]] icho chili na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] iyo yikukwera pachanya pa chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]]. Pachanya pa miyala iyi pali nyumba zakale za [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]], ndipo malo agha ghakawovwira ŵasopi ŵakale kukhala kutali na ŵanthu. [[Meteora]] yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha umo [[chilengiwa]] na [[chikhalidwe]] vikukoleranira, chifukwa miyala yikuru na nyumba zakale zikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, matchalitchi, mphanga na malo ghakuwonerako agho ghakulongora chigaŵa chose. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakuwoneka nga ni ghanyake mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9f9becp4kxwzfryfn86i0703g8m94pu 4 48803 120087 2026-08-26T13:09:38Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Socotra dragon blood tree.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa chikuru mu [[Yemen]] mu [[Indian Ocean|Nyanja ya Indian]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]], agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana nga ni mwavulelo, kweniso mitundu yinandi ya [[plants|vyakumera]] iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera. Malo agha..." 120087 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Socotra dragon blood tree.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa chikuru mu [[Yemen]] mu [[Indian Ocean|Nyanja ya Indian]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]], agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana nga ni mwavulelo, kweniso mitundu yinandi ya [[plants|vyakumera]] iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera. Malo agha ghali na mapiri, mphanga, mumphepete mwa nyanja na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Socotra ŵali na [[chiyowoyero]], [[mitheto]] na umoyo uwo wakukolerana na malo gha chirwa. Chifukwa cha vyakumera na vinyama vyake vyapadera, [[Socotra Archipelago]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo yikumanyikwa nga ni limoza mwa visumbu vyakuzizwiska chomene pa charu. ([[Socotra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> entczisjeyxydrolvfxzlry12imq6cg 120095 120087 2026-08-26T13:14:32Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120095 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1826 Iguazu Falls - South America, Brazil.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Maporomoko gha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la mapopoma agho ghali pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga mapopoma ghanandi agho ghali pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa na kupanga nkhungu. Malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], ndipo ghali na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma kufuma pa nthowa za mumphepete mwa maji, pa maboti na kufuma kuchanya. Iguazú ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hvy0ezdmyzudjueo2rs49iae7bcthwa 120097 120095 2026-08-26T13:15:05Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120097 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1826 Iguazu Falls - South America, Brazil.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la mapopoma agho ghali pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga mapopoma ghanandi agho ghali pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa na kupanga nkhungu. Malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], ndipo ghali na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma kufuma pa nthowa za mumphepete mwa maji, pa maboti na kufuma kuchanya. Iguazú ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 18inw1z7ovomp59eulsisq1v3mcqyoo 120189 120097 2026-08-26T14:05:32Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/10]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/10]] without leaving a redirect 120097 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1826 Iguazu Falls - South America, Brazil.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la mapopoma agho ghali pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga mapopoma ghanandi agho ghali pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa na kupanga nkhungu. Malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], ndipo ghali na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapopoma kufuma pa nthowa za mumphepete mwa maji, pa maboti na kufuma kuchanya. Iguazú ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 18inw1z7ovomp59eulsisq1v3mcqyoo 4 48804 120089 2026-08-26T13:12:48Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful turquoise Lake Bled (48701529738).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Slovenia]] iyo yili pakati pa [[Julian Alps|Mapiri gha Julian Alps]]. Maji ghake ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri, ndipo pakatikati pa nyanja pali [[Bled Island]], chirwa chichoko icho chili na nyumba zakale na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]]. Pa mumphepete mwa nyanja pali Bled..." 120089 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful turquoise Lake Bled (48701529738).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Slovenia]] iyo yili pakati pa [[Julian Alps|Mapiri gha Julian Alps]]. Maji ghake ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri, ndipo pakatikati pa nyanja pali [[Bled Island]], chirwa chichoko icho chili na nyumba zakale na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]]. Pa mumphepete mwa nyanja pali [[Bled Castle]], nyumba yakale iyo yili pachanya pa mwala ndipo yikuwoneska nyanja na mapiri ghakuzingilizga. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Bled kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu nthowa za mumphepete mwa maji, kwendera maboti na kuwona chirwa. Nyanja iyi yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghake ghakutowa, mapiri na chirwa icho chili pakati pake, ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Lake Bled|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bzxmwv6qa38j9ydqkv0bmj2k8pk5art 120205 120089 2026-08-26T14:10:38Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/17]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/17]] without leaving a redirect 120089 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful turquoise Lake Bled (48701529738).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni nyanja yitowa chomene mu [[Slovenia]] iyo yili pakati pa [[Julian Alps|Mapiri gha Julian Alps]]. Maji ghake ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri, ndipo pakatikati pa nyanja pali [[Bled Island]], chirwa chichoko icho chili na nyumba zakale na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]]. Pa mumphepete mwa nyanja pali [[Bled Castle]], nyumba yakale iyo yili pachanya pa mwala ndipo yikuwoneska nyanja na mapiri ghakuzingilizga. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Bled kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu nthowa za mumphepete mwa maji, kwendera maboti na kuwona chirwa. Nyanja iyi yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghake ghakutowa, mapiri na chirwa icho chili pakati pake, ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Lake Bled|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bzxmwv6qa38j9ydqkv0bmj2k8pk5art 4 48805 120092 2026-08-26T13:13:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Panoramic View.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska cha [[Greece|Greece]] icho chili na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] iyo yikukwera pachanya pa chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]]. Pachanya pa miyala iyi pali nyumba zakale za [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]], ndipo malo agha ghakawovwira ŵasopi ŵakale kukhala kutali na ŵanthu. [[Meteora]] yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha umo chilen..." 120092 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Panoramic View.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska cha [[Greece|Greece]] icho chili na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] iyo yikukwera pachanya pa chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]]. Pachanya pa miyala iyi pali nyumba zakale za [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]], ndipo malo agha ghakawovwira ŵasopi ŵakale kukhala kutali na ŵanthu. [[Meteora]] yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha umo [[chilengiwa]] na [[chikhalidwe]] vikukoleranira, chifukwa miyala yikuru na nyumba zakale zikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, matchalitchi, mphanga na malo ghakuwonerako agho ghakulongora chigaŵa chose. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakuwoneka nga ni ghanyake mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9f9becp4kxwzfryfn86i0703g8m94pu 120192 120092 2026-08-26T14:06:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/13]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/13]] without leaving a redirect 120092 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Panoramic View.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni chigaŵa chakuzizwiska cha [[Greece|Greece]] icho chili na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] iyo yikukwera pachanya pa chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]]. Pachanya pa miyala iyi pali nyumba zakale za [[Eastern Orthodox Church|matchalitchi gha Orthodox]], ndipo malo agha ghakawovwira ŵasopi ŵakale kukhala kutali na ŵanthu. [[Meteora]] yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha umo [[chilengiwa]] na [[chikhalidwe]] vikukoleranira, chifukwa miyala yikuru na nyumba zakale zikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, matchalitchi, mphanga na malo ghakuwonerako agho ghakulongora chigaŵa chose. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakuwoneka nga ni ghanyake mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9f9becp4kxwzfryfn86i0703g8m94pu 4 48806 120094 2026-08-26T13:14:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bled Island.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Slovenia]] agho ghali na [[Bled Island]] pakati pa maji ghake. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]] icho chikumanyikwa chomene ndipo chingafikirika na maboti ghachoko. Mumphepete mwa nyanja pali mapiri gha [[Julian Alps|Julian Alps]], [[Bled Castle]] na [[thengele]], ivyo vikupanga chithuzithuzi ch..." 120094 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bled Island.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Slovenia]] agho ghali na [[Bled Island]] pakati pa maji ghake. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]] icho chikumanyikwa chomene ndipo chingafikirika na maboti ghachoko. Mumphepete mwa nyanja pali mapiri gha [[Julian Alps|Julian Alps]], [[Bled Castle]] na [[thengele]], ivyo vikupanga chithuzithuzi chakuzizwiska chomene. Maji gha nyanja ghakuwoneka ghakutowa ndipo ghakupanga malo ghakukondweska pa nyengo zinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Bled kuwona chirwa, kwenda pa mumphepete mwa nyanja, kwendera maboti na kuwona mapiri. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo chirwa, nyanja, mapiri na nyumba zakale vikukoleranira kupanga malo ghakutowa. ([[Lake Bled|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> aalhb394gbz7wra4lz0imx2ddmt8t5l 120190 120094 2026-08-26T14:05:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/11]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/11]] without leaving a redirect 120094 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bled Island.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja Bled]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Slovenia]] agho ghali na [[Bled Island]] pakati pa maji ghake. Chirwa ichi chili na [[Church of the Mother of God on the Lake|tchalitchi]] icho chikumanyikwa chomene ndipo chingafikirika na maboti ghachoko. Mumphepete mwa nyanja pali mapiri gha [[Julian Alps|Julian Alps]], [[Bled Castle]] na [[thengele]], ivyo vikupanga chithuzithuzi chakuzizwiska chomene. Maji gha nyanja ghakuwoneka ghakutowa ndipo ghakupanga malo ghakukondweska pa nyengo zinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Bled kuwona chirwa, kwenda pa mumphepete mwa nyanja, kwendera maboti na kuwona mapiri. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo chirwa, nyanja, mapiri na nyumba zakale vikukoleranira kupanga malo ghakutowa. ([[Lake Bled|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> aalhb394gbz7wra4lz0imx2ddmt8t5l 4 48807 120096 2026-08-26T13:14:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Sunset.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Greece|Greece]] agho ghali na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] na [[monastery|matchalitchi]] ghakale agho ghazengeka pachanya pa miyala. Para [[zuŵa]] likusweka, ungweru ukuŵika mitundu yakupambanapambana pa miyala na nyumba zakale, ndipo malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakuzizwiska chomene. [[Meteora]] yili pafupi na [[Kalabaka]] mu chigaŵa cha Thessal..." 120096 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Sunset.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Greece|Greece]] agho ghali na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] na [[monastery|matchalitchi]] ghakale agho ghazengeka pachanya pa miyala. Para [[zuŵa]] likusweka, ungweru ukuŵika mitundu yakupambanapambana pa miyala na nyumba zakale, ndipo malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakuzizwiska chomene. [[Meteora]] yili pafupi na [[Kalabaka]] mu chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]], ndipo ghali na mapiri, mphanga na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kukhala na kusopa mu malo agha chifukwa cha kuŵa kutali na ŵanthu na kuŵa malo ghakuvikililika. Mazuŵa ghano Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona miyala na matchalitchi, ndipo Meteora yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwake. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> epkjsg74lg2a83axdv2e4po7q7rm7ii 120201 120096 2026-08-26T14:09:45Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/9]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/9]] without leaving a redirect 120096 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Meteora Sunset.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Meteora]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Greece|Greece]] agho ghali na mizati yikuru ya [[mwala]] na [[monastery|matchalitchi]] ghakale agho ghazengeka pachanya pa miyala. Para [[zuŵa]] likusweka, ungweru ukuŵika mitundu yakupambanapambana pa miyala na nyumba zakale, ndipo malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakuzizwiska chomene. [[Meteora]] yili pafupi na [[Kalabaka]] mu chigaŵa cha [[Thessaly]], ndipo ghali na mapiri, mphanga na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kukhala na kusopa mu malo agha chifukwa cha kuŵa kutali na ŵanthu na kuŵa malo ghakuvikililika. Mazuŵa ghano Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona miyala na matchalitchi, ndipo Meteora yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwake. ([[Meteora|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> epkjsg74lg2a83axdv2e4po7q7rm7ii 4 48808 120098 2026-08-26T13:17:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Iguazu Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la vipopoma ivyo vili pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga vipopoma vinandi ivyo vili pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakug..." 120098 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Iguazu Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la vipopoma ivyo vili pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga vipopoma vinandi ivyo vili pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa na kupanga nkhungu. Malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], ndipo ghali na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona vipopoma, kwenda mu thengele na kuyenda pa maboti pafupi na maji. Chipopoma cha Iguazú ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene pa charu. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pojs2nrejgere8wn0cw92hxccecvgxn 120200 120098 2026-08-26T14:09:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/8]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/8]] without leaving a redirect 120098 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Iguazu Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la vipopoma ivyo vili pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa mu vigaŵa vinandi na kupanga vipopoma vinandi ivyo vili pakati pa [[thengele]] la ku [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. Chigaŵa chakumanyikwa chomene ni [[Devil's Throat|Garganta del Diablo]], uko maji ghanandi ghakugwera mu mtondo wakufipa na kupanga nkhungu. Malo agha ghali mu [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], ndipo ghali na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona vipopoma, kwenda mu thengele na kuyenda pa maboti pafupi na maji. Chipopoma cha Iguazú ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene pa charu. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pojs2nrejgere8wn0cw92hxccecvgxn 4 48809 120099 2026-08-26T13:17:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Giant's Causeway landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Giant's Causeway|Giant’s Causeway]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska pa mumphepete mwa nyanja mu [[Northern Ireland]], uko kuli mizati yinandi ya [[basalt]] iyo yikuwoneka nga ni vyakupangika na munthu. Mizati iyi yili na mawonekedwe gha [[hexagon|makona ghankhondi na ghanayi]] ndipo yikapangika apo [[lava]] yikazizima na kusweka mu nyengo yakale ya geology|mdauko wa cha..." 120099 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Giant's Causeway landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Giant's Causeway|Giant’s Causeway]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska pa mumphepete mwa nyanja mu [[Northern Ireland]], uko kuli mizati yinandi ya [[basalt]] iyo yikuwoneka nga ni vyakupangika na munthu. Mizati iyi yili na mawonekedwe gha [[hexagon|makona ghankhondi na ghanayi]] ndipo yikapangika apo [[lava]] yikazizima na kusweka mu nyengo yakale ya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]]. Malo agha ghali pafupi na [[County Antrim]] ndipo mumphepete mwa nyanja muli miyala yinandi iyo yikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, kwenda pa miyala na kuwona nyanja. [[Giant’s Causeway]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Giant's Causeway|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o59wbunraw9fgalgg78nke7t41cptxn 120199 120099 2026-08-26T14:09:33Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/7]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/7]] without leaving a redirect 120099 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Giant's Causeway landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Giant's Causeway|Giant’s Causeway]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska pa mumphepete mwa nyanja mu [[Northern Ireland]], uko kuli mizati yinandi ya [[basalt]] iyo yikuwoneka nga ni vyakupangika na munthu. Mizati iyi yili na mawonekedwe gha [[hexagon|makona ghankhondi na ghanayi]] ndipo yikapangika apo [[lava]] yikazizima na kusweka mu nyengo yakale ya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]]. Malo agha ghali pafupi na [[County Antrim]] ndipo mumphepete mwa nyanja muli miyala yinandi iyo yikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, kwenda pa miyala na kuwona nyanja. [[Giant’s Causeway]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Giant's Causeway|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o59wbunraw9fgalgg78nke7t41cptxn 4 48810 120100 2026-08-26T13:17:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:" Avenue of the Baobabs " (Adansonia grandidieri) (9576865450).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Avenue of the Baobabs|Avenue of the Baobabs]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mzere wa [[baobab|makuni gha baobab]] agho ghakukura mumphepete mwa nthowa kufupi na [[Morondava]]. Makuni agha ghali na mitengo yitali na mathunthu ghakuru agho ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera chomene, chomene para zu..." 120100 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:" Avenue of the Baobabs " (Adansonia grandidieri) (9576865450).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Avenue of the Baobabs|Avenue of the Baobabs]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mzere wa [[baobab|makuni gha baobab]] agho ghakukura mumphepete mwa nthowa kufupi na [[Morondava]]. Makuni agha ghali na mitengo yitali na mathunthu ghakuru agho ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera chomene, chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha [[Menabe]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vyapadera vya ku Madagaska. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, kujambula vithuzithuzi na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa ichi. [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Madagaska ndipo yikulongora kutowa kwa malo gha chilengiwa gha chirwa ichi. ([[Avenue of the Baobabs|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6mgamjfbtw5jv1wq6z26d6dci617xrq 120198 120100 2026-08-26T14:09:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/6]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/6]] without leaving a redirect 120100 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:" Avenue of the Baobabs " (Adansonia grandidieri) (9576865450).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Avenue of the Baobabs|Avenue of the Baobabs]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mzere wa [[baobab|makuni gha baobab]] agho ghakukura mumphepete mwa nthowa kufupi na [[Morondava]]. Makuni agha ghali na mitengo yitali na mathunthu ghakuru agho ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera chomene, chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha [[Menabe]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vyapadera vya ku Madagaska. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, kujambula vithuzithuzi na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa ichi. [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Madagaska ndipo yikulongora kutowa kwa malo gha chilengiwa gha chirwa ichi. ([[Avenue of the Baobabs|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6mgamjfbtw5jv1wq6z26d6dci617xrq 4 48811 120102 2026-08-26T13:17:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Big Tsingy, Madagascar (23822944469).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve|Tsingy de Bemaraha]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yili na mapiko ghakuthwa na ghakukwera kuchanya. [[Erosion|Kudumulika kwa mwala]] kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska malo agha kuŵa na mphanga, mipata na nthowa pakati pa miyala. Ch..." 120102 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Big Tsingy, Madagascar (23822944469).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve|Tsingy de Bemaraha]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yili na mapiko ghakuthwa na ghakukwera kuchanya. [[Erosion|Kudumulika kwa mwala]] kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska malo agha kuŵa na mphanga, mipata na nthowa pakati pa miyala. Chigaŵa ichi chili na [[thengele]] na [[vinyama]] vyapadera, kusazgapo mitundu iyo yikusangika ku Madagaska pera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda pa nthowa za miyala na kuwoloka milatho iyo yili pachanya pa mipata. [[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve]] ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. ([[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0pk3qzmzddh15e87rqax0uzrqr2t1ve 120196 120102 2026-08-26T14:09:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/4]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/4]] without leaving a redirect 120102 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Big Tsingy, Madagascar (23822944469).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve|Tsingy de Bemaraha]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Madagascar|Madagaska]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yili na mapiko ghakuthwa na ghakukwera kuchanya. [[Erosion|Kudumulika kwa mwala]] kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska malo agha kuŵa na mphanga, mipata na nthowa pakati pa miyala. Chigaŵa ichi chili na [[thengele]] na [[vinyama]] vyapadera, kusazgapo mitundu iyo yikusangika ku Madagaska pera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda pa nthowa za miyala na kuwoloka milatho iyo yili pachanya pa mipata. [[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve]] ni [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. ([[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0pk3qzmzddh15e87rqax0uzrqr2t1ve 4 48812 120103 2026-08-26T13:17:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Bromo Bright Sunrise Right.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Bromo|Phiri la Bromo]]''' ni [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] mu [[East Java|East Java]], [[Indonesia]], ilo lili mu [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]]. Phiri ili likuzingilizgika na malo ghakuru gha mchenga na mapiri ghanyake, ndipo para [[zuŵa]] likufuma malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakutowa chomene. Pachanya pa [[Mount Bromo]] pali mtondo wa phiri uwo ukukwe..." 120103 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Bromo Bright Sunrise Right.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Bromo|Phiri la Bromo]]''' ni [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] mu [[East Java|East Java]], [[Indonesia]], ilo lili mu [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]]. Phiri ili likuzingilizgika na malo ghakuru gha mchenga na mapiri ghanyake, ndipo para [[zuŵa]] likufuma malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakutowa chomene. Pachanya pa [[Mount Bromo]] pali mtondo wa phiri uwo ukukwera utsi nyengo zinyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[sunrise|kufuma kwa zuŵa]], kukwera ku malo ghakuwonerako na kwenda mu malo gha mchenga. Chigaŵa ichi chili na [[Mount Semeru]], phiri litali chomene mu Java, ndipo mapiri agha ghakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. [[Mount Bromo]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu Indonesia. ([[Mount Bromo|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> e77bfcgaa3zz4dtrcrpi9cfutay7llz 120197 120103 2026-08-26T14:09:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/5]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/5]] without leaving a redirect 120103 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Bromo Bright Sunrise Right.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Bromo|Phiri la Bromo]]''' ni [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] mu [[East Java|East Java]], [[Indonesia]], ilo lili mu [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]]. Phiri ili likuzingilizgika na malo ghakuru gha mchenga na mapiri ghanyake, ndipo para [[zuŵa]] likufuma malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakutowa chomene. Pachanya pa [[Mount Bromo]] pali mtondo wa phiri uwo ukukwera utsi nyengo zinyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[sunrise|kufuma kwa zuŵa]], kukwera ku malo ghakuwonerako na kwenda mu malo gha mchenga. Chigaŵa ichi chili na [[Mount Semeru]], phiri litali chomene mu Java, ndipo mapiri agha ghakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. [[Mount Bromo]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu Indonesia. ([[Mount Bromo|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> e77bfcgaa3zz4dtrcrpi9cfutay7llz 4 48813 120104 2026-08-26T13:17:47Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful Kelimutu at Sunrise.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kelimutu]]''' ni phiri la [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] pa [[Flores Island|Chirwa cha Flores]] mu [[Indonesia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja zitatu za mu [[crater|mtondo wa phiri]] izo zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Maji gha nyanja izi ghangasintha mtundu chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu maji na kusintha kwa vinthu vya mu phiri. Malo agha ghali mu Kelimutu..." 120104 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful Kelimutu at Sunrise.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kelimutu]]''' ni phiri la [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] pa [[Flores Island|Chirwa cha Flores]] mu [[Indonesia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja zitatu za mu [[crater|mtondo wa phiri]] izo zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Maji gha nyanja izi ghangasintha mtundu chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu maji na kusintha kwa vinthu vya mu phiri. Malo agha ghali mu [[Kelimutu National Park]] ndipo ghazingilizgika na mapiri na vyakumera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma, apo nyanja na mapiri vikuwoneka makora mu ungweru wa m'mawa. [[Kelimutu]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu Indonesia chifukwa cha mitundu ya nyanja zake na mawonekedwe gha phiri. ([[Kelimutu|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> md6v34gr2cv5nnvsppsd8mrjef9mtgn 120195 120104 2026-08-26T14:08:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/3]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/3]] without leaving a redirect 120104 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Beautiful Kelimutu at Sunrise.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kelimutu]]''' ni phiri la [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] pa [[Flores Island|Chirwa cha Flores]] mu [[Indonesia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja zitatu za mu [[crater|mtondo wa phiri]] izo zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Maji gha nyanja izi ghangasintha mtundu chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu maji na kusintha kwa vinthu vya mu phiri. Malo agha ghali mu [[Kelimutu National Park]] ndipo ghazingilizgika na mapiri na vyakumera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha chomene para [[zuŵa]] likufuma, apo nyanja na mapiri vikuwoneka makora mu ungweru wa m'mawa. [[Kelimutu]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu Indonesia chifukwa cha mitundu ya nyanja zake na mawonekedwe gha phiri. ([[Kelimutu|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> md6v34gr2cv5nnvsppsd8mrjef9mtgn 4 48814 120105 2026-08-26T13:18:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Twelve Apostles, Victoria, Australia (Ank Kumar) 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Twelve Apostles (Victoria)|ŴaTwelve Apostles]]''' ni gulu la mizati yikuru ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yili mumphepete mwa [[Great Ocean Road]] mu [[Victoria, Australia]]. Mizati iyi yikapangika apo [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukadumulira mumphepete mwa mwala kwa nyengo zinandi, ndipo mtondo na mphanga vikazgoka mizati..." 120105 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Twelve Apostles, Victoria, Australia (Ank Kumar) 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Twelve Apostles (Victoria)|ŴaTwelve Apostles]]''' ni gulu la mizati yikuru ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yili mumphepete mwa [[Great Ocean Road]] mu [[Victoria, Australia]]. Mizati iyi yikapangika apo [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukadumulira mumphepete mwa mwala kwa nyengo zinandi, ndipo mtondo na mphanga vikazgoka mizati yakupatukana na mumphepete mwa nyanja. Malo agha ghali mu [[Port Campbell National Park]] ndipo ghakuwoneka makora kufuma pa malo ghakuwonerako pachanya pa nyanja. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, nyanja na [[chilengiwa]] cha mumphepete mwa nyanja, kweniso kujambula malo agha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka. [[Twelve Apostles]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene gha chilengiwa mu Australia. ([[Twelve Apostles (Victoria)|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gscj91m8n6cl6m12933ix8t7yy1dqcs 120106 120105 2026-08-26T13:19:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120106 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ethiopia - Dallol.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dallol]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] mu [[Danakil Depression]] mu [[Ethiopia]], agho ghali pasi chomene kupambana na nyanja. Malo agha ghali na [[hydrothermal vent|malo gha maji ghakufunda]], madamu gha mchere, vinthu vya [[sulfur|salfara]] na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya yellow, orange, green na white. Mitundu iyi yikupangika chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu maji na [[mineral|mchere]] uwo ukuŵa mu malo agha. Chigaŵa ichi chili na nyengo yakotcha chomene ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]] pa charu. Ŵanthu ŵakiza ku Dallol kuwona malo gha salfara, madamu na mawonekedwe gha pasi agho ghakuwoneka nga ni charu chinyake. ([[Dallol|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> stcdombn8dfntvxg2lvmp90eamkskzw 120194 120106 2026-08-26T14:08:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/2]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/2]] without leaving a redirect 120106 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ethiopia - Dallol.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dallol]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]] mu [[Danakil Depression]] mu [[Ethiopia]], agho ghali pasi chomene kupambana na nyanja. Malo agha ghali na [[hydrothermal vent|malo gha maji ghakufunda]], madamu gha mchere, vinthu vya [[sulfur|salfara]] na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya yellow, orange, green na white. Mitundu iyi yikupangika chifukwa cha vinthu vya mu maji na [[mineral|mchere]] uwo ukuŵa mu malo agha. Chigaŵa ichi chili na nyengo yakotcha chomene ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]] pa charu. Ŵanthu ŵakiza ku Dallol kuwona malo gha salfara, madamu na mawonekedwe gha pasi agho ghakuwoneka nga ni charu chinyake. ([[Dallol|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> stcdombn8dfntvxg2lvmp90eamkskzw 4 48815 120108 2026-08-26T13:23:58Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Avatar World 37741-Zhangjiajie (49046811008).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park|Zhangjiajie]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Hunan]], [[China]], agho ghali na mizati yitali ya mwala iyo yikukwera pachanya pakati pa [[thengele]]. Mapiri agha ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha kudumulika kwa mwala na vinthu vya chilengiwa kwa nyengo zinandi. Malo agha ghali mu Wulingyuan Scenic Are..." 120108 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Avatar World 37741-Zhangjiajie (49046811008).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park|Zhangjiajie]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Hunan]], [[China]], agho ghali na mizati yitali ya mwala iyo yikukwera pachanya pakati pa [[thengele]]. Mapiri agha ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha kudumulika kwa mwala na vinthu vya chilengiwa kwa nyengo zinandi. Malo agha ghali mu [[Wulingyuan Scenic Area]], ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri ghakuthwa, mphanga, thengele na nthowa zakwendamo. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri kufuma pa malo ghakuwonerako na kwenda mu thengele. Zhangjiajie yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mawonekedwe gha mapiri agho ghakuwoneka nga ni mizati yikuru yakufuma mu thengele. ([[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gmsh4csjf05549fdmb5bttpk0aaq3pt 120110 120108 2026-08-26T13:24:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120110 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni (Minimalism).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha [[mchere]] mu [[Bolivia]] ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. Malo agha ghali pa [[Altiplano]] ndipo ghakukwera chomene kupambana na nyanja. Para pali maji pachanya pa mchere, malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni galasi likuru ilo likulongora [[mlengalenga]] na mabingu. Para kwawuma, mchere ukupanga mawonekedwe gha makona agho ghakubwerezabwereza pa malo ghakuru. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli makuni gha cactus ghakulu, ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mchere, visumbu na vithuzithuzi vya chilengiwa. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> dkfv14nsbsar8bekpv9sfcwmnn69054 120149 120110 2026-08-26T13:44:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/6]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/6]] without leaving a redirect 120110 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni (Minimalism).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha [[mchere]] mu [[Bolivia]] ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. Malo agha ghali pa [[Altiplano]] ndipo ghakukwera chomene kupambana na nyanja. Para pali maji pachanya pa mchere, malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni galasi likuru ilo likulongora [[mlengalenga]] na mabingu. Para kwawuma, mchere ukupanga mawonekedwe gha makona agho ghakubwerezabwereza pa malo ghakuru. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli makuni gha cactus ghakulu, ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mchere, visumbu na vithuzithuzi vya chilengiwa. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> dkfv14nsbsar8bekpv9sfcwmnn69054 4 48816 120109 2026-08-26T13:24:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Emerald waters of Ha Long Bay.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ha Long Bay|Nyanja ya Ha Long]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Vietnam]] agho ghali na visumbu na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yikufuma mu maji. Maji gha nyanja iyi ghali na mtundu wakutowa ndipo ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri gha mwala agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. Mu malo agha muli mphanga, visumbu, nyanja na vijiji vya ŵalovi..." 120109 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Emerald waters of Ha Long Bay.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ha Long Bay|Nyanja ya Ha Long]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Vietnam]] agho ghali na visumbu na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yikufuma mu maji. Maji gha nyanja iyi ghali na mtundu wakutowa ndipo ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri gha mwala agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. Mu malo agha muli mphanga, visumbu, nyanja na vijiji vya ŵalovi. Ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ŵali na umoyo uwo wakukolerana na nyanja, kusazgapo [[kukola somba]] na kugwiliskira ntchito maboti. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Ha Long Bay kuwona visumbu, kwenda pa maboti na kunjira mu mphanga. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Vietnam]]. ([[Ha Long Bay|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jk1a25tm9d1aj1j54qglnfyflmgfku2 120146 120109 2026-08-26T13:43:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/9]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/9]] without leaving a redirect 120109 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Emerald waters of Ha Long Bay.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ha Long Bay|Nyanja ya Ha Long]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Vietnam]] agho ghali na visumbu na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone|mwala wa limestone]] iyo yikufuma mu maji. Maji gha nyanja iyi ghali na mtundu wakutowa ndipo ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri gha mwala agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. Mu malo agha muli mphanga, visumbu, nyanja na vijiji vya ŵalovi. Ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ŵali na umoyo uwo wakukolerana na nyanja, kusazgapo [[kukola somba]] na kugwiliskira ntchito maboti. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Ha Long Bay kuwona visumbu, kwenda pa maboti na kunjira mu mphanga. Malo agha ghali pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Vietnam]]. ([[Ha Long Bay|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jk1a25tm9d1aj1j54qglnfyflmgfku2 4 48817 120111 2026-08-26T13:24:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Amanecer en Laguna Amarga 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha mapiri mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]]. Malo agha ghali na mizati yikuru ya miyala, nyanja, miziŵa, mapiri na [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. [[Torres del Paine]] ni mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakumanyikwa chomene ndipo ghakuwoneka makora kufuma ku malo ghakuwonerako mu na..." 120111 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Amanecer en Laguna Amarga 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha mapiri mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]]. Malo agha ghali na mizati yikuru ya miyala, nyanja, miziŵa, mapiri na [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. [[Torres del Paine]] ni mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakumanyikwa chomene ndipo ghakuwoneka makora kufuma ku malo ghakuwonerako mu [[national park|paki ya charu]]. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Grey Glacier]], [[Grey Lake]] na mapiri gha [[Cordillera del Paine]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, kwenda mu nthowa za mu park na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha Patagonia. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa pa charu chose chifukwa cha mapiri ghake ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakuru gha chilengiwa. ([[Torres del Paine National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4pip2sjc4m4hsad894blg7pfux9y6ft 120148 120111 2026-08-26T13:44:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/7]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/7]] without leaving a redirect 120111 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Amanecer en Laguna Amarga 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park|Torres del Paine]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha mapiri mu [[Chile]], mu chigaŵa cha [[Patagonia]]. Malo agha ghali na mizati yikuru ya miyala, nyanja, miziŵa, mapiri na [[glacier|miziŵa ya maji ghakuzizima]]. [[Torres del Paine]] ni mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakumanyikwa chomene ndipo ghakuwoneka makora kufuma ku malo ghakuwonerako mu [[national park|paki ya charu]]. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Grey Glacier]], [[Grey Lake]] na mapiri gha [[Cordillera del Paine]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, kwenda mu nthowa za mu park na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha Patagonia. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa pa charu chose chifukwa cha mapiri ghake ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakuru gha chilengiwa. ([[Torres del Paine National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4pip2sjc4m4hsad894blg7pfux9y6ft 4 48818 120112 2026-08-26T13:24:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Broad overview of the calcium pools (16309668022).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] agho ghali na mathanga ghakupambanapambana gha [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]] agho ghapangika chifukwa cha maji ghakotcha gha mu pasi. Maji agha ghakuyenda pa mathanga gha mwala na kupanga madamu ghachoko agho ghali na maji ghakutowa. Pamukkale yili pafupi na [[Hierapolis]], malo ghaka..." 120112 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Broad overview of the calcium pools (16309668022).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] agho ghali na mathanga ghakupambanapambana gha [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]] agho ghapangika chifukwa cha maji ghakotcha gha mu pasi. Maji agha ghakuyenda pa mathanga gha mwala na kupanga madamu ghachoko agho ghali na maji ghakutowa. Pamukkale yili pafupi na [[Hierapolis]], malo ghakale gha Ŵaroma agho ghali na mabwinja gha nyumba, mabafa na malo ghanyake ghakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mathanga, maji ghakotcha na mabwinja gha Hierapolis. [[Pamukkale]] na [[Hierapolis]] vili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwa malo agha pa chilengiwa na mdauko. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g0fbmeq3p33c7sf5ct96733l7m9rpbz 120143 120112 2026-08-26T13:43:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/3]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/3]] without leaving a redirect 120112 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Broad overview of the calcium pools (16309668022).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] agho ghali na mathanga ghakupambanapambana gha [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]] agho ghapangika chifukwa cha maji ghakotcha gha mu pasi. Maji agha ghakuyenda pa mathanga gha mwala na kupanga madamu ghachoko agho ghali na maji ghakutowa. Pamukkale yili pafupi na [[Hierapolis]], malo ghakale gha Ŵaroma agho ghali na mabwinja gha nyumba, mabafa na malo ghanyake ghakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mathanga, maji ghakotcha na mabwinja gha Hierapolis. [[Pamukkale]] na [[Hierapolis]] vili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwa malo agha pa chilengiwa na mdauko. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g0fbmeq3p33c7sf5ct96733l7m9rpbz 4 48819 120113 2026-08-26T13:24:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1371 New Zealand - Milford Sound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha maji na mapiri mu [[New Zealand]], mu [[Fiordland National Park]]. Malo agha ghali na mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakufuma pachanya pa maji, ndipo para vula yikawa yikuru, [[vipopoma]] vinandi vikupangika mumphepete mwa mapiri. [[Mitre Peak]] ni phiri lakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi ndipo likuwoneka pac..." 120113 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1371 New Zealand - Milford Sound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha maji na mapiri mu [[New Zealand]], mu [[Fiordland National Park]]. Malo agha ghali na mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakufuma pachanya pa maji, ndipo para vula yikawa yikuru, [[vipopoma]] vinandi vikupangika mumphepete mwa mapiri. [[Mitre Peak]] ni phiri lakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi ndipo likuwoneka pachanya pa maji. Milford Sound yili na thengele, maji gha nyanja, vinyama vya mu maji na mapiri ghakuru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri na vipopoma, kwendera maboti na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Fiordland]]. Malo agha ghali mu [[Te Wahipounamu]] [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri na maji ghake. ([[Milford Sound|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jbohuv134tgtncxy3nkgqa2257psfmc 120147 120113 2026-08-26T13:44:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/8]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/8]] without leaving a redirect 120113 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:00 1371 New Zealand - Milford Sound.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha maji na mapiri mu [[New Zealand]], mu [[Fiordland National Park]]. Malo agha ghali na mapiri ghakuthwa agho ghakufuma pachanya pa maji, ndipo para vula yikawa yikuru, [[vipopoma]] vinandi vikupangika mumphepete mwa mapiri. [[Mitre Peak]] ni phiri lakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi ndipo likuwoneka pachanya pa maji. Milford Sound yili na thengele, maji gha nyanja, vinyama vya mu maji na mapiri ghakuru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri na vipopoma, kwendera maboti na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Fiordland]]. Malo agha ghali mu [[Te Wahipounamu]] [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|malo gha chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri na maji ghake. ([[Milford Sound|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jbohuv134tgtncxy3nkgqa2257psfmc 4 48820 120114 2026-08-26T13:24:45Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni (Minimalism).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha [[mchere]] mu [[Bolivia]] ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. Malo agha ghali pa [[Altiplano]] ndipo ghakukwera chomene kupambana na nyanja. Para pali maji pachanya pa mchere, malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni galasi likuru ilo likulongora [[mlengalenga]] na mabingu. Para kwawuma, mchere ukupanga mawon..." 120114 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni (Minimalism).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha [[mchere]] mu [[Bolivia]] ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. Malo agha ghali pa [[Altiplano]] ndipo ghakukwera chomene kupambana na nyanja. Para pali maji pachanya pa mchere, malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni galasi likuru ilo likulongora [[mlengalenga]] na mabingu. Para kwawuma, mchere ukupanga mawonekedwe gha makona agho ghakubwerezabwereza pa malo ghakuru. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli makuni gha cactus ghakulu, ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mchere, visumbu na vithuzithuzi vya chilengiwa. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> dkfv14nsbsar8bekpv9sfcwmnn69054 120145 120114 2026-08-26T13:43:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/5]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/5]] without leaving a redirect 120114 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Salar de Uyuni (Minimalism).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha [[mchere]] mu [[Bolivia]] ndipo ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. Malo agha ghali pa [[Altiplano]] ndipo ghakukwera chomene kupambana na nyanja. Para pali maji pachanya pa mchere, malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni galasi likuru ilo likulongora [[mlengalenga]] na mabingu. Para kwawuma, mchere ukupanga mawonekedwe gha makona agho ghakubwerezabwereza pa malo ghakuru. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli makuni gha cactus ghakulu, ndipo ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mchere, visumbu na vithuzithuzi vya chilengiwa. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> dkfv14nsbsar8bekpv9sfcwmnn69054 4 48821 120115 2026-08-26T13:24:50Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal (15875013295).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru chomene mu [[Russia]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na mapiri agho ghakuzingilizga nyanja. Ni yimoza mwa nyanja zakale chomene pa charu ndipo yili na mitundu yinandi ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika mu Baikal pera. Pakati pa nyanja pali [[Olkhon Island]], chirwa chikuru icho chili na mapiri,..." 120115 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal (15875013295).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru chomene mu [[Russia]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na mapiri agho ghakuzingilizga nyanja. Ni yimoza mwa nyanja zakale chomene pa charu ndipo yili na mitundu yinandi ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika mu Baikal pera. Pakati pa nyanja pali [[Olkhon Island]], chirwa chikuru icho chili na mapiri, thengele na mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu nyengo ya chiphalale, maji ghakuzizima chomene ndipo pachanya pa nyanja pakukhalapo [[ice|chiphalale]] chakukhora. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyanja, visumbu, mapiri na chiphalale. [[Lake Baikal]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwake kwa chilengiwa. ([[Lake Baikal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> f8g0t1dh8n6phb2ky16hfjqpqdq23tr 120152 120115 2026-08-26T13:51:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/10]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/10]] without leaving a redirect 120115 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal (15875013295).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru chomene mu [[Russia]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji ghake ghakutowa na mapiri agho ghakuzingilizga nyanja. Ni yimoza mwa nyanja zakale chomene pa charu ndipo yili na mitundu yinandi ya [[vinyama]] iyo yikusangika mu Baikal pera. Pakati pa nyanja pali [[Olkhon Island]], chirwa chikuru icho chili na mapiri, thengele na mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu nyengo ya chiphalale, maji ghakuzizima chomene ndipo pachanya pa nyanja pakukhalapo [[ice|chiphalale]] chakukhora. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyanja, visumbu, mapiri na chiphalale. [[Lake Baikal]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kuzirwa kwake kwa chilengiwa. ([[Lake Baikal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> f8g0t1dh8n6phb2ky16hfjqpqdq23tr 4 48822 120116 2026-08-26T13:26:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Reflection on the Salar de Uyuni, bolivia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha mchere mu [[Bolivia]] icho chikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana chomene para maji ghakukhala pachanya pa mchere. Maji ghakachoko ghakupanga chithuzithuzi cha [[mlengalenga]] pa pasi, ndipo malo ghose ghangawoneka nga ni galasi likuru. Salar de Uyuni yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Altiplano]] ndipo yili na mchere wakujum..." 120116 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Reflection on the Salar de Uyuni, bolivia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha mchere mu [[Bolivia]] icho chikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana chomene para maji ghakukhala pachanya pa mchere. Maji ghakachoko ghakupanga chithuzithuzi cha [[mlengalenga]] pa pasi, ndipo malo ghose ghangawoneka nga ni galasi likuru. Salar de Uyuni yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Altiplano]] ndipo yili na mchere wakujumpha mu malo ghakuru chomene. Pakati pa malo agha pali visumbu nga ni [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli cactus yikuru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chomene mu nyengo iyo maji ghali pachanya pa mchere, chifukwa cha vithuzithuzi vya ungweru na mlengalenga. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha chilengiwa pa charu. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> j4fcbfqr3rajz5u46zhgobc6l78sqvx 120153 120116 2026-08-26T13:51:45Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/11]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/11]] without leaving a redirect 120116 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Reflection on the Salar de Uyuni, bolivia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Salar de Uyuni]]''' ni chipalamba chikuru cha mchere mu [[Bolivia]] icho chikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana chomene para maji ghakukhala pachanya pa mchere. Maji ghakachoko ghakupanga chithuzithuzi cha [[mlengalenga]] pa pasi, ndipo malo ghose ghangawoneka nga ni galasi likuru. Salar de Uyuni yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Altiplano]] ndipo yili na mchere wakujumpha mu malo ghakuru chomene. Pakati pa malo agha pali visumbu nga ni [[Isla Incahuasi]], uko kuli cactus yikuru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha chomene mu nyengo iyo maji ghali pachanya pa mchere, chifukwa cha vithuzithuzi vya ungweru na mlengalenga. [[Salar de Uyuni]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha chilengiwa pa charu. ([[Salar de Uyuni|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> j4fcbfqr3rajz5u46zhgobc6l78sqvx 4 48823 120117 2026-08-26T13:26:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Santorini Thera Greece Landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Santorini]]''' ni chirwa chakutowa chomene mu [[Greece|Greece]] mu [[Aegean Sea|Nyanja ya Aegean]], icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]], maji gha buluu na nyumba zituŵa izo zikuzenga pachanya pa mapiri. Chirwa ichi chikapangika chifukwa cha kubuka kwa phiri kwakale uko kukasintha mawonekedwe gha chigaŵa ichi. [[Santorini]] y..." 120117 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Santorini Thera Greece Landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Santorini]]''' ni chirwa chakutowa chomene mu [[Greece|Greece]] mu [[Aegean Sea|Nyanja ya Aegean]], icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]], maji gha buluu na nyumba zituŵa izo zikuzenga pachanya pa mapiri. Chirwa ichi chikapangika chifukwa cha kubuka kwa phiri kwakale uko kukasintha mawonekedwe gha chigaŵa ichi. [[Santorini]] yili na [[caldera|caldera]] yikuru iyo yikuzingilizgika na maji, ndipo mumphepete mwa mapiri muli vijiji nga ni [[Oia]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu vijiji, kuwona nyanja na kuwona [[sunset|kusweka kwa zuŵa]]. Santorini ni limoza mwa visumbu vyakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri, nyanja na nyumba zake. ([[Santorini|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9awmivqyop4vcoflkzh72cke4o00k7g 120154 120117 2026-08-26T13:52:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/12]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/12]] without leaving a redirect 120117 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Santorini Thera Greece Landscape.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Santorini]]''' ni chirwa chakutowa chomene mu [[Greece|Greece]] mu [[Aegean Sea|Nyanja ya Aegean]], icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri gha [[volcano|phiri lakubuka moto]], maji gha buluu na nyumba zituŵa izo zikuzenga pachanya pa mapiri. Chirwa ichi chikapangika chifukwa cha kubuka kwa phiri kwakale uko kukasintha mawonekedwe gha chigaŵa ichi. [[Santorini]] yili na [[caldera|caldera]] yikuru iyo yikuzingilizgika na maji, ndipo mumphepete mwa mapiri muli vijiji nga ni [[Oia]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu vijiji, kuwona nyanja na kuwona [[sunset|kusweka kwa zuŵa]]. Santorini ni limoza mwa visumbu vyakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwa mapiri, nyanja na nyumba zake. ([[Santorini|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9awmivqyop4vcoflkzh72cke4o00k7g 4 48824 120118 2026-08-26T13:26:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha mphanga mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], icho chikapangika chifukwa cha maji gha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] na kudumulika kwa mwala kwa nyengo zinandi. Mphanga iyi yili na makhoma ghakuru gha miyala agho ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ndipo ghakulongora vinthu vya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]] wa nyengo..." 120118 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha mphanga mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], icho chikapangika chifukwa cha maji gha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] na kudumulika kwa mwala kwa nyengo zinandi. Mphanga iyi yili na makhoma ghakuru gha miyala agho ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ndipo ghakulongora vinthu vya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]] wa nyengo zinandi. Mlonga wa Colorado ukuenda pasi pa mphanga ndipo ukuŵa chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha malo agha. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mphanga kufuma pa malo ghakuwonerako, kwenda mu nthowa za pasi na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Arizona]]. [[Grand Canyon]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[North America|kumpoto kwa America]] ndipo yili na kuzirwa kukuru pa charu chose. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nwexa1xu2whfojntl3ghclyueo9p961 120155 120118 2026-08-26T13:52:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/13]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/13]] without leaving a redirect 120118 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni chigaŵa chikuru cha mphanga mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], icho chikapangika chifukwa cha maji gha [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] na kudumulika kwa mwala kwa nyengo zinandi. Mphanga iyi yili na makhoma ghakuru gha miyala agho ghali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ndipo ghakulongora vinthu vya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]] wa nyengo zinandi. Mlonga wa Colorado ukuenda pasi pa mphanga ndipo ukuŵa chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha malo agha. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mphanga kufuma pa malo ghakuwonerako, kwenda mu nthowa za pasi na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Arizona]]. [[Grand Canyon]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene mu [[North America|kumpoto kwa America]] ndipo yili na kuzirwa kukuru pa charu chose. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nwexa1xu2whfojntl3ghclyueo9p961 4 48825 120119 2026-08-26T13:26:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na mitundu yinandi ya [[coral|korali]], [[fish|somba]], [[turtle|vimbati]], na vinyama vinyake vya mu [[nyanja]]. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga visumbu na malo gha maji ghakupambanapambana, ndipo..." 120119 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na mitundu yinandi ya [[coral|korali]], [[fish|somba]], [[turtle|vimbati]], na vinyama vinyake vya mu [[nyanja]]. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga visumbu na malo gha maji ghakupambanapambana, ndipo ghali na vyakumera na vinyama vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha mu nyanja, kusambira na kuwona vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Barrier Reef]] ni chimoza mwa vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa vya pa charu ndipo chili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Chifukwa cha kukura kwake na unandi wa vinyama, ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha mu [[nyanja]]. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q6c9wast6qkcyz9v0mx1w56uqcpkdl8 120156 120119 2026-08-26T13:52:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/14]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/14]] without leaving a redirect 120119 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na mitundu yinandi ya [[coral|korali]], [[fish|somba]], [[turtle|vimbati]], na vinyama vinyake vya mu [[nyanja]]. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga visumbu na malo gha maji ghakupambanapambana, ndipo ghali na vyakumera na vinyama vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha mu nyanja, kusambira na kuwona vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Barrier Reef]] ni chimoza mwa vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa vya pa charu ndipo chili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Chifukwa cha kukura kwake na unandi wa vinyama, ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha mu [[nyanja]]. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q6c9wast6qkcyz9v0mx1w56uqcpkdl8 4 48826 120120 2026-08-26T13:27:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice Lakes 1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni gulu la nyanja, miziŵa na vipopoma mu [[Croatia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghakutowa na [[thengele]]. Maji ghakuyenda kufuma pa nyanja yimoza kuya ku yinyake ndipo ghakapanga [[chipopoma]] na madamu ghachoko. Vinthu vya mu maji vikovwira kupanga [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]], uwo ukupangiska nyanja na vipopoma..." 120120 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice Lakes 1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni gulu la nyanja, miziŵa na vipopoma mu [[Croatia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghakutowa na [[thengele]]. Maji ghakuyenda kufuma pa nyanja yimoza kuya ku yinyake ndipo ghakapanga [[chipopoma]] na madamu ghachoko. Vinthu vya mu maji vikovwira kupanga [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]], uwo ukupangiska nyanja na vipopoma kuŵa na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. Maji ghakuwoneka mu mitundu ya buluu na green kutengera kuya na ungweru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda pa nthowa za matabwa, kuwona vipopoma na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. [[Plitvice Lakes National Park]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6p9gsmdtc0657sb8g3j5y4x5yr4auqt 120159 120120 2026-08-26T13:53:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/17]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/17]] without leaving a redirect 120120 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice Lakes 1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni gulu la nyanja, miziŵa na vipopoma mu [[Croatia]] ilo likumanyikwa chifukwa cha maji ghakutowa na [[thengele]]. Maji ghakuyenda kufuma pa nyanja yimoza kuya ku yinyake ndipo ghakapanga [[chipopoma]] na madamu ghachoko. Vinthu vya mu maji vikovwira kupanga [[travertine|mwala wa travertine]], uwo ukupangiska nyanja na vipopoma kuŵa na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. Maji ghakuwoneka mu mitundu ya buluu na green kutengera kuya na ungweru. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda pa nthowa za matabwa, kuwona vipopoma na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. [[Plitvice Lakes National Park]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Europe|Ulaya]]. ([[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6p9gsmdtc0657sb8g3j5y4x5yr4auqt 4 48827 120121 2026-08-26T13:27:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikulongora luso na umanyi wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Southeast Asia mu nyengo yakale. Nyumba iyi yikuzingilizgika na maji ndipo ili na mizati yinandi, nyumba zikuru na vikozgo ivyo vikulongora nkhani za [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] na [[Buddhism|Chibuda]]. Angkor Wat yikapangika mu 12th century|vyaka vya m'ma 110..." 120121 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikulongora luso na umanyi wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Southeast Asia mu nyengo yakale. Nyumba iyi yikuzingilizgika na maji ndipo ili na mizati yinandi, nyumba zikuru na vikozgo ivyo vikulongora nkhani za [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] na [[Buddhism|Chibuda]]. Angkor Wat yikapangika mu [[12th century|vyaka vya m'ma 1100]] ndipo yikaŵa pakati pa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha ufumu wa Khmer. Mazuŵa ghano malo agha ghakuwoneka makora chomene para [[zuŵa]] likusweka, apo ungweru ukuŵika mitundu pa miyala yakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba, vikozgo na malo ghakale gha Angkor. ([[Angkor Wat|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lxebjvqp3r34msciycet9zdzpfjybwh 120150 120121 2026-08-26T13:51:07Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/20]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/20]] without leaving a redirect 120121 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikulongora luso na umanyi wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Southeast Asia mu nyengo yakale. Nyumba iyi yikuzingilizgika na maji ndipo ili na mizati yinandi, nyumba zikuru na vikozgo ivyo vikulongora nkhani za [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] na [[Buddhism|Chibuda]]. Angkor Wat yikapangika mu [[12th century|vyaka vya m'ma 1100]] ndipo yikaŵa pakati pa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha ufumu wa Khmer. Mazuŵa ghano malo agha ghakuwoneka makora chomene para [[zuŵa]] likusweka, apo ungweru ukuŵika mitundu pa miyala yakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba, vikozgo na malo ghakale gha Angkor. ([[Angkor Wat|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lxebjvqp3r34msciycet9zdzpfjybwh 4 48828 120122 2026-08-26T13:27:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon, South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yikuru chomene mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala agho ghali na mitundu na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] ukuenda pasi pa mphanga ndipo ndiwo ukawovwira kudumula chigaŵa ichi kwa nyengo zinandi. Kufuma pa [[South Rim]] munthu wangawona mphanga, mlonga..." 120122 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon, South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yikuru chomene mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala agho ghali na mitundu na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] ukuenda pasi pa mphanga ndipo ndiwo ukawovwira kudumula chigaŵa ichi kwa nyengo zinandi. Kufuma pa [[South Rim]] munthu wangawona mphanga, mlonga, mapiri na mipata yakutali. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri na kujambula vithuzithuzi. Makhoma gha Grand Canyon ghakulongora vigaŵa vinandi vya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]], ndipo malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu chose. [[Grand Canyon]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha chilengiwa mu [[United States]]. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> kwdws6pvckta1do8oiqv90wn0pp545t 120165 120122 2026-08-26T13:55:31Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/25]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/25]] without leaving a redirect 120122 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Canyon, South Rim.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yikuru chomene mu [[Arizona]], [[United States|United States of America]], iyo yili na makhoma gha mwala agho ghali na mitundu na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana. [[Colorado River|Mlonga wa Colorado]] ukuenda pasi pa mphanga ndipo ndiwo ukawovwira kudumula chigaŵa ichi kwa nyengo zinandi. Kufuma pa [[South Rim]] munthu wangawona mphanga, mlonga, mapiri na mipata yakutali. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri na kujambula vithuzithuzi. Makhoma gha Grand Canyon ghakulongora vigaŵa vinandi vya [[geology|mdauko wa charu]], ndipo malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu chose. [[Grand Canyon]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha chilengiwa mu [[United States]]. ([[Grand Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> kwdws6pvckta1do8oiqv90wn0pp545t 4 48829 120123 2026-08-26T13:27:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] ilo lili mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na [[coral|korali]] zinandi, [[fish|somba]], [[mollusc|vinyama vya mu maji]] na vinyama vinyake vya mu nyanja. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana gha maji..." 120123 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] ilo lili mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na [[coral|korali]] zinandi, [[fish|somba]], [[mollusc|vinyama vya mu maji]] na vinyama vinyake vya mu nyanja. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana gha maji na visumbu ndipo ghakovwira vinyama vinandi vya mu [[nyanja]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha, kusambira na kuwona vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Barrier Reef]] ni yimoza mwa vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa vya ku [[Australia]] ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Malo agha ghakuzirwa chomene chifukwa cha unandi wa vyakumera na vinyama ivyo vikukhala mu nyanja. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2qav49tyihkaj3v8enovogd547ht36v 120151 120123 2026-08-26T13:51:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/19]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/19]] without leaving a redirect 120123 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Barrier Reef|Matanthwe gha Korali gha Great Barrier Reef]]''' ni gulu likuru la [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] ilo lili mumphepete mwa [[Queensland]] ku [[Australia]]. Malo agha ghali na [[coral|korali]] zinandi, [[fish|somba]], [[mollusc|vinyama vya mu maji]] na vinyama vinyake vya mu nyanja. Matanthwe agha ghakupanga malo ghakupambanapambana gha maji na visumbu ndipo ghakovwira vinyama vinandi vya mu [[nyanja]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha, kusambira na kuwona vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Barrier Reef]] ni yimoza mwa vyakuzizwiska vya chilengiwa vya ku [[Australia]] ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Malo agha ghakuzirwa chomene chifukwa cha unandi wa vyakumera na vinyama ivyo vikukhala mu nyanja. ([[Great Barrier Reef|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2qav49tyihkaj3v8enovogd547ht36v 4 48830 120124 2026-08-26T13:27:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra, Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni malo ghakale ghakuzizwiska mu [[Jordan]] agho ghali na nyumba na mabwinja ghakudumulika mu [[sandstone|mwala wa sandstone]]. Mzinda wakale uwu ukazengeka mu chigaŵa cha mapiri na mphanga, ndipo nyumba zakale nga ni [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] zikupangika mu makhoma gha mwala. [[Petra]] yikaŵa malo ghakuzirwa pa malonda chifukwa cha malo ghake pakati pa nthowa zakale za..." 120124 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra, Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni malo ghakale ghakuzizwiska mu [[Jordan]] agho ghali na nyumba na mabwinja ghakudumulika mu [[sandstone|mwala wa sandstone]]. Mzinda wakale uwu ukazengeka mu chigaŵa cha mapiri na mphanga, ndipo nyumba zakale nga ni [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] zikupangika mu makhoma gha mwala. [[Petra]] yikaŵa malo ghakuzirwa pa malonda chifukwa cha malo ghake pakati pa nthowa zakale za malonda. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵa [[Nabataeans|Nabataean]] ndiwo ŵakazenga na kusintha malo agha. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba zakudumulika mu mwala, mphanga, nthowa zakale na mapiri. Petra yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo yili pakati pa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene gha mdauko pa charu. ([[Petra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> engfm3ocv44lsraqx64s4nkd4mzpf00 120157 120124 2026-08-26T13:52:55Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/15]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/15]] without leaving a redirect 120124 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra, Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni malo ghakale ghakuzizwiska mu [[Jordan]] agho ghali na nyumba na mabwinja ghakudumulika mu [[sandstone|mwala wa sandstone]]. Mzinda wakale uwu ukazengeka mu chigaŵa cha mapiri na mphanga, ndipo nyumba zakale nga ni [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] zikupangika mu makhoma gha mwala. [[Petra]] yikaŵa malo ghakuzirwa pa malonda chifukwa cha malo ghake pakati pa nthowa zakale za malonda. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵa [[Nabataeans|Nabataean]] ndiwo ŵakazenga na kusintha malo agha. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba zakudumulika mu mwala, mphanga, nthowa zakale na mapiri. Petra yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo yili pakati pa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene gha mdauko pa charu. ([[Petra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> engfm3ocv44lsraqx64s4nkd4mzpf00 4 48831 120125 2026-08-26T13:27:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat with its reflection.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[temple|kusopera]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikapangika mu nyengo ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]]. Malo agha ghali na nyumba zikuru, mizati, vikozgo na makhoma ghakudulika agho ghakulongora luso lwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Khmer people|Khmer]]. Angkor Wat yikaŵa malo ghakusoperamo gha [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] ndipo pamanyuma yikagwiliskirika nt..." 120125 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat with its reflection.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[temple|kusopera]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikapangika mu nyengo ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]]. Malo agha ghali na nyumba zikuru, mizati, vikozgo na makhoma ghakudulika agho ghakulongora luso lwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Khmer people|Khmer]]. Angkor Wat yikaŵa malo ghakusoperamo gha [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] ndipo pamanyuma yikagwiliskirika ntchito na ŵanthu ŵa [[Buddhism|Chibuda]]. Nyumba iyi yikuzingilizgika na maji na thengele, ndipo chithuzithuzi chake chikuwoneka makora para nyumba yikujira mu maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba, vikozgo, mathanga na malo ghakale. [[Angkor Wat]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakale zakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Angkor Wat|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> f529ls90qtj8fne9sdevy2b92os032z 120158 120125 2026-08-26T13:53:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/16]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/16]] without leaving a redirect 120125 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Angkor Wat with its reflection.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Angkor Wat]]''' ni nyumba yikuru ya [[temple|kusopera]] mu [[Cambodia]] iyo yikapangika mu nyengo ya [[Khmer Empire|Ufumu wa Khmer]]. Malo agha ghali na nyumba zikuru, mizati, vikozgo na makhoma ghakudulika agho ghakulongora luso lwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Khmer people|Khmer]]. Angkor Wat yikaŵa malo ghakusoperamo gha [[Hinduism|Chihindu]] ndipo pamanyuma yikagwiliskirika ntchito na ŵanthu ŵa [[Buddhism|Chibuda]]. Nyumba iyi yikuzingilizgika na maji na thengele, ndipo chithuzithuzi chake chikuwoneka makora para nyumba yikujira mu maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyumba, vikozgo, mathanga na malo ghakale. [[Angkor Wat]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakale zakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Angkor Wat|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> f529ls90qtj8fne9sdevy2b92os032z 4 48832 120126 2026-08-26T13:27:38Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni mzinda wakale mu [[Jordan]] uwo ukadumulika mu [[mwala wa sandstone]] pakati pa mapiri na mphanga. [[Nabataeans|Ŵanthu ŵa Nabataean]] ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi mu mwala, ndipo malo agha ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa pa malonda gha nyengo yakale. [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakumanyikwa chomene, ndipo yili na khoma likuru lakudumulika mu mwala. Msewu wakunthowa..." 120126 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni mzinda wakale mu [[Jordan]] uwo ukadumulika mu [[mwala wa sandstone]] pakati pa mapiri na mphanga. [[Nabataeans|Ŵanthu ŵa Nabataean]] ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi mu mwala, ndipo malo agha ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa pa malonda gha nyengo yakale. [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakumanyikwa chomene, ndipo yili na khoma likuru lakudumulika mu mwala. Msewu wakunthowa mu mphanga ya [[Siq]] ukuya ku nyumba iyi na ku malo ghanyake gha mzinda wakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Petra kuwona nyumba zakale, mphanga, mapiri na malo ghakudumulika mu mwala. [[Petra]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha mdauko pa charu. ([[Petra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jkqyq3un97xvbzq0harrfxyuobu2fo9 120160 120126 2026-08-26T13:53:22Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/18]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/18]] without leaving a redirect 120126 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Petra Jordan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Petra]]''' ni mzinda wakale mu [[Jordan]] uwo ukadumulika mu [[mwala wa sandstone]] pakati pa mapiri na mphanga. [[Nabataeans|Ŵanthu ŵa Nabataean]] ŵakazenga nyumba zinandi mu mwala, ndipo malo agha ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa pa malonda gha nyengo yakale. [[Al-Khazneh|Al-Khazneh]] ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakumanyikwa chomene, ndipo yili na khoma likuru lakudumulika mu mwala. Msewu wakunthowa mu mphanga ya [[Siq]] ukuya ku nyumba iyi na ku malo ghanyake gha mzinda wakale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku Petra kuwona nyumba zakale, mphanga, mapiri na malo ghakudumulika mu mwala. [[Petra]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha mdauko pa charu. ([[Petra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jkqyq3un97xvbzq0harrfxyuobu2fo9 4 48833 120127 2026-08-26T13:28:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1 Victoria Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Chipopoma cha Victoria]]''' ni chipopoma chikuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa mwala mu mtunda utali ndipo ghakupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali. Ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi ŵakuchichema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung'anamura kuti “Utsi uwo ukuwomba.” Malo agha ghali na..." 120127 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1 Victoria Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Chipopoma cha Victoria]]''' ni chipopoma chikuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa mwala mu mtunda utali ndipo ghakupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali. Ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi ŵakuchichema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung'anamura kuti “Utsi uwo ukuwomba.” Malo agha ghali na [[thengele]], miziŵa na vinyama vinandi, ndipo ghali mu [[Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park]] na [[Victoria Falls National Park]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona chipopoma, kwenda mu malo ghakuwonerako na kuwona [[mlengalenga]] wa maji. [[Victoria Falls]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa vipopoma vikuru chomene pa charu. ([[Victoria Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9q77vcag6ppk6hys09r21n40dxhkkb3 120161 120127 2026-08-26T13:54:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/21]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/21]] without leaving a redirect 120127 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1 Victoria Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Chipopoma cha Victoria]]''' ni chipopoma chikuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa mwala mu mtunda utali ndipo ghakupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali. Ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi ŵakuchichema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung'anamura kuti “Utsi uwo ukuwomba.” Malo agha ghali na [[thengele]], miziŵa na vinyama vinandi, ndipo ghali mu [[Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park]] na [[Victoria Falls National Park]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona chipopoma, kwenda mu malo ghakuwonerako na kuwona [[mlengalenga]] wa maji. [[Victoria Falls]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa vipopoma vikuru chomene pa charu. ([[Victoria Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9q77vcag6ppk6hys09r21n40dxhkkb3 4 48834 120128 2026-08-26T13:29:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ULURU.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Uluru]]''' ni mwala mukuru wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] uwo uli pakati pa [[Australia]], mu [[Northern Territory]]. Mwala uwu ukunyamuka pachanya pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mchenga na thengele ndipo ukuŵa na mtundu wakufipa uwo ukusintha para ungweru wa [[zuŵa]] ukusintha. [[Uluru]] ni malo ghakupatulika kwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Anangu]], awo ŵali na ubwezi wakale chomene na malo agha. Chiga..." 120128 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ULURU.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Uluru]]''' ni mwala mukuru wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] uwo uli pakati pa [[Australia]], mu [[Northern Territory]]. Mwala uwu ukunyamuka pachanya pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mchenga na thengele ndipo ukuŵa na mtundu wakufipa uwo ukusintha para ungweru wa [[zuŵa]] ukusintha. [[Uluru]] ni malo ghakupatulika kwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Anangu]], awo ŵali na ubwezi wakale chomene na malo agha. Chigaŵa ichi chili mu [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park]], umo muli vinyama, vyakumera na malo ghanyake gha miyala. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mwala kufuma kutali, kusambira vya mdauko wa ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi na kuwona [[chilengiwa]]. [[Uluru]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Australia. ([[Uluru|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 7y12yzys6z7duwls74unnccg45clsmh 120162 120128 2026-08-26T13:54:50Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/22]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/22]] without leaving a redirect 120128 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ULURU.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Uluru]]''' ni mwala mukuru wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] uwo uli pakati pa [[Australia]], mu [[Northern Territory]]. Mwala uwu ukunyamuka pachanya pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mchenga na thengele ndipo ukuŵa na mtundu wakufipa uwo ukusintha para ungweru wa [[zuŵa]] ukusintha. [[Uluru]] ni malo ghakupatulika kwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Anangu]], awo ŵali na ubwezi wakale chomene na malo agha. Chigaŵa ichi chili mu [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park]], umo muli vinyama, vyakumera na malo ghanyake gha miyala. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mwala kufuma kutali, kusambira vya mdauko wa ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi na kuwona [[chilengiwa]]. [[Uluru]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Australia. ([[Uluru|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 7y12yzys6z7duwls74unnccg45clsmh 4 48835 120129 2026-08-26T13:29:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima, Venezuela (12372580564).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima]]''' ni phiri likuru la mwala ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Pachanya pa phiri ili pali malo ghapambalala gha mwala agho ghazingilizgika na makhoma ghakuthwa chomene. [[Mount Roraima]] yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Shield]] ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vyapadera, maji na [[vipopoma]] ivyo vikugwa kufuma pach..." 120129 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima, Venezuela (12372580564).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima]]''' ni phiri likuru la mwala ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Pachanya pa phiri ili pali malo ghapambalala gha mwala agho ghazingilizgika na makhoma ghakuthwa chomene. [[Mount Roraima]] yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Shield]] ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vyapadera, maji na [[vipopoma]] ivyo vikugwa kufuma pachanya pa makhoma gha phiri. Mvula yikuru yikupangiska maji ghanandi pa phiri ndipo ghakupanga miziŵa na nthowa za maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kukwera phiri, kuwona [[chilengiwa]] na kuwona malo ghakuru gha mwala pachanya. Mount Roraima ni yimoza mwa mapiri ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. ([[Mount Roraima|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> io0ma6mua3yluuwygegeunfn5kllpn1 120163 120129 2026-08-26T13:54:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/23]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/23]] without leaving a redirect 120129 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima, Venezuela (12372580564).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima]]''' ni phiri likuru la mwala ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Pachanya pa phiri ili pali malo ghapambalala gha mwala agho ghazingilizgika na makhoma ghakuthwa chomene. [[Mount Roraima]] yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Shield]] ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vyapadera, maji na [[vipopoma]] ivyo vikugwa kufuma pachanya pa makhoma gha phiri. Mvula yikuru yikupangiska maji ghanandi pa phiri ndipo ghakupanga miziŵa na nthowa za maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kukwera phiri, kuwona [[chilengiwa]] na kuwona malo ghakuru gha mwala pachanya. Mount Roraima ni yimoza mwa mapiri ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. ([[Mount Roraima|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> io0ma6mua3yluuwygegeunfn5kllpn1 4 48836 120130 2026-08-26T13:29:07Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Centennial Dragon blood trees at dawn on Firmhin Plateau, Socotra, Yemen (16678684240).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa mu [[Yemen]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[chilengiwa]] chapadera chomene. Pa chirwa ichi pali mitundu ya vyakumera iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera, kusazgapo [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe nga ni mphasoloti. [[Firmhin Plateau]] ni malo agho gh..." 120130 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Centennial Dragon blood trees at dawn on Firmhin Plateau, Socotra, Yemen (16678684240).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa mu [[Yemen]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[chilengiwa]] chapadera chomene. Pa chirwa ichi pali mitundu ya vyakumera iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera, kusazgapo [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe nga ni mphasoloti. [[Firmhin Plateau]] ni malo agho ghali na makuni ghanandi agha, ndipo mapiri na malo ghakupambanapambana ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera. Socotra yili na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi ivyo vyasinthika chifukwa cha kulekana kwa chirwa ichi na malo ghanyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, mapiri, mumphepete mwa nyanja na vyakumera vya pachanya pa chirwa. [[Socotra]] yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo chilengiwa chake chiliri chapadera pa charu. ([[Socotra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o9gza8ys22icyhnitbx8lmgygvk7vb9 120164 120130 2026-08-26T13:55:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/24]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/24]] without leaving a redirect 120130 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Centennial Dragon blood trees at dawn on Firmhin Plateau, Socotra, Yemen (16678684240).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa mu [[Yemen]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[chilengiwa]] chapadera chomene. Pa chirwa ichi pali mitundu ya vyakumera iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera, kusazgapo [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe nga ni mphasoloti. [[Firmhin Plateau]] ni malo agho ghali na makuni ghanandi agha, ndipo mapiri na malo ghakupambanapambana ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera. Socotra yili na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi ivyo vyasinthika chifukwa cha kulekana kwa chirwa ichi na malo ghanyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, mapiri, mumphepete mwa nyanja na vyakumera vya pachanya pa chirwa. [[Socotra]] yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo chilengiwa chake chiliri chapadera pa charu. ([[Socotra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o9gza8ys22icyhnitbx8lmgygvk7vb9 4 48837 120131 2026-08-26T13:29:16Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphang..." 120131 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 120166 120131 2026-08-26T13:55:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/26]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/26]] without leaving a redirect 120131 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 4 48838 120132 2026-08-26T13:29:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphang..." 120132 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 120167 120132 2026-08-26T13:55:49Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/27]] to [[Wikipedia:Maloghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27]] without leaving a redirect 120132 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 120171 120167 2026-08-26T13:56:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Maloghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/27]] without leaving a redirect 120132 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 4 48839 120133 2026-08-26T13:29:45Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphang..." 120133 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 120168 120133 2026-08-26T13:56:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/28]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/28]] without leaving a redirect 120133 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> k9hkzz1t7x4mdbeyen8hxtniq95mhdg 4 48840 120134 2026-08-26T13:30:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namibia]] agho ghali na mapiri ghakuru gha [[mchenga]] mu [[Namib Desert]]. Pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga pali malo gha dongo na mchere agho ghakumanyikwa kuti ghali na makuni ghakufwa gha [[Acacia erioloba]]. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha mtundu wakufipa wa mchenga na mtundu utuŵa wa dongo. [[Tsauchab River]] yikafika..." 120134 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namibia]] agho ghali na mapiri ghakuru gha [[mchenga]] mu [[Namib Desert]]. Pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga pali malo gha dongo na mchere agho ghakumanyikwa kuti ghali na makuni ghakufwa gha [[Acacia erioloba]]. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha mtundu wakufipa wa mchenga na mtundu utuŵa wa dongo. [[Tsauchab River]] yikafika ku Sossusvlei mu nyengo ya vula yikuru, kweni nyengo zinandi malo agha ghakukhalanga ghakawuma. [[Dune 45]] na [[Big Daddy]] ni limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kukwera mapiri gha mchenga na kujambula vithuzithuzi. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> casyhl92w45mrf8lyw9ngzdxich6d74 120169 120134 2026-08-26T13:56:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/29]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/29]] without leaving a redirect 120134 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namibia]] agho ghali na mapiri ghakuru gha [[mchenga]] mu [[Namib Desert]]. Pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga pali malo gha dongo na mchere agho ghakumanyikwa kuti ghali na makuni ghakufwa gha [[Acacia erioloba]]. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha mtundu wakufipa wa mchenga na mtundu utuŵa wa dongo. [[Tsauchab River]] yikafika ku Sossusvlei mu nyengo ya vula yikuru, kweni nyengo zinandi malo agha ghakukhalanga ghakawuma. [[Dune 45]] na [[Big Daddy]] ni limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kukwera mapiri gha mchenga na kujambula vithuzithuzi. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> casyhl92w45mrf8lyw9ngzdxich6d74 4 48841 120135 2026-08-26T13:30:32Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon in Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yitali ya mwala wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] kufupi na [[Page, Arizona]] mu [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji gha vula na mphepo vikadumulira mwala kwa nyengo zinandi ndipo vikapangiska makhoma ghakupindapinda agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. Para [[ungweru]] wa zuŵa ukunjira mu mphanga, makhoma gha mwala ghakuwoneka na m..." 120135 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon in Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yitali ya mwala wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] kufupi na [[Page, Arizona]] mu [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji gha vula na mphepo vikadumulira mwala kwa nyengo zinandi ndipo vikapangiska makhoma ghakupindapinda agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. Para [[ungweru]] wa zuŵa ukunjira mu mphanga, makhoma gha mwala ghakuwoneka na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya orange, red na brown. Mphanga iyi yili pa malo gha ŵanthu ŵa [[Navajo people|Navajo]], ndipo yili na vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru, [[Upper Antelope Canyon]] na [[Lower Antelope Canyon]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makhoma gha mwala na ungweru uwo ukunthira mu mphanga. [[Antelope Canyon]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene gha chilengiwa mu Arizona. ([[Antelope Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 11rgtb3drhrekptjq8d5kd3g2m2duk6 120170 120135 2026-08-26T13:56:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/30]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/30]] without leaving a redirect 120135 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon in Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yitali ya mwala wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] kufupi na [[Page, Arizona]] mu [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji gha vula na mphepo vikadumulira mwala kwa nyengo zinandi ndipo vikapangiska makhoma ghakupindapinda agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. Para [[ungweru]] wa zuŵa ukunjira mu mphanga, makhoma gha mwala ghakuwoneka na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya orange, red na brown. Mphanga iyi yili pa malo gha ŵanthu ŵa [[Navajo people|Navajo]], ndipo yili na vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru, [[Upper Antelope Canyon]] na [[Lower Antelope Canyon]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makhoma gha mwala na ungweru uwo ukunthira mu mphanga. [[Antelope Canyon]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene gha chilengiwa mu Arizona. ([[Antelope Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 11rgtb3drhrekptjq8d5kd3g2m2duk6 4 48842 120136 2026-08-26T13:31:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MountFuji.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri lakubuka moto mu [[Japan]] ndipo ni phiri litali chomene mu charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha mtondo uwo ukukwera kuchanya ndipo nyengo zinandi pachanya pake pakuŵa [[snow|chipale]]. [[Mount Fuji]] yili pafupi na [[Tokyo]] ndipo yikuwoneka kufuma ku malo ghakupambanapambana mu chigaŵa cha [[Honshu]]. Phiri ili ndakuzirwa mu Japanese..." 120136 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MountFuji.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri lakubuka moto mu [[Japan]] ndipo ni phiri litali chomene mu charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha mtondo uwo ukukwera kuchanya ndipo nyengo zinandi pachanya pake pakuŵa [[snow|chipale]]. [[Mount Fuji]] yili pafupi na [[Tokyo]] ndipo yikuwoneka kufuma ku malo ghakupambanapambana mu chigaŵa cha [[Honshu]]. Phiri ili ndakuzirwa mu [[Japanese culture|chikhalilo cha Japan]], ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵali kulipanga mu vithuzithuzi, maluso na mabuku. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona phiri, kukwera mu nyengo yakwenera na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa icho chazingilizgika na nyanja na mapiri. [[Mount Fuji]] ni chimoza mwa vimanyikwiro vikuru chomene vya [[Japan]] ndipo ni limoza mwa mapiri ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Mount Fuji|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5u4ecur8pvcwrky30zmgysdvp1x3rlg 120144 120136 2026-08-26T13:43:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/4]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/4]] without leaving a redirect 120136 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MountFuji.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Fuji|Phiri la Fuji]]''' ni phiri lakubuka moto mu [[Japan]] ndipo ni phiri litali chomene mu charu ichi. Phiri ili lili na mawonekedwe gha mtondo uwo ukukwera kuchanya ndipo nyengo zinandi pachanya pake pakuŵa [[snow|chipale]]. [[Mount Fuji]] yili pafupi na [[Tokyo]] ndipo yikuwoneka kufuma ku malo ghakupambanapambana mu chigaŵa cha [[Honshu]]. Phiri ili ndakuzirwa mu [[Japanese culture|chikhalilo cha Japan]], ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵali kulipanga mu vithuzithuzi, maluso na mabuku. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona phiri, kukwera mu nyengo yakwenera na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha chigaŵa icho chazingilizgika na nyanja na mapiri. [[Mount Fuji]] ni chimoza mwa vimanyikwiro vikuru chomene vya [[Japan]] ndipo ni limoza mwa mapiri ghakumanyikwa chomene pa charu. ([[Mount Fuji|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5u4ecur8pvcwrky30zmgysdvp1x3rlg 4 48843 120137 2026-08-26T13:31:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo n..." 120137 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo na chipale kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska makhoma ghakuthwa. Mu nyengo ya chilimwe ŵanthu ŵakiza kwenda mu mapiri, ndipo mu nyengo ya chiphalale malo agha ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa maseŵero gha pa chiphalale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, thengele na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Dolomites]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwake na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa. ([[Dolomites|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mntkjyajp3t833snsh736zfl3tue6yo 120142 120137 2026-08-26T13:42:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/2]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/2]] without leaving a redirect 120137 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo na chipale kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska makhoma ghakuthwa. Mu nyengo ya chilimwe ŵanthu ŵakiza kwenda mu mapiri, ndipo mu nyengo ya chiphalale malo agha ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa maseŵero gha pa chiphalale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, thengele na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Dolomites]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwake na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa. ([[Dolomites|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mntkjyajp3t833snsh736zfl3tue6yo 4 48844 120138 2026-08-26T13:31:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo n..." 120138 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo na chipale kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska makhoma ghakuthwa. Mu nyengo ya chilimwe ŵanthu ŵakiza kwenda mu mapiri, ndipo mu nyengo ya chiphalale malo agha ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa maseŵero gha pa chiphalale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, thengele na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Dolomites]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwake na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa. ([[Dolomites|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mntkjyajp3t833snsh736zfl3tue6yo 120140 120138 2026-08-26T13:41:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Sekutembala/1]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Sekutembala/1]] without leaving a redirect 120138 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dolomites Italy.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dolomites|Mapiri gha Dolomites]]''' ni gulu la mapiri ghakuthwa mu kumpoto kwa [[Italy]] agho ghali na mizati ya mwala, mapiri ghakuru na malo gha nyanja na thengele. Mapiri agha ghali mu [[Southern Limestone Alps]] ndipo ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ghake ghakupambanapambana. [[Dolomites]] ghakapangika chomene na mwala wa [[dolomite]], ndipo kudumulika kwa maji, mphepo na chipale kwa nyengo zinandi kukapangiska makhoma ghakuthwa. Mu nyengo ya chilimwe ŵanthu ŵakiza kwenda mu mapiri, ndipo mu nyengo ya chiphalale malo agha ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa maseŵero gha pa chiphalale. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, thengele na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Dolomites]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha kutowa kwake na kuzirwa kwa chilengiwa. ([[Dolomites|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mntkjyajp3t833snsh736zfl3tue6yo 4 48845 120188 2026-08-26T14:05:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuzizwiska/Ogasiti/25]] to [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/25]] 120188 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Malo ghakuziziswa/Ogasiti/25]] a5jj5izkzb6m4etv96whq9mh51xqvjv 4 48846 120209 2026-08-26T18:51:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1 Victoria Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Chipopoma cha Victoria]]''' ni chipopoma chikuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa mwala mu mtunda utali ndipo ghakupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali. Ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi ŵakuchichema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung'anamura kuti “Utsi uwo ukuwomba.” Malo agha ghali na..." 120209 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1 Victoria Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Victoria Falls|Chipopoma cha Victoria]]''' ni chipopoma chikuru pa [[Zambezi River|Mlonga wa Zambezi]] pa mphaka wa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma pachanya pa mwala mu mtunda utali ndipo ghakupanga nkhungu yikuru iyo yikuwoneka kutali. Ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi ŵakuchichema kuti [[Mosi-oa-Tunya]], kung'anamura kuti “Utsi uwo ukuwomba.” Malo agha ghali na [[thengele]], miziŵa na vinyama vinandi, ndipo ghali mu [[Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park]] na [[Victoria Falls National Park]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona chipopoma, kwenda mu malo ghakuwonerako na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha maji. [[Victoria Falls]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa vipopoma vikuru chomene pa charu. ([[Victoria Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4szddstdod0gkkeqtf4cdjf8pao4skc 4 48847 120210 2026-08-26T18:51:26Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ULURU.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Uluru]]''' ni mwala mukuru wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] uwo uli pakati pa [[Australia]], mu [[Northern Territory]]. Mwala uwu ukunyamuka pachanya pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mchenga na thengele ndipo ukuŵa na mtundu wakufipa uwo ukusintha para ungweru wa [[zuŵa]] ukusintha. [[Uluru]] ni malo ghakupatulika kwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Anangu]], awo ŵali na ubwezi wakale chomene na malo agha. Chiga..." 120210 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ULURU.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Uluru]]''' ni mwala mukuru wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] uwo uli pakati pa [[Australia]], mu [[Northern Territory]]. Mwala uwu ukunyamuka pachanya pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mchenga na thengele ndipo ukuŵa na mtundu wakufipa uwo ukusintha para ungweru wa [[zuŵa]] ukusintha. [[Uluru]] ni malo ghakupatulika kwa ŵanthu ŵa [[Anangu]], awo ŵali na ubwezi wakale chomene na malo agha. Chigaŵa ichi chili mu [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park]], umo muli vinyama, vyakumera na malo ghanyake gha miyala. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mwala kufuma kutali, kusambira vya mdauko wa ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi na kuwona [[chilengiwa]]. [[Uluru]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Australia. ([[Uluru|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qs8skk4kveceiskg1cx51wmf7hxa544 4 48848 120211 2026-08-26T18:51:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima, Venezuela (12372580564).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima]]''' ni phiri likuru la mwala ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Pachanya pa phiri ili pali malo ghapambalala gha mwala agho ghazingilizgika na makhoma ghakuthwa chomene. [[Mount Roraima]] yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Shield]] ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vyapadera, maji na [[vipopoma]] ivyo vikugwa kufuma pach..." 120211 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Roraima, Venezuela (12372580564).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Roraima]]''' ni phiri likuru la mwala ilo lili pa mphaka wa [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]] na [[Brazil]]. Pachanya pa phiri ili pali malo ghapambalala gha mwala agho ghazingilizgika na makhoma ghakuthwa chomene. [[Mount Roraima]] yili mu chigaŵa cha [[Guiana Shield]] ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vyapadera, maji na [[vipopoma]] ivyo vikugwa kufuma pachanya pa makhoma gha phiri. Mvula yikuru yikupangiska maji ghanandi pa phiri ndipo ghakupanga miziŵa na nthowa za maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kukwera phiri, kuwona [[chilengiwa]] na kuwona malo ghakuru gha mwala pachanya. Mount Roraima ni yimoza mwa mapiri ghakupambanapambana chomene pa charu. ([[Mount Roraima|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qvytyz68nklox0fy50cjvcbemjhu8xe 4 48849 120212 2026-08-26T18:51:44Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Centennial Dragon blood trees at dawn on Firmhin Plateau, Socotra, Yemen (16678684240).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa mu [[Yemen]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[chilengiwa]] chapadera chomene. Pa chirwa ichi pali mitundu ya vyakumera iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera, kusazgapo [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. [[Firmhin Plateau]] ni malo agho ghali na m..." 120212 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Centennial Dragon blood trees at dawn on Firmhin Plateau, Socotra, Yemen (16678684240).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Socotra]]''' ni chirwa mu [[Yemen]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[chilengiwa]] chapadera chomene. Pa chirwa ichi pali mitundu ya vyakumera iyo yikusangika ku Socotra pera, kusazgapo [[Dracaena cinnabari|makuni gha dragon blood]] agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. [[Firmhin Plateau]] ni malo agho ghali na makuni ghanandi agha, ndipo mapiri na malo ghakupambanapambana ghakupanga chithuzithuzi chapadera. Socotra yili na [[vinyama]] na vyakumera vinandi ivyo vyasinthika chifukwa cha kulekana kwa chirwa ichi na malo ghanyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makuni, mapiri, mumphepete mwa nyanja na vyakumera vya pachanya pa chirwa. [[Socotra]] yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo chilengiwa chake chiliri chapadera pa charu. ([[Socotra|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0zu5qrfz5m9l4ox1n86v1vf6j47dby6 4 48850 120213 2026-08-26T18:52:05Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphang..." 120213 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cappadocia in Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cappadocia]]''' ni chigaŵa chakutowa mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mizati ya mwala iyo yikupangika nga ni nyumba zitali. Malo agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha [[volcanic ash|fuvu la mapiri]] ilo likazgoka mwala ndipo pamanyuma [[erosion|kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo]] kukapangiska mawonekedwe agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Göreme National Park]], mphanga na nyumba izo zikadumulika mu mwala. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakagwiliskira ntchito mphanga izi kuŵa nyumba, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu na malo ghakusoperamo. Mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mizati, mphanga, matchalitchi ghakale na malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Cappadocia]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. ([[Cappadocia|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5dk7wa0i3b5he8j6s2judx5452918fq 4 48851 120214 2026-08-26T18:52:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namibia]] agho ghali na mapiri ghakuru gha [[mchenga]] mu [[Namib Desert]]. Pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga pali malo gha dongo na mchere agho ghakumanyikwa kuti ghali na makuni gha [[Acacia erioloba]]. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha mtundu wakufipa wa mchenga na mtundu utuŵa wa dongo. [[Tsauchab River]] yikafika ku Sossus..." 120214 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sossusvlei.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sossusvlei]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namibia]] agho ghali na mapiri ghakuru gha [[mchenga]] mu [[Namib Desert]]. Pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga pali malo gha dongo na mchere agho ghakumanyikwa kuti ghali na makuni gha [[Acacia erioloba]]. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghakupambanapambana chifukwa cha mtundu wakufipa wa mchenga na mtundu utuŵa wa dongo. [[Tsauchab River]] yikafika ku Sossusvlei mu nyengo ya vula yikuru, kweni nyengo zinandi malo agha ghakukhalanga ghakawuma. [[Dune 45]] na [[Big Daddy]] ni limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona [[chilengiwa]], kukwera mapiri gha mchenga na kujambula vithuzithuzi. ([[Sossusvlei|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> m5j7adbj773yr11dbw8cfvjbnoxavh5 4 48852 120215 2026-08-26T18:52:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon in Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yitali ya mwala wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] kufupi na [[Page, Arizona]] mu [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji gha vula na mphepo vikadumulira mwala kwa nyengo zinandi ndipo vikapangiska makhoma ghakupindapinda agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. Para [[ungweru]] wa zuŵa ukunjira mu mphanga, makhoma gha mwala ghakuwoneka na m..." 120215 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Antelope Canyon in Arizona.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Antelope Canyon]]''' ni mphanga yitali ya mwala wa [[sandstone|sandstone]] kufupi na [[Page, Arizona]] mu [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji gha vula na mphepo vikadumulira mwala kwa nyengo zinandi ndipo vikapangiska makhoma ghakupindapinda agho ghali na mawonekedwe ghapadera. Para [[ungweru]] wa zuŵa ukunjira mu mphanga, makhoma gha mwala ghakuwoneka na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya orange, red na brown. Mphanga iyi yili pa malo gha ŵanthu ŵa [[Navajo people|Navajo]], ndipo yili na vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru, [[Upper Antelope Canyon]] na [[Lower Antelope Canyon]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makhoma gha mwala na ungweru uwo ukunthira mu mphanga. [[Antelope Canyon]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene gha chilengiwa mu Arizona. ([[Antelope Canyon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbala mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 50zh8rzp342wjwbsk6y9dg0staonw79 4 48853 120216 2026-08-26T18:53:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Bled, Slovenia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja ya Bled]]''' ni nyanja yakutowa mu [[Slovenia]] iyo yili pakati pa mapiri na thengele. Pakati pa nyanja pali [[Bled Island]], uko kuli nyumba yakale ya [[Pilgrimage Church of the Assumption of Maria|tchalitchi]], ndipo pachanya pa phiri pafupi na nyanja pali [[Bled Castle]]. Maji gha nyanja ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri gha [[Julian Alps]], agho ghakupanga malo g..." 120216 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Bled, Slovenia.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Bled|Nyanja ya Bled]]''' ni nyanja yakutowa mu [[Slovenia]] iyo yili pakati pa mapiri na thengele. Pakati pa nyanja pali [[Bled Island]], uko kuli nyumba yakale ya [[Pilgrimage Church of the Assumption of Maria|tchalitchi]], ndipo pachanya pa phiri pafupi na nyanja pali [[Bled Castle]]. Maji gha nyanja ghakuzingilizgika na mapiri gha [[Julian Alps]], agho ghakupanga malo ghakutowa chomene. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona chirwa, kwenda pa maboti, kuwona nyumba yakale na kwenda mumphepete mwa nyanja. Para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, mapiri na chirwa vikuwoneka mu maji. [[Lake Bled]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Slovenia]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja, chirwa, nyumba na [[chilengiwa]] chake. ([[Lake Bled|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2jpqazg3fvypnmh9rke58nzc020on1f 14 48854 120217 2026-08-26T18:53:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Iguazu Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la vipopoma ivyo vina maji ghanandi chomene pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mlonga na kupangiska vipopoma vinandi, nkhungu na chiwawa cha maji. Chigaŵa ichi chazingilizgika na [[thengele]] yikuru iyo yili na [[vinyama]] na [[vyakumera]] vinandi...." 120217 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Iguazu Falls.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]]''' ni gulu la vipopoma ivyo vina maji ghanandi chomene pa [[Iguazu River|Mlonga wa Iguazú]] pa mphaka wa [[Argentina]] na [[Brazil]]. Maji ghakugwa kufuma mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mlonga na kupangiska vipopoma vinandi, nkhungu na chiwawa cha maji. Chigaŵa ichi chazingilizgika na [[thengele]] yikuru iyo yili na [[vinyama]] na [[vyakumera]] vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona vipopoma kufuma ku vigaŵa vya [[Iguazú National Park]] na [[Iguaçu National Park]], uko ŵangawona maji kufuma pafupi na kutali. [[Iguazu Falls|Chipopoma cha Iguazú]] ni chimoza mwa vipopoma vikuru na vyakuzizwiska chomene pa charu ndipo chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha unandi wa maji na unandi wa vipopoma ivyo vili pa malo ghamoza. ([[Iguazu Falls|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mwfe5qru22xtc66xur16z7h1svd6t0d 4 48855 120218 2026-08-26T18:55:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] agho ghali na malo ghatuŵa gha mwala wa [[travertine]] na maji ghakufunda agho ghakufuma mu mapiri. Maji agha ghali na vinthu vya mchere ndipo para ghakwenda pa mumphepete mwa phiri ghakusida mchere uwo ukupanga madamu na malo ghakupindapinda. Kufupi na malo agha pali mabwinja gha [[Hierapolis]], mzinda wakale uwo ukaŵa..." 120218 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pamukkale Turkey.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pamukkale]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Turkey|Türkiye]] agho ghali na malo ghatuŵa gha mwala wa [[travertine]] na maji ghakufunda agho ghakufuma mu mapiri. Maji agha ghali na vinthu vya mchere ndipo para ghakwenda pa mumphepete mwa phiri ghakusida mchere uwo ukupanga madamu na malo ghakupindapinda. Kufupi na malo agha pali mabwinja gha [[Hierapolis]], mzinda wakale uwo ukaŵa na malo ghakufundamo gha maji. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakizanga ku Hierapolis chifukwa cha maji agha, ndipo mazuŵa ghano ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona travertine, maji na mabwinja. [[Pamukkale]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Türkiye. Kutowa kwa malo agha kukufuma ku kusangana kwa maji, mchere, mwala na [[chilengiwa]]. ([[Pamukkale|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ck17oug2hhauh7vxx8xdcdpbq4ny1wl 4 48856 120219 2026-08-26T18:55:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ha Long Bay.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ha Long Bay|Nyanja ya Ha Long]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Vietnam]] agho ghali na visumbu vinandi vya mwala ivyo vikunyamuka mu [[nyanja]]. Visumbu ivi vili na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana ndipo vinyake vili na mphanga, thengele na vyakumera. Maji gha nyanja ghakuzingilizga visumbu vinandi ndipo maboti ghakwenda pakati pa malo agha. [[Ha Long Bay]] yili na malo ghakupambanapamba..." 120219 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ha Long Bay.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ha Long Bay|Nyanja ya Ha Long]]''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Vietnam]] agho ghali na visumbu vinandi vya mwala ivyo vikunyamuka mu [[nyanja]]. Visumbu ivi vili na mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana ndipo vinyake vili na mphanga, thengele na vyakumera. Maji gha nyanja ghakuzingilizga visumbu vinandi ndipo maboti ghakwenda pakati pa malo agha. [[Ha Long Bay]] yili na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kusangana kwa nyanja, mwala na vyakumera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti kuwona visumbu, mphanga na malo ghakuwonerako. Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa chakuzirwa pa mdauko na chikhalilo cha [[Vietnam]], kweniso chili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. [[Ha Long Bay]] ni limoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene gha ku [[Southeast Asia|kumwera kwa Asia]]. ([[Ha Long Bay|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> n35ptgixzsucf0bj2w6h4cmwumubr00 4 48857 120220 2026-08-26T18:55:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park]]''' ni malo gha mapiri mu [[China]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya mwala iyo yikunyamuka pachanya pa [[thengele]]. Makhoma gha mwala agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo kwa nyengo zinandi, ndipo ghakupanga mawonekedwe ghapadera chomene. Mu malo agha muli vyakumera vinandi, miziŵa, mphanga na vinyama. Para..." 120220 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park]]''' ni malo gha mapiri mu [[China]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya mwala iyo yikunyamuka pachanya pa [[thengele]]. Makhoma gha mwala agha ghakapangika chifukwa cha kudumulika kwa maji na mphepo kwa nyengo zinandi, ndipo ghakupanga mawonekedwe ghapadera chomene. Mu malo agha muli vyakumera vinandi, miziŵa, mphanga na vinyama. Para nkhungu yikuphimba mapiri, mizati ya mwala yikuwoneka nga ni yikuyandama mu mlengalenga. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri, kwenda mu nthowa na kugwiliskira ntchito malo ghakuwonerako. [[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park]] yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mizati yake ya mwala na [[chilengiwa]] chake, ndipo chigaŵa ichi ni chimoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana gha mapiri mu [[China]]. ([[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g4vri1f3dcdn4ypnffjv4tmpcdzcgnp 4 48858 120221 2026-08-26T18:55:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torres del Paine National Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park]]''' ni paki ya charu mu [[Chile]] iyo yili na mapiri ghakuthwa, miziŵa ya chiphalale, nyanja, miziŵa na thengele. [[Torres del Paine]] ni mizati yikuru ya mwala iyo yikunyamuka pachanya pa malo gha mapiri ndipo yikupanga chithuzithuzi chakumanyikwa chomene. Mu paki iyi muli [[vinyama]] nga ni [[guanaco]], [[puma]] na mitundu yinandi..." 120221 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torres del Paine National Park.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Torres del Paine National Park]]''' ni paki ya charu mu [[Chile]] iyo yili na mapiri ghakuthwa, miziŵa ya chiphalale, nyanja, miziŵa na thengele. [[Torres del Paine]] ni mizati yikuru ya mwala iyo yikunyamuka pachanya pa malo gha mapiri ndipo yikupanga chithuzithuzi chakumanyikwa chomene. Mu paki iyi muli [[vinyama]] nga ni [[guanaco]], [[puma]] na mitundu yinandi ya tuyuni. Maji ghakufuma mu mapiri na miziŵa ya chiphalale ghakupanga nyanja na mlonga, ndipo malo agha ghali na vyakumera vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri, kuwona nyanja na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Patagonia]]. [[Torres del Paine National Park]] ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene gha [[South America|kumwera kwa America]] ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha mapiri ghake ghakupambanapambana. ([[Torres del Paine National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qrbznks80p00ms4s4jbyc7r11pbi1gx 4 48859 120222 2026-08-26T18:55:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Blue Hole.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Blue Hole]]''' ni dzenje likuru la maji mu [[Belize]] ilo lili pakati pa [[Lighthouse Reef]]. Dzenje ili lili na mawonekedwe gha chizunguliro ndipo maji ghake ghakuwoneka ghakufipa chomene pakati pa [[Caribbean Sea|Nyanja ya Caribbean]]. Likapangika apo mphanga ya mwala yikaŵa pasi pa maji, ndipo pamanyuma denga la mphanga likawa. Mumphepete mwa dzenje pali coral reef|mata..." 120222 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Blue Hole.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Blue Hole]]''' ni dzenje likuru la maji mu [[Belize]] ilo lili pakati pa [[Lighthouse Reef]]. Dzenje ili lili na mawonekedwe gha chizunguliro ndipo maji ghake ghakuwoneka ghakufipa chomene pakati pa [[Caribbean Sea|Nyanja ya Caribbean]]. Likapangika apo mphanga ya mwala yikaŵa pasi pa maji, ndipo pamanyuma denga la mphanga likawa. Mumphepete mwa dzenje pali [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] na vinyama vya mu [[nyanja]]. Ŵanthu ŵakiza ku malo agha chomene chifukwa cha [[diving|kusambira pasi pa maji]], uko ŵangawona makhoma gha mwala na vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Blue Hole]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha mu nyanja ndipo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wa maji na mawonekedwe ghake gha chizunguliro. ([[Great Blue Hole|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1uyaf5bwgljlcnqzcp2qp9urhy5cn7t 120223 120222 2026-08-26T18:56:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120223 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Blue Hole.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Blue Hole]]''' ni khululu likuru la maji mu [[Belize]] ilo lili pakati pa [[Lighthouse Reef]]. khululu ili lili na mawonekedwe gha chizunguliro ndipo maji ghake ghakuwoneka ghakufipa chomene pakati pa [[Caribbean Sea|Nyanja ya Caribbean]]. Likapangika apo mphanga ya mwala yikaŵa pasi pa maji, ndipo pamanyuma denga la mphanga likawa. Mumphepete mwa khululu pali [[coral reef|matanthwe gha korali]] na vinyama vya mu [[nyanja]]. Ŵanthu ŵakiza ku malo agha chomene chifukwa cha [[diving|kusambira pasi pa maji]], uko ŵangawona makhoma gha mwala na vinyama vya mu maji. [[Great Blue Hole]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha mu nyanja ndipo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wa maji na mawonekedwe ghake gha chizunguliro. ([[Great Blue Hole|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g0lehbb1ods58mf1v6j1iio3hztbsm5 4 48860 120224 2026-08-26T18:58:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja ya Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru mu [[Russia]] ndipo yili ku [[Siberia]]. Nyanja iyi yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji ghake ghawemi na vinyama ivyo vikusangika mwenemumo pera. [[Lake Baikal]] yili pakati pa mapiri na thengele ndipo yili na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Mu nyengo ya chando maji ghakuzizima ndipo chiphalale chingapanga mawoneked..." 120224 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Baikal.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Baikal|Nyanja ya Baikal]]''' ni nyanja yikuru mu [[Russia]] ndipo yili ku [[Siberia]]. Nyanja iyi yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji ghake ghawemi na vinyama ivyo vikusangika mwenemumo pera. [[Lake Baikal]] yili pakati pa mapiri na thengele ndipo yili na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Mu nyengo ya chando maji ghakuzizima ndipo chiphalale chingapanga mawonekedwe ghakupambanapambana pachanya pa nyanja. Nyanja iyi yili na [[Baikal seal|tuvinyama twa maji twa Baikal]] na mitundu yinandi ya somba na vinyama vinyake. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyanja, mapiri, thengele na chiphalale. [[Lake Baikal]] ni limoza mwa nyanja zakuzirwa chomene pa charu chifukwa cha kuya kwake, maji na unandi wa vinyama ivyo vikusangika mwenemumo. ([[Lake Baikal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jnx00nr96bgg0mjrrgrzs49h3gf40vo 4 48861 120225 2026-08-26T18:58:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Everest.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Everest|Phiri la Everest]]''' ni phiri litali chomene pa charu ndipo lili mu [[Himalayas|Mapiri gha Himalaya]] pa mphaka wa [[Nepal]] na [[China]]. Pachanya pa phiri pali [[chiphalale]] na chando nyengo zose, ndipo mapiri ghanyake ghakuru ghakuzingilizga chigaŵa ichi. [[Mount Everest]] yikukwera pachanya pa mapiri gha Himalaya ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha utali wake na kuŵ..." 120225 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Everest.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Everest|Phiri la Everest]]''' ni phiri litali chomene pa charu ndipo lili mu [[Himalayas|Mapiri gha Himalaya]] pa mphaka wa [[Nepal]] na [[China]]. Pachanya pa phiri pali [[chiphalale]] na chando nyengo zose, ndipo mapiri ghanyake ghakuru ghakuzingilizga chigaŵa ichi. [[Mount Everest]] yikukwera pachanya pa mapiri gha Himalaya ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha utali wake na kuŵa malo ghakukwana ŵanthu ŵakukwera mapiri kufuma mu vyaru vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ŵali na umanyi wakuzama wa mapiri, nyengo na nthowa zakukweramo. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona phiri, kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] cha [[Himalayas]]. [[Mount Everest]] ni chimoza mwa vimanyikwiro vikuru vya mapiri pa charu ndipo yikukopa ŵanthu chifukwa cha utali na mawonekedwe ghake. ([[Mount Everest|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pbwgtq47jj7i2ff4j0ocxou6x62t9k4 4 48862 120226 2026-08-26T19:01:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice lakes.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni paki ya charu mu [[Croatia]] iyo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja, vipopoma, mphanga na thengele. Mu paki iyi muli nyanja 16 izo zikulumikizikana mu nthowa za maji, ndipo maji ghakupanga vipopoma vinandi para ghakufuma mu nyanja yimoza kuya ku yinyake. Mitundu ya maji yingasintha kufuma ku blue kuya ku green pa..." 120226 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Plitvice lakes.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Nyanja za Plitvice]]''' ni paki ya charu mu [[Croatia]] iyo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha nyanja, vipopoma, mphanga na thengele. Mu paki iyi muli nyanja 16 izo zikulumikizikana mu nthowa za maji, ndipo maji ghakupanga vipopoma vinandi para ghakufuma mu nyanja yimoza kuya ku yinyake. Mitundu ya maji yingasintha kufuma ku blue kuya ku green panji grey chifukwa cha vinthu ivyo vili mu maji na ungweru wa [[zuŵa]]. Mumphepete mwa nyanja muli makuni ghanandi na vyakumera. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda mu nthowa za paki, kuwona vipopoma na kuwona [[chilengiwa]]. Paki iyi yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. ([[Plitvice Lakes National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6s13jbjetsf29eg5ja8pbuizlsdpkwz 4 48863 120227 2026-08-26T19:01:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Waitomo Cave.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Waitomo Glowworm Cave|Mphanga ya Waitomo ya Tuvinyama twa Ungweru]]''' ni mphanga ya mwala wa [[limestone]] ku [[New Zealand]] iyo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha tuvinyama uto tukupanga ungweru mu mdima. Tuvinyama utu ni [[Arachnocampa luminosa]], ndipo tukusangika ku New Zealand pera. Pachanya pa mphanga pali tuvinyama twavinandi uto tukuwala nga ni nyenyezi mu [[mlengalenga]] wa usiku. M..." 120227 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Waitomo Cave.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Waitomo Glowworm Cave|Mphanga ya Waitomo ya Tuvinyama twa Ungweru]]''' ni mphanga ya mwala wa [[limestone]] ku [[New Zealand]] iyo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha tuvinyama uto tukupanga ungweru mu mdima. Tuvinyama utu ni [[Arachnocampa luminosa]], ndipo tukusangika ku New Zealand pera. Pachanya pa mphanga pali tuvinyama twavinandi uto tukuwala nga ni nyenyezi mu [[mlengalenga]] wa usiku. Mkati mwa mphanga muli zipinda vikuru, maji na makhoma gha mwala agho ghakapangika kwa nyengo yitali. Ŵalendo ŵakiza ku malo agha pa maboti kuti ŵawone ungweru wa tuvinyama mu mdima. [[Waitomo Glowworm Cave]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha mu New Zealand ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha kusangana kwa mphanga, maji na chilengiwa chapadera. ([[Waitomo Glowworm Cave|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ga2xjdst9yda4jy7ls405wre9im9s9w 4 48864 120228 2026-08-26T19:01:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Daintree Rainforest.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Daintree Rainforest|Thengele ya Daintree]]''' ni thengele yikuru ya [[Australia]] mu chigaŵa cha [[Queensland]], ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vinandi na mdauko wake wakale. Chigaŵa ichi chili na mitundu yambura kuŵerengeka ya makuni, vyakumera, tuyuni, vinyama na vinyama vichoko. Thengele iyi ni chigaŵa cha [[Wet Tropics of Queensland|Wet Tropics]] ndipo yili n..." 120228 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Daintree Rainforest.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Daintree Rainforest|Thengele ya Daintree]]''' ni thengele yikuru ya [[Australia]] mu chigaŵa cha [[Queensland]], ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha vyakumera vinandi na mdauko wake wakale. Chigaŵa ichi chili na mitundu yambura kuŵerengeka ya makuni, vyakumera, tuyuni, vinyama na vinyama vichoko. Thengele iyi ni chigaŵa cha [[Wet Tropics of Queensland|Wet Tropics]] ndipo yili na malo agho ghali na mapiri, mlonga na mumphepete mwa nyanja. Ŵanthu ŵa [[Eastern Kuku Yalanji]] ŵali na ubwezi wakale na charu ichi ndipo ŵakuchisunga na kuchigwiliskira ntchito kwakuyana na chikhalilo chawo. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona thengele, kwenda mu nthowa, kuwona mlonga na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. [[Daintree Rainforest]] ni limoza mwa thengele zakuzirwa chomene pa charu. ([[Daintree Rainforest|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mtz9mjuuh8iws7telpy1785j9a4u2bu 4 48865 120229 2026-08-26T19:01:36Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tsingy de Bemaraha.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Tsingy de Bemaraha]]''' ni malo gha mapiri gha mwala mu [[Madagascar]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone]] iyo yikuwoneka nga ni nkhalango ya mipeni ya mwala. Maji agho ghakudumulira mwala kwa nyengo yitali ghakapanga mphanga, mipata na makhoma ghakuthwa. Malo agha ghali na [[Great Tsingy]] na [[Little Tsingy]], ndipo g..." 120229 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tsingy de Bemaraha.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Tsingy de Bemaraha]]''' ni malo gha mapiri gha mwala mu [[Madagascar]] agho ghali na mizati yinandi ya [[limestone]] iyo yikuwoneka nga ni nkhalango ya mipeni ya mwala. Maji agho ghakudumulira mwala kwa nyengo yitali ghakapanga mphanga, mipata na makhoma ghakuthwa. Malo agha ghali na [[Great Tsingy]] na [[Little Tsingy]], ndipo ghali na vyakumera na vinyama ivyo vikusangika chomene mu Madagascar. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[Manambolo River|Mlonga wa Manambolo]] kweniso thengele. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda mu nthowa zakupangika pakati pa miyala, kuwona makhoma na kusambira vya [[chilengiwa]]. [[Tsingy de Bemaraha]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] chifukwa cha malo ghake ghapadera. ([[Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> i9k715uzd60ujryl9ybo4x5nisafkt1 4 48866 120230 2026-08-26T19:01:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lençóis Maranhenses.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Lençóis Maranhenses National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Lençóis Maranhenses]]''' ni malo ghakuru gha mchenga ku [[Brazil]] agho ghali na mapiri gha mchenga na nyanja zichoko izo zikupangika pakati pa mapiri agha. Mu nyengo ya vula, maji ghakuzura pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga na kupanga nyanja zichoko za maji ghawemi. Para [[zuŵa]] likuŵala, maji ghakuwoneka na mitundu ya blu..." 120230 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lençóis Maranhenses.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Lençóis Maranhenses National Park|Paki ya Charu ya Lençóis Maranhenses]]''' ni malo ghakuru gha mchenga ku [[Brazil]] agho ghali na mapiri gha mchenga na nyanja zichoko izo zikupangika pakati pa mapiri agha. Mu nyengo ya vula, maji ghakuzura pakati pa mapiri gha mchenga na kupanga nyanja zichoko za maji ghawemi. Para [[zuŵa]] likuŵala, maji ghakuwoneka na mitundu ya blue na green pakati pa mchenga utuŵa. Chigaŵa ichi chili pafupi na [[Atlantic Ocean|Nyanja ya Atlantic]] ndipo chili na thengele, miziŵa na vinyama. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mapiri gha mchenga, kusambira mu nyanja na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] chapadera. [[Lençóis Maranhenses]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni limoza mwa malo ghakupambanapambana chomene mu [[South America|kumwera kwa America]]. ([[Lençóis Maranhenses National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ac9tn5z8lwgr64712hqj6dsjnl64w7x 4 48867 120231 2026-08-26T19:01:50Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Giant's Causeway (28241846688).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Giant's Causeway]]''' ni gulu la mizati ya mwala wa [[basalt]] ku [[Northern Ireland]] iyo yili mumphepete mwa [[nyanja]]. Pali mizati yakukwana pafupifupi 40,000 iyo yili na mawonekedwe gha makona ghanandi, chomene makona ghankhondi na ghankhondi? Mizati yinandi yili na makona ghankhondi, ndipo yikuwoneka nga ni nthowa iyo yikuluta mu nyanja. Malo agha ghakapangika..." 120231 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Giant's Causeway (28241846688).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Giant's Causeway]]''' ni gulu la mizati ya mwala wa [[basalt]] ku [[Northern Ireland]] iyo yili mumphepete mwa [[nyanja]]. Pali mizati yakukwana pafupifupi 40,000 iyo yili na mawonekedwe gha makona ghanandi, chomene makona ghankhondi na ghankhondi? Mizati yinandi yili na makona ghankhondi, ndipo yikuwoneka nga ni nthowa iyo yikuluta mu nyanja. Malo agha ghakapangika apo [[volcanic eruption|phulika la mapiri]] likapanga lava iyo yikazizima na kupasuka mu mawonekedwe agha. Maji gha nyanja ghakunjira pakati pa mizati na kupanga madamu ghachoko. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona miyala, nyanja na mumphepete mwa charu. [[Giant's Causeway]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]] ndipo ni malo ghakuzizwiska gha [[chilengiwa]]. ([[Giant's Causeway|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> d5h2bz09lx5a72ew7d4g6dslfmeaebg 4 48868 120232 2026-08-26T19:01:58Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ET Afar asv2018-01 img46 Dallol.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dallol (hydrothermal system)|Dallol]]''' ni malo gha [[hydrothermal system|maji ghakufunda gha pasi]] mu [[Danakil Depression]] mu [[Ethiopia]]. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mitundu yakupambanapambana ya yellow, orange, green na white iyo yikufuma ku mchere na vinthu vinyake ivyo vili mu maji. Pali maji ghakufunda, malo gha mchere na madamu agho ghali na vin..." 120232 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:ET Afar asv2018-01 img46 Dallol.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dallol (hydrothermal system)|Dallol]]''' ni malo gha [[hydrothermal system|maji ghakufunda gha pasi]] mu [[Danakil Depression]] mu [[Ethiopia]]. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mitundu yakupambanapambana ya yellow, orange, green na white iyo yikufuma ku mchere na vinthu vinyake ivyo vili mu maji. Pali maji ghakufunda, malo gha mchere na madamu agho ghali na vinthu vyakupangiska maji kuŵa ghakukhoma chomene. Dallol yili pasi pa usange wa nyanja ndipo chigaŵa ichi chili na kutentha kukuru chomene. Mawonekedwe gha malo agha ghakuwoneka nga ni gha pa charu chinyake chifukwa cha mitundu na makhoma gha mchere. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha kufuma kutali chifukwa cha kutentha na ngozi za maji ghakukhoma. [[Dallol]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakuzizwiska chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] pa charu. ([[Dallol (hydrothermal system)|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g85ithlysjjjpy29vzd4odoh4uoz5jk 4 48869 120233 2026-08-26T19:05:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flamingos at Lake Natron, Tanzania.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Natron|Nyanja ya Natron]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere mu kumpoto kwa [[Tanzania]] kufupi na mphaka wa [[Kenya]]. Maji gha nyanja iyi ghali na mchere na vinthu vinyake ivyo vingapangiska maji kuŵa ghakukhoma chomene, ndipo kutentha mu chigaŵa ichi kungafika pachanya pa 40°C. Mitundu ya maji yingawoneka red panji orange chifukwa cha tuvinyama tuchoko uto tukukha..." 120233 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flamingos at Lake Natron, Tanzania.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Natron|Nyanja ya Natron]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere mu kumpoto kwa [[Tanzania]] kufupi na mphaka wa [[Kenya]]. Maji gha nyanja iyi ghali na mchere na vinthu vinyake ivyo vingapangiska maji kuŵa ghakukhoma chomene, ndipo kutentha mu chigaŵa ichi kungafika pachanya pa 40°C. Mitundu ya maji yingawoneka red panji orange chifukwa cha tuvinyama tuchoko uto tukukhala mu maji gha mchere. Nyanja iyi ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha kuberekera [[lesser flamingo|ma flamingo ghachoko]], ndipo mbalame zinandi zingawoneka mumphepete mwa maji. Mumphepete muli mapiri, malo gha mchere na [[chilengiwa]] chakupambanapambana. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona nyanja, flamingo na malo gha chigaŵa ichi. [[Lake Natron]] ni malo ghakuzizwiska chifukwa cha maji ghake na vinyama ivyo vikukhala mwenemumo. ([[Lake Natron|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> b082dd08rf30jiwwdiobs84822jewey 4 48870 120234 2026-08-26T19:05:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Huanglong travertine pools.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area|Huanglong]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Sichuan]], [[China]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha madamu na nyanja za [[travertine]] izo zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Maji agho ghakufuma mu mapiri ghakusida vinthu vya mchere pachanya pa mwala ndipo ghakupanga madamu ghakuwoneka nga ni nthowa yitali ya maji. Malo agha ghali na m..." 120234 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Huanglong travertine pools.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area|Huanglong]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Sichuan]], [[China]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha madamu na nyanja za [[travertine]] izo zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Maji agho ghakufuma mu mapiri ghakusida vinthu vya mchere pachanya pa mwala ndipo ghakupanga madamu ghakuwoneka nga ni nthowa yitali ya maji. Malo agha ghali na mapiri ghakututumuka, vipopoma, mphanga, thengele na maji ghakufunda. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli vinyama nga ni [[giant panda|panda]] na [[Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey]]. Para maji ghakuwala na [[zuŵa]], mitundu ya madamu yikuwoneka makora chomene. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri na kuwona malo gha [[chilengiwa]]. [[Huanglong]] yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. ([[Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lipdv7e7tcdwqypf8ehzhu4ubl69n8w 4 48871 120235 2026-08-26T19:05:26Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Bromo|Phiri la Bromo]]''' ni phiri lakubuka moto ku [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]], ndipo lili mu [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]]. Phiri ili lili pakati pa malo ghakuru gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa kuti [[Sea of Sand]], ndipo mapiri gha [[Mount Batok|Batok]] na [[Mount Semeru|Semeru]] ghakuwoneka kufupi. [[Mount Bromo]] yikukhalaso yakubuka moto ndipo nyen..." 120235 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mount Bromo|Phiri la Bromo]]''' ni phiri lakubuka moto ku [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]], ndipo lili mu [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]]. Phiri ili lili pakati pa malo ghakuru gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa kuti [[Sea of Sand]], ndipo mapiri gha [[Mount Batok|Batok]] na [[Mount Semeru|Semeru]] ghakuwoneka kufupi. [[Mount Bromo]] yikukhalaso yakubuka moto ndipo nyengo zinyake utsi ukufuma mu khululu la phiri. Chigaŵa ichi chili na mapiri, mchenga, thengele na malo ghakupambanapambana gha [[chilengiwa]]. Ŵanthu ŵa [[Tenggerese people|Tengger]] ŵakukhala mu vijiji vyakuzingilizga phiri ndipo ŵali na mitheto yakukolerana na malo agha. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona phiri, kwenda pa mchenga na kuwona [[zuŵa likufuma]] pachanya pa mapiri. [[Mount Bromo]] ni chimoza mwa malo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Indonesia. ([[Mount Bromo|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> fe55b05wupwyqrud23w7jcnwmi9axhs 4 48872 120236 2026-08-26T19:09:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone 1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Prismatic Spring]]''' ni malo gha maji ghakufunda mu [[Yellowstone National Park]] ku [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji agha ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mitundu yawo ya blue, green, yellow, orange na red, iyo yikupangika chifukwa cha tuvinyama uto tukukhala mu maji ghakufunda. Grand Prismatic Spring ni nyengo yikuru chomene ya maji ghakuf..." 120236 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone 1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Grand Prismatic Spring]]''' ni malo gha maji ghakufunda mu [[Yellowstone National Park]] ku [[United States|United States of America]]. Maji agha ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha mitundu yawo ya blue, green, yellow, orange na red, iyo yikupangika chifukwa cha tuvinyama uto tukukhala mu maji ghakufunda. Grand Prismatic Spring ni nyengo yikuru chomene ya maji ghakufunda mu United States, ndipo yili mu [[Midway Geyser Basin]]. Utsi ukufuma pachanya pa maji, ukuŵa nga ni mitambo pachanya pa nyanja. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona malo agha kufuma mu nthowa zakupangika kuzingilizga maji. ([[Grand Prismatic Spring|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2q4ztkyd443ekil1l6m6dqu6wiv3dcz 4 48873 120237 2026-08-26T19:09:49Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Jiuzhaigou Valley.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Jiuzhaigou Valley|Dambo la Jiuzhaigou]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Sichuan]], [[China]], agho ghali na nyanja, vipopoma, mlonga, mapiri na thengele. Maji gha nyanja zinandi ghakuwoneka na mitundu ya blue na green chifukwa cha vinthu ivyo vili mu maji na ungweru wa zuŵa. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli vyakumera vinandi na vinyama ivyo vikusangika mu mapiri gha Sichuan. Makhoma gha mapiri g..." 120237 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Jiuzhaigou Valley.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Jiuzhaigou Valley|Dambo la Jiuzhaigou]]''' ni malo ghakutowa mu [[Sichuan]], [[China]], agho ghali na nyanja, vipopoma, mlonga, mapiri na thengele. Maji gha nyanja zinandi ghakuwoneka na mitundu ya blue na green chifukwa cha vinthu ivyo vili mu maji na ungweru wa zuŵa. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli vyakumera vinandi na vinyama ivyo vikusangika mu mapiri gha Sichuan. Makhoma gha mapiri ghakupanga malo ghakutowa chomene para ghakuwoneka pachanya pa nyanja. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona vipopoma, nyanja na thengele kweniso kwenda mu nthowa za malo agha. Jiuzhaigou ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] mu China. ([[Jiuzhaigou Valley|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qk0zdv2rfrj74d4zccqsoats7p78s6y 4 48874 120238 2026-08-26T19:09:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Hillier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Hillier|Nyanja ya Hillier]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere ku [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]], iyo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa pinki. Nyanja iyi yili pa [[Middle Island]] ndipo yazingilizgika na makuni, mchenga na vyakumera. Maji gha pinki ghakuwoneka makora chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma pachanya, ndipo mtundu uwu ukukolerana na vinthu vyakukhala mu maji gha m..." 120238 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Hillier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Hillier|Nyanja ya Hillier]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere ku [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]], iyo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa pinki. Nyanja iyi yili pa [[Middle Island]] ndipo yazingilizgika na makuni, mchenga na vyakumera. Maji gha pinki ghakuwoneka makora chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma pachanya, ndipo mtundu uwu ukukolerana na vinthu vyakukhala mu maji gha mchere. Nyanja iyi yili pafupi na [[Southern Ocean]], ndipo mchenga na makuni vikupanga mphaka pakati pa nyanja na maji gha nyanja. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghapadera chomene chifukwa cha kusangana kwa pinki, green na blue. ([[Lake Hillier|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lrme327h4m3u8uppz776hcyulvxpsya 120243 120238 2026-08-26T19:11:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120243 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Sundarbans.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sundarbans|Sundarbans]]''' ni thengele yikuru ya [[mangrove]] mu [[Ganges Delta]] pakati pa [[India]] na [[Bangladesh]]. Mumphepete mwa maji muli makuni gha mangrove agho ghakukhala mu maji gha mchere na maji ghawemi. Malo agha ghali na mlonga, miziŵa, visumbu na nthowa zinandi za maji izo zikupanga malo ghakupambanapambana. [[Royal Bengal tiger|Tigala wa Bengal]] ni chinyama chakumanyikwa chomene cha mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo muli vinyama vinyake nga ni mbawala, ng'ona na tuyuni. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti kuwona thengele, maji na vinyama. Sundarbans ni limoza mwa mathengele ghakuru chomene gha mangrove pa charu ndipo ni malo ghakuzirwa gha [[chilengiwa]]. ([[Sundarbans|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nx6nwfcmd9v19ns4zpwv4spgict9c7x 4 48875 120239 2026-08-26T19:09:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Hillier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Hillier|Nyanja ya Hillier]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere ku [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]], iyo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa pinki. Nyanja iyi yili pa [[Middle Island]] ndipo yazingilizgika na makuni, mchenga na vyakumera. Maji gha pinki ghakuwoneka makora chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma pachanya, ndipo mtundu uwu ukukolerana na vinthu vyakukhala mu maji gha m..." 120239 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Hillier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Hillier|Nyanja ya Hillier]]''' ni nyanja ya mchere ku [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]], iyo yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa pinki. Nyanja iyi yili pa [[Middle Island]] ndipo yazingilizgika na makuni, mchenga na vyakumera. Maji gha pinki ghakuwoneka makora chomene para ghakuwoneka kufuma pachanya, ndipo mtundu uwu ukukolerana na vinthu vyakukhala mu maji gha mchere. Nyanja iyi yili pafupi na [[Southern Ocean]], ndipo mchenga na makuni vikupanga mphaka pakati pa nyanja na maji gha nyanja. Malo agha ghakuwoneka ghapadera chomene chifukwa cha kusangana kwa pinki, green na blue. ([[Lake Hillier|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lrme327h4m3u8uppz776hcyulvxpsya 120244 120239 2026-08-26T19:11:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120244 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Okavango Delta|Okavango Delta]]''' ni malo ghakuru gha maji mu [[Botswana]] agho ghapangika apo [[Okavango River|Mlonga wa Okavango]] ukufika mu malo ghapambalala gha [[Kalahari Desert|Dambo la Kalahari]]. Maji gha mlonga ghakupanga miziŵa, visumbu, nthowa za maji na malo gha vyakumera. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli [[elephant|njovu]], [[hippopotamus|mvuu]], [[lion|nkhalamu]], [[giraffe|chikandawala]] na vinyama vinyake vinandi. Maji ghakufika mu delta mu nyengo iyo vinyama vinandi vikiza ku malo agha kusanga maji na vyakurya. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti ghachoko kuwona vinyama na thengele. Okavango Delta ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene gha [[chilengiwa]] ndipo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. ([[Okavango Delta|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> s8byrrlsa73kw0ol5fpf560bh9d82uz 4 48876 120240 2026-08-26T19:09:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Perito Moreno Glacier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Perito Moreno Glacier|Chiphalale cha Perito Moreno]]''' ni chiphalale chikuru mu [[Patagonia]], [[Argentina]], icho chili mu [[Los Glaciares National Park]]. Chiphalale ichi chikufuma mu mapiri gha [[Andes]] ndipo chikufika mu [[Lago Argentino]]. Makhoma gha chiphalale ghakuwoneka gha blue na white ndipo ghali na ming'alu na mizati ya maji yakuzizima. Para chigaŵa cha chipha..." 120240 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Perito Moreno Glacier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Perito Moreno Glacier|Chiphalale cha Perito Moreno]]''' ni chiphalale chikuru mu [[Patagonia]], [[Argentina]], icho chili mu [[Los Glaciares National Park]]. Chiphalale ichi chikufuma mu mapiri gha [[Andes]] ndipo chikufika mu [[Lago Argentino]]. Makhoma gha chiphalale ghakuwoneka gha blue na white ndipo ghali na ming'alu na mizati ya maji yakuzizima. Para chigaŵa cha chiphalale chikupasuka, vinthu vikuru vya chiphalale vingagwa mu nyanja na kupanga chiwawa cha maji. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona makhoma gha chiphalale kufuma mumphepete mwa nyanja panji pa maboti. Malo agha ni chimoza mwa vyakuzizwiska vya [[chilengiwa]] vya Patagonia. ([[Perito Moreno Glacier|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> halh7ibgaatymse4nog9sassetx69t8 4 48877 120241 2026-08-26T19:10:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Milford Sound New Zealand.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo gha nyanja na mapiri mu [[New Zealand]] agho ghali mu [[Fiordland National Park]]. Makhoma gha mapiri ghakukwera pachanya chomene kufuma mu maji, ndipo thengele yikuphimba vigaŵa vinandi vya mapiri. Para vula yili, vipopoma vinandi vikuwoneka mumphepete mwa makhoma gha mapiri ndipo maji ghakuthira kufuma kuchanya kuya mu nyanja. M..." 120241 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Milford Sound New Zealand.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milford Sound|Milford Sound]]''' ni malo gha nyanja na mapiri mu [[New Zealand]] agho ghali mu [[Fiordland National Park]]. Makhoma gha mapiri ghakukwera pachanya chomene kufuma mu maji, ndipo thengele yikuphimba vigaŵa vinandi vya mapiri. Para vula yili, vipopoma vinandi vikuwoneka mumphepete mwa makhoma gha mapiri ndipo maji ghakuthira kufuma kuchanya kuya mu nyanja. Mu maji muli [[dolphin|ma dolphin]], [[fur seal|ma fur seal]] na vinyama vinyake vya mu nyanja. Ŵalendo ŵakiza pa maboti kuwona mapiri, vipopoma na vinyama. Milford Sound ni chimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu New Zealand ndipo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha malo ghake gha mapiri na maji. ([[Milford Sound|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nyd8lehylbsxrd28i15ucnbgs19am34 120242 120241 2026-08-26T19:10:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120242 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Valley of Flowers.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Valley of Flowers National Park|Dambo la Maluŵa]]''' ni paki ya charu mu [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]], iyo yikumanyikwa chifukwa cha maluŵa ghanandi agho ghakuphuka mu nyengo ya chilimwe. Dambo ili lili mu [[Himalayas]] ndipo lizingilizgika na mapiri ghakuru, mlonga na malo gha vyakumera. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli mitundu yinandi ya maluŵa gha ku mapiri kweniso vinyama nga ni [[snow leopard|chimbalangondo cha chipale]], [[Asiatic black bear|chimbalangondo chifipa cha Asia]] na [[musk deer]]. Para maluŵa ghaphuka, dambo likuwoneka na mitundu yinandi pakati pa mapiri ghakubiliŵira. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kwenda mu nthowa za mapiri na kuwona [[chilengiwa]] ichi. ([[Valley of Flowers National Park|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ia1zlddba538v6krlmq2koykbm0khna 4 48878 120248 2026-08-26T19:22:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Raja Ampat Islands.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Raja Ampat Islands|Visumbu vya Raja Ampat]]''' ni gulu la visumbu mu [[West Papua]], [[Indonesia]], ivyo vili mu chigaŵa cha nyanja icho chili na mitundu yinandi ya vinyama vya mu maji. Mumphepete mwa visumbu muli thengele, mapiri, mchenga utuŵa na maji gha blue. Pasi pa maji pali matanthwe gha korali, somba, njamba za mu nyanja na vinyama vinyake vinandi. Malo agha ni chigaŵ..." 120248 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Raja Ampat Islands.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Raja Ampat Islands|Visumbu vya Raja Ampat]]''' ni gulu la visumbu mu [[West Papua]], [[Indonesia]], ivyo vili mu chigaŵa cha nyanja icho chili na mitundu yinandi ya vinyama vya mu maji. Mumphepete mwa visumbu muli thengele, mapiri, mchenga utuŵa na maji gha blue. Pasi pa maji pali matanthwe gha korali, somba, njamba za mu nyanja na vinyama vinyake vinandi. Malo agha ni chigaŵa cha [[Coral Triangle]], icho chikumanyikwa chifukwa cha unandi wa mitundu ya vinyama vya mu nyanja. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kusambira pasi pa maji, kwenda pa maboti na kuwona visumbu kufuma pa mapiri. Raja Ampat yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha maji ghake ghakuwoneka makora na [[chilengiwa]] cha mu nyanja. ([[Raja Ampat Islands|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2wlfptdq3epxj0d4geut53v3kkk56mp 120249 120248 2026-08-26T19:22:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120249 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aletsch Glacier.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Aletsch Glacier|Chiphalale cha Aletsch]]''' ni chiphalale chikuru chomene mu [[Alps|Mapiri gha Alps]] mu [[Switzerland]]. Chiphalale ichi chikufuma pakati pa mapiri ghakutali na chando ndipo chikuyenda mu dambo pakati pa makhoma gha mapiri. Pachanya pa chiphalale pali mizere yakuda ya vinthu ivyo vikwenda pamoza na chando, ndipo mumphepete muli mapiri, miyala na vyakumera. Chigaŵa ichi chili mu [[Jungfrau-Aletsch]] protected area, iyo yili pa [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|mndandanda wa chiharo cha charu]]. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona chiphalale kufuma pa mapiri ghakuzingilizga, kwenda mu nthowa na kusambira vya umoyo wa mapiri. Aletsch ni malo ghakuzizwiska chifukwa cha utali, chando na mapiri ghake. ([[Aletsch Glacier|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Malo ghakuzizwiska mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Okutobala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 42g8uz5zr1wfdts0eqw699lwg7yq0g6 3 48879 120293 2026-08-27T09:37:27Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 Join Wikimedia User Group Malawi 120293 wikitext text/x-wiki == Join Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi == Hello @[[User:Jq|Jq]], '''Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi''' welcomes Wikimedia contributors from Malawi and contributors interested in Malawi-related knowledge to participate in building a stronger Wikimedia community. We invite contributors from Tumbuka, English and Chewa Wikipedias, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and other Wikimedia projects to become participating members of the community. If you would like to participate: # Visit the [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community User Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating|Founding and Participating Members]] page. # Open the '''Participating members''' section directly: [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community_ User Group Malawi/Founding_and_Participating#List_of_participants]] # Add your Wikimedia username under the list of participating members. # Sign your entry by adding <nowiki>#~~~~</nowiki> after your username. Your participation will help strengthen Wikimedia projects in Malawi, including Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and Malawian language content. Participants may contribute to community discussions, outreach activities, edit-a-thons, language projects, cultural documentation, and other free knowledge initiatives. Everyone interested in creating, improving, and sharing free knowledge is welcome to participate. However, your account location is set to {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]. It doesn't matter where you live, what matters is the languages you speak (Tumbuka, Chewa, Shona). Thank you. <small>''Sent automatically on behalf of'' [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 09:37, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC)</small> gjpdljp092hvlxyuhvnv33nptxmtnvv 3 48880 120294 2026-08-27T09:38:08Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 Created page with "== Join Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi == Hello @[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]], '''Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi''' welcomes Wikimedia contributors from Malawi and contributors interested in Malawi-related knowledge to participate in building a stronger Wikimedia community. We invite contributors from Tumbuka, English and Chewa Wikipedias, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and other Wikimedia projects to become participating members of the community. If..." 120294 wikitext text/x-wiki == Join Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi == Hello @[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]], '''Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi''' welcomes Wikimedia contributors from Malawi and contributors interested in Malawi-related knowledge to participate in building a stronger Wikimedia community. We invite contributors from Tumbuka, English and Chewa Wikipedias, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and other Wikimedia projects to become participating members of the community. If you would like to participate: # Visit the [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community User Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating|Founding and Participating Members]] page. # Open the '''Participating members''' section directly: [[:Meta:Wikimedia_Community_ User Group Malawi/Founding_and_Participating#List_of_participants]] # Add your Wikimedia username under the list of participating members. # Sign your entry by adding <nowiki>#~~~~</nowiki> after your username. Your participation will help strengthen Wikimedia projects in Malawi, including Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, and Malawian language content. Participants may contribute to community discussions, outreach activities, edit-a-thons, language projects, cultural documentation, and other free knowledge initiatives. Everyone interested in creating, improving, and sharing free knowledge is welcome to participate. However, your account location is set to {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]. It doesn't matter where you live, what matters is the languages you speak (Tumbuka, Chewa, Shona). Thank you. <small>''Sent automatically on behalf of'' [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 09:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC)</small> 0ps4hud0wbzn534xtx1a7uov9sa6u69 0 48881 120296 2026-08-27T10:01:44Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Gallipoli''''' ni [[Maseŵero gha pa vidiyo|maseŵero gha pa vidiyo]] agho ghakasindikizgika na {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P123}}. ==Zuŵa ilo likalembekera== ''Gallipoli'' wakafumiskika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P577}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Maseŵera gha pa vidiyo]]" 120296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Gallipoli''''' ni [[Maseŵero gha pa vidiyo|maseŵero gha pa vidiyo]] agho ghakasindikizgika na {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P123}}. ==Zuŵa ilo likalembekera== ''Gallipoli'' wakafumiskika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P577}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Maseŵera gha pa vidiyo]] dssv2k64pxgslx5sacoys0advwhk90z 120297 120296 2026-08-27T10:03:24Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Gallipoli''''' ni [[Maseŵero gha pa vidiyo|maseŵero gha pa vidiyo]] agho ghakasindikizgika na {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P123}}.<ref>https://www.pcgamesn.com/gallipoli/launch-announced</ref><ref>https://www.ign.com/articles/ww1-gallipoli-announced-as-next-game-in-realistic-world-war-1-multiplayer-fps-series</ref> ==Zuŵa ilo likalembekera== ''Gallipoli'' wakafumiskika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P577}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Maseŵera gha pa vidiyo]] bbsh0iutcniccgk53bksuw1ccojo6qg