Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 3 6887 120331 119743 2026-08-28T01:01:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Importing */ new section 120331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |maxarchivesize = 10 |counter = 1 |algo = old(48h) |archive = User talk:Tumbuka Arch/Archive %(counter)d |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 4 }} {{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=LightCyan|start1=0%|color2=Aqua|start2=20%|color3=DodgerBlue|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=DodgerBlue|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Dofyani pano kuti munitumile uthenga uliwose!}}{{User new message large|textcolor=White|color1=#008000|start1=0%|color2=#007500|start2=50%|color3=#007000|start3=75%|bordersize=1px|bordercolor=#007000|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Just click here to add a new message!|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tumbuka_Arch?action=edit&section=new}} <!-- Do not use another URL in this documentation, especially not Special:MyTalk! Someone might copy it from here and think that it works on their talk page... while it only works for THEMSELVES. -->{{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=Wheat|start1=0%|color2=Wheat|start2=20%|color3=Wheat|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=Wheat|radius=10px|textsize=150%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=|text={{big|♕}}{{spaces|2}}<u>PLEASE CLICK HERE TO ADD A NEW MESSAGE</u>{{spaces|2}}{{big|♕}}}} {{Tumbuka Arch Talk 2}} {{Archives}} <!--- New sections go at the BOTTOM of the page ---> '''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS''' [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] == TumbukaArchBot == @[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Hello, I saw you are encoding a bot called TumbukaArchBot. I am intrigued by this. I understand bots take a lot of work, but I wanted to make my own bot which expands the very short articles on this wiki by adding and translating information from Wikidata and other Wikipedias (for example the English and Swahili editions). I don't know where to start, so I hope you have some knowledge? Yewo chomene!! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:45, 13 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], thanks for reminding me. The bot is already available and currently in test. I can post instructions via email if it is okay with you. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 11:14, 16 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Yes please! Amazing to see its up and running. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 11:58, 16 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Growth/Newsletters/36 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|180px|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''Updates from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth]] team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Recent releases === ====Account creation experiments==== Several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|experiments to increase successful account creation]] have delivered significant results. * An updated message shown to logged-out mobile users who try to edit produced a 27% relative increase in account creation and is being scaled to all wikis. ([[phab:T424595|T424595]]) * A new account menu button in the mobile web header, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Experiment Results: Mobile Web Account Menu|A/B tested across five Wikipedias with nearly 8 million participants]], made logged-out mobile users 25% more likely to create an account, with no significant difference in constructive editing behavior. ([[phab:T428220|T428220]]) *A simpler post-edit dialog for temporary account holders increased permanent account creation by 87% (relative), converting more temp editors into registered ones. ([[phab:T416418|T416418]])[[File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|thumb|The redesigned account creation form increases registration by a relative 24.4%]] *We also redesigned the account creation form itself ([[phab:T409236|T409236]]): adding real-time username validation, a concise summary of the username policy, a "reveal password" option, and a simplified design aligned with [[wmdoc:codex/latest|Codex]] guidelines. In an A/B test on English Wikipedia mobile, users who saw the redesigned form created permanent accounts at a rate of 20.4%, compared to 16.4% for the control group (a 24.4% relative increase). ====Revise Tone structured task==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages that may contain non-encyclopedic language and guides them through revising the tone. In A/B testing on Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, newcomer task completion rates were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|38.7% higher]] than the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended July 9, and the feature is now available to everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|We plan]] to release Revise Tone to more wikis. ====Automated mentor list cleanup==== Communities can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatically mark inactive mentors as ''away'' or remove them from mentorship entirely]] (which automatically reassigns their mentees). Inactivity is based on edits, and talk page responses count, so mentors answering mentee questions remain active. We recommend enabling both options together; administrators can enable them via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration]] and review the mentor list at [[Special:ManageMentors]]. ====Growth features for Wikidata==== Growth features are [[phab:T400937|now available at Wikidata]], including a simplified Newcomer Homepage, Mentorship, the Impact module, Community Updates and the Help Panel. === Work in progress === [[File:Home designs labeled.png|thumb|Early concepts for evolving the Newcomer Homepage into a personalized 'Home' that grows with contributors.]] ====Home==== The Growth and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] teams are developing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home|Home]] ([[phabricator:T419358|T419358]]): a unified, personalized landing page intended to replace the Newcomer Homepage. Rather than remaining a newcomer-only feature, Home will evolve with users as they gain experience, surfacing Suggested Edits, edits to review, and moderation workflows at the right moment. === Research === The [https://research.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Research team], in partnership with the Growth Team, published findings from two projects on how new editors learn and integrate into the community: * [[m:Research:Understanding_newcomer_mentorship_on_Wikipedia|Understanding newcomer mentorship on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Research:Successful_Newcomers_Survey_2025#Results|Successful Newcomers Survey]] ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 13:17, 18 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=30870183 --> == Thank you so much == Hello @[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], yewo chomene for making me an administrator! I will help out this wiki a lot! I hope you are having a good day. Yewo chomene! PS I also made [[Depop]] a good article, since it has so much information. Please remove the badge if you disagree. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 04:53, 23 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Importing == Now that I am an administrator on tumwiki, how do I import revisions? Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:01, 28 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) soytoe8ebgjxc32mjkp6anzijaep2x2 120332 120331 2026-08-28T01:02:53Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/120331|120331]] by [[Special:Contributions/Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] ([[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|talk]]) 120332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |maxarchivesize = 10 |counter = 1 |algo = old(48h) |archive = User talk:Tumbuka Arch/Archive %(counter)d |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 4 }} {{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=LightCyan|start1=0%|color2=Aqua|start2=20%|color3=DodgerBlue|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=DodgerBlue|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Dofyani pano kuti munitumile uthenga uliwose!}}{{User new message large|textcolor=White|color1=#008000|start1=0%|color2=#007500|start2=50%|color3=#007000|start3=75%|bordersize=1px|bordercolor=#007000|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Just click here to add a new message!|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tumbuka_Arch?action=edit&section=new}} <!-- Do not use another URL in this documentation, especially not Special:MyTalk! Someone might copy it from here and think that it works on their talk page... while it only works for THEMSELVES. -->{{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=Wheat|start1=0%|color2=Wheat|start2=20%|color3=Wheat|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=Wheat|radius=10px|textsize=150%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=|text={{big|♕}}{{spaces|2}}<u>PLEASE CLICK HERE TO ADD A NEW MESSAGE</u>{{spaces|2}}{{big|♕}}}} {{Tumbuka Arch Talk 2}} {{Archives}} <!--- New sections go at the BOTTOM of the page ---> '''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS''' [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] == TumbukaArchBot == @[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Hello, I saw you are encoding a bot called TumbukaArchBot. I am intrigued by this. I understand bots take a lot of work, but I wanted to make my own bot which expands the very short articles on this wiki by adding and translating information from Wikidata and other Wikipedias (for example the English and Swahili editions). I don't know where to start, so I hope you have some knowledge? Yewo chomene!! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:45, 13 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], thanks for reminding me. The bot is already available and currently in test. I can post instructions via email if it is okay with you. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 11:14, 16 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Yes please! Amazing to see its up and running. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 11:58, 16 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Growth/Newsletters/36 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|180px|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''Updates from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth]] team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Recent releases === ====Account creation experiments==== Several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|experiments to increase successful account creation]] have delivered significant results. * An updated message shown to logged-out mobile users who try to edit produced a 27% relative increase in account creation and is being scaled to all wikis. ([[phab:T424595|T424595]]) * A new account menu button in the mobile web header, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Experiment Results: Mobile Web Account Menu|A/B tested across five Wikipedias with nearly 8 million participants]], made logged-out mobile users 25% more likely to create an account, with no significant difference in constructive editing behavior. ([[phab:T428220|T428220]]) *A simpler post-edit dialog for temporary account holders increased permanent account creation by 87% (relative), converting more temp editors into registered ones. ([[phab:T416418|T416418]])[[File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|thumb|The redesigned account creation form increases registration by a relative 24.4%]] *We also redesigned the account creation form itself ([[phab:T409236|T409236]]): adding real-time username validation, a concise summary of the username policy, a "reveal password" option, and a simplified design aligned with [[wmdoc:codex/latest|Codex]] guidelines. In an A/B test on English Wikipedia mobile, users who saw the redesigned form created permanent accounts at a rate of 20.4%, compared to 16.4% for the control group (a 24.4% relative increase). ====Revise Tone structured task==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages that may contain non-encyclopedic language and guides them through revising the tone. In A/B testing on Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, newcomer task completion rates were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|38.7% higher]] than the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended July 9, and the feature is now available to everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|We plan]] to release Revise Tone to more wikis. ====Automated mentor list cleanup==== Communities can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatically mark inactive mentors as ''away'' or remove them from mentorship entirely]] (which automatically reassigns their mentees). Inactivity is based on edits, and talk page responses count, so mentors answering mentee questions remain active. We recommend enabling both options together; administrators can enable them via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration]] and review the mentor list at [[Special:ManageMentors]]. ====Growth features for Wikidata==== Growth features are [[phab:T400937|now available at Wikidata]], including a simplified Newcomer Homepage, Mentorship, the Impact module, Community Updates and the Help Panel. === Work in progress === [[File:Home designs labeled.png|thumb|Early concepts for evolving the Newcomer Homepage into a personalized 'Home' that grows with contributors.]] ====Home==== The Growth and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] teams are developing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home|Home]] ([[phabricator:T419358|T419358]]): a unified, personalized landing page intended to replace the Newcomer Homepage. Rather than remaining a newcomer-only feature, Home will evolve with users as they gain experience, surfacing Suggested Edits, edits to review, and moderation workflows at the right moment. === Research === The [https://research.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Research team], in partnership with the Growth Team, published findings from two projects on how new editors learn and integrate into the community: * [[m:Research:Understanding_newcomer_mentorship_on_Wikipedia|Understanding newcomer mentorship on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Research:Successful_Newcomers_Survey_2025#Results|Successful Newcomers Survey]] ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 13:17, 18 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=30870183 --> == Thank you so much == Hello @[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], yewo chomene for making me an administrator! I will help out this wiki a lot! I hope you are having a good day. Yewo chomene! PS I also made [[Depop]] a good article, since it has so much information. Please remove the badge if you disagree. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 04:53, 23 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) qssfjwfwshz0untwveqq46b947ddsr1 828 47303 120334 115771 2026-08-28T02:58:50Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Testing out 120334 Scribunto text/plain -- This extended version of Databox is stored at https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Databox, but can be used by other languages -- Versions: (Besides minor adjustments to the property_blacklist and layout) -- 2024-03-03 Parameter "keep_title_case" to not change first letter to upper case (default false) -- 2023-06-18 Shows monolingualtext but only in local language - and maximum one value per property -- Can show any commonsMedia file that has media caption qualifier in the local language, or with content in ("language of work" qualifier) the local language -- Can show several maps if several coordinates, limited by parameter maxFiles (default 1). -- 2023-06-11 Locator map image shown if it has media caption in the local language -- 2020-05-25 Hide "is instance of" -> "human" -- 2020-05-25 Category:Databox that shows qid code -- 2020-05-24 Years linked to articles. Decades, centuries and millennia formated in local language. -- 2020-05-13 P155 (follows) and P156 (followed by) merged into one "Chronology" list, also showing current object. -- Parameter "list_separator" for replacing comma in lists. -- 2020-05-10 Parameter "era" for choosing if year "BCE" (or similar in local language) should be replaced by "BC", empty string or other. -- Upper-case initial letter of P31 (instance of). -- 2020-05-05 P31 hidden if too long list. Administrative wiki category if too long list. -- 2020-05-02 More than two parent/child levels in bulleted list. -- 2020-05-01 Property short names based on P1813. Image legend/caption. -- 2020-04-28 Properties linked to articles (based on Property:P1629 of the property). -- Datatype "url" not shown (except for official web site). Input parameter "levels". -- 2020-04-27 Two higher and two lower levels of child and parent items shown as bulleted list for some properties -- 2020-04-21 Parameters "width", "height", "zoom" and "list_length". Soft hyphens auto-inserted in long property names. -- 2020-04-18 (Monolingual text strings hidden.) Property name hidden if no good value. First image shown if several images. -- 2020-04-16 Description shown (only in local language). First letter of label upper-case. -- 2020-04-13 Values of datatype "quantity" shown. Pen hidden in printout. -- 2020-04-13 Mapframe code copied from the 2019-03-04 af.wikipedia.org version. -- 2020-04-07 Imported from the 2019-04-26 fr.wikipedia.org version -- Blocked properties: local property_blacklist = { 'P10280', -- category for honorary citizens of entity 'P1036', -- DDC 'P1149', -- LCC 'P1150', -- RVK 'P1151', -- topic's main Wikimedia portal 'P1190', -- UDC 'P1193', -- prevalence (often different value in different countries) 'P1200', -- bodies of water basin category 'P1204', -- Wikimedia portal's main topic 'P1282', -- OSM tag or key 'P1299', -- depicted by 'P1343', -- described by source 'P1382', -- coincident with 'P1402', -- Foundational Model of Anatomy ID 'P1423', -- template's main topic 'P1424', -- topic's main template 'P1433', -- published in 'P1438', -- Jewish Encyclopedia ID (Russian)e 'P1461', -- Patientplus ID 'P1464', -- category for people born here 'P1465', -- category for people who died here 'P1472', -- Commons Creator page 'P1559', -- name in native language 'P1612', -- Commons Institution page 'P1687', -- Wikidata main property for this item 'P1692', -- ICD-9-CM code 'P1709', -- equivalent class 'P1740', -- category for films shot at this location 'P1748', -- NCI Thesaurus ID 'P1753', -- list related to category 'P1754', -- category related to list 'P1791', -- category of people buried here 'P1792', -- category of associated people 'P1793', -- format as a regex 'P1814', -- Japanese name in kana 'P1830', -- owner of (seldom useful) 'P1889', -- different from 'P1921', -- Wikidata RDF URI format 'P1963', -- properties for this type 'P1987', -- MCN code 'P2033', -- Category for pictures taken with camera 'P217', -- inventory number 'P2176', -- drug used for treatment (we avoid medical advise) 'P2184', -- History of subject. (Should be shown if article in local language) 'P2263', -- ISOCat id 'P2283', -- Uses 'P2293', -- genetic association 'P2354', -- list article (seldom available in local language) 'P2445', -- metasubclass of 'P2517', -- category for recipients of this award 'P2540', -- Aarne–Thompson–Uther Tale Type Index 'P2559', -- Wikidata usage instructions 'P2572', -- hashtag 'P2670', -- has parts of the class 'P2737', -- union of 'P2738', -- disjoint union of 'P2817', -- appears in the heritage monument list 'P2860', -- cites 'P2888', -- exact match 'P2959', -- permanent duplicated item 'P301', -- category's main topic 'P3113', -- does not have part 'P3176', -- uses property 'P360', --is a list of 'P3722', -- Commons maps category 'P373', -- Commons category 'P3761', -- IPv4 range 'P3876', -- category for alumni of educational institution 'P3921', -- Wikidata SPARQL query equivalent 'P3950', -- narrower external class 'P4195', -- category for employees of the organization 'P4224', --category contains 'P4354', -- search formatter URL 'P460', -- said to be the same as 'P4839', -- Wolfram Language entity code 'P487', -- Unicode character 'P4969', -- derivative work 'P5008', -- on focus list of Wikimedia project 'P5125', -- wikimedia outline 'P528', -- catalog code 'P553', -- web site account 'P5692', -- Wikidata dummy value 'P5869', -- model item 'P5996', -- Category for films in this language 'P6104', -- Maintained by Wikiproject 'P6112', -- category for members of a team 'P6216', -- copyright status 'P6344', -- rural population 'P6365', -- member category 'P667', -- ICPC 2 ID 'P6686', -- musical motif (not supported) 'P7084', -- related category 'P747', -- editions 'P7561', -- for the interior of the item 'P7763', -- copyright status as a creator 'P7782', -- category for ship name 'P7867', -- category for maps 'P7973', -- quantity symbol (LaTeX) 'P8402', -- open data portal 'P859', -- sponsor 'P8596', -- category for multimedia files depicting exterior views of this item 'P8687', -- social media followers 'P8933', -- category for the view from the item 'P8989', -- category for the view of the item 'P910', -- topic's main category 'P935', -- Commons gallery 'P944', -- Code of nomenclature 'P968', -- email 'P971', -- category combines topics 'P972', -- catalogue 'P989', -- spoken text. (Should be shown if in local language) } -- Exceptions to the datatype blocking: local property_whitelist = { 'P856', -- official website 'P3896',-- geoshape 'P345', -- IMDB id 'P6375' -- street address } -- Properties with higher level items: local properties_with_parents = { 'P131', -- located in the administrative territorial entity 'P144', -- based on 'P155', -- follows 'P171', -- parent taxon 'P276', -- location 'P279', -- subclass of 'P361', -- part of 'P706', -- located on terrain feature 'P749', -- parent organization 'P807', -- separated/forked from 'P1365', -- replaced 'P1647', -- subproperty of 'P3730' -- next higher rank } local properties_with_children = { -- Properties with lower level items: 'P150', -- contains administrative territorial entity 'P156', -- followed by 'P355', -- subsidiary 'P527', -- has part 'P1012', -- contains 'P1366', -- replaced by 'P3729', -- next lower rank 'P4330', -- contains 'P7888' -- merged into } local function buildInteractiveMap(width, point, item_id, zoom) --Utility function to build maps local geojson = { { type = 'Feature', geometry = { type = "Point", coordinates = {point.longitude, point.latitude} }, properties = { title = point.text or '', ['marker-symbol'] = point.marker or 'marker', ['marker-color'] = point.markercolor or "#224422", } } } local args = { ['height'] = width, ['width'] = width, ['frameless'] = 'frameless', ['align'] = 'center', ['latitude'] = point.latitude, ['longitude'] = point.longitude, ['zoom'] = zoom, ['lang'] = lang -- fallbacks to wiki language if local name is missing. ) } return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('mapframe', mw.text.jsonEncode(geojson), args) end function Set(list) -- values to booleans with keys local set = {} for _, l in pairs(list) do set[l] = true end return set end function listCase(str) -- Capitalizes first visible character of list produced by formatStatements() -- Example: <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> -- --> <span><span>[[link|First item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> return str :gsub('^<span><span>%[%[(.-)|(.-)%]%]</span>', function(a,b) return '<span><span>[[' .. a .. '|' .. b:gsub('^%l', string.upper) .. ']]</span>' end) :gsub('^<span><span>(%l)', function(a) return '<span><span>' ..string.upper(a) end) end function listSeparate(str, list_separator) -- Replaces comma in list produced by formatStatements() -- Example: list_separator = ';<br>' -- str = <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> -- -> <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>;<br> <span>second item</span></span> if list_separator ~= ',' then return str :gsub('</span>,', '</span>'..list_separator) else return str end end function hyphenate(str, lang) -- Inserts soft hyphens in long words, typically before each consonant that is followed by a vowel (lower-case letters) -- Should work good enough for most languages. Language specific exceptions may be added. local nonHyphenatedLanguages = Set{'ar', 'he', 'zh', 'ja', 'ko', 'vi', 'fa', 'ps'} if nonHyphenatedLanguages[lang] then -- Not languages without alphabetic writing system or with few vowels return str end result = '' for word in str:gmatch("%S+") do if #word < 10 then result = result .. ' ' .. word else result = result .. ' ' .. word:sub(1,3) -- Not too early in word .. word:sub(4) :gsub("([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxzđçčĉñŋĝĥĵŝšŧžßÐðþğşśćńŁżźбвгжийклмнпрст]" .. "[aouåeiyäöæøáéíóúýàèâêëüãŭœāēīōūəąęóадеёзоу])", "&shy;%1") -- Insert soft-hyphens before each consonant that is followed by vowel :gsub("&shy;([\128-\193])", "%1" ) -- Revert split of two-byte UTF-8 character :gsub("-(%a?%a?%a?%a?)&shy;", "-%1"):gsub("&shy;(%a?%a?%a?%a?)-", "%1-") -- Not too near a hard hyphen -- Some Scandinavian exceptions for wikidata properties, relevant to similar languages: :gsub("&shy;x", "x&shy;") -- Example: tids-komp-le-xi-tet -> tids-komp-lex-i-tet :gsub("sc&shy;h", "&shy;sch") -- Example: sc-h -> -sch :gsub("ss&shy;j", "s&shy;sj")-- Example: ss-j-> s-sj :gsub("n&shy;g", "ng&shy;") -- Example: n-g -> ng- :gsub("ngs", "ngs&shy;") -- Example: Befolk-ningsg-rup-pe -> Befolk-nings-g-rup-pe, Rege-ring-s-che-fens -> Rege-rings-chefens :gsub("g&shy;rup&shy;pe", "&shy;gruppe") -- Example: g-rup-pe -> -gruppe :gsub("nist&shy;ra", "nis&shy;tra") -- Example: admi-nist-ra-tion -> admi-nis-tra-tion :gsub("&shy;ror&shy;ga[&shy;]*n", "r&shy;organ") -- Example: dotte-ror-ga-ni-sa-tion -> dotter-organi-sa-tion :gsub("&shy;rob[&shy;]*jek", "r&shy;objek") -- Example: dot-te-rob-jekt -> dot-ter-objekt :gsub("s&shy;ta&shy;tus", "&shy;status") -- Example: skydds-status :gsub("k&shy;las[&shy;]*s", "&shy;klass") -- Example: deci-malk-las-si-fi-ka-tion -> deci-mal-klas-si-fi-ka-tion :gsub("&shy;nom&shy;rå&shy;de", "n&shy;område") -- Example: vatte-nom-rå-de -> vatten-område :gsub("&shy;som&shy;rå&shy;de", "s&shy;område") -- Example: Rets-gyl-dig-hed-som-rå-de -> Rets-gyl-dig-heds-om-rå-de :gsub("ra&shy;lort", "ral&shy;ort") -- Example: central-ort :gsub("s&shy;kydd", "&shy;skydd") -- Example: Kul-turs-kydd -> Kul-tur-skydd :gsub("k&shy;ri&shy;te&shy;ri", "&shy;kri&shy;te&shy;ri")-- Example: Värld-sarvsk-ri-te-rium -> Värld-sarvs-kri-te-rium :gsub("guasp&shy;he", "gua&shy;sphe") -- Example: lingua-sphere :gsub("gars&shy;kap", "gar&shy;skap") -- Example: medbor-gars-kap -> medbor-gar-skap :gsub("k&shy;var&shy;ter", "&shy;kvarter") -- Example: Hovedk-var-ter -> Hoved-kvarter :gsub("s&shy;ted", "&shy;sted") -- Example: Pro-duk-tionss-ted -> Pro-duk-tions-sted :gsub("t&shy;rä&shy;dan&shy;de", "&shy;trä&shy;dan&shy;de") -- Example: plats för förs-ta framt-rä-dan-de -> plats för förs-ta fram-trä-dan-de :gsub("&shy;&shy;", "&shy;") -- Example -- -> - end end return result:sub(2,-1) -- :gsub("&shy;", "-") -- Show soft hyphens as hard hyphens. Only for sandboxed test purposes. end function year(str, lang, replaceTime) -- Postprocesses years (datatype time) in local language -- Incorrect formating of the first decade. if lang == 'sv' then str = str :gsub("<span>0</span>", "<span>00-talet</span>") :gsub("<span>0 BCE</span>", "<span>00-talet f.v.t.</span>") end -- Replace BCE with BC (or corresponding in local language) depending on era template parameter: if replaceTime then for p,r in pairs(replaceTime) do str = str:gsub(p, r) end end -- Link years to articles: str = str :gsub("([%s>])(%d?%d?%d?%d)</span>", "%1[[%2]]</span>") -- April 1852 -> April [[1852]] :gsub("([%s>])(%d?%d?%d?%d) ([%a%.]*)</span>", "%1[[%2 %3]]</span>") -- April 20 BCE -> April [[20 BCE]] -- Format decades, centuries and millennias correctly in local language, and link to articles: if lang=='sv' then str = str :gsub("(%d?1%d)%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:e år%2%3det") -- 12. årtusende -> 12:e årtusendet :gsub("(%d?%d?[1-2])%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:a år%2%3det") -- 2. århundrade -> 2:a århundradet :gsub("(%d?%d?[0,3-9])%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:e år%2%3det") -- 13 århundrandet f.Kr. -> 13:e århundradet f.Kr :gsub("<span>(%d?%d?%d?)00-talet</span>", "<span>[[%100-talet (decennium)]]</span>") -- 1900-talet -> [[1900-talet (årtionde)]] :gsub("<span>(%d?%d?%d?)00-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%100-talet (decennium) %2]]</span>") -- 100-talet f.Kr. -> [[100-talet f.Kr. (decennium)]] :gsub("(%d?%d?%d):[a|e] århundradet", function(a) return tonumber(a)-1 .. '00-talet' end) -- 21:a århundradet -> 2000-talet :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet]]</span>") -- 2000-talet -> [[2000-talet]] :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet %2]]</span>") -- 000-talet f.Kr. -> [[000-talet f.Kr.]] :gsub("(%d?%d?%d):[a|e] årtusendet", function(a) return tonumber(a)-1 .. '000-talet' end) -- 2:a århundradet -> 2000-talet :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet (millennium)]]</span>") -- 2000-talet -> [[2000-talet (millennium)]] :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet %2 (millennium)]]</span>") -- 0000-talet f.Kr. -> [[0000-talet f.Kr. (millennium)]] end return str end local p = {} function p.databox(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local itemId = nil if args.item then itemId = args.item end local item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(itemId) if item == nil then mw.addWarning("Wikidata item not found") return "" end local width = '260' -- default max width of template, image and map, and height of map if args.width then width = args.width end local height = '240' -- default max height of image. hidden if <= 0. if args.height then height = args.height end local zoom = 12 -- default map zoom level. hidden if <0. if args.zoom then zoom = tonumber(args.zoom) end local list_length = 8 -- default max no of values in lists if args.list_length then list_length = tonumber(args.list_length) end local list_separator = ',' -- default no replacement of comma in lists if args.list_separator then list_separator = args.list_separator end local levels = 3 -- default max no of child and parent levels if args.levels then levels = tonumber(args.levels) end local maxFiles = 1 -- default max no of coordinate location maps if args.maxFiles then maxFiles = tonumber(args.maxFiles) end local langObject = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local lang = langObject:getCode() local langIdDict = { -- Dictionary for translating language code to language Wikidata item id ['af'] = 'Q14196', ['atj'] = 'Q56590', ['be-tarask'] = 'Q8937989', ['ca'] = 'Q7026', ['ceb'] = 'Q33239', ['ckb'] = 'Q36811', ['cs'] = 'Q9056', ['da'] = 'Q9035', ['dag'] = 'Q32238', ['de'] = 'Q188', ['en'] = 'Q1860', ['es'] = 'Q1321', ['ewe'] = 'Q30005', ['fi'] = 'Q1412', ['fa'] = 'Q9168', ['fr'] = 'Q150', ['frr'] = 'Q28224', ['haw'] = 'Q33569', ['he'] = 'Q9288', ['hi'] = 'Q1568', ['it'] = 'Q652', ['ja'] = 'Q5287', ['kab'] = 'Q35853', ['ko'] = 'Q9176', ['mzn'] = 'Q13356', ['nap'] = 'Q33845', ['nds'] = 'Q25433', ['nl'] = 'Q10000', ['no'] = 'Q9043', ['nqo'] = 'Q18546266', ['pap'] = 'Q33856', ['pl'] = 'Q809', ['pcm'] = 'Q33655', ['pt'] = 'Q5146', ['ru'] = 'Q7737', ['rue'] = 'Q26245', ['sh'] = 'Q9301', ['sv'] = 'Q9027', ['tr'] = 'Q256', ['uk'] = 'Q8798', ['vi'] = 'Q9199', ['zh'] = 'Q7850' } local dump = '' local langId -- Local language Wikidata item id langId = langIdDict[lang] or nil local edit_message = mw.message.new('vector-view-edit'):plain() .. ' Wikidata' -- Date formating local bceDict = { -- Dictionary: Before current era (BCE) in different languages ['da'] = 'f.v.t.', ['en'] = 'BCE', ['sv'] = 'f.v.t.' } local bcDict = { -- Dictionary: Before Christ (BC) in different languages ['da'] = 'f.Kr.', ['en'] = 'BC', ['sv'] = 'f.Kr.' } local bc = bcDict[lang] or 'BC' local bce = bceDict[lang] or 'BCE' local era = bc -- default era if args.era then if args.era == 'BC' then era = bc -- replace 'BCE' by 'BC' in content language elseif args.era == 'BCE' then era = bce -- replace 'BC' by 'BCE' in content language else era = args.era -- replace 'BCE' and 'BC' by arbitrary argument value, for example empty string end end local replaceTime = {} -- global variable replaceTime[' BCE'] = ' '..era replaceTime[' '..bce] = ' '..era replaceTime[' '..bc] = ' '..era local noValueDict = { -- Dictionary: No value ['da'] = 'ingen værdi', ['en'] = 'no value', ['sv'] = 'inget värde' } local wikicategory = '' local databoxRoot = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('infobox') :css({ float = 'right', clear = 'right', border = '1px solid #aaa', ['background-color'] = '#f9f9f9', ['width'] = width .. 'px', padding = '0 0.4em', margin = '0 0 0.4em 0.4em', }) --Title local title = item:getLabel() or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text if args.keep_title_case == nil or #args.keep_title_case == 0 or args.keep_title_case == 'false' then title = langObject:ucfirst(title) end databoxRoot:tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['background-color'] = 'LightGrey', padding = '0em 0.4', margin = '0em 0', ['font-size'] = '120%', ['font-weight'] = 'bold', }) :wikitext(title) --Description local descr, descrLang = item:getDescriptionWithLang() if descrLang == lang then -- Do not show any fallback language databoxRoot:tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', padding = '0.2em 0.4', margin = '0.0em 0.4', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(langObject:ucfirst(descr):sub(1,-1)) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. ']]</sup>') end --Show first good image with legend/caption in content language, or first good image if tonumber(height) > 0 then local images = item:getBestStatements('P18') -- p18 is 'image' if #images >= 1 then local image = images[1] for _, i in pairs(images) do if i.qualifiers and i.qualifiers.P2096 then -- P2096 is 'caption' for _, c in pairs(i.qualifiers.P2096) do if c.snaktype == 'value' and c.datavalue.value.language == lang then caption = c image = i break end end end if caption then break end end if image.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. image.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') if caption then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(caption.datavalue.value.text) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. 'P18' .. ']]</sup>') end end end end --Table: local dataTable = databoxRoot :tag('table') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'left', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['hyphens'] = 'auto', -- works only in some browsers and languages ['word-break'] = 'break-word', ['width'] = '100%', ['table-layout'] = 'fixed', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) --Instance of: local dataValues local statements = item:getBestStatements('P31') if #statements > list_length then -- Hide too long list of values if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med dold lång lista]]' end elseif #statements >= 1 then dataValues=item:formatStatements('P31').value if lang == 'sv' then if dataValues:match("<span>%[%[Människa|människa%]%]</span>") then -- Remove 'is instance of' -> 'human' TODO: Same for other languages if #statements == 1 then dataValues = '' else dataValues = dataValues:gsub("<span>%[%[Människa|människa%]%]</span>,?%s?", "") end end elseif lang == 'da' then if dataValues:match("<span>%[%[Menneske|menneske%]%]</span>") then -- Remove 'is instance of' -> 'human' if #statements == 1 then dataValues = '' else dataValues = dataValues:gsub("<span>%[%[Menneske|menneske%]%]</span>,?%s?", "") end end end dataValues = dataValues:gsub(", </span>$", "</span>") -- Removing ending comma after removed ", human" if #dataValues > 0 then dataValues=listCase(dataValues) dataTable:tag('caption') :css({ ['background-color'] = 'LightGrey', ['font-weight'] = 'bold', ['margin-top'] = '0.4em', margin = '0.5em 0', padding = '1em 1', }) :wikitext(dataValues) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#P31' .. ']]</sup>') if #statements >= math.max(list_length-3,3) and lang == 'sv' then -- warning of long list but not too long list wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med lång lista]]' end end end local properties = mw.wikibase.orderProperties(item:getProperties()) local property_blacklist_hash = Set(property_blacklist) property_blacklist_hash['P18'] = true --Showed separately property_blacklist_hash['P31'] = true --Showed separately local property_whitelist_hash = Set(property_whitelist) local properties_with_parents_hash = Set(properties_with_parents) local properties_with_children_hash = Set(properties_with_children) local countryid = ' ' pcall(function () countryid = item.claims['P17'][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id end) for _, property in pairs(properties) do local datatype = item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datatype local statements = item:getBestStatements(property) if ( (datatype ~= 'external-id' and datatype ~= 'commonsMedia' and datatype ~= 'url') or property_whitelist_hash[property] ) and not property_blacklist_hash[property] and 1 <= #statements then if #statements > list_length then if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med dold lång lista]]' end else local propertyValue = item:formatStatements(property) propertyValue.label = langObject:ucfirst(hyphenate(propertyValue.label, lang)) -- left table cell content local propertyEntity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(property) -- Time consuming if propertyEntity then -- Replace property name by short name if only one in content language: if propertyEntity['claims']['P1813'] then local shortNames = propertyEntity['claims']['P1813'] -- 'P1813' = short name. shortname = '' for _, s in pairs(shortNames) do if s.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then -- (Should check that only one value is in the content lang) if #shortname > 0 then shortname = '' break -- Several shortnames in the local language end shortname = s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text end end if #shortname > 0 then propertyValue.label = langObject:ucfirst(hyphenate(shortname, lang)) end end -- Link row label (property name) to related article in content language: local propertySubjects = propertyEntity:getBestStatements('P1629') -- 'P1629 = subject item of this property' if #propertySubjects == 1 and propertyEntity['claims']['P1629'][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local subjectItemQid = propertyEntity['claims']['P1629'][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id articleSitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(subjectItemQid) if articleSitelink ~= nil then -- Property subject item has local article propertyValue.label = '[[' .. articleSitelink .. '|' .. propertyValue.label .. ']]' end end end local dataValues -- right table cell content if #statements == 1 and levels >= 2 and (properties_with_parents_hash[property] or properties_with_children_hash[property]) then dataValues = propertyValue.value if merged_chronology and property == 'P156' then -- If 'P155' (follows) already shown as bulleted list, P156 (followed by) should be part of same list. propertyValue.label = '' -- Hide 'Followed by' in left column end if property == 'P155' or property == 'P156' then -- follows or followed by dataValues = '• ' .. dataValues end local level = {} -- Show parent/child item if any: if item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then level[1] = {} level[1].value = item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value -- (Can give non-best statement?) level[1].item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(level[1].value.id) -- Time consuming level[1].statements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[1].item.id, property) end if item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and #level[1].statements == 1 and level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue then level[1].qid = level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if level[1].qid ~= countryid then -- do not repeat country as administrative belonging or place level[1].propertyValue = level[1].item:formatStatements(property) if level[1].propertyValue then -- Show multi-level list as bulleted list: if not (property == 'P155' or property == 'P156') then dataValues = '• ' .. dataValues end level[1].qid = level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if properties_with_children_hash[property] then -- next lower level / child item: put in end of the list. if property == 'P156' then -- follows dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value else -- indent dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. '&nbsp;• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value end else -- next higher level / parent item: put first in list if property == 'P155' then -- followed by dataValues = '• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>' .. dataValues else -- indent dataValues = '• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>&nbsp;' .. dataValues end end local lc = 2 -- level counter while lc<levels and level[lc-1].item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue do level[lc]={} level[lc].value = level[lc-1].item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value -- (Best statement?) level[lc].item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(level[lc].value.id) -- Time consuming level[lc].statements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[lc].item.id, property) if #level[lc].statements > 0 and level[lc].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue then level[lc].qid = level[lc].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if #level[lc].statements == 1 and level[lc].qid ~= countryid -- do not repeat country as administrative belonging or place then level[lc].propertyValue = level[lc].item:formatStatements(property) -- (Best statement?) if properties_with_children_hash[property] then -- next lower level / child item if property == 'P156' then -- follows dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value else -- indent dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. string.rep('&nbsp;', lc) .. '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value end else -- next higher level / parent item if property == 'P155' then -- followed by dataValues = '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>' .. dataValues else -- indent dataValues = '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>&nbsp;' .. dataValues:gsub('<br/>', '<br/>&nbsp;') end end lc = lc+1 else break end else break end end -- while lc if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med ' .. lc .. ' nivåer]]' end end end end if property == 'P155' then -- P155 (follows) was a bulleted list if level[1] then followed_by = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[1].item.id, 'P156') if followed_by and #followed_by == 1 then -- P156 (followed by) may also be a bulleted list -- Show merged chronology list, including this wikidata object dataValues = dataValues .. "<p>• \'\'\'" .. item:getLabel() .. "\'\'\'" if lang == 'da' or lang == 'sv' then propertyValue.label = 'Kronologi' merged_chronology = true end if lang == 'en' then propertyValue.label = 'Chronology' merged_chronology = true end end end end else -- not a multi-level list if datatype == 'url' then -- only show first url if statements[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then if #statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value>40 then -- replace long url by "link" if lang == 'sv' then dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' länk]') else dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' link]') end else -- hide "https://" or "http:// and / in the end" dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' ' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub('https?://', ''):gsub('/$', '') .. ']') end end elseif datatype == 'geo-shape' then -- only show first geo-shape if lang == 'sv' then dataValues = frame:preprocess('[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub(' ', '_') .. ' kartlänk]') else dataValues = frame:preprocess('[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub(' ', '_') .. ' link]') end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then for _, s in pairs(statements) do if s.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then dataValues = frame:preprocess(s.mainsnak.datavalue.value) if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med monolingualtext]]' end break -- Maximum one monolingualtext per property end end else dataValues = frame:preprocess(propertyValue.value) if #statements > 1 then dataValues = listSeparate(dataValues, list_separator) end if datatype == 'time' then dataValues = year(dataValues, lang, replaceTime) end if #statements >= math.max(list_length-3,3) and lang == 'sv' then --Warning on long but not hidden list wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med lång lista]]' end end end -- Replace "no value" with a dash: if dataValues and noValueDict[lang] then dataValues = dataValues:gsub('<span>' .. noValueDict[lang] .. '</span>', '<span>–</span>') end -- Render table row: if dataValues and dataValues ~= '<span>–</span>' then dataTable:tag('tr') :tag('th') :css({ ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', }) :attr('scope', 'row') :attr('colspan', '1') :wikitext(frame:preprocess(propertyValue.label)):done() :tag('td') :css({ ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', }) :attr('colspan', '2') :wikitext(dataValues) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. property .. ']]</sup>') end -- if dataValues end -- if #statements end -- if datatype end -- for property --Automatic coordinate location map(s) if zoom >= 0 then local coordinates_statements = item:getBestStatements('P625') -- P625 is coordinate location local cnt = 0 for _, s in pairs(coordinates_statements) do if s.mainsnak.datavalue and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.globe == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2' then cnt = cnt + 1 databoxRoot:wikitext(buildInteractiveMap(width, s.mainsnak.datavalue.value, item.id, zoom)) if lang == 'sv' then if cnt == 1 then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med kartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' else wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med flera kartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' end end end if cnt >= maxFiles then break -- Show maximum maxFiles maps or coordinates. end end -- for end --Other commonsMedia files: show first good file for each property that have media legend in content language if tonumber(height) > 0 then for _, property in pairs(properties) do local datatype = item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datatype local statements = item:getBestStatements(property) if (datatype == 'commonsMedia') and not property_blacklist_hash[property] and property ~= 'P18' then -- Image showed separately local files = item:getBestStatements(property) if #files >= 1 then local file local caption for _, i in pairs(files) do if i.qualifiers then if i.qualifiers.P2096 then -- P2096 is 'caption' for _, q in pairs(i.qualifiers.P2096) do if q.snaktype == 'value' and q.datavalue.value.language == lang then caption = q file = i break end end elseif langId and i.qualifiers.P407 then -- P407 is 'language of work or name' for _, q in pairs(i.qualifiers.P407) do if q.snaktype == 'value' and q.datavalue.value.id == langId -- local language then file = i break end end end end -- if i.qualifiers if file then break end end -- for _, i in pairs(files) if file then if caption then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. file.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(caption.datavalue.value.text) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. property .. ']]</sup>') else -- no caption databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. file.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) end -- if caption if lang == 'sv' then if property == 'P242' then -- P242 is 'locator map image' wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med översiktskartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' else wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med andra mediafiler i Databox]]' .. ' ' end end end -- if file end -- if #files end -- if datatype end -- for _, property end -- if height --Category if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then -- Only in main namespace if tostring(databoxRoot):match('<span>Q%d+</span>') then if lang == 'da' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox der viser Qid-kode]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox som visar qid-kod]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'en' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Category:Databox that shows qid code]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'frr' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategorie:Databox mit Qid-Code]]' .. ' ' end end if #wikicategory then databoxRoot:wikitext(wikicategory) end end if #dump then databoxRoot:wikitext(dump) end return tostring(databoxRoot) end -- function return p o6aqad2ofxhjqlaub31a8pa99wxxa99 120335 120334 2026-08-28T03:01:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Test 120335 Scribunto text/plain -- This extended version of Databox is stored at https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Databox, but can be used by other languages -- Versions: (Besides minor adjustments to the property_blacklist and layout) -- 2024-03-03 Parameter "keep_title_case" to not change first letter to upper case (default false) -- 2023-06-18 Shows monolingualtext but only in local language - and maximum one value per property -- Can show any commonsMedia file that has media caption qualifier in the local language, or with content in ("language of work" qualifier) the local language -- Can show several maps if several coordinates, limited by parameter maxFiles (default 1). -- 2023-06-11 Locator map image shown if it has media caption in the local language -- 2020-05-25 Hide "is instance of" -> "human" -- 2020-05-25 Category:Databox that shows qid code -- 2020-05-24 Years linked to articles. Decades, centuries and millennia formated in local language. -- 2020-05-13 P155 (follows) and P156 (followed by) merged into one "Chronology" list, also showing current object. -- Parameter "list_separator" for replacing comma in lists. -- 2020-05-10 Parameter "era" for choosing if year "BCE" (or similar in local language) should be replaced by "BC", empty string or other. -- Upper-case initial letter of P31 (instance of). -- 2020-05-05 P31 hidden if too long list. Administrative wiki category if too long list. -- 2020-05-02 More than two parent/child levels in bulleted list. -- 2020-05-01 Property short names based on P1813. Image legend/caption. -- 2020-04-28 Properties linked to articles (based on Property:P1629 of the property). -- Datatype "url" not shown (except for official web site). Input parameter "levels". -- 2020-04-27 Two higher and two lower levels of child and parent items shown as bulleted list for some properties -- 2020-04-21 Parameters "width", "height", "zoom" and "list_length". Soft hyphens auto-inserted in long property names. -- 2020-04-18 (Monolingual text strings hidden.) Property name hidden if no good value. First image shown if several images. -- 2020-04-16 Description shown (only in local language). First letter of label upper-case. -- 2020-04-13 Values of datatype "quantity" shown. Pen hidden in printout. -- 2020-04-13 Mapframe code copied from the 2019-03-04 af.wikipedia.org version. -- 2020-04-07 Imported from the 2019-04-26 fr.wikipedia.org version -- Blocked properties: local property_blacklist = { 'P10280', -- category for honorary citizens of entity 'P1036', -- DDC 'P1149', -- LCC 'P1150', -- RVK 'P1151', -- topic's main Wikimedia portal 'P1190', -- UDC 'P1193', -- prevalence (often different value in different countries) 'P1200', -- bodies of water basin category 'P1204', -- Wikimedia portal's main topic 'P1282', -- OSM tag or key 'P1299', -- depicted by 'P1343', -- described by source 'P1382', -- coincident with 'P1402', -- Foundational Model of Anatomy ID 'P1423', -- template's main topic 'P1424', -- topic's main template 'P1433', -- published in 'P1438', -- Jewish Encyclopedia ID (Russian)e 'P1461', -- Patientplus ID 'P1464', -- category for people born here 'P1465', -- category for people who died here 'P1472', -- Commons Creator page 'P1559', -- name in native language 'P1612', -- Commons Institution page 'P1687', -- Wikidata main property for this item 'P1692', -- ICD-9-CM code 'P1709', -- equivalent class 'P1740', -- category for films shot at this location 'P1748', -- NCI Thesaurus ID 'P1753', -- list related to category 'P1754', -- category related to list 'P1791', -- category of people buried here 'P1792', -- category of associated people 'P1793', -- format as a regex 'P1814', -- Japanese name in kana 'P1830', -- owner of (seldom useful) 'P1889', -- different from 'P1921', -- Wikidata RDF URI format 'P1963', -- properties for this type 'P1987', -- MCN code 'P2033', -- Category for pictures taken with camera 'P217', -- inventory number 'P2176', -- drug used for treatment (we avoid medical advise) 'P2184', -- History of subject. (Should be shown if article in local language) 'P2263', -- ISOCat id 'P2283', -- Uses 'P2293', -- genetic association 'P2354', -- list article (seldom available in local language) 'P2445', -- metasubclass of 'P2517', -- category for recipients of this award 'P2540', -- Aarne–Thompson–Uther Tale Type Index 'P2559', -- Wikidata usage instructions 'P2572', -- hashtag 'P2670', -- has parts of the class 'P2737', -- union of 'P2738', -- disjoint union of 'P2817', -- appears in the heritage monument list 'P2860', -- cites 'P2888', -- exact match 'P2959', -- permanent duplicated item 'P301', -- category's main topic 'P3113', -- does not have part 'P3176', -- uses property 'P360', --is a list of 'P3722', -- Commons maps category 'P373', -- Commons category 'P3761', -- IPv4 range 'P3876', -- category for alumni of educational institution 'P3921', -- Wikidata SPARQL query equivalent 'P3950', -- narrower external class 'P4195', -- category for employees of the organization 'P4224', --category contains 'P4354', -- search formatter URL 'P460', -- said to be the same as 'P461', -- opposite of 'P4839', -- Wolfram Language entity code 'P487', -- Unicode character 'P4969', -- derivative work 'P5008', -- on focus list of Wikimedia project 'P5125', -- wikimedia outline 'P528', -- catalog code 'P553', -- web site account 'P5692', -- Wikidata dummy value 'P5869', -- model item 'P5996', -- Category for films in this language 'P6104', -- Maintained by Wikiproject 'P6112', -- category for members of a team 'P6216', -- copyright status 'P6344', -- rural population 'P6365', -- member category 'P667', -- ICPC 2 ID 'P6686', -- musical motif (not supported) 'P7084', -- related category 'P747', -- editions 'P7561', -- for the interior of the item 'P7763', -- copyright status as a creator 'P7782', -- category for ship name 'P7867', -- category for maps 'P7973', -- quantity symbol (LaTeX) 'P8402', -- open data portal 'P859', -- sponsor 'P8596', -- category for multimedia files depicting exterior views of this item 'P8687', -- social media followers 'P8933', -- category for the view from the item 'P8989', -- category for the view of the item 'P910', -- topic's main category 'P935', -- Commons gallery 'P944', -- Code of nomenclature 'P968', -- email 'P971', -- category combines topics 'P972', -- catalogue 'P989', -- spoken text. (Should be shown if in local language) } -- Exceptions to the datatype blocking: local property_whitelist = { 'P856', -- official website 'P3896',-- geoshape 'P345', -- IMDB id 'P6375' -- street address } -- Properties with higher level items: local properties_with_parents = { 'P131', -- located in the administrative territorial entity 'P144', -- based on 'P155', -- follows 'P171', -- parent taxon 'P276', -- location 'P279', -- subclass of 'P361', -- part of 'P706', -- located on terrain feature 'P749', -- parent organization 'P807', -- separated/forked from 'P1365', -- replaced 'P1647', -- subproperty of 'P3730' -- next higher rank } local properties_with_children = { -- Properties with lower level items: 'P150', -- contains administrative territorial entity 'P156', -- followed by 'P355', -- subsidiary 'P527', -- has part 'P1012', -- contains 'P1366', -- replaced by 'P3729', -- next lower rank 'P4330', -- contains 'P7888' -- merged into } local function buildInteractiveMap(width, point, item_id, zoom) --Utility function to build maps local geojson = { { type = 'Feature', geometry = { type = "Point", coordinates = {point.longitude, point.latitude} }, properties = { title = point.text or '', ['marker-symbol'] = point.marker or 'marker', ['marker-color'] = point.markercolor or "#224422", } } } local args = { ['height'] = width, ['width'] = width, ['frameless'] = 'frameless', ['align'] = 'center', ['latitude'] = point.latitude, ['longitude'] = point.longitude, ['zoom'] = zoom, ['lang'] = lang -- fallbacks to wiki language if local name is missing. ) } return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('mapframe', mw.text.jsonEncode(geojson), args) end function Set(list) -- values to booleans with keys local set = {} for _, l in pairs(list) do set[l] = true end return set end function listCase(str) -- Capitalizes first visible character of list produced by formatStatements() -- Example: <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> -- --> <span><span>[[link|First item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> return str :gsub('^<span><span>%[%[(.-)|(.-)%]%]</span>', function(a,b) return '<span><span>[[' .. a .. '|' .. b:gsub('^%l', string.upper) .. ']]</span>' end) :gsub('^<span><span>(%l)', function(a) return '<span><span>' ..string.upper(a) end) end function listSeparate(str, list_separator) -- Replaces comma in list produced by formatStatements() -- Example: list_separator = ';<br>' -- str = <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>, <span>second item</span></span> -- -> <span><span>[[link|first item]]</span>;<br> <span>second item</span></span> if list_separator ~= ',' then return str :gsub('</span>,', '</span>'..list_separator) else return str end end function hyphenate(str, lang) -- Inserts soft hyphens in long words, typically before each consonant that is followed by a vowel (lower-case letters) -- Should work good enough for most languages. Language specific exceptions may be added. local nonHyphenatedLanguages = Set{'ar', 'he', 'zh', 'ja', 'ko', 'vi', 'fa', 'ps'} if nonHyphenatedLanguages[lang] then -- Not languages without alphabetic writing system or with few vowels return str end result = '' for word in str:gmatch("%S+") do if #word < 10 then result = result .. ' ' .. word else result = result .. ' ' .. word:sub(1,3) -- Not too early in word .. word:sub(4) :gsub("([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxzđçčĉñŋĝĥĵŝšŧžßÐðþğşśćńŁżźбвгжийклмнпрст]" .. "[aouåeiyäöæøáéíóúýàèâêëüãŭœāēīōūəąęóадеёзоу])", "&shy;%1") -- Insert soft-hyphens before each consonant that is followed by vowel :gsub("&shy;([\128-\193])", "%1" ) -- Revert split of two-byte UTF-8 character :gsub("-(%a?%a?%a?%a?)&shy;", "-%1"):gsub("&shy;(%a?%a?%a?%a?)-", "%1-") -- Not too near a hard hyphen -- Some Scandinavian exceptions for wikidata properties, relevant to similar languages: :gsub("&shy;x", "x&shy;") -- Example: tids-komp-le-xi-tet -> tids-komp-lex-i-tet :gsub("sc&shy;h", "&shy;sch") -- Example: sc-h -> -sch :gsub("ss&shy;j", "s&shy;sj")-- Example: ss-j-> s-sj :gsub("n&shy;g", "ng&shy;") -- Example: n-g -> ng- :gsub("ngs", "ngs&shy;") -- Example: Befolk-ningsg-rup-pe -> Befolk-nings-g-rup-pe, Rege-ring-s-che-fens -> Rege-rings-chefens :gsub("g&shy;rup&shy;pe", "&shy;gruppe") -- Example: g-rup-pe -> -gruppe :gsub("nist&shy;ra", "nis&shy;tra") -- Example: admi-nist-ra-tion -> admi-nis-tra-tion :gsub("&shy;ror&shy;ga[&shy;]*n", "r&shy;organ") -- Example: dotte-ror-ga-ni-sa-tion -> dotter-organi-sa-tion :gsub("&shy;rob[&shy;]*jek", "r&shy;objek") -- Example: dot-te-rob-jekt -> dot-ter-objekt :gsub("s&shy;ta&shy;tus", "&shy;status") -- Example: skydds-status :gsub("k&shy;las[&shy;]*s", "&shy;klass") -- Example: deci-malk-las-si-fi-ka-tion -> deci-mal-klas-si-fi-ka-tion :gsub("&shy;nom&shy;rå&shy;de", "n&shy;område") -- Example: vatte-nom-rå-de -> vatten-område :gsub("&shy;som&shy;rå&shy;de", "s&shy;område") -- Example: Rets-gyl-dig-hed-som-rå-de -> Rets-gyl-dig-heds-om-rå-de :gsub("ra&shy;lort", "ral&shy;ort") -- Example: central-ort :gsub("s&shy;kydd", "&shy;skydd") -- Example: Kul-turs-kydd -> Kul-tur-skydd :gsub("k&shy;ri&shy;te&shy;ri", "&shy;kri&shy;te&shy;ri")-- Example: Värld-sarvsk-ri-te-rium -> Värld-sarvs-kri-te-rium :gsub("guasp&shy;he", "gua&shy;sphe") -- Example: lingua-sphere :gsub("gars&shy;kap", "gar&shy;skap") -- Example: medbor-gars-kap -> medbor-gar-skap :gsub("k&shy;var&shy;ter", "&shy;kvarter") -- Example: Hovedk-var-ter -> Hoved-kvarter :gsub("s&shy;ted", "&shy;sted") -- Example: Pro-duk-tionss-ted -> Pro-duk-tions-sted :gsub("t&shy;rä&shy;dan&shy;de", "&shy;trä&shy;dan&shy;de") -- Example: plats för förs-ta framt-rä-dan-de -> plats för förs-ta fram-trä-dan-de :gsub("&shy;&shy;", "&shy;") -- Example -- -> - end end return result:sub(2,-1) -- :gsub("&shy;", "-") -- Show soft hyphens as hard hyphens. Only for sandboxed test purposes. end function year(str, lang, replaceTime) -- Postprocesses years (datatype time) in local language -- Incorrect formating of the first decade. if lang == 'sv' then str = str :gsub("<span>0</span>", "<span>00-talet</span>") :gsub("<span>0 BCE</span>", "<span>00-talet f.v.t.</span>") end -- Replace BCE with BC (or corresponding in local language) depending on era template parameter: if replaceTime then for p,r in pairs(replaceTime) do str = str:gsub(p, r) end end -- Link years to articles: str = str :gsub("([%s>])(%d?%d?%d?%d)</span>", "%1[[%2]]</span>") -- April 1852 -> April [[1852]] :gsub("([%s>])(%d?%d?%d?%d) ([%a%.]*)</span>", "%1[[%2 %3]]</span>") -- April 20 BCE -> April [[20 BCE]] -- Format decades, centuries and millennias correctly in local language, and link to articles: if lang=='sv' then str = str :gsub("(%d?1%d)%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:e år%2%3det") -- 12. årtusende -> 12:e årtusendet :gsub("(%d?%d?[1-2])%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:a år%2%3det") -- 2. århundrade -> 2:a århundradet :gsub("(%d?%d?[0,3-9])%.? år([h|t])(%a+)det?", "%1:e år%2%3det") -- 13 århundrandet f.Kr. -> 13:e århundradet f.Kr :gsub("<span>(%d?%d?%d?)00-talet</span>", "<span>[[%100-talet (decennium)]]</span>") -- 1900-talet -> [[1900-talet (årtionde)]] :gsub("<span>(%d?%d?%d?)00-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%100-talet (decennium) %2]]</span>") -- 100-talet f.Kr. -> [[100-talet f.Kr. (decennium)]] :gsub("(%d?%d?%d):[a|e] århundradet", function(a) return tonumber(a)-1 .. '00-talet' end) -- 21:a århundradet -> 2000-talet :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet]]</span>") -- 2000-talet -> [[2000-talet]] :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet %2]]</span>") -- 000-talet f.Kr. -> [[000-talet f.Kr.]] :gsub("(%d?%d?%d):[a|e] årtusendet", function(a) return tonumber(a)-1 .. '000-talet' end) -- 2:a århundradet -> 2000-talet :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet (millennium)]]</span>") -- 2000-talet -> [[2000-talet (millennium)]] :gsub("<span>(%d+)-talet ([%a%.]*)</span>", "<span>[[%1-talet %2 (millennium)]]</span>") -- 0000-talet f.Kr. -> [[0000-talet f.Kr. (millennium)]] end return str end local p = {} function p.databox(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local itemId = nil if args.item then itemId = args.item end local item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(itemId) if item == nil then mw.addWarning("Wikidata item not found") return "" end local width = '260' -- default max width of template, image and map, and height of map if args.width then width = args.width end local height = '240' -- default max height of image. hidden if <= 0. if args.height then height = args.height end local zoom = 12 -- default map zoom level. hidden if <0. if args.zoom then zoom = tonumber(args.zoom) end local list_length = 8 -- default max no of values in lists if args.list_length then list_length = tonumber(args.list_length) end local list_separator = ',' -- default no replacement of comma in lists if args.list_separator then list_separator = args.list_separator end local levels = 3 -- default max no of child and parent levels if args.levels then levels = tonumber(args.levels) end local maxFiles = 1 -- default max no of coordinate location maps if args.maxFiles then maxFiles = tonumber(args.maxFiles) end local langObject = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local lang = langObject:getCode() local langIdDict = { -- Dictionary for translating language code to language Wikidata item id ['af'] = 'Q14196', ['atj'] = 'Q56590', ['be-tarask'] = 'Q8937989', ['ca'] = 'Q7026', ['ceb'] = 'Q33239', ['ckb'] = 'Q36811', ['cs'] = 'Q9056', ['da'] = 'Q9035', ['dag'] = 'Q32238', ['de'] = 'Q188', ['en'] = 'Q1860', ['es'] = 'Q1321', ['ewe'] = 'Q30005', ['fi'] = 'Q1412', ['fa'] = 'Q9168', ['fr'] = 'Q150', ['frr'] = 'Q28224', ['haw'] = 'Q33569', ['he'] = 'Q9288', ['hi'] = 'Q1568', ['it'] = 'Q652', ['ja'] = 'Q5287', ['kab'] = 'Q35853', ['ko'] = 'Q9176', ['mzn'] = 'Q13356', ['nap'] = 'Q33845', ['nds'] = 'Q25433', ['nl'] = 'Q10000', ['no'] = 'Q9043', ['nqo'] = 'Q18546266', ['pap'] = 'Q33856', ['pl'] = 'Q809', ['pcm'] = 'Q33655', ['pt'] = 'Q5146', ['ru'] = 'Q7737', ['rue'] = 'Q26245', ['sh'] = 'Q9301', ['sv'] = 'Q9027', ['tr'] = 'Q256', ['uk'] = 'Q8798', ['vi'] = 'Q9199', ['zh'] = 'Q7850' } local dump = '' local langId -- Local language Wikidata item id langId = langIdDict[lang] or nil local edit_message = mw.message.new('vector-view-edit'):plain() .. ' Wikidata' -- Date formating local bceDict = { -- Dictionary: Before current era (BCE) in different languages ['da'] = 'f.v.t.', ['en'] = 'BCE', ['sv'] = 'f.v.t.' } local bcDict = { -- Dictionary: Before Christ (BC) in different languages ['da'] = 'f.Kr.', ['en'] = 'BC', ['sv'] = 'f.Kr.' } local bc = bcDict[lang] or 'BC' local bce = bceDict[lang] or 'BCE' local era = bc -- default era if args.era then if args.era == 'BC' then era = bc -- replace 'BCE' by 'BC' in content language elseif args.era == 'BCE' then era = bce -- replace 'BC' by 'BCE' in content language else era = args.era -- replace 'BCE' and 'BC' by arbitrary argument value, for example empty string end end local replaceTime = {} -- global variable replaceTime[' BCE'] = ' '..era replaceTime[' '..bce] = ' '..era replaceTime[' '..bc] = ' '..era local noValueDict = { -- Dictionary: No value ['da'] = 'ingen værdi', ['en'] = 'no value', ['sv'] = 'inget värde' } local wikicategory = '' local databoxRoot = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('infobox') :css({ float = 'right', clear = 'right', border = '1px solid #aaa', ['background-color'] = '#f9f9f9', ['width'] = width .. 'px', padding = '0 0.4em', margin = '0 0 0.4em 0.4em', }) --Title local title = item:getLabel() or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text if args.keep_title_case == nil or #args.keep_title_case == 0 or args.keep_title_case == 'false' then title = langObject:ucfirst(title) end databoxRoot:tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['background-color'] = 'LightGrey', padding = '0em 0.4', margin = '0em 0', ['font-size'] = '120%', ['font-weight'] = 'bold', }) :wikitext(title) --Description local descr, descrLang = item:getDescriptionWithLang() if descrLang == lang then -- Do not show any fallback language databoxRoot:tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', padding = '0.2em 0.4', margin = '0.0em 0.4', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(langObject:ucfirst(descr):sub(1,-1)) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. ']]</sup>') end --Show first good image with legend/caption in content language, or first good image if tonumber(height) > 0 then local images = item:getBestStatements('P18') -- p18 is 'image' if #images >= 1 then local image = images[1] for _, i in pairs(images) do if i.qualifiers and i.qualifiers.P2096 then -- P2096 is 'caption' for _, c in pairs(i.qualifiers.P2096) do if c.snaktype == 'value' and c.datavalue.value.language == lang then caption = c image = i break end end end if caption then break end end if image.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. image.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') if caption then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(caption.datavalue.value.text) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. 'P18' .. ']]</sup>') end end end end --Table: local dataTable = databoxRoot :tag('table') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'left', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['hyphens'] = 'auto', -- works only in some browsers and languages ['word-break'] = 'break-word', ['width'] = '100%', ['table-layout'] = 'fixed', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) --Instance of: local dataValues local statements = item:getBestStatements('P31') if #statements > list_length then -- Hide too long list of values if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med dold lång lista]]' end elseif #statements >= 1 then dataValues=item:formatStatements('P31').value if lang == 'sv' then if dataValues:match("<span>%[%[Människa|människa%]%]</span>") then -- Remove 'is instance of' -> 'human' TODO: Same for other languages if #statements == 1 then dataValues = '' else dataValues = dataValues:gsub("<span>%[%[Människa|människa%]%]</span>,?%s?", "") end end elseif lang == 'da' then if dataValues:match("<span>%[%[Menneske|menneske%]%]</span>") then -- Remove 'is instance of' -> 'human' if #statements == 1 then dataValues = '' else dataValues = dataValues:gsub("<span>%[%[Menneske|menneske%]%]</span>,?%s?", "") end end end dataValues = dataValues:gsub(", </span>$", "</span>") -- Removing ending comma after removed ", human" if #dataValues > 0 then dataValues=listCase(dataValues) dataTable:tag('caption') :css({ ['background-color'] = 'LightGrey', ['font-weight'] = 'bold', ['margin-top'] = '0.4em', margin = '0.5em 0', padding = '1em 1', }) :wikitext(dataValues) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#P31' .. ']]</sup>') if #statements >= math.max(list_length-3,3) and lang == 'sv' then -- warning of long list but not too long list wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med lång lista]]' end end end local properties = mw.wikibase.orderProperties(item:getProperties()) local property_blacklist_hash = Set(property_blacklist) property_blacklist_hash['P18'] = true --Showed separately property_blacklist_hash['P31'] = true --Showed separately local property_whitelist_hash = Set(property_whitelist) local properties_with_parents_hash = Set(properties_with_parents) local properties_with_children_hash = Set(properties_with_children) local countryid = ' ' pcall(function () countryid = item.claims['P17'][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id end) for _, property in pairs(properties) do local datatype = item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datatype local statements = item:getBestStatements(property) if ( (datatype ~= 'external-id' and datatype ~= 'commonsMedia' and datatype ~= 'url') or property_whitelist_hash[property] ) and not property_blacklist_hash[property] and 1 <= #statements then if #statements > list_length then if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med dold lång lista]]' end else local propertyValue = item:formatStatements(property) propertyValue.label = langObject:ucfirst(hyphenate(propertyValue.label, lang)) -- left table cell content local propertyEntity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(property) -- Time consuming if propertyEntity then -- Replace property name by short name if only one in content language: if propertyEntity['claims']['P1813'] then local shortNames = propertyEntity['claims']['P1813'] -- 'P1813' = short name. shortname = '' for _, s in pairs(shortNames) do if s.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then -- (Should check that only one value is in the content lang) if #shortname > 0 then shortname = '' break -- Several shortnames in the local language end shortname = s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text end end if #shortname > 0 then propertyValue.label = langObject:ucfirst(hyphenate(shortname, lang)) end end -- Link row label (property name) to related article in content language: local propertySubjects = propertyEntity:getBestStatements('P1629') -- 'P1629 = subject item of this property' if #propertySubjects == 1 and propertyEntity['claims']['P1629'][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local subjectItemQid = propertyEntity['claims']['P1629'][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id articleSitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(subjectItemQid) if articleSitelink ~= nil then -- Property subject item has local article propertyValue.label = '[[' .. articleSitelink .. '|' .. propertyValue.label .. ']]' end end end local dataValues -- right table cell content if #statements == 1 and levels >= 2 and (properties_with_parents_hash[property] or properties_with_children_hash[property]) then dataValues = propertyValue.value if merged_chronology and property == 'P156' then -- If 'P155' (follows) already shown as bulleted list, P156 (followed by) should be part of same list. propertyValue.label = '' -- Hide 'Followed by' in left column end if property == 'P155' or property == 'P156' then -- follows or followed by dataValues = '• ' .. dataValues end local level = {} -- Show parent/child item if any: if item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then level[1] = {} level[1].value = item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value -- (Can give non-best statement?) level[1].item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(level[1].value.id) -- Time consuming level[1].statements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[1].item.id, property) end if item['claims'][property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and #level[1].statements == 1 and level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue then level[1].qid = level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if level[1].qid ~= countryid then -- do not repeat country as administrative belonging or place level[1].propertyValue = level[1].item:formatStatements(property) if level[1].propertyValue then -- Show multi-level list as bulleted list: if not (property == 'P155' or property == 'P156') then dataValues = '• ' .. dataValues end level[1].qid = level[1].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if properties_with_children_hash[property] then -- next lower level / child item: put in end of the list. if property == 'P156' then -- follows dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value else -- indent dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. '&nbsp;• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value end else -- next higher level / parent item: put first in list if property == 'P155' then -- followed by dataValues = '• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>' .. dataValues else -- indent dataValues = '• ' .. level[1].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>&nbsp;' .. dataValues end end local lc = 2 -- level counter while lc<levels and level[lc-1].item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue do level[lc]={} level[lc].value = level[lc-1].item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value -- (Best statement?) level[lc].item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(level[lc].value.id) -- Time consuming level[lc].statements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[lc].item.id, property) if #level[lc].statements > 0 and level[lc].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue then level[lc].qid = level[lc].statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if #level[lc].statements == 1 and level[lc].qid ~= countryid -- do not repeat country as administrative belonging or place then level[lc].propertyValue = level[lc].item:formatStatements(property) -- (Best statement?) if properties_with_children_hash[property] then -- next lower level / child item if property == 'P156' then -- follows dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value else -- indent dataValues = dataValues .. '<br/>' .. string.rep('&nbsp;', lc) .. '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value end else -- next higher level / parent item if property == 'P155' then -- followed by dataValues = '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>' .. dataValues else -- indent dataValues = '• ' .. level[lc].propertyValue.value .. '<br/>&nbsp;' .. dataValues:gsub('<br/>', '<br/>&nbsp;') end end lc = lc+1 else break end else break end end -- while lc if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med ' .. lc .. ' nivåer]]' end end end end if property == 'P155' then -- P155 (follows) was a bulleted list if level[1] then followed_by = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(level[1].item.id, 'P156') if followed_by and #followed_by == 1 then -- P156 (followed by) may also be a bulleted list -- Show merged chronology list, including this wikidata object dataValues = dataValues .. "<br>• \'\'\'" .. item:getLabel() .. "\'\'\'" if lang == 'da' or lang == 'sv' then propertyValue.label = 'Kronologi' merged_chronology = true end if lang == 'en' then propertyValue.label = 'Chronology' merged_chronology = true end end end end else -- not a multi-level list if datatype == 'url' then -- only show first url if statements[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then if #statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value>40 then -- replace long url by "link" if lang == 'sv' then dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' länk]') else dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' link]') end else -- hide "https://" or "http:// and / in the end" dataValues = frame:preprocess('[' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value .. ' ' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub('https?://', ''):gsub('/$', '') .. ']') end end elseif datatype == 'geo-shape' then -- only show first geo-shape if lang == 'sv' then dataValues = frame:preprocess('[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub(' ', '_') .. ' kartlänk]') else dataValues = frame:preprocess('[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/' .. statements[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value:gsub(' ', '_') .. ' link]') end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then for _, s in pairs(statements) do if s.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then dataValues = frame:preprocess(s.mainsnak.datavalue.value) if lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med monolingualtext]]' end break -- Maximum one monolingualtext per property end end else dataValues = frame:preprocess(propertyValue.value) if #statements > 1 then dataValues = listSeparate(dataValues, list_separator) end if datatype == 'time' then dataValues = year(dataValues, lang, replaceTime) end if #statements >= math.max(list_length-3,3) and lang == 'sv' then --Warning on long but not hidden list wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox med lång lista]]' end end end -- Replace "no value" with a dash: if dataValues and noValueDict[lang] then dataValues = dataValues:gsub('<span>' .. noValueDict[lang] .. '</span>', '<span>–</span>') end -- Render table row: if dataValues and dataValues ~= '<span>–</span>' then dataTable:tag('tr') :tag('th') :css({ ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', }) :attr('scope', 'row') :attr('colspan', '1') :wikitext(frame:preprocess(propertyValue.label)):done() :tag('td') :css({ ['vertical-align'] = 'text-top', }) :attr('colspan', '2') :wikitext(dataValues) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. property .. ']]</sup>') end -- if dataValues end -- if #statements end -- if datatype end -- for property --Automatic coordinate location map(s) if zoom >= 0 then local coordinates_statements = item:getBestStatements('P625') -- P625 is coordinate location local cnt = 0 for _, s in pairs(coordinates_statements) do if s.mainsnak.datavalue and s.mainsnak.datavalue.value.globe == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2' then cnt = cnt + 1 databoxRoot:wikitext(buildInteractiveMap(width, s.mainsnak.datavalue.value, item.id, zoom)) if lang == 'sv' then if cnt == 1 then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med kartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' else wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med flera kartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' end end end if cnt >= maxFiles then break -- Show maximum maxFiles maps or coordinates. end end -- for end --Other commonsMedia files: show first good file for each property that have media legend in content language if tonumber(height) > 0 then for _, property in pairs(properties) do local datatype = item.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datatype local statements = item:getBestStatements(property) if (datatype == 'commonsMedia') and not property_blacklist_hash[property] and property ~= 'P18' then -- Image showed separately local files = item:getBestStatements(property) if #files >= 1 then local file local caption for _, i in pairs(files) do if i.qualifiers then if i.qualifiers.P2096 then -- P2096 is 'caption' for _, q in pairs(i.qualifiers.P2096) do if q.snaktype == 'value' and q.datavalue.value.language == lang then caption = q file = i break end end elseif langId and i.qualifiers.P407 then -- P407 is 'language of work or name' for _, q in pairs(i.qualifiers.P407) do if q.snaktype == 'value' and q.datavalue.value.id == langId -- local language then file = i break end end end end -- if i.qualifiers if file then break end end -- for _, i in pairs(files) if file then if caption then databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. file.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) :wikitext(caption.datavalue.value.text) :wikitext('<sup class="noprint Inline-Template">&nbsp;[[File:Arbcom_ru_editing.svg|' .. edit_message .. '|8px|baseline|class=noviewer|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. item.id .. '#' .. property .. ']]</sup>') else -- no caption databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', padding = '0.0em 0.4', }) :wikitext('[[File:' .. file.mainsnak.datavalue.value .. '|frameless|' .. width .. 'x' .. height .. 'px]]') databoxRoot :tag('div') :css({ ['text-align'] = 'center', ['font-size'] = '90%', ['line-height'] = '140%', ['padding-bottom'] = '0.5em', }) end -- if caption if lang == 'sv' then if property == 'P242' then -- P242 is 'locator map image' wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med översiktskartor skapade med Databox]]' .. ' ' else wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Sidor med andra mediafiler i Databox]]' .. ' ' end end end -- if file end -- if #files end -- if datatype end -- for _, property end -- if height --Category if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then -- Only in main namespace if tostring(databoxRoot):match('<span>Q%d+</span>') then if lang == 'da' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox der viser Qid-kode]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'sv' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategori:Databox som visar qid-kod]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'en' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Category:Databox that shows qid code]]' .. ' ' elseif lang == 'frr' then wikicategory = wikicategory .. '[[Kategorie:Databox mit Qid-Code]]' .. ' ' end end if #wikicategory then databoxRoot:wikitext(wikicategory) end end if #dump then databoxRoot:wikitext(dump) end return tostring(databoxRoot) end -- function return p 827jtdogzwyxxxaot9y2az7398zbvmu 3 47402 120306 120305 2026-08-27T12:11:48Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE */ Zgolo 120306 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == Translation request 21 August 2026 == Hello viyowoyero-vya-Malawi, Can you please translate the page [[:en:Confine]] and [[:en:Poggio Chiesanuova]] into tumbuka? I look forward to the translation. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45617-66|&#126;2026-45617-66]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45617-66|pakuchezgela]]) 01:50, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:~2026-45617-66|~2026-45617-66]], I will do the translations later. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 02:13, 21 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == HOME PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Hi, how is the main page? Better, good, best or not good? I also saw your fix on main page about ''ChiTumbuka ''from '''''Chitumbuka''''', great! And good work! Can you give feedback on new home page interface. Yewo chomene. Pawemi (Best regards/All the best)- [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I also added hover effects if you hover on some articles on main page [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:20, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::Looks a lot better, wow! And yeah, I believe ''ChiTumbuka ''with a capital is better than ''Chitumbuka''. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:23, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Are you ljxa? == Please leave people alone, you're basically stalking cheesewhisk3rs and your excessive messages to my talk page are kinda creepy. Can you leave me alone? [[User:Jq|Jq]] ([[User talk:Jq|pakuchezgela]]) 19:25, 26 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :I'm sorry @[[User:Jq|Jq]], I don't understand what you are saying. Your talk page isn't yet created yet either. If you have a translation request, please leave it [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Mala%C5%B5i/TranslateCentral|here]]. Yewo chomene! '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 01:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == regarding next Wikimedia Malawi meet up == hi VvM, by any chance do you know when the next wikimedia Meet up is? Thank you [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:04, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] That I do not know. Possibly the better person to ask is Tumbuka Arch, as he is the founder of [[m:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi|Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi]]. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 06:08, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) ::okay, Whenever it happens i"ll see you there [[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] ([[User talk:Chanda Vavilaya|pakuchezgela]]) 06:18, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Chanda Vavilaya|Chanda Vavilaya]] to get notified of any incoming wiki meetups, you need to add your name there on that page. We have been telling you this on your talk page, but you haven't done it yet, nor replied to it. Add your name here: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Malawi/Founding_and_Participating] [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 09:50, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == Notice of changes to Template:Databox == Helo I am letting you know I am wanting to make changes to the Databox template on this wiki. I noticed hundreds of pagesmostly created by you use this template. Should these changes go through? I want it to look like [[:knc:Template:Databox]] [[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] ([[User talk:Katakǝnǝa|pakuchezgela]]) 09:17, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Katakǝnǝa|Katakǝnǝa]] Please do not. :The [[Template:Databox|current Databox on tumwiki]] stands out, rather than following the same format as other wikis. The example Databox you provided (from Central Kanuri Wikipedia) comes across as bland to me and does not exhibit the typical features of a normal infobox here. :If you really want to make this change, I recommend asking more users than just me. :Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 09:24, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Of course. I will create some articles on the home page which have red links soon. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:11, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) lnpeifjj4n4ntiknzkw38t3pq48va1j 0 48142 120333 119279 2026-08-28T01:05:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|2|0 */ 120333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|palije}} <!--Per MOS:BOLDTITLE and WP:SBE, please do not reword this to include the article's title.--> [[File:Malawi-map-blank.png|thumb|right|alt=Map of Malawi.|Mapu ya Malawi.]] [[Malawi|Malawi]] ntchimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vili na chitukuko chakukwana yayi pa charu chose. Mu [[Ndemanga ya chitukuko cha ŵanthu|Human Development Index]] ya chaka cha 2010, Malawi yikaŵa pa malo 170 pa vyaru 187.<ref name="Number52">{{Cite report |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2013 |title=Human Development Report 2013 |author=United Nations |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> Chalo ichi chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 16 miliyoni, ndipo 53% ŵawo ŵakukhala pasi pa [[Mphaka wa ukavu|mphaka wa ukavu]] wa charu. Pafupifupi 90% ŵakukhala na ndalama zakujumpha yayi madola gha ku America ghaŵiri pa zuŵa.<ref name="Number53">{{Cite web |title=FINCA Malawi |url=https://finca.org/where-we-work/africa/malawi/?wp-nocache=true |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=FINCA International |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Wupu wa Mitundu Yakwiza wa Kusungilira Ŵana|Wupu wa Ŵana wa United Nations]] (UNICEF) ukayowoya kuti mu Malawi muli ŵana 46,000 awo ŵakusuzgika chomene na [[kusowa chakurya chakukwana|kusowa chakurya]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_28776.html|title=High stakes for Malawi's children as malnutrition rises|publisher=[[UNICEF]]|date=2005-10-14|access-date=2007-12-13|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121023749/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_28776.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2023, UNICEF yikachenjezga kuti ŵana ŵakujumpha 500,000 mu Malawi ŵakaŵa pa ngozi ya kusowa chakurya.<ref name=":1" /> Mazuŵa ghano, mapulogiramu ghanandi ghakuŵikika mu Malawi kuti ghakumane na masuzgo gha kusintha kwa nyengo, ukavu, kweniso kusintha kwa vyakuchita vya chuma na ulimi.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last1=Stringer |first1=Lindsay C. |last2=Mkwambisi |first2=David D. |last3=Dougill |first3=Andrew J. |last4=Dyer |first4=Jen C. |date=April 2010 |title=Adaptation to climate change and desertification: Perspectives from national policy and autonomous practice in Malawi |journal=Climate and Development |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=145–160 |doi=10.3763/cdev.2010.0042 |issn=1756-5529 |s2cid=153677852}}</ref> ==Mbiri na ivyo vikachitika pakwamba== Ŵasayansi ŵa mbiri ŵalondezga kwamba kwa suzgo la chakurya mu Malawi kufika mu vyaka vya 1991 na 1992, apo chilangalanga chikuru mu kumwera kwa [[Africa]] chikachepeska chomene vyakurya vya chimanga mu Malawi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Msowoya |first1=Kondwani |last2=Madani |first2=Kaveh |last3=Davtalab |first3=Rahman |last4=Mirchi |first4=Ali |last5=Lund |first5=Jay R. |date=2016-11-01 |title=Climate Change Impacts on Maize Production in the Warm Heart of Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1487-3 |journal=Water Resources Management |language=en |volume=30 |issue=14 |pages=5299–5312 |doi=10.1007/s11269-016-1487-3 |issn=1573-1650|doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/39909 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Mtengo wa chimanga ukakwera chomene. Chimanga ndicho chikupanga pafupifupi 54% ya chakurya cha ma calories agho Ŵamalawi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito zuŵa lililose.<ref name="Number1">{{Cite journal |last=Minot |first=Nicholas |date=2010-01-10 |title=Staple Food Prices in Malawi |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46470944 |journal=Food Security Collaborative Working Papers, Prepared for Comesa Policy Seminar on "Variation in Staple Food Prices: Causes, Consequence, and Policy Options" Under the African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP) |location=Maputo, Mozambique |publisher=Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics}}</ref> Mtengo wa chimanga ukakwera pafupifupi kaŵiri pakati pa 1992 na 1993.<ref name="Number2">{{Cite book |last=Administrative Committee on Coordination |first=Subcommittee on Nutrition |title=Update on the Nutrition Situation |date=November 1994 |publisher=United Nations |language=en-GB |chapter=Recent Nutrition Trends in 14 Countries – Malawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202025840/http://www.unsystem.org/scn/archives/rwns94update/ch14.htm#Malawi |archive-date=2008-12-02 |chapter-url=http://www.unsystem.org/scn/archives/rwns94update/ch14.htm#Malawi}}</ref> Nangauli mu 1993 mukaŵa chimanga chinandi chifukwa cha vula yiwemi kweniso mbuto ziwemi za chimanga na fetereza uyo boma likapeleka, ŵanthu ŵakakura yayi mu vyakurya chifukwa cha umo ŵakachitira mu nyengo ya njara.<ref name="Number3">Hayes, L.M., Minae, S., Bunderson, W.T., Bodnar, F. & Ngugi, D. "The potential of improved fallows on small holder maize productivity on food security in Malawi." 1997. Paper presented at the International Symposium on The Science and Practice of Short-term Fallows. Lilongwe, Malawi.</ref> [[File:ILRI, Stevie Mann - Household takes refuge from the rain in central Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Flooding in Malawi.|Chigumula mu Malawi. Ulimi wa Malawi ukusuzgika chifukwa cha masoka gha chilengedwe.]] Bungwe la boma ilo likachemekanga [[Bungwe la Ulimi na Malonda la Malawi|ADMARC]] (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation) likalamuliranga kugura na kuguliska vyakurya vya ŵalimi ŵachoko kweniso kugawa fetereza pambere chaka cha 1998 chindafike.<ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> Ukaboni wa vimbundi na kusanga phindu mwakwenelera yayi mu ADMARC ukapangiska kuti bungwe ili lisuzge ŵalimi ŵachoko na kusintha mitengo ya vyakurya mwambura kwenelera.<ref name=Number12 /> Peneapo mitengo ya hona yikakhira mu 1985, [[Bungwe la Ulimi na Malonda la Malawi|ADMARC]] likakhala pafupi kubwanganduka.<ref name="Number32">{{Cite journal |last=Lele |first=Uma |date=1990-09-01 |title=Structural adjustment, agricultural development and the poor: Some lessons from the Malawian experience |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90026-t |journal=World Development |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1207–1219 |doi=10.1016/0305-750X(90)90026-t |issn=0305-750X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pambere apa, nyengo za chilala na chigumula zikalutilira kusuzga Malawi.<ref name="Number5">"Climate change and smallholder farmers in Malawi." ActionAid. October 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20150503035203/https://www.actionaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/doc_lib/malawi_climate_change_report.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503035203/https://www.actionaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/doc_lib/malawi_climate_change_report.pdf |date=2015-05-03 }}</ref> Pakati pa 1990 na 2006, pakaŵa masoka gha nyengo 33, ndipo ichi chikaŵa chikuru chomene pakuyaniska na masoka 7 agho ghakachitika pakati pa 1970 na 1989, kuyana na [[ActionAid]].<ref name=Number5 /> Chuma cha Malawi chikugomezga chomene pa [[Ulimi|ulimi]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala chifukwa cha ivyo ŵakulima ndipo ŵakuguliska ivyo vyakhalako kuti ŵasange ndalama.<ref name="Number6">{{cite journal | doi=10.1017/s0022278x04000229 | title=The Malawi 2002 food crisis: The rural development challenge | year=2004 | last1=Dorward | first1=Andrew | last2=Kydd | first2=Jonathan | journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies | volume=42 | issue=3 | pages=343–361 | s2cid=54763363 | url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5115/1/malawi_food_crisis.pdf }}</ref> Kuchuluka kwa chilala na chigumula kufuma mu 1990 kukakhwaska chomene ŵanthu ŵa mu Malawi. Ŵalimi ŵakaŵavya nthowa zakukwana zakuzizipizgira masoka agha panji kubwelera mwaluŵiro, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵaŵe pa ngozi ya kusuzgika chomene na masuzgo ghanyake mu nyengo yikwiza. Mzere wa ukavu na njara ukalutilira kukura.<ref name=Number5 /> Kufuma ku vyaka vya m'ma 1970 m'paka mu 1994, boma likapelekanga wovwiri pa ulimi wa chimanga chakusazgika luso. Kweni apo boma likalekezga pulogalamu iyi chifukwa cha mtengo wake ukuru, ulimi wa chimanga ukakhira ndipo mitengo yikakweraso.<ref name=Number5 /> Mu 2002, pakaŵa [[Njara|njara yikuru]] mu Malawi ndipo ŵanthu ŵakufwa ŵakayananga pakati pa 300 na 3,000, kuyana na [[ActionAid]] na [[Lipoti la chitukuko cha ŵanthu|HDR]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/famine-malawi-causes-and-consequences |title=Famine in Malawi: Causes and Consequences |author=United Nations |date=2008-01-01 |publisher=United Nations |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Number16">{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Erica |title=Case Studies in Food Policy for Developing Countries |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9780801466373 |editor1=Pinstrup-Andersen, Per |location=Ithaca, NY |pages=135–148 |chapter=Chapter Eleven. The 2002 Malawi Famine (7-1) |doi=10.7591/9780801466373-014 |editor2=Cheng, Fuzhi |s2cid=198660921}}</ref> Pafupifupi 85% ya ndalama zakwizira mu mbumba za Ŵamalawi zikaŵanga kufuma ku ulimi. Chimanga, tirigu na mbatata vikaŵa vyakurya vikuru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakalimanga na kurya.<ref name="Number15">{{Cite book |last=Lilliston, B. & Ranallo, A. |title=Grain reserves and the food price crisis: Selected writings from 2008–2012 |date=2012-07-13 |publisher=Institution for Agriculture and Trade Policy |location=Minneapolis}}</ref> Ntheura, apo [[Wupu wa Ndalama wa Charu Chose|IMF]] ukayowoya kuti zokolola za chimanga mu nyengo ya 2000/2001 zikakhira kufuma pa matani 2.5 miliyoni kufika pa matani 1.7 miliyoni, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti mu charu muŵe kusoŵa kwa matani 273,000 gha chimanga, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasuzgika.<ref name="Number12" /> Mu February 2002, boma la Malawi likapharazga kuti mu charu mukaŵa suzgo la chakurya ndipo likapharazga kuti chikaŵa nyengo ya soka la chalo.<ref name="Number12" /> Zakurya ivyo vikavunwa mu hafu yakwamba ya 2002 vikawovwira kuchepeska njara yikuru, kweni mu 2005, chilala chinyake chikapangiska suzgo linyake la chakurya.<ref name="Number54">{{Citation |chapter=Food, human rights, democracy and beyond |date=2016-11-10 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.9781315529899_3 |title=The Right to Food Guidelines, Democracy and Citizen Participation |pages=9–27 |access-date=2022-05-14 |place=London; New York |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.9774/gleaf.9781315529899_3 |isbn=9781315529899|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pa Okutobala 15, 2005, boma ilo likalongozgekanga na [[Mulongozgi wa Malawi|Mulongozgi]] [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] likapharazga [[nyengo ya soka|soka la chalo]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-10-15 |title=Malawi issues food crisis appeal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4345246.stm |access-date=2007-12-13 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Kufuma apo Malawi yikamba kubwelera kufuma ku suzgo la 2005, kweni sono yikusangana na suzgo linyake la kusoŵa chakurya.<ref name="Number20">{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801466380 |title=Case Studies in Food Policy for Developing Countries |date=2009-01-01 |isbn=9780801466380 |editor-last=Pinstrup-Andersen |editor-first=Per |doi=10.7591/9780801466380 |editor2-last=Cheng |editor2-first=Fuzhi}}</ref> Pakaŵaso masuzgo gha chakurya mu 2012 na 2015. Vinthu vinandi ivyo vikapangiska suzgo la 2002 vikapambananga yayi, kweni pa nyengo iyi vikakhwaskika chomene na chilala chikuru na vyigumula. Mu 2012, suzgo la chakurya likachitika chifukwa cha vula yichoko iyo yikakhwaska zokolola za chimanga, kweniso kukwera kwa mitengo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtengo wa [[Kwacha ya Malawi|kwacha]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Malawi {{!}} WFP {{!}} United Nations World Food Programme – Fighting Hunger Worldwide |url=https://www.wfp.org/node/3513/3879/642177 |access-date=2019-04-25 |website=www.wfp.org |archive-date=2023-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210030856/https://www.wfp.org/node/3513/3879/642177 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2015, chilara chikuru chikapangiska suzgo linyake la chakurya, ndipo mulongozgi wa Malawi wakapharazga kuti mu charu mukaŵa nyengo ya soka.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last1=Oneko |first1=Sella |date=2016-04-13 |title=Malawi declares national disaster over food crisis |url=https://www.dw.com/en/malawi-declares-national-disaster-over-food-crisis/a-19183292 |access-date=2019-04-01 |website=Deutsche Welle (DW)}}</ref> [[File:ILRI, Stevie Mann - Household takes refuge from the rain in central Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Flooding in Malawi.|Ulimi wa ku Malawi ukukhwaskika na masoka gha chilengedwe nga ni vigumula.]] Bungwe la boma ilo likachemekanga [[Bungwe la chitukuko cha ulimi na malonda|ADMARC]] (Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation) ndilo likalamuliranga kugura na kuguliska vyakurya vya ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko kweniso manyowa pambere chaka cha 1998 chindafike.<ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> Vimbundi na vyakuchita vya kujipenja phindu mu ADMARC vikapangiska kuti bungwe ili lisangwe likupoka ndalama za ŵalimi ŵachoko na kusintha mitengo ya vyakurya mwakubendera.<ref name=Number12 /> Apo mitengo ya hona yikakhira mu 1985, ADMARC yikakhala pafupi kubwanganduka.<ref name="Number32">{{Cite journal |last=Lele |first=Uma |date=1990-09-01 |title=Structural adjustment, agricultural development and the poor: Some lessons from the Malawian experience |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90026-t |journal=World Development |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1207–1219 |doi=10.1016/0305-750X(90)90026-t |issn=0305-750X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kuti lisange ngongoli kufuma ku [[Bungwe la ndalama la charu chose|World Bank]], ADMARC likazgoka kampani iyo yikaŵa na chigaŵa cha ŵanthu wamba ndipo likamazga chithandizo cha manyowa mu 1988/1989.<ref name=Number32 /> Kusowa kwa ADMARC kupereka manyowa na mbuto kwa ŵalimi ŵachoko nako kukawovwira kuti suzgo la chakurya la 1992 liŵe likuru.<ref name="Number33">{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire |first=Thandika |url=http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-abidjan/---sro-harare/documents/publication/wcms_228921.pdf |title=Agriculture, Employment, and Poverty in Malawi. ILO/SAMAT Policy Paper NO. 9 |publisher=International Labour Organization |year=1999 |location=Harare}}</ref> Kwambira nyengo iyi, chilangalanga na vigumula vikulutilira kukhuŵazga Malawi.<ref name="Number5">"Climate change and smallholder farmers in Malawi." ActionAid. October 2006.</ref> Pakati pa 1990 na 2006, pakaŵa masoka gha nyengo 33, ndipo ichi chikaŵa chakwera chomene kuluska masoka 7 agho ghakachitika pakati pa 1970 na 1989, kuyana na [[ActionAid]].<ref name=Number5 /> Chuma cha Malawi chikukhazikika chomene pa ulimi; ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala chifukwa cha ivyo ŵakuvuna ndipo ŵakuguliska ivyo vyajumphapo kuti ŵasange ndalama.<ref name="Number6">{{cite journal | doi=10.1017/s0022278x04000229 | title=The Malawi 2002 food crisis: The rural development challenge | year=2004 | last1=Dorward | first1=Andrew | last2=Kydd | first2=Jonathan | journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies | volume=42 | issue=3 | pages=343–361 | s2cid=54763363 | url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5115/1/malawi_food_crisis.pdf }}</ref> Chiŵelengero chikuru cha chilangalanga na vigumula kufuma mu 1990 chakhwaska ŵanthu ŵanandi mu charu ichi. Ŵalimi ŵakaŵa ŵambura nkhongono zakusintha panji kuwezgerapo ivyo ŵakataya chifukwa cha masoka, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵaŵe pa ngozi yakukumana na masuzgo ghanyake mu nyengo yikwiza.<ref name=Number5 /> Kufuma mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 m'paka mu 1994, boma likapelekanga chithandizo cha manyowa na mbuto za chimanga cha mtundu uphya. Kweni apo pulogiramu iyi yikamara chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mtengo wake, kupanga chimanga kukakhira ndipo mitengo yikakwera so.<ref name=Number5 /> ==Njara ya mu 2002 ku Malawi== Mu 2002, ku Malawi kukaŵa [[Njara|njara yikuru]]. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa chikupambanapambana, kufuma pa 300 m'paka 3,000, kuyana na [[ActionAid]] na [[Lipoti la chitukuko cha ŵanthu|HDR]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/famine-malawi-causes-and-consequences |title=Famine in Malawi: Causes and Consequences |author=United Nations |date=2008-01-01 |publisher=United Nations |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Number16"/> ==Vyakuchitiska suzgo la chakurya== ===Vyandulo vya ndyali=== Pamanyuma pakuti Malawi yapeleka wanangwa mu 1964, charu ichi chikalongozgekanga na pulezidenti [[Hastings Banda]].<ref name="Number35">{{Cite web |title=Malawi: History |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/malawi/history |access-date=2014-03-30 |website=Global Edge |language=en-us}}</ref> Nangauli ŵanthu ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota, Malawi yikaŵa na ndyali ya chipani chimoza, ndipo Banda ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa [[Malawi Congress Party|Chipani cha Malawi Congress]], chipani chimoza pera icho chikaŵapo pa nyengo iyo.<ref name=Number35 /> Ntheura Banda wakaŵa na mazaza nga ni muwusi wankhongono chomene, ndipo pa nyengo ya muwuso wake pakaŵa kuphwanya wanangwa wa ŵanthu, kusazgapo kukoma ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga boma.<ref name=Number35 /> Mu 1993 pera, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakavota kuti Malawi yiŵe na ndyali ya vyipani vinandi. Pa nyengo iyi Banda na [[Malawi Congress Party|Chipani cha Malawi Congress]] ŵakathereskeka pa mavoti.<ref name=Number35 /> Mu 1995, pakaŵa [[dango]] liphya la charu ilo likakhazikiska boma ilo likaŵa na nthambi yakulongozga, nyumba ya malango ya chipani chimoza, kweniso makhoti.<ref name="Number34">{{Citation |title=Malawi |date=2022-05-11 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513105646/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-05-15}}</ref> Mu 1998, pasi pa muwuso wa demokilasi wa [[Bakili Muluzi]], boma likakhazikiska [[Bungwe la National Food Reserve Agency|Bungwe la chakurya chakusungika cha charu]] (NFRA) kuti lilongozge malo ghakusungirako chimanga kuti ghawovwire pa nyengo ya masoka. NFRA, ilo likaŵa bungwe la boma ilo likaŵa na komiti ya ŵalongozgi ŵakusankhika na boma la Malawi, likalamuliranga vyakusungika vya chimanga kweniso ndalama na malonda ghakunjira na kufuma mu charu.<ref name="Number36">{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=Adequate Reserves for Malawi |url=http://www.nframw.com/ |website=National Food Reserve Agency}}</ref> Kweni mwaluŵiro NFRA likamba kuŵa na ngongoli yakukwana 1 biliyoni ya [[Malawi kwacha|kwacha ya Malawi]] chifukwa cha chiwongolero chikuru cha ngongoli cha 56%. Bungwe ili likagura matani 165,000 gha chimanga.<ref name=Number12 /> Mu 2001, [[Bungwe la ndalama la charu chose|IMF]] likalangura boma kuti liguliske chimanga chakusungika chifukwa mu 2000 pakaŵa chimanga chinandi. Pakawonekanga kuti pakukhumbikwanga yayi kusunga chimanga chinandi nthena ndipo chimanga chinyake chikaŵa kwamba kunangika.<ref name=Number12 /> Kulongozga uku kukaliso chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa 2000 uyo wakapemphika na [[European Commission|Bungwe la European Commission]]. Kafukufuku uyu wakayowoya kuti matani 30,000 m'paka 60,000 gha chimanga ghakaŵa ghakukwana pa nyengo ya soka lakukhuŵazga chigaŵa chimoza pera.<ref name=Number12 /> NFRA likalondezga languro la IMF ndipo likaguliska chigaŵa chikuru cha chimanga chakusungika ku [[Kenya]] na [[Mozambique]], ndipo malo ghakusungirako chimanga ghakakhira kufuma pa matani 165,000 kufika pa matani 60,000.<ref name=Number16 /><ref name=Number15 /><ref name=Number12 /> Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakayowoyanga kuti languro la IMF lakuti chimanga chiguliskike ndilo likaŵa chimoza mwa ivyo vikapangiska njara ya 2002.<ref name=Number16 /> Kweni IMF na [[ActionAid]] ŵakazomera kuti chimanga icho chikaŵa chakale ndipo chikaŵa chakudura kuchisunga, ntheura pa nyengo iyo languro ili likawonekanga lakwenelera.<ref name=Number16 /> Apo njara yikakura chomene mu 2002, malo ghakusungirako chimanga ghakaŵa kuti ghamara ndipo boma likaŵavya vinthu vyakukwana vyakuti lingagwiliskira ntchito.<ref name=Number12 /> Suzgo likakulirakulira chifukwa boma likanozga yayi kuwezgerapo chimanga chakusungika apo chikagwiliskikanga ntchito.<ref name=Number12 /> Kweniso ŵamalonda ŵachisisi ŵakanjilirapo ndipo ŵakagura chimanga chinandi kufuma mu malo ghakusungirako, pamanyuma ŵakachiguliska pa mitengo yapachanya chomene apo chakurya chikaŵa chakusowa.<ref name=Number15 /> == Mbiri na vyakuyambirira == Ŵasayansi ŵa mbiri ŵakulongora kuti suzgo la vyakurya ku Malawi likamba mu 1991 na 1992, apo chilangalanga chikuru ku kumwera kwa Africa chikapangiska kuti vyakurya vya [[chimanga]] viŵe vichoko chomene ku Malawi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Msowoya |first1=Kondwani |last2=Madani |first2=Kaveh |last3=Davtalab |first3=Rahman |last4=Mirchi |first4=Ali |last5=Lund |first5=Jay R. |date=2016-11-01 |title=Climate Change Impacts on Maize Production in the Warm Heart of Africa |journal=Water Resources Management |volume=30 |issue=14 |pages=5299–5312 |doi=10.1007/s11269-016-1487-3 |issn=1573-1650|doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/39909 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Mtengo wa chimanga, icho chikaŵa chakurya chakuzirwa chomene ndipo chikaŵa pafupifupi 54% ya mphamvu ya vyakurya ivyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakalyanga,<ref name="Number1">{{Cite journal |last=Minot |first=Nicholas |date=2010-01-10 |title=Staple Food Prices in Malawi |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46470944 |journal=Food Security Collaborative Working Papers, Prepared for Comesa Policy Seminar on "Variation in Staple Food Prices: Causes, Consequence, and Policy Options" Under the African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP) |location=Maputo, Mozambique |publisher=Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics}}</ref> ukakwera chomene; mtengo wa chimanga ukakhala pafupifupi wakukwana kaŵiri pakati pa 1992 na 1993.<ref name="Number2"/> Nangauli mu 1993 mukaŵa chimanga chinandi chifukwa cha vula yiwemi kweniso ndondomeko ya boma ya kovwira ŵalimi na mbuto za chimanga za mtundu uphya na manyowa, ŵanthu ŵakalyanga vyakurya vinandi yayi chifukwa cha umo ŵakajizolerezgera mu nyengo ya njara.<ref name="Number3">Hayes, L.M., Minae, S., Bunderson, W.T., Bodnar, F. & Ngugi, D. "The potential of improved fallows on small holder maize productivity on food security in Malawi." 1997. Paper presented at the International Symposium on The Science and Practice of Short-term Fallows. Lilongwe, Malawi.</ref> [[File:ILRI, Stevie Mann - Household takes refuge from the rain in central Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Madambo ku Malawi.|Ulimi wa Malawi ukusuzgika chifukwa cha masoka gha chilengiwa nga ni kusefukira kwa maji.]] Bungwe la boma ilo likachemekanga [[Bungwe la vya ulimi na malonda|Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation]] (ADMARC) ndilo likalamuliranga kugura na kuguliska vyakurya vya ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko kweniso kugawira manyowa pambere chaka cha 1998 chindafike.<ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> Kupuluska ndarama na vinthu vya boma mukati mwa bungwe ili kukapangiska kuti ADMARC yileme kuŵa yakovwira ŵalimi ndipo yikapangiska mitengo ya vyakurya kuŵa yambura kulongosoka.<ref name=Number12 /> Apo mitengo ya fodya yikakhira mu 1985, ADMARC yikamba kusuzgika chomene ndipo yikaŵa pafupi kumara.<ref name="Number32">{{Cite journal |last=Lele |first=Uma |date=1990-09-01 |title=Structural adjustment, agricultural development and the poor: Some lessons from the Malawian experience |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-development_1990-09_18_9/page/1207 |journal=World Development |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1207–1219 |doi=10.1016/0305-750x(90)90026-t}}</ref> Kuti liŵeze ngongoli kufuma ku [[Bungwe la ndalama la pa charu chose|International Monetary Fund]] na mabungwe gha charu chose, ADMARC likazgoka kampani ya payekha mwa chigaŵa ndipo likaleka kovwira na manyowa mu vyaka vya 1988/1989.<ref name=Number32 /> Kuleka kwa ADMARC kupereka manyowa na mbuto ku ŵalimi ŵachoko kukapangiska kuti suzgo la vyakurya mu 1992 liŵe likuru chomene.<ref name="Number33"/> Kwambira nyengo iyo, Malawi wakumana nyengo na nyengo na chilangalanga kweniso kusefukira kwa maji.<ref name="Number5">"Climate change and smallholder farmers in Malawi." ActionAid. October 2006.</ref> Pakati pa 1990 na 2006, kukaŵa masoka gha nyengo ghakukwana 33, apo pakati pa 1970 na 1989 kukaŵa masoka 7 pera.<ref name=Number5 /> Chuma cha Malawi chikudalira chomene ulimi; ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuphalira pa ivyo ŵalima kuti ŵarye kweniso kuguliska ivyo vyakhalako kuti ŵasange ndalama.<ref name="Number6">{{cite journal | doi=10.1017/s0022278x04000229 | title=The Malawi 2002 food crisis: The rural development challenge | year=2004 | journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies}}</ref> Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chilangalanga na kusefukira kwa maji, ŵalimi ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kusintha nthowa zawo za ulimi ndipo ŵakaŵa pangozi ya njara. Mu 2002, kukaŵa [[njara]] yikuru ku Malawi iyo yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵasuzgike chomene. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa chikupambana, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵakaŵa pakati pa 300 na 3,000, kuyana na malipoti gha [[ActionAid]] na [[Lipoti la vya chitukuko cha ŵanthu|Human Development Report]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/famine-malawi-causes-and-consequences |title=Famine in Malawi: Causes and Consequences |author=United Nations |date=2008-01-01 |publisher=United Nations |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Number16"/> Pa nyengo iyi, pafupifupi 85% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakasanganga ndalama zawo chomene kufuma ku ulimi.<ref name="Number15"/> [[Chimanga]] chikaŵa chakurya chakuzirwa chomene mu charu ichi. Ntheura apo zokolola za chimanga zikakhira, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kusanga chakurya chakukwana. Mu nyengo ya 2000/2001, [[Bungwe la ndalama la pa charu chose|IMF]] likati zokolola za chimanga zikakhira kufuma pa matani 2.5 miliyoni kufika pa matani 1.7 miliyoni, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti pa charu chose paŵe mphaka ya matani 273,000 gha chimanga.<ref name="Number12" /> Mu Febuluwale 2002, boma la Malawi likapharazga kuti charu ichi chikaŵa mu suzgo la vyakurya ndipo likati pali [[suzgo la chivikiliro cha charu|soka la chigaŵa cha charu]].<ref name="Number12" /> Mu chigaŵa chaumaliro cha 2002, mvula yikawovwira ndipo vyakurya vikamba kuŵako, kuchepeska njara yikuru. Kweni mu 2005, chilangalanga chinyake chikapangiska kuti Malawi wakumaneso na suzgo la vyakurya.<ref name="Number54"/> Pa 15 Okutobala 2005, boma ilo likalongozgekanga na [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] likapharazga kuti mu Malawi mukaŵa [[suzgo la vyakurya|soka la pa charu chose]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-10-15 |title=Malawi issues food crisis appeal |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Nangauli Malawi wakachira kufuma ku suzgo la 2005, charu ichi chikalutilira kukumana na masuzgo gha vyakurya chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, ukavu, kweniso kuthemba chomene ulimi wa chimanga.<ref name="Number20"/> Mu vyaka vya 2012 na 2015, kukaŵaso masuzgo ghanyake gha vyakurya. Masuzgo agha ghakafuma ku vinthu vyakuyana na vya 2002, kweni ghakasazgikako chifukwa cha chilangalanga chikuru na kusefukira kwa maji. Mu 2012, kusowa kwa vula kukapangiska kuti zokolola za chimanga zichepe, apo kutsika kwa mtengo wa ndalama ya Malawi ([[kwacha]]) kukapangiska kuti mitengo ya vyakurya yikwere.<ref name=":12"/> Mu 2015, chilangalanga chikuru chikati chachitika, chikazakasazgika na kusefukira kwa maji. Ivi vikapangiska kuti pulezidenti wa Malawi walengezge kuti charu chili mu suzgo la vyachilengiwa.<ref name=":7"/> == Vyakupangiska suzgo la vyakurya == === Ndale === Pamanyuma pakuti Malawi wapokera wanangwa mu 1964, charu ichi chikalamulirika na pulezidenti [[Hastings Banda]].<ref name="Number35"/> Nangauli ŵanthu ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota, Malawi wakaŵa na ndondomeko ya chipani chimoza pera, ndipo Banda wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chipani cha [[Malawi Congress Party]], icho chikaŵa chipani chekha pa nyengo iyo.<ref name=Number35 /> Chifukwa cha nkhongono zake, Banda wakalamuliranga nga ni mulongozgi wankhongono chomene, ndipo mu nyengo ya muwuso wake mukaŵa kuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu, kusazgapo kukoma ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga boma.<ref name=Number35 /> Mu 1993, ŵanthu ŵakavota kuti Malawi usinthe kuŵa charu cha vyipani vinandi, ndipo Banda na [[Malawi Congress Party]] ŵakafumiskika mu mazaza.<ref name=Number35 /> Mu 1995, pakaŵa dango liphya la charu ilo likakhazikiska boma ilo likaŵa na nthambi yakulongozga, nyumba ya malango yimoza, na makhoti.<ref name="Number34"/> Mu 1998, mu nyengo ya pulezidenti [[Bakili Muluzi]], boma likakhazikiska [[National Food Reserve Agency]] (NFRA) kuti lilongozge malo ghakusungirako chimanga cha chivikiliro mu nyengo ya masoka.<ref name="Number36"/> NFRA likaŵa bungwe la boma ilo likaŵa na wupu wa ŵanthu ŵakimikika na boma la Malawi. Bungwe ili likalamuliranga chomene malo ghakusungirako chimanga kweniso ndarama, kugula na kuguliska vyakurya.<ref name="Number36" /> Kweni NFRA likamba kuŵa na ngongoli ya pafupifupi 1 biliyoni ya [[kwacha ya Malawi]] chifukwa cha chiŵelengero chikuru cha chiwongolero cha ngongoli (56%).<ref name=Number12 /> Bungwe ili likagura matani 165,000 gha chimanga kuti lisunge nga ni chakurya cha nyengo ya soka.<ref name=Number12 /> Mu 2001, [[Bungwe la ndalama la pa charu chose|IMF]] likalangura boma kuti liguliske malo ghakusungirako chimanga chifukwa zokolola za 2000 zikaŵa zinandi ndipo pakaŵavya chifukwa cha kusunga chimanga chinandi nthena.<ref name=Number12 /> Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2000 na kulamulika na [[European Commission]] wakalongora kuti chimanga chakukwana matani 30,000 mpaka 60,000 ndicho chikakhumbikwanga kuti chivikilire charu pa nyengo ya soka.<ref name=Number12 /> Chifukwa cha ulongozgi wa IMF, NFRA likaguliska chigaŵa chikuru cha chimanga chake ku [[Kenya]] na [[Mozambique]], kuchepeska malo ghakusungirako kufuma pa matani 165,000 kufika pa matani 60,000.<ref name=Number16 /><ref name=Number15 /><ref name=Number12 /> Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakatenge suzgo la vyakurya la 2002 likasazgikapo chifukwa cha ulongozgi wa IMF wakuti chimanga ichi chigulisike.<ref name=Number16 /> Kweni IMF na mabungwe ghanyake ghakazomerezga kuti kusunga chimanga chinandi kukawonanga ndalama zinandi ndipo chimanga chikaŵa chakale, ntheura ulongozgi uwu ukaŵa wakupulikikwa pa nyengo iyo.<ref name=Number16 /> Apo njara yikafika pachanya mu 2002, malo ghakusungirako chimanga ghakaŵa ghawaka ndipo boma likaŵavya vyakusungira vyakukwana. Suzgo ili likakura chifukwa boma likaleka kunozgekera mwakukwana kuti lizuzgenso malo ghakusungirako chimanga.<ref name=Number12 /> Kweniso, ŵamalonda ŵachisisi ŵakagura chimanga chinandi kufuma ku malo ghakusungirako boma ndipo pamanyuma ŵakachiguliska pa mitengo yapachanya chomene apo vyakurya vikamba kusowa.<ref name=Number15 /> Boma likamba kupenja chimanga kufuma ku vyaru vyapafupi kweniso vyakutali, kweni chikatora nyengo kuti chifike ku Malawi chifukwa cha masuzgo gha mayendedwe, misewu yambura kwenelera, madoko ghakuzura, na magalimoto agho ghakatondekanga kufika luŵiro.<ref name=Number12 /><ref name=Number16 /> Vyaru vinyake vyakupereka wovwiri navyo vikachedwa kovwira chifukwa vikasuzgika na nkhani za katangale mu boma la Malawi kweniso chifukwa cha mphindano zakukhwaskana na ulongozgi wa IMF.<ref name=Number16 /> === Vyakupangiska vya chuma === Mu 2009, [[United Nations|Bungwe la vyaru vyose]] likati pafupifupi 80% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakakhalanga mu mizi.<ref name="Number30">{{Cite web |last=United Nations |date=2011-02-22 |title=Urban/rural division of countries for the year 2010, World Urbanization Prospects |website=GeoHive}}</ref> Mu charu ichi mukaŵavya nchito zinandi zakukhwaskana na mafakitale panji mauteŵeti.<ref name=Number15 /> Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakasanganga nchito mu minda yikuru ya [[fodya]], mu matawuni, panji kusamira ku vyaru vyapafupi kuti ŵakagwire nchito za malipiro ghachoko.<ref name=Number15 /> Kweni mipata ya nchito yikaŵa yichoko. Chuma cha Malawi chikudalira chomene ulimi. Mu vyaka vya 2000, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagwiranga ntchito mu ulimi, ndipo ulimi ukapanganga chigaŵa chikuru cha ndalama izo charu chikapezanga.<ref name="Number37">{{Cite web |last=Kadzamira, Z.D., Kalinga, O.J., Mitchell, J.C., Ingham, K., Phiri, K.M. |date=2021-10-29 |title=Malawi |website=Britannica Online}}</ref> Pafupifupi chigaŵa chimoza pa vigaŵa vitatu vya ndalama zose za charu (GDP) chikaŵanga kufuma ku ulimi, ndipo ulimi ukapanganga ndalama zinandi zakufuma ku malonda gha ku vyaru vinyake, chomenechomene kufuma ku [[fodya]], shuga, tiyi, na kotoni.<ref name=Number37 /> Bungwe la [[Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation|ADMARC]] likaŵa bungwe la boma ilo likalamuliranga chigaŵa chinyake cha msika wa chimanga ndipo likawovwiranga pa mitengo ya vyakurya.<ref name=Number15 /> Kafukufuku wa [[Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy]] wakalongora kuti mtengo wa chimanga ukakwera chomene kufuma pa 4 MK pa kilogalamu yimoza mu Juni 2001 kufika pa ma MK 40 panji kujumpha mu Janyuwale 2002.<ref name=Number15 /> Nangauli mtengo wa vyakurya ukakwera, malipiro gha ŵantchito ghakhalilira waka pa 20 MK pa zuŵa.<ref name=Number15 /> Ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵatondeke kugura chakurya. Kufwatuka kwa msika, chomenechomene kuchepa kwa mazaza gha ADMARC, kukapangiska kuti kuŵe kusuzga kulondezga na kulamulira msika wa chimanga.<ref name=Number16 /> Mtengo wa chimanga ukamba kutoleka na msika pera, ndipo NFRA likaŵavya nkhongono zinandi zakusinthira vinthu mu msika.<ref name=Number16 /> Ndondomeko za ulimi za Malawi zikaŵaso na masuzgo chifukwa charu ichi chikagomezganga chomene pa chimanga pera. Maukaboni ghakupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵalime vyakurya vyakupambana ghakatondeka chomene.<ref name=Number12 /> Ntheura, apo zokolola za chimanga zikakhira mu 2001, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasuzgika chifukwa ŵakatondeka kulima chakurya chawo panji kusanga ndalama zakugulira chakurya. [[Fodya]] ukaŵa chinthu chikuru icho Malawi wakaguliskanga ku vyaru vinyake, kweni malonda gha fodya ghakamba kuchepa kufuma mu ma 1980. Ndalama izo zikafumanga mu fodya zikakhira na pafupifupi hafu, ndipo ivi vikachepeska nkhongono zakugulira vinthu za ŵalimi ŵachoko.<ref name=Number15 /> Mu nyengo ya 2000/2001, ŵalimi ŵachoko ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kuwezga ngongoli izo ŵakaŵa nazo ku mabungwe gha ndalama na ku boma.<ref name=Number15 /> Chifukwa cha ichi, mu 2001/2002 ŵakatondeka kusanga ngongoli zakugulira mbuto na manyowa.<ref name="Number22">{{Cite book |title=FAO/WFP Crop and food supply assessment mission |publisher=University of Arizona Libraries |year=2000}}</ref> Nthowa zinyake zakukhozgera ulimi, nga ni kusazgirako vyakurya vyakupambanapambana, kunozga vyakuthilira maji, kusunga vyakurya, kuzenga misewu, na kupereka ngongoli ku ŵalimi, zikaŵa zakovwira chomene ŵalimi ŵakurya mu minda yikuru kuluska ŵalimi ŵachoko.<ref name=Number37 /> === Vyakukhwaskana na ŵanthu na umoyo === [[File:Malawi AIDS Orphans.jpeg|thumb|left|alt=Ŵana ŵakusuzgika chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS ku Malawi.|Suzgo la vyakurya likapangiska kuti ŵana awo ŵakataya ŵapapi chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS ŵaŵe pangozi chomene ya ukavu na njara.]] Ukavu uli palipose mu Malawi. Mwakuyana na [[Bungwe la Banki ya Charu|World Bank]], pafupifupi hafu ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakukhala pasi pa mphaka ya ukavu ya madola gha US$2 pa zuŵa.<ref name="Number17">{{Cite web |title=Malawi Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malawi/overview |website=World Bank}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakavu awo ŵakukhala mu mizi ndiwo ŵakasuzgika chomene mu nyengo ya suzgo la vyakurya chifukwa ŵakaŵavya ndalama zakugulira chakurya para vyakurya ivyo ŵakalima vyatondeka.<ref name=Number16 /> Lipoti la [[ActionAid]] la mu 2002 likayowoya kuti kufuma apo demokilase yikakhazikikira mu Malawi mu 1994, chigomezgo cha kovwirana pakati pa ŵanthu chikamba kuchepa.<ref name=Number1 /> Mu nyengo ya chilangalanga cha 1991/1992, mbumba zikovwirana na kupereka chakurya panji nchito ku ŵanthu awo ŵakasuzgikanga. Kweni mu suzgo la vyakurya la 2001/2002, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakamba kuŵa na mtima wa "munthu waliyose wajipulumuske yekha", kuyana na lipoti la ActionAid.<ref name=Number1 /> [[HIV/AIDS ku Malawi|HIV/AIDS]] nayo yikaŵa suzgo likuru ilo likapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe pangozi mu nyengo ya njara. Mu 2012, boma la Malawi likati nthenda iyi yikakhwaskanga pafupifupi 17% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu matawuni na 9% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu mizi.<ref name="Number55">{{Cite journal |last=Government of Malawi |date=2012-03-31 |title=2012 Global AIDS Response Report: Malawi Country Report for 2010 and 2011 |journal=Joint United Nations Programme on HIV AIDS}}</ref> Mbumba izo zikaŵa na ŵanthu awo ŵali na HIV/AIDS zikaŵa na vyakulima vichoko chifukwa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi ŵakatondekanga kugwira ntchito mu minda. Kweniso, ŵanthu ŵanyake mu mbumba ŵakeneranga kuŵapwelelera, ndipo ndalama zinyake zikagwiranga ntchito pa munkhwala na malaro. Ichi chikapangiska kuti mbumba zinandi ziŵe zakuzizipizga yayi para chakurya chasowa.<ref name="Number18">{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Meera Kaul |title=Impact of HIV/AIDS on agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods in the central region of Malawi |publisher=CARE International in Malawi |year=2002 |location=Malawi}}</ref> Mu nyengo ya njara ya 2002, pafupifupi 70% ya ŵanthu awo ŵakafwira mu vipatala ŵakaŵa chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS.<ref name="Number31">{{Cite web |title=HIV & AIDS in Malawi |website=Avert}}</ref> Suzgo la vyakurya likapangiska kuti ŵana ŵaŵe pangozi chomene ku matenda na kusoŵa chakurya chakukwana. Mu 2006, [[UNICEF]] yikati 46% ya ŵana ŵa pasi pa vyaka vinkhondi ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kukura chifukwa cha kusoŵa chakurya, ndipo 19% ŵakaŵa ŵakupereŵera thupi.<ref name="Number13">UNICEF. “Malawi Annual Report.” 2006. Malawi: UNICEF.</ref> Kwambira mu 1992 apo suzgo la vyakurya likamba, umoyo wa ŵana pa nkhani ya chakurya ukasintha viŵi yayi.<ref name=Number13 /> Mu nyengo ya kusowa kwa chakurya mu 2001/2002 na 2005/2006, kukaŵa miliri yikuru ya [[kolera]] mu Malawi. [[UNICEF]] yikati miliri iyi yikachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ukhondo, maji ghambura kuŵa ghawemi, kweniso chifukwa chakuti njara yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakutondeka kulimbana na matenda.<ref name=Number13 /> Kafukufuku wa [[Save the Children]] UK mu 2002 wakalongora kuti suzgo la vyakurya likapangiska kuti ŵana na ŵalara ŵaŵe na kutupa kwa mawoko na malundi chifukwa cha kusoŵa chakurya.<ref name="Number21">Kamowa, Olex M. "Living In The Abyss: Hunger In Mchinji, Lilongwe." Save the Children (UK). February 2002.</ref> Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na njara ŵakamba kurya vinthu ivyo ŵakaŵa kuti ŵakalyanga yayi, nga ni misisi yinyake, vikoti vya chimanga, vikhuni vyakuphwanyika, na vipasi vyakusangika mu muthondo. Ivi vikapangiska matenda gha mu nthumbo na vyakuŵinya.<ref name=Number21 /> Mu chigaŵa cha [[Nsanje District|Nsanje]], ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakamba kurya vimiti vya maji ivyo vikuchemeka nyika. Nangauli pakwamba vikaŵa chakurya cha nyengo, sono ŵakamba kuvigwiliskira ntchito nga ni chakurya chikuru, kweni kurya vinandi kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na matenda gha mu nthumbo.<ref name="Number51">{{cite journal |title=Malawi's food crisis continues to worsen |journal=The Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9502 |pages=1994–1995}}</ref> === Vyakukhwaskana na chilengiwa === Dongo la ku Malawi lili na suzgo chifukwa ŵalimi ŵanandi ŵakaŵavya ndalama zakugulira manyowa mu nyengo yakale.<ref name="Number4">{{Cite book|last=Hardy |first=Jeffrey S. |date=1998-05-01 |title=Malawi: Soil Fertility Issues and Options |publisher=Cornell University Press |volume=1}}</ref> Pali nthowa zicoko waka zakuwezgera nkhongono za dongo. Malawi ngwakavu chomene kuti wambe kunjizga vinthu vinandi vya ku vyaru vinyake kuti ŵawezgere vyakurya mu dongo, ndipo malo ghakulimapo ngakusuzga kusunga malo ghakuru ghakupumulira dongo.<ref name=Number4 /> Ŵalimi ŵachoko ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kugura manyowa chifukwa cha kusoŵa ndalama.<ref name=Number16 /> Chifukwa cha ichi, unandi wa vyakurya ivyo ŵakalima ukakhwaskika chomene na kuchepa kwa nkhongono ya dongo kweniso kuchepa kwa malo ghakulimapo. Ŵalimi ŵachoko ku Malawi ŵakakumanaso na kuchepa kwa vyakurya chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Para nyengo ya vula yikusintha na kutentha kukukwera, nyengo yakulimapo yikuchepa ndipo ŵalimi ŵakukhumbikwira kugura mbuto zakudura za mtundu uphya kuti ŵasange vyakurya vyakukwana.<ref name="Number5" /> Ŵalimi ŵanyake ŵakasintha nyengo iyo ŵakalimiranga chimanga. Ŵanyake ŵakamba kulima mu Disembala m’malo mwa Novembala, apo ŵanyake ŵakalima mwaluŵiro kuti ŵayezge kukumana na kusintha kwa nyengo.<ref name="Number5" /> Kuchuluka kwa nyengo za chilangalanga na kusefukira kwa maji kukapangiska kuti ŵalimi ŵaŵe pangozi chomene ya kusoŵa chakurya.<ref name="Number5" /> Mu nyengo ya 2000/2001 na 2001/2002, vula yikaŵa yambura kwenelera. Pakachitikanga nyengo zakumira na kusefukira kwa maji, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti vyakurya vileke kukura makora.<ref name="Number8">{{Cite web |last=Masina |first=Lameck |date=2013-01-22 |title=Washed Away: Malawi's Food Security Hit By Natural Disasters |website=Global Policy Forum}}</ref> Ŵalimi ŵanandi, kuti ŵayezge kujivikilira ku nyengo yambura kumanyikwa, ŵakamba kuvuna vyakurya vyawo pambere nyengo yakuvunira yindafike. Kweni ichi chikapangiska kuti vyakurya ivyo vikapelekekanga viŵe vichoko chomene mu 2001/2002.<ref name=Number8 /> Kusintha kwa nyengo kukapangiska kuti nthowa zakuyowoyera vya zokolola zamunthazi ziŵe zambura kugomezgeka. Mautolero agho ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito vifukwa vya nyengo na kuwona vyakurya ghakatondeka kumanya mwakwenelera kukhira kwa vyakurya mu nyengo iyi.<ref name=Number8 /> Mwachiyerezgero, ŵanthu awo ŵakalongozganga vya vyakurya ŵakaghanaghananga kuti kuchepa kwa chimanga kuzamuwelerapo chifukwa cha vyakurya vinyake nga ni misisi na vyakurya vya pasi. Kweni mu nyengo ya 2001/2002, vyakurya vyose vikatondeka.<ref name=Number8 /> Chifukwa cha ichi, boma likaŵavya kunozgeka kwakukwana apo suzgo la vyakurya la 2002 likafika.<ref name=Number8 /> == Wovwiri na nthowa zakuzenga == Boma la Malawi likakhazikiska ndondomeko ya kovwira ŵalimi iyo yikuchemeka [[Farm Input Subsidy Programme]] (FISP) mu 2005. Mu ndondomeko iyi, boma likapelekanga manyowa na mbuto pa mtengo wakuchepa ku ŵalimi awo ŵakaŵa mu suzgo.<ref name="Number7" /> Manyowa gha mu FISP ghakaguliskikanga pa madola gha US$7 pa thumba la makilogalamu 50, apo mtengo wa msika ukaŵa pafupifupi madola gha US$27 pa thumba lenelili.<ref name=Number7 /> Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika na [[Michigan State University]] wakalongora kuti nangauli vula yambura kwenelera yikatondeska ndondomeko iyi mu nyengo ya 2005/2006, nyengo yiwemi mu 2007 yikawovwira kuti ndondomeko iyi yichite makora.<ref name="Number7">{{Cite journal |last=Jayne, T.S., Chapoto, A., Minde I.J., Donovan, C. |date=2008 |title=Grain Marketing Policy at the Crossroads: Challenges for Eastern and Southern Africa |journal=International Development Working Papers |publisher=Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics}}</ref> Chifukwa cha FISP, Malawi wakasanga zokolola zikuru za chimanga mu 2007. Charu ichi chikavuna matani pafupifupi 3.4 miliyoni gha chimanga, ndipo chikaŵa na chakukwana chakujumpha chomene chomwe chikakwana matani 1.4 miliyoni.<ref name=Number7 /> Chifukwa cha chimanga chinandi ichi, Malawi wakamba kuguliska chimanga ku vyaru vinyake kweniso kupereka wovwiri ku vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na suzgo la vyakurya. [[Zimbabwe]] wakapokera matani 40,000 gha chimanga kufuma ku Malawi, ndipo [[Lesotho]] na [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] waliyose wakapokera matani 5,000 gha chimanga.<ref name=Number7 /> Mabungwe gha pa charu chose na gha mu Malawi, kusazgapo [[World Food Programme|WFP]], [[European Union|EU]], [[United Kingdom|UK]], na [[USAID]], ghakapeleka wovwiri wa vyakurya ku Malawi pamanyuma pakuti boma lapharazga soka mu 2002. Mu 2005, WFP yikati wovwiri wake wa vyakurya ukaŵa kovwira pafupifupi 11% ya ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Malawi.<ref name=Number20 /> ==Vyakukhala vyakunyuma (Long-term effects)== ===Umoyo=== Suzgo la vyakurya lapangiska kuti ŵana ŵaŵe pangozi yikuru ya kusoŵa vyakurya mu thupi na matenda. Mu 2006, [[UNICEF]] yikayowoya kuti 46% ya ŵana ŵa pasi pa vyaka vinkhondi ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kusoŵa vyakurya mu thupi nyengo yitali, ndipo 19% ŵakaŵa ŵakutepeta chomene.<ref name="Number13">UNICEF. “Malawi Annual Report.” 2006. Malawi: UNICEF. http://www.unicef.org/malawi/MLW_annualreport_2006.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030933/http://www.unicef.org/malawi/MLW_annualreport_2006.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> Kufuma mu 1992, apo misisi ya suzgo la vyakurya yikambiranga, umoyo wa kadyero ka ŵana undasintha.<ref name=Number13 /> Mu 2001/2002 na 2005/2006, mu nyengo izo kusoŵa vyakurya kukaŵa kukuru, kukaŵa miliri yikuru ya [[kolera]] mu charu chose. [[UNICEF]] yikamanya kuti miliri iyi yikachitika chifukwa cha ukhondo wambura kwenelera na maji ghambura kuvikilirika, ivyo vikakolerana na suzgo la vyakurya ndipo vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakupokera matenda.<ref name=Number13 /> Mwakuyana waka, kafukufuku uyo wakachitika na [[Save the Children|Save The Children]] UK mu February 2002 wakawona kuti suzgo la vyakurya likakhwaska umoyo wa ŵanthu chifukwa likapangiska kuvimba kwa mawoko na malundi mu ŵana na ŵalara.<ref name="Number21">Kamowa, Olex M. "Living In The Abyss: Hunger In Mchinji, Lilongwe." Save the Children (UK). February 2002.</ref> Kusoŵa vyakurya kwapangiska nyifwa zinandi chifukwa cha njara; unandi wake weneko ukumanyikwa yayi.<ref name=Number5 /> Zinyake mwa nyifwa izi zikasazgirako suzgo la [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]], ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi ŵakaŵa pangozi chomene, kweniso kukapangika unandi wa ŵana ŵambura ŵapapi. [[UNICEF]] yikuyowoya kuti 17% ya ŵana ŵalije ŵapapi ŵamoyo chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS.<ref name=Number13 /> Pa nyengo iyo suzgo la vyakurya likaŵa likuru chomene, kufuma mu Epulero m’paka Meyi 2002, [[WHO]] yikachita kuwunika umoyo wa ŵanthu mu Malawi. Yikawona kuti pakati pa Okutobala 2001 na Malichi 2002, pakaŵa nyifwa zakukwana 1.9 pa ŵanthu 10,000 zuŵa lililose. Kukaŵa muliri wa kolera uwo ukaŵa na milandu 33,150 yakumanyikwa na nyifwa 981, mwakuyana na chiŵelengero cha nyifwa cha 3%. Kweni chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakalutanga ku malo gha chipatala chikakhira na 25% mu nyengo yeneyiyo. Kafukufuku uyu wakalongora kuti malo gha chipatala ghakaŵa na masuzgo chifukwa cha kusoŵa ŵantchito, munkhwala, kweniso mauthenga na mayendedwe ghambura kwenelera. Apo ŵanthu ŵakamba kuŵika pakwamba kusanga vyakurya, kupenja wovwiri wa umoyo na kuluta ku malo gha chipatala ghambura kunozgeka kukamba kuchepa.<ref name=Number50>WHO 2002</ref> Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na njara ŵakamba kurya misisi yambura kuŵa yakwenelera, mphangwe za chimanga, fumbi la mathabwa, na vipambi vyakuphikika, ndipo ŵakamba kutora matenda gha mu nthumbo na vyakurya vyakuphambanapambana.<ref name=Number21 /> Lipoti mu magazini ya [[The Lancet]] likawona kuti mbumba zinandi, nanga zikaŵa zasambazi, mu [[Nsanje]] chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Malawi, zikaŵa kurya mizi ya chomera cha maji icho chikachemekanga nyika. Mizi iyi iyo pakwamba yikaŵa chakurya chakulyera waka, yikazgoka chakurya chikuru ndipo para munthu wangarya vinandi yingapangiska kutaya nthumbo.<ref name="Number51">{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67799-9 | title=Malawi's food crisis continues to worsen | year=2005 | last1=Tenthani | first1=Raphael | journal=The Lancet | volume=366 | issue=9502 | pages=1994–1995 | pmid=16353311 | s2cid=28688185 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Pa nyengo yinyake, mwana mukuru wa mbumba ya ŵanthu 10 wakasanga mphonje zakupha za chomera cha mbatata zakuthengo. Awiske ŵakapeleka mphonje izi ku ŵana na anyina chifukwa ŵakaŵavya chakurya chinyake; ŵenecho ŵakarya yayi chifukwa ŵakaŵika njara ya ŵana na muwoli wawo panthazi pa njara yawo. Anyina na ŵana ŵawo 8 ŵakafwa yumoza yumoza chifukwa cha kusanza na kupokera chiphe cha vyakurya.<ref name=Number51 /> ===Ndondomeko za boma=== Ndondomeko ya boma ya kuvikilira vyakurya, iyo yikuchemeka FISP, yikawovwira kusazgirako ulimi. Nga umo vyayowoyekera kale, kupanga chimanga kukajumpha ivyo charu chikakhumbanga pamanyuma pa kukhazikiska FISP. Pakati pa 2005 na 2011, [[GDP|GDP ya Malawi]] yikakuranga mwakukwana 11.7% chaka chilichose, ndipo ŵakumanya vinthu ŵanandi ŵakayaniska kukura kwa GDP ya ulimi na FISP. Kweni kafukufuku wa sonosono wakulongora kuti FISP ni ndondomeko iyo yingakhalapo yayi nyengo yitali: apo mbumba izo zikukhumbikwira wovwiri zikuchuluka, uwemi wa fetereza na mbuto izo zikuperekeka ukakhira kufuma pa makilogalamu 85 pa mulimi mu 2005/2006 kufika pa makilogalamu 60 pa mulimi mu 2012/2013.<ref name="Number25">{{Cite journal |last=Thurlow, James |first=Pauw, Karl |date=2014 |title=Malawi's Farm Input Subsidy Program: Where do we go from here? Policy Note 18 |url=http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/massppn18.pdf |journal=Malawi Strategy Support Program |publisher=International Food Policy Research Institute}}</ref> Ndondomeko ziphya za kuvikilira vyakurya zikapangika mu 2002 na 2003. Ndondomeko ya Malawi ya [[Kuchepeska ukavu|kuchepeska ukavu]] yikaŵa chikalata cha ndondomeko icho chikakhumbikwanga kulongozga na kovwira pakupanga vyakusankha vya bajeti ya boma. Pakatikati pa ndondomeko iyi pakaŵa kukura kwa chuma, ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa pa chuma, nthowa zakovwilira ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika, na kayendeskero kawemi ka boma; mwa kupanga vyakusankha vya bajeti ivyo vikukhozgera kukura kwa ulimi na kuŵika nthowa zakovwilira ŵanthu, boma likate liŵe na nkhongono zakukhozgera kuŵa na vyakurya.<ref name="Number27">{{Cite journal |last=Sahley, C., Groelsema, Bob., Marchione, T., Nelson, D. |date=2005 |title=The Governance Dimensions of Food Security in Malawi |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnade034.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923152016/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADE034.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 23, 2006 |journal=Is Food Security Achievable in Malawi? |location=Washington DC |publisher=USA Agency for International Development |volume=20}}</ref> Unduna wa vyaulimi ukagwira ntchito pamoza na mabungwe gha ŵanthu, ma unduna ghanyake, makampani ghapadera, na ŵakupereka wovwiri kupanga Ndondomeko ya Vyakurya na Kadyero. Ndondomeko iyi yikaŵa na vilato vya: 1) kusazgirako vyakurya mwa kusazgirako vyakuvwilira vya maji na kuŵa na fetereza na malo, 2) kukhozga misika ya ku mizi, 3) kupanga malango gha umoyo na kadyero, na 4) kukhazikiska na kukhozga ndondomeko zakulimbana na masoka, malo ghakusungirako chimanga, na nthowa zakuwonera na kulongosora kupanga vyakurya.<ref name=Number27 /> Pamasinda, Unduna wa Kupanga Chuma na Chitukuko ukapanga ndondomeko ya kukura kwa chuma iyo yikaŵa na chilato chakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na m'pata wakusanga vyakurya mwa kukhozgera malonda na ndalama zakunjira mu vyalo vya ku mizi mu Malawi, kuti ŵasange ndalama na ntchito.<ref name=Number27 /> ===Mitheto na chikaya=== Pa nyengo ya suzgo la vyakurya, ŵanthu ŵakamba kusintha umo ŵakakhaliranga kuti ŵasange chakurya. Ŵanyake ŵakamba kugwira ntchito zakwiza waka kuti ŵapokere vyakurya. Ŵanandi ŵakaguliska katundu wa mu nyumba na viŵeto pa mitengo yichoko kuti ŵagule chakurya, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti chiŵe chakusuzga kwa iwo kuwelera ku umoyo wakukhazikika pamanyuma pa suzgo la vyakurya.<ref name="Number39">{{Cite journal |last=Margolies, A., Kalagho, K., Kazembe, C. |date=2019 |title=Examining perceptions of food assistance on household food security and resilience in Malawi; Policy Note 32 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133065 |publisher=International Food Policy Research Institute |location=Washington DC |volume= |doi=10.2499/p15738coll2.133065|s2cid=239189252|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ŵanyake ŵakasamukira ku [[Zambia]] na vyalo vinyake vyapafupi kukapenja ntchito za malipiro ghachoko panji vyakurya.<ref name=Number5 /> Suzgo la vyakurya likakhwaskaso masambiro. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, ŵana awo ŵakaleka sukulu ŵakafika pa 25% chifukwa cha njara. Ŵanandi ŵakaleka kuluta ku sukulu kuti ŵagwire ntchito panji kupenja chakurya, apo ŵanyake ŵakatondeka kulipira ndalama za sukulu.<ref name=Number39 /> Ŵasambizgi ŵanyake ŵakadandawura kuti sukulu zikaluza mazaza pa ŵana chifukwa ŵangachichizga yayi ŵana kukhala, kusambira, panji kuchita ntchito za ku sukulu usange ŵali na njara na kudwala.<ref name=Number5 /> [[UNICEF]] yikayowoya kuti mu vigaŵa ivyo suzgo la vyakurya likaŵa likuru chomene, hafu m’paka vitatu mwa vigaŵa vinayi vya ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakaleka kuluta ku sukulu.<ref name=Number51 /> Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ŵana ku sukulu, [[UNICEF]] na [[WFP]] vikamba mapulogiramu ghakupereka vyakurya ku ŵana ku sukulu na wovwiri unyake ku ŵasambizgi na ŵantchito. [[UNICEF]] yikati pulogiramu iyi yikapangiska "kusintha kukuru" mu kuluta ku sukulu, ndipo mu malo ghanyake nyumba za sukulu zikazura na ŵana awo ŵakapenjanga chakurya.<ref name=Number51 /> Makhaliro gha chikaya chose ghakasinthaso kuheni, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵakamba kwiba ku ŵazengezgani, kusida ŵana, kulimbana chifukwa cha chakurya, na kusinthana kugonana kuti ŵasange chakurya.<ref name=Number5 /> Kwiba vyakurya na ndalama kukachuluka chomene. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, ŵakukora ŵankhungu ŵakaŵatombozganga na kuŵapweteka nga ni chilango.<ref name=Number5 /> Ŵachekuru, ŵana ŵambura ŵapapi, na ŵanakazi ŵakaŵa pangozi chomene, chifukwa chikaŵa chakusuzga kwa iwo kujiwovwira, ndipo ŵakaŵa vilato vikuru vya kwiba na nkhaza.<ref name=Number5 /> Mu 2005, ŵanakazi ŵanandi ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakakomekanga pa msika wa [[ADMARC]] apo ŵakaguranga chimanga chawo cha makilogalamu 25 icho ŵakapika.<ref name="Number40">{{Cite web |title=The Effect of the Food Crisis on Women and Their Families |url=https://archive.globalpolicy.org/the-dark-side-of-natural-resources-st/water-in-conflict/46209.html |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=archive.globalpolicy.org}}</ref> Mtengo wa [[ntchito ya kugonana]] ukakhira kufuma pa MK1000 kufika pa MK200, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵanakazi na ŵasungwana awo ŵakachitanga vinthu ivi kuti ŵasange ndalama ŵaŵe pangozi yikuru.<ref name=Number40 /> Mbumba na nthengwa nazo zikasinthika chifukwa cha suzgo la vyakurya: ŵasungwana ŵanandi ŵakachichizgika kutengwa ŵachali ŵachoko chifukwa mbumba zawo zikatenge zingakwaniska yayi kuŵapwelelera mu nyengo ya suzgo la vyakurya, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti nthengwa zakuleka na za nkhaza zichuluke.<ref name=Number39 /> Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakutorana ŵanyake ŵakamba kuleka kugomezgeka mu nthengwa kuti ŵasange ndalama na chakurya, ndipo ichi nacho chikapangiska kuti nthengwa zakuleka na za nkhaza zichuluke.<ref name=Number39 /> ==Suzgo la kusoŵa vyakurya mu 2012–2013== Malawi yikasanganaso na suzgo linyake la vyakurya mu 2012 na 2013. Kuyana na MVAC National [[Chivikiliro cha vyakurya|Food Security]] Forecast, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 1.4 miliyoni mu [[Malawi]] ŵakaŵa pangozi ya kusoŵa vyakurya mu vyaka vya 2013 na 2014.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ot-2012-000156-mwi|title=Malawi: Food Insecurity – 2012–2014|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Ichi chikaŵa 9.5% ya ŵanthu mu vigaŵa 21 vya charu, ndipo chigaŵa cha kumpoto ndicho chikasangana na suzgo likuru chomene.<ref name=":0" /> Vifukwa vya chuma, ndale, na ulimi vikawovwirapo pa suzgo ili.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} Ku chigaŵa cha chuma na ndale, Joyce Banda wakamba kulamulira mu Epulero 2012, ndipo wakaŵa mwanakazi wakwamba kuŵa pulezidenti wa Malawi. Mu Meyi wa chaka chenicho, [[Malawian kwacha|kwacha]] yikachepeska mtengo wake na 49% ndipo yikayamba kutaya nkhongono chomene.<ref name=":12"/> Kuyana na [[World Food Programme]], kuchepa kwa mtengo kwa ndalama iyi pamoza na kukwera kwa mitengo ya vinthu (inflation) kwa 12.4% mu mwezi wenewura kukapangiska mitengo ya vinthu vyakuzirwa na mauteŵeti kukwera chomene mu charu chose.<ref name=":12"/> Kweniso, Centre for Social Concern yikafumiska lipoti ilo likalongora kuti mtengo wa umoyo ukakwera na kujumpha 50% kufuma mu 2011 kufika mu 2012.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} Ku chigaŵa cha ulimi, kupanga chimanga kukakhira na 40% mu vigaŵa vinandi chifukwa cha vula yichoko.<ref name=":12"/> Kupanga chimanga kochepa uku pamoza na kuchepa kwa nkhongono za ŵanthu kugura vinthu, vikapangiska kuti mu 2012 ŵanthu pafupifupi miliyoni yimoza ŵakhumbikwirenge wovwiri kuti ŵasange vyakurya vyawo vyakuzirwa.<ref name=":12" /> Ndipouli, umo Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee yikawoneranga mu 2012, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa pangozi chikeneranga kukwera na 21% chifukwa cha suzgo la vyakurya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ot-2012-000156-mwi|title=Malawi: Food Insecurity – 2012–2014|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Kukwera kwa mitengo pamoza na kuchepa kwa kupanga chimanga vikapangiska kuti mitengo ya [[chimanga]] mu 2012 yiŵe yakwera na 40% kuluska mtengo wapakati wa vyaka vinkhondi ivyo vyajumpha.<ref name=":12" /> Chifukwa cha kukwera chomene kwa khumbo la chakurya, ŵamalonda ŵachisisi ŵakaguliskanga chimanga pa mitengo yapachanya chomene, ndipo ŵakapelekanga ku misika yinyake chimanga icho chikeneranga kupelekeka ku ŵanthu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Madalitso |date=2013-09-30 |title=No maize in Malawi's Admarc depots |url=http://timesmediamw.com/no-maize-in-malawis-admarc-depots/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316233943/http://timesmediamw.com/no-maize-in-malawis-admarc-depots/ |archive-date=2015-03-16 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=BNL Times}}</ref> Vinthu ivyo vikabisika na malo ghakupelekera vyakurya ivyo ŵanthu ŵakagomezganga vikawa vichoko chomene panji vikamara. Ichi chikakhwaska chomene chivikiliro cha vyakurya mu Malawi chifukwa chimanga ntchakurya chakuzirwa chomene ndipo ndicho chikulimika na kuryeka chomene mu charu.<ref name=":03"/> [[Famine Early Warning Systems Network|Mulongozgi wa machenjezo ghakwamba gha njara]] wakafumiska uthenga wakuti suzgo likuru la vyakurya lingachitika mu Malawi kufika mu Julayi 2012 ndipo lingatora myezi 9.<ref name=":12" /> Kweniso, kuyana na kafukufuku mu [[The Journal of Modern African Studies]], vinthu vyakhalako kufuma ku masuzgo gha vyakurya ghakale vikaŵa vikuwoneka mu 2012. Vifukwa vinandi ivyo vikapangiska suzgo la vyakurya la 2002, nga ni kutondeka kwa chitukuko na misika, navyo vikawovwirapo pa suzgo la 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dorward|first1=Andrew|last2=Kydd|first2=Jonathan|date=2004|title=The Malawi 2002 Food Crisis: The Rural Development Challenge|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=42|issue=3|pages=343–361|issn=0022-278X|jstor=3876336|doi=10.1017/S0022278X04000229|s2cid=54763363|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5115/1/malawi_food_crisis.pdf}}</ref> Ivi vikasazgapo kusazgikiska kwa malonda gha vyakurya mu mawoko gha ŵanthu, kufumiskapo wovwiri wa ŵalimi, na kuleka kulamulira misika.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ng’ambi|first1=F.|last2=Owusu|first2=K.|date=2002|title=Structural damage: the causes and consequences of Malawi's food crisis|url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB2013202812|language=en}}</ref> Kweniso, masuzgo gha vyakurya ghakale ghali na ndalama zikuru za nyengo yitali chifukwa kusoŵa makora vyakurya mu thupi kukupangiska kuchepa kwa nkhongono za ntchito chifukwa cha [[Kukura kwambura kwenelera|kuŵa wakutepeta]]. Kuyana na kafukufuku, pafupifupi 60% ya ŵalara mu charu ŵakusuzgika na kukura kwambura kwenelera chifukwa cha njara iyo ŵakaŵa nayo apo ŵakaŵa ŵana, ndipo ichi chikukwana pafupifupi ŵanthu 4.5 miliyoni mu Malawi awo ŵali na suzgo la kusoŵa vyakurya mu thupi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/new-study-reveals-huge-impact-hunger-economy-malawi-0|title=New Study Reveals Huge Impact Of Hunger On Economy Of Malawi|website=www.wfp.org|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Nadi, kafukufuku wenewura wa [[World Food Programme]] wakawona kuti Malawi yikataya ndalama zakukwana MWK 16.5 biliyoni mu kupanga vinthu chifukwa cha kusoŵa vyakurya mu thupi.<ref name=":2" /> == Chaka cha 2015 cha njara == Nangauli mu 2014 kuŵa kwa vyakurya mu Malawi kukakwera, ŵalimi ŵakawelera mu suzgo la kusoŵa chakurya mu 2015. Mu 2014, komiti ya Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee (MVAC) yikayowoya kuti ŵanthu 640,009 ŵakaŵa kuti ŵakusuzgika kusanga chakurya, pakuyaniska na ŵanthu 1.46 miliyoni mu chaka cham'mbuyo.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ot-2012-000156-mwi|title=Malawi: Food Insecurity – 2012–2014|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Kuchepa kwa ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika na chakurya kukachitika chifukwa cha kusangika kwa vyakurya vinandi mu 2014 chifukwa cha vuna yiwemi, kweni ivi vikakhala kwa nyengo yichoko chifukwa mu 2015 Malawi yikakhwaskika na maji ghanandi chomene.<ref name=":3" /> Vikuyerekelezgeka kuti Malawi yikutaya ndalama zakukwana madola 12.5 miliyoni, panji 1% ya [[GDP|chuma cha charu chonse]], chaka chilichose chifukwa cha chilangalanga, ndipo madola 9 miliyoni panji 0.7% ya GDP chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa maji mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa charu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Besada|first1=Hany|last2=Werner|first2=Karolina|date=2015-01-02|title=An assessment of the effects of Africa's water crisis on food security and management|journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development|volume=31|issue=1|pages=120–133|doi=10.1080/07900627.2014.905124|issn=0790-0627|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nadi, Malawi ni charu chachilendo yayi ku masuzgo gha nyengo, chifukwa pakati pa 1970 na 2006 pakaŵa masoka ghakujintha pa nyengo ghakujumpha 40.<ref name=":5"/> Mu 2015 kufika mu 2016, Malawi yikakumana na chilangalanga chikuru ndipo pamanyuma pakaŵa kusefukira kwa maji chifukwa cha [[El Niño|El Nino]].<ref name="Malawi Food Crisis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/emergency-response/malawi-food-crisis|title=Malawi Food Crisis|website=Oxfam GB|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref> Vilangalanga ivi vikaŵa viheni chomene mu vyaka 35 ivyo vyajumpha, chifukwa pakaŵa nyengo ziŵiri zakulima zakutondeka ndipo ŵalimi ŵakaŵavya vinthu vyakukwana vyakuŵapa chakurya iwo na mbumba zawo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deki.org.uk/blog/2017/1/27/update-on-food-crisis-in-malawi|title=Update on the food crisis in Malawi|website=Deki|access-date=2019-04-01|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401043739/https://www.deki.org.uk/blog/2017/1/27/update-on-food-crisis-in-malawi|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ivyo vikakhwaska ŵanthu chomene chifukwa 90% ya ŵanthu mu Malawi ŵakuthemba vyakurya ivyo vikulimika na vula kweniso ulimi kuti ŵakhale na umoyo. Ntheura pa 13 April 2016, [[Peter Mutharika|Mutharika]] pulezidenti wakapharazga kuti mu charu mwawa masoka ghakuru ndipo wakaŵika Malawi pa mulandu wa suzgo la chilangalanga na kusefukira kwa maji.<ref name=":7" /> Chifukwa cha suzgo ili, mitengo ya [[chimanga]] yikakwera chomene ndipo mbumba zinandi zikakatondeka kugula. Kweniso maji ghakukwana pa ulimi ghakaŵa ghachoko chomene, ivyo vikapangiska kuti ŵalimi ŵaleke kuwelera ku umoyo wawo wa kale.<ref name="Malawi Food Crisis"/> Mu February wa chaka chenechichi, mtengo wa chimanga ukaŵa kuti wakwera kale na 60% kuluska mtengo wa vyaka vitatu ivyo vyajumpha.<ref name=":7"/> Kuyana na [[Action Against Hunger]], ulimi wa chimanga ukachepa na 27% kufuma mu 2013 ndipo ukawa pasi na 20% pakuyaniska na umo ukaŵira mu vyaka vinkhondi ivyo vyajumpha.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/malawi/massive-food-crisis-threatens-500000-children-malawi|title=Massive food crisis threatens 500,000 children in Malawi – Malawi|website=ReliefWeb|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Masuzgo agha ghakapangiska ŵanthu kuguliska katundu wawo kuti ŵagure chakurya cha mbumba zawo, ndipo charu chikanjira mu suzgo likuru.<ref name=":4" /> Kuyana na [[World Food Programme]], mwana yumoza pa ŵana 10 wakusuzgika na kukura makora kwa thupi chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa vyakurya na suzgo la chakurya ilo likapangika na kusintha kwa nyengo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/09/509722-malawi-facing-worst-food-crisis-decade-requires-81-million-relief-aid-un-agency|title=Malawi facing worst food crisis in decade, requires $81 million in relief aid – UN agency|date=2015-09-25|website=UN News|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref> Pakaŵaso vinthu vinyake ivyo vikapangiska suzgo ili kuŵa likuru, nga nkhuŵavya ndondomeko zakukhora za nyengo yitali zakovwira ŵalimi mu Malawi kuti ŵalimbane na kusintha kwa nyengo mu ulimi.<ref name=":02">{{cite journal | doi=10.3390/su7021620 | doi-access=free | title=Responding to Crop Failure: Understanding Farmers' Coping Strategies in Southern Malawi | year=2015 | last1=Coulibaly | first1=Jeanne | last2=Gbetibouo | first2=Glwadys | last3=Kundhlande | first3=Godfrey | last4=Sileshi | first4=Gudeta | last5=Beedy | first5=Tracy | journal=Sustainability | volume=7 | issue=2 | pages=1620–1636 }}</ref> Vikupulikikwa kuti pakukhumbikwa ndondomeko zakovwira ŵalimi kusanga nthowa zakulimbana na kusintha kwa nyengo, nga ni ulimi wakukhalilira kweniso kusazgirako uwemi wa dongo.<ref name=":02" /> Kusowa kwa kunozgekera uku kukasazgikira pa masuzgo agho charu chikaŵa nagho kale. Kuyana na [[World Bank]], ŵanthu mu vyaru vyakukura makora yayi ŵakukhwaskika chomene na masoka gha chilengedwe chifukwa kutaya kwawo kukupimika kuyana na GDP yawo.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/famine-malawi-causes-and-consequences|title=Famine in Malawi: Causes and Consequences {{!}} Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|date=January 2008 |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Kweniso [[United Nations Development Programme]] yikulongosora kuti para charu chilije kunozgekera makora, masoka na ivyo vikuchitika pamanyuma vikuŵa viheni chomene.<ref name=":5" /> Malawi yikayezga kuchepeska vyakufumapo vya suzgo la chakurya mwa kugura inshuwalansi ya chilangalanga. Mu 2015, Malawi yikagura inshuwalansi ya chilangalanga ya nyengo ya ulimi wa 2015/2016 kufuma ku kampani ya African Risk Capacity (ACR).<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|last1=Reeves|first1=Jonathan|date=May 2017|title=The wrong model for resilience: How G7-backed drought insurance failed Malawi, and what we must learn from it|url=https://actionaid.org/publications/2017/wrong-model-resilience#downloads|journal=Action Aid}}</ref> Inshuwalansi iyi yikagulira madola ghakukwana US$5 miliyoni.<ref name=":62"/> Kweni wovwiri ukachedwa kufika ndipo ukafika ku ŵanthu ŵa Malawi mu 2017, ntheura ukatondeka kuchepeska kutaya kwachuma chifukwa cha suzgo ili.<ref name=":62"/> Action Aid yikuyowoya kuti chilangalanga cha 2015 chikapangiska Malawi kutaya ndalama zakukwana US$395 miliyoni.<ref name=":62"/> == Umo vinthu viliri sono == Nangauli Malawi yikambiska Ndondomeko ya Kovwira Ŵalimi na Vinthu vya Ulimi mu 2005, chandulo cha ndondomeko iyi chikalutilira kuthemba pa vula.<ref name=":62"/> Kweniso nthowa izo zikugwiliskirika ntchito nga ni manyowa gha kupanga na mbuto zakusinthika zikwambiska kunangika kwa dongo kweniso kuŵika ŵalimi mu vikatiko vya ngongoli.<ref name=":62" /> Ndondomeko zinandi zili kuŵikika kuti zivwire ŵalimi pa nkhani ya ndalama na ngongoli, nga ni [[ntchito za ulongozgi wa ulimi]], mapulogiramu gha ntchito za boma, na kupokera ndalama kwambura vifukwa vyakupokera. Ndondomeko ya charu ya kusintha na kunozgekera nyengo nayo yikukhumba kuŵikapo nthowa zakukhozgera chomene ulimi kuti ulutilire kususkana na masuzgo.<ref name=":62" /> Ivi vikukolerana na ndondomeko ya Malawi ya kusinthasintha vyakuchita, iyo yikuyowoya kuti masuzgo ghakuru ni ukavu, malo ghachoko gha kulimapo, kweniso kuthemba chomene pa vinthu vya chilengedwe.<ref name=":03"/> Ndondomeko iyi yikukhumba kunozga nkhani za kusangika kwa chakurya, kusamalira vinthu vya chilengedwe, nkhongono zakutowa, tekinoloje, na ndalama kuti chitukuko chikure, kusintha kwa nyengo kuchepe, kweniso kukhozga mtende na chitetezo cha ŵanthu.<ref name=":03"/> Mu 2018, mtengo wa chimanga ukakwera kanandi waka, kufuma pa 100 Malawi Kwacha (US$0.14) pa kilogalamu kufika pa 140 Kwacha ($0.19) pa kilogalamu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwnation.com/maize-prices-40/|title=Maize prices up 40%|last1=Phiri|first1=Grace|date=2018-02-06|website=The Nation Online|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, ulimi wa chimanga mu Malawi ukachepa na 20% mu 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Roy |first1=Deblina |date=24 May 2018 |title=Malawi maize production down by 20 percent |url=http://www.africanfarming.net/crops/agriculture/malawi-maize-production-down-by-20-per-cent |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=African Farming and Food Processing |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khamula |first=Owen |date=2018-05-22 |title=Malawi maize production harvests down by 20 percent |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi-maize-production-harvests-drops-by-20/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Nyasa Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kufika mu Seputembala 2018, boma la Malawi likakhazikiska mtengo wa chimanga pa 170 Kwacha ($0.23) pa kilogalamu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/govt-brings-down-maize-prices-in-admarc/|title=Govt brings down maize prices in Admarc|date=2018-09-20|website=Malawi Nyasa Times – Malawi breaking news in Malawi|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> Pa 14 Malichi 2019, Fumu yikuru ya mu [[Karonga District|Chigaŵa cha Karonga]] yikayowoya kuti yikwenjerwa kuti Karonga yingakumana na kusoŵa kwa chimanga chifukwa cha chilangalanga icho chikatora nyengo yitali.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201903140491.html|title=Malawi: Karonga At Risk of Hunger Due to Prolonged Dry Spell|last1=Mhone|first1=Sithembile|date=2019-03-14|work=Nyasa Times (Leeds)|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> Mu Malichi 2019, Malawi yikakhwaskika na [[Cyclone Idai|Chimphepo cha Idai]]. Pamanyuma pa kusefukira kwa maji kwakofya uko kukachitika chifukwa cha chimphepo ichi, nduna ya vya ulimi yikayowoya kuti charu chingaŵa kuti chataya 20% ya chimanga icho chikeneranga kubalika mu nyengo iyi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN1RE0NK-OZATP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402094925/https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN1RE0NK-OZATP|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2019|title=Malawi could lose 20 pct of maize crop in cyclone flooding – minister|last1=Winning|first1=Alexander|date=April 2, 2019|work=Reuters Africa|access-date=April 5, 2019}}</ref> == Mazgu ghakulongosora == <references/> [[Category:Njara mu Africa]] [[Category:2005 mu Malawi|suzgo la vyakurya]] [[Category:Chilala mu Africa]] [[Category:Masoka gha chilengiwa mu Malawi]] [[Category: 2002 chilala]] [[Category:2002 mu Malaŵi]] [[Category:Kuvikilirika kwa vyakurya kuyana na vyaru|Malawi]] 0u8rvhctrlh813c0d2x0nzr6aytz5hq 4 48262 120324 118247 2026-08-28T00:17:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120324 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Montauk Point Lighthouse 2008.jpeg|100px]] </div> '''[[The Hamptons]]''' ni chigaŵa cha mizi ya mumphepete mwa nyanja pa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa [[Long Island]] mu [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]], [[New York]]. Chigaŵa ichi chili na matawuni gha [[Southampton (town), New York|Southampton]] na [[East Hampton (town), New York|East Hampton]], agho ghakupanga [[South Fork, Suffolk County, New York|South Fork]] ya Long Island. Pakwamba chikaŵa chigaŵa cha ulimi na usodzi, kweni chikazgoka malo ghakumanyikwa gha maholide gha ku nyanja mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. The Hamptons yikufuma ku [[Westhampton, New York|Westhampton]] kufika ku [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]] ndipo yili na mizi nga ni Southampton, East Hampton, Bridgehampton, Sag Harbor na Amagansett. Chigaŵa ichi chikuzomerezgeka chifukwa cha magombe ghake, nyumba zakale, malo ghakutowa gha mumphepete mwa nyanja, na ntchito za vya chikhalidwe. Ŵalangi na ŵanthu ŵa vya luso ŵakhalapo mu chigaŵa ichi kwa nyengo yitali, ndipo chikuchitikira vyakuchitika nga ni [[Hamptons International Film Festival]]. ([[The Hamptons|Nkhani yose...]]) jbm0ajnxib1lswzu6lc4ory6d9b7zw1 4 48263 120326 118248 2026-08-28T00:24:08Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120326 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Hortonpoint.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Horton Point Light]]''' ni nyumba ya kuunikira sitima (''lighthouse'') iyo yili kumpoto kwa [[Long Island]] mu [[Southold (CDP), New York|Southold]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. Nyumba iyi yikazengeka mu 1857 ndipo yikakhala na chigongwe chakuyowoya pa malo agho ghali mamita 60 pachanya pa [[Long Island Sound]]. Chigongwe ichi chikayamba kugwiliskirika ntchito mu 1933 ndipo chikazgoka cha makina. Mu 1990 chikayambaso kuŵala pamanyuma pa kunozgeka kukuru. Nyumba iyi yili na chigongwe chakuzingilira chakuzengeka na granite na njerwa zakupakika stucco, ndipo yili na nyumba yakuthandizirapo. Mu 1994 yikazomerezgeka pa [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Mazuŵa ghano yikulongozgeka na [[Southold, New York|Town of Southold]] ndipo yikugwira ntchito nga ni malo ghakusungirako mbiri na nyumba yakuwonelera ŵalendo. ([[Horton Point Light|Nkhani yose...]]) ar293h7sqps11tlgcs8xv8gj1c7lpuf 0 48882 120307 2026-08-27T12:17:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''''Clavelina moluccensis''''' ni mtundu wa [[tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=3447 View Clavelina moluccensis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa..." 120307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Clavelina moluccensis''''' ni mtundu wa [[tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=3447 View Clavelina moluccensis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima.<ref>Allen, Gerald (2001), ''Marine Life of the Pacific and Indian Oceans'', Tuttle Publishing and Periplus (Singapore), p. 62</ref> Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]],<ref>[http://data.gbif.org/species/14572615 Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]],<ref name="autogenerated12" /> [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]].<ref name="autogenerated13" /> Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. Vikovwira so kuŵika vinthu vya mu nyanja mu nthowa yakwenelera. Vinyama ivi vikuŵa vyakuzirwa chomene mu malo gha nyanja chifukwa vikovwira pa kayendedwe ka chakurya na vinthu vinyake mu maji. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== *[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=251574 ''Clavelina moluccensis'' pa WoRMS] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075418/http://www.absolutelywildvisuals.com/Clavelina-moluccensis-stock-footage-25295.aspx Vidiyo ya ''Clavelina moluccensis'' kusuntha mu maji gha mu nyanja] *[http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/bigs/reef1122.jpg Chithunzithunzi chapachanya pa NOAA] [[Category:Matunikata]] [[Category:Clavelinidae]] rvddzzwizkmskzqben37yrgxwn0f4h3 120308 120307 2026-08-27T12:18:26Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Fixed broken 120308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Clavelina moluccensis''''' ni mtundu wa [[tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=3447 View Clavelina moluccensis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima.<ref>Allen, Gerald (2001), ''Marine Life of the Pacific and Indian Oceans'', Tuttle Publishing and Periplus (Singapore), p. 62</ref> Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]],<ref>[http://data.gbif.org/species/14572615 Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]],<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. Vikovwira so kuŵika vinthu vya mu nyanja mu nthowa yakwenelera. Vinyama ivi vikuŵa vyakuzirwa chomene mu malo gha nyanja chifukwa vikovwira pa kayendedwe ka chakurya na vinthu vinyake mu maji. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== *[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=251574 ''Clavelina moluccensis'' pa WoRMS] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075418/http://www.absolutelywildvisuals.com/Clavelina-moluccensis-stock-footage-25295.aspx Vidiyo ya ''Clavelina moluccensis'' kusuntha mu maji gha mu nyanja] *[http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/bigs/reef1122.jpg Chithunzithunzi chapachanya pa NOAA] [[Category:Matunikata]] [[Category:Clavelinidae]] n6c443y6h5xy49quwo461d7yocnziud 120309 120308 2026-08-27T12:18:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Clavelina moluccensis''''' ni mtundu wa [[tunikata]] wakumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti '''bluebell tunicate''' panji '''blue sea squirt'''.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.saltcorner.com/AquariumLibrary/browsespecies.php?CritterID=3447 View Clavelina moluccensis<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ni mtundu wa vinyama vya mu nyanja mu mtundu wa ''Clavelina'', ndipo nga ni ma ascidian ghose, ukukhalira pa malo ghamoza ndipo ukusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Thupi lake likukura kufika pa masentimita 0.5 m'paka 2.5 ndipo lili na mtundu wakubiliŵira wakuzizima.<ref>Allen, Gerald (2001), ''Marine Life of the Pacific and Indian Oceans'', Tuttle Publishing and Periplus (Singapore), p. 62</ref> Pa chanya cha thupi lake pali vimanyikwiro vyakuda vya buluu ivyo vikuwoneka nyengo zose. Vinyama ivi vikukhala mu maji gha [[Australia]],<ref>[http://data.gbif.org/species/14572615 Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Western Pacific Ocean|Pacific wakumwera kwa dazi]], [[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Mariana Islands]],<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] na [[Malaysia]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Vikukura mu magulu agho ghakukakilira pa makorali ghakufwa panji vinthu vinyake vyakukhora, kanandi pasi pa malo ghakubisika mu nyanja. Vinyama ivi vikusefa maji kuti visange chakurya, ndipo maji ghakunjira mu thupi lake kwizira mu mipata yapadera. Vikuchita ntchito yakusefa maji mu malo agho vikukhala, ndipo vikovwira kuti vinthu vya mu nyanja vilutilire kuŵa na umoyo. Vikovwira so kuŵika vinthu vya mu nyanja mu nthowa yakwenelera. Vinyama ivi vikuŵa vyakuzirwa chomene mu malo gha nyanja chifukwa vikovwira pa kayendedwe ka chakurya na vinthu vinyake mu maji. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== *[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=251574 ''Clavelina moluccensis'' pa WoRMS] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075418/http://www.absolutelywildvisuals.com/Clavelina-moluccensis-stock-footage-25295.aspx Vidiyo ya ''Clavelina moluccensis'' kusuntha mu maji gha mu nyanja] *[http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/bigs/reef1122.jpg Chithunzithunzi chapachanya pa NOAA] [[Category:Matunikata]] [[Category:Clavelinidae]] lpi3vj81rxuqhjbi8ez3xomtnttq50z 0 48883 120310 2026-08-27T12:28:25Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Costasiella kuroshimae''''' (wakumanyikwaso kuti '''leaf slug''', '''sea sheep''', olo '''leaf sheep''') ni mtundu wa somba za mu nyanja za sacoglossan. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ni [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja ivyo vikukhala mu banja la ''[[Costasiellidae]]''.<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=''Costasiella kuroshimae'' Ichikawa 1993 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494655 |access-date=17 January 201..." 120310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Costasiella kuroshimae''''' (wakumanyikwaso kuti '''leaf slug''', '''sea sheep''', olo '''leaf sheep''') ni mtundu wa somba za mu nyanja za sacoglossan. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ni [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja ivyo vikukhala mu banja la ''[[Costasiellidae]]''.<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=''Costasiella kuroshimae'' Ichikawa 1993 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494655 |access-date=17 January 2015 |work=World Register of Marine Species |vauthors=Bouchet P}}</ref> Nangauli ni vinyama, vikupanga vyakurya vyakupangika na ungweru, kwizira mu kleptoplasty.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Christa|first1=Gregor|last2=B. Gould|first2=Sven|last3=Franken|first3=Johanna|last4=Vleugels|first4=Manja|last5=Karmeinski|first5=Dario|last6=Handeler|first6=Katharina|last7=F. Martin|first7=William|last8=Wagele|first8=Heike|title=Functional kleptoplasty in a limapontioidean genus: phylogeny, food preferences and photosynthesis in Costasiella, with a focus on C. ocellifera (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa)|journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies|date=23 May 2014|volume=80|issue=5|pages=499–507|doi=10.1093/mollus/eyu026}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery> File:Costasiella_Kuroshimae_(19080120525)_(2).jpg|Chithunzithunzi cha kunthazi cha mtundu wa ''Costasiella kuroshimae''. File:Costasiella_kuroshimae_taken_in_Anilao_Philippines.png|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' wakatoleka ku malo ghakusambilirapo vya maji ghakuchemeka Secret Bay Anilao, ku [[Batangas]], ku [[Philippines]] File:Costasiella_kuroshimae,_Koh_Phangan.jpg|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' ku Koh Phangan, 2014 File:Costasiella_y_puesta.jpg|''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ku Bali, [[Indonesia]]. File:Costasiella_cf_kuroshimae.png|''Costasiella'' cf. ''kuroshimae'' pa ''Avrainvillea erecta''. Muzi: Nkhoska cha Lizard, Chilumba Chikulu cha Barrier. Utali wa slug uli pafupifupi: {{cvt|1|cm|frac=8}}. </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == * [https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/sealife-collection/ Sealife Collection vithuzi] [[Category:Costasiellidae]] fkbucznkkb6mei7pgdunxjg086gx8o3 120311 120310 2026-08-27T12:29:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Possible spelling errors 120311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Revision}} {{Databox}} '''''Costasiella kuroshimae''''' (wakumanyikwaso kuti '''leaf slug''', '''sea sheep''', olo '''leaf sheep''') ni mtundu wa somba za mu nyanja za sacoglossan. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ni [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja ivyo vikukhala mu banja la ''[[Costasiellidae]]''.<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=''Costasiella kuroshimae'' Ichikawa 1993 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494655 |access-date=17 January 2015 |work=World Register of Marine Species |vauthors=Bouchet P}}</ref> Nangauli ni vinyama, vikupanga vyakurya vyakupangika na ungweru, kwizira mu kleptoplasty.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Christa|first1=Gregor|last2=B. Gould|first2=Sven|last3=Franken|first3=Johanna|last4=Vleugels|first4=Manja|last5=Karmeinski|first5=Dario|last6=Handeler|first6=Katharina|last7=F. Martin|first7=William|last8=Wagele|first8=Heike|title=Functional kleptoplasty in a limapontioidean genus: phylogeny, food preferences and photosynthesis in Costasiella, with a focus on C. ocellifera (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa)|journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies|date=23 May 2014|volume=80|issue=5|pages=499–507|doi=10.1093/mollus/eyu026}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery> File:Costasiella_Kuroshimae_(19080120525)_(2).jpg|Chithunzithunzi cha kunthazi cha mtundu wa ''Costasiella kuroshimae''. File:Costasiella_kuroshimae_taken_in_Anilao_Philippines.png|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' wakatoleka ku malo ghakusambilirapo vya maji ghakuchemeka Secret Bay Anilao, ku [[Batangas]], ku [[Philippines]] File:Costasiella_kuroshimae,_Koh_Phangan.jpg|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' ku Koh Phangan, 2014 File:Costasiella_y_puesta.jpg|''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ku Bali, [[Indonesia]]. File:Costasiella_cf_kuroshimae.png|''Costasiella'' cf. ''kuroshimae'' pa ''Avrainvillea erecta''. Muzi: Nkhoska cha Lizard, Chilumba Chikulu cha Barrier. Utali wa slug uli pafupifupi: {{cvt|1|cm|frac=8}}. </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == * [https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/sealife-collection/ Sealife Collection vithuzi] [[Category:Costasiellidae]] rtsni0kvnb7f2pjsicvrjen7kgu2re5 0 48884 120312 2026-08-27T13:11:17Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Mawombat''' ni vinyama vya malundi ghafupi, vya minofu vya malundi ghanayi vya mu mbumba ya [[Vombatidae]] ivyo vikukhala ku [[Australia]]. Mitundu ya vyamoyo yikuŵa pafupifupi mita yimoza (40 in) mu utali na michira yichoko, yakukhora ndipo yikulemera pakati pa 20 na 35 kg (44 na 77 lb).<ref name="Butler">{{cite book |last=Butler |first=Susan |title=The Dinkum Dictionary: The Origins of Australian Words |publisher=Text Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-9..." 120312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawombat''' ni vinyama vya malundi ghafupi, vya minofu vya malundi ghanayi vya mu mbumba ya [[Vombatidae]] ivyo vikukhala ku [[Australia]]. Mitundu ya vyamoyo yikuŵa pafupifupi mita yimoza (40 in) mu utali na michira yichoko, yakukhora ndipo yikulemera pakati pa 20 na 35 kg (44 na 77 lb).<ref name="Butler">{{cite book |last=Butler |first=Susan |title=The Dinkum Dictionary: The Origins of Australian Words |publisher=Text Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-921799-10-5 |page=266}}</ref> Iwo ŵakusintha vinthu ndipo ŵakuzizipizga malo agho ŵakukhala, ndipo ŵakusangika mu malo gha nkhalango, mapiri, na malo ghakukhotakhota gha kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Australia, kusazgapo [[Tasmania]], ndiposo malo ghakutali ghakukwana mahekitala pafupifupi 300 (maekala 740) mu Epping Forest National Park<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/northern-hairynosed.html |access-date=2 July 2011 |work=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> mu chigaŵa chapakati cha Queensland. == Ukaboni == {{Reflist|30em}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Vombatidae}}{{Wiktionary|wombat}} * [https://www.dpc.sa.gov.au/responsibilities/state-protocols-acknowledgements/using-the-state-insignia-and-emblems South Australian Government Faunal Emblem] (webusayiti yakuzomerezgeka) * [https://www.nla.gov.au/angus-trumble/rossettis-wombat-a-pre-raphaelite-obsession-in-victorian-england Rossetti's Wombat: A Pre-Raphaelite Obsession in Victorian England] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605174602/https://www.nla.gov.au/angus-trumble/rossettis-wombat-a-pre-raphaelite-obsession-in-victorian-england|date=5 June 2022}}) * [https://www.smh.com.au/national/wombat-combat-danger-is-their-middle-name-20100407-rr4d.html Man attacked by wombat]—''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' * [https://www.theage.com.au/national/secret-sex-life-of-wombats-20051212-ge1ew2.html Secret sex life of wombat] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HurgI7RN_YM Video of the most long-lived known captive wombat, Patrick] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxIcuV-kWac Video of Christmas Wombat] * [https://theoatmeal.com/comics/wombats We need to have a conversation about wombats] (''[[The Oatmeal]]'') [[Category:Mavombatiform]] [[Category:Vinyama vya ku Australia]] 3y0gl1l1ry510abttttou5huuroyoif 120313 120312 2026-08-27T13:11:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Ukaboni */ 120313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mawombat''' ni vinyama vya malundi ghafupi, vya minofu vya malundi ghanayi vya mu mbumba ya [[Vombatidae]] ivyo vikukhala ku [[Australia]]. Mitundu ya vyamoyo yikuŵa pafupifupi mita yimoza (40 in) mu utali na michira yichoko, yakukhora ndipo yikulemera pakati pa 20 na 35 kg (44 na 77 lb).<ref name="Butler">{{cite book |last=Butler |first=Susan |title=The Dinkum Dictionary: The Origins of Australian Words |publisher=Text Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-921799-10-5 |page=266}}</ref> Iwo ŵakusintha vinthu ndipo ŵakuzizipizga malo agho ŵakukhala, ndipo ŵakusangika mu malo gha nkhalango, mapiri, na malo ghakukhotakhota gha kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Australia, kusazgapo [[Tasmania]], ndiposo malo ghakutali ghakukwana mahekitala pafupifupi 300 (maekala 740) mu Epping Forest National Park<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/northern-hairynosed.html |access-date=2 July 2011 |work=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> mu chigaŵa chapakati cha Queensland. == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Vombatidae}}{{Wiktionary|wombat}} * [https://www.dpc.sa.gov.au/responsibilities/state-protocols-acknowledgements/using-the-state-insignia-and-emblems South Australian Government Faunal Emblem] (webusayiti yakuzomerezgeka) * [https://www.nla.gov.au/angus-trumble/rossettis-wombat-a-pre-raphaelite-obsession-in-victorian-england Rossetti's Wombat: A Pre-Raphaelite Obsession in Victorian England] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605174602/https://www.nla.gov.au/angus-trumble/rossettis-wombat-a-pre-raphaelite-obsession-in-victorian-england|date=5 June 2022}}) * [https://www.smh.com.au/national/wombat-combat-danger-is-their-middle-name-20100407-rr4d.html Man attacked by wombat]—''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' * [https://www.theage.com.au/national/secret-sex-life-of-wombats-20051212-ge1ew2.html Secret sex life of wombat] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HurgI7RN_YM Video of the most long-lived known captive wombat, Patrick] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxIcuV-kWac Video of Christmas Wombat] * [https://theoatmeal.com/comics/wombats We need to have a conversation about wombats] (''[[The Oatmeal]]'') [[Category:Mavombatiform]] [[Category:Vinyama vya ku Australia]] ntcjnwhy6vfvds894qnmg6cotvysps4 0 48885 120314 2026-08-27T13:25:29Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', panji '''Alley of the Baobabs''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la vipambi vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu..." 120314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', panji '''Alley of the Baobabs''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la vipambi vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] fzb6buw4zmqjpi2hu097ed8gmdap3gd 120315 120314 2026-08-27T13:27:01Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', panji '''Msewu wa Mabaobab''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la vipambi vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] hqk0avulu58rg3vfidiy3qv1hzdh6y6 120316 120315 2026-08-27T13:31:21Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', panji '''Msewu wa Mabaobab''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la makuni vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] p52fmztwoalr0ic8u6m2e35zgzz5oml 120317 120316 2026-08-27T17:08:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] to [[Msewu wa Mabaobab]]: Tumbuka title, English one as a redirect 120316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', panji '''Msewu wa Mabaobab''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la makuni vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] p52fmztwoalr0ic8u6m2e35zgzz5oml 120321 120317 2026-08-27T23:58:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Msewu wa Mabaobab''', panji '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la makuni vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] agohuzcxh61gizxaks5fcjacprrinwx 120322 120321 2026-08-28T00:01:01Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Msewu wa Mabaobab''', panji '''Avenue of the Baobabs''', ni gulu lakumanyikwa chomene la makuni vya ku Grandidier (''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'') ivyo vikukhala mu msewu uwo ulije msewu nambara 8 pakati pa [[Morondava]] na [[Belon’i Tsiribihina]] mu chigaŵa cha Menabe kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa [[Madagascar]]. Malo ghake ghakuzizwiska ghakukopa ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakulutako chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Iwo ŵali kuŵa malo ghakusungirako vyakumera vya mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakapika chitetezo cha nyengo yichoko waka mu Julayi 2007 na Unduna wa Chilengiwa, Maji na Nkhalango – nthowa yakupangira chikumbusko chakwamba cha chilengiwa cha Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 August 2007 |title=Allée des Baobabs: Un site classé aire protégée |trans-title=Alley of the Baobabs: A protected area site |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Un-site-classe-aire-protegee,1372.html |language=French |work=Madagascar Tribune |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Kulongosora == Pafupi na msewu uwo uli na mtunda wa mamita 260 (850 ft) pali mtengo wa baobab wa ''Adansonia grandidieri'' 20-25. Makuni ghanyake 25 panji kujumphirapo gha mtundu uwu ghakusangika kuti ghakumera pa minda ya mpunga na maluwa ghapafupi agho ghali mu maekala 9.9 (4 ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Madagascar/Menabe/AvenueofBaobabs.htm |title=Avenue of the Baobabs |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 July 2012 |website=Wondermondo |access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Makuni agha, agho ghakusangika mu Madagascar, ghatalika pafupifupi mamita 30 (98 ft).<ref name="Geographical2007">{{cite magazine |last=Scales |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |date=March 2007 |title=The land of the giants |url=http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Geographical |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927220036/http://www.geographical.co.uk/Magazine/Baobabs_-_Mar_2007.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref> Makuni gha baobab, agho ghakumanyikwa ku malo agha kuti ''renala'' panji ''reniala'' (kufuma [[ChiMalagasy]] ''reny ala'' "amama wa nkhalango")<ref name=Boiteau>{{Cite dictionary|url=https://en.mondemalgache.org/bins/teny2/renala|title=renala|first1=Pierre|last1=Boiteau|dictionary=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |language=fr|date=1999|publisher=Editions Alzieu|volume=III|quote=...de reny : mère et ala : la forêt...|via=Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Madagascar}}</ref><ref name= Ambrose >Ambrose-Oji, B. & Mughogho, N., 2007. Adansonia grandidieri Baill. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. van der Vossen, H.A.M. & Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108055619/http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp |date=2013-11-08 }}>. Accessed 30 March 2022.</ref> ni chiharo cha nkhalango zikuruzikuru zakutentha izo kale zikaŵanga ku Madagascar. Pakwamba makuni agha ghakaŵa paŵekha yayi pa malo ghakucemeka scrub, kweni ghakaŵa mu nkhalango yikuru. Kwa vyaka vinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakasazgikiranga mu charu ichi, ŵakadumura nkhalango kuti ŵalimenge, ndipo pakakhala waka makuni gha baobab, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaghasunganga chomene chifukwa cha kukhumba kwawo ndiposo chifukwa chakuti ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene nga ni vyakurya na vinthu vyakuzenga.<ref name="Geographical2007" /> [[File:Amoureux Baobab Morondava Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Baobab Amoureux]] == Kusungika kwa vinthu == Malo agha ni chikumbusko cha chilengiwa icho chikusungika kufuma mu Julayi 2015, kweni makuni agha ghachali pangozi chifukwa chakuti makuni ghakudumulikaso, maji ghakufuma mu minda ya tirigu iyo yikunjira mu malo agha, moto wa mu thengere, na moto wa mu thengere.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 August 2007 |title=Madagascar's baobab avenue gains monumental status |url=http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |url-status=dead |work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226114304/http://lifestyle.monstersandcritics.com/travel/news/article_1342760.php/Madagascars_baobab_avenue_gains_monumental_status |archive-date=26 February 2008 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> Pali masitolo ghachoko waka gha ŵalendo pafupi ndipo pali ndalama yakuŵikamo galimoto ya 5000 (pasi pa 2 USD) ndalama ya charu kufuma mu 2026. Fanamby, wupu wambura kukhazikika na boma wa ku Malagasy, wayamba ntchito ya ecotourism iyo yikukhumba kuvikilira malo agha na kunozga chuma cha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha kufuma mu 2014 ndipo wakambiska vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti ŵawovwirike kukhozgera malo agha mu 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Nicole |date=15 August 2007 |title=Baobab band-aid |url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=316545&area=/insight/monitor/ |url-status=dead |work=Mail & Guardian Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095000/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?area=%2Finsight%2Fmonitor%2F&articleId=316545 |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=22 March 2008}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Walking the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha pa Avenue File:Avenue of the Baobabs at Sunset.jpg|Pa nyengo iyo dazi likunjilira File:Sunset on the Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Kuwona kwa Avenue para dazi lanjira File:After Sunset on Avenue of the Baobabs.jpg|Para dazi lanjira </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons category|Avenue of the Baobabs}} * {{YouTube|D04k9UadUWE|Alley of Baobabs, Madagascar - Conservation International}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Menabe]] [[Category:Nkhalango za ku Madagascar]] p0hg3mjlq90ly2pya89binz8xvinai0 0 48886 120318 2026-08-27T17:08:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Tumbuka Arch moved page [[Avenue of the Baobabs]] to [[Msewu wa Mabaobab]]: Tumbuka title, English one as a redirect 120318 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Msewu wa Mabaobab]] mfhxc6i54mrgniyvd0bml3530709qo9 14 48887 120319 2026-08-27T17:22:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120319 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 48888 120320 2026-08-27T17:22:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created blank page 120320 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 48889 120323 2026-08-28T00:12:29Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''The Hamptons''' ni chigaŵa cha mizi ya mumphepete mwa nyanja pa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Long Island mu Suffolk County, [[New York]]. Chigaŵa ichi chili na matawuni gha [[Southampton (town), New York|Southampton]] na [[East Hampton (town), New York|East Hampton]], agho ghakupanga [[South Fork, Suffolk County, New York|South Fork]] ya Long Island. Pakwamba chikaŵa chigaŵa cha ulimi na usodzi, kweni chikazgoka malo ghakumanyikwa gha maholide gha ku nyanja..." 120323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The Hamptons''' ni chigaŵa cha mizi ya mumphepete mwa nyanja pa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Long Island mu Suffolk County, [[New York]]. Chigaŵa ichi chili na matawuni gha [[Southampton (town), New York|Southampton]] na [[East Hampton (town), New York|East Hampton]], agho ghakupanga [[South Fork, Suffolk County, New York|South Fork]] ya Long Island. Pakwamba chikaŵa chigaŵa cha ulimi na usodzi, kweni chikazgoka malo ghakumanyikwa gha maholide gha ku nyanja mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800.<ref>{{cite news|title=Southampton's Beauties; A Charming Region at Its Best in the Summer Months|work=The New York Times|date=May 27, 1893|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/05/27/archives/southamptons-beauties-a-charming-region-at-its-best-in-the-summer.html}}</ref> The Hamptons yikufuma ku [[Westhampton, New York|Westhampton]] kufika ku [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]] ndipo yili na mizi nga ni Southampton, East Hampton, Bridgehampton, Sag Harbor na Amagansett. Chigaŵa ichi chikuzomerezgeka chifukwa cha magombe ghake, nyumba zakale, malo ghakutowa gha mumphepete mwa nyanja, na ntchito za vya chikhalidwe. Ŵalangi na ŵanthu ŵa vya luso ŵakhalapo mu chigaŵa ichi kwa nyengo yitali, ndipo chikuchitikira vyakuchitika nga ni [[Hamptons International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rutenberg|first=Jim|title=The Battle for the Soul of the Hamptons|work=The New York Times|date=August 28, 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/30/fashion/the-battle-for-the-soul-of-the-hamptons.html}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{commons category}} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/18/nyregion/real-estate-101-in-the-hamptons.html "Real Estate 101 in the Hamptons"], ''The New York Times''. * [http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/studios200008?printable=true&currentPage=all/ "Studios by the Sea"], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', August 2000. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090803212747/http://www.forbestraveler.com/golf/expensive-golf-clubs-story.html "The Most Expensive Golf Courses in the Country"], ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine. *[https://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7530000/newsid_7537200/7537282.stm "Ruffling A Few Feathers In One Of America's Most Exclusive Retreats, The Hamptons"] Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (2008-08-01) [[Category:The Hamptons, New York| ]] [[Category:United States of Amelika]] qzsg6ck7g9gzu70yaguvf308hx5ktji 0 48890 120325 2026-08-28T00:23:05Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Horton Point Light''' ni nyumba ya kuunikira sitima (''lighthouse'') iyo yili kumpoto kwa [[Long Island]] mu [[Southold (CDP), New York|Southold]], [[New York]]. Nyumba iyi yikazengeka mu 1857 ndipo yikakhala na chigongwe chakuyowoya pa malo agho ghali mamita 60 pachanya pa [[Long Island Sound]].<ref>https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/nydn.htm</ref> Chigongwe ichi chikayamba kugwiliskirika ntchito mu 1933 ndipo chikazgoka cha makina. Mu 1990 chikayambaso k..." 120325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Horton Point Light''' ni nyumba ya kuunikira sitima (''lighthouse'') iyo yili kumpoto kwa [[Long Island]] mu [[Southold (CDP), New York|Southold]], [[New York]]. Nyumba iyi yikazengeka mu 1857 ndipo yikakhala na chigongwe chakuyowoya pa malo agho ghali mamita 60 pachanya pa [[Long Island Sound]].<ref>https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/nydn.htm</ref> Chigongwe ichi chikayamba kugwiliskirika ntchito mu 1933 ndipo chikazgoka cha makina. Mu 1990 chikayambaso kuŵala pamanyuma pa kunozgeka kukuru. Nyumba iyi yili na chigongwe chakuzingilira chakuzengeka na granite na njerwa zakupakika stucco, ndipo yili na nyumba yakuthandizirapo. Mu 1994 yikazomerezgeka pa [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Mazuŵa ghano yikulongozgeka na [[Southold, New York|Town of Southold]] ndipo yikugwira ntchito nga ni malo ghakusungirako mbiri na nyumba yakuwonelera ŵalendo.<ref>https://msi.nga.mil/api/publications/download?key=16694576/SFH00000/USCG_Volume_I.pdf</ref> == Ukaboni == {{reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{commons category}} *[http://www.longislandlighthouses.com/hortonpt.htm Long Island lighthouses article] *[http://www.southoldhistoricalsociety.org/lighthouse.htm Southold Historical Society: Nautical Museum at Horton Point Lighthouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725030250/http://www.southoldhistoricalsociety.org/lighthouse.htm |date=2008-07-25 }} *[http://www.aaqeastend.com/contents/horton-point-lighthouse-southold-resized/ Horton Point Lighthouse; Art & Architecture Quarterly / East End] [[Category:Nyumba zakuŵikamo nyali]] [[Category:Malo ghakukopa ŵalendo pa Long Island]] dcjq5jygx19p9v4w7zfmmzl5cg5gc8g 0 48891 120327 2026-08-28T00:41:26Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 Created page with "[[File:Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Melbourne''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]]" 120327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Melbourne''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]] m7mre7kvzeitjvhpbqt54zemvgm4rcu 0 48892 120328 2026-08-28T00:42:22Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 Created page with "[[File:Perth_CBD_skyline_from_State_War_Memorial_Lookout,_2023,_04_b.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Perth''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]]" 120328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Perth_CBD_skyline_from_State_War_Memorial_Lookout,_2023,_04_b.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Perth''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]] k04cp05cxjnuentuptzi7dwxu755lot 0 48893 120329 2026-08-28T00:42:48Z Chanda Vavilaya 11964 Created page with "[[File:Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Darwin''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Northern Territory]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]]" 120329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Melbourne_skyline_sor.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Darwin''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Northern Territory]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]] 2emfzpl0ir7981k8s699syhtfbqmmpd 120330 120329 2026-08-28T00:44:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Correcting skyline 120330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DarwinOct172024_02.jpg|right|384x384px]] '''Darwin''' ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu state ya [[Northern Territory]], [[Australia]] na [[Oceania]]. {{Australia}} [[Category:Australia]] e8dkxddr8tadiyb06ij5uul9t6fz1sz 0 48894 120336 2026-08-28T07:29:00Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Thaliacea''' ni gulu la [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja vya mtundu wa [[Chordata|chordates]] mu gulu la [[Tunicata|tunikata]], ndipo likusazgapo [[Salp|salps]], [[Pyrosome|pyrosomes]] na [[Doliolid|doliolids]]. Mwakupambana na ma ascidian agho ghakukhala pasi pa nyanja, thaliaceans ghakukhala ghakwendakwenda mu maji gha nyanja nyengo zose za umoyo wawo. Vinyama ivi vingasangika mu mitundu yambura kukhala yekha panji mu magulu. Thaliaceans ni ma filter feeder ndi..." 120336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thaliacea''' ni gulu la [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja vya mtundu wa [[Chordata|chordates]] mu gulu la [[Tunicata|tunikata]], ndipo likusazgapo [[Salp|salps]], [[Pyrosome|pyrosomes]] na [[Doliolid|doliolids]]. Mwakupambana na ma ascidian agho ghakukhala pasi pa nyanja, thaliaceans ghakukhala ghakwendakwenda mu maji gha nyanja nyengo zose za umoyo wawo. Vinyama ivi vingasangika mu mitundu yambura kukhala yekha panji mu magulu. Thaliaceans ni ma filter feeder ndipo ghakusunga chakurya mwa kusefa maji. Pyrosomes ghali na magulu gha zooids agho ghakupanga thupi la silinda, apo salps na doliolids zili na thupi la nga ni mbiya ndipo zikujitambuzga mwa kusukuma maji. Ghali na umoyo wakuzizwiska uwo ukusazgapo kubabika mwa kugawikana na kubabika kwa mazira. Nangauli ghakukhala ghanandi mu nyanja, ghakusangika mwakukwana yayi mu viswaswa vya kale.<ref name="huayuan">{{cite journal|last1=Zeng|first1=Han|last2=Liu|first2=Qi|last3=Zhao|first3=Fangchen|last4=Luo|first4=Cui|last5=Wang|first5=Dezhi|last6=Zhu|first6=Yuyan|last7=Liu|first7=Yao|last8=Chen|first8=Kai|last9=Sun|first9=Zhixin|last10=Hong|first10=Yanjie|last11=Miao|first11=Lanyun|last12=Hu|first12=Chunlin|last13=Sun|first13=Haijing|last14=Pan|first14=Bing|last15=Zhao|first15=Jialin|last16=Yin|first16=Zongjun|last17=Li|first17=Guoxiang|last18=Yang|first18=Xinglian|last19=Yang|first19=Aihua|last20=Hu|first20=Shixue|last21=Zhu|first21=Maoyan|title=A Cambrian soft-bodied biota after the first Phanerozoic mass extinction|journal=Nature|date=28 January 2026|doi=10.1038/s41586-025-10030-0|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == * [http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/thaliacea.html earthlife.net] * [http://www.amonline.net.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/salp.htm amonline.net.au] * [http://www.ascidians.com/families/thaliacea/thaliacea.htm ascidians.com] * [https://www.tunicate-portal.org tunicate-portal.org] [[Category:Thaliacea]] o0h27xqlqd26qfmm90usefwabktrouv 0 48895 120337 2026-08-28T07:36:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Diyosisi ya Northern Malawi''' ni yimoza mwa ma diyosisi ghanayi gha [[Church of the Province of Central Africa]] mu [[Malaŵi]]. Diyosisi iyi yikakhazikiskika mu 1995, ndipo yili na chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Malawi. Bishopu wake wachitatu kufuma mu 2010 ni [[Fanuel Magangani]]. Katedralu ya diyosisi iyi ni [[St Peter's Cathedral, Likoma|Katedralu ya St Peter]] pa [[Likoma Island]], iyo yikazengeka pakati pa 1903 na 1911 ndipo yikaŵa likuru la Universiti..." 120337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diyosisi ya Northern Malawi''' ni yimoza mwa ma diyosisi ghanayi gha [[Church of the Province of Central Africa]] mu [[Malaŵi]]. Diyosisi iyi yikakhazikiskika mu 1995, ndipo yili na chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Malawi. Bishopu wake wachitatu kufuma mu 2010 ni [[Fanuel Magangani]]. Katedralu ya diyosisi iyi ni [[St Peter's Cathedral, Likoma|Katedralu ya St Peter]] pa [[Likoma Island]], iyo yikazengeka pakati pa 1903 na 1911 ndipo yikaŵa likuru la [[Universities' Mission to Central Africa]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 19 na m'ma 20. Ukhristu wa Anglican mu Malawi ukamba mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800 kwizira mu ntchito za umishonale za [[David Livingstone]] na [[Universities' Mission to Central Africa]]. Mu 1892, ukapangika mwandondomeko apo bishopu wakwamba wa [[Nyasaland]] wakasankhika. Mu 1995, Diyosisi ya Northern Malawi yikapangika kufuma ku Diyosisi ya Lake Malaŵi. Mu 2010, [[Fanuel Magangani]] wakaŵa bishopu wakwamba wa mu Africa kulongozga diyosisi iyi.{{citation needed}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== *[https://anglicancouncilinmw.org/ Anglican Council in Malawi] [[Category:Chisopa cha Anglikani mu Malaŵi]] 9l64atwauboc88x9k31xanaz0cpa2e1 0 48896 120338 2026-08-28T07:46:31Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[Dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyik..." 120338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[Dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. [[Sossusvlei]] ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]].<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Sossusvlei |url=http://www.sossusvlei.net/ |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Sossusvlei}}</ref> == Nyengo == Sossusvlei ili na nyengo yakutentha ya mapopa. Kutentha kwa chaka na chaka kuli 24°C. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, usiku nyengo yakuzizima yikuŵa pafupifupi 10°C, apo mu nyengo ya chilimwe kanandi nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 40°C. Pakuti malo agha ghali mu mapopa gha Namib, pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo ya mphepo ya muhanya na ya usiku. Vula ni chinthu chakusoŵa chomene.{{Weather box | collapsed = | location = Sesriem, Namibia (2010–2017 averages) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 40.6 | Feb record high C = 39.8 | Mar record high C = 36.8 | Apr record high C = 37.0 | May record high C = 34.7 | Jun record high C = 29.8 | Jul record high C = 29.9 | Aug record high C = 35.8 | Sep record high C = 38.5 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 40.5 | Dec record high C = 40.1 | year record high C = 40.6 | Jan high C = 33.2 | Feb high C = 34.5 | Mar high C = 34.2 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 29.1 | Jun high C = 25.7 | Jul high C = 25.3 | Aug high C = 28.1 | Sep high C = 30.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 33.5 | Dec high C = 34.1 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 26.7 | Mar mean C = 26.7 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 20.7 | Jun mean C = 16.5 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 18.4 | Sep mean C = 21.8 | Oct mean C = 23.9 | Nov mean C = 25.2 | Dec mean C = 25.5 | year mean C = 22.6 | Jan low C = 17.2 | Feb low C = 19.1 | Mar low C = 20.2 | Apr low C = 15.3 | May low C = 12.3 | Jun low C = 7.9 | Jul low C = 8.4 | Aug low C = 8.6 | Sep low C = 12.0 | Oct low C = 13.6 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 15.8 | year low C = 7.9 | Jan record low C = 7.6 | Feb record low C = 11.1 | Mar record low C = 14.9 | Apr record low C = 5.6 | May record low C = 0.6 | Jun record low C = -2.3 | Jul record low C = -2.3 | Aug record low C = -1.8 | Sep record low C = 1.7 | Oct record low C = 4.4 | Nov record low C = 5.2 | Dec record low C = 0 | year record low C = -2.3 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 16.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 8.9 | May precipitation mm = 13.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 1.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 0.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.1 | year precipitation mm = 104 | date = 2010-2017 Average | source 1 = <ref name="Namibia Weather">{{cite web |url=http://weather.namsearch.com/namibdesert/wxclimate.php?date=climatedataout112009 |title=Monthly reports / Namib Desert (Reference period 2010−2018) |publisher=Namibia Weather Network |location=Namib Desert (Sesriem) |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> }} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons|Sossusvlei}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sossusvlei}} [[Category:Namibia]] [[Category:Mapani gha mchere gha ku Namibia]] blm2hyx8h19v0xts2u3tt8btjnu0pwq 120339 120338 2026-08-28T07:46:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' ni malo ghakuzizwiska mu [[Namib Desert|Chipululu cha Namib]] ku [[Namibia]], agho ghakumanyikwa chifukwa cha [[Dune|mapiri gha mchenga]] ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakupambanika gha [[mchenga]] na [[miyala]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. Sossusvlei ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]].<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Sossusvlei |url=http://www.sossusvlei.net/ |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Sossusvlei}}</ref> == Nyengo == Sossusvlei ili na nyengo yakutentha ya mapopa. Kutentha kwa chaka na chaka kuli 24°C. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, usiku nyengo yakuzizima yikuŵa pafupifupi 10°C, apo mu nyengo ya chilimwe kanandi nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 40°C. Pakuti malo agha ghali mu mapopa gha Namib, pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo ya mphepo ya muhanya na ya usiku. Vula ni chinthu chakusoŵa chomene.{{Weather box | collapsed = | location = Sesriem, Namibia (2010–2017 averages) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 40.6 | Feb record high C = 39.8 | Mar record high C = 36.8 | Apr record high C = 37.0 | May record high C = 34.7 | Jun record high C = 29.8 | Jul record high C = 29.9 | Aug record high C = 35.8 | Sep record high C = 38.5 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 40.5 | Dec record high C = 40.1 | year record high C = 40.6 | Jan high C = 33.2 | Feb high C = 34.5 | Mar high C = 34.2 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 29.1 | Jun high C = 25.7 | Jul high C = 25.3 | Aug high C = 28.1 | Sep high C = 30.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 33.5 | Dec high C = 34.1 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 26.7 | Mar mean C = 26.7 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 20.7 | Jun mean C = 16.5 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 18.4 | Sep mean C = 21.8 | Oct mean C = 23.9 | Nov mean C = 25.2 | Dec mean C = 25.5 | year mean C = 22.6 | Jan low C = 17.2 | Feb low C = 19.1 | Mar low C = 20.2 | Apr low C = 15.3 | May low C = 12.3 | Jun low C = 7.9 | Jul low C = 8.4 | Aug low C = 8.6 | Sep low C = 12.0 | Oct low C = 13.6 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 15.8 | year low C = 7.9 | Jan record low C = 7.6 | Feb record low C = 11.1 | Mar record low C = 14.9 | Apr record low C = 5.6 | May record low C = 0.6 | Jun record low C = -2.3 | Jul record low C = -2.3 | Aug record low C = -1.8 | Sep record low C = 1.7 | Oct record low C = 4.4 | Nov record low C = 5.2 | Dec record low C = 0 | year record low C = -2.3 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 16.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 8.9 | May precipitation mm = 13.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 1.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 0.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.1 | year precipitation mm = 104 | date = 2010-2017 Average | source 1 = <ref name="Namibia Weather">{{cite web |url=http://weather.namsearch.com/namibdesert/wxclimate.php?date=climatedataout112009 |title=Monthly reports / Namib Desert (Reference period 2010−2018) |publisher=Namibia Weather Network |location=Namib Desert (Sesriem) |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> }} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons|Sossusvlei}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sossusvlei}} [[Category:Namibia]] [[Category:Mapani gha mchere gha ku Namibia]] 7mw4gmzlp494pij5ukrmueywi5746xr 120340 120339 2026-08-28T07:50:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Lots of errors 120340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}}{{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' (nyengo zinyake ŵakulemba kuti '''Sossus Vlei''') ni pani ya mchere na dongo iyo yili kuzingilizgika na vibumira vyapachanya vyakufipa, ndipo yili kumwera kwa [[chipululu cha Namib]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Ŵalendo ŵakiza kuwona mitundu ya mchenga iyo yikusintha para [[zuŵa]] likufuma panji kusweka, ndipo malo agha ghakupanga vithuzithuzi vyakutowa chomene. Sossusvlei ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]].<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Sossusvlei |url=http://www.sossusvlei.net/ |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Sossusvlei}}</ref> == Nyengo == Sossusvlei ili na nyengo yakutentha ya mapopa. Kutentha kwa chaka na chaka kuli 24°C. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, usiku nyengo yakuzizima yikuŵa pafupifupi 10°C, apo mu nyengo ya chilimwe kanandi nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 40°C. Pakuti malo agha ghali mu mapopa gha Namib, pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo ya mphepo ya muhanya na ya usiku. Vula ni chinthu chakusoŵa chomene.{{Weather box | collapsed = | location = Sesriem, Namibia (2010–2017 averages) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 40.6 | Feb record high C = 39.8 | Mar record high C = 36.8 | Apr record high C = 37.0 | May record high C = 34.7 | Jun record high C = 29.8 | Jul record high C = 29.9 | Aug record high C = 35.8 | Sep record high C = 38.5 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 40.5 | Dec record high C = 40.1 | year record high C = 40.6 | Jan high C = 33.2 | Feb high C = 34.5 | Mar high C = 34.2 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 29.1 | Jun high C = 25.7 | Jul high C = 25.3 | Aug high C = 28.1 | Sep high C = 30.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 33.5 | Dec high C = 34.1 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 26.7 | Mar mean C = 26.7 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 20.7 | Jun mean C = 16.5 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 18.4 | Sep mean C = 21.8 | Oct mean C = 23.9 | Nov mean C = 25.2 | Dec mean C = 25.5 | year mean C = 22.6 | Jan low C = 17.2 | Feb low C = 19.1 | Mar low C = 20.2 | Apr low C = 15.3 | May low C = 12.3 | Jun low C = 7.9 | Jul low C = 8.4 | Aug low C = 8.6 | Sep low C = 12.0 | Oct low C = 13.6 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 15.8 | year low C = 7.9 | Jan record low C = 7.6 | Feb record low C = 11.1 | Mar record low C = 14.9 | Apr record low C = 5.6 | May record low C = 0.6 | Jun record low C = -2.3 | Jul record low C = -2.3 | Aug record low C = -1.8 | Sep record low C = 1.7 | Oct record low C = 4.4 | Nov record low C = 5.2 | Dec record low C = 0 | year record low C = -2.3 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 16.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 8.9 | May precipitation mm = 13.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 1.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 0.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.1 | year precipitation mm = 104 | date = 2010-2017 Average | source 1 = <ref name="Namibia Weather">{{cite web |url=http://weather.namsearch.com/namibdesert/wxclimate.php?date=climatedataout112009 |title=Monthly reports / Namib Desert (Reference period 2010−2018) |publisher=Namibia Weather Network |location=Namib Desert (Sesriem) |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> }} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons|Sossusvlei}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sossusvlei}} [[Category:Namibia]] [[Category:Mapani gha mchere gha ku Namibia]] eclt5gszxoxb5hcuwzx691v5og19y4e 120341 120340 2026-08-28T07:51:06Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}}{{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' (nyengo zinyake ŵakulemba kuti '''Sossus Vlei''') ni pani ya mchere na dongo iyo yili kuzingilizgika na vibumira vyapachanya vyakufipa, ndipo yili kumwera kwa [[chipululu cha Namib]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Sossusvlei ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ndipo ni yimoza mwa malo ghakutowa chomene mu [[Africa|Afilika]].<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Sossusvlei |url=http://www.sossusvlei.net/ |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Sossusvlei}}</ref> == Nyengo == Sossusvlei ili na nyengo yakutentha ya mapopa. Kutentha kwa chaka na chaka kuli 24°C. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, usiku nyengo yakuzizima yikuŵa pafupifupi 10°C, apo mu nyengo ya chilimwe kanandi nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 40°C. Pakuti malo agha ghali mu mapopa gha Namib, pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo ya mphepo ya muhanya na ya usiku. Vula ni chinthu chakusoŵa chomene.{{Weather box | collapsed = | location = Sesriem, Namibia (2010–2017 averages) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 40.6 | Feb record high C = 39.8 | Mar record high C = 36.8 | Apr record high C = 37.0 | May record high C = 34.7 | Jun record high C = 29.8 | Jul record high C = 29.9 | Aug record high C = 35.8 | Sep record high C = 38.5 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 40.5 | Dec record high C = 40.1 | year record high C = 40.6 | Jan high C = 33.2 | Feb high C = 34.5 | Mar high C = 34.2 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 29.1 | Jun high C = 25.7 | Jul high C = 25.3 | Aug high C = 28.1 | Sep high C = 30.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 33.5 | Dec high C = 34.1 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 26.7 | Mar mean C = 26.7 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 20.7 | Jun mean C = 16.5 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 18.4 | Sep mean C = 21.8 | Oct mean C = 23.9 | Nov mean C = 25.2 | Dec mean C = 25.5 | year mean C = 22.6 | Jan low C = 17.2 | Feb low C = 19.1 | Mar low C = 20.2 | Apr low C = 15.3 | May low C = 12.3 | Jun low C = 7.9 | Jul low C = 8.4 | Aug low C = 8.6 | Sep low C = 12.0 | Oct low C = 13.6 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 15.8 | year low C = 7.9 | Jan record low C = 7.6 | Feb record low C = 11.1 | Mar record low C = 14.9 | Apr record low C = 5.6 | May record low C = 0.6 | Jun record low C = -2.3 | Jul record low C = -2.3 | Aug record low C = -1.8 | Sep record low C = 1.7 | Oct record low C = 4.4 | Nov record low C = 5.2 | Dec record low C = 0 | year record low C = -2.3 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 16.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 8.9 | May precipitation mm = 13.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 1.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 0.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.1 | year precipitation mm = 104 | date = 2010-2017 Average | source 1 = <ref name="Namibia Weather">{{cite web |url=http://weather.namsearch.com/namibdesert/wxclimate.php?date=climatedataout112009 |title=Monthly reports / Namib Desert (Reference period 2010−2018) |publisher=Namibia Weather Network |location=Namib Desert (Sesriem) |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> }} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons|Sossusvlei}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sossusvlei}} [[Category:Namibia]] [[Category:Mapani gha mchere gha ku Namibia]] 46w5olccpo765x3rhy5v7cbcuod0h9v 120342 120341 2026-08-28T07:51:23Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 120342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}}{{Databox}} '''Sossusvlei''' (nyengo zinyake ŵakulemba kuti '''Sossus Vlei''') ni pani ya mchere na dongo iyo yili kuzingilizgika na vibumira vyapachanya vyakufipa, ndipo yili kumwera kwa [[chipululu cha Namib]].<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |date= |title=Deadvlei |url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/dead-vlei |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}</ref> Malo agha ghali na [[Dune 45]], limoza mwa mapiri gha mchenga agho ghakumanyikwa chomene, kweniso [[Deadvlei]], uko pali makuni ghakufwa agho ghakakhala mu malo ghakoma chomene kwa vyaka vinandi. Sossusvlei ni chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]].<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Sossusvlei |url=http://www.sossusvlei.net/ |accessdate=2012-12-26 |publisher=Sossusvlei}}</ref> == Nyengo == Sossusvlei ili na nyengo yakutentha ya mapopa. Kutentha kwa chaka na chaka kuli 24°C. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, usiku nyengo yakuzizima yikuŵa pafupifupi 10°C, apo mu nyengo ya chilimwe kanandi nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 40°C. Pakuti malo agha ghali mu mapopa gha Namib, pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo ya mphepo ya muhanya na ya usiku. Vula ni chinthu chakusoŵa chomene.{{Weather box | collapsed = | location = Sesriem, Namibia (2010–2017 averages) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 40.6 | Feb record high C = 39.8 | Mar record high C = 36.8 | Apr record high C = 37.0 | May record high C = 34.7 | Jun record high C = 29.8 | Jul record high C = 29.9 | Aug record high C = 35.8 | Sep record high C = 38.5 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 40.5 | Dec record high C = 40.1 | year record high C = 40.6 | Jan high C = 33.2 | Feb high C = 34.5 | Mar high C = 34.2 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 29.1 | Jun high C = 25.7 | Jul high C = 25.3 | Aug high C = 28.1 | Sep high C = 30.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 33.5 | Dec high C = 34.1 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 26.7 | Mar mean C = 26.7 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 20.7 | Jun mean C = 16.5 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 18.4 | Sep mean C = 21.8 | Oct mean C = 23.9 | Nov mean C = 25.2 | Dec mean C = 25.5 | year mean C = 22.6 | Jan low C = 17.2 | Feb low C = 19.1 | Mar low C = 20.2 | Apr low C = 15.3 | May low C = 12.3 | Jun low C = 7.9 | Jul low C = 8.4 | Aug low C = 8.6 | Sep low C = 12.0 | Oct low C = 13.6 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 15.8 | year low C = 7.9 | Jan record low C = 7.6 | Feb record low C = 11.1 | Mar record low C = 14.9 | Apr record low C = 5.6 | May record low C = 0.6 | Jun record low C = -2.3 | Jul record low C = -2.3 | Aug record low C = -1.8 | Sep record low C = 1.7 | Oct record low C = 4.4 | Nov record low C = 5.2 | Dec record low C = 0 | year record low C = -2.3 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 16.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 8.9 | May precipitation mm = 13.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.1 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.6 | Oct precipitation mm = 1.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 0.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.1 | year precipitation mm = 104 | date = 2010-2017 Average | source 1 = <ref name="Namibia Weather">{{cite web |url=http://weather.namsearch.com/namibdesert/wxclimate.php?date=climatedataout112009 |title=Monthly reports / Namib Desert (Reference period 2010−2018) |publisher=Namibia Weather Network |location=Namib Desert (Sesriem) |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}</ref> }} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Commons|Sossusvlei}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Sossusvlei}} [[Category:Namibia]] [[Category:Mapani gha mchere gha ku Namibia]] nqt0z8wz0bxt67ss4efeyec31wr26b8