Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6233 120531 119303 2026-09-01T04:06:00Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 120531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Makina yakulongozgeka iyo yikunozga uthenga}} {{Other uses|Mrangura (disambiguation)}} {{Pp-semi-indef}} {{Pp-move}} {{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=300 | image1 = ENIAC-changing a tube (cropped).jpg | alt1 = Black-and-white image of a man replacing one vacuum tube out of hundreds in early computer | image2 = IBM System360 Mainframe.jpg | alt2 = Computer room with multiple computer cabinets and operating panel | image3 = LYF WATER 2 Smartphone.JPG | alt3 = Smartphone with rainbow-like display held in a hand | image4 = ThinkCentre S50.jpg | alt4 = Black desktop computer with monitor on top and keyboard in front | image5 = Gamecube-console.jpg | alt5 = Purple video game console with attached controller | image6 = Summit (supercomputer).jpg | alt6 = Rows of large, dark computer cabinets in warehouse-like room | footer = Computers and computing devices from different eras—left to right, top to bottom: {{bulleted list |Early vacuum tube computer ([[ENIAC]]) |[[Mainframe]] computer ([[IBM System/360]]) |[[Smartphone]] ([[LYF]] Water 2) |[[Desktop computer]] (IBM [[ThinkCentre#S50|ThinkCentre S50]] with monitor) |[[Video game console]] (Nintendo [[GameCube]]) |[[Supercomputer]] (IBM [[Summit (supercomputer)|Summit]]) }} }} '''Mrangura''' ni [[makina]]. Iwo ungaŵa [[Kupanga mapulogalamu gha pa mrangura|kupanga mapulogalamu]]. Iwo mwaŵene [[Kupha (kuŵerengera)|kuchita]] ndondomeko. Ndondomeko izi ni za [[masamu]] panji [[mapulogalamu ghakumanyikwa]]. Ichi chikuchemeka ''[[kupenda]]''. Mamrangura gha mazuŵa ghano [[gha pa mrangura]] ghakuchita vinthu vyakupambanapambana. Ntchito izi zikumanyikwa kuti [[Pulogalamu ya mrangura|''mapulogalamu'']]. Mapulogiramu ghakovwira mamrangura kuti ghachitenge milimo yinandi. Lizgu lakuti '''dongosolo la mrangura''' lingayowoya za mrangura yose. Ivi vikusazgapo [[Vipangizo vya pa mrangura|vipangizo vya pa mrangura]], [[vipangizo vyakugwiliskira ntchito]], [[vipangizo]], na [[vipangizo vyakuzungulira]]. Vinthu ivi vikukhumbikwa kuti vigwirenge ntchito mwakukwana. Mwakuyana waka, likung’anamura gulu la mamrangura. Mamrangura agha ghakukolerana. Ŵakugwira ntchito pamoza. Viyelezgero ivi ni [[netiweki ya mrangura]] panji [[gulu la mrangura]]. Vinthu vinandi vikugwiriskira ncito mamrangura. Ivi vikusazgapo [[Mulongozgi wa mapulogalamu|mafakitale]] na [[Vinthu vya magesi vyakuguliska|vinthu vyakuguliska]]. Ŵakugwiriskira ncito mamrangura nga ni [[ndondomeko yakulongozgera]]s. Viyelezgero ni vipangizo vipusu nga ni [[uvuni wa microwave]] na [[kulongozgera patali]]. Vipangizo vya mafakitale nga ni [[roboti ya mafakitale]]s navyo vikuvigwiriskira ncito. Mamrangura ni ghakuzirwa chomene pa vipangizo vyakugwiriskira ntchito ŵanthu wose. Vinthu ivi vikusazgapo [[mrangura]] na [[chipangizo cha pa foni]] nga ni [[foni yamakono]]. Mamrangura ghakupereka nkhongono ku [[Intaneti]]. Intaneti yikukoleska mamrangura mabiliyoni ghanandi na ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito Intaneti. Mamrangura ghakale ghakaŵanga ghakugwiliskirika nchito waka pa [[kupenda]]. Vipangizo vyambura kusuzga vyakulembeka vikawovwiranga pa mawerengero. [[Abacus]] nchiyelezgero. Ŵanthu ŵali kugwiliskira ntchito kufuma waka pa nyengo yakale. Mu nyengo ya [[Kusintha kwa Mafakitale]], ŵakapanga vipangizo vya makina. Ŵakachitanga ntchito zitali ndiposo zakutondeska. Chiyelezgero ni ndondomeko yakulongozga ya [[loom]]s. Kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m’ma 1900, ŵakapanga makina ghapachanya chomene gha magesi. Ŵakachitanga mawerengero ghapadera [[Vinthu vya magesi vya analogue|analog]]. Mu nyengo ya [[Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose]], ŵakapanga makina ghakwamba ghakupenda ndalama gha pa mrangura [[Digital data|digital]]. Vinthu ivi vikaŵa makina gha [[mrangura ya makina|makina gha magesi]]. Ŵakagwiliskirangaso ntchito [[vavu ya thermionic]]s. Kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m’ma 1940, [[semikondakita]] [[transistor]]s yikawonekera. Mu vilimika vya kumanyuma vya m’ma 1950, vipangizo vya [[silicon]]-vyakupangika na [[MOSFET]] (transistor ya MOS) na [[dera lakuphatikizgika la monolithic]] vikalondezgapo. Ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe [[maikroprosesa]]. Ŵakapangiskaso kuti paŵe [[kusintha kwa mamrangura ghachokoghachoko]] mu vilimika vya m’ma 1970. Kufuma nyengo iyi, luŵiro lwa mrangura, nkhongono, na kugwira ntchito zinandi vyasazgikira chomene. [[Chiŵerengero cha ma transistor]]s chakwera mwaluŵiro. [[Dango la Moore]] likayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵakaŵazganga kaŵiri pa vilimika viŵiri vyose. Ici cikapangiska kuti paŵe [[Kusintha kwa Digito]]. Likachitika kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m’ma 1900 na kukwambilira kwa vilimika vya m’ma 1900. Mwakuyana waka, mrangura ya mazuŵa ghano yili na [[chinthu chakupangira vinthu]] chimoza. Ichi chikuŵa [[chigaŵa chapakati cha kupanga vinthu]] (CPU). CPU kanandi yikuŵa [[maikroprosesa]]. Kweniso likusazgapo mtundu unyake wa [[memory ya mrangura]]. Ichi chikuŵa [[kukumbukira kwa semiconductor]] vipangizo. Chinthu chakunozga chikuchita ntchito za masamu. Iwo ukuchitaso ntchito zakupulikikwa. Unit yakulongozgera na kulaŵilira yikusazgapo. Unit iyi ingasintha ndondomeko ya ntchito. Ikuzgora ku [[data|uthenga]] wakusungika. Vipangizo vyakuzungulira ndiwo chigaŵa cha ndondomeko. Iwo ŵakusazgapo vipangizo vyakunjilirapo. Viyelezgero ni [[Tekinoloje ya kiyibodi|makiyibodi]], [[Mbeŵa ya pa mrangura|mbeŵa]], na [[joysticks]]. Iwo ŵakusazgaposo vipangizo vyakufumiskiramo. Viyelezgero ni [[Kuwonelera mrangura|kuwonelera]] na [[Kusindikizga (kusindikizga)|kusindikizga]]. Pali [[Vipangizo vyakunjilirapo na vyakufumamo|vipangizo vyakunjilirapo/vyakufumiska]] navyo. Ivi vikuchita milimo yose yiŵiri. Chiyelezgero ni [[kukhwaska|kukhwaska]]. Vipangizo vyakuzungulira vikuzomerezga kusanga uthenga. Vimanyikwiro ivi vikufuma ku malo gha kuwaro. Iwo ŵakovwiraso kusunga vyakusangikamo. Ivyo vikufuma mu opareshoni vingasangikaso. {{TOC limit|3}} == Mbiri ya zina == [[File:X-4 with Female Computer - GPN-2000-001932.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Munthu-mrangura]], iyo yili na microscope na calculator, 1952|alt=A human computer.]] Pakati pa vilimika vya m’ma 1900 ndipo lizgu ili likamba kumanyikwa makora mazuŵa ghano; kuyana na ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]'', kugwiriskira ncito kwakwamba kwakumanyikwa kwa lizgu lakuti ''mrangura'' kukaŵa mu ng'anamuro lakupambana, mu buku la 1613 lakuchemeka ''The Yong Mans Gleanings'' la mulembi wa Chingelezi [[Richard Brathwait]]: "Ine {{sic}} kuŵazga mrangura yaunenesko ya Times, ndipo Nkhwantha ya Masamu yiwemi chomene iyo euer {{sic|nolink=y}} kupuma, ndipo wakuchepeskako mazuŵa ghako kuŵa nambara yifupi." Kugwiriskira ncito lizgu ili kukayowoyanga za [[mrangura ya munthu]], munthu uyo ​​wakacitanga mawerengero panji [[mawerengero]]s. Lizgu ili likalutilira kuŵa na ng’anamuro limoza mpaka pakati pa vilimika vya m’ma 1900. Mu nyengo ya umaliro wa nyengo iyi, ŵanakazi ŵakaŵanga nga ni mrangura yawo. ŵanyawo.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=23}} Mu 1943, mamrangura ghanandi gha ŵanthu ghakaŵa gha ŵanakazi ..{{Sfn|Smith|2013|p=6}} ''[[Dikishonale ya Etymology pa Intaneti]]'' yikupereka ukaboni wakwamba wakugwiriskira ncito ''mrangura'' mu vilimika vya m'ma 1640, kung'anamura 'uyo wakupenda'; iyi ni "zina la wovwiri kufuma ku compute (v.)". "Dikishonale ya Etymology ya pa intaneti" yikuti kugwiriskira ncito lizgu ili kukung'anamura {{" '}}makina ghakuŵerengera' (gha mtundu uliwose) kufuma mu 1897." "Online Etymology Dictionary" yikulongora kuti "kugwiriskira ncito kwa mazuŵa ghano" kwa lizgu ili, kung'anamura 'mrangura ya digito yakupangika' yikafuma mu "1945 pasi pa zina ili; [mu] fundo [yakusambizga] kufuma mu 1937, nga ni ''[[makina gha Turing]]''".<ref>{{cite web |title=computer (n.) |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=computer |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |language=en-US |archive-date=16 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116065135/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=computer }}</ref> The name has remained, although modern computers are capable of many higher-level functions. == Mbiri == {{Main|Mbiri ya mrangura|Mbiri ya vipangizo vya mrangura}} {{For timeline|Timeline of computing}} === Pre-20th century === [[File:Os d'Ishango IRSNB.JPG|thumb|upright=0.65|[[Chiwangwa cha Ishango]], [[chida cha fupa]] icho chikapangika mu nyengo ya [[Africa pambere mbiri yindambe]]]] Vipangizo vyagwiriskirika ncito kuti viwovwire pa kupenda kwa virimika vikwi vinandi, comenecomene vikugwiriskira ncito [[kulemberana kwa yumoza na yumoza]] na [[kupenda kwa minwe|minwe]]. Chipangizo chakwamba chakuŵerengera chikwenera kuti chikaŵa mtundu wa [[tally stick]]. Pamanyuma pake vyakovwira kusunga vyakulembeka mu [[Fertile Crescent]] yose vikaŵa na calculi (vigaŵa vya dongo, makoni, na vinyake) ivyo vikayimiranga viŵelengero vya vinthu, vikwenera kuti vikaŵa viŵeto panji mbewu, ivyo vikajalirika mu viŵiya vya dongo vyambura kuphika. vimanyikwiro, vyose pamoza vikaŵa chiŵelengero cha vinthu ivyo vikasamuskikanga. Mwantheura viŵiya ivi vikaŵanga nga ni [[bill of lading]] panji buku la akaunti. Kuti ŵaleke kuphyora viŵiya ivi, cakwamba ŵakaŵikanga vithuzithuzi vya dongo vya vimanyikwiro kuwaro kwa viŵiya ivi, kuti ŵaŵerengerenge; mawonekero gha vithuzithuzi vikafumiskikapo mu vimanyikwiro vyakupangika; paumaliro, vimanyikwiro vyambura kumanyikwa vikagwiriskirika ncito mwandondomeko nga ni manambara; manambala agha pamanyuma ghakazomerezgeka kuŵa manambara.<br />Paumaliro vimanyikwiro ivyo vikaŵa kuwaro kwa viŵiya ndivyo vikakhumbikwanga kuti vilongosore unandi, ndipo viŵiya vya dongo vikasintha na kuŵa viphapha vya dongo ivyo vikaŵa na vimanyikwiro vya unandi. {{harvnb|Schmandt-Besserat|1999}} estimates it took 4000 years.}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robson |first=Eleanor |title=Mathematics in Ancient Iraq |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-691-09182-2 |page=5 |author-link=Eleanor Robson}}: calculi were in use in Iraq for primitive accounting systems as early as 3200–3000 BCE, with commodity-specific counting representation systems. Balanced accounting was in use by 3000–2350 BCE, and a [[sexagesimal number system]] was in use 2350–2000 BCE.</ref> Kugwiriskira ncito [[ndodo zakuŵerengera]] nchiyelezgero cimoza. [[File:Abacus 6.png|thumb|upright=1.15|left|The Chinese [[suanpan]] ({{lang|zh|算盘}}). The number represented on this [[abacus]] is 6,302,715,408.]] Pakwamba ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito [[abacus]] pa ntchito za masamu. [[Abacus wa Ŵaroma]] wakapangika kufuma ku vipangizo ivyo vikagwiliskirikanga nchito ku [[Babuloni]] kufuma waka mu 2400 B.C.E. Kufuma nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵali kupanga mitundu yinyake yinandi ya matabwa panji matebulo ghakuŵerengera. Mu nyengo ya ŵamitundu ŵa ku Europe [[nyumba yakupenda ndalama]], ŵakaŵikanga pa thebulu salu yakupangika na vithuzithuzi, ndipo vimanyikwiro vikazungulirazungulira pa thebulu ilo mwakuyana na malango ghanyake, nga ni wovwiri pakupenda ndalama.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Flegg, Graham. |title=Numbers through the ages |date=1989 |publisher=Macmillan Education|isbn=0-333-49130-0|location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |language=en-US |oclc=24660570}}</ref> [[File:Antikythera Fragment A (Front).webp|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Nthowa ya Antikythera]], iyo yikapangika mu [[Grisi wakale]] pafupifupi mu 200–80 B.C.E., ni chipangizo chakwambilira [[chakupangira mamrangura ghakuyana waka]].] Ŵakugomezga kuti [[Nthowa ya Antikythera]] ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba chomene [[mrangura ya analog]], kuyana na [[Derek J. de Solla Price]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080428070448/http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html ''The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428070448/http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html |date=28 April 2008 }}, The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved 1 July 2007.</ref> Likapangika kuti liŵerengerenge malo agho ŵasayansi ŵa mu mlengalenga ŵali. Likasangika mu 1901 mu [[chikepe cha Antikythera]] pafupi na chirwa cha [[Antikythera]] ku Greece, pakati pa [[Kythera]] na [[Krete]], ndipo ŵakuti likasangika pafupifupi mu 1900. {{circa|100 BCE}}. Vipangizo vyakuyana waka na vya Antikythera vikawonekangaso yayi m’paka mu vilimika vya m’ma 1400.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marchant |first=Jo |date=1 November 2006 |title=In search of lost time |journal=Nature |volume=444 |issue=7119 |pages=534–538 |doi=10.1038/444534a |pmid=17136067 |bibcode=2006Natur.444..534M |s2cid=4305761 |doi-access=free | issn = 0028-0836}}</ref> Vinthu vinandi vyakovwira pa kupenda na kupima vinthu vikapangika kuti vigwiriskike nchito pa kusanda vyakuthambo na pa kwenda pa nyanja. [[Chati cha nyenyezi]] chikaŵa [[tchati cha nyenyezi]] icho chikapangika na [[Al-Biruni|Abu Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]] kukwambilira kwa vilimika vya m’ma 1000.<ref name="Wiet">G. Wiet, V. Elisseeff, P. Wolff, J. Naudu (1975). ''History of Mankind, Vol 3: The Great medieval Civilisations'', p. 649. George Allen & Unwin Limited, [[UNESCO]].</ref> Chinthu cha Astrolabe chikapangika mu charu cha Ŵagiriki mu vilimika vya m’ma 100 panji 200 B.C.E. Kusazgapo kwa planisphere na dioptra, astrolabe yikaŵa nadi mrangura ya analog iyo yingakwaniska kugwiliskira nchito mitundu yakupambanapambana ya masuzgo mu vyakuthambo vyakuzungulira. Astrolabe iyo yikusazgapo mrangura ya kalendara<ref>Fuat Sezgin. "Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science (at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University", Frankfurt, Germany), Frankfurt Book Fair 2004, pp.&nbsp;35 & 38.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=François |last=Charette |title=Archaeology: High tech from Ancient Greece |journal=Nature |volume=444 |issue=7119 |pages=551–552 |year=2006 |doi=10.1038/444551a|pmid=17136077 |bibcode=2006Natur.444..551C |s2cid=33513516 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ndipo matayala gha magiya ghakapangika na Abi Bakr wa ku Isfahan, Peresiya mu 1235.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Silvio A.|last1=Bedini|first2=Francis R.|last2=Maddison|year=1966|title=Mechanical Universe: The Astrarium of Giovanni de' Dondi|journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society|volume=56|issue=5|pages=1–69|jstor=1006002|doi=10.2307/1006002}}</ref> Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī wakapanga kalendara yakwamba ya nyenyezi,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Derek de S.|last=Price|author-link=Derek J. de Solla Price|year=1984|title=A History of Calculating Machines|url=https://archive.org/details/ieee-micro_1984-02_4_1/page/22|journal=IEEE Micro|volume=4|number=1|pages=22–52|doi=10.1109/MM.1984.291305}}</ref> makina ghakale ghakukhazikika ghakupanga umanyi<ref name=Oren>{{cite journal|first=Tuncer|last=Őren|author-link=Tuncer Őren|year=2001|title=Advances in Computer and Information Sciences: From Abacus to Holonic Agents|url=http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~oren/pubs/pubs-2001-02-Tubitak.pdf|journal=Turk J Elec Engin|volume=9|number=1|pages=63–70|access-date=21 April 2016|archive-date=15 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915033859/http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~oren/pubs/pubs-2001-02-Tubitak.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> na sitima ya magiya na matayala ya magiya,<ref>[[Donald Routledge Hill]] (1985). "Al-Biruni's mechanical calendar", ''Annals of Science'' '''42''', pp.&nbsp;139–163.</ref> {{circa|1000 AD}}. Chigaŵa ichi, chipangizo chakuŵerengera icho chikugwiriskirika nchito pa kumazga masuzgo mu chiŵelengero, trigonometry, kuchulukizga na kugaŵa, ndiposo pa milimo yakupambanapambana, nga ni makwerero na mizu ya cube, chikapangika kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m’ma 1500 ndipo chikasangika kuti chikugwiliskirika ntchito pa kupanga mfuti, kupenda na kulongozga pa nyanja. Planimeter yikaŵa chipangizo cha mawoko chakupenda malo gha chithuzithuzi chakujalika mwa kuchilembapo na chinthu chakukolerana. [[File:Sliderule 2005.png|thumb|upright=1.25|left|A [[slide rule]]]] Rulala la slide likapangika pafupifupi 1620–1630, na msambizgi wa Chingelezi William Oughtred, nyengo yichoko waka kufuma apo fundo ya logarithm yikasindikizgikira. Ni mrangura ya analog iyo yikugwiliskirika ntchito na mawoko kuti yichitenge kuchulukizga na kugaŵa. Apo malango gha slide ghakalutanga panthazi, masikelo ghakusazgikira ghakapereka vimanyikwiro vyakuyana waka, makwerero na mizu ya makwerero, ma cube na mizu ya ma cube, ndiposo milimo yakujumpha nga ni logarithms na exponentials, circular na hyperbolic trigonometry na milimo yinyake. Malango ghakulongora vithuzithuzi agho ghali na masikelo ghapadera ghachali kugwiliskirika ntchito kuti ŵachitenge mwaluŵiro mawerengero gha nyengo zose, nga ni dango la E6B lakuzungulira ilo likugwiriskirika nchito pa nyengo na mtunda . calculations on light aircraft. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1770, Pierre Jaquet-Droz, uyo wakapanga mawotchi ku Switzerland, wakapanga chidole cha makina (automaton) icho chingalemba uku chikukora bolopointi ya quill. Pakusintha nambara na ndondomeko ya matayala ghake gha mukati, vilembo vyakupambanapambana, ndipo ntheura uthenga wakupambanapambana, ungapangika. Mukuyowoya mwakudumura, yingaŵa "yakupangika" kuti yiŵerenge malango. Pamoza na makina ghanyake ghaŵiri ghakusuzga, chidole ichi chili ku Nyumba Yakusungiramo Vinthu vya Kale ya ku Neuchâtel, ku Switzerland, ndipo chikugwira ntchito m’paka sono.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=The Writer Automaton, Switzerland |url=http://www.chonday.com/Videos/the-writer-automaton |publisher=chonday.com |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=20 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220154407/http://www.chonday.com/Videos/the-writer-automaton }}</ref> Mu 1831–1835, nkhwantha ya masamu na injiniya [[Giovanni Plana]] wakapanga [[Cappella dei Mercanti (Turin)#Perpetual calendar|Perpetual Calendar machine]], iyo kwizira mu ndondomeko ya mapulley na masilinda yikamanyiska [[perpetual calendar]] ya chaka chilichose kufuma mu 0 CE (ndiko kuti, 1 BCE) m'paka 4000 CE, kusunga utali wa vyaka vyakujumphapo na vyakupambanapambana vya zuŵa. [[tide-predicting machine]] iyo yikapangika na wasayansi wa ku Scotland [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Sir William Thomson]] mu 1872 yikaŵa yakovwira chomene pa kwenda mu maji ghambura kunyang'amira. Likagwiliskiranga ntchito ndondomeko ya mapulley na mawaya kuti liŵerengerenge yekha unandi wa maji agho ghakuyowoyeka kuti ghazamuŵapo pa nyengo yinyake pa malo ghanyake. [[differential analyser]], mrangura ya makina ya analog iyo yikapangika kuti yimazge [[differential equation]]s na [[integral|integration]], yikagwiliskira nchito nthowa za matayala na diski kuti yiphatikizge vinthu ivi. Mu 1876, Sir William Thomson wakadumbiskana kale za umo vingaŵira vyakuzenga vyakuŵerengera vyanthena ivi, kweni wakatondeka na nkhongono yichoko yakufumiramo ya [[ball-and-disk integrator]]s.<ref name="scientific-computing.com">Ray Girvan, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094710/http://www.scientific-computing.com/scwmayjun03computingmachines.html "The revealed grace of the mechanism: computing after Babbage"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094710/http://www.scientific-computing.com/scwmayjun03computingmachines.html|date=3 November 2012}}, ''Scientific Computing World'', May/June 2003.</ref> Mu chipangizo chakuwonera vyakupambana, ivyo vikafumanga ku integrator yimoza vikapangiskanga kuti integrator yakulondezgapo yinjiremo, panji kuti graphing output. [[torque amplifier]] ndiyo yikaŵa nthowa iyo yikapangiska kuti makina agha ghagwirenge ntchito. Kufuma mu 1920s, [[Vannevar Bush]] na ŵanyake ŵakapanga makina ghakuwonera mphambano. Mu 1890s, injiniya wa ku Spain [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]] wakamba kupanga mndandanda wa [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo#Analogue calculating machines|analog machines]] wakupambanapambana uwo ungamazga misisi yeneco na yakusuzga ya [[polynomial]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Torres |first=Leonardo |author-link=Leonardo Torres Quevedo |date=1895-10-10 |title=Memória sobre las Máquinas Algébricas |url=https://quickclick.es/rop/pdf/publico/1895/1895_tomoI_28_01.pdf |journal=Revista de Obras Públicas |language=es |issue=28 |pages=217–222}}</ref><ref name="MaquinasAlgebricasLTQ">Leonardo Torres. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Eo0NAQAAIAAJ Memoria sobre las máquinas algébricas: con un informe de la Real academia de ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales]'', Misericordia, 1895.</ref><ref name="Thomas2008">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Federico |date=2008-08-01 |title=A short account on Leonardo Torres' endless spindle |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094114X07001231 |journal=[[Mechanism and Machine Theory]] |publisher=[[International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science|IFToMM]] |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1055–1063 |doi=10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2007.07.003 |issn=0094-114X|hdl=10261/30460 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Gomez-JaureguiGutierrez-GarciaGonzález-RedondoIglesiasManchadoOtero2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Gomez-Jauregui |first1=Valentin |last2=Gutierrez-Garcia |first2=Andres |last3=González-Redondo |first3=Francisco A. |last4=Iglesias |first4=Miguel |last5=Manchado |first5=Cristina |last6=Otero |first6=Cesar |date=2022-06-01 |title=Torres Quevedo's mechanical calculator for second-degree equations with complex coefficients|journal=[[Mechanism and Machine Theory]] |publisher=[[International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science|IFToMM]] |volume=172 |issue=8|page=104830 |doi=10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.104830|s2cid=247503677 |doi-access=free |hdl=10902/24391 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> iyo yikasindikizgika mu 1901 na [[French Academy of Sciences|Paris Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite journal|date=1901|first=Leonardo|language=fr|last=Torres Quevedo|publisher=Impr. nationale (París)|title=Machines á calculer|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k840139b?rk=21459;2 |journal=Mémoires Présentés par Divers Savants à l'Académie des Scienes de l'Institut de France |volume=XXXII}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> === mrangura yakwamba === [[File:Charles Babbage. Wood engraving, 1871. Wellcome V0000259.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Charles Babbage]] {{multiple image |direction = vertical |footer = |align = right |image1 = Difference engine plate 1853.jpg |caption1 = A diagram of a portion of Babbage's [[Difference engine]] |image2 = Differenceengine.jpg|width=165 |caption2 = The Difference Engine Number 2 at the [[Intellectual Ventures]] laboratory in Seattle }} [[Charles Babbage]], injiniya wa makina wa ku England ndipo [[polymath]], ndiyo wakambiska fundo yakuti paŵe mrangura iyo yingaŵikika mu mapulogiramu. Kuwona kuti "[[computer pioneer|father of the computer]]",<ref>{{cite book |author=Halacy, Daniel Stephen |title=Charles Babbage, Father of the Computer |url=https://archive.org/details/charlesbabbagefa00hala |url-access=registration |year=1970 |publisher=Crowell-Collier Press |isbn=978-0-02-741370-0 }}</ref> iyo wakaghanaghana na kupanga [[mechanical computer]] wakwamba mu vilimika vya m'ma 19th century. Pamanyuma pakugwira ntchito pa [[difference engine]] yake wakapharazga ivyo wakapanga mu 1822, mu pepala ilo wakalemba ku [[Royal Astronomical Society]], ilo likaŵa na mutu wakuti "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=John J. |last2=Robertson |first2=Edmund F. |author-link2=Edmund F. Robertson |date=1998 |url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html |title=Charles Babbage |work=MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland |access-date=2006-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616002258/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html |archive-date=2006-06-16 }}</ref> Kuŵika mapulogalamu na data kukaŵa kuti kupelekeka ku makina kwizira mu [[punched card]]s, nthowa iyo yikagwiriskirika ncito pa nyengo iyo kuti yilongozge [[loom]]s ya makina nga ni [[Jacquard loom]]. Kuti yifumemo, makina ghaŵenge na [[Printer (computing)|printer]], curve plotter na belu. Makina agha ghakaŵangaso na mazaza ghakulemba manambara pa makadi kuti ŵaŵazgenge pamanyuma. Injini iyi yizamuŵa na [[arithmetic logic unit]], [[control flow]] mu kawonekero ka [[conditional branching]] na [[program loop#Loops|loops]], ndiposo [[computer memory|memory]] yakusazgako, ndipo yizamuŵa yakwamba kupanga mrangura yakugwiriskira ncito vinthu vyose iyo yingalongosoreka mu mazgu gha mazuŵa ghano kuti [[Turing-complete]].<ref name="babbageonline">{{cite web |date=19 January 2007 |title=Babbage |url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/stories/babbage.aspx?page=5 |access-date=1 August 2012 |work=Online stuff |publisher=Science Museum |archive-date=7 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807185334/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/stories/babbage.aspx?page=5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Graham-Cumming |first=John |date=23 December 2010 |title=Let's build Babbage's ultimate mechanical computer |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827915.500-lets-build-babbages-ultimate-mechanical-computer.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2012 |work=opinion |publisher=New Scientist |language=en-US |archive-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805050111/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827915.500-lets-build-babbages-ultimate-mechanical-computer.html }}</ref> . Makina agha ghakaŵa pafupifupi vyaka zana limoza pambere nyengo yake yindakwane. Vigaŵa vyose vya makina ghake vikakhumbikwiranga kupangika na mawoko – ili likaŵa suzgo likuru ku chipangizo icho chikaŵa na vigaŵa vikwi vinandi. Paumaliro, ntchito iyi yikamara apo ŵa [[British Government]] ŵakadumura kuti ŵaleke kupeleka ndalama. Kutondeka kwa Babbage kumalizga injini yakusanda vinthu kungacitika comene cifukwa ca masuzgo gha ndyali na gha ndalama ndiposo cifukwa cakuti wakakhumbanga kupanga mrangura iyo yikaŵa yakunozga comene ndiposo kuti walutilire kwenda mwaluŵiro kuluska umo munthu waliyose wangacitira. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, mwana wake, [[Henry Babbage]], wakamalizga mtundu wakupepuka wa injini yakusanda ('' mphero'') mu 1888. Wakalongora makora umo yikugwiriskikira nchito pa matebulo gha mrangura mu 1906. === Makina ghakuŵerengera gha magesi === [[File:Aritmómetro_Electromecánico.jpg|thumb|left|Electro-mechanical calculator (1920) by [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]].]] Mu buku lake lakuti ''Essays on Automatics'' ilo likalembeka mu 1914, [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]] wakalemba mbiri yichoko waka ya umo Babbage wakayezgera kupanga injini yakupambana ya makina na injini yakusanda. Pepala ili lili na ndondomeko ya makina agho ghangapenda mafomula nga ni <math>a^x(y - z)^2</math>, gha ndondomeko ya vigaŵa vyakuzirwa. Makina ghose ghakeneranga kulaŵilirika na [[Read-only memory|read-only]] program, agho ghakaŵa ghakukwana na vyakukhumbikwa vya [[conditional branching]]. Wakambiskaso fundo yakuti [[floating-point arithmetic]].<ref name="LTQ1914es">L. Torres Quevedo. ''Ensayos sobre Automática – Su definicion. Extension teórica de sus aplicaciones,'' Revista de la Academia de Ciencias Exacta, Revista 12, pp. 391–418, 1914.</ref><ref>Torres Quevedo, Leonardo. [https://quickclick.es/rop/pdf/publico/1914/1914_tomoI_2043_01.pdf Automática: Complemento de la Teoría de las Máquinas, (pdf)], pp. 575–583, Revista de Obras Públicas, 19 November 1914.</ref><ref>Ronald T. Kneusel. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=eq4ZDgAAQBAJ&dq=leonardo+torres+quevedo++electromechanical+machine+essays&pg=PA84 Numbers and Computers],'' Springer, pp. 84–85, 2017. {{ISBN|978-3-319-50508-4}}</ref> Mu 1920, kuti ŵakondwelere vyaka 100 vya kupangika kwa [[arithmometer]], Torriro the Elect a . [[Keyboard layout|keyboard]], ndipo wakapenda na kusindikizga ivyo vikasangika,{{Sfn|Randell|1982|p=6, 11–13}}<ref name="Randell1982p109">B. Randell. ''Electromechanical Calculating Machine,'' The Origins of Digital Computers, pp.109–120, 1982.</ref>{{sfn|Bromley|1990}}<ref>Cristopher Moore, Stephan Mertens. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=z4zMiZyAE1kC&dq=leonardo+torres+quevedo+++computing&pg=PA291 The Nature of Computation],'' Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, p. 291, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-199-23321-2}}.</ref> kulongora kuti injini yakusanda vya magesi yingachitika.<ref>Randell, Brian. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1074100.1074334 Digital Computers, History of Origins, (pdf)], p. 545, Digital Computers: Origins, Encyclopedia of Computer Science, January 2003.</ref> === Analog computers === {{Main|mrangura ya Analog}} [[File:099-tpm3-sk.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|[[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Sir William Thomson]]'s third tide-predicting machine design, 1879–81]] Mu hafu yakwamba ya vilimika vya m’ma 1900, vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵasayansi ŵakakhumbikwiranga pakupanga mamrangura vikafiskika na mamrangura gha analog agho ghakaŵa ghakunozga comene, agho ghakagwiliskiranga nchito ciyerezgero cakudunjika ca suzgo ilo likaŵapo pa nkhani ya makina panji magesi nga ni fundo yakucitira mamrangura. Ndipouli, vinthu ivi vikaŵa vyambura kupangika ndipo kanandi vikaŵavya vinthu vinandi ndiposo vikaŵanga vyambura kwenelera nga ni mamrangura gha mazuŵa ghano gha digito.<ref name="stanf">{{cite book |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/ |title=The Modern History of Computing |publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2017 |language=en-US |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-date=12 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712072148/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> mrangura yakwamba ya mazuŵa ghano ya analog yikaŵa makina ghakumanyirathu umo maji ghakuŵira, agho ghakapangika na Sir William Thomson (uyo pamanyuma wakazgoka Lord Kelvin) mu 1872. mrangura ya analog ya makina iyo yikapangika kuti yimazge ma equation ghakupambanapambana mwa kuphatikizga vinthu mwakugwiliskira nchito nthowa za matayala na diski, yikapangika na James brotherom the more the Thmo8. Fumu William Thomson.<ref name="scientific-computing.com" /> Luso la kupanga mamrangura gha analog likafika pa msinkhu wake na chipangizo chakuwonera mphambano, icho chikapangika na H. L. Hazen na Vannevar Bush ku MIT kwamba mu 1927. Ici cikazengeka pa vipangizo vyakusazgako makina vya James Thomson na vipangizo vyakukhozga nkhongono ivyo vikapangika na H. W. Nieman. Vipangizo ivi khumi na viŵiri vikapangika pambere vindawoneke kuti vyamara nchito.[citation needed] Mu vilimika vya m’ma 1950, kupambana kwa mamrangura gha magesi gha digito kukapangiska kuti makina ghanandi ghakupangika na analog ghaleke kuŵapo, kweni mamrangura gha analog ghakalutilira kugwiliskirika nchito mu vilimika vya m’ma 1950 mu vinthu vinyake vyapadera nga ni masambiro (slide rule) na ndege (control systems) ..{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} === Mamrangura gha digito === ==== Magesi-Makina ==== Claude Shannon's 1937 master's thesis wakaŵika fawundeshoni ya mamrangura gha digito, ndipo kumanya kwake kwakugwiriskira ncito algebra ya Boolean pakusanda na kupanga ma circuit ghakusinthasintha ndiyo fundo yakuzirwa iyo yikupangiska mamrangura ghose gha digito gha digito.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=081H96F1enMC |title=A Brief History of Computing |date=2008 |publisher=Springer London |isbn=978-1-84800-083-4 |editor-last=O’Regan |editor-first=Gerard |location=London |pages=28 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-84800-084-1}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tse |first=David |author-link=David Tse |date=2020-12-22 |title=How Claude Shannon Invented the Future |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-claude-shannons-information-theory-invented-the-future-20201222/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Quanta Magazine}}</ref> Mu 1938, ŵasilikari ŵa pa nyanja ŵa ku United States ŵakapanga mrangura ya analog ya magesi iyo yikaŵa yichoko chomene mwakuti ŵangagwiliskira ntchito pa boti la pasi pa maji. Iyi yikaŵa mrangura ya Torpedo Data, iyo yikagwiliskiranga ntchito trigonometry kuti yimazge suzgo la kuponya torpedo pa chinthu icho chikwenda. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, ŵakapangaso vipangizo vyanthena ivi mu vyaru vinyake.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} [[File:Z3 Deutsches Museum.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Replica of [[Konrad Zuse]]'s [[Z3 (computer)|Z3]], the first fully automatic, digital (electromechanical) computer]] Mamrangura ghakwambilira gha digito ghakaŵa gha magesi; masiwichi gha magesi ghakayendeskanga ma relay gha makina kuti ghachitenge chiŵelengero. Vipangizo ivi vikagwiranga nchito mwaluŵiro yayi ndipo paumaliro pake vikanjilirapo na mamrangura gha magesi ghose agho ghakaŵa ghaluŵiro comene, ndipo pakwamba ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito machubu gha vacuum. Z2, iyo yikapangika na injiniya wa ku [[Germany]] Konrad Zuse mu 1939 ku Berlin, yikaŵa yimoza mwa viyelezgero vyakwamba vya mrangura yakutumizga magesi.<ref name="Part 4 Zuse">{{cite web|url=http://www.epemag.com/zuse/part4a.htm|title=Part 4: Konrad Zuse's Z1 and Z3 Computers|last=Zuse|first=Horst|work=The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse|publisher=EPE Online|access-date=17 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210541/http://www.epemag.com/zuse/part4a.htm |archive-date=1 June 2008}}</ref> [[File:Konrad Zuse (1992).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.6|[[Konrad Zuse]], inventor of the modern computer<ref name="Bellis">{{cite web |last=Bellis |first=Mary |date=15 May 2019 |orig-date=First published 2006 at inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm |title=Biography of Konrad Zuse, Inventor and Programmer of Early Computers |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/konrad-zuse-modern-computer-4078237 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213003237/https://www.thoughtco.com/konrad-zuse-modern-computer-4078237 |archive-date=13 December 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=thoughtco.com |publisher=Dotdash Meredith |quote=Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of 'inventor of the modern computer'{{who|date=February 2023}}.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001335.htm|title=Who is the Father of the Computer?|website=ComputerHope}}</ref>]] Mu 1941, Zuse wakalondezga makina ghake ghakale na Z3, mrangura yakwamba pa caru cose iyo yikugwira nchito na mapulogiramu gha magesi, ndiposo iyo yikugwira nchito yekha. Z3 yikapangika na 2000 relays, kukhazikiska utali wa mazgu gha 22 bit agho ghakagwiranga ntchito pa wotchi pafupipafupi pafupifupi 5-10 Hz. Khodi ya pulogiramu yikapelekekanga pa filimu yakukhoma apo data yikasungikanga mu mazgu 64 ghakukumbukika panji kupelekeka kufuma pa kiyibodi. Wakaŵa wakuyana waka na makina gha mazuŵa ghano mu vigaŵa vinyake, ndipo wakambiska vinthu vinandi nga ni manambara ghakuyandama. Mmalo mwa kugwiriskira ncito nthowa ya decimal iyo yikaŵa yakusuzga comene (iyo yikagwiriskirika ncito mu kapangilo kakwamba ka Charles Babbage), kugwiriskira ncito nthowa ya binary kukang’anamuranga kuti makina gha Zuse ghakaŵa ghambura kusuzga kupanga ndiposo ghangaŵa ghakugomezgeka comene, cifukwa ca tekinoloje iyo yikaŵapo pa nyengo iyo. Z3 iyo yekha yikaŵa mrangura ya pa caru cose yayi kweni yingasazgikirapo kuti yiŵe yakukwana ya Turing.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zuse|first=Konrad|author-link=Konrad Zuse|title=The Computer – My Life ''Translated by McKenna, Patricia and Ross, J. Andrew from:'' Der Computer, mein Lebenswerk (1984)|place=Berlin/Heidelberg|publisher=Springer-Verlag|orig-date=1984|year=2010|language=en|isbn=978-3-642-08151-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Salz Trautman |first=Peggy |date=20 April 1994 |title=A Computer Pioneer Rediscovered, 50 Years On |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/20/news/20iht-zuse.html |access-date=15 February 2017 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104051054/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/20/news/20iht-zuse.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Zuse|first=Konrad|author-link=Konrad Zuse|title=Der Computer. Mein Lebenswerk.|edition=3rd|year=1993|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Berlin|language=de|isbn=978-3-540-56292-4|page=55}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://goremotesupport.com/blog/crash-the-story-of-it-zuse|title=Crash! The Story of IT: Zuse|access-date=1 June 2016|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918203643/https://goremotesupport.com/blog/crash-the-story-of-it-zuse/|archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="rojas-ieee">{{cite journal|last=Rojas |first=R. |s2cid=14606587 |title=How to make Zuse's Z3 a universal computer |url=https://archive.org/details/ieee-annals-of-the-history-of-computing_july-september-1998_20_3/page/51 |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=51–54 |year=1998 |doi=10.1109/85.707574 |author-link=Raúl Rojas}}</ref><ref name="rojas-universal">{{cite web |last=Rojas |first=Raúl |title=How to Make Zuse's Z3 a Universal Computer |url=http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/users/rojas/1997/Universal_Computer.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2015-09-28 |website=fu-berlin.de |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809123935/http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/users/rojas/1997/Universal_Computer.pdf }}</ref> mrangura yakulondezgapo ya Zuse, Z4, yikaŵa mrangura yakwamba ya malonda pa caru cose; panyuma pa kuchedwa kwakwamba chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, yikamalizgika mu 1950 na kupelekeka ku ETH Zurich. mrangura iyi yikapangika na kampani ya Zuse, Zuse KG, iyo yikakhazikiskika mu 1941 nga ni kampani yakwamba iyo yikaŵa na chilato chimoza pera cha kupanga mamrangura ku Berlin. Z4 ndiyo yikapangiska kuti ŵazenge mrangura ya ERMETH, iyo yikaŵa mrangura yakwamba ya ku Switzerland ndiposo yimoza mwa mrangura zakwamba ku [[Europe]].<ref name="OReganZuse">{{Cite book |last=O'Regan |first=Gerard |title=A Brief History of Computing |publisher=Springer Nature |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-030-66599-9 |page=65 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="OReganZuse" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruderer |first=Herbert |title=Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing |publisher=Springer |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-03040973-9 |edition=3rd |pages=1009, 1087}}</ref> ==== Machubu ghakufumiskikamo mphepo na vipata vya magesi vya dijito ==== {{Anchor|Digital computer|Digital}} Mwaluŵiro waka vinthu vyakukhwaskana na magesi pera vikanjira mu malo gha vinthu vyakuyana waka vya makina na vya magesi, pa nyengo yeneyiyo apo kupenda kwa digito kukanjira mu malo gha analog. Injiniya Tommy Flowers, uyo wakagwiranga nchito ku Post Office Research Station ku London mu vilimika vya m’ma 1930, wakamba kufufuza umo ŵangagwiliskira nchito vinthu vya magesi pakusinthana foni. Vipangizo vyakuyezga ivyo wakapanga mu 1934 vikamba kugwira ntchito pamanyuma pa vyaka vinkhondi, ndipo vikasintha chigaŵa chinyake cha foni kuti chiŵe chipangizo cha magesi chakupangira data, mwakugwiliskira ntchito vikwi vinandi vya machubu ghambura mphepo.[1] Ku US, John Vincent Atanasoff na Clifford E. Berry ŵa ku Iowa State University ŵakapanga na kuyezga mrangura ya Atanasoff-Berry (ABC) mu 1942, [2] "mrangura yakwamba ya digito ya magesi".[3] Nthowa iyi yikaŵaso ya magesi ndipo yikagwiliskiranga ntchito machubu pafupifupi 300 gha vacuum, ndipo ma capacitor ghakaŵikika mu ng’oma yakuzungulira mwamakina kuti munthu wakumbukenge vinthu.<ref name=Copeland2006>{{Cite book|last=Copeland|first=Jack|year=2006|title=Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers|url=https://archive.org/details/colossussecretso0000unse|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/colossussecretso0000unse/page/101 101]–115|isbn=978-0-19-284055-4}}</ref> [[File:Colossus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Colossus computer|Colossus]], the first [[Digital electronics|electronic digital]] programmable computing device, was used to break German ciphers during World War II. It is seen here in use at [[Bletchley Park]] in 1943.|alt=Two women are seen by the Colossus computer.]] Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yaciŵiri ya Caru Cose, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain awo ŵakaswa makodi ku Bletchley Park ŵakacita makora comene pakuswa makodi gha ŵasilikari ŵa Germany agho ghakaŵa ghakubisika. Makina ghakubisika gha ku Germany, Enigma, ghakawukirika chomene na wovwiri wa mabomba gha magesi agho kanandi ghakaŵanga na ŵanakazi.[1][2] Kuti ŵaphwanye makina ghakumanyikwa chomene gha ku Germany gha Lorenz SZ 40/42, agho ghakugwiriskira ntchito pa kuyowoyeskana na ŵasilikari ŵapachanya, Max Newman na ŵanyake ŵakatuma Flowers kuti wazenge Colossus.[3] Wakakhala myezi khumi na yimoza kufuma kukwambilira kwa February 1943 wakupanga na kuzenga Colossus wakwamba.[4] Pamanyuma pa kuyezgeka kwakugwira ntchito mu Disembala 1943, Colossus wakatumizgika ku Bletchley Park, uko wakapelekeka pa 18 Januwale 1944[5] ndipo wakawukira uthenga wake wakwamba pa 5 Febuluwale.[3] Colossus ndiyo yikaŵa mrangura yakwamba pa charu chose iyo yikaŵa na mapulogiramu gha pa mrangura.[6] Wakagwiliskiranga ntchito mavavu ghanandi (machubu gha vacuum). Likaŵa na pepala-tepi ndipo likaŵa lakukwaniska kukhazikiska kuti lichitenge milimo yakupambanapambana ya boolean logical pa data yake, kweni likaŵa la Turing-complete yayi. Mk II Colossi 9 ŵakazengeka (Mk I wakasinthika kuŵa Mk II kupanga makina khumi ghose pamoza). Colossus Mark I yikaŵa na mavavu gha thermionic (machubhu) 1,500, kweni Mark II iyo yikaŵa na mavavu 2,400, yikaŵa ya luwiro kaŵiri ndiposo yikaŵa yipusu kugwiliskira nchito kuluska Mark I, ndipo yikapangiska kuti nchito ya kufumiska mazgu yiŵe ya luwiro comene.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Randell|first1=Brian|author-link1=Brian Randell|last2=Fensom|first2=Harry|last3=Milne|first3=Frank A.|title=Obituary: Allen Coombs|newspaper=The Independent|date=15 March 1995|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-allen-coombs-1611270.html|access-date=18 October 2012|archive-date=3 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203042657/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-allen-coombs-1611270.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fensom|first=Jim|title=Harry Fensom obituary|date=8 November 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2010/nov/08/harry-fensom-obituary|access-date=17 October 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917220225/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2010/nov/08/harry-fensom-obituary|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Eniac.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|left|[[ENIAC]] was the first [[Electronics|electronic]], Turing-complete device, and performed ballistics trajectory calculations for the [[United States Army]].]] ENIAC[1] (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) ndiyo yikaŵa mrangura yakwamba iyo yikapangika ku U.S. Nangauli ENIAC yikaŵa yakuyana waka na Colossus, kweni yikaŵa ya luwiro chomene, yikaŵa yakusinthasintha, ndipo yikaŵa yakukwana nga ni Turing. Nga ni Colossus, "pulogiramu" pa ENIAC yikalongosoreka na maboma gha makhebo ghake gha patch na masiwichi, kulira kutali chomene na makina gha magesi gha pulogiramu yakusungika agho ghakiza pamanyuma. Para ŵalemba pulogiramu, ŵakeneranga kuyiŵika mu makina na kuŵikaso mapulagi na masiwichi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakapanga pulogiramu ya ENIAC ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi 6, awo kanandi ŵakamanyikwanga kuti "ŵasungwana ŵa ENIAC".[58][59] Likasazgako luŵiro lwa vinthu vya magesi na luso lwa kuŵika mapulogiramu gha masuzgo ghanandi ghakuru. Iwo ungasazgirako panji kuwuskapo maulendo 5000 pa sekondi, mwaluŵiro maulendo chikwi kuluska makina ghanyake ghose. Kweniso likaŵa na vigaŵa vyakusazga, kugaŵa, na square root. Kukumbukira kwa liwiro likuru kukaŵa kwa mazgu 20 (pafupifupi 80 bytes). ENIAC yikazengeka pasi pa ulongozgi wa John Mauchly na J. Presper Eckert ku yunivesite ya [[Pennsylvania]], ndipo yikapangika na kuzenga ENIAC kufuma mu 1943 m’paka apo yikamba kugwira ntchito mwakukwana kuumaliro wa 1945. Makina agha ghakaŵa ghakuru chomene, ghakaŵa na uzito wa matani 30, ndipo ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito magesi ghakukwana 200 makilowati, na magesi ghakujumpha 200. 1,500 vyakupelekera, na vikwi vinandi vyakukhozga, vyakukhozga, na vyakukhozga.<ref name="Eniac">{{cite web|url=http://www.techiwarehouse.com/engine/a046ee08/Generations-of-Computer|title=Generations of Computer|publisher=techiwarehouse.com|access-date=7 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702211455/http://www.techiwarehouse.com/engine/a046ee08/Generations-of-Computer/|archive-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> == Mamrangura gha mazuŵa ghano == === Fundo ya mrangura ya mazuŵa ghano === Mamrangura gha mazuŵa ghano ni vipangizo vya magesi ivyo vikugwira ntchito pa data mwakugwiliskira ntchito mapulogiramu agho ghali kusungika, vikuchita mawerengero na kuchita milimo mwaŵene. === Mapulogalamu ghakusungika === mrangura iyo yili na pulogiramu yakusungika yikusunga malango mu memory, ndipo yikovwira kuti munthu waŵe na mapulogiramu ghakusinthasintha na kugwiliskira ntchito kanandi waka. === Ma transistor === Ma transistor ghakanjira mu malo gha machubu gha vacuum, ndipo ghakapangiska kuti mamrangura ghaŵe ghachoko, ghaluŵiro, ndiposo ghakugomezgeka. === Ma circuit ghakuphatikizgika === Ma circuit ghakusazgako (IC) ghakapangiska kuti ma transistor na vinyake viŵe vichoko, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe mapulogalamu gha mazuŵa ghano ghachokoghachoko. === Mamrangura gha pa foni === Vipangizo vyakunyamulika nga ni malaputopu, matabuleti, na mafoni ghamakono vikupangiska kuti munthu waŵe na mrangura paulendo. === Mitundu === ==== Mwakupanga ==== * Von Neumann wakuzenga nyumba * Kuzenga nyumba ku Harvard * Mamrangura gha Quantum ==== Mwakukura, kawonekero na chilato ==== * Mamrangura ghakurughakuru * Mafuremu ghakuru * Mamrangura gha munthu payekha * Nthowa zakuŵikika == Vipangizo == === Mbiri ya vipangizo vya mrangura === Kulondezga kusintha kwa vinthu kufuma ku ma calculator gha makina m’paka ku ma microprocessor gha mazuŵa ghano. === Mitu yinyake ya hardware === * '''Vipangizo vyakunjilirapo''': Kiyibodi, mbeŵa, sikirini yakukhwaska * '''Vipangizo vyakufumiskamo''': Monitor, printer, ma speaker * '''Chigaŵa cha kulaŵilira''': Kulaŵilira ntchito za CPU * '''Chigaŵa chapakati chakupangira vinthu (CPU)''': Chikuchita malango * '''Masamu ghakumanyikwa makora (ALU)''': Wakuchita mawerengero * '''"Kukumbukira"''': RAM, ROM, kusunga * '''Kunjilirapo/kufumamo (I/O)''': Kudumbiskana pakati pa mrangura na vipangizo vinyake * '''Kuchita vinthu vinandi''': Kuchita mapulogalamu ghanandi pa nyengo yimoza * '''Kupanga vinthu vinandi''': Kugwiliskira ntchito ma CPU ghanandi pakupanga vinthu mwakuyana == Mapulogalamu == === Viyowoyero === * '''Khodi ya makina''': Malango gha binary ghakuchitika na CPU * '''Chiyowoyero cha mapulogalamu''': Nthowa yakulembera mapulogalamu * '''Viyowoyero vyapasi''': Msonkhano, pafupi na khodi ya makina * '''"Viyowoyero vyapachanya"''': Python, Java, ivyo vikuŵazgika na ŵanthu === Mapulogalamu === * '''Mapulogalamu ghakusungika''': Mapulogalamu ghakusungika mu kukumbukira * '''Kapangidwe ka pulogiramu''': Kupangika, kulongozgeka na vinthu, na vinyakhe. * ''' Vipusikizgi''': Vyakubudika mu khodi ya mapulogalamu == Kupanga ma intaneti na intaneti == Ikukhwaska ndondomeko (TCP/IP), webusayiti ya pa charu chose, na mamrangura gha pa mtambo. == Mamrangura ghambura kumanyikwa == * Mamrangura gha Quantum * Mamrangura gha DNA * Nthowa zakupangika na wongo == Munthazi == === Viyelezgero vyakupanga mamrangura === * Kupanga mamrangura ghakuyana waka * Kupanga mamrangura gha pamphepete === Mahara ghakupangika === Makina ghakulongozgeka na AI na kusambira kwa makina. === Ntchito na mabungwe === * Ŵanthu awo ŵakupanga mapulogiramu gha mrangura * IEEE, ACM * Mabungwe gha vya tekinoloje (mwachiyelezgero, Google, Apple) == Wonaniso == {{Div col|colwidth=18em}} * [[Fundo ya kuŵerengera]] * [[Chitetezo cha pa mrangura]] * [[Mazgu ghakulongosora vya mrangura]] * [[Mbiri ya sayansi ya mamrangura]] * [[Mndandanda wa mazgu gha pa mrangura agho ghakufumapo]] * [[Mndandanda wa awo ŵakupanga mamrangura]] * [[Mndandanda wa mamrangura ghakupangika waka]] * [[Mndandanda wa mafilimu ghakukhwaskana na mamrangura]] * [[Mndandanda wa ŵapayiniya ŵa sayansi ya mamrangura]] * [[Mndandanda wa mamrangura]] * [[Kuŵerengera kwa pulse]] * [[TOP500]] (mndandanda wa mamrangura ghankhongono chomene) * [[Kupanga mamrangura ghambura kumanyikwa]] {{div col end}} == maNotsi == {{notelist}} == Pobeka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |first=B. 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|last=Zuse |first=Konrad |title=The Computer – My life |url= https://archive.org/details/computermylife0000zuse |year=1993 |publisher=Pringler-Verlag |location=Berlin |isbn=978-0-387-56453-1 }} {{Refend}} == External links == * {{commons category-inline|Computers}} * {{sister-inline |project=v |links=[[v:How things work college course/Computer quiz|Wikiversity has a quiz on this article]] |short=yes}} <!--========================{{No more links}}============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ======================={{No more links}}=====================--> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Basic computer components}} {{digital systems}} {{Mainframes}} {{Electronic systems}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Computers| ]] [[Category:Consumer electronics]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Articles with example code]] [[Category:Electronics industry]] ki2akfp80aa1bga8ufk5thi850npzi4 8 46239 120397 116667 2026-08-31T21:46:43Z ASarabadani (WMF) 9269 Allow thumb.wikimedia.org alongside upload.wikimedia.org ([[phab:T427465]]) 120397 javascript text/javascript /* _____________________________________________________________________________ * | | * | === WARNING: GLOBAL GADGET FILE === | * | Changes to this page affect many users. | * | Please discuss changes on the talk page or on [[WT:Gadget]] before editing. | * |_____________________________________________________________________________| * * Direct imagelinks to Commons * * @source https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Direct_imagelinks_to_Commons Revision 2026-04-16 * @author Krinkle */ if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber', 0 ) >= 0 ) { mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () { mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( function ( $content ) { var uploadBaseRe = /^(https:)?\/\/(?:upload|thumb)\.wikimedia\.org\/wikipedia\/commons/; var localFileNSString = mw.config.get( 'wgFormattedNamespaces' )['6'] + ':'; var server = '(https:)?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.config.get( 'wgServer' ) ); var localBasePath = new RegExp( '^(?:' + server + ')?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.util.getUrl( localFileNSString ) ) ); var localBaseScript = new RegExp( '^(?:' + server + ')?' + mw.util.escapeRegExp( mw.util.wikiScript() + '?title=' + mw.util.wikiUrlencode( localFileNSString ) ) ); var commonsBasePath = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:'; var commonsBaseScript = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:'; $content.find( 'a.image, a.mw-file-description' ).each( function ( i ) { if ( uploadBaseRe.test( $( this ).find( 'img' ).attr( 'src' ) ) ) { this.href = this.href .replace( localBasePath, commonsBasePath ) .replace( localBaseScript, commonsBaseScript ); } } ); } ); } ); } jp9edjaqu8h2zmlkpyf5skl5mmb8zvw 3 47402 120396 120371 2026-08-31T20:54:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 2648 /* Tech News: 2026-36 */ new section 120396 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Of course. I will create some articles on the home page which have red links soon. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:11, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], as much as I want to do this, I do want to create some articles which are not linked on the Jani likulu, because it is drawing my ADHD brain away from editing the tumwiki and having less enjoyment here. Thanks. I will often create articles linked on Jani likulu anyway though. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:33, 28 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> rpcptbe13bkdv55qgljujx1uxjz6004 120398 120396 2026-08-31T21:53:47Z MediaWiki message delivery 2648 /* Translation notification: Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya */ new section 120398 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{Archives}} == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Of course. I will create some articles on the home page which have red links soon. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:11, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], as much as I want to do this, I do want to create some articles which are not linked on the Jani likulu, because it is drawing my ADHD brain away from editing the tumwiki and having less enjoyment here. Thanks. I will often create articles linked on Jani likulu anyway though. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:33, 28 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya == Hello Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to chiTumbuka na Swahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya|Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=tum&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to chiTumbuka] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Swahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:53, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Borhan@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> 53ouwexttj9p72ggmtt5myewqsd6zgw 0 47490 120530 116139 2026-09-01T02:44:29Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 120530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni mzinda cha [[Kurzeme]] kwa [[Latvia]]. Lili na ŵanthu 33,906 (2020).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210128135746/http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/iedz/iedz__iedzskaits__ikgad/ISG020.px/</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} {{Latvia}} [[Category:Latvia]] 391f86sx0uhcenxcem0ie2jwxcdo74g 4 48907 120395 2026-08-31T19:40:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Penan woman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Penan|ŴaPenan]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Borneo]] awo ŵakukhala chomene mu [[Sarawak]] ku [[Malaysia]] na vigaŵa vinyake vya pachilwa ichi. ŴaPenan ŵali na mbiri yakuŵa ŵanthu ŵakwendakŵenda mu thengele, ndipo ŵakajipweleleranga mwa kusaka, kusanga vyakurya, kukola somba na kusanga vyakurya vinyake vya mu chilengiwa. Ŵakumanyikwa chifukwa cha umanyi wawo wa thengele na..." 120395 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Penan woman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Penan|ŴaPenan]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Borneo]] awo ŵakukhala chomene mu [[Sarawak]] ku [[Malaysia]] na vigaŵa vinyake vya pachilwa ichi. ŴaPenan ŵali na mbiri yakuŵa ŵanthu ŵakwendakŵenda mu thengele, ndipo ŵakajipweleleranga mwa kusaka, kusanga vyakurya, kukola somba na kusanga vyakurya vinyake vya mu chilengiwa. Ŵakumanyikwa chifukwa cha umanyi wawo wa thengele na nthowa yakugwiliskira ntchito vinthu vya mu chilengiwa mwakupwelelera. Mazuŵa ghano ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu malo ghakukhazikika, kweni kagulu kachoko kakulutilira kukhala na umoyo wakwendakwendaka mu thengele. ŴaPenan ŵakukumana na suzgo la kudumulika kwa thengele chifukwa cha kudula makuni na ntchito zinyake izo zikupoka malo ghawo. ([[Penan|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3ps7hkssw3usu7ghdfzt1le73g680rf 4 48908 120399 2026-09-01T00:20:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Malawisaurus 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Malawisaurus]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Dinosauria|dinosaur]] wa gulu la [[Titanosauria]] uwo ukaŵanga mu [[Malawi]] mu nyengo ya [[Early Cretaceous|nyengo yakwamba ya Cretaceous]]. Mafupa ghake ghakumanyikwa chomene kufuma mu [[Dinosaur Beds]] mu [[Karonga District]], kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mu 1928, [[Sidney H. Haughton]] wakalongosora fossil iyi nga [[Gigantosaurus|Gigantosaurus dixeyi]]..." 120399 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Malawisaurus 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Malawisaurus]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Dinosauria|dinosaur]] wa gulu la [[Titanosauria]] uwo ukaŵanga mu [[Malawi]] mu nyengo ya [[Early Cretaceous|nyengo yakwamba ya Cretaceous]]. Mafupa ghake ghakumanyikwa chomene kufuma mu [[Dinosaur Beds]] mu [[Karonga District]], kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mu 1928, [[Sidney H. Haughton]] wakalongosora fossil iyi nga [[Gigantosaurus|Gigantosaurus dixeyi]], kweni mu 1993 ŵasayansi ŵakakhazikiska mtundu waphya wakuti Malawisaurus. Zina ili likung’anamura “chizanda cha Malawi”. Malawisaurus wakaŵa [[Sauropoda|sauropod]] wakurya vyakumera, ndipo ŵasayansi ŵasanga mafupa gha mutu, mino, msana, malundi na [[osteoderm|vikhakhaliro vya thupi]]. Fossil yake yikuwoneskeka pa [[Cultural & Museum Centre Karonga|Cultural & Museum Centre]] ku [[Karonga]], uko yili pakati pa vinthu vyakuzirwa chomene vya mbiri ya chigaŵa ichi. ([[Malawisaurus|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0quy7scbnukce2xsja2o0jwpqwrdpwq 120400 120399 2026-09-01T00:22:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120400 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Malawisaurus 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Malawisaurus]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Dinosauria|dinosaur]] wa gulu la [[Titanosauria]] uwo ukaŵanga mu [[Malawi]] mu nyengo yakwamba ya [[Cretaceous]]. Mafupa ghake ghakumanyikwa kufuma mu [[Dinosaur Beds]] mu [[Karonga District]], kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mu 1928, [[Sidney H. Haughton]] wakalongosora fossil iyi nga [[Gigantosaurus]] dixeyi, kweni mu 1993 ŵasayansi ŵakakhazikiska mtundu waphya wakuti Malawisaurus. Zina ili likung’anamura “chizanda cha Malawi”. Malawisaurus wakaŵa [[Sauropoda|sauropod]] wakurya vyakumera ndipo wakaŵa na singo na chikhutu chikuru. Ŵasayansi ŵasanga mafupa gha mutu, msana, nthiti, malundi na [[osteoderm|vikhakhaliro vya thupi]]. Fossil zake zikuwoneskeka ku [[Cultural & Museum Centre Karonga|Cultural & Museum Centre]] ku [[Karonga]], uko ŵalendo ŵangasambira za dinosaur uyu na mbiri ya chigaŵa ichi. Chinyama ichi ntchimoza mwa ma dinosaur ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Malawi, ndipo chikovwira ŵasayansi kumanya umo nyama zikuru zikakhaliranga mu Africa yakale mu nyengo ya Cretaceous yakale. ([[Malawisaurus|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bxmeaozjti5zpo8n6u0eczdpdlou8qb 120401 120400 2026-09-01T00:26:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120401 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Nyos.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Nyos]]''' ni [[ziwa]] lakuŵa ku [[Cameroon]] ilo likamanyikwa chifukwa cha ngozi yikuru mu 1986. Pa [[Lake Nyos disaster|ngozi iyi]], mpweya wa [[carbon dioxide]] ukafuma mwamabuchi kufuma pasi pa ziwa na kusazgikira mu mphepo yapafupi. Mswima uyu ukathira pasi mu vijiji, ndipo ukakoma ŵanthu 1,746 na nyama zakuswana zakujumpha 3,500. Ŵanthu ŵakasangika ŵafwa uku ŵanyake ŵakapona. Chifukwa cha ngozi iyi, ŵasayansi ŵakapanga nthowa za [[degassing]] kuti ŵafumiskenge carbon dioxide kufuma mu maji gha pasi mwakachetechete. Mu 2001, chubu chakwamba chikayikika mu ziwa, ndipo vinyake vikasazgikako pamanyuma. [[Lake Nyos]] ntchakukumbuska chakofya cha ngozi izo zingachitika mu [[ziwa volcanic|nyanja za volcanic]], ndipo yikulongora kukhumbikwa kwa sayansi pa kuvikilira ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala pafupi na malo gha volcanic. Chiŵeŵe ichi chichali kusambizga ŵanthu kuti ŵasayansi ŵakwenera kuwona vinthu vya chilengedwe na chenjezgo ku ŵanthu. ([[Lake Nyos disaster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ily6hxpq2yijp6odrqhtjy45ms6j40n 120402 120401 2026-09-01T00:27:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120402 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Malawisaurus 01.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Malawisaurus]]''' ni mtundu wa [[Dinosauria|dinosaur]] wa gulu la [[Titanosauria]] uwo ukaŵanga mu [[Malawi]] mu nyengo yakwamba ya [[Cretaceous]]. Mafupa ghake ghakumanyikwa kufuma mu [[Dinosaur Beds]] mu [[Karonga District]], kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mu 1928, [[Sidney H. Haughton]] wakalongosora fossil iyi nga [[Gigantosaurus]] dixeyi, kweni mu 1993 ŵasayansi ŵakakhazikiska mtundu waphya wakuti Malawisaurus. Zina ili likung’anamura “chizanda cha Malawi”. Malawisaurus wakaŵa [[Sauropoda|sauropod]] wakurya vyakumera ndipo wakaŵa na singo na chikhutu chikuru. Ŵasayansi ŵasanga mafupa gha mutu, msana, nthiti, malundi na [[osteoderm|vikhakhaliro vya thupi]]. Fossil zake zikuwoneskeka ku [[Cultural & Museum Centre Karonga|Cultural & Museum Centre]] ku [[Karonga]], uko ŵalendo ŵangasambira za dinosaur uyu na mbiri ya chigaŵa ichi. Chinyama ichi ntchimoza mwa ma dinosaur ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Malawi, ndipo chikovwira ŵasayansi kumanya umo nyama zikuru zikakhaliranga mu Africa yakale mu nyengo ya Cretaceous yakale. ([[Malawisaurus|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bxmeaozjti5zpo8n6u0eczdpdlou8qb 120403 120402 2026-09-01T00:27:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120403 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Nyos Lake.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Lake Nyos]]''' ni [[ziwa]] lakuŵa ku [[Cameroon]] ilo likamanyikwa chifukwa cha ngozi yikuru mu 1986. Pa [[Lake Nyos disaster|ngozi iyi]], mpweya wa [[carbon dioxide]] ukafuma mwamabuchi kufuma pasi pa ziwa na kusazgikira mu mphepo yapafupi. Mswima uyu ukathira pasi mu vijiji, ndipo ukakoma ŵanthu 1,746 na nyama zakuswana zakujumpha 3,500. Ŵanthu ŵakasangika ŵafwa uku ŵanyake ŵakapona. Chifukwa cha ngozi iyi, ŵasayansi ŵakapanga nthowa za [[degassing]] kuti ŵafumiskenge carbon dioxide kufuma mu maji gha pasi mwakachetechete. Mu 2001, chubu chakwamba chikayikika mu ziwa, ndipo vinyake vikasazgikako pamanyuma. [[Lake Nyos]] ntchakukumbuska chakofya cha ngozi izo zingachitika mu [[ziwa volcanic|nyanja za volcanic]], ndipo yikulongora kukhumbikwa kwa sayansi pa kuvikilira ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala pafupi na malo gha volcanic. Chiŵeŵe ichi chichali kusambizga ŵanthu kuti ŵasayansi ŵakwenera kuwona vinthu vya chilengedwe na chenjezgo ku ŵanthu. ([[Lake Nyos disaster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o9z0dxewda3sosd07nzk65e605g2yto 4 48909 120404 2026-09-01T00:33:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka | title = [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka|Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka]] | state = collapsed | list1 = '''[[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/3|3]] · Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbu..." 120404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka | title = [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka|Nkhani yamwahuno 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ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/30|30]] | list2 = '''[[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala|Okutobala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani 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[[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Okutobala/31|31]] | list3 = '''[[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala|Novembala]]''' · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/5|5]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/6|6]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/7|7]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/8|8]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/9|9]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/10|10]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/11|11]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/12|12]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/13|13]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani 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[[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/14|14]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/15|15]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/16|16]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/17|17]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/18|18]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/19|19]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/20|20]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/21|21]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/22|22]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/23|23]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/24|24]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/25|25]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/26|26]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/27|27]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/28|28]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/29|29]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/30|30]] · [[Wikipedia:Nkhani yamwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/31|31]] }} fkvildgve85k25q7brfe0j9q9mnq5yn 4 48910 120405 2026-09-01T00:37:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Deceased emu during Emu War.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Emu War]]''' yikaŵa ntchito ya [[Australian Army|ŵasilikari ŵa Australia]] mu [[Western Australia]] mu 1932 kuti ŵachepeske [[emu]] izo zikaparanyanga mbewu za ŵalimi. Pa 2 Novembala, ŵasilikari ŵakafika na [[Lewis gun|mizinga ya Lewis]] na ma cartridge masauzandi ghanandi. Kweni emu zikakhalira pachanya pa ŵasilikari, zikathasanga kutchimbira mwaluŵiro, ndipo..." 120405 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Deceased emu during Emu War.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Emu War]]''' yikaŵa ntchito ya [[Australian Army|ŵasilikari ŵa Australia]] mu [[Western Australia]] mu 1932 kuti ŵachepeske [[emu]] izo zikaparanyanga mbewu za ŵalimi. Pa 2 Novembala, ŵasilikari ŵakafika na [[Lewis gun|mizinga ya Lewis]] na ma cartridge masauzandi ghanandi. Kweni emu zikakhalira pachanya pa ŵasilikari, zikathasanga kutchimbira mwaluŵiro, ndipo ntchito iyi yikawoneka kuti yikakana. Pamasabata ghachoko, ŵasilikari ŵakalondezga viŵeto ivi mu minda, kweni ŵakakoma vinandi pachoko kuposa umo ŵakakhazikikira. Mauthenga gha nyuzipepala ghakayamba kuyichema [[Emu War|Nkhondo ya Emu]], ndipo nyengo yasono nkhani iyi yikutchuka nga ni nkhondo yachilendo chomene mu mbiri ya nkhondo. Zina ili ndakusekesa, kweni ŵasilikari ŵakaŵikadi mizinga yakulemera kuti ŵakome nyama izo zikaŵa suzgo ku ŵalimi. Ŵakukumbuka nkhani iyi chifukwa yikulongora umo ŵasilikari ŵangatondekera pa nyama zakuthamanga, ndipo emu zikapambana mu mbiri ya nkhondo yachilendo iyi. ([[Emu War|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q1teyyzlxhcrhlsom1e85ellldfx23r 4 48911 120406 2026-09-01T00:37:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Danse Saint Guy 1518 Charles Spindler.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dancing plague of 1518|Chilombo cha kucheta cha 1518]]''' chikamba ku [[Strasbourg]] mu Julayi 1518 apo mwanakazi wakwamba kucheta mwankhongono kwambura kumanya chifukwa. Mu mazuŵa ghachoko, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakamba kumulondezga, ndipo chiŵereŵere ichi chikakura kufika pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 50 mpaka 400. Ŵanyake ŵakacheta kwa mazuŵa ghanandi, ŵakatopa..." 120406 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Danse Saint Guy 1518 Charles Spindler.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Dancing plague of 1518|Chilombo cha kucheta cha 1518]]''' chikamba ku [[Strasbourg]] mu Julayi 1518 apo mwanakazi wakwamba kucheta mwankhongono kwambura kumanya chifukwa. Mu mazuŵa ghachoko, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakamba kumulondezga, ndipo chiŵereŵere ichi chikakura kufika pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 50 mpaka 400. Ŵanyake ŵakacheta kwa mazuŵa ghanandi, ŵakatopa chomene, ŵakakhala ŵambura nkhongono, ndipo malipoti ghanyake ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakafwa. Ŵalongozgi ŵa msumba ŵakayezga nthowa yapadera: ŵakapanga malo ghakucheterapo na kuluta ŵakwimba kuti ŵanthu ŵachete suzgo ilo. Kweni nthowa iyi yikawovwira yayi ndipo ŵalongozgi pamanyuma ŵakaletsa kucheta na kwambira pa sumu. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵakakhwaskika na [[Saint Vitus|Chiŵeŵe cha Saint Vitus]], apo ŵasayansi ŵa mazuŵa ghano ŵakupenja mafumbo gha umoyo na maghanoghano. Chifukwa cheneko chikamanyikwa yayi. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo mantha na chipulikano vingapangiska suzgo likuru mu msumba wose mu nyengo yakale. ([[Dancing plague of 1518|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5hxbdbrt2kngfwaylt4ricau33r3jom 4 48912 120407 2026-09-01T00:38:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tunguska Ereignis-1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tunguska event]]''' yikaŵa kuphulika kukuru ku [[Siberia]] pa 30 Juni 1908. Chinthu chakufuma mu mlengalenga, icho ŵasayansi ŵakughanaghana kuti chikaŵa [[asteroid]] chichoko, chikaphulika pachanya pa charu m’malo mwa kugunda pasi. Mphamvu ya kuphulika yikagwetsa na kuŵotcha mitengo pa malo ghakujumpha makilomita 2,000, kweni palije [[impact crater|dzenje la kugunda]] i..." 120407 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tunguska Ereignis-1.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tunguska event]]''' yikaŵa kuphulika kukuru ku [[Siberia]] pa 30 Juni 1908. Chinthu chakufuma mu mlengalenga, icho ŵasayansi ŵakughanaghana kuti chikaŵa [[asteroid]] chichoko, chikaphulika pachanya pa charu m’malo mwa kugunda pasi. Mphamvu ya kuphulika yikagwetsa na kuŵotcha mitengo pa malo ghakujumpha makilomita 2,000, kweni palije [[impact crater|dzenje la kugunda]] ilo likasangika. Ŵanthu ŵakumadera ghakutali ŵakawona kuŵala na kumva kutuntuma kukuru. Chifukwa chakuti malo agha ghakaŵa kutali chomene, kafukufuku wakufikapo wakachitika vyaka vinandi pamanyuma. Mu 1929, [[Leonid Kulik]] wakalongozga ulendo wakufufuza ndipo wakasanga nkhalango yikuru ya mitengo yakugona pasi. Ŵakafukufuku ŵakuyowoya kuti chinthu cha Tunguska chingaparanya msumba ukuru usange chikaphulika pachanya pa malo gha ŵanthu. Kuphulika uku kukulongora ngozi ya vinthu vya mlengalenga pa charu, ndipo chikumbukiro chake chichali kovwira ŵasayansi kusambira za kugunda kwa ma asteroid lero. ([[Tunguska event|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6v5vn60bsb7yg2uztaih87vbpjvxh53 4 48913 120408 2026-09-01T00:38:50Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Molasses Flood]]''' yikachitika ku [[Boston]] pa 15 Janyuwale 1919 apo thanki yikuru ya [[molasses]] yikabomoka mu [[North End, Boston|North End]]. Mafuta ghakuthuka ghakafuma nga ni maji ghakututuka, ghakazura misewu na kupasukira nyumba, magalimoto na njanji. [[Boston]] yikakhala mu suzgo chifukwa mafunde agha ghakafika kuŵa ghanandi mamita na kwenda mwaluŵiro. Ŵ..." 120408 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Molasses Flood]]''' yikachitika ku [[Boston]] pa 15 Janyuwale 1919 apo thanki yikuru ya [[molasses]] yikabomoka mu [[North End, Boston|North End]]. Mafuta ghakuthuka ghakafuma nga ni maji ghakututuka, ghakazura misewu na kupasukira nyumba, magalimoto na njanji. [[Boston]] yikakhala mu suzgo chifukwa mafunde agha ghakafika kuŵa ghanandi mamita na kwenda mwaluŵiro. Ŵanthu 21 ŵakafwa ndipo pafupifupi 150 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku msumba ŵakachita mulimo ukuru wa kuponoska ŵanthu na kuchotsa molasses mu misewu. Kampani iyo yikaŵa na thanki yikadandawulika, ndipo khoti pamanyuma likawona kuti kampani iyi yikaŵa na mulandu pa ngozi. Nkhani iyi yikawovwira kusintha umo maofesi na makampani ghakeneranga kupangira na kuwona [[industrial safety|chitetezo cha mafakitale]]. Mazuŵa ghano, Great Molasses Flood yikukumbukwa nga ni limoza mwa ngozi zachilendo chomene mu mbiri ya America. Ŵakufukura ŵakughanaghana kuti kutentha kukawovwira tanki kubomoka. ([[Great Molasses Flood|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 8ukdxyi9orizaix7xqceafk07outq04 4 48914 120409 2026-09-01T00:39:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Molasses Flood]]''' yikachitika ku [[Boston]] pa 15 Janyuwale 1919 apo thanki yikuru ya [[molasses]] yikabomoka mu [[North End, Boston|North End]]. Mafuta ghakuthuka ghakafuma nga ni maji ghakututuka, ghakazura misewu na kupasukira nyumba, magalimoto na njanji. [[Boston]] yikakhala mu suzgo chifukwa mafunde agha ghakafika kuŵa ghanandi mamita na kwenda mwaluŵiro. Ŵ..." 120409 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:BostonMolassesDisaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Molasses Flood]]''' yikachitika ku [[Boston]] pa 15 Janyuwale 1919 apo thanki yikuru ya [[molasses]] yikabomoka mu [[North End, Boston|North End]]. Mafuta ghakuthuka ghakafuma nga ni maji ghakututuka, ghakazura misewu na kupasukira nyumba, magalimoto na njanji. [[Boston]] yikakhala mu suzgo chifukwa mafunde agha ghakafika kuŵa ghanandi mamita na kwenda mwaluŵiro. Ŵanthu 21 ŵakafwa ndipo pafupifupi 150 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku msumba ŵakachita mulimo ukuru wa kuponoska ŵanthu na kuchotsa molasses mu misewu. Kampani iyo yikaŵa na thanki yikadandawulika, ndipo khoti pamanyuma likawona kuti kampani iyi yikaŵa na mulandu pa ngozi. Nkhani iyi yikawovwira kusintha umo maofesi na makampani ghakeneranga kupangira na kuwona [[industrial safety|chitetezo cha mafakitale]]. Mazuŵa ghano, Great Molasses Flood yikukumbukwa nga ni limoza mwa ngozi zachilendo chomene mu mbiri ya America. Ŵakufukura ŵakughanaghana kuti kutentha kukawovwira tanki kubomoka. ([[Great Molasses Flood|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 8ukdxyi9orizaix7xqceafk07outq04 120414 120409 2026-09-01T00:40:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120414 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:20 The Great Plague.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Plague of London]]''' yikaŵa phalazi la [[bubonic plague|nthenda ya bubonic plague]] ilo likachitika mu [[London]] mu 1665 na 1666. Nthenda iyi yikathandazgika na [[flea|ma fleas]] agho ghakasangika pa [[black rat|makoswe]], ndipo yikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi mu msumba. Mazuŵa agha ghakaŵa ghakofya: mabanja ghakakhoma milango ya nyumba izo zikaŵa na ŵalwari, ŵalwari na ŵakufwa ŵakanyamulika mu [[death cart|magaleta gha ŵakufwa]], ndipo ŵanthu ŵakakalira ŵabali ŵawo. Boma likayezga kulekeska nthenda mwa kutseka nyumba na kuŵika alonda pa milyango, kweni nthenda yikalutilira. Mu 1666, [[Great Fire of London|Moto Mukuru wa London]] ukaparanya chigaŵa chikuru cha msumba, ndipo pamanyuma nthenda yikamba kuchepa. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100,000 ŵakaghanaghanika kuti ŵakafwa mu London. Nkhani ya nthenda iyi yikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵa nyengo yakale ŵakasuzgikira na nthenda izo zikathandazgika mwaluŵiro mu misumba yikuru. Ŵalwari ŵakakhwaskika na mantha na malango ghakofya. ([[Great Plague of London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bf5vixj62yxu9y9pfbu8yikunbh6lpy 4 48915 120410 2026-09-01T00:39:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Eco Park Minamata2.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Minamata disease]]''' ni nthenda yikuru ya [[mercury poisoning|kuvunda na mercury]] iyo yikasangika koyamba ku [[Minamata]], [[Japan]], mu 1956. [[Chisso]] Corporation yikafumiska madzi ghakafuma mufakitale agho ghakaŵa na [[methylmercury]], ndipo chinthu ichi chikazara mu [[fish|nsomba]] na [[shellfish|nyama za mu maji]] mu [[Minamata Bay]]. Ŵanthu awo ŵakalyanga vyakurya i..." 120410 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Eco Park Minamata2.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Minamata disease]]''' ni nthenda yikuru ya [[mercury poisoning|kuvunda na mercury]] iyo yikasangika koyamba ku [[Minamata]], [[Japan]], mu 1956. [[Chisso]] Corporation yikafumiska madzi ghakafuma mufakitale agho ghakaŵa na [[methylmercury]], ndipo chinthu ichi chikazara mu [[fish|nsomba]] na [[shellfish|nyama za mu maji]] mu [[Minamata Bay]]. Ŵanthu awo ŵakalyanga vyakurya ivi ŵakamba kuŵa na suzgo la kutondeka kwenda, kusoŵa kumanya, kupweteka kwa minofu na masuzgo gha kuyowoya na kupulika. Ŵanyake ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵana ŵa ŵanakazi awo ŵakhwaskika nawo ŵakababika na suzgo la ubongo. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti ŵanthu ŵakayamba kuwona [[cat|makaŵa]] ghakuchita vinthu vyachilendo na kufwa pambere ŵasayansi ŵandamanye chifukwa. Kafukufuku pamanyuma wakalongora kuti mercury ndiyo yikaŵa chifukwa chikuru. Nkhani iyi yikazenga mphindano yikuru pa [[environmental pollution|kuvunda kwa chilengedwe]] na udindo wa makampani pa umoyo wa ŵanthu. Ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga chilungamo, ndipo ŵakapoka malipiro. ([[Minamata disease|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> n0bp94zrl3uyt9w4d6zmiphesgvuptm 4 48916 120411 2026-09-01T00:39:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Thomas J. Hicks of Cambridge, Massachusetts YMCA winner of the 1904 Olympic Marathon Race (cropped).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon ya ma Olympic ya 1904]]''' yikaŵa yimoza mwa mipikisano yakuzizwiska chomene mu mbiri ya [[Olympic Games|Ma Olympic]]. Yikachitika ku [[St. Louis]] pa 30 Ogasiti 1904 pa msewu wa fumbi na mu joto, apo ŵakanikizga ŵakuthamanga 32 k..." 120411 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Thomas J. Hicks of Cambridge, Massachusetts YMCA winner of the 1904 Olympic Marathon Race (cropped).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon ya ma Olympic ya 1904]]''' yikaŵa yimoza mwa mipikisano yakuzizwiska chomene mu mbiri ya [[Olympic Games|Ma Olympic]]. Yikachitika ku [[St. Louis]] pa 30 Ogasiti 1904 pa msewu wa fumbi na mu joto, apo ŵakanikizga ŵakuthamanga 32 kufuma ku vyaru 7. Maji ghakaŵa ghachoko chomene, ndipo ŵakuthamanga ŵanandi ŵakafika pakoma. Pa 14 awo ŵakafika ku umaliro, [[Thomas Hicks]] ndiyo wakathereska, kweni ŵawovwiri ŵake ŵakamupaska [[brandy]], mazira ghafipa na [[strychnine]] apo wakaŵa pafupi kutondeka. [[Frederick Lorz]] wakawoneka nga wathereska, kweni wakasanga kuti wakakwera galimoto chigaŵa cha ulendo ndipo wakachotsedwa. [[Andarín Carvajal]] nayo wakalaŵiska chipambi mu nthowa chifukwa cha njala. Marathon iyi yikulongora umo ŵakanozgekera makora yayi pa maseŵero ghakulu gha nyengo yira. Nkhani iyi yikulongora suzgo la kupangika kwa maseŵero ghakale. ([[Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 60pe1ji955apfff02sgfv9od13knclz 4 48917 120412 2026-09-01T00:39:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pig War Sign.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Pig War (1859)|Nkhondo ya Nkhumba]]''' yikaŵa mphindano pakati pa [[United States]] na [[United Kingdom]] mu 1859 pa [[San Juan Islands]]. Suzgo likamba apo nkhumba ya ku Britain yikaŵa yakusangika mu munda wa munthu wa ku America ndipo munthu yula wakakoma nkhumba. Ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru viŵiri ŵakatumizga ŵasilikari chifukwa cha mphindano pa dango la malo na mphaka. Pa nyengo y..." 120412 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pig War Sign.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Pig War (1859)|Nkhondo ya Nkhumba]]''' yikaŵa mphindano pakati pa [[United States]] na [[United Kingdom]] mu 1859 pa [[San Juan Islands]]. Suzgo likamba apo nkhumba ya ku Britain yikaŵa yakusangika mu munda wa munthu wa ku America ndipo munthu yula wakakoma nkhumba. Ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru viŵiri ŵakatumizga ŵasilikari chifukwa cha mphindano pa dango la malo na mphaka. Pa nyengo yakuŵa mphindano iyi, ŵasilikari ŵa America ŵakafika pafupifupi 461 na mizinga 14, apo Britain yikaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 2,000 na masitima gha nkhondo. Kweni nkhumba ndiyo yikaŵa munthu yekha uyo wakafwa mu nkhondo iyi. Palije msilikari uyo wakakomeka. Ŵasilikari ŵakakhala pa chilwa kwa vyaka vinandi pambere mphindano yizamara mwa [[arbitration|kupeleka mulandu kwa ŵalongozgi ŵanyake]]. Mu 1872, [[German Empire|Ufumu wa Germany]] ukawovwira kusankha mphaka, ndipo chilwa chikapika ku United States. Nkhumba yikamba. ([[Pig War (1859)|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4k231hle795q8o1owf4eyl3pvo88tz8 4 48918 120413 2026-09-01T00:39:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:8 The Great Fire of London 1666.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Fire of London|Moto Mukuru wa London]]''' ukamba pa 2 Sepitembala 1666 mu nyumba ya [[Thomas Farriner]] pa [[Pudding Lane]] ku [[London]]. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na nkhuni, misewu yikaŵa yidoko, ndipo mphepo yikawovwira malawi. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, moto ukaparanya chigaŵa chikuru cha [[City of London]], ku..." 120413 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:8 The Great Fire of London 1666.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Fire of London|Moto Mukuru wa London]]''' ukamba pa 2 Sepitembala 1666 mu nyumba ya [[Thomas Farriner]] pa [[Pudding Lane]] ku [[London]]. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na nkhuni, misewu yikaŵa yidoko, ndipo mphepo yikawovwira malawi. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, moto ukaparanya chigaŵa chikuru cha [[City of London]], kusazgapo nyumba pafupifupi 13,000 na matchalitchi ghakujumpha 80, kusazgapo [[St Paul's Cathedral]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakathawa ku msumba, ndipo katundu wawo wakatolekera ku malo ghakuvikilika. Malipoti ghakale ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene ŵakafwa, kweni ŵakafukufuku ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti chiŵelengero cheneko chikaŵa chapachanya. Pamanyuma pa moto, ŵalongozgi ŵakanozga so msumba, ndipo nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na [[brick|njerwa]]. [[Christopher Wren]] wakaŵa yumoza mwa awo ŵakawovwira kupanga mapulani gha London yiphya. Moto uwu ukasintha kapangidwe ka [[London]], ndipo mbiri yake yikukumbukwa na [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|Monument]] pamanyuma. ([[Great Fire of London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ahc6mhblk0u0qgquaulgv4vdhug6k5p 4 48919 120415 2026-09-01T00:40:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:8 The Great Fire of London 1666.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Fire of London|Moto Mukuru wa London]]''' ukamba pa 2 Sepitembala 1666 mu nyumba ya [[Thomas Farriner]] pa [[Pudding Lane]] ku [[London]]. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na nkhuni, misewu yikaŵa yidoko, ndipo mphepo yikawovwira malawi. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, moto ukaparanya chigaŵa chikuru cha [[City of London]], ku..." 120415 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:8 The Great Fire of London 1666.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Fire of London|Moto Mukuru wa London]]''' ukamba pa 2 Sepitembala 1666 mu nyumba ya [[Thomas Farriner]] pa [[Pudding Lane]] ku [[London]]. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na nkhuni, misewu yikaŵa yidoko, ndipo mphepo yikawovwira malawi. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, moto ukaparanya chigaŵa chikuru cha [[City of London]], kusazgapo nyumba pafupifupi 13,000 na matchalitchi ghakujumpha 80, kusazgapo [[St Paul's Cathedral]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakathawa ku msumba, ndipo katundu wawo wakatolekera ku malo ghakuvikilika. Malipoti ghakale ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene ŵakafwa, kweni ŵakafukufuku ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti chiŵelengero cheneko chikaŵa chapachanya. Pamanyuma pa moto, ŵalongozgi ŵakanozga so msumba, ndipo nyumba zinandi zikaŵa zakuzengeka na [[brick|njerwa]]. [[Christopher Wren]] wakaŵa yumoza mwa awo ŵakawovwira kupanga mapulani gha London yiphya. Moto uwu ukasintha kapangidwe ka [[London]], ndipo mbiri yake yikukumbukwa na [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|Monument]] pamanyuma. ([[Great Fire of London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ahc6mhblk0u0qgquaulgv4vdhug6k5p 4 48920 120416 2026-09-01T00:41:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dwarf goat tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Goat tower]]''' ni nyumba yakupangika mwakutengela kuti [[goat|mbuŵa]] zikwere na kugona pa magawo ghakupambanapambana gha nsanja. Chimoza mwa vinyumba vyakwambilira chikazengeka ku [[Aveleda]] mu [[Portugal]], uko chikazengeka mu [[19th century|vyaka vya m'ma 19]]. Nsanja izi zikuŵa na nthowa zakukwera ku mphepete mwa nyumba, ndipo mbuŵa zikukwera mwakumalira kuti zikaŵe pac..." 120416 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Dwarf goat tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Goat tower]]''' ni nyumba yakupangika mwakutengela kuti [[goat|mbuŵa]] zikwere na kugona pa magawo ghakupambanapambana gha nsanja. Chimoza mwa vinyumba vyakwambilira chikazengeka ku [[Aveleda]] mu [[Portugal]], uko chikazengeka mu [[19th century|vyaka vya m'ma 19]]. Nsanja izi zikuŵa na nthowa zakukwera ku mphepete mwa nyumba, ndipo mbuŵa zikukwera mwakumalira kuti zikaŵe pachanya. Pamanyuma, nthowa iyi yikamba kuwoneka ku malo ghakupambanapambana mu [[South Africa]], [[Norway]], [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] na [[Argentina]]. Mu malo ghanyake, goat towers zili pafupi na [[winery|minda ya mpheska na vinyo]] ndipo zasanduka malo agho ŵalendo ŵakuwona. Nangauli nsanja izi zikuwoneka nga ni nyumba zakusekesa, zili na ntchito ya kupereka malo ghakuŵikapo mbuŵa. Mazina na kapangidwe ka nsanja zikusiyana, kweni zose zikugwiliskira ntchito mtima wakuti mbuŵa zikukondwa kukwera. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo nyumba zakulima zingakopa ŵalendo. ([[Goat tower|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> b8z08knhyqsmfzbx47ncpu7j7ptasdu 4 48921 120417 2026-09-01T00:41:35Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Hindenburg disaster, 1937.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hindenburg disaster]]''' yikachitika pa 6 Meyi 1937 apo ndege ya [[airship|ndege yakuchanya]] ya Germany [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]] yikayaka moto apo yikakhazikanga ku [[Naval Air Station Lakehurst]] mu [[New Jersey]]. Ndege iyi yikazulanga [[hydrogen]] ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa ndege zikuru chomene za nyengo yira. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro, ndipo Hindenburg yi..." 120417 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Hindenburg disaster, 1937.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hindenburg disaster]]''' yikachitika pa 6 Meyi 1937 apo ndege ya [[airship|ndege yakuchanya]] ya Germany [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]] yikayaka moto apo yikakhazikanga ku [[Naval Air Station Lakehurst]] mu [[New Jersey]]. Ndege iyi yikazulanga [[hydrogen]] ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa ndege zikuru chomene za nyengo yira. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro, ndipo Hindenburg yikaparanyika pafupifupi sekondi 37. Pa ŵanthu 97 awo ŵakaŵa mukati, 35 ŵakafwa, ndipo munthu munyake wa pasi nayo wakafwa. Ŵanthu 62 ŵakapona. Ngozi iyi yikawoneka pa mafoto na pa mawu gha pa wayilesi, ndipo mawu gha [[Herbert Morrison]] ghakafika ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Chifukwa cheneko cha kuphuka kwa moto chichali kukambirana, kweni Hindenburg disaster yikaparanya chipulikano cha ŵanthu mu [[airship|ndege zikuru za mphepo]] ndipo yikawovwira kumara kwa nyengo ya ulendo wa ŵanthu pa ma airship. Chiŵeŵe ichi chikamanyikwa pa charu chose. ([[Hindenburg disaster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1mwtytd1ynx3qhxh58qlq3angv3qirt 4 48922 120418 2026-09-01T00:44:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aeschylus.djvu|100px]] </div> '''[[Aeschylus]]''' wakaŵa mulembi wa maseŵero gha ku [[Ancient Greece|Greece yakale]] ndipo wakumanyikwa nga ni yumoza mwa ŵabambo ŵa [[Greek tragedy|maseŵero gha masoka gha Greek]]. Kweni nkhani ya nyifwa yake ndiyo yikupangiska nkhani iyi kuŵa yapadera. Mu 456 panji 455 BC, Aeschylus wakafwira ku [[Gela]], [[Sicily]]. Malinga na wolemba wa nyengo ya Ŵaroma [[Valerius Maximus]], ..." 120418 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aeschylus.djvu|100px]] </div> '''[[Aeschylus]]''' wakaŵa mulembi wa maseŵero gha ku [[Ancient Greece|Greece yakale]] ndipo wakumanyikwa nga ni yumoza mwa ŵabambo ŵa [[Greek tragedy|maseŵero gha masoka gha Greek]]. Kweni nkhani ya nyifwa yake ndiyo yikupangiska nkhani iyi kuŵa yapadera. Mu 456 panji 455 BC, Aeschylus wakafwira ku [[Gela]], [[Sicily]]. Malinga na wolemba wa nyengo ya Ŵaroma [[Valerius Maximus]], [[eagle]] yikagwira [[tortoise]] na kuyiponya pasi kuti iphwanye chipolopolo, kweni yikaghanaghana kuti mutu wa Aeschylus uwo wakaŵa wambura sisi ukaŵa jiwe. Kamba ka chiwo chikafika pa mutu wake ndipo chikamukoma. [[Pliny the Elder]] wakasazgirapo kuti Aeschylus wakagona panja chifukwa cha uchimi wakuti wazamukomeka na chinthu chakugwa. Aeschylus wakaŵa na chikoka chikuru pa maseŵero gha ku Greece. Nkhani ya nyifwa yake yikupitilira kumanyikwa chifukwa cha chinthu chambura kuzolowereka chomene. Chiŵeŵe ichi chingawa nthano, kweni chikalembeka mu mabuku gha kale. ([[Aeschylus|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> modn5iuixijpkau22d23dnxpbs82foe 4 48923 120419 2026-09-01T00:44:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Kentucky meat shower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kentucky meat shower|Mvula ya Nyama ya Kentucky]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska chomene ku [[Kentucky]], [[United States]], pa 3 Malichi 1876. Ŵanthu ŵa pa famu ya Crouch ŵakayowoya kuti vipindi vya nyama vikawa kuchokera kuchanya na kugwa pasi nga ni vula. Ŵanyake awo ŵakaviwona ŵakata vipindi ivi, ndipo nyengo yira nkhani iyi yikalembeka na Scientific American..." 120419 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Kentucky meat shower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kentucky meat shower|Mvula ya Nyama ya Kentucky]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska chomene ku [[Kentucky]], [[United States]], pa 3 Malichi 1876. Ŵanthu ŵa pa famu ya Crouch ŵakayowoya kuti vipindi vya nyama vikawa kuchokera kuchanya na kugwa pasi nga ni vula. Ŵanyake awo ŵakaviwona ŵakata vipindi ivi, ndipo nyengo yira nkhani iyi yikalembeka na [[Scientific American]] na [[The New York Times]]. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakapeleka mazgu ghakupambanapambana pa icho chikaŵa, kweni chifukwa cheneko chichali chambura kusimikizgika. Ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti chikaŵa [[Nostoc]], mtundu wa cyanobacteria, apo ŵanyake ŵakaghanaghana kuti wakaŵa [[vulture]] uyo wakaponyanga nyama yakafukuka pamanyuma pa kusanza. Mazuŵa ghano, nthowa ya “vulture vomiting” ndiyo yikuwoneka nga yikupereka ulongozgi wakupulikikwa chomene. Mu 2004, sample ya nyama yikasangikaso ku [[Transylvania University]]. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti zochitika zachilendo zingakhalira mu malipoti gha nyuzipepala na kufufuza kwa ŵasayansi. ([[Kentucky meat shower|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ce1xtm508mjo943xdzzq016iwkb1ihd 4 48924 120420 2026-09-01T00:44:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Nelson's Column during the Great Smog of 1952.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Smog of London|Mphunga Mukuru wa London]]''' ukaŵa suzgo la mpweya uwo ukazaza [[London]] mu Disembala 1952. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, mphepo yikazakhala pachoko ndipo utsi kufuma ku mafakitale, makala gha mu nyumba na magalimoto ukasazgikana na nkhungu. Mphunga uyu ukaŵa wakukhora mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kuwona nthowa, ndipo ŵanyake..." 120420 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Nelson's Column during the Great Smog of 1952.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Smog of London|Mphunga Mukuru wa London]]''' ukaŵa suzgo la mpweya uwo ukazaza [[London]] mu Disembala 1952. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, mphepo yikazakhala pachoko ndipo utsi kufuma ku mafakitale, makala gha mu nyumba na magalimoto ukasazgikana na nkhungu. Mphunga uyu ukaŵa wakukhora mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kuwona nthowa, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakafunikira kuŵika ŵanthu ŵa pa maso kuti ŵalute. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kufwa chifukwa cha nthenda za kupuma, ndipo kafukufuku wakufika pamanyuma ukati nyifwa zikakwera chomene mu masabata agha. Chiŵelengero cha nyifwa za nyengo yakulondezgapo chikayezgekanga pa 12,000. Chochitika ichi chikasinthaso malango gha [[air pollution|kuphala mpweya]]. Chochitika ichi chikawovwira ŵalongozgi kumanya kuti mpweya wakuvunda nawo ungaŵa ngozi yikuru ku umoyo wa ŵanthu. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti kuvunda kwa mpweya kungakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kwambura nkhondo panji ngozi ya mwamabuchi. ([[Great Smog of London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> o1m8it1s04mf1gq3vj7bfdlwuyr806l 4 48925 120421 2026-09-01T00:44:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The manor house of Toten Hall - 1813.gif|100px]] </div> '''[[London Beer Flood|Chigumula cha Mowa cha London]]''' chikachitika pa 17 Okutobala 1814 ku [[London]] apo thanki yikuru ya mowa ku [[Meux's Brewery]] yikabomoka. Thanki iyi yikaŵa na mowa wakuchuluka chomene, ndipo apo yikabomoka, mowa ukapangiska mafunde agho ghakapasuka mu misewu ya [[St Giles, London|St Giles]]. Nyumba zinandi zikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu 8..." 120421 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The manor house of Toten Hall - 1813.gif|100px]] </div> '''[[London Beer Flood|Chigumula cha Mowa cha London]]''' chikachitika pa 17 Okutobala 1814 ku [[London]] apo thanki yikuru ya mowa ku [[Meux's Brewery]] yikabomoka. Thanki iyi yikaŵa na mowa wakuchuluka chomene, ndipo apo yikabomoka, mowa ukapangiska mafunde agho ghakapasuka mu misewu ya [[St Giles, London|St Giles]]. Nyumba zinandi zikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu 8 ŵakafwa. Ŵanyake mwa awo ŵakafwa ŵakaŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa pa kulilira mwana mu nyumba yapafupi. Khoti pamanyuma likati nyifwa zikaŵa ngozi kwambura mulandu wa munthu. Kampani ya brewery yikakhala pafupi na kuparanyika chifukwa cha ndalama, kweni yikapona. Ngozi iyi yikawovwira kuti makampani gha mowa ghaleke kugwiliskira ntchito matanki ghakuru gha nkhuni nga umo yikaŵira kale. Chochitika ichi chikusimikizgira kuti ngozi zinaŵa zachilendo kweni zingaŵa zakofya chomene ku ŵanthu ŵa msumba. Matanki ghakuru ghakamba kuŵoneka nga ni ngozi ku ŵanthu. ([[London Beer Flood|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> roiodf152qx1u8n7vbrl7st6z6rcw2e 4 48926 120422 2026-09-01T00:44:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Toledowarphilipscorner.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Toledo War|Nkhondo ya Toledo]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya mphaka pakati pa [[Ohio]] na [[Michigan]] mu 1835–1836. Miphika yikaŵa pa chigaŵa cha charu icho chikumanyikwa kuti [[Toledo Strip]], ndipo [[Robert Lucas]] wa Ohio na [[Stevens T. Mason]] wa Michigan ŵakatuma ŵasilikari, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghana kuti nkhondo yikuru yizamwamba. Kweni nkhondo yeneko yikaŵa yi..." 120422 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Toledowarphilipscorner.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Toledo War|Nkhondo ya Toledo]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya mphaka pakati pa [[Ohio]] na [[Michigan]] mu 1835–1836. Miphika yikaŵa pa chigaŵa cha charu icho chikumanyikwa kuti [[Toledo Strip]], ndipo [[Robert Lucas]] wa Ohio na [[Stevens T. Mason]] wa Michigan ŵakatuma ŵasilikari, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghana kuti nkhondo yikuru yizamwamba. Kweni nkhondo yeneko yikaŵa yichoko chomene. Pa chochitika chimoza, ŵasilikari ŵakawomberana mu mphepo kwambura kukoma munthu. Mulandu weneko uwo ukasangika waŵa munthu yumoza wa Michigan uyo wakabaya msilikari wa Ohio ndipo wakamupweteka. Pamanyuma, [[United States Congress]] yikapanga mphakani yakuti Michigan yipeleke Toledo Strip na kupokera chigaŵa chikulu cha [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]]. Michigan pakwamba yikakana, kweni yikazomera pamanyuma. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti mphindano ya charu yingafika ku ŵasilikari nangauli nkhondo yeneko yingawa yichoko chomene. Ŵasilikari ŵakakhala ŵakunozgeka kweni ŵakatimba yayi nkhondo yikuru. ([[Toledo War|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> sp5418w55euwqg45v2pr0zq8yiox4zk 4 48927 120423 2026-09-01T00:44:58Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Defenestration of Prague of 1618.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Defenestrations of Prague|Kufumiskika pa Mawindo gha Prague]]''' ni zina la vinthu vitatu vya nkhondo na ndale mu [[Prague]] apo ŵanthu ŵakaponya ŵalongozgi kufuma pa mawindo. Chochitika chakumanyikwa chomene chikachitika mu 1618 apo ŵanthu ŵa [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ŵakaponyera ŵalongozgi ŵaŵiri ŵa ufumu na mlembi wawo kufuma pa windo la Prague..." 120423 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Defenestration of Prague of 1618.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Defenestrations of Prague|Kufumiskika pa Mawindo gha Prague]]''' ni zina la vinthu vitatu vya nkhondo na ndale mu [[Prague]] apo ŵanthu ŵakaponya ŵalongozgi kufuma pa mawindo. Chochitika chakumanyikwa chomene chikachitika mu 1618 apo ŵanthu ŵa [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ŵakaponyera ŵalongozgi ŵaŵiri ŵa ufumu na mlembi wawo kufuma pa windo la [[Prague Castle]]. Ichi chikapangiska [[Thirty Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 30]], nkhondo yikuru iyo yikafika mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Europe. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti ŵanthu awo ŵakaponyeka ŵakafwa yayi; ŵakaŵa ŵachali na umoyo chifukwa ŵakawira pa dothi lakuzara na vyakuya. Chochitika chakwamba chikachitika mu 1419, chachiŵiri mu 1483, ndipo chachitatu mu 1618. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti chochitika chimoza cha ndale chingayambiska nkhondo yikuru mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Europe. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti kusintha kungawovwira kuthetsa mphindano za ufumu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakawona chochitika ichi nga ntchambura kuzolowereka. ([[Defenestrations of Prague|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ndekotry34cby3uggn0lhk2j3eylmau 4 48928 120424 2026-09-01T00:45:05Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:AngloZanzibarWar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War|Nkhondo ya Anglo-Zanzibar]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo pakati pa [[United Kingdom|Britain]] na [[Zanzibar Sultanate|Zanzibar]] pa 27 Ogasiti 1896, ndipo yikumanyikwa nga ni [[shortest war in history|nkhondo yifupi chomene mu mbiri]]. Nkhondo iyi yikamba pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Sultan [[Hamad bin Thuwaini|Hamad]] na kusankhika kwa [[Khalid bin Barghash]]. Britain yikakhu..." 120424 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:AngloZanzibarWar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War|Nkhondo ya Anglo-Zanzibar]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo pakati pa [[United Kingdom|Britain]] na [[Zanzibar Sultanate|Zanzibar]] pa 27 Ogasiti 1896, ndipo yikumanyikwa nga ni [[shortest war in history|nkhondo yifupi chomene mu mbiri]]. Nkhondo iyi yikamba pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Sultan [[Hamad bin Thuwaini|Hamad]] na kusankhika kwa [[Khalid bin Barghash]]. Britain yikakhumbanga kuti Khalid wafume pa nyumba ya ufumu, kweni iye wakakana ndipo wakaŵika ŵasilikari mu palace. Pa 9:02 m'mawa, ŵasilikari na sitima za Britain ŵakamba kuwombera [[Sultan's Palace|nyumba ya ufumu]]. Mu mphindi 38 pera, nyumba zikaŵotcha, ŵasilikari ŵa Zanzibar ŵakagonjetskeka ndipo Khalid wakathawira ku [[German East Africa]]. Ŵanthu ŵa Zanzibar ŵakafwa pafupifupi 500, apo munthu yumoza wa ku Britain wakapwetekeka. Nkhondo iyi yikulongora nkhongono ya Britain na kusintha kwa ndale za Zanzibar mu nyengo ya ukoloni. ([[Anglo-Zanzibar War|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 97091ynr8pirjgppcv22ey22xpnrz07 4 48929 120425 2026-09-01T00:45:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Picture showing Ottoman Forces advance to Caransebes.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Battle of Karánsebes|Nkhondo ya Karánsebes]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska mu nkhondo za [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] mu 1788 apo ŵasilikari ŵa Austria ŵakawomberana ŵekha usiku pambere [[Ottoman Empire|ŴaOttoman]] ŵandafike. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pantchito ya kusanda ŵakasangana na ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga alcohol|m..." 120425 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Picture showing Ottoman Forces advance to Caransebes.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Battle of Karánsebes|Nkhondo ya Karánsebes]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska mu nkhondo za [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] mu 1788 apo ŵasilikari ŵa Austria ŵakawomberana ŵekha usiku pambere [[Ottoman Empire|ŴaOttoman]] ŵandafike. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pantchito ya kusanda ŵakasangana na ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga [[alcohol|mowa]], ndipo mphindano yikamba. Apo ŵanyake ŵakafika na mfuti, ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga kuti ŴaOttoman ŵiza, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵakawomberanga mu chinyengo. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kutimbana ŵekha, ndipo chisokonezo chikakura mu msasa wose. Icho chikuyowoyeka mwakukwana ntchakuti Austria yikataya [[Karánsebes]] pambere nkhondo yeneko yindambe. ŴaOttoman pamanyuma ŵakapoka msumba. Nkhani iyi yikutchuka chifukwa cha umo mantha, mowa na kusoŵa kwa kuyowoyana vingapangiska ŵasilikari kutimbana ŵekha. Kweni ŵakuti malipoti gha nyifwa masauzandi ghanyake ghangaŵa ghakukwezgeka chomene. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti chisokonezo mu nkhondo chingapangiska ŵasilikari kuwomberana ŵekha kwambura mulwani. ([[Battle of Karánsebes|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mhiz53hj05f17m8fcpo3dmlx1mg0vjk 4 48930 120426 2026-09-01T00:45:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cadaver Synod.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cadaver Synod|Msonkhano wa Mtembo]]''' ukaŵa mulandu wakuzizwiska wa mpingo uwo ukachitika ku [[Rome]] mu 897. [[Pope Formosus]] wakaŵa wafwa kale apo [[Pope Stephen VI]] wakalangura kuti thupi lake lifumiskike mu manda na kuŵikika pa mpando wa khoti. Mtembo wake ukavwalikika vyakuvwara vya upapa ndipo ukaŵa nga ukuŵa pa mulandu. Ŵanthu ŵakafumba mtembo mafumbo, ndipo diakoni..." 120426 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cadaver Synod.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cadaver Synod|Msonkhano wa Mtembo]]''' ukaŵa mulandu wakuzizwiska wa mpingo uwo ukachitika ku [[Rome]] mu 897. [[Pope Formosus]] wakaŵa wafwa kale apo [[Pope Stephen VI]] wakalangura kuti thupi lake lifumiskike mu manda na kuŵikika pa mpando wa khoti. Mtembo wake ukavwalikika vyakuvwara vya upapa ndipo ukaŵa nga ukuŵa pa mulandu. Ŵanthu ŵakafumba mtembo mafumbo, ndipo diakoni wakayankhanga m'malo mwa Formosus. Pamanyuma, khoti likati Formosus wakaŵa na mulandu, ndipo thupi lake likachotsedwa vyakuvwara vya upapa na kuponyeka mu [[Tiber]]. Ŵanthu ŵakamanyanga chochitika ichi nga ni [[Cadaver Synod|Cadaver Trial]]. Waliŵo mu mbiri ya [[papacy|upapa]] nga chimoza mwa vyakuchitika vyambura kuzolowereka chomene. Chochitika ichi chikulongora mwankhongono mphindano za ndale na chipembedzo pakati pa ŵalongozgi ŵa nyengo yira. ([[Cadaver Synod|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pgkeg2fgv2k8dzqdq4ert2rfzpa8vv3 4 48931 120427 2026-09-01T00:45:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The silent highwayman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Stink|Kununkha Kukuru]]''' kukaŵa suzgo ku [[London]] mu 1858 apo [[River Thames|Mlonga wa Thames]] ukaŵa wakuzura na vinthu vyakufuma mu vyakuya. Nyengo yakotcha na kusowa kwa mphepo vikapangiska kuti kununkha kuŵe kukuru chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakafumba kuti munthu waleke kufuma pafupi na mlonga. Ŵanthu ŵakawopa kuti nthenda nga ni [[cholera]] zikathandazgika..." 120427 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The silent highwayman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Great Stink|Kununkha Kukuru]]''' kukaŵa suzgo ku [[London]] mu 1858 apo [[River Thames|Mlonga wa Thames]] ukaŵa wakuzura na vinthu vyakufuma mu vyakuya. Nyengo yakotcha na kusowa kwa mphepo vikapangiska kuti kununkha kuŵe kukuru chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakafumba kuti munthu waleke kufuma pafupi na mlonga. Ŵanthu ŵakawopa kuti nthenda nga ni [[cholera]] zikathandazgika kufuma mu madzi ghakavunda. Ŵalembi na ŵakujambula ŵakayowoya nkhani iyi, ndipo [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]] yikajambula mlonga nga ni munthu uyo wakupereka nthenda kwa London. [[Queen Victoria]] na [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] ŵakayezga kwenda mu boti pa Thames kweni ŵakaleka mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha kununkha. Suzgo ili likachitiska ŵalongozgi kupanga ntchito yikuru ya [[Joseph Bazalgette]] ya kumanga [[London sewerage system|mapeleŵe ghaphya gha vyakuya]]. Ntchito iyi yikasintha London na kuchepeska suzgo la vyakuya mu mlonga. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo kununkha kwakofya kungawovwira kusintha kwa msumba. ([[Great Stink|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bka8zod0ax04xe2jlc2amd4l0souke2 4 48932 120428 2026-09-01T00:45:53Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tangiwai disaster destroyed bridge.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tangiwai disaster|Soka la Tangiwai]]''' likachitika pa 24 Disembala 1953 ku [[New Zealand]], apo [[railway|sitima ya njanji]] yakuluta ku [[Wellington]] yikafika pa mlatho pa [[Whangaehu River]]. Mphaka ya mlatho yikagwa chifukwa cha [[lahar]] iyo yikafuma ku [[Mount Ruapehu|Phiri la Ruapehu]] pamanyuma pakuti dambo la maji gha crater lake laphuka. Sitima yikagw..." 120428 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tangiwai disaster destroyed bridge.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Tangiwai disaster|Soka la Tangiwai]]''' likachitika pa 24 Disembala 1953 ku [[New Zealand]], apo [[railway|sitima ya njanji]] yakuluta ku [[Wellington]] yikafika pa mlatho pa [[Whangaehu River]]. Mphaka ya mlatho yikagwa chifukwa cha [[lahar]] iyo yikafuma ku [[Mount Ruapehu|Phiri la Ruapehu]] pamanyuma pakuti dambo la maji gha crater lake laphuka. Sitima yikagwa mu mlonga, ndipo ŵanthu 151 ŵakafwa. Ŵakukwera ŵakakumana na ngozi usiku chomene, apo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagona mu sitima. Kafukufuku wa boma wakasimikizga kuti lahar ndiyo yikaparanya mphaka ya mlatho mphindi zicoko waka pambere sitima yindafike. Soka ili ndilo ngozi yikuru chomene ya njanji mu [[New Zealand]] ndipo likakumbukika chomene chifukwa chakuti likachitika pa [[Christmas Eve|usiku wa Khisimasi]]. Mlalo wa mlonga ukaŵa wakuzura na maji ghakuru chomene. ([[Tangiwai disaster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> fl6fiuu6ow4ih5x4uvlm5f8ze124399 4 48933 120429 2026-09-01T00:46:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Hindenburg disaster, 1937.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hindenburg disaster]]''' yikachitika pa 6 Meyi 1937 apo ndege ya [[airship|ndege yakuchanya]] ya Germany [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]] yikayaka moto apo yikakhazikanga ku [[Naval Air Station Lakehurst]] mu [[New Jersey]]. Ndege iyi yikazulanga [[hydrogen]] ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa ndege zikuru chomene za nyengo yira. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro, ndipo Hindenburg yi..." 120429 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Hindenburg disaster, 1937.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Hindenburg disaster]]''' yikachitika pa 6 Meyi 1937 apo ndege ya [[airship|ndege yakuchanya]] ya Germany [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]] yikayaka moto apo yikakhazikanga ku [[Naval Air Station Lakehurst]] mu [[New Jersey]]. Ndege iyi yikazulanga [[hydrogen]] ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa ndege zikuru chomene za nyengo yira. Moto ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro, ndipo Hindenburg yikaparanyika pafupifupi sekondi 37. Pa ŵanthu 97 awo ŵakaŵa mukati, 35 ŵakafwa, ndipo munthu munyake wa pasi nayo wakafwa. Ŵanthu 62 ŵakapona. Ngozi iyi yikawoneka pa mafoto na pa mawu gha pa wayilesi, ndipo mawu gha [[Herbert Morrison]] ghakafika ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Chifukwa cheneko cha kuphuka kwa moto chichali kukambirana, kweni Hindenburg disaster yikaparanya chipulikano cha ŵanthu mu [[airship|ndege zikuru za mphepo]] ndipo yikawovwira kumara kwa nyengo ya ulendo wa ŵanthu pa ma airship. Chiŵeŵe ichi chikamanyikwa pa charu chose. ([[Hindenburg disaster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1mwtytd1ynx3qhxh58qlq3angv3qirt 4 48934 120430 2026-09-01T00:46:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cadaver Synod.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cadaver Synod|Msonkhano wa Mtembo]]''' ukaŵa mulandu wakuzizwiska wa mpingo uwo ukachitika ku [[Rome]] mu 897. [[Pope Formosus]] wakaŵa wafwa kale apo [[Pope Stephen VI]] wakalangura kuti thupi lake lifumiskike mu manda na kuŵikika pa mpando wa khoti. Mtembo wake ukavwalikika vyakuvwara vya upapa ndipo ukaŵa nga ukuŵa pa mulandu. Ŵanthu ŵakafumba mtembo mafumbo, ndipo diakoni..." 120430 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Cadaver Synod.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Cadaver Synod|Msonkhano wa Mtembo]]''' ukaŵa mulandu wakuzizwiska wa mpingo uwo ukachitika ku [[Rome]] mu 897. [[Pope Formosus]] wakaŵa wafwa kale apo [[Pope Stephen VI]] wakalangura kuti thupi lake lifumiskike mu manda na kuŵikika pa mpando wa khoti. Mtembo wake ukavwalikika vyakuvwara vya upapa ndipo ukaŵa nga ukuŵa pa mulandu. Ŵanthu ŵakafumba mtembo mafumbo, ndipo diakoni wakayankhanga m'malo mwa Formosus. Pamanyuma, khoti likati Formosus wakaŵa na mulandu, ndipo thupi lake likachotsedwa vyakuvwara vya upapa na kuponyeka mu [[Tiber]]. Ŵanthu ŵakamanyanga chochitika ichi nga ni [[Cadaver Synod|Cadaver Trial]]. Waliŵo mu mbiri ya [[papacy|upapa]] nga chimoza mwa vyakuchitika vyambura kuzolowereka chomene. Chochitika ichi chikulongora mwankhongono mphindano za ndale na chipembedzo pakati pa ŵalongozgi ŵa nyengo yira. ([[Cadaver Synod|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pgkeg2fgv2k8dzqdq4ert2rfzpa8vv3 4 48935 120431 2026-09-01T00:47:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mary Celeste as Amazon in 1861.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sitima ya Mary Celeste]]''' yikaŵa sitima ya malonda iyo yikasangika yikwendeskeka kwambura ŵanthu mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic|Nyanja ya Atlantic]] mu 1872. Yikachimbira ku [[New York City]] kuluta ku [[Genoa]], Italy, kweni pa 4 Disembala sitima ya [[Dei Gratia]] yikasanga Mary Celeste yikuyenda yekha pafupi na [[Azores]]. Katundu wake wakaŵa muchanya, maji na vyaku..." 120431 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mary Celeste as Amazon in 1861.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Sitima ya Mary Celeste]]''' yikaŵa sitima ya malonda iyo yikasangika yikwendeskeka kwambura ŵanthu mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic|Nyanja ya Atlantic]] mu 1872. Yikachimbira ku [[New York City]] kuluta ku [[Genoa]], Italy, kweni pa 4 Disembala sitima ya [[Dei Gratia]] yikasanga Mary Celeste yikuyenda yekha pafupi na [[Azores]]. Katundu wake wakaŵa muchanya, maji na vyakurya vikaŵa vichali, ndipo katundu wa mowa wakaŵa pachoko waka. Kweni [[Benjamin Briggs]], mbumba yake na ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵose ŵakaŵapo yayi, ndipo munthu yumoza wakaŵawonapo yayi. Boti la ŵakwendesa ŵanthu likaŵapo yayi. Ŵafukufuku ŵakayezga kulongosora suzgo ili na maghanoghano nga ni [[kuwukira kwa ŵasilikari|kuwukira kwa ŵasilikari]], [[ujambazi wa panyanja|ujambazi wa panyanja]], mphepo ya maji na fumes za mowa. Mpaka sono palije chifukwa icho chikusimikizgika. Sitima iyi yikakhala chizindikiro cha [[sitima za mizimu|sitima za mizimu]] na mafumbo gha panyanja. 4gsimr3vdq4x4hr5ovzazj0e5mdmnda 120433 120431 2026-09-01T00:50:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120433 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Tangiwai disaster destroyed bridge.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Tangiwai]]''' likachitika pa 24 Disembala 1953 ku [[New Zealand]], apo [[railway|sitima ya njanji]] yakuluta ku [[Wellington]] yikafika pa mlatho pa [[Whangaehu River]]. Mphaka ya mlatho yikagwa chifukwa cha [[lahar]] iyo yikafuma ku [[Mount Ruapehu|Phiri la Ruapehu]] pamanyuma pakuti dambo la maji gha crater lake laphuka. Sitima yikagwa mu mlonga, ndipo ŵanthu 151 ŵakafwa. Ŵakukwera ŵakakumana na ngozi usiku chomene, apo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagona mu sitima. Kafukufuku wa boma wakasimikizga kuti lahar ndiyo yikaparanya mphaka ya mlatho mphindi zicoko waka pambere sitima yindafike. Soka ili ndilo ngozi yikuru chomene ya njanji mu [[New Zealand]] ndipo likakumbukika chomene chifukwa chakuti likachitika pa [[Christmas Eve|usiku wa Khisimasi]]. Mlalo wa mlonga ukaŵa wakuzura na maji ghakuru chomene. ([[Soka la Tangiwai|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ga9rjyiqdoth2nwatomgpr0u44iwg0d 4 48936 120432 2026-09-01T00:49:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The silent highwayman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kununkha Kukuru kwa London]]''' kukaŵa suzgo ku [[London]] mu 1858 apo [[River Thames|Mlonga wa Thames]] ukaŵa wakuzura na vinthu vyakufuma mu vyakuya. Nyengo yakotcha na kusowa kwa mphepo vikapangiska kuti kununkha kuŵe kukuru chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakafumba kuti munthu waleke kufuma pafupi na mlonga. Ŵanthu ŵakawopa kuti nthenda nga ni [[cholera]] zikathandazgika k..." 120432 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The silent highwayman.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kununkha Kukuru kwa London]]''' kukaŵa suzgo ku [[London]] mu 1858 apo [[River Thames|Mlonga wa Thames]] ukaŵa wakuzura na vinthu vyakufuma mu vyakuya. Nyengo yakotcha na kusowa kwa mphepo vikapangiska kuti kununkha kuŵe kukuru chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakafumba kuti munthu waleke kufuma pafupi na mlonga. Ŵanthu ŵakawopa kuti nthenda nga ni [[cholera]] zikathandazgika kufuma mu madzi ghakavunda. Ŵalembi na ŵakujambula ŵakayowoya nkhani iyi, ndipo [[Punch (magazine)|Punch]] yikajambula mlonga nga ni munthu uyo wakupereka nthenda kwa London. [[Queen Victoria]] na [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] ŵakayezga kwenda mu boti pa Thames kweni ŵakaleka mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha kununkha. Suzgo ili likachitiska ŵalongozgi kupanga ntchito yikuru ya [[Joseph Bazalgette]] ya kumanga [[London sewerage system|mapeleŵe ghaphya gha vyakuya]]. Ntchito iyi yikasintha London na kuchepeska suzgo la vyakuya mu mlonga. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo kununkha kwakofya kungawovwira kusintha kwa msumba. ([[Kununkha Kukuru kwa London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> fj3wtsimh0hbyusrd4pq7yupk6zsm2f 4 48937 120434 2026-09-01T00:50:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Picture showing Ottoman Forces advance to Caransebes.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Karánsebes]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska mu nkhondo za [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] mu 1788 apo ŵasilikari ŵa Austria ŵakawomberana ŵekha usiku pambere [[Ottoman Empire|ŴaOttoman]] ŵandafike. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pantchito ya kusanda ŵakasangana na ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga [[alcohol|mowa]], ndipo mphindano..." 120434 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Picture showing Ottoman Forces advance to Caransebes.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Karánsebes]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska mu nkhondo za [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] mu 1788 apo ŵasilikari ŵa Austria ŵakawomberana ŵekha usiku pambere [[Ottoman Empire|ŴaOttoman]] ŵandafike. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pantchito ya kusanda ŵakasangana na ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga [[alcohol|mowa]], ndipo mphindano yikamba. Apo ŵanyake ŵakafika na mfuti, ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga kuti ŴaOttoman ŵiza, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵakawomberanga mu chinyengo. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kutimbana ŵekha, ndipo chisokonezo chikakura mu msasa wose. Icho chikuyowoyeka mwakukwana ntchakuti Austria yikataya [[Karánsebes]] pambere nkhondo yeneko yindambe. ŴaOttoman pamanyuma ŵakapoka msumba. Nkhani iyi yikutchuka chifukwa cha umo mantha, mowa na kusoŵa kwa kuyowoyana vingapangiska ŵasilikari kutimbana ŵekha. Kweni ŵakuti malipoti gha nyifwa masauzandi ghanyake ghangaŵa ghakukwezgeka chomene. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti chisokonezo mu nkhondo chingapangiska ŵasilikari kuwomberana ŵekha kwambura mulwani. ([[Nkhondo ya Karánsebes|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> bg7q3p8cwb5xoop1z3mm6vakrdjw54f 4 48938 120435 2026-09-01T00:52:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aeschylus.djvu|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyifwa ya Aeschylus]]''' yikaŵa nkhani yakuzizwiska ya mulembi wa maseŵero gha ku [[Ancient Greece|Greece yakale]] [[Aeschylus]], uyo wakumanyikwa nga ni yumoza mwa ŵabambo ŵa [[Greek tragedy|maseŵero gha masoka gha Greek]]. Mu 456 panji 455 BC, Aeschylus wakafwira ku [[Gela]], [[Sicily]]. Malinga na wolemba wa nyengo ya Ŵaroma [[Valerius Maximus]], [[eagle]] yikagwira tortoise..." 120435 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aeschylus.djvu|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyifwa ya Aeschylus]]''' yikaŵa nkhani yakuzizwiska ya mulembi wa maseŵero gha ku [[Ancient Greece|Greece yakale]] [[Aeschylus]], uyo wakumanyikwa nga ni yumoza mwa ŵabambo ŵa [[Greek tragedy|maseŵero gha masoka gha Greek]]. Mu 456 panji 455 BC, Aeschylus wakafwira ku [[Gela]], [[Sicily]]. Malinga na wolemba wa nyengo ya Ŵaroma [[Valerius Maximus]], [[eagle]] yikagwira [[tortoise]] na kuyiponya pasi kuti iphwanye chipolopolo, kweni yikaghanaghana kuti mutu wa Aeschylus uwo wakaŵa wambura sisi ukaŵa jiwe. Kamba ka chiwo chikafika pa mutu wake ndipo chikamukoma. [[Pliny the Elder]] wakasazgirapo kuti Aeschylus wakagona panja chifukwa cha uchimi wakuti wazamukomeka na chinthu chakugwa. Aeschylus wakaŵa na chikoka chikuru pa maseŵero gha ku Greece. Nkhani ya nyifwa yake yikupitilira kumanyikwa chifukwa cha chinthu chambura kuzolowereka chomene. Chiŵeŵe ichi chingawa nthano, kweni chikalembeka mu mabuku gha kale. ([[Nyifwa ya Aeschylus|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qdi6b38elllkpiiahhttgr3mgizqe1c 120438 120435 2026-09-01T00:53:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120438 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The manor house of Toten Hall - 1813.gif|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula cha Mowa cha London]]''' chikachitika pa 17 Okutobala 1814 ku [[London]] apo thanki yikuru ya mowa ku [[Meux's Brewery]] yikabomoka. Thanki iyi yikaŵa na mowa wakuchuluka chomene, ndipo apo yikabomoka, mowa ukapangiska mafunde agho ghakapasuka mu misewu ya [[St Giles, London|St Giles]]. Nyumba zinandi zikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu 8 ŵakafwa. Ŵanyake mwa awo ŵakafwa ŵakaŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa pa kulilira mwana mu nyumba yapafupi. Khoti pamanyuma likati nyifwa zikaŵa ngozi kwambura mulandu wa munthu. Kampani ya brewery yikakhala pafupi na kuparanyika chifukwa cha ndalama, kweni yikapona. Ngozi iyi yikawovwira kuti makampani gha mowa ghaleke kugwiliskira ntchito matanki ghakuru gha nkhuni nga umo yikaŵira kale. Chochitika ichi chikusimikizgira kuti ngozi zinaŵa zachilendo kweni zingaŵa zakofya chomene ku ŵanthu ŵa msumba. Matanki ghakuru ghakamba kuŵoneka nga ni ngozi ku ŵanthu. ([[Chigumula cha Mowa cha London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0bsttd44a2kv4yp9p30qp4dkytktb6p 4 48939 120436 2026-09-01T00:52:48Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Kentucky meat shower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Vula ya Nyama ya Kentucky]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska chomene ku [[Kentucky]], [[United States]], pa 3 Malichi 1876. Ŵanthu ŵa pa famu ya Crouch ŵakayowoya kuti vipindi vya nyama vikawa kuchokera kuchanya na kugwa pasi nga ni vula. Ŵanyake awo ŵakaviwona ŵakata vipindi ivi, ndipo nyengo yira nkhani iyi yikalembeka na [[Scientific American]] na The New York T..." 120436 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Kentucky meat shower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Vula ya Nyama ya Kentucky]]''' yikaŵa chochitika chakuzizwiska chomene ku [[Kentucky]], [[United States]], pa 3 Malichi 1876. Ŵanthu ŵa pa famu ya Crouch ŵakayowoya kuti vipindi vya nyama vikawa kuchokera kuchanya na kugwa pasi nga ni vula. Ŵanyake awo ŵakaviwona ŵakata vipindi ivi, ndipo nyengo yira nkhani iyi yikalembeka na [[Scientific American]] na [[The New York Times]]. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakapeleka mazgu ghakupambanapambana pa icho chikaŵa, kweni chifukwa cheneko chichali chambura kusimikizgika. Ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti chikaŵa [[Nostoc]], mtundu wa cyanobacteria, apo ŵanyake ŵakaghanaghana kuti wakaŵa [[vulture]] uyo wakaponyanga nyama yakafukuka pamanyuma pa kusanza. Mazuŵa ghano, nthowa ya “vulture vomiting” ndiyo yikuwoneka nga yikupereka ulongozgi wakupulikikwa chomene. Mu 2004, sample ya nyama yikasangikaso ku [[Transylvania University]]. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti zochitika zachilendo zingakhalira mu malipoti gha nyuzipepala na kufufuza kwa ŵasayansi. ([[Mvula ya Nyama ya Kentucky|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> tk9dixoorvn8104f6oe5qucypa2v1rd 120437 120436 2026-09-01T00:53:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120437 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Nelson's Column during the Great Smog of 1952.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mphunga Mukuru wa London]]''' ukaŵa suzgo la mpweya uwo ukazaza [[London]] mu Disembala 1952. Kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, mphepo yikazakhala pachoko ndipo utsi kufuma ku mafakitale, makala gha mu nyumba na magalimoto ukasazgikana na nkhungu. Mphunga uyu ukaŵa wakukhora mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kuwona nthowa, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakafunikira kuŵika ŵanthu ŵa pa maso kuti ŵalute. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kufwa chifukwa cha nthenda za kupuma, ndipo kafukufuku wakufika pamanyuma ukati nyifwa zikakwera chomene mu masabata agha. Chiŵelengero cha nyifwa za nyengo yakulondezgapo chikayezgekanga pa 12,000. Chochitika ichi chikasinthaso malango gha [[air pollution|kuphala mpweya]]. Chochitika ichi chikawovwira ŵalongozgi kumanya kuti mpweya wakuvunda nawo ungaŵa ngozi yikuru ku umoyo wa ŵanthu. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti kuvunda kwa mpweya kungakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kwambura nkhondo panji ngozi ya mwamabuchi. ([[Mphunga Mukuru wa London|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ew75wncmpz819t3qpxy2sb3683il77p 120439 120437 2026-09-01T00:53:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 120439 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Defenestration of Prague of 1618.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kufumiskika pa Mawindo gha Prague]]''' ni zina la vinthu vitatu vya nkhondo na ndale mu [[Prague]] apo ŵanthu ŵakaponya ŵalongozgi kufuma pa mawindo. Chochitika chakumanyikwa chomene chikachitika mu 1618 apo ŵanthu ŵa [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ŵakaponyera ŵalongozgi ŵaŵiri ŵa ufumu na mlembi wawo kufuma pa windo la [[Prague Castle]]. Ichi chikapangiska [[Thirty Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 30]], nkhondo yikuru iyo yikafika mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Europe. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti ŵanthu awo ŵakaponyeka ŵakafwa yayi; ŵakaŵa ŵachali na umoyo chifukwa ŵakawira pa dothi lakuzara na vyakuya. Chochitika chakwamba chikachitika mu 1419, chachiŵiri mu 1483, ndipo chachitatu mu 1618. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti chochitika chimoza cha ndale chingayambiska nkhondo yikuru mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Europe. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti kusintha kungawovwira kuthetsa mphindano za ufumu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakawona chochitika ichi nga ntchambura kuzolowereka. ([[Kufumiskika pa Mawindo gha Prague|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hw97auuv36sny40jsm2vaelp35slp8f 4 48940 120440 2026-09-01T00:55:31Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Monoun.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ziwa la Monoun]]''' ni [[ziwa la volcano]] ku [[Cameroon]] ilo likamanyikwa chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mpweya mu 1984. Pa 15 Ogasiti chaka ichi, pafupi na ŵanthu 37 ŵakafwa apo maji gha pasi pa ziwa ghakafumiska [[carbon dioxide|mpweya wa carbon dioxide]] mwamabuchi. Mpweya uyu ukaŵa wakulemera kuluska mphepo ya kawaida, ntheura ukathira pasi mu malo ghakuzungulira ziwa ndipo ŵant..." 120440 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Monoun.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ziwa la Monoun]]''' ni [[ziwa la volcano]] ku [[Cameroon]] ilo likamanyikwa chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mpweya mu 1984. Pa 15 Ogasiti chaka ichi, pafupi na ŵanthu 37 ŵakafwa apo maji gha pasi pa ziwa ghakafumiska [[carbon dioxide|mpweya wa carbon dioxide]] mwamabuchi. Mpweya uyu ukaŵa wakulemera kuluska mphepo ya kawaida, ntheura ukathira pasi mu malo ghakuzungulira ziwa ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa chifukwa cha kusowa mpweya. Chochitika ichi chikaŵa chimoza mwa [[maphulikiro gha mpweya wa mu ziwa]] ghakumanyikwa mu nyengo ya mazuŵa ghano. Pa nyifwa iyi, ŵakufufuza ŵakamanya kuti maji gha pasi pa nyanja za volcano ghangasunga carbon dioxide wakuzara. Ngozi iyi yikawovwira ŵasayansi kunozga nthowa za kupima na kufumiska mpweya ku maji gha pasi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rt6mpyd5qkdg1gclim17vk1hxm9t0mu 4 48941 120441 2026-09-01T00:55:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Doner Kebab.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyama ya Döner]]''' ni chakurya cha [[Turkey]] icho nyama yikuŵikika pa chinthu chakuzungulira na kutentheka pachanya pa moto. Njira iyi yikamba mu [[Ufumu wa Ottoman]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 19, ndipo yikasambazgika ku vigaŵa vinyake vya charu. Nyama yikuŵikika mu mphumphu yakuzungulira ndipo munthu wakudula vipindi kufuma pa mphepete apo vikuphya. Döner yikazgoka chakurya chakumanyi..." 120441 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Doner Kebab.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyama ya Döner]]''' ni chakurya cha [[Turkey]] icho nyama yikuŵikika pa chinthu chakuzungulira na kutentheka pachanya pa moto. Njira iyi yikamba mu [[Ufumu wa Ottoman]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 19, ndipo yikasambazgika ku vigaŵa vinyake vya charu. Nyama yikuŵikika mu mphumphu yakuzungulira ndipo munthu wakudula vipindi kufuma pa mphepete apo vikuphya. Döner yikazgoka chakurya chakumanyikwa chomene mu [[Germany]], chomenechomene mu [[West Berlin]], uko ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku [[Turkey]] ŵakawovwira kupanga sandwich ya mazuŵa ghano mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970. Chakurya ichi chili na vinyake nga ni [[shawarma]], [[gyros]] na [[al pastor]]. Lero, Döner yikuphikika na nyama ya ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa panji nkhuku ndipo yikudyeka mu vyaru vinandi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0xm5bhqswmbjis4212jgy7omg1iu0lc 4 48942 120442 2026-09-01T00:55:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fire in Rome.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto Mukuru wa Rome]]''' ukamba pa usiku wa 18–19 Julayi 64 AD mu [[Rome yakale]]. Moto ukamba pafupi na [[Circus Maximus]] ndipo ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro mu misewu yidoko na nyumba zakuzengeka pafupi pafupi. Ukapya kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, ndipo pamanyuma ukayambaso kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya msumba vikaparanyika. Ŵanthu ŵakathawira ku malo..." 120442 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fire in Rome.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto Mukuru wa Rome]]''' ukamba pa usiku wa 18–19 Julayi 64 AD mu [[Rome yakale]]. Moto ukamba pafupi na [[Circus Maximus]] ndipo ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro mu misewu yidoko na nyumba zakuzengeka pafupi pafupi. Ukapya kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, ndipo pamanyuma ukayambaso kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya msumba vikaparanyika. Ŵanthu ŵakathawira ku malo ghalala panji kufuma mu msumba, apo ŵanyake ŵakayezga kuponoska katundu wawo. [[Nero]] wakaŵa ku [[Antium]] apo moto ukamba. Pamanyuma, malipoti ghanyake ghakuti Nero wakaŵika mulandu pa [[Ŵakhristu]], kweni ŵakufukura ŵa mbiri ŵakukayikira umo malipoti agha ghakulongosolera chochitika. Moto uwu ukapangiska kujenga so nyumba na kusintha malango gha kapangidwe ka msumba. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0gfevy4q850mw6e70umsa6wri8btv23 4 48943 120443 2026-09-01T00:56:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Boston Tea Party-Cooper.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chochitika cha Tiyi cha Boston]]''' chikachitika pa 16 Disembala 1773 mu [[Boston]], apo ŵanthu ŵa [[Thirteen Colonies|makoloni gha Britain]] ŵakaponya mabokosi gha [[tiyi]] mu doko. Ŵakachita ivi kuphalazga [[Dango la Tiyi]], ilo likapereka nkhongono ku [[British East India Company|Kampani ya Britain ya East India]] kuguliska tiyi mu America ndipo likasunganga msonkho..." 120443 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Boston Tea Party-Cooper.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chochitika cha Tiyi cha Boston]]''' chikachitika pa 16 Disembala 1773 mu [[Boston]], apo ŵanthu ŵa [[Thirteen Colonies|makoloni gha Britain]] ŵakaponya mabokosi gha [[tiyi]] mu doko. Ŵakachita ivi kuphalazga [[Dango la Tiyi]], ilo likapereka nkhongono ku [[British East India Company|Kampani ya Britain ya East India]] kuguliska tiyi mu America ndipo likasunganga msonkho. Ŵanyake ŵakavwara nga ni ŵanthu ŵa [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] kuti ŵabise mazina ghawo. Ŵakakwera sitima usiku, ŵakafungura mabokosi na kuponya tiyi mu maji. Chochitika ichi chikakwezga mphindano pakati pa Britain na makoloni ndipo chikawovwira kuyambiska [[Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira ya America]]. Britain yikazgora na [[Malango Ghakuzhangika]], agho ghakakwizga chomene mphindano. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo katundu wa msonkho wakazgokera chimanyikwiro cha nkhondo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> h4svi4x0ns6hm0saug09gu37rx1myl5 4 48944 120444 2026-09-01T00:56:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Blizzard 1888 Grand Central NY.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mkuntho Mukuru wa Chipale wa 1888]]''' ukaŵa chimphepo chikuru chomene icho chikakhwaska [[Northeastern United States|kumpoto-kumafumiro gha America]] pa 12–14 Malichi 1888. [[New York City]] yikazura na chipale chambura kujowoka, ndipo chimphepo chikafika pa nkhongono ya makilomita 100 pa ora. Mzere wa [[njanji]] ukajala, [[telegraph|matelegraph]] ghakagwa, ndip..." 120444 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Blizzard 1888 Grand Central NY.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mkuntho Mukuru wa Chipale wa 1888]]''' ukaŵa chimphepo chikuru chomene icho chikakhwaska [[Northeastern United States|kumpoto-kumafumiro gha America]] pa 12–14 Malichi 1888. [[New York City]] yikazura na chipale chambura kujowoka, ndipo chimphepo chikafika pa nkhongono ya makilomita 100 pa ora. Mzere wa [[njanji]] ukajala, [[telegraph|matelegraph]] ghakagwa, ndipo misewu yikazura na chipale mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakatondeka kwenda. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 400 ŵakafwa mu chigaŵa chose chifukwa cha kuzizima, ngozi na kugwa kwa nyumba. Mkuntho uwu ukawovwira ŵalongozgi kuwona kukhumbikwa kwa kuŵika matelegraph na vinyake pasi pa dothi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kulongozga kuti misewu na mayendedwe gha mu mizinda ghalongozgeke makora pambere chimphepo chikuru chindize. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> btpa5otr6ef12zxi9lh1njo9h96jn7u 4 48945 120445 2026-09-01T00:56:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1816 summer.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Chaka Chambura Chilimwe]]''' chikaŵa chaka cha 1816 apo vigaŵa vinandi vya [[Europe]] na [[North America|kumpoto kwa America]] vikakumana na kuzizima kwambura kulindizgika. Chifukwa chikuru chikaŵa kuphulika kwa [[Phiri la Tambora]] mu [[Indonesia]] mu 1815, uko kukaponyera phulusa na vinthu vya sulfur mu mlengalenga. Mu 1816, nyengo yikaŵa na chisanu, vula na kutentha pachoko, nd..." 120445 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1816 summer.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Chaka Chambura Chilimwe]]''' chikaŵa chaka cha 1816 apo vigaŵa vinandi vya [[Europe]] na [[North America|kumpoto kwa America]] vikakumana na kuzizima kwambura kulindizgika. Chifukwa chikuru chikaŵa kuphulika kwa [[Phiri la Tambora]] mu [[Indonesia]] mu 1815, uko kukaponyera phulusa na vinthu vya sulfur mu mlengalenga. Mu 1816, nyengo yikaŵa na chisanu, vula na kutentha pachoko, ndipo vyakurya vikamba kupereŵa. Ŵalimi ŵakataya mbewu ndipo mitengo ya vyakurya yikakwera. Mu [[Switzerland]], nyengo ya vula na kuzizira yikawovwira [[Mary Shelley]] kukhala mu nyumba kwambura kufuma, ndipo wakamba kulemba [[Frankenstein]]. Chaka ichi chikulongora kuti kuphulika kwa [[volcano|phiri la moto]] ku malo ghakutali kungakhwaska nyengo na umoyo wa ŵanthu pa charu chose. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> iml16l64y2y0xoulep0pzm79hg91fwz 4 48946 120446 2026-09-01T00:56:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The demon core.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pachimake cha Demon]]''' chikaŵa chinthu cha [[plutonium]] icho chikagwiliskirika ntchito pa kafukufuku wa [[vifwo vya nyukiliyala]] ku [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. Mu 1945, [[Harry Daghlian]] wakakhwaskika na radiation ndipo wakafwa pamanyuma pa ngozi ya yesero. Mu 1946, [[Louis Slotin]] nayo wakakhwaskika na radiation apo ŵakachitanga yesero ilo likalongoranga pafupi na..." 120446 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The demon core.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Pachimake cha Demon]]''' chikaŵa chinthu cha [[plutonium]] icho chikagwiliskirika ntchito pa kafukufuku wa [[vifwo vya nyukiliyala]] ku [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. Mu 1945, [[Harry Daghlian]] wakakhwaskika na radiation ndipo wakafwa pamanyuma pa ngozi ya yesero. Mu 1946, [[Louis Slotin]] nayo wakakhwaskika na radiation apo ŵakachitanga yesero ilo likalongoranga pafupi na nyengo ya [[criticality]]. Slotin wakafwa mazuŵa 9 pamanyuma. Chinthu ichi chikapokera zina lakuti “Demon core” chifukwa cha nyifwa ziŵiri izo zikachitika nacho. Ngozi izi zikapangiska kusintha kwa malango gha chitetezo pa kafukufuku wa nyukiliyala, ndipo zikakhala chikumbusko cha ngozi ya kugwiliskira ntchito vinthu vya radiation mwambura chenjezgo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hfk9d67nutx0fnylkw427m6pgd6zcig 4 48947 120447 2026-09-01T00:56:47Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Vowel Shift.svg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kusinthika Kukuru kwa Mavawelo]]''' ni kusintha kukuru kwa umo [[mavawelo]] gha [[Chingelezi]] ghakayowoyekeranga pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1400 na 1600. Pa nyengo iyi, mavawelo ghanandi ghakasintha kuyowoyeka, ndipo ichi chikovwira kulongosora chifukwa chake kulemba kwa Chingelezi lero kukupambana chomene na umo mazgu ghakuyowoyekera. Ŵakufufuza ŵali na maghanoghano ghakupamba..." 120447 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Vowel Shift.svg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kusinthika Kukuru kwa Mavawelo]]''' ni kusintha kukuru kwa umo [[mavawelo]] gha [[Chingelezi]] ghakayowoyekeranga pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1400 na 1600. Pa nyengo iyi, mavawelo ghanandi ghakasintha kuyowoyeka, ndipo ichi chikovwira kulongosora chifukwa chake kulemba kwa Chingelezi lero kukupambana chomene na umo mazgu ghakuyowoyekera. Ŵakufufuza ŵali na maghanoghano ghakupambanapambana pa chifukwa cheneko cha kusintha uku. Ŵanyake ŵakukhazikika pa kusamukira kwa ŵanthu, kusangana kwa matcharata gha mazgu, panji mazgu ghakufuma ku [[Chifurenchi]]. Palije ukaboni umoza uwo uli kusimikizgika. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo [[chiyowoyero]] chingasintha mwapachokopachoko kweni kufika mu chiyowoyero chose. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> btvqbtn3iu5y6s4hk38w2pmgf663med 4 48948 120448 2026-09-01T00:58:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Sheffield Flood.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha Sheffield]]''' chikaŵa soka ilo likachitika pa 11 Malichi 1864 ku [[Sheffield]], England, apo [[Dale Dyke Dam|Damu la Dale Dyke]] likabomoka apo dambo lake likazura maji kakwamba. Maji pafupifupi 3 miliyoni cubic metres ghakapara mu [[Loxley Valley|Loxley Valley]] na kuluta ku Sheffield. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 240 ŵakafwa ndipo nyumba zakujumpha 600 zika..." 120448 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great Sheffield Flood.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha Sheffield]]''' chikaŵa soka ilo likachitika pa 11 Malichi 1864 ku [[Sheffield]], England, apo [[Dale Dyke Dam|Damu la Dale Dyke]] likabomoka apo dambo lake likazura maji kakwamba. Maji pafupifupi 3 miliyoni cubic metres ghakapara mu [[Loxley Valley|Loxley Valley]] na kuluta ku Sheffield. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 240 ŵakafwa ndipo nyumba zakujumpha 600 zikaparanyika panji kupwetekeka. Chikaŵa chakuzizwiska chifukwa mphaka yikabomoka mwamabuchi apo ŵanthu ŵakagona. Chifukwa cha soka ili, ŵakufufuza ŵakamba kusanda makora kapangidwe ka madamu na malango gha chitetezo. [[Dale Dyke Dam|Damu la Dale Dyke]] likazengeka so mu 1875. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo suzgo lichoko mu dambo lingasanduka chigumula chikuru na kuparanya chigaŵa chose mu maora ghachoko. Ŵakukumbuka soka ili chifukwa chikaŵa chimoza mwa viyelezgero vyakale vya ngozi za madamu. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q20ro9e63tufmrvp6n6bo9v5ud7lhrl 4 48949 120449 2026-09-01T00:58:40Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Johnstown Main Street 1889 flood.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula cha Johnstown]]''' chikaŵa soka likuru la maji ilo likachitika pa 31 Meyi 1889 ku [[Pennsylvania]], United States. [[South Fork Dam|Damu la South Fork]] likabomoka pamanyuma pa vula yikuru, ndipo maji pafupifupi 14.5 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira ku [[Johnstown]] mwankhongono. Mafunde ghakaŵa ghankhongono chomene mwakuti ghakaŵa pafupi na maji ghak..." 120449 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Johnstown Main Street 1889 flood.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula cha Johnstown]]''' chikaŵa soka likuru la maji ilo likachitika pa 31 Meyi 1889 ku [[Pennsylvania]], United States. [[South Fork Dam|Damu la South Fork]] likabomoka pamanyuma pa vula yikuru, ndipo maji pafupifupi 14.5 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira ku [[Johnstown]] mwankhongono. Mafunde ghakaŵa ghankhongono chomene mwakuti ghakaŵa pafupi na maji ghakuyenda pa [[Mlonga wa Mississippi]]. Ŵanthu 2,208 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵanandi ŵakasowa nyumba. Ŵanthu ŵakakumana na vinthu vyakukhora, mizinda ya matabwa na moto uwo ukamba pakati pa mabwinja. Soka ili likapangiska mphindano pa udindo wa ŵeneko ŵa dambo, chomenechomene chifukwa ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti dambo likakhumbikwanga kusamalirika makora. Lero, [[Chikumbusko cha Chigumula cha Johnstown]] yikukumbukira ŵakufwa na kusambizga ŵalendo za soka ili. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhwaskika na maji agha. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> kg87io82ed8j4n2l51r5203qwy3eiwb 4 48950 120450 2026-09-01T00:58:49Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1927 Mississippi flood Mounds-Cairo IL highway.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha Mississippi cha 1927]]''' chikaŵa chimoza mwa masoka ghakuru chomene gha maji mu mbiri ya [[United States|America]]. Chikamba mu 1926 ndipo chikathandazgika mu 1927 apo [[Mlonga wa Mississippi]] na milonga yinyake zikafuma mu mphaka zawo. Vigaŵa vikuru vya [[Arkansas]], [[Mississippi]] na [[Louisiana]] vikazura na maji, ndipo..." 120450 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1927 Mississippi flood Mounds-Cairo IL highway.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha Mississippi cha 1927]]''' chikaŵa chimoza mwa masoka ghakuru chomene gha maji mu mbiri ya [[United States|America]]. Chikamba mu 1926 ndipo chikathandazgika mu 1927 apo [[Mlonga wa Mississippi]] na milonga yinyake zikafuma mu mphaka zawo. Vigaŵa vikuru vya [[Arkansas]], [[Mississippi]] na [[Louisiana]] vikazura na maji, ndipo charu cha pafupifupi square kilometres 70,000 chikakhwaskika. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 500 ŵakafwa, apo ŵakujumpha 630,000 ŵakakhwaskika mwakudunjika. Nyumba, minda na misewu vikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakasamukira ku malo ghakupona. Soka ili likasintha ndondomeko za America pa kuvikilira ku chigumula, ndipo boma likamba kupereka ndalama zinandi ku ntchito za [[levee|ma levee]], madamu na kuvikilira malo ghakukhala ŵanthu. Mazuŵa ghano mafoto gha nyengo yira ghakulongora misewu, magalimoto na nyumba mu maji, ndipo ghakupereka ukaboni wakuwoneka wa ukuru wa suzgo ilo ŵanthu ŵakakumana nalo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q9w8pw47gjz9p0rp8vm37whsv7wyjkl 4 48951 120451 2026-09-01T00:59:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:K Street, Inundation of the State Capitol, City of Sacramento, 1862.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha 1862]]''' chikaŵa chigumula chikuru chomene icho chikakhwaska [[California]], [[Oregon]] na [[Nevada]] pakati pa Disembala 1861 na Janyuwale 1862. Vula na chisanu vikawira kwa masabata ghanandi, ndipo pamanyuma kutentha kukasungunula chisanu chambiri mu mapiri. Maji ghakathira mu madambo na mizinda, ndipo [..." 120451 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:K Street, Inundation of the State Capitol, City of Sacramento, 1862.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chigumula Chikuru cha 1862]]''' chikaŵa chigumula chikuru chomene icho chikakhwaska [[California]], [[Oregon]] na [[Nevada]] pakati pa Disembala 1861 na Janyuwale 1862. Vula na chisanu vikawira kwa masabata ghanandi, ndipo pamanyuma kutentha kukasungunula chisanu chambiri mu mapiri. Maji ghakathira mu madambo na mizinda, ndipo [[Sacramento]] yikazura mwakuti ŵanthu ŵakwendanga mu maboti pakati pa misewu. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 4,000 ŵakaghanaghanika kuti ŵakafwa, chomenechomene mu California. Chuma cha charu chikakhwaskika, ndipo boma likatondeka kulipira ŵantchito kwa nyengo yitali. Ŵakusanda nyengo ŵakuti chigumula cha mtundu uwu chingachitikaso. Chochitika ichi ntchimoza mwa viyelezgero vikuru vya umo [[mphepo ya maji|nyengo yakofya]] yingasintha malo ghakukhala ŵanthu na kukhwaske chuma cha chigaŵa chose. Ŵakufufuza ŵa nyengo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mbiri iyi pakuwona umo ma megaflood ghakale ghangawovwira kupulikiska ngozi za nyengo zikuru mu nyengo yithu ya mazuŵa ghano. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5bfxtx57lib2fx4hi3fl2dksyhdctqb 4 48952 120452 2026-09-01T00:59:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great boston fire downtown.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto Mukuru wa Boston wa 1872]]''' ndiyo moto ukuru mu mbiri ya [[Boston]], Massachusetts. Ukamba pa 9 Novembala 1872 pa Summer Street ndipo ukapya kwa maora pafupifupi 16. Moto ukaparanya ma acre pafupifupi 65 gha msumba, kusazgapo chigaŵa chikuru cha malo gha malonda. Nyumba 776 zikaparanyika, ndipo ndalama za kuparanyika zikayezgekanga pa madola 73.5 miliyoni gha ny..." 120452 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Great boston fire downtown.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto Mukuru wa Boston wa 1872]]''' ndiyo moto ukuru mu mbiri ya [[Boston]], Massachusetts. Ukamba pa 9 Novembala 1872 pa Summer Street ndipo ukapya kwa maora pafupifupi 16. Moto ukaparanya ma acre pafupifupi 65 gha msumba, kusazgapo chigaŵa chikuru cha malo gha malonda. Nyumba 776 zikaparanyika, ndipo ndalama za kuparanyika zikayezgekanga pa madola 73.5 miliyoni gha nyengo yira. Ŵanthu 26 mpaka 30 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo ŵazimayi ŵa moto ŵakujumpha 11. Ŵakuzimya moto ŵakasuzgika chifukwa cha misewu yidoko, nyumba zakupangira vinthu na kusowa kwa maji. Pamanyuma pa moto, Boston yikasintha malango gha kuzenga na nthowa za kuzimya moto. Moto uwu ukawovwira kusintha umo ŵanthu ŵakayezgeranga ngozi za moto mu mizinda yakukura, chomenechomene pa kuŵika maji, ŵazimaji na nthowa zakufumira mwaluŵiro. Ŵanthu ŵakazengaso msumba. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mqja8al6ffxj1urno5b3tqqw2tp8bpo 4 48953 120453 2026-09-01T00:59:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1871-peshtigo-fire-historical-events-u2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto wa Peshtigo]]''' ukachitika pa 8 Okutobala 1871 mu [[Wisconsin]], pa zuŵa ilo ilo [[Moto Mukuru wa Chicago]] ukachitikaso. Kweni moto wa Peshtigo ukaŵa wakofya chomene chifukwa ukawa [[moto wa nkhalango]] ukuru chomene mu mbiri ya United States. Moto ukaparanya pafupifupi ma acre 1.2 miliyoni ndipo ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha donda, mphepo..." 120453 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1871-peshtigo-fire-historical-events-u2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Moto wa Peshtigo]]''' ukachitika pa 8 Okutobala 1871 mu [[Wisconsin]], pa zuŵa ilo ilo [[Moto Mukuru wa Chicago]] ukachitikaso. Kweni moto wa Peshtigo ukaŵa wakofya chomene chifukwa ukawa [[moto wa nkhalango]] ukuru chomene mu mbiri ya United States. Moto ukaparanya pafupifupi ma acre 1.2 miliyoni ndipo ukathandazgika mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha donda, mphepo yikuru na nkhuni zinandi. Chiŵelengero cha ŵakufwa chikukambirana, kweni chikuyerekezgeka pakati pa 1,200 na 2,500. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakazama mu [[Mlonga wa Peshtigo]] kuti ŵajiponoskere ku malawi. Pamanyuma, malo ghanandi ghakazgoka mabwinja. Nangauli Chicago ndiyo yikapokera mazgu ghanandi mu nyuzipepala, Peshtigo ndiyo yikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa moto wa nyengo yira. Ŵapona ŵakayowoya kuti moto ukaŵa na nyengo zakukwata matalala gha moto, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakawona moto ukuŵa nga ni chimphepo chakuzungulira pa charu. Chiŵeŵe ichi chikaleka ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuzizwika. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5mt0vzh707k3y8cnwuu82zf3v493cn0 4 48954 120454 2026-09-01T00:59:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:New London School explosion.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya New London]]''' likachitika pa 18 Malichi 1937 ku [[New London, Texas]], apo [[gesi yachilengedwe]] yikavuŵa na kuzaza pasi pa sukulu. Ŵasambiri na ŵasambizgi ŵakaŵa mu nyumba yikulu apo gasi yikaphulika na kuparanya sukulu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 294 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵana. Ŵapulovence ŵakafika mwaluŵiro, kweni kumanya awo ŵakaf..." 120454 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:New London School explosion.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya New London]]''' likachitika pa 18 Malichi 1937 ku [[New London, Texas]], apo [[gesi yachilengedwe]] yikavuŵa na kuzaza pasi pa sukulu. Ŵasambiri na ŵasambizgi ŵakaŵa mu nyumba yikulu apo gasi yikaphulika na kuparanya sukulu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 294 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵana. Ŵapulovence ŵakafika mwaluŵiro, kweni kumanya awo ŵakafwa chikaŵa chakusuzga chifukwa cha kuparanyika kwa matupi. Ŵakagwiliskira ntchito [[zala za minwe]] na vinthu vya ŵana pakumanya ŵakufwa. Chisoka ichi chikapangiska kusintha kwa malango gha kugwiliskira ntchito gasi mu nyumba, kusazgapo kuŵika [[mankhwala gha kununkhiska gasi]] kuti vuŵa limanyikwe mwaluŵiro. Nkhani iyi yikulongora suzgo la gasi yambura kuwoneka. Pamanyuma pa soka ili, masukulu ghanandi ghakamba kuŵika malango ghakukhora gha gasi na nthowa za kuwonera vuŵa pambere gasi wandapangiske kuphulika. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbukira ŵana. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> l49zkm23lkv80j32csn4niwoi4mvgbn 4 48955 120455 2026-09-01T00:59:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Quintinshill rail disaster - Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Njanji la Quintinshill]]''' likachitika pa 22 Meyi 1915 pafupi na [[Gretna Green]] ku [[Scotland]]. Sitima ya ŵasilikari ya [[Royal Scots]] yikagundana na sitima zinyake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayendedwe gha njanji na kupuvwa kwa ma signal. Wose ŵakaŵa mu [[Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu]], ndipo sitima ya ŵ..." 120455 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Quintinshill rail disaster - Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Njanji la Quintinshill]]''' likachitika pa 22 Meyi 1915 pafupi na [[Gretna Green]] ku [[Scotland]]. Sitima ya ŵasilikari ya [[Royal Scots]] yikagundana na sitima zinyake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayendedwe gha njanji na kupuvwa kwa ma signal. Wose ŵakaŵa mu [[Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu]], ndipo sitima ya ŵasilikari yikaŵa yakuzura chomene. Wati wagundana, gasi uyo wakagwiliskirika ntchito kuŵaliskira ngolo ukayaka moto. Moto ukaparanya ngolo zinandi ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwa. Ŵakufwa ŵakafika 226, ndipo 246 ŵakapwetekeka. Soka ili likaŵa limoza mwa masoka ghakuru chomene gha njanji mu mbiri ya Britain. Ŵakufufuza ŵakuti soka ili likawovwira kusintha malango gha njanji na kusamalira ma signal. Chifukwa cha soka ili, malango gha chitetezo gha njanji ghakamba kusazgikira mwakuti ngozi za mayendedwe zipunguke. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Scotland ŵakalikumbuka. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1k1re01qchokznjmq1th2kzjzgt2olf 4 48956 120456 2026-09-01T01:00:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bulgarije, SFA002008967.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Galu Wambura Mwini]]''' ni zina linyake la [[Chochitika cha Petrich]], icho chikachitika mu 1925 pakati pa [[Greece]] na [[Bulgaria]]. Suzgo likamba pa mphaka ya vyaru viŵiri apo msilikari wa ku Greece wakawura mzere wa mphaka apo wakalondezganga galu. Ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri ŵakakumana, ndipo chochitika ichi chikapangiska mphindano kukura. Greece yikazgora na ku..." 120456 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bulgarije, SFA002008967.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Galu Wambura Mwini]]''' ni zina linyake la [[Chochitika cha Petrich]], icho chikachitika mu 1925 pakati pa [[Greece]] na [[Bulgaria]]. Suzgo likamba pa mphaka ya vyaru viŵiri apo msilikari wa ku Greece wakawura mzere wa mphaka apo wakalondezganga galu. Ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri ŵakakumana, ndipo chochitika ichi chikapangiska mphindano kukura. Greece yikazgora na kutuma ŵasilikari mu chigaŵa cha Bulgaria. Ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru viŵiri ŵakakumana kwa mazuŵa ghanayi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa mu nkhondo na vivulupi. [[Msonkhano wa Mitundu|Msonkhano wa Mitundu]] ukalangura Greece kufuma ku chigaŵa ichi na kulipira ndalama za kuparanyika. Nkhani iyi yikutchuka chifukwa chakuti chochitika chakwamba chikaŵa galu wakuthawa, kweni chikazgoka suzgo la vyaru viŵiri. Nkhondo yikamalira kwambura kuŵa nkhondo yikuru. Iyi yikulongora umo nkhani yichoko pa mphaka yingasanduka suzgo la ndale apo ŵalongozgi ŵakamba kutumizga ŵasilikari pambere uthenga wandasimikizgike. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 7x30phwl3vnbxuj5gqq6q8bo35u1bho 4 48957 120457 2026-09-01T01:00:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Inland Customs Line India.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Khoma la Minga la ku India]]''' yikaŵa khoma la minga ilo Britain yikakhazikiska mu [[India]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 19 kuti yilondezge na kusonkha [[msonkho wa mchere]]. Khoma ili likapangika na minga, zitsamba na mitengo yakufikanga mamita ghanandi, ndipo likalongozga [[Mzere wa Msonkho wa ku Mkati|mzere wa msonkho]] kufuma kumpoto kwa India kuya pakati pa charu. Ŵalara..." 120457 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Inland Customs Line India.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Khoma la Minga la ku India]]''' yikaŵa khoma la minga ilo Britain yikakhazikiska mu [[India]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 19 kuti yilondezge na kusonkha [[msonkho wa mchere]]. Khoma ili likapangika na minga, zitsamba na mitengo yakufikanga mamita ghanandi, ndipo likalongozga [[Mzere wa Msonkho wa ku Mkati|mzere wa msonkho]] kufuma kumpoto kwa India kuya pakati pa charu. Ŵalara ŵa msonkho ŵakalindanga nthowa zakudumulira mu khoma kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kupuluska. Khoma ili likaŵa lakutalika chomene ndipo likapanga mphaka yakuchitika na vinthu vya chilengedwe. Ŵakufufuza ŵakuti ntchito iyi yikakhwaska ŵanthu awo ŵakasamaliranga msonkho wa mchere. Pamanyuma, malango gha msonkho ghakasinthika ndipo khoma likaleka kugwira ntchito. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo boma likagwiliskira ntchito chilengedwe kupanga mphaka ya msonkho. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti khoma ili lingaŵa lachilengedwe kweni likagwiranga ntchito nga mphaka ya boma, likulekaniska ŵanthu na kuŵika ŵalonda pa malo ghakusonkhapo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 963snrhitd718auhonkiq31ke93ys6z 4 48958 120458 2026-09-01T01:00:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fully intact 17th century ship that has ever been salvaged, the 64-gun warship Vasa (24489785059).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Vasa]]''' yikachitika pa 10 Ogasiti 1628 apo sitima ya nkhondo ya ku [[Suweleńi]] [[Vasa]] yikamira ku [[Stockholm]] pa ulendo wake wakwamba, kweni yikapendama na kuzimira mu maji pambere yindayende makilomita ghaŵiri. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na mizinga 64 ndipo yikapangika kuti yiŵe chimanyikw..." 120458 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fully intact 17th century ship that has ever been salvaged, the 64-gun warship Vasa (24489785059).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Vasa]]''' yikachitika pa 10 Ogasiti 1628 apo sitima ya nkhondo ya ku [[Suweleńi]] [[Vasa]] yikamira ku [[Stockholm]] pa ulendo wake wakwamba, kweni yikapendama na kuzimira mu maji pambere yindayende makilomita ghaŵiri. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na mizinga 64 ndipo yikapangika kuti yiŵe chimanyikwiro cha nkhongono za mfumu [[Gustavus Adolphus]]. Kweni kapangidwe kake, kulemera kuchanya na kusowa kwa kukhazikika vikapangiska kuti yileke kwima makora. Vasa yikakhala pasi pa maji kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 300. Mu 1961, ŵakufukura ŵakayisanga na kuyikwera kufuma mu [[Nyanja ya Baltic]]. Lero yili ku [[Nyumba ya Vasa]], ndipo yikumanyikwa nga ni sitima yakale yikuru chomene iyo yikusungika pafupi wose. Chochitika ichi chikuŵa chakumanyikwa mu mbiri ya uinjiniya wa sitima. Mu nyengo yira, ǁ. ([[Soka la Vasa|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> skljmq34wl307kciyeze0a9hgcsytj6 4 48959 120459 2026-09-01T01:01:07Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Donora Pennsylvania Street Scene mid 1970s.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mphunga wa Donora wa 1948]]''' ukaŵa ngozi ya mpweya iyo yikachitika ku [[Donora]] mu [[America]] mu Okutobala 1948. [[Mphunga]] ukazanga kwa mazuŵa ghankhondi chifukwa cha [[Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya|kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya]], uko kukakolerana utsi kufuma ku mafakitale pafupi na msumba. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kutsokomola, kuleka kup..." 120459 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Donora Pennsylvania Street Scene mid 1970s.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mphunga wa Donora wa 1948]]''' ukaŵa ngozi ya mpweya iyo yikachitika ku [[Donora]] mu [[America]] mu Okutobala 1948. [[Mphunga]] ukazanga kwa mazuŵa ghankhondi chifukwa cha [[Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya|kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya]], uko kukakolerana utsi kufuma ku mafakitale pafupi na msumba. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kutsokomola, kuleka kupuma makora na kuŵa na suzgo la pachifuwa. Ŵanthu 20 ŵakafwa mu nyengo yachoko ndipo pafupifupi 6,000 ŵakalwara. Ŵasayansi ŵakasanga kuti [[sulfur dioxide]] na [[hydrogen fluoride]] vikawovwira kupanga mphunga wakofya. Chochitika ichi chikasazgirako chidziŵitso pa [[Kuphala kwa mpweya|kuvunda kwa mpweya]] na kukhozga malango ghaphya gha chitetezo cha mpweya mu America. Donora yikakhala chinthu chakusambizga umo mafakitale ghangakhwaskira umoyo wa msumba. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kupenja malango ghakukhora gha kuvikilira mpweya mu misumba. Mu nyengo yakulondezgapo. ([[Mphunga wa Donora wa 1948|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> dzqya6z0jr9pcvcu8jtfygyq4pvuhx9 4 48960 120460 2026-09-01T01:01:16Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Peigneur.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Ziwa la Peigneur]]''' likachitika pa 20 Novembala 1980 ku [[Louisiana]] mu [[America]], apo kampani ya mafuta yikabowora pasi pafupi na [[Ziwa la Peigneur]]. Kubowora uku kukagunda mphaka ya [[Kampani ya Mchere ya Diamond Crystal|mgodi wa mchere]], ndipo maji ghakanjilira mu dzenje ilo likapangika. Maji ghakamba kuluta mwaluŵiro mu mgodi, ndipo ziwa lose likasanduka nga ni..." 120460 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Lake Peigneur.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Ziwa la Peigneur]]''' likachitika pa 20 Novembala 1980 ku [[Louisiana]] mu [[America]], apo kampani ya mafuta yikabowora pasi pafupi na [[Ziwa la Peigneur]]. Kubowora uku kukagunda mphaka ya [[Kampani ya Mchere ya Diamond Crystal|mgodi wa mchere]], ndipo maji ghakanjilira mu dzenje ilo likapangika. Maji ghakamba kuluta mwaluŵiro mu mgodi, ndipo ziwa lose likasanduka nga ni [[chimvulungilo cha maji]]. Madzi ghakakhoma mitengo, maboti na malo gha mgodi, ndipo [[Mlonga wa Delcambre]] yikamba kwenda nyuma, chinthu icho chikazgora mlonga uwu kuŵa chigumula cha nyengo yachilendo. Ŵanthu ŵose awo ŵakaŵa pafupi ŵakapona, kweni vinthu vinandi vikaparanyika, kusazgapo mgodi wa mchere na malo ghakulimira. Chochitika ichi ntchakumanyikwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ya ziwa mu maora ghachoko waka. Palije nyifwa za ŵanthu zomwe zikamanyikwa mu soka ili. Ŵanthu ŵakazizwa na kusintha uku chomene. ([[Soka la Ziwa la Peigneur|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ttwrbbi8c7zga53dbj0haa50ebopm9a 4 48961 120461 2026-09-01T01:01:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The SS Eastland Disaster, Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois (9181647188).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Eastland]]''' likachitika pa 24 Julayi 1915 ku [[Chicago]], apo sitima ya ŵalendo [[SS Eastland]] yikapendama na kuzamira uku yikaŵa yikakhomeka ku doko pa [[Mlonga wa Chicago]]. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,500, ndipo yikagwera ku mphepete mwake mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakatondeka..." 120461 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The SS Eastland Disaster, Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois (9181647188).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Eastland]]''' likachitika pa 24 Julayi 1915 ku [[Chicago]], apo sitima ya ŵalendo [[SS Eastland]] yikapendama na kuzamira uku yikaŵa yikakhomeka ku doko pa [[Mlonga wa Chicago]]. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,500, ndipo yikagwera ku mphepete mwake mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kufuma. Ŵanthu 844 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo ŵana na mabanja awo ŵakanozgekanga kuluta ku chikondwelero cha kampani. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti Eastland yikaŵa yikazenga kale kuti yiŵe na kukhazikika kwakukwana chifukwa cha malango ghaphya gha chitetezo cha sitima. Nangauli yikawoneka yakukhora, kulemera kwa ŵanthu ŵanandi pachanya pakapangiska suzgo. Soka ili ndilo nyifwa yikuru chomene ya sitima yimoza pa [[Nyanja Zikuru]]. Lero ŵakukumbukira awo ŵakafwa na vikumbusko vya ku Chicago. Sitima yikapenama mwamabuchi na kugwa ku mphepete mwake. ([[Soka la Eastland|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nitjilz7din17bs3757w0lmyfe9p8vi 4 48962 120462 2026-09-01T01:02:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aberfan disaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Aberfan]]''' likachitika pa 21 Okutobala 1966 ku [[Aberfan]], [[Wales]], apo chinthu chakufuma mu migodi chikaswa na kutelemuka pachanya pa msumba. [[Vula]] yikuru yikazuziska madzi mu mulu wa vyakuya vya migodi, ndipo mulu uwo ukayamba kwenda pasi nga ni [[dongo lakutelemuka]]. Ukaŵa mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ukafika pa [[sukulu]] ya ŵana apo masambiro ghakamba. Ŵana..." 120462 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aberfan disaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Aberfan]]''' likachitika pa 21 Okutobala 1966 ku [[Aberfan]], [[Wales]], apo chinthu chakufuma mu migodi chikaswa na kutelemuka pachanya pa msumba. [[Vula]] yikuru yikazuziska madzi mu mulu wa vyakuya vya migodi, ndipo mulu uwo ukayamba kwenda pasi nga ni [[dongo lakutelemuka]]. Ukaŵa mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ukafika pa [[sukulu]] ya ŵana apo masambiro ghakamba. Ŵana 116 na ŵalara 28 ŵakafwa, ndipo sukulu yikazulika mu vinthu vya migodi. Kafukufuku wa boma wakasanga kuti [[Bungwe la Makampani gha Makala|National Coal Board]] ndiyo yikaŵa na udindo pa soka, chomenechomene chifukwa ŵakazenga mulu pa malo agho pakaŵa kasupe ka maji. Chochitika ichi chikasazgirako malango gha chitetezo mu migodi na kuwoneska kuŵa na udindo pa malo ghakusungirapo vyakuya. Lero chikumbusko cha Aberfan chikukumbukira ŵakufwa. Ŵapona ŵanandi ŵakalutilira kukumbuka ŵana awo ŵakafwa mu soka ili. ([[Soka la Aberfan|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> i3kqlwfgect0qz7ibaugyv82yph0k7n 4 48963 120463 2026-09-01T01:02:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1908 Messina earthquake NH 1177.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chituntulu cha Messina cha 1908]]''' chikaŵa chituntulu chikuru icho chikachitika pa 28 Disembala 1908 mu [[Sicily]] na [[Calabria]]. Chituntulu cha nkhongono pafupifupi 7.1 chikagwiska nyumba zinandi ku [[Messina]] na [[Reggio Calabria]], ndipo [[mafunde ghakuru gha panyanja]] ghakafika pamanyuma pa kutuntuma. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 75,000 ŵakafwa ku Messina na pafu..." 120463 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1908 Messina earthquake NH 1177.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chituntulu cha Messina cha 1908]]''' chikaŵa chituntulu chikuru icho chikachitika pa 28 Disembala 1908 mu [[Sicily]] na [[Calabria]]. Chituntulu cha nkhongono pafupifupi 7.1 chikagwiska nyumba zinandi ku [[Messina]] na [[Reggio Calabria]], ndipo [[mafunde ghakuru gha panyanja]] ghakafika pamanyuma pa kutuntuma. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 75,000 ŵakafwa ku Messina na pafupi, apo ŵanyake 25,000 ŵakafwa ku Calabria. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵakugona apo nyumba zikagwa, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakafwa pasi pa mabwinja kwa mazuŵa. Messina yikaparanyika pafupifupi yose, ndipo matchalitchi, nyumba za boma na madoko vikagwa. Ŵapona ŵakafunikira chakurya na malo ghakugona, ndipo sitima za nkhondo zinandi zikatumizgika kuti zithandizge. Soka ili likakhala chimoza mwa masoka ghakofya chomene gha charu ku Europe ndipo likawovwira ŵasayansi kusambira za chitetezo ku [[vintuntulu vya charu]]. Ŵanthu ŵakakhumbikwira covwiro chakuthukira kwa nyengo yitali pa charu chose. ([[Chituntulu cha Messina cha 1908|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> s3i1zl5m91cn4maou5f6xzbdzol9r93 4 48964 120464 2026-09-01T01:02:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chituntulu cha Lisbon cha 1755]]''' chikaŵa chituntulu chikuru chomene icho chikachitika pa 1 Novembala 1755 ku [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. Chituntulu chikamba pafupi na 9:40 mulenji ndipo chikalondoleka na [[mafunde ghakuru gha panyanja]] na moto uwo ukathandazgika mu msumba. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 40,000 mpaka 50,000 ŵakafwa mu Portugal, Spain na Morocco. [[Lisbon]] yikaparan..." 120464 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chituntulu cha Lisbon cha 1755]]''' chikaŵa chituntulu chikuru chomene icho chikachitika pa 1 Novembala 1755 ku [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. Chituntulu chikamba pafupi na 9:40 mulenji ndipo chikalondoleka na [[mafunde ghakuru gha panyanja]] na moto uwo ukathandazgika mu msumba. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 40,000 mpaka 50,000 ŵakafwa mu Portugal, Spain na Morocco. [[Lisbon]] yikaparanyika pafupifupi yose, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakathawira ku malo ghalala agho ghakaŵa kutali na nyumba zikugwa. Ŵalongozgi ŵakatuma ŵanthu ku madera ghanandi kuti ŵalembere ukuru wa kutuntuma, nyengo yake, nyifwa na umo madzi ghakasinthira. Ntchito iyi yikaŵa yimoza mwa malo ghakwamba gha kufufuza mwandondomeko [[vintuntulu vya charu]] pa chigaŵa chikuru. Nkhani iyi yikawovwira pakwamba kwa [[sayansi ya vintuntulu]] na kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka nyumba. Chochitika ichi chikaŵa chakusambizga pa umo ŵalongozgi ŵangayowoyera mwandondomeko pa masoka ghakuru. ([[Chituntulu cha Lisbon cha 1755|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3fjcwwm903z0hvvzaqwsbsgnwrk61q0 4 48965 120465 2026-09-01T01:02:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Challenger disaster explosion.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Challenger]]''' likachitika pa 28 Janyuwale 1986 apo [[Challenger]] yikaphuka masekondi 73 pamanyuma pakuti yaluta ku mlengalenga. Ŵanthu 7 wose awo ŵakaŵa pa ulendo wa [[STS-51-L]] ŵakafwa. Mu gulu ili mukaŵa [[Christa McAuliffe]], msambizgi uyo wakasankhika mu [[Ntchito ya Msambizgi ku Mlengalenga]] kuti walute ku mlengalenga. Suzgo likachitika chifukw..." 120465 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Challenger disaster explosion.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Challenger]]''' likachitika pa 28 Janyuwale 1986 apo [[Challenger]] yikaphuka masekondi 73 pamanyuma pakuti yaluta ku mlengalenga. Ŵanthu 7 wose awo ŵakaŵa pa ulendo wa [[STS-51-L]] ŵakafwa. Mu gulu ili mukaŵa [[Christa McAuliffe]], msambizgi uyo wakasankhika mu [[Ntchito ya Msambizgi ku Mlengalenga]] kuti walute ku mlengalenga. Suzgo likachitika chifukwa cha [[O-ring|mphete ya O-ring]] ya rocket booster iyo yikagwira makora yayi pa nyengo yakuŵa kuzizima. Gasi wakuthukira wakafuma mu mphaka, ukawononga thanki ya mafuta ndipo ukapangiska ndege kupasuka. Kafukufuku wa [[Komiti ya Rogers]] ukasanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa engineering ŵakachenjezga kale za suzgo la O-ring, kweni maofesi gha NASA ghakalutilira na kuluta. Soka ili likasintha malango gha chitetezo ndipo pulogiramu ya Space Shuttle yikakhala yambura kugwira ntchito kwa vyaka vitatu. Ŵakufufuza ŵakasambirapo kuti chenjezgo la engineering likwenera kupulikikwa na ŵalongozgi. ([[Soka la Challenger|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> tvv7kycqpxr0s00vrdb12j4kz4t7fwa 4 48966 120466 2026-09-01T01:03:54Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The SS Eastland Disaster, Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois (9181647188).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Eastland]]''' likachitika pa 24 Julayi 1915 ku [[Chicago]], apo sitima ya ŵalendo [[SS Eastland]] yikapendama na kuzamira uku yikaŵa yikakhomeka ku doko pa [[Mlonga wa Chicago]]. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,500, ndipo yikagwera ku mphepete mwake mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakatondeka..." 120466 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The SS Eastland Disaster, Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois (9181647188).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Eastland]]''' likachitika pa 24 Julayi 1915 ku [[Chicago]], apo sitima ya ŵalendo [[SS Eastland]] yikapendama na kuzamira uku yikaŵa yikakhomeka ku doko pa [[Mlonga wa Chicago]]. Sitima iyi yikaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,500, ndipo yikagwera ku mphepete mwake mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakatondeka kufuma. Ŵanthu 844 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo ŵana na mabanja awo ŵakanozgekanga kuluta ku chikondwelero cha kampani. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti Eastland yikaŵa yikazenga kale kuti yiŵe na kukhazikika kwakukwana chifukwa cha malango ghaphya gha chitetezo cha sitima. Nangauli yikawoneka yakukhora, kulemera kwa ŵanthu ŵanandi pachanya pakapangiska suzgo. Soka ili ndilo nyifwa yikuru chomene ya sitima yimoza pa [[Nyanja Zikuru]]. Lero ŵakukumbukira awo ŵakafwa na vikumbusko vya ku Chicago. Sitima yikapenama mwamabuchi na kugwa ku mphepete mwake. ([[Soka la Eastland|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nitjilz7din17bs3757w0lmyfe9p8vi 4 48967 120467 2026-09-01T01:04:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Union Carbide pesticide factory, Bhopal, India, 1985.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Bhopal]]''' likachitika usiku wa 2–3 Disembala 1984 ku [[Bhopal]], [[India]], apo gasi wakofya wakumanyikwa kuti [[methyl isocyanate]] wakafuma mufakitale ya [[Kampani ya Union Carbide ku India]]. Gasi wakathandazgika mu malo ghakukhala ŵanthu apo ŵanthu ŵakagona, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakazuka na kutsokomola, kuŵa na suzgo la kupuma pa..." 120467 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Union Carbide pesticide factory, Bhopal, India, 1985.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Bhopal]]''' likachitika usiku wa 2–3 Disembala 1984 ku [[Bhopal]], [[India]], apo gasi wakofya wakumanyikwa kuti [[methyl isocyanate]] wakafuma mufakitale ya [[Kampani ya Union Carbide ku India]]. Gasi wakathandazgika mu malo ghakukhala ŵanthu apo ŵanthu ŵakagona, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakazuka na kutsokomola, kuŵa na suzgo la kupuma panji kukomoka. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 500,000 ŵakakhwaskika, ndipo boma likayowoya kuti ŵanthu 3,787 ŵakafwa mwakudunjika, apo chiŵelengero cha nyifwa za nyengo yitali chikukambikana. Ngozi iyi yikumanyikwa nga ni soka likuru chomene la mafakitale mu mbiri. Kafukufuku wakawonanga suzgo la kusamalira katundu wakofya, kusowa kwa chitetezo na malango ghambura kukwana. Ŵanthu ŵa Bhopal ŵakalutilira kukumana na suzgo la umoyo na malo ghakuvunda kwa vyaka vinandi. Nkhani iyi yikapangiska kuti charu chose chiganizire so za chitetezo cha mafakitale na udindo wa makampani. Chifukwa cha soka ili, malango gha chitetezo cha mafakitale ghakamba kuŵikika mwakukhora mu vyaru vinandi. ([[Soka la Bhopal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6uq4fnqtn4lgxod7yf5fdnfj61gdc37 4 48968 120468 2026-09-01T01:07:31Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MSH80 eruption mount st helens 05-18-80-dramatic-edit.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Phiri la St. Helens mu 1980]]''' kukachitika pa 18 Meyi 1980 mu [[Washington]], [[United States]], apo kutuntuma kwa charu kukapangiska mphepete ya kumpoto ya [[Phiri la St. Helens]] kugwa. Kugwa uku kukaŵa [[dongo lakutelemuka]] likuru chomene ilo likalembeka pa charu, ndipo kikasuzga phiri na kupangiska kuphulika kukuru kwa ..." 120468 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MSH80 eruption mount st helens 05-18-80-dramatic-edit.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Phiri la St. Helens mu 1980]]''' kukachitika pa 18 Meyi 1980 mu [[Washington]], [[United States]], apo kutuntuma kwa charu kukapangiska mphepete ya kumpoto ya [[Phiri la St. Helens]] kugwa. Kugwa uku kukaŵa [[dongo lakutelemuka]] likuru chomene ilo likalembeka pa charu, ndipo kikasuzga phiri na kupangiska kuphulika kukuru kwa [[phiri la moto]]. Phulusa likakwera mu mlengalenga, apo [[mphepo yakotcha ya phulusa na malibwe]] yikaparanya nkhalango pa malo ghakuru. Ŵanthu 57 ŵakafwa, ndipo nyama masauzandi zikakomeka. Maji gha chisanu na ŵalwinji vikapangiska [[matoroka gha volcanic]] agho ghakathira mu milonga na kuparanya milatho na misewu. Kuphulika uku kukasintha kapangidwe ka phiri, ndipo pachanya pakagwa na kupanga dzenje likuru. Ŵasayansi ŵakasambira chomene za kutentheka kwa mapiri na chenjezgo la vyakuphulika pamanyuma pa soka ili. Chigaŵa ichi chazgoka malo ghakusungirako chilengedwe. ([[Kuphulika kwa Phiri la St. Helens mu 1980|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> e2fo1nhb65rujnu1ux9opac83k5nn0t 4 48969 120469 2026-09-01T01:07:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:VajontDiga.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la Vajont]]''' likachitika pa 9 Okutobala 1963 ku [[Italy]], apo chigaŵa chikuru cha phiri la [[Monte Toc]] chikagwa mu nyanja ya Vajont. Dongo lakutelemuka linali likuru chomene mwakuti likasukuma maji gha dambo muŵaro yikuru wakujumpha khoma la [[Damu la Vajont]]. Maji ghakathira mu chigwa mwaluŵiro ndipo ghakaparanya msumba wa [[Longarone]] na vijiji vinyake. Ŵanthu..." 120469 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:VajontDiga.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la Vajont]]''' likachitika pa 9 Okutobala 1963 ku [[Italy]], apo chigaŵa chikuru cha phiri la [[Monte Toc]] chikagwa mu nyanja ya Vajont. Dongo lakutelemuka linali likuru chomene mwakuti likasukuma maji gha dambo muŵaro yikuru wakujumpha khoma la [[Damu la Vajont]]. Maji ghakathira mu chigwa mwaluŵiro ndipo ghakaparanya msumba wa [[Longarone]] na vijiji vinyake. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,000 ŵakafwa. Chinthu chakuzizwiska ntchakuti [[damu]] leneko likalutilira kuŵa pafupi kwambura kuparanyika, kweni maji agho ghakapitilira pachanya pake ndigho ghakaparanya malo gha ŵanthu. Ŵakufufuza ŵakasanga kuti ŵeneko ŵakamanyanga kale kuti phiri likusunkhika ndipo pakaŵa zizindikiro za suzgo, kweni chenjezgo likaŵikika makora yayi. Soka ili likakhala chakusambizga pa uinjiniya, kusamalira madamu na kuwunika mapiri agho ghangatelemuka. Chochitika ichi chikulongora kuti chenjezgo la ŵakufufuza likukhumbikwira kupulikikwa nyengo yake. ([[Soka la Damu la Vajont|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1tdzfrv8hw1xiczkuwjdjjtssmny6oq 4 48970 120470 2026-09-01T01:07:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:RMS Lusitania while sinking .jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuzimira kwa Lusitania]]''' kukachitika pa 7 Meyi 1915 apo sitima ya ŵanthu [[RMS Lusitania]] yikawomberedwa na [[sitima yapasi pa maji]] ya Germany mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic]]. Sitima iyi yikafuma ku [[New York City]] kuya ku [[Liverpool]], kweni [[chida chakuwombera panyanja]] chikagunda pambere yindafike ku Ireland. Lusitania yikamira mu maji mu mphindi 18 pera. Pa..." 120470 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:RMS Lusitania while sinking .jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuzimira kwa Lusitania]]''' kukachitika pa 7 Meyi 1915 apo sitima ya ŵanthu [[RMS Lusitania]] yikawomberedwa na [[sitima yapasi pa maji]] ya Germany mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic]]. Sitima iyi yikafuma ku [[New York City]] kuya ku [[Liverpool]], kweni [[chida chakuwombera panyanja]] chikagunda pambere yindafike ku Ireland. Lusitania yikamira mu maji mu mphindi 18 pera. Pa ŵanthu 1,960 awo ŵakaŵa pa sitima, 1,197 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo ŵanthu 128 ŵa ku [[America]]. Ŵalongozgi ŵa America ŵakakwiyira chomene chochitika ichi, ndipo nkhani yake yikawovwira kusintha maghanoghano gha ŵanthu pa nkhondo ya ku Europe. Chikaŵa chimanyikwiro cha suzgo la [[nkhondo za panyanja|nkhondo za panyanja]] na malango gha kuwukira sitima za ŵanthu. Pamanyuma, nkhondo iyi yikawovwira America kuŵa pafupi na kunjilirapo mu [[Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu]]. Ŵanthu ŵakawona kuzimira uku nga ni chimanyikwiro cha nkhondo. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakawona kuzimira uku nga ni chimanyikwiro cha nkhondo panyanja. ([[Kuzimira kwa Lusitania|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> r4n06wr5sd5keoriwh7eryy2jt2jpal 4 48971 120471 2026-09-01T01:08:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Union Carbide pesticide factory, Bhopal, India, 1985.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Bhopal]]''' likachitika usiku wa 2–3 Disembala 1984 ku [[Bhopal]], [[India]], apo gasi wakofya wakumanyikwa kuti [[methyl isocyanate]] wakafuma mufakitale ya [[Kampani ya Union Carbide ku India]]. Gasi wakathandazgika mu malo ghakukhala ŵanthu apo ŵanthu ŵakagona, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakazuka na kutsokomola, kuŵa na suzgo la kupuma pa..." 120471 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Union Carbide pesticide factory, Bhopal, India, 1985.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Bhopal]]''' likachitika usiku wa 2–3 Disembala 1984 ku [[Bhopal]], [[India]], apo gasi wakofya wakumanyikwa kuti [[methyl isocyanate]] wakafuma mufakitale ya [[Kampani ya Union Carbide ku India]]. Gasi wakathandazgika mu malo ghakukhala ŵanthu apo ŵanthu ŵakagona, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakazuka na kutsokomola, kuŵa na suzgo la kupuma panji kukomoka. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 500,000 ŵakakhwaskika, ndipo boma likayowoya kuti ŵanthu 3,787 ŵakafwa mwakudunjika, apo chiŵelengero cha nyifwa za nyengo yitali chikukambikana. Ngozi iyi yikumanyikwa nga ni soka likuru chomene la mafakitale mu mbiri. Kafukufuku wakawonanga suzgo la kusamalira katundu wakofya, kusowa kwa chitetezo na malango ghambura kukwana. Ŵanthu ŵa Bhopal ŵakalutilira kukumana na suzgo la umoyo na malo ghakuvunda kwa vyaka vinandi. Nkhani iyi yikapangiska kuti charu chose chiganizire so za chitetezo cha mafakitale na udindo wa makampani. Chifukwa cha soka ili, malango gha chitetezo cha mafakitale ghakamba kuŵikika mwakukhora mu vyaru vinandi. ([[Soka la Bhopal|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6uq4fnqtn4lgxod7yf5fdnfj61gdc37 4 48972 120472 2026-09-01T01:08:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aberfan disaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Aberfan]]''' likachitika pa 21 Okutobala 1966 ku [[Aberfan]], [[Wales]], apo chinthu chakufuma mu migodi chikaswa na kutelemuka pachanya pa msumba. [[Vula]] yikuru yikazuziska madzi mu mulu wa vyakuya vya migodi, ndipo mulu uwo ukayamba kwenda pasi nga ni [[dongo lakutelemuka]]. Ukaŵa mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ukafika pa [[sukulu]] ya ŵana apo masambiro ghakamba. Ŵana..." 120472 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Aberfan disaster.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Aberfan]]''' likachitika pa 21 Okutobala 1966 ku [[Aberfan]], [[Wales]], apo chinthu chakufuma mu migodi chikaswa na kutelemuka pachanya pa msumba. [[Vula]] yikuru yikazuziska madzi mu mulu wa vyakuya vya migodi, ndipo mulu uwo ukayamba kwenda pasi nga ni [[dongo lakutelemuka]]. Ukaŵa mwaluŵiro chomene mwakuti ukafika pa [[sukulu]] ya ŵana apo masambiro ghakamba. Ŵana 116 na ŵalara 28 ŵakafwa, ndipo sukulu yikazulika mu vinthu vya migodi. Kafukufuku wa boma wakasanga kuti [[Bungwe la Makampani gha Makala|National Coal Board]] ndiyo yikaŵa na udindo pa soka, chomenechomene chifukwa ŵakazenga mulu pa malo agho pakaŵa kasupe ka maji. Chochitika ichi chikasazgirako malango gha chitetezo mu migodi na kuwoneska kuŵa na udindo pa malo ghakusungirapo vyakuya. Lero chikumbusko cha Aberfan chikukumbukira ŵakufwa. Ŵapona ŵanandi ŵakalutilira kukumbuka ŵana awo ŵakafwa mu soka ili. ([[Soka la Aberfan|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> i3kqlwfgect0qz7ibaugyv82yph0k7n 4 48973 120473 2026-09-01T01:08:57Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku [[Texas City]], Texas, apo sitima ya France [[SS Grandcamp]] yikanyamula katundu wa [[ammonium nitrate]] ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndip..." 120473 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku [[Texas City]], Texas, apo sitima ya France [[SS Grandcamp]] yikanyamula katundu wa [[ammonium nitrate]] ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵakujumpha 5,000 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵazimaji ŵanandi ŵa ku Texas City ŵakaŵa ŵakuzimya moto pa Grandcamp, ndipo pafupifupi wose ŵakafwa pa kuphulika. Vinthu vyakuthika na chitsulo vikaponya kutali, ndipo mazenera ghakaswa mu malo ghakutali. Soka ili ndilo ngozi yikuru chomene ya mafakitale mu mbiri ya America. Pamanyuma, malango gha kunyamula na kusunga ammonium nitrate ghakasinthika. Nkhani iyi yikulongora ngozi ya vinthu vyakuphulika mu madoko. Soka ili likasintha malango gha chitetezo pa madoko. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jg1aq4z9dajw8fn57utdor3c0l02x74 4 48974 120474 2026-09-01T01:09:16Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵant..." 120474 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵantchito na mabanja ghawo awo ŵakakhalanga pafupi na dambo. [[William Mulholland]] na ŵainjiniya ŵanyake ŵakasanga kuti dambo likaŵa na suzgo pambere ligwe, kweni suzgo ilo likawoneka likachiriŵa yayi. Soka ili likapangiska mphindano pa uinjiniya wa madamu na udindo wa ŵalongozgi. Mulholland wakapoka udindo pa soka ndipo ntchito yake yikaŵa pafupi kumara. Damu ili likazengekaso yayi. Lero mabwinja ghake ghali malo gha mbiri na chikumbusko. Ŵakufwa ŵanyake ŵakasangikanga vyaka vinandi pamanyuma chifukwa ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mu maji. Mabwinja ghake ghachali kukumbuska ŵanthu za suzgo la madamu mu America. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rs7k2tpl1i5xqgiwyazgo255e0vwyuk 4 48975 120475 2026-09-01T01:09:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵant..." 120475 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵantchito na mabanja ghawo awo ŵakakhalanga pafupi na dambo. [[William Mulholland]] na ŵainjiniya ŵanyake ŵakasanga kuti dambo likaŵa na suzgo pambere ligwe, kweni suzgo ilo likawoneka likachiriŵa yayi. Soka ili likapangiska mphindano pa uinjiniya wa madamu na udindo wa ŵalongozgi. Mulholland wakapoka udindo pa soka ndipo ntchito yake yikaŵa pafupi kumara. Damu ili likazengekaso yayi. Lero mabwinja ghake ghali malo gha mbiri na chikumbusko. Ŵakufwa ŵanyake ŵakasangikanga vyaka vinandi pamanyuma chifukwa ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mu maji. Mabwinja ghake ghachali kukumbuska ŵanthu za suzgo la madamu mu America. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rs7k2tpl1i5xqgiwyazgo255e0vwyuk 4 48976 120476 2026-09-01T01:09:42Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of the Golden Spurs.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Vikhakha vya Golide]]''' yikachitika pa 11 Julayi 1302 pafupi na [[Kortrijk]] mu [[Flanders]], apo ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakakumana na gulu la Ŵaflemish. Ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakaŵa na ŵakavalo na ŵankhondo ŵakusambira, kweni Ŵaflemish ŵakaŵa chomene ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi. Pafupifupi ŵasilikari 8,000 mpaka 10,000 ŵa Flanders ŵakathereska..." 120476 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of the Golden Spurs.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Vikhakha vya Golide]]''' yikachitika pa 11 Julayi 1302 pafupi na [[Kortrijk]] mu [[Flanders]], apo ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakakumana na gulu la Ŵaflemish. Ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakaŵa na ŵakavalo na ŵankhondo ŵakusambira, kweni Ŵaflemish ŵakaŵa chomene ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi. Pafupifupi ŵasilikari 8,000 mpaka 10,000 ŵa Flanders ŵakathereska gulu la France ilo likaŵa lakukwana pafupifupi chiŵelengero chakuyana. Ŵasilikari ŵa Flanders ŵakasanga vikhakha vya golide vya ŵakavalo awo ŵakafwa, ndipo ichi chikapangiska zina la nkhondo. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵa chimoza mwa viyelezgero vyakale vya gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi kuthereska ŵakavalo. Ŵanthu ŵa Flanders ŵakayiwona nga chimanyikwiro cha kujiyimira pa ŵalongozgi ŵakunjilira. Lero, zuŵa la nkhondo iyi likukumbukika mu Belgium. Nyifwa ya ŵakavalo ŵa France yikaŵa yikuru chomene. Nkhondo iyi yikazgoka chimanyikwiro cha kukhwima kwa Flanders mu mbiri ya Europe. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> d4i8oo673rovc0xhh3bw9oys5ukjamf 4 48977 120477 2026-09-01T01:09:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Thomas Edison c1882.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Magetsi gha Direct na Alternating Current]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya malonda na sayansi pakati pa [[Thomas Edison]], [[Nikola Tesla]] na [[George Westinghouse]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 1880 na 1890. Edison wakakhozga [[direct current|magetsi gha DC]], apo Tesla na Westinghouse ŵakakhozga [[alternating current|magetsi gha AC]]. Chinthu chikuru mu mphindano chikaŵa umo mag..." 120477 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Thomas Edison c1882.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Magetsi gha Direct na Alternating Current]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya malonda na sayansi pakati pa [[Thomas Edison]], [[Nikola Tesla]] na [[George Westinghouse]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 1880 na 1890. Edison wakakhozga [[direct current|magetsi gha DC]], apo Tesla na Westinghouse ŵakakhozga [[alternating current|magetsi gha AC]]. Chinthu chikuru mu mphindano chikaŵa umo magetsi ghangatumizgikira mtunda utali kwambura kutaya mphamvu zinandi. AC yikaŵa yakwenelera pa kutumiza magetsi kutali, ndipo yikawoneska nkhongono yake pa [[Chiwonesko cha Charu cha Chicago]] mu 1893 na ntchito ya magetsi ku [[Niagara Falls]]. Edison wakagwiliskiranga ntchito viyelezgero vya ŵanthu na nyama kuti walongore ngozi ya AC, kweni AC yikazgoka nthowa iyo yikagwiritsidwa ntchito chomene. Nkhondo iyi yikasintha umo charu chikaŵikira maukonde gha magetsi na umoyo wa mazuŵa ghano. AC yikathereska mphindano ndipo yikazgoka nthowa yakumanyikwa chomene mu charu chose lero. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hdqd57l41in5g05ue3csnx550uhiekx 4 48978 120478 2026-09-01T01:10:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Charles Vance Millar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mpikisano Mukuru wa Ŵana wa Toronto]]''' ukaŵa mpikisano wachilendo uwo ukachitika ku [[Toronto]] pakati pa 1926 na 1936. Munthu wakulemba malango [[Charles Vance Millar]] wakalemba mu wilo wake kuti ndalama zose izo walisida ziperekeke kwa mwanakazi wa ku Toronto uyo wazababika ŵana ŵanandi chomene mu vyaka khumi pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake. Wilo uwu ukaŵa na makonzedwe gh..." 120478 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Charles Vance Millar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mpikisano Mukuru wa Ŵana wa Toronto]]''' ukaŵa mpikisano wachilendo uwo ukachitika ku [[Toronto]] pakati pa 1926 na 1936. Munthu wakulemba malango [[Charles Vance Millar]] wakalemba mu wilo wake kuti ndalama zose izo walisida ziperekeke kwa mwanakazi wa ku Toronto uyo wazababika ŵana ŵanandi chomene mu vyaka khumi pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake. Wilo uwu ukaŵa na makonzedwe ghanyake ghakusekeska, kusazgapo kupereka nyumba ku ŵanalume awo ŵakazomeranga yayi kukhala pamoza na kupereka katundu wa ma brewery kwa ŵanthu awo ŵakakananga mowa. Mpikisano wa ŵanakazi ukapangiska mabanja ghanandi kuŵa mu mphindano pa chiŵelengero cha ŵana. Ŵanakazi ŵanayi ŵakamanyikwa nga ndiwo ŵakapokera ndalama, ndipo wilo uwu ukazgoka nkhani yakumanyikwa mu Canada. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo munthu yumoza wangagwiliskira ntchito wilo wake kupanga chochitika chambura kuzolowereka mu mbiri ya msumba. mu Canada. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> ttnqycw7gev1u65u44kxx14fhz852wb 4 48979 120479 2026-09-01T01:10:27Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Maple syrup taps.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuba kwa Mowa wa Mphendwa ku Canada]]''' kukaŵa kuba kukuru kwa [[maple syrup|mowa wa mphendwa]] ku [[Quebec]], Canada, pakati pa 2011 na 2012. Ŵakuba ŵakachimbiska pafupifupi matani 3,000 gha mowa wa mphendwa kufuma mu [[International Strategic Reserve|malo ghakusungiramo mowa gha boma]], uyo ukaŵa wakuzura mu migolo masauzandi. Ŵakagwiranga ntchito mu nthowa yakuzizwiska:..." 120479 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Maple syrup taps.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuba kwa Mowa wa Mphendwa ku Canada]]''' kukaŵa kuba kukuru kwa [[maple syrup|mowa wa mphendwa]] ku [[Quebec]], Canada, pakati pa 2011 na 2012. Ŵakuba ŵakachimbiska pafupifupi matani 3,000 gha mowa wa mphendwa kufuma mu [[International Strategic Reserve|malo ghakusungiramo mowa gha boma]], uyo ukaŵa wakuzura mu migolo masauzandi. Ŵakagwiranga ntchito mu nthowa yakuzizwiska: ŵakakwezanga migolo, ŵakafumiskanga mowa, ŵakazuzganga so maji mu migolo ghanyake, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakabwezeranga migolo. Pamanyuma ŵakatumanga mowa ku vyaru vinyake kuti ŵaguliske mwakubisa. Mtengo wa mowa wakuba ukayezgekanga pa madola gha Canada 18.7 miliyoni. Ŵapolisia ŵakagwira ŵanthu 17, ndipo mulongozgi uyo wakalangika wakapokera jele na multa ukuru chomene. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka yimoza mwa makuba ghakuru chomene gha vinthu vyakurya mu mbiri ya Canada. Mowa wa mphendwa ukazgoka katundu wakukhumba. Kuba uku kukazgoka nkhani yikulu. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 85zz18bustg806s0i6jdj4qnkrup05f 4 48980 120480 2026-09-01T01:10:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Everybody Comes to Beat Sparrows.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ntchito ya Kukoma Mpheta mu China]]''' yikaŵa chigaŵa cha [[Ntchito ya Vinthu Vinayi|Ntchito ya Vinthu Vinayi]] iyo boma la [[China]] likamba mu 1958. [[Mpheta]] zikaŵikika pa mndandanda wa vinthu ivyo vikawoneka nga vinaparanya mbeu, ntheura ŵanthu ŵakaphalizgika kukoma mpheta zinandi. Ŵanthu ŵakakoma mphenyu, ŵakafumba viŵangwi na kupanga phokoso kuti m..." 120480 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Everybody Comes to Beat Sparrows.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ntchito ya Kukoma Mpheta mu China]]''' yikaŵa chigaŵa cha [[Ntchito ya Vinthu Vinayi|Ntchito ya Vinthu Vinayi]] iyo boma la [[China]] likamba mu 1958. [[Mpheta]] zikaŵikika pa mndandanda wa vinthu ivyo vikawoneka nga vinaparanya mbeu, ntheura ŵanthu ŵakaphalizgika kukoma mpheta zinandi. Ŵanthu ŵakakoma mphenyu, ŵakafumba viŵangwi na kupanga phokoso kuti mpheta zileke kupumula. Ŵanthu ŵakakoma mpheta masauzandi ghanandi. Kweni mpheta zikalyanga ŵadudu awo nawo ŵakaparanyanga mbeu. Apo mpheta zikapereŵa, ŵadudu ŵakachuluka ndipo mbewu zikakhwaskika. Ŵakufufuza ŵakuti kusintha uku kukawovwira kuŵa na suzgo la vyakurya mu nyengo ya [[Njara Yikuru ya China]]. Ntchito iyi ni chiyelezgero chakuti kusintha kwa chilengedwe kwambura kughanaghanira vinthu vyose kungapangiska masoka ghakuru. Nkhani iyi yikulongora suzgo la malango gha chilengedwe. Mpheta zikati zapereŵa, ŵadudu ŵakachuluka chomene, ndipo mbewu zikaparanyika. Ichi chikawovwira kuŵa na njara yikuru mu China. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> tijm07u4llck6c85ojkug1rtoqlmrzm 4 48981 120481 2026-09-01T01:10:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:CoventryAlbertWestfj.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo za Cod]]''' zikaŵa mphindano pakati pa [[Iceland]] na [[Britain]] pa nkhani ya ufulu wa kuvila nsomba mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic|Nyanja ya Atlantic]] pakati pa 1958 na 1976. Iceland yikasazgiranga mphaka ya maji agho ŵanthu ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵakeneranga kulondezga, kweni Britain yikakana malango agha chifukwa ŵalovi ŵake ŵakakhumbanga kulutilira kuvila pafupi na Ic..." 120481 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:CoventryAlbertWestfj.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo za Cod]]''' zikaŵa mphindano pakati pa [[Iceland]] na [[Britain]] pa nkhani ya ufulu wa kuvila nsomba mu [[Nyanja ya Atlantic|Nyanja ya Atlantic]] pakati pa 1958 na 1976. Iceland yikasazgiranga mphaka ya maji agho ŵanthu ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵakeneranga kulondezga, kweni Britain yikakana malango agha chifukwa ŵalovi ŵake ŵakakhumbanga kulutilira kuvila pafupi na Iceland. Sitima za [[Royal Navy]] zikaperekeza maboti gha Britain, apo [[Icelandic Coast Guard|Ŵalindizgi ŵa ku Iceland]] ŵakayezga kuŵachimbizga. Sitima zikawomberana yayi na mizinga, kweni zinyake zikagundana, ndipo ŵalindizgi ŵa Iceland ŵakadumulanga mizinga ya ŵalovi na zingwe zakukhora. Mu 1976 Britain yikazomera mphaka ya maji ya Iceland ya makilomita 200. Nkhondo izi zikasintha mbiri ya kuvila nsomba mu Atlantic na kukhozga ufulu wa Iceland. Izi zikawovwira Iceland kusimikizga ufulu wake wa kuvila nsomba mu Atlantic. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5r71znfjkbyanyjafwuox40cts41qqk 4 48982 120482 2026-09-01T01:11:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:L. Kretzschmar - How Belisarius and Theodora rescued Justinian (Nika riots).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nika]]''' kukachitika mu [[Constantinople]] mu 532 apo magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakazomeranga ŵakathamangiska [[Justinian I|Mfumukazi Justinian]] pa nyengo ya maseŵero gha [[Hippodrome ya Constantinople|Hippodrome]]. Ŵalongozgi ŵa magulu gha [[Blue]] na [[Green]] ŵakamba kuŵa umoza na kusandukira boma. V..." 120482 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:L. Kretzschmar - How Belisarius and Theodora rescued Justinian (Nika riots).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nika]]''' kukachitika mu [[Constantinople]] mu 532 apo magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakazomeranga ŵakathamangiska [[Justinian I|Mfumukazi Justinian]] pa nyengo ya maseŵero gha [[Hippodrome ya Constantinople|Hippodrome]]. Ŵalongozgi ŵa magulu gha [[Blue]] na [[Green]] ŵakamba kuŵa umoza na kusandukira boma. Vivulupi vikathandazgika kwa mazuŵa pafupifupi 6, nyumba zikawotcha, ndipo matchalitchi na vigaŵa vikuru vya msumba vikaparanyika. Ŵanthu masauzandi ghanandi ŵakafwa apo ŵasilikari ŵa [[Belisarius]] na [[Mfumukazi Theodora]] ŵakawukira ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa mu Hippodrome. Pamanyuma, Justinian wakazenga so [[Hagia Sophia]], iyo yikazgoka yimoza mwa nyumba zakumanyikwa chomene mu Constantinople. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo maseŵero gha maseŵera ghangasanduka chipulikano cha ndale na nkhondo ya ŵanthu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu msumba. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hkbzcc5fxakwvzo7am8h0x1hkqtumgf 4 48983 120483 2026-09-01T01:11:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fukushima I reactor units 3 and 4 by Digital Globe.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Nyukiliya la Fukushima Daiichi]]''' likamba pa 11 Malichi 2011 ku [[Japan]] pamanyuma pa [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|chituntulu na tsunami ya Tōhoku]]. Mafunde ghakuru ghakapwera pa [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] ndipo ghakawononga magetsi na makina gha kusungira ma reactor ghakuzizima. Pamanyuma, ma reactor ghanyake..." 120483 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Fukushima I reactor units 3 and 4 by Digital Globe.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Nyukiliya la Fukushima Daiichi]]''' likamba pa 11 Malichi 2011 ku [[Japan]] pamanyuma pa [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|chituntulu na tsunami ya Tōhoku]]. Mafunde ghakuru ghakapwera pa [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] ndipo ghakawononga magetsi na makina gha kusungira ma reactor ghakuzizima. Pamanyuma, ma reactor ghanyake ghakaphya chomene, ndipo [[hydrogen explosion|maphulikiro gha hydrogen]] ghakaparanya nyumba za ma reactor 1, 3 na 4. Radioactive material yikafuma ku malo gha fakitale ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 160,000 ŵakasamuskika mu nyengo yakulondezgapo. Chochitika ichi chikaŵikika pa [[International Nuclear Event Scale|level 7]], chiŵelengero cha pachanya chomene. Soka ili likapangiska Japan kusintha malango gha nyukiliya na kuwonaso vyakukhumbikwa pa kuvikilira ma reactor ku tsunami. Kafukufuku wakulutilira pa malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhumbanga vyaka vinandi kuti ŵambeso kuwelera mu madera ghanyake, ndipo ntchito ya kuchotsa vinthu vya radiation yikupitilira. Ŵakufufuza ŵakalutilira kuwona malo agha. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> kjijl0a3t49kkonzuzshmfdlku76stp 4 48984 120484 2026-09-01T01:11:51Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Allghoikhorkhoi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chiweto cha Mphungu cha ku Gobi]]''' ni chinyama icho ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti chikuŵa mu [[Gobi Desert]]. Mu malipoti gha ku Mongolia, chikumanyikwa nga [[olgoi-khorkhoi]], zina ilo likung’anamura “mmbumbo mukuru”. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti chinyama ichi chingakhala pasi pa mchenga. Nkhani zinyake zikuti chingakoma nyama panji munthu na sumu panji magetsi. Roy Chapman And..." 120484 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Allghoikhorkhoi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chiweto cha Mphungu cha ku Gobi]]''' ni chinyama icho ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti chikuŵa mu [[Gobi Desert]]. Mu malipoti gha ku Mongolia, chikumanyikwa nga [[olgoi-khorkhoi]], zina ilo likung’anamura “mmbumbo mukuru”. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti chinyama ichi chingakhala pasi pa mchenga. Nkhani zinyake zikuti chingakoma nyama panji munthu na sumu panji magetsi. [[Roy Chapman Andrews]] wakalemba za nkhani iyi mu 1926 pamanyuma pakupulika ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Mongolia ŵakayowoya kuti chinyama ichi chiriko. Kweni palije ukaboni wakukhoreka wakuti chinyama ichi chiliko. Ŵafukufuku ŵanyake ŵakayezga kuchipenja mu chipalamba cha Gobi, kweni ŵakasanga chinyama yayi. Ŵanyake ŵakuti nthano iyi yingakhale yakwendera pa nyama nga ni [[Tartar sand boa|njoka ya mchenga]]. Chiweto ichi chichali chakumanyikwa mu nkhani za cryptozoology. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo nthano yingakhala na umoyo kwa vyaka vinandi nangauli ŵakufufuza ŵakuleka kusanga ukaboni wa chinyama cheneko. Nkhani zili na mafumbo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> mrtigjw4332kdzwa98ntv855w6w3rel 4 48985 120485 2026-09-01T01:11:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Smyrna Fire Sept 1922 from HMS Ajax.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwotcha kwa Smyrna mu 1922]]''' kukaŵa chochitika cha nkhaza mu [[Smyrna]], Turkey, mu Sepitembala 1922 apo msumba ukawotcha kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. Moto ukamba pa 13 Sepitembala, mazuŵa ghanayi pamanyuma pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Turkey ŵaluta mu msumba. [[Greek people|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Armenians|ŴaArmenia]] ndiwo ŵakakhalanga chomene mu vigaŵa ivyo vikawotch..." 120485 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Smyrna Fire Sept 1922 from HMS Ajax.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwotcha kwa Smyrna mu 1922]]''' kukaŵa chochitika cha nkhaza mu [[Smyrna]], Turkey, mu Sepitembala 1922 apo msumba ukawotcha kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. Moto ukamba pa 13 Sepitembala, mazuŵa ghanayi pamanyuma pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Turkey ŵaluta mu msumba. [[Greek people|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Armenians|ŴaArmenia]] ndiwo ŵakakhalanga chomene mu vigaŵa ivyo vikawotcha, ndipo ŵanthu masauzandi ghanandi ŵakathawira ku doko. Malo ghakuru gha msumba ghakawotcha, nyumba na matchalitchi zikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwa panji ŵakasamuskika. Chochitika ichi chikaŵa cimoza mwa vinthu vyakusuzga chomene vya [[Greco-Turkish War|Nkhondo ya Greek na Turkey]] ya 1919–1922. Mbiri yake yichali na mphindano pa awo ŵakaŵa na udindo pa moto na nkhaza izo zikachitika mu msumba. Mafoto gha moto uwu ghakusungika mu Wikimedia Commons. Ŵanthu ŵakukumbuka chochitika ichi chifukwa cha moto, kusamuskika kwa ŵanthu na suzgo la ŵakuthawira awo ŵakazara mu doko. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3ykkcmuvqvfyiyncookm4es69n7g9xc 4 48986 120486 2026-09-01T01:12:08Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Chernobyl Reactor 4 - Where Disaster Occurred - Chernobyl Exclusion Zone - Northern Ukraine - 01 (27099656425).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Nyukiliya la Chornobyl]]''' likachitika pa 26 Epulero 1986 ku [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] mu Ukraine, iyo pa nyengo yira yikaŵa mu [[Soviet Union]]. Reactor nambala 4 yikaphulika apo ŵantchito ŵakachitanga yesero la umoyo wa makina. Suzgo la kapangidwe ka reactor na vint..." 120486 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Chernobyl Reactor 4 - Where Disaster Occurred - Chernobyl Exclusion Zone - Northern Ukraine - 01 (27099656425).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Nyukiliya la Chornobyl]]''' likachitika pa 26 Epulero 1986 ku [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] mu Ukraine, iyo pa nyengo yira yikaŵa mu [[Soviet Union]]. Reactor nambala 4 yikaphulika apo ŵantchito ŵakachitanga yesero la umoyo wa makina. Suzgo la kapangidwe ka reactor na vinthu vinyake vyakupangiska chisokonezo vikapangiska [[nuclear reactor|reactor]] kuyamba kukweza nkhongono mwamabuchi. Moto na radiation vikathandazgika mu chigaŵa, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasamuskika kufuma ku [[Pripyat]]. Boma likajala malo agha na kupanga [[Chernobyl Exclusion Zone|chigaŵa chakujandizgika]]. Soka ili ndimoza mwa masoka gha [[International Nuclear Event Scale|level 7]] mu mbiri ya nyukiliya, limoza na Fukushima. Lero reactor 4 yili pasi pa [[New Safe Confinement|chikhomelero chiphya]], ndipo malo ghakuzungulira Chornobyl ghachali malo gha kafukufuku wa radiation na chilengedwe. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhala pafupi ŵakasamuka. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jzrioznxoiretz6tgquwzwk3rla6itj 4 48987 120487 2026-09-01T01:12:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ruins of the English Settlement at Roanoke.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Koloni la Roanoke ilo likazimirika]]''' likaŵa malo gha ŵanthu ŵa ku [[England]] awo ŵakakhazikiska koloni pa [[Roanoke Island]] mu North Carolina mu vyaka vya m'ma 1580. Gulu lachiŵiri la ŵanthu likafika mu 1587 pasi pa [[John White]], kweni White wakawelera ku England kupenja vyakukhumbikwa. Nkhondo ya Britain na Spain yikachedweskanga ulendo wak..." 120487 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ruins of the English Settlement at Roanoke.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Koloni la Roanoke ilo likazimirika]]''' likaŵa malo gha ŵanthu ŵa ku [[England]] awo ŵakakhazikiska koloni pa [[Roanoke Island]] mu North Carolina mu vyaka vya m'ma 1580. Gulu lachiŵiri la ŵanthu likafika mu 1587 pasi pa [[John White]], kweni White wakawelera ku England kupenja vyakukhumbikwa. Nkhondo ya Britain na Spain yikachedweskanga ulendo wake, ndipo apo wakawelera mu 1590, wakasanga koloni liliwiro na kwambura ŵanthu. Pa khoma pakaŵa zina lakuti [[CROATOAN]], kweni ŵanthu ŵa koloni ŵakasangikaso yayi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵakasanganika na ŵanthu ŵa ku [[Croatoan Island]]. Zina la CROATOAN ndilo likapangiska mafumbo ghanandi, chifukwa likawoneka nga ni uthenga wakulongora uko ŵanthu ŵa koloni ŵangakhala kweni palije umboni wakukwana. Roanoke yikazgoka [[Lost Colony|Koloni Lakuzimika]], limoza mwa mafumbo ghakumanyikwa chomene mu mbiri ya America. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> pqyir0a6cfmbe6x54ap97pcuwezpdfc 4 48988 120488 2026-09-01T01:12:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The lighthouse on Eilean Mor of the Flannan Isles - geograph.org.uk - 100454.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kusowa kwa ŵalindizgi ŵa nyali ku Flannan Isles]]''' kukachitika mu Disembala 1900 ku [[Flannan Isles]] ku Scotland. Ŵalindizgi ŵatatu ŵa [[Flannan Isles Lighthouse|nyali ya Eilean Mòr]], [[James Ducat]], [[Thomas Marshall]] na [[Donald McArthur]], ŵakazimiririka kwambura kusiya munthu. Pamanyuma pa kusazgika kwa..." 120488 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The lighthouse on Eilean Mor of the Flannan Isles - geograph.org.uk - 100454.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kusowa kwa ŵalindizgi ŵa nyali ku Flannan Isles]]''' kukachitika mu Disembala 1900 ku [[Flannan Isles]] ku Scotland. Ŵalindizgi ŵatatu ŵa [[Flannan Isles Lighthouse|nyali ya Eilean Mòr]], [[James Ducat]], [[Thomas Marshall]] na [[Donald McArthur]], ŵakazimiririka kwambura kusiya munthu. Pamanyuma pa kusazgika kwa nyengo, sitima ya chinyumba cha nyali yikafika ndipo yikasanga malo ghakuŵikapo ŵalindizgi ghambura munthu. Chinyumba chikaŵa na chakurya, vyakuvwara na vinthu vinyake, kweni ŵanthu wose ŵatatu ŵakaŵapo yayi. [[Northern Lighthouse Board|Bungwe la Nyali za Kumpoto]] likafufuza ndipo likati ŵanalume ŵakwenera kuti ŵakatengedwa na mafunde ghakuru apo ŵakawoneseskanga vinthu ku mphepete mwa thanthwe. Palije thupi ilo likasangika. Kusowa uku kukazgoka nthano ya panyanja ndipo kukalimbikiska mabuku, sumu na mafilimu. Mazgu ghakale gha ŵalindizgi ghakulongora kuti nyengo yikaŵa yakofya, kweni palije ukaboni wakukwana uwo ukusimikizga nthowa yeneko iyo ŵakazimiramo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> edmi7n60a6btckbq9ovegheocuhd9xf 4 48989 120489 2026-09-01T01:12:46Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Laki (3).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Laki mu 1783]]''' kukaŵa kuphulika kukuru kwa [[volcano|phiri la moto]] ku [[Iceland]] uko kukamba pa 8 Juni 1783. Mipata yakujumpha 130 ya phiri la moto yikajulika, ndipo lava, phulusa na mipweya vinandi vikafuma kwa myezi pafupifupi 8. Kuphulika uku kukafumiska [[sulfur dioxide|sulfur dioxide]] wakuchuluka chomene mu mlengalenga, ndipo ku Europe kukapangika mphunga wakum..." 120489 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Laki (3).jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Laki mu 1783]]''' kukaŵa kuphulika kukuru kwa [[volcano|phiri la moto]] ku [[Iceland]] uko kukamba pa 8 Juni 1783. Mipata yakujumpha 130 ya phiri la moto yikajulika, ndipo lava, phulusa na mipweya vinandi vikafuma kwa myezi pafupifupi 8. Kuphulika uku kukafumiska [[sulfur dioxide|sulfur dioxide]] wakuchuluka chomene mu mlengalenga, ndipo ku Europe kukapangika mphunga wakumanyikwa nga [[Laki haze|mphunga wa Laki]]. Chinyama na mbewu zikakhwaskika, ndipo mu Iceland ŵanthu ŵanandi na viŵeto ŵakafwa chifukwa cha nthenda na njara. Nyengo yikusinthikaso mu vigaŵa vinyake vya [[Europe]] na [[North America]]. Ŵakufufuza ŵakuti mphunga uwu ukawovwira kusintha nyengo mu Europe na vigaŵa vinyake, ndipo ukapangiska suzgo likuru la vyakurya. Ŵanthu ŵakawona nyengo yambura kuzolowereka. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti kuphulika kwa volcano kungakhwaska vyakurya, nyengo na umoyo wa ŵanthu. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0j7lw2h3fevg5xmd5k48qziibv108ld 4 48990 120490 2026-09-01T01:12:55Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Pelée 1902.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Phiri la Pelée mu 1902]]''' kukachitika ku [[Martinique]] mu 1902 ndipo kukaŵa kuphulika kwa [[volcano|phiri la moto]] kwakofya chomene mu mbiri yakulembeka. Kuphulika kukamba mu Epulero, kweni pa 8 Meyi, mphepo yakuŵotcha ya [[pyroclastic flow|malibwe na phulusa yakotcha]] yikathira ku msumba wa [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]]. Mu mphindi zicoko waka,..." 120490 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mount Pelée 1902.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Phiri la Pelée mu 1902]]''' kukachitika ku [[Martinique]] mu 1902 ndipo kukaŵa kuphulika kwa [[volcano|phiri la moto]] kwakofya chomene mu mbiri yakulembeka. Kuphulika kukamba mu Epulero, kweni pa 8 Meyi, mphepo yakuŵotcha ya [[pyroclastic flow|malibwe na phulusa yakotcha]] yikathira ku msumba wa [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]]. Mu mphindi zicoko waka, msumba ukaparanyika ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 28,000 mpaka 30,000 ŵakafwa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa ku nyumba na ku malo gha malonda. Mwa ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba, munthu yumoza uyo wakumanyikwa chomene kuti wakapona wakaŵa [[Ludger Sylbaris]], uyo wakaŵa mu selo ya jere. Soka ili likawovwira ŵasayansi kumanya za mphepo zakotcha za ma volcano. Sylbaris wakaŵa mu selo lakukhora la jere ilo likamuvikilira, ndipo nkhani yake yikazgoka yakumanyikwa chomene pa charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵakathawa kweni ŵakafika mwaluŵiro yayi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 8mm09kwa72vxh9701uelluzv17msdr3 4 48991 120491 2026-09-01T01:13:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku Texas City, Texas, apo sitima ya France SS Grandcamp yikanyamula katundu wa ammonium nitrate ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵakujumph..." 120491 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku Texas City, Texas, apo sitima ya France SS Grandcamp yikanyamula katundu wa ammonium nitrate ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵakujumpha 5,000 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵazimaji ŵanandi ŵa ku Texas City ŵakaŵa ŵakuzimya moto pa Grandcamp, ndipo pafupifupi wose ŵakafwa pa kuphulika. Vinthu vyakuthika na chitsulo vikaponya kutali, ndipo mazenera ghakaswa mu malo ghakutali. Soka ili ndilo ngozi yikuru chomene ya mafakitale mu mbiri ya America ndipo likapangiska kusintha kwa malango gha kusunga vinthu vyakuphulika. Kuphulika uku kukasambizga kuti katundu wa feteleza wakwenera kusungika na kusamuskika mwakukhwima chomene. Nkhani iyi yikakumbukika kwa vyaka vinandi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> cgr0o3xu6ld1r6hvf9z8jnyjzfll21m 4 48992 120492 2026-09-01T01:13:47Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Charles Vance Millar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mpikisano Mukuru wa Ŵana wa Toronto]]''' ukamba chifukwa cha wilo wachilendo wa Charles Vance Millar, mwanalume wa ku Canada uyo wakafwa mu 1926 kwambura ŵana. Mu wilo wake, wakasankha kuti ndalama zinandi izo walisida ziperekeke kwa mwanakazi wa ku Toronto uyo wazababika ŵana ŵanandi chomene mu vyaka khumi pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake. Ichi chikapangiska mpikisano wambura ku..." 120492 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Charles Vance Millar.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mpikisano Mukuru wa Ŵana wa Toronto]]''' ukamba chifukwa cha wilo wachilendo wa Charles Vance Millar, mwanalume wa ku Canada uyo wakafwa mu 1926 kwambura ŵana. Mu wilo wake, wakasankha kuti ndalama zinandi izo walisida ziperekeke kwa mwanakazi wa ku Toronto uyo wazababika ŵana ŵanandi chomene mu vyaka khumi pamanyuma pa nyifwa yake. Ichi chikapangiska mpikisano wambura kuzolowereka pakati pa mabanja mu Toronto, ndipo mbumba zinandi zikamba kulemba ŵana awo ŵakababika mu nyengo iyo. Pamanyuma, ŵanakazi ŵanayi ŵakagaŵana ndalama zinandi za wilo. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka nyuzipepala yikuru ndipo yikawovwira ŵanthu kukambirana vya ŵana, ndalama na malango gha wilo. Chochitika ichi chikulongora umo munthu yumoza wangapanga nkhani yapadera na wilo wake. Nkhani iyi yikupereka chiyelezgero chakuti wilo umoza ungapangiska mpikisano wakumanyikwa mu msumba wose. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> aeb873dmstcz2sw88soknh60e1k574h 4 48993 120493 2026-09-01T01:14:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mattoon Illinois downtown.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Wakuthira Gasi wa Mattoon]]''' likaŵa zina ilo nyuzipepala zikapereka kwa munthu panji ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyekanga kuti ŵakathiranga gasi mu nyumba za ŵanthu ku Mattoon, Illinois, mu 1944. Mu masabata ghaŵiri, ŵanthu ŵakupambuka ŵakaphalira polisi kuti ŵakawona munthu panji ŵakanunkha fungo lichilendo pambere ŵandambe kutsokomola, kusanza panji kuleka kwenda m..." 120493 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Mattoon Illinois downtown.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Wakuthira Gasi wa Mattoon]]''' likaŵa zina ilo nyuzipepala zikapereka kwa munthu panji ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyekanga kuti ŵakathiranga gasi mu nyumba za ŵanthu ku Mattoon, Illinois, mu 1944. Mu masabata ghaŵiri, ŵanthu ŵakupambuka ŵakaphalira polisi kuti ŵakawona munthu panji ŵakanunkha fungo lichilendo pambere ŵandambe kutsokomola, kusanza panji kuleka kwenda makora. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakapempha chivikiliro, ndipo nkhani iyi yikathandazgika mu nyuzipepala. Polisi yikaŵa na kukayika chifukwa palije munthu uyo wakasangika. Ŵakafufuza ŵakasanga kuti vinthu vinyake nga nail polish, mafakitale panji fungo la nyama vingaŵa chifukwa cha malipoti. Palije munthu uyo wakafwa panji wakasuzgika kwa nyengo yitali chifukwa cha gasi. Lero chochitika ichi chikuwoneka nga chiyelezgero cha mass psychogenic illness na umo mantha ghangasazgikira. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo mantha ghangapangiska msumba wose kughanaghana kuti uli pasi pa kuwukira. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6kd7oypinw744wg5a7ndvntb3epc46e 4 48994 120494 2026-09-01T01:14:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Morro do Pico - Niteroi - RJ.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhani ya Masks gha Lead]]''' yikakhwaska ŵanalume ŵaŵiri ŵa ku Brazil, Manoel Pereira da Cruz na Miguel José Viana, awo ŵakasangika pa Morro do Vintém ku Niterói mu Ogasiti 1966. Matupi ghawo ghakaŵa pafupi na virimiri, ndipo waliyose wakaŵa wavwara sutu, raincoat na mask ya lead pa maso. Polisi yikasanga botolo la maji, matawulo ghakunyowa na buku lidoko i..." 120494 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Morro do Pico - Niteroi - RJ.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhani ya Masks gha Lead]]''' yikakhwaska ŵanalume ŵaŵiri ŵa ku Brazil, Manoel Pereira da Cruz na Miguel José Viana, awo ŵakasangika pa Morro do Vintém ku Niterói mu Ogasiti 1966. Matupi ghawo ghakaŵa pafupi na virimiri, ndipo waliyose wakaŵa wavwara sutu, raincoat na mask ya lead pa maso. Polisi yikasanga botolo la maji, matawulo ghakunyowa na buku lidoko ilo likaŵa na malango ghakuyowoya za makapsule na mask. Kafukufuku wa mtembo ukachedwa, ndipo vinthu vya mkati vikaŵa vyavunda chomene mwakuti kuyezga mankhwala kukatondeka. Chifukwa cha ichi, nyifwa zawo zikamanyikwa yayi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakaghanaghana za mankhwala, chipulikano cha mizimu panji UFO, kweni palije chimoza icho chikusimikizgika. Buku lawo likulongora kuti ŵanalume aŵa ŵakapangana pa zuŵa na nyengo, kweni icho ŵakakhumbanga kuchita sichikumanyikwa makora. Nkhani iyi yichali fumbo lakuzizwiska mu Brazil mpaka lero. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> piu8mw4r6ih8ccmak7hgrrcq5cjav83 4 48995 120495 2026-09-01T01:14:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SomertonManBurial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mwanalume wa Somerton]]''' wakasangika wafwa pa 1 Disembala 1948 pa Somerton Beach pafupi na Adelaide ku Australia. Wakaŵa wambura chikalata, ndipo ŵapolisia ŵakasanga kuti palije ndalama panji vinthu vinyake ivyo vingamumanya. Mu pocket yake mukaŵa pepala lidoko lakudulika mu buku la ndakatulo, lolembeka mazgu ghakuti Tamám Shud, agho ghakung’anamura kuti “wamara”...." 120495 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SomertonManBurial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mwanalume wa Somerton]]''' wakasangika wafwa pa 1 Disembala 1948 pa Somerton Beach pafupi na Adelaide ku Australia. Wakaŵa wambura chikalata, ndipo ŵapolisia ŵakasanga kuti palije ndalama panji vinthu vinyake ivyo vingamumanya. Mu pocket yake mukaŵa pepala lidoko lakudulika mu buku la ndakatulo, lolembeka mazgu ghakuti Tamám Shud, agho ghakung’anamura kuti “wamara”. Ŵakafufuza buku ilo mazgu agha ghakafumamo ndipo ŵakasanga manambala na chilembo chakusuzga kumanya. Kwa vyaka vinandi ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghana kuti wakaŵa musilikari, kazembe panji munthu wa pa ntchito yakubisa. Mu 2022, thupi lake likafumbulika na kuyezgeka DNA, ndipo ŵakufufuza ŵakayezga kumumanya. Kweni nkhani iyi yikakhala fumbo lakumanyikwa chomene la Australia. Buku, manambala na vinthu vya mu suit vikusangika mu kafukufuku, ndipo zina leneko likupitira kuŵa fumbo mpaka lero. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nen5x0s99fug8i91cwop3ola1tse7z6 4 48996 120496 2026-09-01T01:16:10Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SomertonManBurial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mwanalume wa Somerton]]''' wakasangika wafwa pa 1 Disembala 1948 pa Somerton Beach pafupi na Adelaide ku Australia. Wakaŵa wambura chikalata, ndipo ŵapolisia ŵakasanga kuti palije ndalama panji vinthu vinyake ivyo vingamumanya. Mu pocket yake mukaŵa pepala lidoko lakudulika mu buku la ndakatulo, lolembeka mazgu ghakuti Tamám Shud, agho ghakung’anamura kuti “wamara”...." 120496 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SomertonManBurial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mwanalume wa Somerton]]''' wakasangika wafwa pa 1 Disembala 1948 pa Somerton Beach pafupi na Adelaide ku Australia. Wakaŵa wambura chikalata, ndipo ŵapolisia ŵakasanga kuti palije ndalama panji vinthu vinyake ivyo vingamumanya. Mu pocket yake mukaŵa pepala lidoko lakudulika mu buku la ndakatulo, lolembeka mazgu ghakuti Tamám Shud, agho ghakung’anamura kuti “wamara”. Ŵakafufuza buku ilo mazgu agha ghakafumamo ndipo ŵakasanga manambala na chilembo chakusuzga kumanya. Kwa vyaka vinandi ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghana kuti wakaŵa musilikari, kazembe panji munthu wa pa ntchito yakubisa. Mu 2022, thupi lake likafumbulika na kuyezgeka DNA, ndipo ŵakufufuza ŵakayezga kumumanya. Kweni nkhani iyi yikakhala fumbo lakumanyikwa chomene la Australia. Buku, manambala na vinthu vya mu suit vikusangika mu kafukufuku, ndipo zina leneko likupitira kuŵa fumbo mpaka lero. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nen5x0s99fug8i91cwop3ola1tse7z6 4 48997 120497 2026-09-01T01:16:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵant..." 120497 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵantchito na mabanja ghawo awo ŵakakhalanga pafupi na dambo. [[William Mulholland]] na ŵainjiniya ŵanyake ŵakasanga kuti dambo likaŵa na suzgo pambere ligwe, kweni suzgo ilo likawoneka likachiriŵa yayi. Soka ili likapangiska mphindano pa uinjiniya wa madamu na udindo wa ŵalongozgi. Mulholland wakapoka udindo pa soka ndipo ntchito yake yikaŵa pafupi kumara. Damu ili likazengekaso yayi. Lero mabwinja ghake ghali malo gha mbiri na chikumbusko. Ŵakufwa ŵanyake ŵakasangikanga vyaka vinandi pamanyuma chifukwa ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mu maji. Mabwinja ghake ghachali kukumbuska ŵanthu za suzgo la madamu mu America. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rs7k2tpl1i5xqgiwyazgo255e0vwyuk 4 48998 120498 2026-09-01T01:16:34Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of the Golden Spurs.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Vikhakha vya Golide]]''' yikachitika pa 11 Julayi 1302 pafupi na [[Kortrijk]] mu [[Flanders]], apo ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakakumana na gulu la Ŵaflemish. Ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakaŵa na ŵakavalo na ŵankhondo ŵakusambira, kweni Ŵaflemish ŵakaŵa chomene ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi. Pafupifupi ŵasilikari 8,000 mpaka 10,000 ŵa Flanders ŵakathereska..." 120498 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of the Golden Spurs.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Vikhakha vya Golide]]''' yikachitika pa 11 Julayi 1302 pafupi na [[Kortrijk]] mu [[Flanders]], apo ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakakumana na gulu la Ŵaflemish. Ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakaŵa na ŵakavalo na ŵankhondo ŵakusambira, kweni Ŵaflemish ŵakaŵa chomene ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi. Pafupifupi ŵasilikari 8,000 mpaka 10,000 ŵa Flanders ŵakathereska gulu la France ilo likaŵa lakukwana pafupifupi chiŵelengero chakuyana. Ŵasilikari ŵa Flanders ŵakasanga vikhakha vya golide vya ŵakavalo awo ŵakafwa, ndipo ichi chikapangiska zina la nkhondo. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵa chimoza mwa viyelezgero vyakale vya gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi kuthereska ŵakavalo. Ŵanthu ŵa Flanders ŵakayiwona nga chimanyikwiro cha kujiyimira pa ŵalongozgi ŵakunjilira. Lero, zuŵa la nkhondo iyi likukumbukika mu Belgium. Nyifwa ya ŵakavalo ŵa France yikaŵa yikuru chomene. Nkhondo iyi yikazgoka chimanyikwiro cha kukhwima kwa Flanders mu mbiri ya Europe. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> d4i8oo673rovc0xhh3bw9oys5ukjamf 4 48999 120499 2026-09-01T01:17:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵant..." 120499 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:St. Francis Dam after the 1928 failure.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Damu la St. Francis]]''' likachitika pa 12 Malichi 1928 ku [[California]], apo [[St. Francis Dam|Damu la St. Francis]] likabomoka usiku pafupi na Santa Clarita. Maji pafupifupi 47 miliyoni cubic metres ghakathira mu chigwa nga ni mafunde ghakuru, ghakaparanya nyumba, mafakitale na misewu. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 431 ŵakafwa, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵantchito na mabanja ghawo awo ŵakakhalanga pafupi na dambo. [[William Mulholland]] na ŵainjiniya ŵanyake ŵakasanga kuti dambo likaŵa na suzgo pambere ligwe, kweni suzgo ilo likawoneka likachiriŵa yayi. Soka ili likapangiska mphindano pa uinjiniya wa madamu na udindo wa ŵalongozgi. Mulholland wakapoka udindo pa soka ndipo ntchito yake yikaŵa pafupi kumara. Damu ili likazengekaso yayi. Lero mabwinja ghake ghali malo gha mbiri na chikumbusko. Ŵakufwa ŵanyake ŵakasangikanga vyaka vinandi pamanyuma chifukwa ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mu maji. Mabwinja ghake ghachali kukumbuska ŵanthu za suzgo la madamu mu America. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rs7k2tpl1i5xqgiwyazgo255e0vwyuk 4 49000 120500 2026-09-01T01:17:49Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku [[Texas City]], Texas, apo sitima ya France [[SS Grandcamp]] yikanyamula katundu wa [[ammonium nitrate]] ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndip..." 120500 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Txcitydisasterparkinglot.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Msumba wa Texas]]''' likachitika pa 16 Epulero 1947 ku [[Texas City]], Texas, apo sitima ya France [[SS Grandcamp]] yikanyamula katundu wa [[ammonium nitrate]] ndipo yikayaka moto pa doko. Moto ukazgoka kuphulika kukuru apo feteleza wakaphulika mu sitima, ndipo ukapangiska moto na mapuluko ghanyake mu sitima na malo gha mafuta. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 581 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵakujumpha 5,000 ŵakapwetekeka. Ŵazimaji ŵanandi ŵa ku Texas City ŵakaŵa ŵakuzimya moto pa Grandcamp, ndipo pafupifupi wose ŵakafwa pa kuphulika. Vinthu vyakuthika na chitsulo vikaponya kutali, ndipo mazenera ghakaswa mu malo ghakutali. Soka ili ndilo ngozi yikuru chomene ya mafakitale mu mbiri ya America. Pamanyuma, malango gha kunyamula na kusunga ammonium nitrate ghakasinthika. Nkhani iyi yikulongora ngozi ya vinthu vyakuphulika mu madoko. Soka ili likasintha malango gha chitetezo pa madoko. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jg1aq4z9dajw8fn57utdor3c0l02x74 4 49001 120501 2026-09-01T01:18:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Smyrna Fire Sept 1922 from HMS Ajax.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwotcha kwa Smyrna mu 1922]]''' kukaŵa chochitika cha nkhaza mu [[Smyrna]], Turkey, mu Sepitembala 1922 apo msumba ukawotcha kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. Moto ukamba pa 13 Sepitembala, mazuŵa ghanayi pamanyuma pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Turkey ŵaluta mu msumba. [[Greek people|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Armenians|ŴaArmenia]] ndiwo ŵakakhalanga chomene mu vigaŵa ivyo vikawotch..." 120501 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Smyrna Fire Sept 1922 from HMS Ajax.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwotcha kwa Smyrna mu 1922]]''' kukaŵa chochitika cha nkhaza mu [[Smyrna]], Turkey, mu Sepitembala 1922 apo msumba ukawotcha kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. Moto ukamba pa 13 Sepitembala, mazuŵa ghanayi pamanyuma pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Turkey ŵaluta mu msumba. [[Greek people|Ŵagiriki]] na [[Armenians|ŴaArmenia]] ndiwo ŵakakhalanga chomene mu vigaŵa ivyo vikawotcha, ndipo ŵanthu masauzandi ghanandi ŵakathawira ku doko. Malo ghakuru gha msumba ghakawotcha, nyumba na matchalitchi zikaparanyika, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwa panji ŵakasamuskika. Chochitika ichi chikaŵa cimoza mwa vinthu vyakusuzga chomene vya [[Greco-Turkish War|Nkhondo ya Greek na Turkey]] ya 1919–1922. Mbiri yake yichali na mphindano pa awo ŵakaŵa na udindo pa moto na nkhaza izo zikachitika mu msumba. Mafoto gha moto uwu ghakusungika mu Wikimedia Commons. Ŵanthu ŵakukumbuka chochitika ichi chifukwa cha moto, kusamuskika kwa ŵanthu na suzgo la ŵakuthawira awo ŵakazara mu doko. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3ykkcmuvqvfyiyncookm4es69n7g9xc 4 49002 120502 2026-09-01T01:18:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:William of Orange III and his Dutch army land in Brixham, 1688.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688]]''' chikaŵa mantha ghakuru mu [[England]] mu Disembala 1688 apo nkhani zautesi zikati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ŵakukhumba kuwotcha misumba na kukoma ŵanthu. Nkhani izi zikathandazgika kufuma ku [[London]] kuya ku counties 19. Ŵanthu ŵakanyamura vyakurwa na kupanga magulu ghakujiŵika. Mu [[Wales]]..." 120502 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:William of Orange III and his Dutch army land in Brixham, 1688.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688]]''' chikaŵa mantha ghakuru mu [[England]] mu Disembala 1688 apo nkhani zautesi zikati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ŵakukhumba kuwotcha misumba na kukoma ŵanthu. Nkhani izi zikathandazgika kufuma ku [[London]] kuya ku counties 19. Ŵanthu ŵakanyamura vyakurwa na kupanga magulu ghakujiŵika. Mu [[Wales]] na England, nkhani zautesi zikapangiska ŵanthu kuthawa. Palije gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ilo likachita nkhaza izo zikayowoyeka. Mantha ghakamara mu mazuŵa. Ŵakufufuza ŵakughanaghana kuti nkhani izi zingaŵa zikaŵa zakupangika na ŵakukhozga [[William III|William wa Orange]]. Chochitika ichi chikulongora nkhani zautesi zingapangiska mantha. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kujivikilira ku mulwani uyo wakaŵavya. Nkhani iyi yikulongora nkhongono ya mphekesera mu nyengo ya mphindano za ndale. ([[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4kfwdrvtneg4phwul8f5kemcrpn3yzp 4 49003 120503 2026-09-01T01:19:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Black Tom explosion - 1916.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom]]''' kukachitika pa 30 Julayi 1916 ku [[New Jersey]], apo vinthu vya nkhondo vikaphulika pa doko la [[New York Harbor]]. Ŵanthu ŵakapwetekeka ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa. Kuphulika uku kukaŵa kukuru mwakuti mazenera ghakaswa kutali ndipo [[Chikumbusko cha Ufulu|Chikumbusko cha Ufulu]] chikapwetekeka. Ŵalongozgi ŵa America ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵa..." 120503 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Black Tom explosion - 1916.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom]]''' kukachitika pa 30 Julayi 1916 ku [[New Jersey]], apo vinthu vya nkhondo vikaphulika pa doko la [[New York Harbor]]. Ŵanthu ŵakapwetekeka ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa. Kuphulika uku kukaŵa kukuru mwakuti mazenera ghakaswa kutali ndipo [[Chikumbusko cha Ufulu|Chikumbusko cha Ufulu]] chikapwetekeka. Ŵalongozgi ŵa America ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵanthu ŵa Germany ŵangawa kuti ndiwo ŵakachita sabotaji iyi kuti ŵaleke katundu wa nkhondo kufika ku [[Ŵalwani|Ŵalwani]]. Pamanyuma kafukufuku wakawovwira kusimikizga sabotaji. Chochitika ichi chikachitika pambere [[United States|America]] yindanjilire mu [[Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu]]. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti nkhondo yikakhwaska America pambere yindanjiremo. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbuka kuphulika uku. ([[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3wabdkp5uzn9bvv6whxuenrsf39h7fv 4 49004 120504 2026-09-01T01:19:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Black Tom explosion - 1916.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom]]''' kukachitika pa 30 Julayi 1916 ku [[New Jersey]], apo vinthu vya nkhondo vikaphulika pa doko la [[New York Harbor]]. Ŵanthu ŵakapwetekeka ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa. Kuphulika uku kukaŵa kukuru mwakuti mazenera ghakaswa kutali ndipo [[Chikumbusko cha Ufulu|Chikumbusko cha Ufulu]] chikapwetekeka. Ŵalongozgi ŵa America ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵa..." 120504 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Black Tom explosion - 1916.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom]]''' kukachitika pa 30 Julayi 1916 ku [[New Jersey]], apo vinthu vya nkhondo vikaphulika pa doko la [[New York Harbor]]. Ŵanthu ŵakapwetekeka ndipo ŵanthu ŵakafwa. Kuphulika uku kukaŵa kukuru mwakuti mazenera ghakaswa kutali ndipo [[Chikumbusko cha Ufulu|Chikumbusko cha Ufulu]] chikapwetekeka. Ŵalongozgi ŵa America ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵanthu ŵa Germany ŵangawa kuti ndiwo ŵakachita sabotaji iyi kuti ŵaleke katundu wa nkhondo kufika ku [[Ŵalwani|Ŵalwani]]. Pamanyuma kafukufuku wakawovwira kusimikizga sabotaji. Chochitika ichi chikachitika pambere [[United States|America]] yindanjilire mu [[Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu]]. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti nkhondo yikakhwaska America pambere yindanjiremo. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbuka kuphulika uku. ([[Kuphulika kwa Black Tom|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3wabdkp5uzn9bvv6whxuenrsf39h7fv 4 49005 120505 2026-09-01T01:19:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torso Murder Report.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milandu ya Kukoma Ŵanthu ku Cleveland]]''' zikaŵa milandu ya kukoma ŵanthu mu [[Cleveland]] pakati pa 1935 na 1938. Ŵanthu 12 ŵakamanyikwa nga ŵakakomeka, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakasangika mu mabwinja gha [[Kingsbury Run]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mwankhanza ndipo vigaŵa vya mathupi ghawo vikaphwanyikanga. Ŵanyake mwa ŵakufwa ŵakakhalira ŵambura kumanyikwa chifukwa s..." 120505 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Torso Murder Report.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milandu ya Kukoma Ŵanthu ku Cleveland]]''' zikaŵa milandu ya kukoma ŵanthu mu [[Cleveland]] pakati pa 1935 na 1938. Ŵanthu 12 ŵakamanyikwa nga ŵakakomeka, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakasangika mu mabwinja gha [[Kingsbury Run]]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mwankhanza ndipo vigaŵa vya mathupi ghawo vikaphwanyikanga. Ŵanyake mwa ŵakufwa ŵakakhalira ŵambura kumanyikwa chifukwa sayansi ya forensic yikaŵa yichali yiphya. [[Eliot Ness]] na polisi ya Cleveland ŵakafufuza milandu iyi, kweni palije munthu uyo wakayeruzgika nga wakukoma wose. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka mulandu wa mbiri ya America. Lero ŵakufufuza ŵachali kupenja ukaboni waphya pa ŵakufwa na wakukoma wambura kumanyikwa. Mafumbo ghachali. Ŵakafufuza vinandi kweni mulandu ukathereskeka yayi. ([[Milandu ya Kukoma Ŵanthu ku Cleveland|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1ejt4vzqhhl8vf4ece7cynvomgupeot 4 49006 120506 2026-09-01T01:19:31Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:DMRDlogo.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Chinyengo cha Dihydrogen Monoxide]]''' ni nthabwala ya sayansi iyo yikupusiska ŵanthu mwa kugwiliskira ntchito zina lakofya la mankhwala agho tikumanya kuti [[maji]]. Chinyengo ichi chikuyowoya za ngozi zake, nga ni kusoŵa mpweya apo maji ghanjira mu mapapo, kukokoloka kwa malibwe na kufufuma kwa malo. Vinyake mwa ivyo vikuyowoyeka niunenesko pa maji, kweni vikulongozgeka mwakupusiska...." 120506 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:DMRDlogo.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Chinyengo cha Dihydrogen Monoxide]]''' ni nthabwala ya sayansi iyo yikupusiska ŵanthu mwa kugwiliskira ntchito zina lakofya la mankhwala agho tikumanya kuti [[maji]]. Chinyengo ichi chikuyowoya za ngozi zake, nga ni kusoŵa mpweya apo maji ghanjira mu mapapo, kukokoloka kwa malibwe na kufufuma kwa malo. Vinyake mwa ivyo vikuyowoyeka niunenesko pa maji, kweni vikulongozgeka mwakupusiska. Chinyengo ichi chikugwiliskirika ntchito pa kusambizga za [[kumanya sayansi|kumanya sayansi]]. Ŵanthu ŵakalemba mapempho kuti mankhwala ŵakanizgike, kweni “dihydrogen monoxide” ni maji pera. Nkhani iyi yikulongora nkhongono ya mazgu gha sayansi pa maghanoghano gha ŵanthu. Nthabwala iyi yikuchali kugwiliskirika ntchito mu masambiro gha sayansi. Ŵasambiri ŵakulisambira mu sukulu. ([[Chinyengo cha Dihydrogen Monoxide|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2w7n3petj7qtsstwtrs1edmyq1uwujo 4 49007 120507 2026-09-01T01:19:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:HansIsland.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Whisky ya Hans Island]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya malo pakati pa [[Canada]] na [[Denmark]] pa chilwa cha [[Hans Island]]. Kwa nyengo, ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru viŵiri ŵakalutanga ku chilwa ichi na kwimikako mbendera yawo. Ŵakachitanga chinthu chinyake chakusekeska: ŵanthu ŵa Canada ŵakasiyanga botolo la whisky, ndipo ŵa Denmark ŵakasiyanga schnapps. Apo gulu limoza lafika,..." 120507 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:HansIsland.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Whisky ya Hans Island]]''' yikaŵa mphindano ya malo pakati pa [[Canada]] na [[Denmark]] pa chilwa cha [[Hans Island]]. Kwa nyengo, ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru viŵiri ŵakalutanga ku chilwa ichi na kwimikako mbendera yawo. Ŵakachitanga chinthu chinyake chakusekeska: ŵanthu ŵa Canada ŵakasiyanga botolo la whisky, ndipo ŵa Denmark ŵakasiyanga schnapps. Apo gulu limoza lafika, ŵakatolanga botolo la munyawo na kuŵikapo lawo. Ntheura mphindano iyi yikazgoka yakumanyikwa nga ni [[Nkhondo ya Whisky|Nkhondo ya Whisky]]. Nangauli pakaŵavya nkhondo yikuru, vyaru viŵiri vikapangana vya mphaka mu 2022. Chochitika ichi chikulongora kuti mphindano ya malo yingakhala yakupepuka. Chilwa ichi nchakutali chomene. Ŵalongozgi ŵakakhumba kumazga mphindano mwamtende. ([[Nkhondo ya Whisky ya Hans Island|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6rvmjvdw9uusoo92k9oj5mebheog93r 4 49008 120508 2026-09-01T01:20:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Blair Mountain Fighting.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Blair Mountain]]''' yikaŵa kukumana kwa ŵantchito na ŵasilikari ku [[West Virginia]] mu 1921. Ŵakuchera malasha pafupifupi 10,000 ŵakanyamura mfuti kuti ŵakhozge ufulu wa [[bungwe la ŵantchito|bungwe la ŵantchito]]. Ŵakakumana na ŵapolisia, ŵalindizgi ŵa migodi na ŵasilikari ŵa boma. Nkhondo yikatora mazuŵa ghanayi ndipo mizinga yikujumpha miliyon..." 120508 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Blair Mountain Fighting.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Blair Mountain]]''' yikaŵa kukumana kwa ŵantchito na ŵasilikari ku [[West Virginia]] mu 1921. Ŵakuchera malasha pafupifupi 10,000 ŵakanyamura mfuti kuti ŵakhozge ufulu wa [[bungwe la ŵantchito|bungwe la ŵantchito]]. Ŵakakumana na ŵapolisia, ŵalindizgi ŵa migodi na ŵasilikari ŵa boma. Nkhondo yikatora mazuŵa ghanayi ndipo mizinga yikujumpha miliyoni yikawomberwa. Ŵanthu ŵakafwa pakati pa ŵantchito na ŵalindizgi, ndipo [[Gulu la Ŵasilikari ŵa America|Ŵasilikari ŵa America]] ŵakafika. Pamanyuma ŵantchito ŵanandi ŵakajipeleka. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo masuzgo gha ntchito na ufulu wa ŵantchito ghangafika pakupanga nkhondo. Ŵanthu ŵakumbukira nkhondo iyi. Ŵantchito ŵakapokera chisambizgo chikuru kufuma ku nkhondo iyi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵa mu malo ghakofya. ([[Nkhondo ya Blair Mountain|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> lr1yghc3x58lytpdd1k3e2sf9lekb0t 4 49009 120509 2026-09-01T01:20:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ghost Army dummy tank, International Spy Museum.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Gulu la Vizimu]]''' likaŵa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa [[United States Army]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu|Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu]] ilo likagwiliskira ntchito [[Vinyengo vya nkhondo|vinyengo vya nkhondo]]. Gulu ili likaŵa na ŵanthu 1,100 ndipo likagwiliskira ntchito [[Matangi gha mphepo|matangi gha mphepo]], ndege zakupangika nga zizaŵenge..." 120509 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ghost Army dummy tank, International Spy Museum.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Gulu la Vizimu]]''' likaŵa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa [[United States Army]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu|Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu]] ilo likagwiliskira ntchito [[Vinyengo vya nkhondo|vinyengo vya nkhondo]]. Gulu ili likaŵa na ŵanthu 1,100 ndipo likagwiliskira ntchito [[Matangi gha mphepo|matangi gha mphepo]], ndege zakupangika nga zizaŵenge zeneko, mawu gha sitima na mawayilesi ghatesi. Chilato chikaŵa kupusika ŵasilikari ŵa Germany. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵaluso. Ŵakachita ntchito zakupusika zakujumpha 20 mu Europe. Nkhani yawo yikasungika chibisika kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 50. Yikulongora kuti nkhondo yingasinthika na chinyengo. Ŵakawovwira ŵanyake na vinyengo vyawo. Ŵakagwiliskira ntchito luso na sayansi. Ŵakawovwira ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pa nkhondo kutali. ([[Gulu la Vizimu|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> syug2snw4j2gw3w3k3qngd3vyij6h5f 4 49010 120510 2026-09-01T01:20:47Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Münster]]''' kukachitika mu [[Münster]] mu 1534–1535 apo gulu la [[Ŵanabaptist|Ŵanabaptist]] likapanga boma mukati mwa msumba. [[John of Leiden]] wakajichema themba ndipo wakakhazikiska [[Nthengwa za ŵanthu ŵanandi|nthengwa za ŵanakazi ŵanandi]]. Msumba ukazingilizgika na ŵasilikari ŵa bishopu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakamba kusoŵa chakurya. Ŵalongozgi ap..." 120510 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Münster]]''' kukachitika mu [[Münster]] mu 1534–1535 apo gulu la [[Ŵanabaptist|Ŵanabaptist]] likapanga boma mukati mwa msumba. [[John of Leiden]] wakajichema themba ndipo wakakhazikiska [[Nthengwa za ŵanthu ŵanandi|nthengwa za ŵanakazi ŵanandi]]. Msumba ukazingilizgika na ŵasilikari ŵa bishopu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakamba kusoŵa chakurya. Ŵalongozgi apo msumba ukathereskeka, ndipo ŵakaŵeruzgika na kukomeka mu 1536. Matupi ghawo ghakaŵikika mu [[chikhola|vikhola]] pa [[Tchalitchi cha St Lambert|tchalitchi cha St Lambert]]. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo chipulikano, ndale na nkhaza vingasanganirana mu boma limoza. [[Kuwukira kwa Münster|Kuwukira kwa Münster]] yikakhala nkhani yakumanyikwa mu mbiri ya [[Kusinthika kwa Chipembedzo|Kusinthika kwa Chipembedzo]]. Chochitika ichi chikakumbukika chifukwa cha nkhaza na kusintha kwa chipembedzo. ([[Kuwukira kwa Münster|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> rux40zefxm725e7v16kjzslxtdwib0i 4 49011 120511 2026-09-01T01:23:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bath School disaster showing front of school.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya Bath]]''' likachitika pa 18 Meyi 1927 ku Bath Township, Michigan, apo Andrew Kehoe wakaswa [[Bath Consolidated School|sukulu ya Bath]] na mabomba agho wakaŵika mwachisisi. Kuphulika kukamba mu nyumba ya sukulu ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakaŵa mukati. Ŵanthu 38 ŵakafwa pa sukulu, ndipo Kehoe pamanyuma wakachitiska kuphulika kwo kumukom..." 120511 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bath School disaster showing front of school.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya Bath]]''' likachitika pa 18 Meyi 1927 ku Bath Township, Michigan, apo Andrew Kehoe wakaswa [[Bath Consolidated School|sukulu ya Bath]] na mabomba agho wakaŵika mwachisisi. Kuphulika kukamba mu nyumba ya sukulu ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakaŵa mukati. Ŵanthu 38 ŵakafwa pa sukulu, ndipo Kehoe pamanyuma wakachitiska kuphulika kwo kumukoma iyo na ŵanthu ŵanyake. Mu zuŵa lenelili wakakoma muwoli wake Nellie ndipo wakaparanya nyumba yake na mabomba. Ŵafukufuku ŵakasanga mabomba ghakujumpha mapaundi 500 ghakaŵikika mu chigaŵa chinyake cha sukulu ndipo ghakaŵa ghindaphulike. Nkhani iyi yikulongora soka likuru la sukulu mu mbiri ya America ndipo yikapangiska ŵanthu kusambira za kuvikilira masukulu ku mabomba na nkhaza. Ŵanthu ŵa Bath ŵakakumbuka ŵana na ŵasambizgi awo ŵakafwa, ndipo malo agha ghachali kukumbukika mu mbiri ya Michigan. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0cln8kjt2ngsf2vfqqbo69rejqokpu1 4 49012 120512 2026-09-01T01:23:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bath School disaster showing front of school.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya Bath]]''' likachitika pa 18 Meyi 1927 ku Bath Township, Michigan, apo Andrew Kehoe wakaswa [[Bath Consolidated School|sukulu ya Bath]] na mabomba agho wakaŵika mwachisisi. Kuphulika kukamba mu nyumba ya sukulu ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakaŵa mukati. Ŵanthu 38 ŵakafwa pa sukulu, ndipo Kehoe pamanyuma wakachitiska kuphulika kwo kumukom..." 120512 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Bath School disaster showing front of school.png|100px]] </div> '''[[Soka la Sukulu ya Bath]]''' likachitika pa 18 Meyi 1927 ku Bath Township, Michigan, apo Andrew Kehoe wakaswa [[Bath Consolidated School|sukulu ya Bath]] na mabomba agho wakaŵika mwachisisi. Kuphulika kukamba mu nyumba ya sukulu ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakaŵa mukati. Ŵanthu 38 ŵakafwa pa sukulu, ndipo Kehoe pamanyuma wakachitiska kuphulika kwo kumukoma iyo na ŵanthu ŵanyake. Mu zuŵa lenelili wakakoma muwoli wake Nellie ndipo wakaparanya nyumba yake na mabomba. Ŵafukufuku ŵakasanga mabomba ghakujumpha mapaundi 500 ghakaŵikika mu chigaŵa chinyake cha sukulu ndipo ghakaŵa ghindaphulike. Nkhani iyi yikulongora soka likuru la sukulu mu mbiri ya America ndipo yikapangiska ŵanthu kusambira za kuvikilira masukulu ku mabomba na nkhaza. Ŵanthu ŵa Bath ŵakakumbuka ŵana na ŵasambizgi awo ŵakafwa, ndipo malo agha ghachali kukumbukika mu mbiri ya Michigan. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 0cln8kjt2ngsf2vfqqbo69rejqokpu1 4 49013 120513 2026-09-01T01:23:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pope Joan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhani ya Papa Mwanakazi Joan]]''' yikuyowoya za mwanakazi uyo malipoti gha nyengo yakale ghakati wakajivwalika nga mwanalume na kuŵa Papa mu vyaka vya m'ma 800. Malinga na nthano iyi, wakajifuma mu sukulu na kukwera mu mpingo mpaka kusankhika kuŵa Papa. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoya kuti kugonana kwake kukamanyikwa apo wakababa mwana pa ulendo wa ŵapapa, ndipo nyifwa yake yikachitika nyengo y..." 120513 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Pope Joan.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhani ya Papa Mwanakazi Joan]]''' yikuyowoya za mwanakazi uyo malipoti gha nyengo yakale ghakati wakajivwalika nga mwanalume na kuŵa Papa mu vyaka vya m'ma 800. Malinga na nthano iyi, wakajifuma mu sukulu na kukwera mu mpingo mpaka kusankhika kuŵa Papa. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoya kuti kugonana kwake kukamanyikwa apo wakababa mwana pa ulendo wa ŵapapa, ndipo nyifwa yake yikachitika nyengo yeneyiyo. Nkhani iyi yikamba kulembeka mu vyaka vya m'ma 1200 ndipo yikagomezgeka na ŵanthu ŵanandi kwa vyaka vinandi. Kweni ŵakusanda mbiri ŵa mazuŵa ghano ŵakuti Joan wakaŵavya ndipo nkhani iyi yikaŵa nthano. Ŵanthu ŵakawona nkhani iyi mu mabuku, zithuzithuzi na ulongozgi wa chipembedzo. Chochitika ichi chikulongora umo nthano za nyengo yakale zingakhwaska chipulikano cha ŵanthu. Nkhani iyi yikhalabe yakumanyikwa mu mbiri ya upapa. Ŵalembi ŵakamba kuyikambapo kwa vyaka vinandi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> l737ha0sjoqnuneeqa6jza7akvetbrk 4 49014 120514 2026-09-01T01:23:44Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Former headquarters site of Unit 731.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Gulu la 731]]''' likaŵa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Japan ilo likachita kafukufuku wa [[nkhondo ya majeremusi]] na kuyezga pa ŵanthu ku Manchukuo pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu. Likalongozgekanga na [[Shirō Ishii]] ndipo likakhala ku Pingfang pafupi na Harbin. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakoleka ŵakagwiliskirika ntchito pa kuyezga nthenda, kutemeka kwa thupi, kusintha kwa..." 120514 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Former headquarters site of Unit 731.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Gulu la 731]]''' likaŵa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Japan ilo likachita kafukufuku wa [[nkhondo ya majeremusi]] na kuyezga pa ŵanthu ku Manchukuo pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu. Likalongozgekanga na [[Shirō Ishii]] ndipo likakhala ku Pingfang pafupi na Harbin. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakoleka ŵakagwiliskirika ntchito pa kuyezga nthenda, kutemeka kwa thupi, kusintha kwa kutentha na vinthu vyakofya. Ŵanthu ŵa China, Korea, Russia na vyaru vinyake ŵakaŵa pakati pa awo ŵakakhwaskika. Ŵakufufuza ŵakuti ŵanthu masauzandi ŵakafwa mukati mwa malo agha ndipo ŵanyake ŵakafwa chifukwa cha nkhondo ya majeremusi mu China. Pamanyuma pa nkhondo, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa Unit 731 ŵakeruzgika mu [[Soviet Union]], kweni ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakapokera immunity ku America chifukwa cha data ya kafukufuku. Nkhani iyi yikulongora chigaŵa chiheni cha sayansi para yikulongozgeka na nkhondo na kusoŵa kwa ulemu wa umoyo wa munthu. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> q1d3d32qrxbkpmjkr2bc0q9hp7oyr6m 4 49015 120515 2026-09-01T01:23:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Narona hirta 01.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Bakiti ya Muti]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo ya 1325 pakati pa Bologna na Modena ku Italy. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵa chigaŵa cha mphindano yitali pakati pa magulu gha Guelph na Ghibelline. Nthano yakumanyikwa yikati ŴaModena ŵakaba bakiti ya muti kufuma ku chisimi cha Bologna, ndipo ichi chikapangiska ŵaBologna kuluta kukalimbana. Kweni mbiri yikulongora kuti nkhondo yeneko yikamb..." 120515 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Narona hirta 01.JPG|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Bakiti ya Muti]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo ya 1325 pakati pa Bologna na Modena ku Italy. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵa chigaŵa cha mphindano yitali pakati pa magulu gha Guelph na Ghibelline. Nthano yakumanyikwa yikati ŴaModena ŵakaba bakiti ya muti kufuma ku chisimi cha Bologna, ndipo ichi chikapangiska ŵaBologna kuluta kukalimbana. Kweni mbiri yikulongora kuti nkhondo yeneko yikamba chifukwa cha mphindano pa malo na kuwukira kwa vigaŵa vya ŵalwani. Pa [[Nkhondo ya Zappolino|Nkhondo ya Zappolino]], gulu lichoko la Modena likathereska gulu likuru la Bologna. Ŵasilikari ŵa Modena ŵakatora bakiti nga chinthu chakukumbukira. Bakiti iyo yikakhala chimanyikwiro cha nkhondo ndipo yikazgoka nkhani ya ndakatulo ya La secchia rapita ya Alessandro Tassoni. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti nthano yakusekeska yingabisama chifukwa cheneko cha nkhondo yikulu ya ndale. Bakiti yikhalabe yakumanyikwa mpaka lero. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qxx7pw0uz20v6qv754dpuhtx45tcc18 4 49016 120516 2026-09-01T01:24:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of Herrings.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Herring]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo ya 1429 mu [[Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100]] pafupi na Rouvray ku France. Ŵasilikari ŵa France na Scotland ŵakayezga kujumphira gulu la Britain ilo likanyamura katundu kuluta ku Orléans. Katundu uyu wakaŵa na mivi, mizinga na vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa nkhondo, kweniso migolo ya [[nsomba za herring|herring]] zakuti ŵasilik..." 120516 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Battle of Herrings.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo ya Herring]]''' yikaŵa nkhondo ya 1429 mu [[Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100]] pafupi na Rouvray ku France. Ŵasilikari ŵa France na Scotland ŵakayezga kujumphira gulu la Britain ilo likanyamura katundu kuluta ku Orléans. Katundu uyu wakaŵa na mivi, mizinga na vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa nkhondo, kweniso migolo ya [[nsomba za herring|herring]] zakuti ŵasilikari ŵarye pa nyengo ya Lent. Chifukwa cha nsomba izi, nkhondo yikapokera zina lake lakuzizwiska. Ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakanozga magaleta ghawo nga ni linga ndipo ŵakathereska gulu la France na Scotland. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 500 mpaka 600 ŵa France ŵakafwa. Nkhondo iyi yikawovwira kuti France itondeke kuŵa na chiwemi mu kusingirira kwa Orléans. Nkhani iyi yikulongora kuti chinthu chakurya chingaŵa chinthu icho chikupereka zina ku nkhondo yakumanyikwa mu mbiri. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbuka nkhondo iyi. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 5vh3ronrdhs71f5ogitk4m3oczm6rgo 4 49017 120517 2026-09-01T01:24:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Elephantmary.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyovu Mary]]''' wakaŵa [[njovu ya ku Asia]] iyo yikagwiranga ntchito mu circus ya Sparks World Famous Shows ku Tennessee. Mu 1916, Red Eldridge, uyo wakaŵa handler waphya, wakakhwaskika mwakofya na Mary ndipo wakafwa. Mwini wa circus wakasankha kukoma Mary chifukwa cha mantha kuti yingaŵa ngozi ku ŵanthu. Pa 13 Sepitembala 1916, Mary wakanyamulika na sitima kuya ku Erwin, uko gul..." 120517 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Elephantmary.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nyovu Mary]]''' wakaŵa [[njovu ya ku Asia]] iyo yikagwiranga ntchito mu circus ya Sparks World Famous Shows ku Tennessee. Mu 1916, Red Eldridge, uyo wakaŵa handler waphya, wakakhwaskika mwakofya na Mary ndipo wakafwa. Mwini wa circus wakasankha kukoma Mary chifukwa cha mantha kuti yingaŵa ngozi ku ŵanthu. Pa 13 Sepitembala 1916, Mary wakanyamulika na sitima kuya ku Erwin, uko gulu likuru la ŵanthu likawungana kuti liwone kukomeka kwake. Ŵakamupachika na [[makina ghakunyamula katundu|crane]] pa njanji. Mphanda yakwamba yikadumulika, ndipo Mary wakawa na kuvunika. Pamanyuma ŵakamupachika so ndipo wakafwa. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka yakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha nthowa yakuŵawiska iyo yakachitikira nyama yikuluyikulu. Lero, nkhani ya Mary yikukumbuska za umo ŵanthu ŵakachitira na nyama za circus kale na kusintha kwa maghanoghano gha chitetezo cha nyama. Chithuzithuzi chake chikusungika pa Commons. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> jk0474skcjwno9oili62sa6fm1lsjxp 4 49018 120518 2026-09-01T01:24:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:USRadiumGirls-Argonne1,ca1922-23-150dpi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵasungwana ŵa Radium]]''' ŵakaŵa ŵantchito ŵanakazi awo ŵakapenda mawotchi na radium mu mafakitale gha United States mu vyaka vya m'ma 1910 na 1920. Kampani zikaŵaphalira kuti utoto wa radium ukaŵavya suzgo, ndipo ŵantchito ŵanyake ŵakaphalizgika kusongola maburashi mu milomo kuti ghakaŵa ghapusu. Ntheura ŵakamezga radium pachanya pa ntchito z..." 120518 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:USRadiumGirls-Argonne1,ca1922-23-150dpi.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵasungwana ŵa Radium]]''' ŵakaŵa ŵantchito ŵanakazi awo ŵakapenda mawotchi na radium mu mafakitale gha United States mu vyaka vya m'ma 1910 na 1920. Kampani zikaŵaphalira kuti utoto wa radium ukaŵavya suzgo, ndipo ŵantchito ŵanyake ŵakaphalizgika kusongola maburashi mu milomo kuti ghakaŵa ghapusu. Ntheura ŵakamezga radium pachanya pa ntchito zuŵa na zuŵa. Pamanyuma ŵanandi ŵakamba kukhala na suzgo la mano na mafupa, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakafwa. Ŵanakazi ŵanyake ŵakazenga milandu pa makampani awo, kweni ŵakakumana na kukana. Milandu iyi yikapangiska ŵanthu kumanya makora za kuvunda na radiation na chitetezo cha ŵantchito. Ŵakufufuza ŵakulongora kuti Radium Girls ŵakawovwira kusintha malango gha ntchito ku United States. Nkhani yawo yikulongora umo ŵantchito awo ŵakaŵa ŵambura nkhongono ku kampani ŵangapangiska kusintha kwa malango gha umoyo. Mbiri yawo yikuchali kusambizga za chitetezo cha radiation na udindo wa makampani. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 00blk2c15026xpt7rkwytr59d53tok2 4 49019 120519 2026-09-01T01:24:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Princes in the Tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵaŵiri mu Tower ya London]]''' ŵakaŵa Edward V na Richard, ŵana ŵa Edward IV awo ŵakazimirika mu 1483. Ŵana aŵa ŵakaŵikika mu Tower of London apo ŵakalindiliranga kuŵa fumukazi na wakeredwa. Kweni pambere ŵalutire ku coronation, ŵakaphalazgika kuti ŵakaŵa ŵambura kwenelera kuŵa ŵalongozgi chifukwa cha nkhani ya ubabiko. Richard III wakatora ufumu..." 120519 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Princes in the Tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵaŵiri mu Tower ya London]]''' ŵakaŵa Edward V na Richard, ŵana ŵa Edward IV awo ŵakazimirika mu 1483. Ŵana aŵa ŵakaŵikika mu Tower of London apo ŵakalindiliranga kuŵa fumukazi na wakeredwa. Kweni pambere ŵalutire ku coronation, ŵakaphalazgika kuti ŵakaŵa ŵambura kwenelera kuŵa ŵalongozgi chifukwa cha nkhani ya ubabiko. Richard III wakatora ufumu, ndipo ŵana ŵakawonekerapo yayi so. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵakakomeka, kweni palije ukaboni wakukwana uwo ukulongora uyo wakaŵakoma. Mu 1674, ŵantchito ŵakasanga mafupa gha ŵana ŵaŵiri pasi pa masitepe mu Tower. Charles II wakaŵaŵika mu Westminster Abbey nga ni mafupa gha ŵana, kweni sayansi yindasimikizge. Nkhani iyi yikhalabe fumbo likuru la mbiri ya England ndipo yikupangiska ŵanthu kujifumba usange ŵana ŵa ufumu ŵakakomeka panji ŵakapona. Mafupa agha ghachali na mafumbo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gty2txfundho6b3brk8u7nqjef1upxu 4 49020 120520 2026-09-01T01:25:41Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Princes in the Tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵaŵiri mu Tower ya London]]''' ŵakaŵa Edward V na Richard, ŵana ŵa Edward IV awo ŵakazimirika mu 1483. Ŵana aŵa ŵakaŵikika mu Tower of London apo ŵakalindiliranga kuŵa fumukazi na wakeredwa. Kweni pambere ŵalutire ku coronation, ŵakaphalazgika kuti ŵakaŵa ŵambura kwenelera kuŵa ŵalongozgi chifukwa cha nkhani ya ubabiko. Richard III wakatora ufumu..." 120520 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:The Princes in the Tower.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵaŵiri mu Tower ya London]]''' ŵakaŵa Edward V na Richard, ŵana ŵa Edward IV awo ŵakazimirika mu 1483. Ŵana aŵa ŵakaŵikika mu Tower of London apo ŵakalindiliranga kuŵa fumukazi na wakeredwa. Kweni pambere ŵalutire ku coronation, ŵakaphalazgika kuti ŵakaŵa ŵambura kwenelera kuŵa ŵalongozgi chifukwa cha nkhani ya ubabiko. Richard III wakatora ufumu, ndipo ŵana ŵakawonekerapo yayi so. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵakakomeka, kweni palije ukaboni wakukwana uwo ukulongora uyo wakaŵakoma. Mu 1674, ŵantchito ŵakasanga mafupa gha ŵana ŵaŵiri pasi pa masitepe mu Tower. Charles II wakaŵaŵika mu Westminster Abbey nga ni mafupa gha ŵana, kweni sayansi yindasimikizge. Nkhani iyi yikhalabe fumbo likuru la mbiri ya England ndipo yikupangiska ŵanthu kujifumba usange ŵana ŵa ufumu ŵakakomeka panji ŵakapona. Mafupa agha ghachali na mafumbo. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> gty2txfundho6b3brk8u7nqjef1upxu 4 49021 120521 2026-09-01T01:27:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Horse Drawn Carriage ca 1890.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nthano ya Manyiho gha Mahachi]]''' yikuyowoya za suzgo ilo mizinda yikeneranga kukumana nalo apo magalimoto gha mahachi ghakaŵa ghanandi mu vyaka vya m'ma 19. Misewu ya London, New York na mizinda yinyake yikazuranga na manyiho gha mahachi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakeneranga kuyitozga na kuyifumiska. Mu 1894, nkhani yikamba kuyowoya kuti London yingaŵikika pasi pa manyiho p..." 120521 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Horse Drawn Carriage ca 1890.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nthano ya Manyiho gha Mahachi]]''' yikuyowoya za suzgo ilo mizinda yikeneranga kukumana nalo apo magalimoto gha mahachi ghakaŵa ghanandi mu vyaka vya m'ma 19. Misewu ya London, New York na mizinda yinyake yikazuranga na manyiho gha mahachi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakeneranga kuyitozga na kuyifumiska. Mu 1894, nkhani yikamba kuyowoya kuti London yingaŵikika pasi pa manyiho para mahachi ghalutilira kwanda, kweni kafukufuku wakwambilira wakasanga yayi nkhani yeneyiyo mu Times. Ntheura “Crisis ya Manyiho gha Mahachi” yikuzgoka nthano ya ndondomeko ya msumba, osati soka ilo likachitika nadi. Pamanyuma, magalimoto gha mafuta na mabasi ghakasintha mayendedwe gha msumba, ndipo suzgo la manyiho likachepa. Nkhani iyi yikulongora umo tekinoloje yiphya yingamazgira suzgo ilo likawoneka nga ndambura kumara. Chochitika ichi ntchaunenesko yayi nga umo nthano yikuyowoyera, kweni chikupereka chisambizgo chakuzirwa pa kusintha kwa mizinda. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g7gf7of5z6sqo23we6kojosyqxhzwyp 4 49022 120522 2026-09-01T01:27:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Чумной бунт в Москве (1771) 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nthenda ya Moscow]]''' kukachitika mu 1771 apo nthenda ya [[Bubonic plague|bubonic]] yikathandazgika mu [[Moscow]]. Malango ghakuru gha [[Karantini|quarantine]], kujala misika na nyumba, ndiposo kutaya vinthu vyakakhwaskika vikapangiska ŵanthu kukwiya. Pa 15 Sepitembala, gulu likuru la ŵanthu likaluta ku [[Red Square|Red Square]] ndipo..." 120522 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Чумной бунт в Москве (1771) 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nthenda ya Moscow]]''' kukachitika mu 1771 apo nthenda ya [[Bubonic plague|bubonic]] yikathandazgika mu [[Moscow]]. Malango ghakuru gha [[Karantini|quarantine]], kujala misika na nyumba, ndiposo kutaya vinthu vyakakhwaskika vikapangiska ŵanthu kukwiya. Pa 15 Sepitembala, gulu likuru la ŵanthu likaluta ku [[Red Square|Red Square]] ndipo likanjilira mu [[Kremlin]]. Ŵanthu ŵakaparanya nyumba ya archbishop, ndipo Archbishop [[Ambrosius]] wakakomeka. Ŵasilikari ŵa [[Russia]] pamanyuma ŵakawombera gulu ilo likawukira ndipo ŵanandi ŵakakoleka. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti nthenda iyi yikakoma ŵanthu masauzandi ghanandi mu Moscow. Chochitika ichi chikulongora umo mantha gha nthenda na malango ghakukhora ghangasanduka vivulupi vya ŵanthu. Nthenda yikapangiska njala na kusoŵa kwa ntchito, ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵakeneranga kupeleka chakurya na kupanga malo gha quarantine. Nkhani iyi njimoza mwa ziwelero zakuzizwiska chomene mu mbiri ya Moscow. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbukira soka ili kwa nyengo yitali. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> m2gztu8bhtfhfm6b6pf718s6akiga6a 4 49023 120523 2026-09-01T01:28:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:William of Orange III and his Dutch army land in Brixham, 1688.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688]]''' chikaŵa mantha ghakuru mu [[England]] mu Disembala 1688 apo nkhani zautesi zikati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ŵakukhumba kuwotcha misumba na kukoma ŵanthu. Nkhani izi zikathandazgika kufuma ku [[London]] kuya ku counties 19. Ŵanthu ŵakanyamura vyakurwa na kupanga magulu ghakujiŵika. Mu [[Wales]]..." 120523 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:William of Orange III and his Dutch army land in Brixham, 1688.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688]]''' chikaŵa mantha ghakuru mu [[England]] mu Disembala 1688 apo nkhani zautesi zikati ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ŵakukhumba kuwotcha misumba na kukoma ŵanthu. Nkhani izi zikathandazgika kufuma ku [[London]] kuya ku counties 19. Ŵanthu ŵakanyamura vyakurwa na kupanga magulu ghakujiŵika. Mu [[Wales]] na England, nkhani zautesi zikapangiska ŵanthu kuthawa. Palije gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ireland ilo likachita nkhaza izo zikayowoyeka. Mantha ghakamara mu mazuŵa. Ŵakufufuza ŵakughanaghana kuti nkhani izi zingaŵa zikaŵa zakupangika na ŵakukhozga [[William III|William wa Orange]]. Chochitika ichi chikulongora nkhani zautesi zingapangiska mantha. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kujivikilira ku mulwani uyo wakaŵavya. Nkhani iyi yikulongora nkhongono ya mphekesera mu nyengo ya mphindano za ndale. ([[Mantha gha ŴaIrishi gha 1688|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4kfwdrvtneg4phwul8f5kemcrpn3yzp 4 49024 120524 2026-09-01T01:28:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Чумной бунт в Москве (1771) 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nthenda ya Moscow]]''' kukachitika mu 1771 apo nthenda ya [[Bubonic plague|bubonic]] yikathandazgika mu [[Moscow]]. Malango ghakuru gha [[Karantini|quarantine]], kujala misika na nyumba, ndiposo kutaya vinthu vyakakhwaskika vikapangiska ŵanthu kukwiya. Pa 15 Sepitembala, gulu likuru la ŵanthu likaluta ku [[Red Square|Red Square]] ndipo..." 120524 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Чумной бунт в Москве (1771) 2.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Kuwukira kwa Nthenda ya Moscow]]''' kukachitika mu 1771 apo nthenda ya [[Bubonic plague|bubonic]] yikathandazgika mu [[Moscow]]. Malango ghakuru gha [[Karantini|quarantine]], kujala misika na nyumba, ndiposo kutaya vinthu vyakakhwaskika vikapangiska ŵanthu kukwiya. Pa 15 Sepitembala, gulu likuru la ŵanthu likaluta ku [[Red Square|Red Square]] ndipo likanjilira mu [[Kremlin]]. Ŵanthu ŵakaparanya nyumba ya archbishop, ndipo Archbishop [[Ambrosius]] wakakomeka. Ŵasilikari ŵa [[Russia]] pamanyuma ŵakawombera gulu ilo likawukira ndipo ŵanandi ŵakakoleka. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti nthenda iyi yikakoma ŵanthu masauzandi ghanandi mu Moscow. Chochitika ichi chikulongora umo mantha gha nthenda na malango ghakukhora ghangasanduka vivulupi vya ŵanthu. Nthenda yikapangiska njala na kusoŵa kwa ntchito, ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵakeneranga kupeleka chakurya na kupanga malo gha quarantine. Nkhani iyi njimoza mwa ziwelero zakuzizwiska chomene mu mbiri ya Moscow. Ŵanthu ŵakakumbukira soka ili kwa nyengo yitali. <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> m2gztu8bhtfhfm6b6pf718s6akiga6a 4 49025 120525 2026-09-01T01:28:50Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Scopes_trial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mlandu wa Scopes]]''' ukaŵa mlandu wa ku [[Tennessee]] mu 1925 apo msambizgi [[John T. Scopes]] wakazengedwa mulandu chifukwa chakusambizga [[evolution|kusinthika kwa viŵikwa]] mu sukulu. Mlandu uwu ukanozgeka mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa nyuzipepala ŵize ku Dayton. Ŵalongozgi ŵakasangana mu khoti, ndipo [[William Jennings Bryan]] wakayowoya pa nkhani ya chipulikano na sayansi...." 120525 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Scopes_trial.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Mlandu wa Scopes]]''' ukaŵa mlandu wa ku [[Tennessee]] mu 1925 apo msambizgi [[John T. Scopes]] wakazengedwa mulandu chifukwa chakusambizga [[evolution|kusinthika kwa viŵikwa]] mu sukulu. Mlandu uwu ukanozgeka mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa nyuzipepala ŵize ku Dayton. Ŵalongozgi ŵakasangana mu khoti, ndipo [[William Jennings Bryan]] wakayowoya pa nkhani ya chipulikano na sayansi. Scopes wakapezeka na mulandu, kweni chilango chake chikachotsedwa pamanyuma chifukwa cha suzgo la dango. Mlandu uwu ukazgoka chimanyikwiro cha mphindano pakati pa sayansi na chipulikano mu America. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza ku Dayton kuzakawona khoti ndipo nkhani iyi yikafika ku manyuzipepala gha vyaru vinandi. ([[Mlandu wa Scopes|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> nw1wo5cvr5m1kttg52qz43g53xp53a0 4 49026 120526 2026-09-01T01:29:14Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SarahWildesArrestWarrant.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milandu ya Ufiti ya Salem]]''' yikachitika mu [[Massachusetts]] mu 1692–1693 apo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 ŵakaŵa ŵakuphalirika kuti ŵakachita [[ufiti]]. Ŵanthu ŵakagwiliskira ntchito ukaboni wa vinthu ivyo ŵakawonanga mu maghanoghano, ndipo ŵanthu 19 ŵakakomeka pamanyuma pa milandu iyi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakafwa mu jele. Nthenda ya mantha yikathandazgika mu viji..." 120526 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:SarahWildesArrestWarrant.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Milandu ya Ufiti ya Salem]]''' yikachitika mu [[Massachusetts]] mu 1692–1693 apo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 ŵakaŵa ŵakuphalirika kuti ŵakachita [[ufiti]]. Ŵanthu ŵakagwiliskira ntchito ukaboni wa vinthu ivyo ŵakawonanga mu maghanoghano, ndipo ŵanthu 19 ŵakakomeka pamanyuma pa milandu iyi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakafwa mu jele. Nthenda ya mantha yikathandazgika mu vijiji, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakagomezga kuti ŵazenga ŵanyawo chifukwa cha uchawi. Pamanyuma, alongozgi ŵakayamba kukayikira milandu iyi ndipo khoti likalekera kuŵeruzga ŵanthu. Chochitika ichi chikakhala chenjezgo pa milandu ya mantha na ukaboni wambura kukwana. ([[Milandu ya Ufiti ya Salem|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> glo83l8nbpbwoegkdcnxkxnu7dd51yz 4 49027 120527 2026-09-01T01:29:53Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:WoolpitSign.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵabiri Ŵakubiriŵira ŵa Woolpit]]''' ni nthano ya ku [[England]] ya mu vyaka vya m'ma 12 ya ŵana ŵaŵiri awo ŵakayowoyeka kuti ŵakaŵa na khungu lakubiriŵira. Ŵana aŵa ŵakasangika pafupi na [[Woolpit]] ku Suffolk, ndipo pakwamba ŵakakana chakurya chinandi kweni ŵakalyanga nyemba zambura kuphika. Malinga na nkhani yakale, ŵana ŵakamba kusintha khungu pamanyuma paku..." 120527 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:WoolpitSign.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Ŵana Ŵabiri Ŵakubiriŵira ŵa Woolpit]]''' ni nthano ya ku [[England]] ya mu vyaka vya m'ma 12 ya ŵana ŵaŵiri awo ŵakayowoyeka kuti ŵakaŵa na khungu lakubiriŵira. Ŵana aŵa ŵakasangika pafupi na [[Woolpit]] ku Suffolk, ndipo pakwamba ŵakakana chakurya chinandi kweni ŵakalyanga nyemba zambura kuphika. Malinga na nkhani yakale, ŵana ŵakamba kusintha khungu pamanyuma pakudya vyakurya vinyake. Mnyamata wakafwa, apo msungwana wakakura ndipo pamanyuma wakalongora nkhani yakuti ŵakafuma ku malo ghakuzura na chimanyinyo cha mise. Ŵalembi ŵakachali kusunga nkhani iyi, ndipo yikazgoka nthano yakumanyikwa mu England. Nthano iyi yikachali kumanyikwa mu mabuku gha mbiri na nkhani za ku England. ([[Ŵana Ŵabiri Ŵakubiriŵira ŵa Woolpit|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 2o3q7qzxofrj6em15ps0ohto5wo4rud 4 49028 120528 2026-09-01T01:30:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ice cream van adjusted.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo za Ice Cream za Glasgow]]''' zikaŵa mphindano pakati pa magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakaguliskanga vyakurya na vinthu vyakubisika mu ma ice cream vans ku [[Glasgow]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980. Magulu agha ghakatimbana pa malo ghakuguliskirapo, ndipo ice cream vans zinyake zikagwiliskirika ntchito pa malonda gha [[drug trafficking|mankhwala ghakukana]]. Suzgo likafika pach..." 120528 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Ice cream van adjusted.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Nkhondo za Ice Cream za Glasgow]]''' zikaŵa mphindano pakati pa magulu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakaguliskanga vyakurya na vinthu vyakubisika mu ma ice cream vans ku [[Glasgow]] mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980. Magulu agha ghakatimbana pa malo ghakuguliskirapo, ndipo ice cream vans zinyake zikagwiliskirika ntchito pa malonda gha [[drug trafficking|mankhwala ghakukana]]. Suzgo likafika pachanya apo nyumba ya mbumba yimoza yikayaka moto mu 1984 ndipo ŵanthu ŵatatu ŵakafwa. Milandu yikatora vyaka vinandi, ndipo khoti pamanyuma likasinthirapo milandu ya ŵanthu ŵanyake. Vivulupi ivi vikapangiska mantha mu vigaŵa vya Glasgow, ndipo polisi yikakumana na suzgo la kumanya magulu agho ghakaŵa na ntchito za upandu. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka yakumanyikwa mu Scotland. ([[Nkhondo za Ice Cream za Glasgow|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 71alyc7e5ht616qp7nm8zjc6tw0lt6g 4 49029 120529 2026-09-01T01:30:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Jimmy Carter in boat chasing away swimming rabbit, Plains, Georgia - 19790420.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chochitika cha Kalulu cha Jimmy Carter]]''' chikachitika mu 1979 apo [[Jimmy Carter]], pulezidenti wa United States, wakafiskanga nyengo ya holide ku famu yake ku [[Georgia]]. Apo wakaŵa mu boti lichoko pa dambo, wakawona [[swamp rabbit|kalulu wa mu madambo]] uyo wakaswimanga kuluta kwa iyo. Carter wakakhazika kalulu u..." 120529 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Jimmy Carter in boat chasing away swimming rabbit, Plains, Georgia - 19790420.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[Chochitika cha Kalulu cha Jimmy Carter]]''' chikachitika mu 1979 apo [[Jimmy Carter]], pulezidenti wa United States, wakafiskanga nyengo ya holide ku famu yake ku [[Georgia]]. Apo wakaŵa mu boti lichoko pa dambo, wakawona [[swamp rabbit|kalulu wa mu madambo]] uyo wakaswimanga kuluta kwa iyo. Carter wakakhazika kalulu uyu na paddle, ndipo wakaluta. Pamanyuma nkhani iyi yikafika ku nyuzipepala na kumanyikwa nga ni [[kuwukira kwa kalulu wakukoma|kuwukira kwa kalulu wakukoma]]. Kweni kalulu uyu wakamupweteka Carter yayi. Nkhani iyi yikazgoka nthabwala yakumanyikwa mu ndale za America. Manyuzipepala ghakakwezga nkhani yichoko na kuyisandula nga ni kuwukira kukuru. ([[Chochitika cha Kalulu cha Jimmy Carter|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Makani gha mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> qtvji62zzvl7571hc4oh79syhs3ivs1