Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4392 121819 63548 2026-09-08T06:16:19Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 121819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg | image_upright = 1.1 | image_caption = Ng'ombe ya mtundu wa Swiss Fleckvieh iyo yikuvwara kampasi | status = DOM | genus = Bos | species = taurus | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | synonyms = * ''Bos primigenius taurus'' * ''Bos longifrons'' | range_map = GLW 2 global distributions of a) cattle.tif | range_map_caption = Bovine distribution }} '''Ng’ombe''' ('''Bos taurus''') ni nyama zikuruzikuru, zakukhazikika, zakudumura, zakurya vyakumera. Ni viŵeto vya mazuŵa ghano vya mu mbumba ya Bovinae, ndipo ni vyamoyo ivyo vikusangika chomene mu fuko la Bos. Ŵanakazi ŵakukhwima ŵakucemeka ng'ombe ndipo ŵanalume ŵakukhwima ŵakucemeka ng'ombe zanalume. Ng'ombe zikuliskika kuti ziŵe na nyama, mkaka, na vikumba. Vinyama ivi vikugwiliskirika nchito pakuŵa viŵeto vyakukwelera na vyakukwerapo (ng'ombe panji ng'ombe, izo zikuguza magileta, viŵeto na vinthu vinyake). Vinthu vinyake ivyo ng'ombe zikuguliska ni vyoto ivyo vikugwiliskirika nchito kupanga manyowa panji mafuta. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni ku [[India]], ng'ombe zili na ng'anamuro likuru pa nkhani ya cisopa. Ng'ombe, comenecomene za mitundu yicoko nga ni Zebu, nazo zikuŵikika kuŵa viŵeto. Viŵeto vyakupambanapambana vikusangika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ng'ombe izi zikusangika comene mu vyaru vya ku [[Europe]], Asia, America, na Australia. Ng'ombe za zebus (izo zikuchemekaso kuti ng'ombe za indicine) zikuzunulika chomene mu India na mu vyaru vyakutentha vya ku Asia, America, na Australia. Ng'ombe za Sanga zikusangika comene mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Mitundu iyi (iyo nyengo zinyake yikuchemeka kuti mitundu panji vigaŵa) yili kugaŵika mu mitundu yakujumpha 1,000. Pafupifupi vyaka 10,500 ivyo vyajumpha, ng'ombe za ng'ombe za ng'ombe zikaŵa za viŵeto vya viŵeto 80 mu chigaŵa chapakati cha Anatolia, Levant, na Western Iran. <ref name="HowNowCow">{{cite journal |last1=Bollongino |first1=R. |last2=Burger |first2=J. |last3=Powell |first3=A. |last4=Mashkour |first4=M. |last5=Vigne |first5=J.-D. |last6=Thomas |first6=M. G. |year=2012 |title=Modern taurine cattle descended from small number of Near-Eastern founders |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=2101–2104 |doi=10.1093/molbev/mss092 |pmid=22422765 |doi-access=free }} Op. cit. in {{cite news |last1=Wilkins |first1=Alasdair |work=[[io9]] |url=http://io9.com/5897169/dna-reveals-that-cows-were-almost-impossible-to-domesticate?tag=archaeology |title=DNA reveals that cows were almost impossible to domesticate |date=28 March 2012 |access-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512072737/http://io9.com/5897169/dna-reveals-that-cows-were-almost-impossible-to-domesticate?tag=archaeology |archive-date=12 May 2012 }}</ref> Mu chigaŵa cha India, pakaŵaso chigaŵa chinyake icho chikaŵa na chiŵeto chakuchemeka zebu. Kuyana na wupu wakuwona vya vyakurya na ulimi (FAO), pa charu pali ng'ombe pafupifupi 1.5 biliyoni. <ref name="Live Animals">{{cite web |title=Live Animals |url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA/visualize |website=FAO |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831082444/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home |archive-date=31 August 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ng'ombe ndizo zikupangiska kuti viŵeto vipelekenge magesi ghakukoma. <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=2 October 2021|title=Treating beef like coal would make a big dent in greenhouse-gas emissions|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/10/02/treating-beef-like-coal-would-make-a-big-dent-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions|access-date=3 November 2021|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Mu 2009, ng'ombe yikaŵa yimoza mwa viŵeto vyakwamba kuŵa na mapu gha viŵeto. <ref name="Cattle genome">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/23/AR2009042303453.html |title=Scientists Unravel Genome of the Cow |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=23 April 2009 |access-date=23 April 2009 |first=David |last=Brown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203746/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/23/AR2009042303453.html |archive-date=28 June 2011 }}</ref> ==Kulemba== [[File:Zubron2.jpg|thumb|[[European bisonlamangwisent]] na ng'ombe zakusazgikana zina lake [[Żubroń]]]] Pakwamba ng'ombe zikamanyikwanga kuti ni mitundu yitatu: 'Bos taurus', ng'ombe za ku Europe panji 'taurine' (mwa mitundu yakuyana waka ya ku Africa na Asia); 'Bos indicus', 'zebu Indicine' na 'Bos primigenius' izo zili kufwa. Viyuni ivi vikulongozgana na ng'ombe za zebus na za taurine. <ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222110938 |title=On the origin of cattle: How aurochs became domestic and colonized the world |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology |volume=19 |pages=148–157 |access-date=3 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171106/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222110938_On_the_origin_of_cattle_how_aurochs_became_domestic_and_colonized_the_world |archive-date=4 December 2017 |date=January 2010 |last1=Ajmone-Marsan |first1=Paolo |last2=Garcia |first2=J.F |last3=Lenstra |first3=Johannes |doi=10.1002/evan.20267 |s2cid=86035650 }}</ref> Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵakaŵasintha kuŵa mtundu umoza, "Bos taurus", ndipo vikoko vya aurochs, zebu, na taurine vikaŵa vigaŵa viŵiri. <ref name="MSW3Bostaurus">{{MSW3 Artiodactyla|id=14200687|heading=''Bos taurus''}}</ref> Kweni ŵanthu ŵakususkana na fundo iyi ndipo ŵanyake ŵakutemwa kuti vyamoyo viŵe vyakupambana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore the Database|url=https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1006267|access-date=21 August 2021|website=www.mammaldiversity.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 May 2004|title=The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440303001638|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|language=en|volume=31|issue=5|pages=645–651|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|issn=0305-4403|last1=Gentry|first1=Anthea|last2=Clutton-Brock|first2=Juliet|last3=Groves|first3=Colin P.}}</ref> Cinthu cinyake ico cikupangiska kuti vinthu viŵe vyakusuzga nkhumanya umo ng'ombe zingaŵira na mitundu yinyake ya viŵeto. Vinyama vyakupambanapambana na mitundu yinyake vikuŵako, pakati pa ng'ombe za ng'ombe na za zebus (nga ni ng'ombe za sanga ('Bos taurus africanus' x 'Bos indicus'), kweniso pakati pa yumoza panji wose ŵaŵiri aŵa na ŵanji ŵa mu mtundu wa 'Bos'{{spaced ndash}} [[yak]]s (dzo panji yattle <ref>{{Cite news|last=Mummolo|first=Jonathan|date=2007-08-11|title=Yattle What?|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/10/AR2007081002119.html|access-date=2023-03-10|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>) , banteng, na gaur. Viŵeto vyakupambanapambana nga ni viŵeto vya ng'ombe vingaŵako pakati pa ng'ombe za ng'ombe na vyamoyo vinyake vya ng'ombe, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuviwona kuti ni viŵeto vya mtundu wa 'Bos'. <ref>Groves, C. P., 1981. Systematic relationships in the Bovini (Artiodactyla, Bovidae). ''Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung'', '''4''':264–278., quoted in {{MSW3 Artiodactyla|id=14200668|heading= Genus ''Bison''}}</ref> Mtundu unyake wa ng'ombe za mtundu uwu ukuwoneka makora yayi. Mwachiyelezgero, para munthu wakayezga viŵeto vya mtundu wa Dwarf Lulu, ng'ombe za mtundu wa taurine mu Nepal, wakumanya kuti ni ng'ombe za mtundu wa taurine, zebu, na yak. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Takeda |first=Kumiko |title=Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Nepalese domestic dwarf cattle Lulu |journal=Animal Science Journal |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=103–110 |date=April 2004 |doi=10.1111/j.1740-0929.2004.00163.x |display-authors=etal }}</ref> Ndipouli, ng'ombe zingaŵa yayi na viŵeto vyakuyana waka nga ni mbaŵala za mu maji panji za mu Africa. Pakwamba vikoko ivi vikaŵa mu vyaru vinandi nga ni Europe, North Africa, na Asia. Mu nyengo yakale, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Europe pera, ndipo munthu waumaliro uyo ŵakamumanyanga wakafwira ku [[Poland]] mu 1627. <ref>Van Vuure, C.T. 2003. ''De Oeros – Het spoor terug'' (in Dutch), Cis van Vuure, Wageningen University and Research Centrum: quoted by [https://web.archive.org/web/20090420140454/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/aurochs.htm The Extinction Website: ''Bos primigenius primigenius''.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420140454/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/aurochs.htm |date=20 April 2009 }}</ref> Ŵakufuŵa ŵayezga kupanga viŵeto vyakuyana na viŵeto vya aurochs mwa kudumura viŵeto vyakupambanapambana. Mitundu ya ng'ombe za ku Africa pera izo zilipo ni N'Dama, Ng'ombe za ku Kuri na mitundu yinyake ya Shorthorn ya ku West Africa. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/t1300t/t1300t0j.htm |title=Genetic characterization and West African cattle |first1=C. |last1=Meghen |first2=D.E. |last2=MacHugh |first3=D.G. |last3=Bradley |website=fao.org |access-date=20 September 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226101512/http://www.fao.org:80/3/t1300t/t1300T0j.htm |archive-date=26 February 2019 }}</ref> ==Viyowoyero== Mazgu ghakuti "ng'ombe" ghakafuma ku ng'ombe yayi. Lizgu ili lili kufuma ku chiyowoyero cha Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|catel}} , kufuma ku Chilatini {{lang|la|capitale}} "ndalama yikuru, capital", iyo nayo yikufuma ku Latin {{lang|la|caput}} "mutu". 'Nyama' pakwamba yikang'anamuranga katundu wakunyamura, comenecomene viŵeto vya mtundu uliwose, mwakupambana na katundu wanadi (charu, ico cikasazgapo vinyama vyamuthengere panji viŵeto vichoko ivyo vikwenda mwakufwatuka nga ni nkhuku). <ref>{{OEtymD|cattle|accessdate=18 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="OED Cattle">{{Cite OED|cattle, n.|date=September 2014}}</ref> Lizgu ili likung'anamurika kuti 'Personal property (chattel)'(chipani cha katundu wa munthu) ndipo likukolerana na 'chattel' mu fundo ya cuma. <ref>{{OEtymD|chattel|accessdate=18 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|capital|accessdate=18 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="OED Cattle" /> Lizgu ili lili kunjira mu malo mwa lizgu lakale {{lang|ang|feoh}} "viŵeto, katundu", ivyo vichalipo lero nga ni "msonkho". Mu Mabaibolo ghakale gha Cingelezi nga ni Baibolo la King James Version, mazgu ghakuti 'ng'ombe' ghakung'anamura viŵeto. "Ng'ombe zakutchire" zingaŵa ng'ombe zakutchire panji za mtundu wa "[[Bos]]" wambura kuzgoŵereka. Mazuŵa ghano, para lizgu lakuti "ng'ombe" likuyowoyeka kwambura lizgu linyake, likung'anamura ng'ombe zakulengeska. <ref name="OED Cattle" /> == Mazgu== Kanandi mazgu ghakuyana waka ghakugwiliskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, kweni pali mphambano yichoko waka. Mazgu agho ghalembeka apa ghakupambana na agho ghalembeka mu United Kingdom na mu vyaru vinyake nga Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, na United States. <ref name="cterm">{{cite web |url=http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Cattle_-_Terminology/id/1287270 |title=Cattle Terminology |publisher=experiencefestival.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401084434/http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Cattle_-_Terminology/id/1287270 |archive-date=1 April 2008 }}</ref> ===Mazgu ghanyake=== {{listen | filename = Mudchute cow 1.ogg | title = A cow's "moo" }} ==Makhaliro== ===Vinthu vya thupi=== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = Скелет домашней коровы.jpg | alt1 = Viwangwa vili pa bolodi lifipa | caption1 = Displayed skeleton of a domestic cow | image2 = Modelo didático bovino (fundo branco).jpg | caption2 = Kawonekero ka ng'ombe }} Ng'ombe ni viyuni vikuru vyakukhwaŵa ivyo vili na viŵegha. Mitundu yinandi yili na masengwe ghakurughakuru, agho ghangaŵa ghakuru nga ni masengwe ghakurughakuru gha ku Texas panji ghachoko nga ni masengwe gha ku Texas. Kusankha viŵeto mwakupwelelera kwapangiska kuti viŵeto vyambura masengwe viŵe vinandi. ==== Vyakurya ==== Ng'ombe ni viŵeto vyakukhalapo, kung'anamura kuti viŵeto vyawo vili na nkhongono ya kurya vyakumera ivyo vikusuzga kumera. Ng'ombe zili na nthumbo yimoza ya vigaŵa vinayi, nthumbo ya nthumbo, nthumbo ya nthumbo, na nthumbo ya nthumbo. Chiŵaro chichoko chomene cha mu thupi la munthu ndicho chikuchemeka "mphundwe". Ntchito yikuru ya chiŵiya ichi nkhunyamura maji na vyakurya ivyo vili mu vyakurya. Chigaŵa ichi chikuchemeka "vigaŵa vinandi". Chiŵaro ichi chikuyana waka na nthumbo ya munthu, lekani chikuchemeka nthumbo yanadi. Ng'ombe zikumanyikwa kuti zikugwiliskira nchito vyakurya vyawo, nga ni viyuni vinandi. Apo nyama yikurya, yikumira kwambura kumyangura ndipo yikunjira mu nthumbo kuti yisungike m'paka yikasange malo ghawemi ghakuti yilutilire kumera. Chakurya chikufumira mu mulomo, ndipo chikuwelera mu mulomo, uko chakurya icho sono chikuchemeka kuti chiŵiya, chikuŵaŵa na viŵaro vya mu mulomo. Para vyakurya ivi vyamara, vikumera mu nthumbo. Majeremusi agha ndigho ghakupangiska kuti cellulose na ma carbohydrate ghanyake ghaŵe mafuta agho ng'ombe zikugwiliskira nchito nga ni mafuta. Majeremusi agho ghali mu rumen ghakupangaso amino acids kufuma ku vyakurya vyambura mapuloteni nga ni urea na ammonia. Para majeremusi agha ghakubaba mu nthumbo, ŵana ŵakufwa ndipo maselo ghakulutilira kukura. Maselo agha ghakumalira mu matumbo, ndipo ng'ombe zikuŵa na mapulotini ghanandi. Vinthu ivi vikovwira kuti ng'ombe zikondwenge na vyakumera vinyake vyakukhora. ====Utali wa nthumbo==== Ng'ombe yikuŵa na nthumbo myezi pafupifupi 9. Utali wa twana twa ng'ombe uto twababika sonosono ukusintha kuyana na mtundu wa ng'ombe, kweni twana twa ng'ombe uto twababika sonosono tukuŵa tuchoko chomene {{convert|25|to|45|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}. Utali na uzito wa munthu wakukhwima vikupambana chomene kuyana na mtundu na kugonana. Kanandi ng'ombe zikukomeka pambere zindafike ku viŵeto vinyake {{convert|750|kg|lb|-1|abbr=on}}. Viŵeto ivi vingaŵa na umoyo utali ndipo nyengo zinyake vingakhala vyaka 25. Ng'ombe yakale comene iyo yikalembeka, yikafwa mu 1993 apo yikaŵa na vyaka 48. ====Kulemera kwake==== Ng'ombe zikuruzikuru zikupambana kulemera kuyana na mtundu wake. Viyuni vinyake vikuruvikuru nga ni Dexter na Jersey, vikupambana {{convert|600|and|1000|lb|order=flip|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. {{citation needed}} Mitundu yikuru-yikuru ya viŵeto ya ku Continental, nga ni Charolais, Marchigiana, Belgian Blue na Chianina {{convert|1400|to|2500|lb|order=flip|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed}} Mitundu ya ku Britain nga ni Hereford, Angus, na Shorthorn, yikukura pa msinkhu wa pakati pa chaka na mwezi {{convert|1000|to|2000|lb|order=flip|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} , nyengo zinyake kukwera, comenecomene ku Angus na Hereford. {{citation needed}} Ng'ombe za fuko limoza zikuŵa zikuru kuluska za fuko linyake. Ng'ombe za ku Britain zakuchemeka Hereford zikupima {{convert|600-800|kg|abbr=on}}; ng'ombe zikupima {{convert|1,000-1,200|kg|abbr=on}}. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm|title=Hereford cattle weight|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124050154/http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm|archive-date=24 January 2015}}</ref> Ng'ombe za Chianina zingaŵa na uzito wa mpaka {{convert|3300|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}}; Ng'ombe za ku Britain, nga ni Angus na Hereford, zingapima uzito wa viŵeto vichoko waka {{convert|2000|lb|order=flip|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} ndipo vinandi nga {{convert|3000|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed}} Cinthu cinyake ico cikapangiska kuti ng'ombe yinonono comene pa caru cose yiŵeko ni {{convert|1740|kg|lb|-1|abbr=on}}, Chianina zina lake Donetto, apo wakawonekanga pa chiwonetsero cha Arezzo mu 1955. <ref name="ReferenceA">Friend, John B., Cattle of the World, Blandford Press, Dorset, 1978</ref> Ng'ombe yikuru comene yikaŵa ya vilimika vinkhondi na viŵiri, yakucemeka 'Old Ben,' iyo yikaŵa ya mtundu wa Shortthorn/{{wbr}}[[Hereford Cattle|Hereford]] Kulemera kwake {{convert|2140|kg|lb|-1|abbr=on}} mu 1910.<ref name="ReferenceB">McWhirter, Norris & Ross, ''Guinness Book of Records'', Redwood Press, Trowbridge, 1968</ref> Ku United States, unandi wa ng'ombe nyama za Mu ma 1980, malo ghaphya ghakupakira viŵeto ghakawovwira kuti viŵeto vikure comene. <ref>Kenneth H. Mathews – 1999 – U.S. Beef Industry: Cattle Cycles, Price Spreads, and [[Packer concentration]]. Page 6</ref> Pambere chaka cha 1790 chindafike, ng'ombe za nyama zikaŵanga na viŵeto vinandi {{convert|350|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} Kweni pamasinda vinthu vikamba kwenda makora. <ref>American Economic Growth and Standards of Living before the Civil War, Robert E. Gallman, John Joseph Wallis. 2007 p. 248</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://beefmagazine.com/genetics/0201-increased-beef-cows |title=Cattle increasing in size|access-date=5 May 2015 |website=Beef Magazine|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503101557/http://beefmagazine.com/genetics/0201-increased-beef-cows |archive-date=3 May 2015 |date=February 2009}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Cattle|Ng’ombe}} [[Category:Vinyama]] kmkvxfxm872rsqmyrszmamde47l7jrk 2 6886 121780 116629 2026-09-07T19:57:44Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121780 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ========================================================= TUMBUKA ARCH — USER PAGE Multicolour design — no red ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:transparent; padding:0.4em; margin:auto;" |- <!-- ===================== HEADER ===================== --> ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.6em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | <big>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}; {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC)</big> [[File:Clock.gif|44x44px]] |- | style="background:#E6E6FA; padding:0.8em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | {{user date}} |} <br> <!-- ===================== USERNAME NOTE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6A5ACD; background:#F3F0FF; padding:0.7em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | A small confession about my username 😅 |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | I sometimes regret choosing '''“Tumbuka Arch”.''' Looking at it now, it can sound as if I own the Tumbuka Wikipedia, run the place, or have somehow been appointed ''Official Representative of All Things Tumbuka,'' none of which is true! 😂 I am simply another editor who enjoys contributing to this Wikipedia. '''Please don't feel intimidated by my username or by seeing me around the wiki.''' You do not need my permission to edit, improve, correct, question, or even disagree with something I have done. That is exactly how a wiki is supposed to work. '''The wiki belongs to its community, not to “Tumbuka Arch”.''' Please be bold, make edits, fix mistakes, add knowledge, and help make Tumwiki better. If you see me editing a page, think of me as another contributor, not the person guarding the gates. ''And yes, if I could go back in time, I might have chosen a much less grand-sounding username!'' |} <!-- ===================== CONTACT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #008080; background:#E6FFFF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#008080; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📧 Contact |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | '''Send me an email''' [[Special:EmailUser/Tumbuka_Arch|here]]. |} <!-- ===================== USER GROUPS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #DAA520; background:#FFF8DC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#DAA520; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | Wikimedia & Community |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo (Official local name + logo).svg|thumb|283x283px|center]] [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|thumb|283x283px|center]] [[File:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi.svg|thumb|283x283px|center]] |} <!-- ===================== CHITUMBUKA ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #2E8B57; background:#F0FFF0; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#2E8B57; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | MU CHITUMBUKA |- | style="padding:0.9em;" | <center><big>'''MU CHITUMBUKA (Extended/Unrated version)'''</big></center> Monile, usange mukumanya kulemba panji kupulikiska chiyowoyero cha ChiTumbuka, tijoinani pano pa Wikipedia kwizila mukulemba vinthu vya kupambana pambana. Kulimbila kuphalila munthu waliyose pano yayi kuti mukutijoina, yambanipo waka kulemba, kusazgapo na ine wuwo. Chilichose icho mupangenge pano pawevyenge wakumufumbani. Pala mukukhumba kulemba mwa maluwilo, mungagwiliska ntchito [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum Chilwelo cha Kung'anamulira] Vinthu icho chili [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum pano]. Wikipediya iyi njamunthu chala, nja waliyose uyo ni Mtumbuka panji uyo wakukhumba kumanya ChiTumbuka. |} <!-- ===================== ENGLISH ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4682B4; background:#F0F8FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4682B4; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | IN ENGLISH |- | style="padding:0.9em;" | <center><big>'''IN ENGLISH (Summarised/Rated version)'''</big></center> Hi, please if you can write or understand Tumbuka language, join us in writing articles here. If you don't know Tumbuka but still wanna contribute, use [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum The Content Translation Tool] found [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum here]. |} <!-- ===================== MOBILE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #708090; background:#F5F5F5; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#708090; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📱 Mobile |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [https://tum.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu Mobile version] |} <!-- ===================== QUICK ACCESS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6B8E23; background:#F5FFDC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6B8E23; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | ⚡ QUICK ACCESS |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | [[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/Malichi 11, 2023]] [[Template:POTD protected/2023-03-12]] [[Special:GlobalRenameRequest|Global user account rename request - Wikipedia]] |} <!-- ===================== TOOLS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #8B7D6B; background:#FAF7F2; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#8B7D6B; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 🛠️ TOOLS FOR CHECKING IP ADDRESSES |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | [[xtools:globalcontribs|Global Contributions - XTools]] <center><big>'''EMAIL USER'''</big></center> [[Special:EmailUser|Email user - Wikipedia]] <center><big>'''VANDAL ARMOR'''</big></center> [https://swviewer.toolforge.org/ SWViewer] |} <!-- ===================== CURRENTLY FOLLOW ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #7B68EE; background:#F5F0FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#7B68EE; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 👀 CURRENTLY, I FOLLOW: |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | [[phab:T330066|Content Translation implementation]] [[phab:T326578|200 Languages for machine support]] |} <!-- ===================== REFERENCE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #B8860B; background:#FFFBEA; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#B8860B; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📚 NEW REFERENCE |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft158004rs&chunk.id=d0e3729&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e3729&brand=eschol The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa (cdlib.org)] |} <!-- ===================== UPLOAD ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #20B2AA; background:#EFFFFD; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#20B2AA; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📤 UPLOAD ON TUMBUKA WIKI |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | {{#babel:tum|en|}} [[Wikipedia:File upload wizard|Wikipedia:File upload wizard - Wikipedia]] [[Special:Upload|Kwezgela chinthu - Wikipedia]] (plain form) |} <!-- ===================== LOCALISATION ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #9370DB; background:#FAF5FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#9370DB; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 🌍 TEMPLATES TO LOCALISE |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | [[Template:Age in years|Template:Age in years - Wikipedia]] |} <!-- ===================== TO IMPORT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4169E1; background:#F0F5FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4169E1; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📥 TO IMPORT |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | [[:en:Category:Typing-aid_templates|Category:Typing-aid templates - Wikipedia]] |} <!-- ===================== FOOTER ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #556B2F; background:#F4F8EC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | {{Template:User wikipedia/WikiGnome}} <big>'''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS'''</big> [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] |} m4bbic6ut9yl5m9el61lnp1ebyt559c 121781 121780 2026-09-07T20:00:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121781 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ========================================================= TUMBUKA ARCH — USER PAGE Multicolour design — no red ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:transparent; padding:0.4em; margin:auto;" |- <!-- ===================== HEADER ===================== --> ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.6em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | <big>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}; {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC)</big> [[File:Clock.gif|44x44px]] |- | style="background:#E6E6FA; padding:0.8em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | {{user date}} |} <br> <!-- ===================== USERNAME NOTE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6A5ACD; background:#F3F0FF; padding:0.7em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | A small confession about my username 😅 |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | I sometimes regret choosing '''“Tumbuka Arch”.''' Looking at it now, it can sound as if I own the Tumbuka Wikipedia, run the place, or have somehow been appointed ''Official Representative of All Things Tumbuka'', none of which is true! 😂 I am simply another editor who enjoys contributing to this Wikipedia. '''Please don't feel intimidated by my username or by seeing me around the wiki.''' You do not need my permission to edit, improve, correct, question, or even disagree with something I have done. That is exactly how a wiki is supposed to work. '''The wiki belongs to its community, not to “Tumbuka Arch”.''' Please be bold, make edits, fix mistakes, add knowledge, and help make Tumwiki better. If you see me editing a page, think of me as another contributor, not the person guarding the gates. ''And yes, if I could go back in time, I might have chosen a much less grand-sounding username!'' |} <!-- ===================== CONTACT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #008080; background:#E6FFFF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#008080; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📧 Contact |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | '''Send me an email''' [[Special:EmailUser/Tumbuka_Arch|here]]. |} <!-- ===================== WIKIMEDIA & COMMUNITY ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #DAA520; background:#FFF8DC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#DAA520; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | Wikimedia & Community |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:12px;"> <div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo (Official local name + logo).svg|170px|center]]</div> <div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|170px|center]]</div> <div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi.svg|170px|center]]</div> </div> |} <!-- ===================== CHITUMBUKA ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #2E8B57; background:#F0FFF0; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#2E8B57; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | MU CHITUMBUKA |- | style="padding:0.9em;" | <center><big>'''MU CHITUMBUKA (Extended/Unrated version)'''</big></center> Monile, usange mukumanya kulemba panji kupulikiska chiyowoyero cha ChiTumbuka, tijoinani pano pa Wikipedia kwizila mukulemba vinthu vya kupambana pambana. Kulimbila kuphalila munthu waliyose pano yayi kuti mukutijoina, yambanipo waka kulemba, kusazgapo na ine wuwo. Chilichose icho mupangenge pano pawevyenge wakumufumbani. Pala mukukhumba kulemba mwa maluwilo, mungagwiliska ntchito [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum Chilwelo cha Kung'anamulira] Vinthu icho chili [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum pano]. Wikipediya iyi njamunthu chala, nja waliyose uyo ni Mtumbuka panji uyo wakukhumba kumanya ChiTumbuka. |} <!-- ===================== ENGLISH ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4682B4; background:#F0F8FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4682B4; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | IN ENGLISH |- | style="padding:0.9em;" | <center><big>'''IN ENGLISH (Summarised/Rated version)'''</big></center> Hi, please if you can write or understand Tumbuka language, join us in writing articles here. If you don't know Tumbuka but still wanna contribute, use [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum The Content Translation Tool] found [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum here]. |} <!-- ===================== MOBILE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #708090; background:#F5F5F5; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#708090; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📱 Mobile |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [https://tum.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu Mobile version] |} <!-- ===================== QUICK ACCESS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6B8E23; background:#F5FFDC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6B8E23; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | ⚡ QUICK ACCESS |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | <span style="display:inline-block; margin:4px;">[[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/Malichi 11, 2023|Today's featured article]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:4px;">[[Template:POTD protected/2023-03-12|POTD protected]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:4px;">[[Special:GlobalRenameRequest|Global user account rename request - Wikipedia]]</span> |} <!-- ===================== TOOLS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #8B7D6B; background:#FAF7F2; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#8B7D6B; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 🛠️ TOOLS FOR CHECKING IP ADDRESSES |- | style="padding:0.8em;" | <center> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:5px;">[[xtools:globalcontribs|Global Contributions - XTools]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:5px;">[[Special:EmailUser|Email user - Wikipedia]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:5px;">[https://swviewer.toolforge.org/ SWViewer]</span> </center> <center><big>'''EMAIL USER'''</big></center> <center><big>'''VANDAL ARMOR'''</big></center> |} <!-- ===================== CURRENTLY FOLLOW ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #7B68EE; background:#F5F0FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#7B68EE; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 👀 CURRENTLY, I FOLLOW: |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | <span style="display:inline-block; margin:5px;">[[phab:T330066|Content Translation implementation]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:5px;">[[phab:T326578|200 Languages for machine support]]</span> |} <!-- ===================== NEW REFERENCE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #B8860B; background:#FFFBEA; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#B8860B; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📚 NEW REFERENCE |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft158004rs&chunk.id=d0e3729&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e3729&brand=eschol The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa (cdlib.org)] |} <!-- ===================== UPLOAD ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #20B2AA; background:#EFFFFD; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#20B2AA; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📤 UPLOAD ON TUMBUKA WIKI |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | {{#babel:tum|en|}} <div style="margin-top:8px;"> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:4px;">[[Wikipedia:File upload wizard|Wikipedia:File upload wizard - Wikipedia]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block; margin:4px;">[[Special:Upload|Kwezgela chinthu - Wikipedia]] (plain form)</span> </div> |} <!-- ===================== USERBOX / LANGUAGE TILES ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #9370DB; background:#FAF5FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#9370DB; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 🌐 LANGUAGE & USERBOX TILES |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:6px;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:2px;"> {{#babel:tum|}} </div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:2px;"> {{#babel:en|}} </div> </div> |} <!-- ===================== TEMPLATES TO LOCALISE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #AA66CC; background:#FBF4FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#AA66CC; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 🌍 TEMPLATES TO LOCALISE |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [[Template:Age in years|Template:Age in years - Wikipedia]] |} <!-- ===================== TO IMPORT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4169E1; background:#F0F5FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4169E1; color:white; padding:0.5em; font-size:120%;" | 📥 TO IMPORT |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | [[:en:Category:Typing-aid_templates|Category:Typing-aid templates - Wikipedia]] |} <!-- ===================== FOOTER ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #556B2F; background:#F4F8EC; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:1em; border-radius:8px;" |- | style="padding:0.8em; text-align:center;" | {{Template:User wikipedia/WikiGnome}} <big>'''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS'''</big> [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] |} ry5ltx2txof8rjx1yo9k3la5kw8hal2 121782 121781 2026-09-07T20:05:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121782 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ========================================================= TUMBUKA ARCH — USER PAGE Short multicolour design — no red ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:transparent; padding:0.3em; margin:auto;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | <big>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}; {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC)</big> [[File:Clock.gif|40px]] |- | style="background:#E6E6FA; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | {{user date}} |} <!-- ===================== USERNAME NOTE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6A5ACD; background:#F3F0FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.4em; font-size:115%;" | A small confession about my username 😅 |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | I sometimes regret choosing '''“Tumbuka Arch”.''' Looking at it now, it can sound as if I own the Tumbuka Wikipedia, run the place, or have somehow been appointed ''Official Representative of All Things Tumbuka'', none of which is true! 😂 I am simply another editor who enjoys contributing to this Wikipedia. '''Please don't feel intimidated by my username or by seeing me around the wiki.''' You do not need my permission to edit, improve, correct, question, or disagree with something I have done. That is exactly how a wiki is supposed to work. '''The wiki belongs to its community, not to “Tumbuka Arch”.''' Please be bold, make edits, fix mistakes, add knowledge, and help make Tumwiki better. If you see me editing a page, think of me as another contributor, not the person guarding the gates. ''And yes, if I could go back in time, I might have chosen a much less grand-sounding username!'' 😄 |} <!-- ===================== CONTACT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #008080; background:#E6FFFF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#008080; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 📧 Contact |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | '''Send me an email''' [[Special:EmailUser/Tumbuka_Arch|here]]. |} <!-- ===================== WIKIMEDIA ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #DAA520; background:#FFF8DC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#DAA520; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | Wikimedia & Community |- | style="padding:0.5em; text-align:center;" | <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:8px;"> [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo (Official local name + logo).svg|150px]] [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|150px]] [[File:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi.svg|150px]] </div> |} <!-- ===================== LANGUAGES / USERBOXES ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #9370DB; background:#FAF5FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#9370DB; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 🌐 Languages & Userboxes |- | style="padding:0.4em; text-align:center;" | {{#babel:tum|en|}} |} <!-- ===================== CHITUMBUKA ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #2E8B57; background:#F0FFF0; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#2E8B57; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | MU CHITUMBUKA |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''MU CHITUMBUKA (Extended/Unrated version)'''</big></center> Monile, usange mukumanya kulemba panji kupulikiska chiyowoyero cha ChiTumbuka, tijoinani pano pa Wikipedia kwizila mukulemba vinthu vya kupambana pambana. Kulimbila kuphalila munthu waliyose pano yayi kuti mukutijoina, yambanipo waka kulemba, kusazgapo na ine wuwo. Chilichose icho mupangenge pano pawevyenge wakumufumbani. Pala mukukhumba kulemba mwa maluwilo, mungagwiliska ntchito [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum Chilwelo cha Kung'anamulira] Vinthu icho chili [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum pano]. Wikipediya iyi njamunthu chala, nja waliyose uyo ni Mtumbuka panji uyo wakukhumba kumanya ChiTumbuka. |} <!-- ===================== ENGLISH ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4682B4; background:#F0F8FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4682B4; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | IN ENGLISH |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''IN ENGLISH (Summarised/Rated version)'''</big></center> Hi, please if you can write or understand Tumbuka language, join us in writing articles here. If you don't know Tumbuka but still wanna contribute, use [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum The Content Translation Tool] found [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum here]. |} <!-- ===================== FOOTER ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #556B2F; background:#F4F8EC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-radius:8px;" |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | {{Template:User wikipedia/WikiGnome}} '''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS''' [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] |} bitbiqem7navqb3yd0zsaw8x7urvll7 121783 121782 2026-09-07T20:07:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121783 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ========================================================= TUMBUKA ARCH — USER PAGE Short multicolour design — no red ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:transparent; padding:0.3em; margin:auto;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | <big>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}; {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC)</big> [[File:Clock.gif|40px]] |- | style="background:#E6E6FA; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | {{user date}} |} <!-- ===================== USERNAME NOTE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6A5ACD; background:#F3F0FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.4em; font-size:115%;" | A small confession about my username 😅 |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | I sometimes regret choosing '''“Tumbuka Arch”.''' Looking at it now, it can sound as if I own the Tumbuka Wikipedia, run the place, or have somehow been appointed ''Official Representative of All Things Tumbuka'', none of which is true! 😂 I am simply another editor who enjoys contributing to this Wikipedia. '''Please don't feel intimidated by my username or by seeing me around the wiki.''' You do not need my permission to edit, improve, correct, question, or disagree with something I have done. That is exactly how a wiki is supposed to work. '''The wiki belongs to its community, not to “Tumbuka Arch”.''' Please be bold, make edits, fix mistakes, add knowledge, and help make Tumwiki better. If you see me editing a page, think of me as another contributor, not the person guarding the gates. ''And yes, if I could go back in time, I might have chosen a much less grand-sounding username!'' 😄 |} <!-- ===================== TUMBUKA TRANSLATION ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #2E8B57; background:#F0FFF0; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#2E8B57; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | MU CHITUMBUKA |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''MU CHITUMBUKA (Extended/Unrated version)'''</big></center> Monile, usange mukumanya kulemba panji kupulikiska chiyowoyero cha ChiTumbuka, tijoinani pano pa Wikipedia kwizila mukulemba vinthu vya kupambana pambana. Kulimbila kuphalila munthu waliyose pano yayi kuti mukutijoina, yambanipo waka kulemba, kusazgapo na ine wuwo. Chilichose icho mupangenge pano pawevyenge wakumufumbani. Pala mukukhumba kulemba mwa maluwilo, mungagwiliska ntchito [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum Chilwelo cha Kung'anamulira] Vinthu icho chili [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum pano]. Wikipediya iyi njamunthu chala, nja waliyose uyo ni Mtumbuka panji uyo wakukhumba kumanya ChiTumbuka. |} <!-- ===================== ENGLISH TRANSLATION ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4682B4; background:#F0F8FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4682B4; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | IN ENGLISH |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''IN ENGLISH (Summarised/Rated version)'''</big></center> Hi, please if you can write or understand Tumbuka language, join us in writing articles here. If you don't know Tumbuka but still wanna contribute, use [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum The Content Translation Tool] found [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum here]. |} <!-- ===================== CONTACT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #008080; background:#E6FFFF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#008080; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 📧 Contact |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | '''Send me an email''' [[Special:EmailUser/Tumbuka_Arch|here]]. |} <!-- ===================== WIKIMEDIA & COMMUNITY ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #DAA520; background:#FFF8DC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#DAA520; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | Wikimedia & Community |- | style="padding:0.5em; text-align:center;" | <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:8px;"> [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo (Official local name + logo).svg|150px]] [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|150px]] [[File:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi.svg|150px]] </div> |} <!-- ===================== LANGUAGES / USERBOXES ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #9370DB; background:#FAF5FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#9370DB; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 🌐 Languages & Userboxes |- | style="padding:0.4em; text-align:center;" | {{#babel:tum|en|}} |} <!-- ===================== HISTORY BOOKS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #556B2F; background:#F4F8EC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#556B2F; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 📚 ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] |} {{Template:User wikipedia/WikiGnome}} lp3hkm7x1uxvzxbnxyvwh6guq05d7yn 121784 121783 2026-09-07T20:08:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121784 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ========================================================= TUMBUKA ARCH — USER PAGE Short multicolour design — no red ========================================================= --> {| style="width:100%; background:transparent; padding:0.3em; margin:auto;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | <big>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}; {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC)</big> [[File:Clock.gif|40px]] |- | style="background:#E6E6FA; padding:0.5em; text-align:center; border-radius:8px;" | {{user date}} |} <!-- ===================== USERNAME NOTE ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #6A5ACD; background:#F3F0FF; padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#6A5ACD; color:white; padding:0.4em; font-size:115%;" | A small confession about my username 😅 |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | I sometimes regret choosing '''“Tumbuka Arch”.''' Looking at it now, it can sound as if I own the Tumbuka Wikipedia, run the place, or have somehow been appointed ''Official Representative of All Things Tumbuka'', none of which is true! 😂 I am simply another editor who enjoys contributing to this Wikipedia. '''Please don't feel intimidated by my username or by seeing me around the wiki.''' You do not need my permission to edit, improve, correct, question, or disagree with something I have done. That is exactly how a wiki is supposed to work. '''The wiki belongs to its community, not to “Tumbuka Arch”.''' Please be bold, make edits, fix mistakes, add knowledge, and help make Tumwiki better. If you see me editing a page, think of me as another contributor, not the person guarding the gates. ''And yes, if I could go back in time, I might have chosen a much less grand-sounding username!'' |} <!-- ===================== TUMBUKA TRANSLATION ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #2E8B57; background:#F0FFF0; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#2E8B57; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | MU CHITUMBUKA |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''MU CHITUMBUKA (Extended/Unrated version)'''</big></center> Monile, usange mukumanya kulemba panji kupulikiska chiyowoyero cha ChiTumbuka, tijoinani pano pa Wikipedia kwizila mukulemba vinthu vya kupambana pambana. Kulimbila kuphalila munthu waliyose pano yayi kuti mukutijoina, yambanipo waka kulemba, kusazgapo na ine wuwo. Chilichose icho mupangenge pano pawevyenge wakumufumbani. Pala mukukhumba kulemba mwa maluwilo, mungagwiliska ntchito [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum Chilwelo cha Kung'anamulira] Vinthu icho chili [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum pano]. Wikipediya iyi njamunthu chala, nja waliyose uyo ni Mtumbuka panji uyo wakukhumba kumanya ChiTumbuka. |} <!-- ===================== ENGLISH TRANSLATION ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #4682B4; background:#F0F8FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#4682B4; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | IN ENGLISH |- | style="padding:0.7em;" | <center><big>'''IN ENGLISH (Summarised/Rated version)'''</big></center> Hi, please if you can write or understand Tumbuka language, join us in writing articles here. If you don't know Tumbuka but still wanna contribute, use [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum The Content Translation Tool] found [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=tum here]. |} <!-- ===================== CONTACT ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #008080; background:#E6FFFF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#008080; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 📧 Contact |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | '''Send me an email''' [[Special:EmailUser/Tumbuka_Arch|here]]. |} <!-- ===================== WIKIMEDIA & COMMUNITY ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #DAA520; background:#FFF8DC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#DAA520; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | Wikimedia & Community |- | style="padding:0.5em; text-align:center;" | <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; align-items:center; gap:8px;"> [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo (Official local name + logo).svg|150px]] [[File:Tumbuka Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|150px]] [[File:Wikimedia Community User Group Malawi.svg|150px]] </div> |} <!-- ===================== LANGUAGES / USERBOXES ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #9370DB; background:#FAF5FF; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.7em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#9370DB; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 🌐 Languages & Userboxes |- | style="padding:0.4em; text-align:center;" | {{#babel:tum|en|}} |} <!-- ===================== HISTORY BOOKS ===================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:2px solid #556B2F; background:#F4F8EC; padding:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-radius:8px;" |- ! style="background:#556B2F; color:white; padding:0.4em;" | 📚 ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS |- | style="padding:0.6em; text-align:center;" | [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] |} {{Template:User wikipedia/WikiGnome}} evi6i3p1904scg7fp2hibu7odq2opb2 0 11266 121818 116374 2026-09-08T06:15:16Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 121818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|City in Florida, US}} {{about|the city in Florida}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Miami | official_name = | subdivision_type = Country | settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in Florida|City]] | named_for = [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]], ultimately derived from [[Mayaimi]] | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | total_width = 295 | caption_align = center | image1 = Downtown Miami Panorama from the Rusty Pelican photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg | caption1 = [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] panorama | image4 = Miami Freedom Tower by Tom Schaefer 3.jpg | caption4 = [[Freedom Tower (Miami)|Freedom Tower]] | image5 = American Airlines Arena, Miami, FL, jjron 29.03.2012.jpg | caption5 = [[Kaseya Center]] | image3 = Villa Vizcaya 20110228.jpg | caption3 = [[Vizcaya Museum and Gardens]] | image6 = Port of Miami 20071208.jpg | caption6 = [[PortMiami]] | border = infobox }} | image_flag = Flag of Miami, Florida.svg | image_seal = Seal of Miami, Florida.svg | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Miami, Florida.svg | blank_emblem_type = Logo | nicknames = ''The [[Area code 305|305]]'', ''Magic City'', ''Gateway to the Americas'', ''Gateway to [[Latin America]]'', ''Capital of Latin America''<ref name="time.com">{{Cite magazine |date=December 2, 1993 |title=Miami: the Capital of Latin America |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224184503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |archive-date=December 24, 2007}}</ref> and ''Vice City'' <!-- maps and coordinates -->| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=290|frame-height=270|frame-align=center|stroke-width=3|zoom=10|frame-lat=25.7751|frame-long=-80.2167|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|id=Q8652|title=Miami}} | subdivision_name = [[United States]] | map_caption = Interactive map outlining Miami | pushpin_map = Florida#USA | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_mapsize = 290px | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Florida##Location within the United States | pushpin_label = Miami | pushpin_label_position = left | coordinates = {{coord|25.775163|N|80.208615|W|region:US-FL|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2021 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2020 |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=March 25, 2021 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 56.07 | subdivision_type2 = [[U.S. State|State]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Florida]] | subdivision_type3 = [[List of counties in Florida|County]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]] | established_title = Settled | established_date = After 1858{{efn|Bahamians were farming along the Miami River before 1830. Richard Fitzpatrick established a plantation there in 1830, but abandoned it when the [[Second Seminole War]] (1835–1843) began. The U.S. Army established [[Fort Dallas]] there in 1836, but left the fort in 1841. William English reopened Fitzpatrick's plantation after the war and sold city lots, but left the area at the end of the 1840s. The Army returned to the fort in 1849–1851, and again for the Third Seminole War (1855–1858).<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Paul S. |date=1996 |title=Miami: Three Hundred Years of History |url=http://www.historymiami.org/fastspot/research-miami/topics/history-of-miami/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728132624/http://www.historymiami.org/fastspot/research-miami/topics/history-of-miami/index.html |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |access-date=May 28, 2021 |website=HistoryMiami}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shappee |first=Nathan D. |date=1961 |title=Fort Dallas and the Naval Depot on Key Biscayne, 1836–1926 |url=http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1961/61_1_02.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Tequesta |volume=21 |pages=13–40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826152615/http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1961/61_1_02.pdf |archive-date=August 26, 2021 |access-date=May 28, 2021 |via=Florida International University Digital Collections}}</ref>}} | established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] | established_date1 = July 28, 1896 | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Commission]] | governing_body = | founder = [[Julia Tuttle]] | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Miami|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Francis Suarez]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | total_type = Total | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_12.txt |access-date=October 31, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> | area_land_sq_mi = 36.00 | utc_offset1 = – 05:00 | elevation_footnotes = <!--Miami-Dade County metro--> | elevation_m = 1.8 | elevation_ft = 6 | elevation_max_m = 12.8 | elevation_max_ft = 42<!--Miami-Dade County metro--> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_total = 442241 | pop_est_as_of = 2022 | population_est = 449514 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="2022VintagePopulationEstimate">{{cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Florida: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-12.xlsx |website=Florida |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=27 May 2023 |date=May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_rank = [[List of United States cities by population|44th]] in the United States<br>[[List of municipalities in Florida|2nd]] in Florida | population_urban = 6,077,522 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|4th]]) | population_density_urban_km2 = 1,886.0 | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 4,884.8 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref> | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{Cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |access-date=August 22, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> | population_metro = 6091747 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|9th]]) | population_density_sq_mi = 12284.47 | population_density_km2 = 4743.55 | population_demonym = Miamian | blank6_name = GDP (City, 2019) | blank6_info = $151&nbsp;billion<ref name="bea.gov">{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2020 |title=Gross Domestic Product by County, 2019 |url=https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/lagdp1220_2.pdf |website=Bureau of Economic Analysis |access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> ([[List of US counties with GDP over 100 billion USD|14th]]) | blank7_name = [[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (Metro, 2020) | blank7_info = $377.5&nbsp;billion<ref>{{Cite web |title=GDP and Personal Income |url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. metro areas – ranked by Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/183808/gmp-of-the-20-biggest-metro-areas/ |website=Statista}}</ref> ([[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|12th]]) | timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | area_water_sq_mi = 20.08 | area_metro_sq_mi = 6137 | utc_offset1_DST = – 04:00 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = 33101-33102, 33106, 33109, 33111-33112, 33114, 33116, 33119, 33122, 33124-33138, 33140-33147, 33149-33158, 33160-33170, 33172-33199, 33206, 33222, 33231, 33233-33234, 33238-33239, 33242-33243, 33245, 33247, 33255-33257, 33261, 33265-33266, 33269, 33280, 33283, 33296, 33299 | area_code = [[Area codes 305 and 786|305, 786]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 12-45000 | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|277593}}, {{GNIS 4|2411786}} | website = [https://www.miamigov.com/Home miamigov.com] | area_total_km2 = 145.23 | area_land_km2 = 93.23 | area_water_km2 = 52.00 }} '''Miami''' (Mayami) mwalamulo '''City of Miami,''' ni msumba m'mphepete mwa nyanja na malo gha Miami-Dade County ku [[South Florida]], [[United States of America]]. Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 442,241 pa census ya 2020,<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" /> ni msumba waciŵiri uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu [[Florida]], pamanyuma pa Jacksonville. Ni msumba ukuru comene uwo uli na ŵanthu 6.14 miliyoni, ndipo ni msumba ukuru wacitatu pa misumba yinandi ya ku Southeast kweniso wacinayi pa misumba yinandi mu United States. Msumba uwu uli na nyumba zakudikanya zakujumpha 300, ndipo 58 mwa nyumba izi ni zakudikanya mamita 150.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Skyscraper Center: Buildings in Miami |url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&status=UCT&status=STO&min_year=0&max_year=9999&region=0&country=0&city=1632 |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=skyscrapercenter.com |publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|CTBUH]]}}</ref> Miami ni msumba ukuru wa vya ndalama, malonda, mitheto, na malonda gha pa caru cose.<ref name="GAWC">{{Cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2008 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |access-date=March 3, 2009 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inventory of World Cities |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=December 1, 2007 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network}}</ref> Chigaŵa cha Miami ndicho chili na ndalama zinandi chomene mu Florida, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska mu charu ichi ni madola 344.9 biliyoni mu 2017.<ref name="bea.gov1">{{Cite web |title=Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2017 |url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2018-09/gdp_metro0918_0.pdf |access-date=October 23, 2018 |publisher=Bea.gov}}</ref> Kuyana na kafukufuku wa UBS wa 2018 wa misumba 77 ya pa caru cose, Miami ni msumba wacitatu wakuzirwa comene mu U.S. na wacitatu wakuzirwa comene pa caru cose pa nkhani ya nkhongono zakugulira. Miami ni msumba wa ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Hispanic na Latino ŵalipo 310,472, panji 70.2 peresenti ya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu msumba uwu. Msumba wa Miami uli na mabanki ghanandi comene mu U.S. ndipo muli makampani ghanandi ghakurughakuru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beyer |first=Scott |title=Welcome To Brickell, Miami's "Wall Street South" |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottbeyer/2015/05/07/welcome-to-brickell-miamis-wall-street-south/ |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=Forbes}}</ref>Chigaŵa cha Umoyo chili na vipatala vikuruvikuru na maofesi gha vyaumoyo agho ghakukolerana na Yunivesite ya Miami, kusazgapo Jackson Memorial Hospital, chipatala chikuru chomene mu charu ichi. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami's academic medical center and teaching hospital, and others engaged in health-related care and research. Ku PortMiami, uko kuli dowoko la msumba uwu, ndiko ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwendako pa charu chose. Ku Miami ndiko ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuluta ku malo agha. Nyengo zinyake msumba wa Miami ukuchemeka "Mulyango wa ku Latin America" cifukwa ca malonda na mitheto iyo yikukolerana na caru ici.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Florida: Gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean |url=https://www.enterpriseflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/brief-florida-gateway-latin-america-caribbean.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707195916/https://www.enterpriseflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/brief-florida-gateway-latin-america-caribbean.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> Mu 2022, msumba wa Miami ukaŵa wa nambara 7 mu United States pa nkhani ya bizinesi, ndalama za ŵanthu, kusinthana na ŵanthu, kusangwa na vinthu vyakuthupi, na ndyali. Ni msumba waciŵiri uwo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwungana mu U.S. pamanyuma pa New York City na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 5 miliyoni.<ref>[https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/america-s-10-most-visited-cities.html "America's 10 most visited cities"], World Atlas, September 23, 2021</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Global Cities Report |url=https://www.atkearney.com/documents/20152/2794549/A+Question+of+Talent%E2%80%942019+Global+Cities+Report.pdf/106f30b1-83db-25b3-2802-fa04343a36e4?t=1559144999157 |website=ATKearney}}</ref> == Mazina gha malo == Zina la msumba uwu lili kufuma ku lizgu lakuti Mayaimi, ilo likung'anamura Nyanja ya Okeechobee, na zina la ŵanthu ŵa ku America awo ŵakakhalanga kufupi na Nyanja iyi. Nyengo zinyake ŵanthu ŵakuchema Miami kuti The 305, Magic City, Gateway to Americas, Gateway to Latin America, Capital of Latin America na Vice City.<ref name="time.com">{{Cite magazine |date=December 2, 1993 |title=Miami: the Capital of Latin America |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224184503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |archive-date=December 24, 2007}}</ref> ==Mbili== {{Main|History of Miami}} {{For timeline|Timeline of Miami}} {{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami}} [[File:MiamiAvenue1896.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|In 1896, approximately 400 men gathered in the building pictured to the left and voted to incorporate Miami.]] [[File:Mouth of Miami River 20100211.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The mouth of [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]] at [[Brickell Key]], February 2010]] Ŵanthu ŵa fuko la Tequesta ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa cha Miami kwa vyaka pafupifupi 2,000 pambere ŵandafike ku [[Europe]]. Mu muzi uwu mukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene, ndipo ukaŵa wa m'ma 500-600 B.C.E. Ukaŵa pa mlomo wa mlonga wa Miami. Ŵanthu ŵakugomezga kuti fuko lose ili likaluta ku Cuba m'ma 1700.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Matt |date=February 4, 2014 |title=Questions of preservation after ancient village found in downtown Miami |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/04/us/florida-indian-village/index.html?hpt=hp_c3 |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> ===Settlement=== Mu 1566, mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Florida, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, wakati malo agha nga [[Spain]]. Pakati pajumpha chaka chimoza, ŵakazenga ofesi yinyake ya ku Spain. Spain na Britain ŵakalutilira kulamulira Florida m'paka mu 1821, apo Spain yikapeleka charu ichi ku United States. Mu 1836, boma la United States likazenga Fort Dallas mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Miami, kuti likhazikiske chigaŵa cha Florida, kweniso kuti likanizge na kufumiska ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Seminole. Ici cikapangiska kuti ku Miami kuŵe nkhondo yaciŵiri ya Seminole. ===Founding=== Mu msumba wa Miami ndimo muli waka msumba ukuru wa ku United States uwo uli kuzengeka na mwanakazi. Julia Tuttle, uyo wakaŵa mulimi wa vipasi ndipo wakaŵa musambazi wa ku Cleveland, ndiyo wakaŵa mweneko wa malo agha. Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, malo agha ghakachemekanga kuti "Biscayne Bay Country". Mu nyengo ya kuzizima kukuru kwa mu 1894 na 1895, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora chomene mu msumba wa Miami. Pamanyuma, Julia Tuttle wakakhorweska Henry Flagler kuti wakhozge Florida East Coast Railway. Miami yikalembeka kuŵa msumba pa Julayi 28, 1896, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakukwana 300.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Linda K. |last2=George, Paul S. |name-list-style=amp |title=South Florida: A Brief History |url=http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429002717/http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm |archive-date=April 29, 2010 |access-date=August 24, 2009 |publisher=Historical Museum of South Florida}}</ref> ===20th century=== {{See also|Cuban migration to Miami}} Kukwambilira kwa vilimika vya m'ma 1900, ŵanthu ŵa ku Bahamas na ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafuma ku America ndiwo ŵakaŵa 40 peresenti ya ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu.:25 Apo ŵeneco ŵa nyumba ŵakamba kulekera nyumba ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vyakuzingilizga Avenue J (iyo pamasinda yikazgoka NW Fifth Avenue), gulu la ŵanalume ŵazungu awo ŵakaŵa na miliko ŵakenda mu cigaŵa ici na kucenjezga ŵanthu kuti ŵafumemo mu nyumba zawo panji ŵabombe.:33 Mu ma 1920, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga ku Miami, ndipo vinthu vikenda makora chifukwa ŵanthu ŵa kumpoto ŵakasamira mu msumba uwu. Vinthu ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kugomezga fundo za Jim Crow. Mulara wa ŵapolisi wa ku Miami, H. Leslie Quigg, wakabisanga yayi kuti iyo, nga ni ŵapolisi ŵanyake ŵazungu ŵa ku Miami, wakaŵa mu gulu la Ku Klux Klan. Nchakukondweska kuti ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakalondezganga fundo za mu Baibolo. Mwaciyelezgero, Quigg "wakathyapura mwanalume munyake wa mtundu unyake pa wumba cifukwa ca kuyowoya na mwanakazi muzungu".<ref name="Concrete">{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=Nathan |title=A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2014}}</ref>{{rp|53}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami Police chief is jailed for murder joins 5 other officers |work=The New York Times |date=March 24, 1928 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/24/archives/miami-police-chief-is-jailed-for-murder-joins-5-other-officers.html}}</ref> Nkhondo ya ku Florida iyo yikachitika mu 1920, chimphepo cha Miami icho chikachitika mu 1926, na suzgo likuru la vyachuma ilo likachitika mu 1930, vikapangiska kuti vinthu vileke kwenda makora. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose yikati yamba, msumba wa Miami ukazgoka msasa wa ŵasilikari ŵa boma la United States kuti ŵavikilire msumba uwu ku sitima za pasi pa nyanja za Germany. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba wa Miami ŵasazgikire; mu 1940, mu msumba uwu mukaŵa ŵanthu 172,172. Ŵanthu awo ŵakizanga mu tawuni iyi mu nyengo ya chiwuvi ŵakayowoya kuti tawuni iyi yikakura chomene chaka na chaka mwakuti yikaŵa nga ni maji.<ref name="MDInfocenter">{{cite web |title=Miami-Dade County&nbsp;– Information Center |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225012927/http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |access-date=April 18, 2008 |publisher=[[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]]}}</ref> Fidel Castro wakati wafika pa mazaza mu Cuba mu 1959, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵasambazi ŵa ku Cuba ŵakachimbilira ku Miami. Msumba uwu ukaŵa wakuzirwa comene mu ma 1970, comenecomene mu 1972. Mu chigaŵa ichi mukaŵa maungano gha Democratic na Republican National Convention mu 1972 Presidential election. Ŵa Miami Dolphins nawo ŵakalemba mbiri na nyengo yawo yambura kuthereskeka. Mu nyengo iyi, masukulu gha ku malo agha ghakasintha chomene ndipo msumba uwu ukaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi. Miami nayo wakapangaso mabizinesi ghaphya na vinthu vinyake vyakukhozga umoyo wa ŵanthu mu New South mu ma 1980 na 1990. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, kumwera kwa Florida kukaŵa masuzgo ghanyake agho ghakamba chifukwa cha nkhondo ya kunjizga minkhwala yakuzweteska wongo. Nyengo zinyake pakaŵanga mphindano pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana, kweni mu hafu yaumaliro ya m'ma 1900, msumba uwu ukazgoka msumba ukuru wa vyachuma, na wa mitheto. Ni msumba ukuru comene waciŵiri mu U.S. uwo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuyowoya Cisipanishi (panji kuti ndiwo ukujumpha El Paso, [[Texas]]), ndipo ndiwo msumba ukuru comene uwo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuyowoya Cuban-American.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Roy |date=March 3, 1976 |title=Wallace Pressing the Abortion Issue |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/03/archives/wallace-pressing-the-abortion-issue.html}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">U.S. Census, 2010 (Ethnicity) and Census American Community Survey 2008 (language).</ref> ==Makhalilo== Mzinda wa Miami uli pakati pa mapiri gha Everglades kumanjiliro gha dazi na Biscayne Bay kumafumiro gha dazi. Malo agha ghali pachanya pa nyanja mamita 1.8 mu vigaŵa vinandi, chomenechomene mumphepete mwa nyanja. Malo ghapacanya comene ghakusangika mumphepete mwa Miami Rock Ridge, iyo yili kusi kwa chigaŵa chikuru ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Miami. Chigaŵa chikuru cha msumba uwu chili mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Biscayne Bay, iyo yili na virwa vinandi vyachilengiwa na vyakupangika. Mphepo ya Gulf Stream, iyo ni nyanja yakuzizima, yikwenda mtunda wa makilomita 24 kufuma ku mtunda wa ku mpoto, ndipo nyengo ya mu msumba uwu njakuzizima chaka chose.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida metropolitan area as seen from STS-62 |url=http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=STS062-85-026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201191110/http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=STS062-85-026 |archive-date=December 1, 2007 |access-date=August 19, 2007 |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]}}</ref> ===Geology=== Malibwe agho ghali pasi pa malo agha ghakuchemeka Miami oolite panji miyala ya malibwe ya ku Miami. Malibwe agha ghali na dongo litali chomene ndipo ghakukwana mamita 15. Malibwe gha ku Miami ghakaŵako cifukwa ca kusintha kukuru kwa nyanja uko kukacitika mu nyengo ya ciwuvi. Vyaka 130,000 ivyo vyajumpha, maji gha mu nyanja ghakakwera mamita 8 kuluska umo ghaliri sono. Kumwera kose kwa Florida kukaŵa maji ghanandi yayi. Ku Florida kukaŵa malibwe ghanandi agho ghakaŵa pafupi na malo agho sono ni Miami na Dry Tortugas. Malo agho ghakaŵa kuseri kwa malibwe agha, ghakaŵa nyanja yikuru, ndipo malibwe gha miyala yakuchemeka Miami ghakafuma mu malo agha. Kwamba vyaka 100,000 ivyo vyajumpha, nyengo ya chiwuvi ya Wisconsin yikamba kuchepeska nyanja, ndipo pasi pa nyanja pakavumbukwa. Vyaka 15,000 ivyo vyajumpha, maji gha mu nyanja ghakaŵa kuti ghajumpha pa mamita 90 m'paka 110. Kufuma apo, nyanja yikakwera mwaluŵiro chomene, ndipo vyaka 4,000 ivyo vyajumpha, yikaŵa nga umo yiliri sono.<ref name="geology">{{Cite web |title=Miami Geology |url=http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Miami_Geology.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314102309/http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Miami_Geology.html |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=April 3, 2019 |website=miami-americabeach.com}}</ref> Pasi pa dambo ili pali maji gha Biscayne Aquifer, agho ghakwenda kufuma kumwera kwa chigaŵa cha Palm Beach m'paka ku Florida Bay. Likwiza kufupi comene na msumba wa Miami Springs na Hialeah. Chigaŵa chikuru cha Miami chikupokera maji kufuma ku Biscayne Aquifer. Chifukwa cha maji agha, ntchakusuzga kukumba pasi pa msumba uwu kwambura kukumana na maji. Pa cifukwa ici, misewu ya mu msumba wa Miami na yapafupi nayo njakukwezgeka. Chigaŵa chikuru cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu chili mumphepete mwa chigaŵa cha Everglades. Viyuni ivi vikunjira mu mizi ya ku Miami na mu misewu yikuruyikuru.<ref name="geology" /> ===Cityscape=== {{See also|List of tallest buildings in Miami|Miami Modern architecture}} {{Wide image|Downtown Miami Panorama from the Rusty Pelican photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|800px|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] seen from [[Virginia Key]], 2014}} {{Wide image|Downtown Miami, Miami, FL, USA - panoramio (15).jpg|800px|Northern [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] overlooking [[Interstate 95]], 2014}} {{Wide image|DowntownMiamiPanorama.jpg|800px|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] as seen from [[PortMiami]], 2009}} ====Neighborhoods==== {{Main|Neighborhoods in Miami}}{{stack|float=right| [[File:Miamihighpoint.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|View from one of the higher points in Miami, west of [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]]. The highest natural point in the city of Miami is in [[Coconut Grove]], near [[Biscayne Bay]] along the [[Miami Rock Ridge]] at {{convert|24|ft|m}} [[Metres above sea level|above sea level]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitman |first=Dean |date=September 1997 |title=Notes on the geology and Water Resources of South Florida |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~whitmand/Courses/Fl_geo_notes.html |access-date=January 11, 2011 |website=Notes on Florida Geology |publisher=[[Florida International University]]}}</ref>]] [[File:Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (Miami, Florida).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The historic district of [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] is one of the city's oldest with buildings constructed as far back as 1896.]] [[File:Miami neighborhoodsmap.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of Miami neighborhoods]] }} Miami yili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa vya kumpoto, kumwera, kumanjiliro gha dazi, na Downtown. Msumba uwu uli na chigaŵa chakuchemeka Downtown Miami, icho chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu. Msumba wa Miami ndiwo ni msumba ukuru comene wa boma la Florida, ndipo uli na mabanki ghanandi, makhoti, malo ghakusungirako vinthu vya ndalama, malo ghakusangulukira, masukulu, mapaki, na ŵanthu ŵanandi. Mu Brickell Avenue ndimo muli mabanki ghanandi gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana mu United States. Kumpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Downtown kuli chigaŵa cha Health District, icho chili pakati pa chipatala cha Miami, maofesi gha kafukufuku na biotechnology, pamoza na vipatala nga ni Jackson Memorial Hospital, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, na University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.<ref name="neighborhoods">{{Cite web |title=Neighborhoods in Miami |url=http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Neighborhoods_in_Miami.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314095512/http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Neighborhoods_in_Miami.html |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2019 |website=miami-americabeach.com}}</ref> Ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Miami kuli mizi ya Coral Way, The Roads, na Coconut Grove. Ku Coral Way kuli malo ghakukhalako agho ghakazengeka mu 1922 pakati pa Downtown na Coral Gables. Coconut Grove, yikazengeka mu 1825, ndipo yikaŵa malo ghakusangwa na mizi. Mu msumba uwu ndimo muli Nyumba ya Ufumu ya Miami pa Dinner Key, Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, na Coconut Grove Convention Center. Mu tawuni iyi muli malo ghanandi ghakusungirako vyakusanguluska, malo ghakurya, na mashopu. Coconut Grove yikumanyikwa na mapaki na minda yinandi, nga ni Vizcaya Museum, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, na nyumba zinyake zinandi. Ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Miami kuli vigaŵa vya Little Havana, West Flagler, na Flagami. Nangauli nyengo yinyake chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa cha Ŵayuda, kweni mazuŵa ghano ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Central America na Cuba ndiwo ŵakukhala ku chigaŵa cha Miami. Ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Miami kuli Midtown, chigaŵa icho chili na ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana. Chigaŵa cha Edgewater mu Midtown chili na nyumba zikuruzikuru ndipo kuli Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. Wynwood ni cigaŵa ca luso ico cili na magalasi 10 mu malo ghakusungiramo vinthu ghakale, kweniso vili na vithuzithuzi vikuru vyakutowa. Ŵanthu ŵasambazi ŵa ku Miami ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa cha Design District na Upper Eastside, uko kuli nyumba zinandi za m'ma 1920 kweniso viyelezgero vya nyumba za miziyamu za ku Miami mu chigaŵa cha MiMo Historic District. Ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Miami kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵali kufuma ku vyaru vya Africa na Caribbean, kusazgapo Little Haiti, Overtown (uko kuli Lyric Theater), na Liberty City.<ref name="neighborhoods" /> ===Nyengo=== {{Main|Climate of Miami}} [[File:Miamisummershower.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Summer afternoon thunderstorm rolling into Miami from the [[Everglades]], July 2006]] Miami wali na mphepo ya mphepo ya tropical monsoon (Köppen climate classification Am) na chihanya chamoto na chakumera na nyengo yakuzizima.<ref name="Miami, Florida">{{Cite web |title=Weather: Miami, Florida |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=20227&cityname=Miami%2C+Florida%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |access-date=March 30, 2015 |website=Weatherbase}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf}}</ref> Msumba uwu uli pa mtunda wa nyanja, uli mumphepete mwa nyanja, uli pachanya pa Tropic of Cancer, ndipo uli pafupi na Gulf Stream. Nyengo yakuzizima, kufuma mu Disembala m'paka mu Malichi, kukuzizima chomene. Mwezi wa Janyuwale ndiwo ngwakuzizima chomene, ndipo zuŵa lililose ŵakuzizima chomene. Kuzizima kwa nyengo ya chiwuvi kukuchepera 10 °C kwa maora ghatatu panji ghanayi. Ku Miami kuli nyengo ziŵiri, nyengo yakuzizima na yakuzizima kufuma mu Meyi m'paka Okutobala, kweniso nyengo yakuzizima na yakuzizima kufuma mu Novembala m'paka Epulero. Mu nyengo yakuzizima na ya chivula, zuŵa lililose kukuwa ŵaleza. Nyengo ya vula ku Miami yikulongosoreka kuti ni nyengo iyo chiwuvi chikuŵa pachanya pa 21 °C. Nyengo ya vula yikwamba pa zuŵa lakwamba, panji para pajumpha mazuŵa ghachoko waka. Mwakuyana waka, vula yikuchepa chomene ku Miami para vula ya muhanya yose yafika pa 21°C panji kusi. Kufuma mu 1956 m'paka mu 1997, nyengo ya chihanya yikambanga pa Epulero 16 m'paka Juni 3. Mu vyaka ivi, nyengo ya chihanya yikamaranga pa Seputembala 24 m'paka Novembala 1. Mu nyengo ya chihanya, matenthedwe ghakukhala pakati pa 80s mpaka 90s ° F (29-35 ° C) ndipo ghakukolerana na chithukivu chikuru, nangauli nyengo zinandi muhanya, chithukivu chikuchepeskeka na ŵaleza panji mphepo ya mu nyanja iyo yikufuma ku Atlantic Ocean. Mu nyengo iyi, mu charu ichi mukulokwa maji ghanandi. Mu myezi yakuzizima, jumi likwenda kufuma pa 22°C mu Juni kufika pa 23°C mu Ogasiti. Pa Febuluwale 3, 1917, kukafika pa 27 ° F (−2.8 ° C) m'paka pa 38 ° C pa Julayi 21, 1942. Nangauli ku Miami kulije malo agho kulipo chiwuvi kufuma apo ŵakalembako, kweni mu malo ghanyake mu msumba uwu mukawa chiwuvi pa Janyuwale 19, 1977. Nyengo yakuzizima iyo yikaŵako mu United States mu Disembala 1989 yikaŵa ya 45 °F (7 °C). Nyengo zinyake, mu usiku umoza, maji ghakututuka chomene ghakaŵanga madigiri 29. Kuŵapo kwa nyengo ya chihanya yikulongora kuti nyengo ya chihanya yikwenda makora. Nyengo ya chimphepo yikwamba pa Juni 1 m'paka pa Novembala 30, nangauli nyengo iyi yingajumpha. Nyengo yiwemi comene yakuti cimphepo ici cikhwaske msumba wa Miami ni apo nyengo ya ku Cape Verde yili paheni comene, pakati pa Ogasiti na kuumaliro wa Seputembala. Nangauli mu chigaŵa ichi vikusuzga chomene kuwona chimphepo chikuru, kweni chimoza chikachitika mu 1925 ndipo chinyake mu 1997. Pafupifupi 40% ya nyumba za ku Miami zili kuzengeka pa malo agho kuli maji ghanandi ndipo ni malo agho ghangabwangasuka. Miami wali pasi pa chigaŵa cha 10b/11a cha dipatimenti ya vyakurya. Miami njimoza mwa misumba yikuru ya mumphepete mwa nyanja ndiposo misumba yikuru-yikuru mu United States iyo yizamukhuŵara comene na kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuyana na lipoti la 2020 la bungwe la Resources for the Future, tawuni iyi njimoza mwa misumba iyo yili pangozi chomene. Mu 2070 maji gha mu nyanja ghazamukwera kufika pa masentimita 53 m'paka 100 mu Miami, ndipo ivi vizamupangiska kuti kuŵe chimphepo chikuru, kututuka kwa maji, kweniso kuti maji gha mu tawuni ghaleke kwenda makora.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida |url=https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf |access-date=February 11, 2022 |website=www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami-Dade County – Environment – Impact on South Florida |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/climate-change-impact.asp |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=www.miamidade.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Luscombe |first=Richard |date=April 21, 2020 |title=Will Florida be lost forever to the climate crisis? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/21/florida-climate-crisis-sea-level-habitat-loss |access-date=November 14, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Vinthu vinyake ivyo vingachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ni mphepo zinonono chomene na ŵaleza ŵakofya, ivyo vingapangiska chivula cha malibwe panji chimphepo chikuru. Ŵakuchitapo kanthu kuti ŵavikilire malo agha, kusazgapo kunozga malo ghakuzingilizga nyanja na kuŵikapo vigongwe, kuzengaso nyumba na misewu iyo njakukhora, na kunozga malo ghakukhalako nga ni malo ghakututuka. Mzinda wa Miami Beach waŵika ndalama zakukwana madola 500 miliyoni kuti uvikilire misewu, nyumba, na maji. Mtengo wa katundu mu msumba wa Miami ukuyana waka na mtengo wa katundu uyo wakusangika pa malo ghapacanya mu msumba uwu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olick |first=Diana |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Rising Risks: 'Climate gentrification' is changing Miami real estate values – for better and worse |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/climate-gentrification-is-changing-miami-real-estate-values.html |access-date=November 14, 2020 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref> {{Miami weatherbox}} == Ŵanthu == {{Main|Demographics of Miami}} {{Further|Cuban migration to Miami}} {{US Census population |1900=1681 |1910=5471 |1920=29571 |1930=110637 |1940=172172 |1950=249276 |1960=291688 |1970=334859 |1980=346865 |1990=358648 |2000=362470 |2010=399457 |2020=442241 |estimate=449514 |estyear=2022 |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="Census">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/ |website=U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref><br> 1900–1970<ref name="HistoricalCensus1890to1970">{{cite web |title=Census Counts: 1890-2020 |url=http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/local-government/data/data-a-to-z/FLmunicipalcensus.xls |website=Florida Municipal Population Census Counts: 1890 to 2020 |publisher=Office of Economic and Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature |access-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404171529/http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/local-government/data/data-a-to-z/FLmunicipalcensus.xls |archive-date=4 April 2022 |date=2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> 1980<ref name="1980Census1">{{cite web |title=General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-02.pdf |website=07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> 1990<ref name="1990Census1">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-11-1.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref><br>2000<ref name="2000CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PL002&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002 |website=PL002 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> 2010<ref name="2010CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> 2020<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" /> 2022<ref name="2022VintagePopulationEstimate" /> }} Miami ni msumba ukuru comene mu South Florida, msumba waciŵiri ukuru comene mu Florida, ndipo ni msumba ukuru comene uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 6 miliyoni. Nangauli mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu ŵambura kukwana 14 pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi, kweni ni tawuni yichoko chomene pakuyaniska na misumba yinyake iyo yili pafupi na tawuni iyi. Mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene kuluska mu chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade, icho ntchikuru chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Msumba uwu ukakura mwaluŵiro mu hafu yakwamba ya vyaka vya m'ma 1900, ndipo unandi wa ŵanthu ukakura kufuma pa 1,681 pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 1900 kufika pa 249,276 pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 1950. Ichi chikapangiska kuti msumba uwu uŵe ukuru chomene mu Florida, ndipo ukalutilira kuŵa msumba ukuru m'paka apo msumba wa Jacksonville ukazomerezgekera kuti uŵe msumba umoza. Kufuma nyengo yira, msumba wa Miami ndiwo ni msumba ukuru comene waciŵiri mu Florida. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, msumba uwu ukaŵa na ŵanthu ŵachoko waka, ndipo mu ma 1950 na 1960, ukakura mwaluŵiro chomene. Msumba uwu ukakura na 34.3% mu vyaka vya m'ma 1950 na 1960, apo ŵanthu ŵakakwana 334,859 pa kalembera wa mu 1970. Ndipouli, mu vyaka 30 vyakulondezgapo, msumba uwu ukakura waka na 8.2%, ndipo pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 2000, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 362,470. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000 na 2010, ŵanthu ŵa ku Miami ŵakamba kukura chomene chifukwa cha kuzenga nyumba zakudikanya mu Downtown Miami, Edgewater, na Brickell. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni (kufuma ku Brickell kumpoto m'paka ku Midtown Miami) ŵakakura pafupifupi 40% pakati pa 2010 na 2018. Kufuma mu 2000 kufika mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu ŵakakura na 10.2% ndipo ŵakafika 399,457 mu 2010. Mu ma 2010, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu tawuni iyi chikakwana 400,000, ndipo pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 2020, chikakura na 10.7%, kufika pa ŵanthu 442,241.<ref name="DowntownGrowth1">{{cite web |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Rene |title=More people than ever live in downtown Miami &#124; AP News |url=https://apnews.com/article/6d7c12fb3ff54bbd898baf096bf92819 |website=More people than ever live in downtown Miami |publisher=AP News |access-date=22 March 2023 |date=2 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DowntownGrowth2">{{cite web |title=Miami FL growth creates social & economic inequality &#124; Miami Herald |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/real-estate-news/article229029784.html |website=Priced out of paradise: Why locals can no longer afford to live in Miami|publisher=Miami Herald |access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" !Historical racial composition !style="width: 5em;"|2020<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" /> !style="width: 5em;"|2010<ref name="2010CensusPopulationByRace" /> !style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusPopulationByRace" /> !style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census1" /> !style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census1" /> |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (non-Hispanic) |14.0% |11.9% |11.8% |12.2% |19.4% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] |70.2% |70.0% |65.8% |62.5% |55.9% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[African American|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) |11.9% |16.3% |19.9% |24.6% |23.7% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Asian American|Asian]] and [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (non-Hispanic) |1.3% |0.9% |0.6% |0.5% |rowspan="3"|1.0% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (non-Hispanic) |0.1% |0.1% |0.1% |0.1% |- |style="text-align:left"|Other Race (non-Hispanic) |0.6% |0.2% |0.1% |0.1% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] (non-Hispanic) |2.0% |0.7% |1.7% |N/A |N/A |- !style="text-align:left"|Population !style="text-align:right"|442,241 !style="text-align:right"|399,457 !style="text-align:right"|362,470 !style="text-align:right"|358,548 !style="text-align:right"|346,865 |} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" !Racial composition<br>before 1980 <ref>{{cite web |title=Table 10. Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places; Earliest Census to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/FLtab.pdf |website=Table 10. Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places; Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170235/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/FLtab.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2018 |date=13 July 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width: 4em;"|1970 !style="width: 4em;"|1960 !style="width: 4em;"|1950 !style="width: 4em;"|1940 !style="width: 4em;"|1930 !style="width: 4em;"|1920 !style="width: 4em;"|1910 |- |align="left" |[[White Americans|White]] (including [[White Hispanic|Hispanic]]) |76.6% ||77.4% ||83.7% ||78.5% ||77.3% ||68.5%||58.7% |- |align="left" |[[African Americans|Black or African American]] (including [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic]]) |22.7% ||22.4% ||16.2% ||21.4% ||22.7% ||31.3%||41.3% |- | align="left" |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (including [[Asian Hispanic|Hispanic]]) |0.3%||0.1% ||0.1% ||0.1% ||< 0.1% ||0.1% ||0.1% |- |align="left" |Other (including [[Hispanic or Latino Americans|Hispanic]]) |0.4%||0.1% ||0.1% ||< 0.1% ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A |- |align="left" |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] |45.3% ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A |- |align="left" |[[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic White]] |32.9%||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A |- !align="left" |Population !334,859 !!291,688 !!249,276 !!172,172 !!110,637 !!29,571 !!5,471 |} Mu 1970, wupu wa Census Bureau ukati ŵanthu ŵa ku Miami ŵakaŵa 45.3% ŵa mtundu wa Hispanic, 32.9% ŵa mtundu unyake, ndipo 22.7% ŵakaŵa ŵa mtundu wakuda. Kukura kwa ŵanthu mu Miami kukapangika cifukwa ca ŵanthu awo ŵakasamukira mu msumba uwu kufuma ku vigaŵa vinyake vya caru, m'paka mu ma 1960. Kwambira mu 1970 m'paka mu 2000, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu msumba uwu chikakhalilira waka, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵambura kufuma ku Spain awo ŵakakhalanga ku Miami ŵakafumako ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwiza kufuma ku Latin America, chomenechomene ku Cuba. Mu nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Spain ŵakakhazikika mu msumba uwu, ndipo mu 1985, msumba uwu ukasora meya wakwamba wa ku Cuba, Xavier Suarez. Mu 1990, ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Miami ŵakaŵa 90,000. Kweni kufuma nyengo yira, ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi ŵakwamba kuchepa. Pa nyengo ya kalembera uyo wakachitika mu 2020, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 52,447, ndipo ŵalipo 11.7% pera. Vinyake ivyo vikupangiska ni ndalama zinandi izo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska mu malo nga ni Liberty City na Little Haiti.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dieujuste |first1=Kevin |title=Little Haiti and Liberty City residents raise concerns about gentrification |url=https://sfmn.fiu.edu/little-haiti-and-liberty-city-residents-raise-concerns-about-gentrification/ |website=Little Haiti and Liberty City residents raise concerns about gentrification |publisher=FIU |access-date=22 March 2023 |date=June 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What’s really driving ‘climate gentrification’ in Miami? It isn’t fear of sea-level rise |url=https://theconversation.com/whats-really-driving-climate-gentrification-in-miami-it-isnt-fear-of-sea-level-rise-191737 |website=What’s really driving ‘climate gentrification’ in Miami? It isn’t fear of sea-level rise |publisher=The Conversation |access-date=22 March 2023 |date=6 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵachizungu yayi ŵakamba kuchepa mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, apo ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi na pakati pa Miami awo ŵakaŵa Ŵachizungu ŵakamba kuchepa. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambe kusamira ku chigaŵa cha Downtown (kufuma ku Latin America pera yayi, kweniso ku United States). Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambura kuzunura chiyowoyero cha Spain ŵakwere kufuma pa 11.8% pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 2000 kufika pa 11.9% pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 2010. Pamanyuma pa ivi, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵachizungu yayi ŵakakura mwaluŵiro chomene kuluska msumba wose mu ma 2010, ndipo pa nyengo ya kalembera wa mu 2020, ŵanthu Ŵachizungu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵachizungu yayi ŵakaŵa 14.0% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu ndipo ŵakaŵapo 61,829, nambara iyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene kwambira mu ma 1980. Ŵazungu ŵa ku Miami awo mba Hispanic yayi ŵakaluska ŵa ku America awo mba Black. {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" !style="width: 20em;"|Demographic characteristics !style="width: 7em;"|2020<ref name="2020CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H1 &#124; OCCUPANCY STATUS |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.H1 |website=H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2020CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P12 &#124; SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED AGE CATEGORIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P12 |website=P12: SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED ... - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=27 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2020CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P13 &#124; MEDIAN AGE BY SEX |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P13 |website=P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=27 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> !style="width: 7em;"|2010<ref name="2010CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H1 &#124; OCCUPANCY STATUS |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.H1 |website=H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2010CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P12 &#124; SEX BY AGE |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P12 |website=P12: SEX BY AGE - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2010CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P13 &#124; MEDIAN AGE BY SEX |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P13 |website=P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> !style="width: 7em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H003 &#124; OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H003&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.H003 |website=H003: OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2000CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P012 &#124; SEX BY AGE [49] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P012&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P012 |website=P012: SEX BY AGE [49] - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2000CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P013 &#124; MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P013&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P013 |website=P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] - Census Bureau Table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> !style="width: 7em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census1" /> !style="width: 7em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census1" /> |- |style="text-align:left"|Households |212,146 |183,994 |148,388 |130,252 |134,046 |- |style="text-align:left"|Persons per household |2.08 |2.17 |2.44 |2.69 |2.59 |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Sex Ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males per 100 females}} |97.8 |99.2 |98.9 |93.5 |88.0 |- |style="text-align:left"|Ages 0–17 |16.5% |18.4% |21.7% |23.0% |21.4% |- |style="text-align:left"|Ages 18–64 |69.0% |65.6% |61.3% |60.4% |61.6% |- |style="text-align:left"|Ages 65 + |14.5% |16.0% |17.0% |16.6% |17.0% |- |style="text-align:left"|Median age |39.7 |38.8 |37.7 |35.9 |38.2 |- !style="text-align:left"|Population !style="text-align:right"|442,241 !style="text-align:right"|399,457 !style="text-align:right"|362,470 !style="text-align:right"|358,548 !style="text-align:right"|346,865 |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right" !colspan="4"|Economic indicators |- !style="width: 14em;"|2017–21 [[American Community Survey]] !style="width: 7em;"|Miami !style="width: 7em;"|Miami-Dade County !style="width: 7em;"|Florida |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Median income|Median income in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars}}<ref name="ACSPersonalIncome">{{cite web |title=S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S2001&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S2001 |website=S2001 &#124; EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> |$31,472 |$32,513 |$34,367 |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Median household income|Median household income in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars}}<ref name="ACSHouseholdIncome">{{cite web |title=S1901: INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1901&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1901 |website=S1901 &#124; INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> |$47,860 |$57,815 |$61,777 |- |style="text-align:left"|Poverty Rate<ref name="ACSPoverty">{{cite web |title=S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1701&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1701 |website=S1701 &#124; POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> |20.9% |15.7% |13.1% |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|High school diploma|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with a high school diploma or higher}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment">{{cite web |title=S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1501&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1501 |website=S1501 &#124; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> |79.2% |82.5% |89.0% |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Bachelor's degree|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with a bachelor's degree or higher}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment" /> |33.1% |31.7% |31.5% |- |style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Advanced degree|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with an advanced degree}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment" /> |13.2% |11.9% |11.7% |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" !style="width: 20em;"|Language spoken at home{{efn|name=languages|Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned}} !style="width: 5em;"|2015{{efn|name=ACS2015Language|Refers to 2013–2017 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2015Language">{{cite web |title=C16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=C16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.C16001&moe=true |website=C16001 &#124; LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}} !style="width: 5em;"|2010{{efn|name=ACS2010Language|Refers to 2008–2012 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2010Language">{{cite web |title=B16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B16001&moe=true |website=B16001 &#124; LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}} !style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusLanguage">{{cite web |title=PCT010: AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT010&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT010 |website=PCT010 &#124; AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER [83] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> !style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census2">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 3 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-1.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> !style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census2">{{cite web |title=General Social and Economic Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-09.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:left"|[[English language|English]] |23.0% |22.6% |24.7% |26.7% |36.0% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Spanish language|Spanish]] or [[Spanish Creole]] |70.0% |69.9% |66.6% |64.0% |57.5% |- |style="text-align:left"|[[French language|French]] or [[Haitian Creole]] |4.5% |4.9% |6.0% |7.7% |2.6% |- |style="text-align:left"|Other Languages |2.5% |2.6% |2.7% |1.6% |3.9% |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" !style="width: 20em;"|Nativity !style="width: 5em;"|2015{{efn|name=ACS2015Nativity|Refers to 2013–2017 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2015ForeignBorn1">{{cite web |title=B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05001&moe=true |website=B05001 &#124; NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ACS2015ForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05006&moe=true |website=B05006 &#124; PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}} !style="width: 5em;"|2010{{efn|name=ACS2010Nativity|Refers to 2008–2012 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2010Nativity">{{cite web |title=B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05001&moe=true |website=B05001 &#124; NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ACS2010ForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05006&moe=true |website=B05006 &#124; PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}} !style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusNativity">{{cite web |title=P021: PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P021&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.P021 |website=P021 &#124; PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS [15] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2000CensusForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=PCT019: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT019&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT019 |website=PCT019 &#124; PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION [126] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> !style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census3">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 2 of 3 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-2.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 2 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="1990Census2" /> !style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census2" /> |- |style="text-align:left"|'''% population [[Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)|native-born]]''' |'''42.0%''' |'''41.9%''' |'''40.5%''' |'''40.3%''' |'''46.3%''' |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in the [[United States]] |39.3% |39.3% |37.9% |37.3% |43.4% |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Puerto Rico]] or [[Territories of the United States|Island Areas]] |1.8% |1.7% |1.9% |2.2% |rowspan="2"|2.9% |- |style="text-align:left"|... born to [[Jus sanguinis|American parents abroad]] |0.9% |0.9% |0.6% |0.7% |- |style="text-align:left"|'''% population [[Immigration to the United States|foreign-born]]{{efn|name=foreignborn|Only countries of birth which at least 1% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 were born in are mentioned}}''' |'''58.0%''' |'''58.1%''' |'''59.5%''' |'''59.7%''' |'''53.7%''' |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Cuba]] |27.6% |27.5% |30.3% |32.1% |35.9% |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Nicaragua]] |5.4% |5.7% |7.2% |7.3% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately|Not counted separately; aggregated into "Other" category}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Honduras]] |5.0% |5.4% |4.5% |1.9% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Haiti]] |2.8% |3.2% |3.9% |5.0% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Colombia]] |2.8% |2.4% |1.9% |1.2% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Venezuela]] |1.8% |1.4% |0.6% |0.4% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in the [[Dominican Republic]] |1.7% |1.9% |2.0% |1.2% |0.6% |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Peru]] |1.1% |1.0% |0.9% |0.6% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Argentina]] |1.0% |1.1% |0.6% |0.2% |N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}} |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Mexico]] |0.9% |1.1% |0.6% |0.4% |0.1% |- |style="text-align:left"|... born in other countries |7.9% |7.4% |7.0% |9.4% |17.1% |} Mu 2010, ŵanthu 34.4% ŵa mu msumba uwu ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Cuba, 15.8% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Central America (7.2% ŵa ku Nicaragua, 5.8% ŵa ku Honduras, 1.2% ŵa ku El Salvador, na 1.0% ŵa ku Guatemala), 8.7% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku South America (3.2% ŵa ku Colombia, 1.4% ŵa ku Venezuela, 1.2% ŵa ku Peru, 1.2% ŵa ku Argentina, 1.0% ŵa ku Chile na 0.7% ŵa ku Ecuador), 4.0% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Spain panji ŵa ku Latin America (0.5% ŵa ku Spain), 3.2% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Puerto Rico, 2.4% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Dominican, ndipo 1.5% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Mexico. Mu 2010, ŵanthu 5.6% ŵa mu tawuni iyi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku West Indian panji Afro-Caribbean American (4.4% ŵa ku Haiti, 0.4% ŵa ku Jamaica, 0.4% ŵa ku Bahamas, 0.1% ŵa ku British West Indian, na 0.1% ŵa ku Trinidad na Tobago, 0.1% ŵa ku West Indian), 3.0% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Black Hispanics, ndipo 0.4% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Sub-Saharan Africa. Mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe (ŵambura kufuma ku Spain) ŵakaŵa 11.9% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Miami. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu, 1.7% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Germany, 1.6% ŵa ku Italy, 1.4% ŵa ku Ireland, 1.0% ŵa ku England, 0.8% ŵa ku France, 0.6% ŵa ku Russia, na 0.5% ŵa ku Poland. Mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia ndiwo ŵakaŵa 1.0% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Miami. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu, 0.3% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku India/Indo-Caribbean (1,206), 0.3% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku China/Chinese Caribbean (1,804), 0.2% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Philippines (647), 0.1% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Asia (433), 0.1% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Japan (245), 0.1% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Korea (213), ndipo 0.0% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Vietnam (125). Mu 2010, ŵanthu 1.9% ŵakajiwonanga kuti mbakufuma ku America pera (kwali mba fuko wuli), apo 0.5% ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Arabia.<ref name="MIAMIdemo">{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 – 2010 Demographic Profile Data |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=October 25, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>{{Pie chart | thumb = right | caption = Religion in the Miami Metro Area (2014)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web |title=Adults in the Miami metro area |url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/miami-metro-area/ |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> | label1 = [[Protestantism]] | value1 = 39 | color1 = DodgerBlue | label2 = [[Catholicism]] | value2 = 27 | color2 = #d4213d | label3 = [[Mormonism]] | value3 = 0.5 | color3 = DarkTurquoise | label4 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] | value4 = 0.5 | color4 = Purple | label5 = [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] | value5 = 1 | color5 = Aquamarine | label6 = Other Christian | value6 = 1 | color6 = Pink | label7 = [[Irreligious|No religion]] | value7 = 21 | color7 = Honeydew | label8 = Judaism | value8 = 9 | color8 = Blue | label9 = Other religion | value9 = 1 | color9 = Chartreuse }} Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2014 na Pew Research Center, Chikhristu ndicho ntchisopa icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulondezga mu Miami (68%), ndipo 39% ŵakuyowoya kuti ŵakusopa mu matchalitchi ghakupambanapambana agho ghangaŵa gha Chiprotesitanti, ndipo 27% ŵakuti Mbakatolika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |website=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2015 |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life}}</ref>Kufuma apo pali Chiyuda (9%); Chislamu, Chibuda, Chihindu, na visopa vinyake vinandi vili na ŵanthu ŵachoko; ŵanthu 21% ŵakugomezga yayi kuti kuli Chiuta panji ŵali mu chisopa chilichose. Mu Miami mukaŵa tchalitchi la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Norway kwamba mu ma 1980. Mu Novembala 2011, Mfumukazi Mette-Marit ya ku Norway yikajulira tchalitchi ili. Tchalitchi ili likazengeka kuti ŵanthu 10,000 ŵa ku Scandinavia awo ŵakukhala mu Florida ŵakhalengemo. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, ŵanthu 4,000 mba ku Norway. Kweniso tchalitchi ili ndakuzirwa comene ku ŵanthu 150 ŵa ku Norway awo ŵakugwira nchito ku Walt Disney World ku Central Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crown Princess Opens Seamen's Church in Miami |url=http://www.norwaypost.no/index.php/news/latest-news/26012-crown-princess-opens-seamens-church-in-miami-26012 |access-date=August 3, 2013 |website=Norwaypost.nodate=November 21, 2011}}</ref> Kuyana na ndondomeko ya ŵanthu awo ŵalije pakukhala mu 2022, mu chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade mukaŵa ŵanthu 3,440 ŵambura pakukhala, ndipo 970 ŵakaŵa mu misewu. Mu msumba wa Miami, mukaŵa ŵanthu 591 ŵambura pakukhala mu misewu, kufuma pa 555 mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami Rescue Mission: Many Families A Paycheck Away From Being Homeless |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/homelessness-miami-rescue-mission/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Chuma== [[File:Brickell1.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] is a national hub for finance, commerce, and [[international business]]. [[Brickell Avenue]] in Downtown Miami has the largest concentration of international banks in the nation.]] [[File:Miamimanhattanizationdowntown.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|As seen in 2006, the [[List of tallest buildings in Miami|high-rise construction]] in Miami has inspired popular opinion of "[[manhattanization|Miami's Manhattanization]]".]] [[File:Brickell Avenue 20100203.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Brickell Avenue]] in Downtown Miami's [[Brickell|Brickell Financial District]], February 2010]] Miami ni msumba ukuru wa vyamalonda na vya ndalama ndipo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuchita malonda. Kuyana na 2020 ranking of world cities undertaken by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations, Miami yikuwoneka kuti ni Beta + level world city, pamoza na Atlanta, Dallas, na Houston, kweni kuyana na census ya US pakati pa 2015 ∼ 2019, Miami yikusoŵa mu nkhani ya nyumba zakukhalamo, kompyuta na intaneti, masambiro ghakukhwaskana na digiri ya bachelor panji kujumpha, median household income, per capita income, uku yikufikapo pa chiŵelengero chikuru cha ŵanthu mu ukavu. Miami wali na Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) ya $257 billion, ndipo wali pa malo 11 mu United States na 20 pa caru cose.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025? |url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID%3D1562 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000745/http://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |archive-date=May 31, 2013 |access-date=November 20, 2009 |website=PricewaterhouseCoopers UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gross Metropolitan Product |url=http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product |access-date=September 29, 2011 |publisher=Greyhill Advisors}}</ref> Makampani ghanandi ghakuru ghali na ofesi yawo mu Miami, kusazgapo Akerman LLP, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Brightstar Corporation, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Duany Plater-Zyberk, Greenberg Traurig, Inktel Direct, Lennar Corporation, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, OPKO Health, Parkjockey, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean International, Sitel, Southern Wine & Spirits, Telemundo, Vector Group, Watsco na World Fuel Services. Makampani ghakujumpha 1,400 gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana ghali mu Miami, ndipo mabungwe ghanandi ghakuru gha pa caru cose ghali na ofesi yawo yikuru ku Latin America (panji maofesi gha mu vigaŵa) mu msumba uwu kusazgapo Walmart. Kweniso, makampani agho ghali mu misumba yapafupi panji mu vigaŵa vyambura kukolerana na boma vya Miami-Dade County ni Benihana, Burger King, Carnival Cruise Line, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Perry Ellis International, Ryder, Sedano's, UniMás, na U.S. Banki ya Century. Mzinda wa Miami ndiwo ukwendeskeka chomene pa nkhani za TV, ndipo ndiwo msumba wakuzirwa chomene ku United States. Telemundo na UniMás ŵali na ofesi yawo yikuru ku Miami. Ma studio gha Univisión na Telemundo ghakupanga mapulogiramu ghanandi gha pa TV, nga ni telenovelas, nkhani, maseŵero, na ma talk show. Mu 2011, 85% ya mapulogiramu gha Telemundo ghakaŵa gha ku Miami. Miami nayo ni msumba wakuzirwa comene pa nkhani ya kwimba sumu. Msumba uwu ukuŵaso na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakujambura mavidiyo gha sumu na mafilimu. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, msumba uwu ukaŵa na katundu munandi chomene kufuma apo charu cha Florida chikambira mu 1920, ndipo msumba uwu ukaŵa na nyumba zakukwana 100. Kweni ŵakazenga 50 pera. Kuzenga nyumba zinandi mwaluŵiro kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakhalenge mu mizi ya Miami, ndipo Downtown, Brickell, na Edgewater, ndiwo ghakaŵa malo agho ghakakura luŵiro chomene mu msumba uwu. Msumba uwu uli na nyumba zakudikanya zakukwana 7 zakudikanya chomene mu Florida. Mu 2007, ku malo agha kukaŵa suzgo likuru chifukwa cha kunangika kwa nyumba. Nga ni vigaŵa vinyake vya ku United States, vigeŵenga vikusangika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Mu 2016, webusayiti ya 24/7 Wall Street yikalemba kuti msumba wa Miami ndiwo nguheni chomene ku United States, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu misumba iyi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaufmanmkaufman |first=Michelle |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Miami was rated Worst American City to Live In by website 24/7 Wall St. |work=Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article86476492.html |access-date=September 23, 2017}}</ref> Malo gha ndege gha Miami International Airport (MIA) na PortMiami ghali na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu charu ichi, chomenechomene awo ŵakunjira mu vyaru vya South America na Caribbean. PortMiami ni dowoko la vyakurya vinandi comene pa caru, ndipo MIA ni dowoko la vyakurya vinandi comene ku Florida ndiposo ni cipata cikuru comene pakati pa United States na Latin America. Chifukwa cha nkhongono zake mu bizinesi ya vyaru vyakupambanapambana, ndalama na malonda, msumba uwu uli na mabanki ghanandi chomene gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana mu charu ichi, chomenechomene mu Brickell Avenue mu chigaŵa cha ndalama cha Brickell, Miami. Mu 2003, msumba wa Miami ndiwo ukachitiska ungano wa vyaru vya ku America. Ku Miami ndiko kuli National Hurricane Center na likuru la United States Southern Command. Kweniso msumba wa Miami ni msumba wa mafakitale, comenecomene wa malibwe na malo ghakusungiramo vinthu. Makampani agha ghakaŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu kufupi na Doral na Hialeah. Kuyana na U.S. Mu 2012, msumba wa Miami ndiwo ukaŵa na ndalama zinandi chomene pa misumba yikuruyikuru ya ku United States. Kweniso msumba wa Miami ngumoza mwa misumba yichoko chomene mu U.S. umo boma la mu msumba uwu likaleka kugwira ntchito mu 2001. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli nyerere zina lake Wasmannia auropunctata.<ref name="LFA">{{Cite journal |last1=Wetterer |first1=James |last2=Porter |first2=Sanford |date=2003 |title=The Little Fire Ant ''Wasmannia auropunctata'': Distribution, Impact and Control |journal=[[Sociobiology (journal)|Sociobiology]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |issn=0361-6525 |id=[[CABI ISC]] # [https://www.cabi.org/ISC/abstract/20043012612 20043012612]. [[AGRIS]] ID [https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300806939 US201300806939] |s2cid=53132506}}</ref> ===PortMiami=== {{Main|PortMiami}} [[File:Port of Miami 20071208.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[PortMiami]] is the world's largest cruise ship port, and is the headquarters of many of the world's largest cruise companies.]] [[File: PortMiami from Carnival Conquest (27 December 2022).jpg|thumb|179x179px|Photo of [[PortMiami]] from a boat's view.]] Ku Miami kuli dowoko likuru comene la ku United States. Ni dowoko likuru comene pa caru, ndipo kanandi likucemeka "Cruise Capital of the World" na "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". Kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 10, msumba uwu ukuŵa na ngalaŵa zikuruzikuru na maboti ghakurughakuru. Mu 2017, dowoko ili likawovwira ŵanthu 5,340,559. Kweniso, dowoko ili ni limoza mwa dowoko la vinthu ivyo vikwenda chomene mu charu ichi, ndipo mu 2017 likapeleka matani 9,162,340. Pa vyaru vya ku North America, ni malo ghaciŵiri kufuma ku New Orleans' Port of South Louisiana pa nkhani ya katundu uyo wakunjira mu vyaru vya Latin America. Mlonga uwu uli na malo ghakukwana maekala 2 ndipo uli na malo ghakukwelerako ŵanthu 7. Charu cha China ndicho chikuguliska katundu munandi chomene mu dowoko ili. Mu Miami muli malo ghakurughakuru chomene pa charu chose agho muli maofesi gha Carnival Cruise Line, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, na Royal Caribbean International. Mu 2014, Port of Miami Tunnel yikajulika, ndipo yikayaniska MacArthur Causeway na PortMiami.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordle |first=Ina Paiva |date=May 28, 2014 |title=The new PortMiami tunnel's opening is delayed until mid-June |work=The Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/28/4143644/the-new-portmiami-tunnels-opening.html |access-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref> ===Tourism and conventions=== [[File:Miami-florida-royal-caribbean-building.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Royal Caribbean International]] headquarters at [[PortMiami]]]] Kukopa ŵalendo ni mwa makampani ghakuru comene gha Miami, ndipo uli na nchito zakujumpha 144,800 mu Miami-Dade County.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=John |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Greater Miami Tourism Industry Setting Records |url=https://www.globest.com/2018/05/02/greater-miami-tourism-industry-setting-records/?slreturn=20180904191824 |access-date=April 1, 2019 |website=globest.com |publisher=GlobeSt}}</ref> Chifukwa chakuti tawuni iyi yikuzunulika kanandi waka mu sumu, mafilimu, na vinyake, yikumanyikwa pa charu chose. Mu 2016, msumba uwu ndiwo ukaŵa na ŵalendo ŵanandi chomene kuluska msumba unyake uliwose wa ku United States, pamanyuma pa New York City. Mu 2017, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 15.9 miliyoni ŵakiza ku Miami, ndipo ndalama izo ŵakasanga zikaŵa madola mabiliyoni 26.1.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herrera |first=Chabeli |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Despite Irma, Miami tourism grew in 2017. Will Asia flights make 2018 even better? |work=miamiherald.com |publisher=Miami Herald |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article210209129.html |access-date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Chifukwa cha mahotelo ghanandi na malo ghakusoperapo gha ku Miami Beach Convention Center, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku maungano gha chigaŵa. Malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta ku Miami ni South Beach, Lincoln Road, Bayside Marketplace, Downtown Miami, na Brickell City Centre. Chigaŵa cha Art Deco ku Miami Beach chikucemeka kuti ni cimoza mwa vigaŵa vyakutowa comene pa caru cose cifukwa ca malo gha maseŵero ghausiku, milyango ya nyanja, nyumba zakale, na mashopu. Vinthu ivyo vikuchitika chaka na chaka nga ni Miami Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine and Food Festival, na Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami vikukopa ŵanthu ŵanandi ku msumba uwu. ==Mwambo== {{See also|LGBT culture in Miami|List of films and television shows set in Miami|Music of Miami}} Mu msumba wa Miami muli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana. Miami wakumanyikwa na zina lakuti "Magic City" cifukwa ca kuŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi cifukwa ca ucoko wake ndiposo kukura kwake. Msumba uwu ngwakucemeka comene cifukwa ca nkhondo ya vyandyali iyo yikacitika mu ma 1980 ndiposo cifukwa ca kawonekero kake. Likumanyikwaso na zina lakuti "Mzinda wa ku Latin America" cifukwa ca ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoya Cisipanishi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fajardo |first=Luis |date=May 16, 2016 |title=How Miami became the capital of affluent Latin America |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36281648 |access-date=May 16, 2016 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lizette |date=July 19, 2014 |title=Influx of South Americans Drives Miami's Reinvention |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/us/20miami.html |access-date=July 19, 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Miami yikaŵa malo gha mafilimu ghanandi na ma TV, kusazgapo Miami Vice, Cocaine Cowboys, Burn Notice, Jane the Virgin, Scarface, The Birdcage, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Golden Girls, 2 Fast 2 Furious, na Dexter. Maseŵera gha pa vidiyo ghanandi, kusazgapo Hotline Miami, maseŵero gha pa galimoto gha Gameloft gha Asphalt Overdrive, Scarface: The World Is Yours, na Vice City mu maseŵero ghanandi gha pa vidiyo gha Grand Theft Auto, chomenechomene Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, ghakujintha pa Miami.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2002 |title=Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Graphics Q&A |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-vice-city-graphics-qanda/1100-2881042/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Entertainment and performing arts=== {{main|Music of Miami}} [[File:Knightconcerthall.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, malo ghaciŵiri ghakurughakuru mu United States]] Padera pa viphikiro ivyo vikuchitika chaka chilichose nga ni Calle Ocho Festival, ku Miami kuli malo ghanandi gha vyakusanguluska, malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale, malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale, na malo ghanyake ghakuchitirako vyakusanguluska. Malo ghaphya agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa ku Miami ni Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, uko kuli Florida Grand Opera, ndipo ni malo ghaciŵiri ghakuru comene ku United States pamanyuma pa Lincoln Center mu msumba wa New York. Ku malo agha, ŵanthu ŵakuchitako maseŵero ghanandi gha opera, ballet, makonsati, na maseŵero ghanyake ghakufuma mu vyaru vinandi. Malo ghanyake ghakusanguluskira mu Miami ni Olympia Theater, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, Fair Expo Center, Tower Theater, na Bayfront Park Amphitheater. Chiphikiro chinyake chakuzirwa ni Chiphikiro cha Mafilimu ku Miami, icho chikuchitika chaka chilichose kwa mazuŵa 10 mu sabata yakwamba ya Malichi. Mu Miami muli mafilimu ghakujumpha 6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami International Film Festival |url=https://miamifilmfestival.com/ |access-date=June 20, 2019 |website=Miami Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tommasini |first=Anthony |date=February 4, 2007 |title=Carnival Center for the Performing Arts – Miami – Music |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/arts/music/04tomm.html |access-date=May 29, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Mu msumba wa Miami muli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakwimba, ŵakwimba, ŵakwimba, na ŵakwimba. Mu tawuni iyi muli mawupu ghanandi gha vyakwimba, ma symphony, na ma conservatory. Pa malo agha pali Florida Grand Opera, FIU School of Music, Frost School of Music, na New World School of the Arts. Miami ni msumba ukuru wa mafashoni, uko kuli ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kujitozga na mawupu ghanyake ghakutozga. Mu msumba uwu mukuchitika viphikiro vinandi vya mafashoni, kusazgapo chiphikiro cha Miami Fashion Week na Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami. Miami yizamuŵa na sinema yakwamba pa Sabata, Julayi 25, 2020.<ref name="miamiherald.com">{{Cite web |title=There's a new drive in movie theater on Biscayne Bay: Be sure to bring your boat |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/things-to-do/article244378772.html |access-date=February 26, 2021 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> ===Museums and visual arts=== [[File:Lowe.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Lowe Art Museum pa sukulu ya University of Miami]] Muziyamu yinyake ya ku Miami muli Frost Art Museum, Frost Museum of Science, HistoryMiami, Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami Children's Museum, Pérez Art Museum, Lowe Art Museum, na Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, National Historic Landmark iyo yili pa malo ghakujumpha 28 acre ku Coconut Grove. ===Cuisine=== Vyakurya vya ku Miami vikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵakukhala, ndipo vyakurya vya ku Caribbean na Latin America vikukhwaska chomene. Pakusazga vyakurya viŵiri ivi na vyakurya vya ku America, ŵanthu ŵa ku South Florida ŵakamba kuphika vyakurya vyakupambanapambana. Chiŵiya ichi chili palipose mu Miami na South Florida ndipo mungachisanga mu malo ghakurya nga ni Pollo Tropical. Ŵalendo ŵa ku Cuba awo ŵakaluta ku Miami mu ma 1960, ndiwo ŵakambiska cakurya ici. Ŵakiza na cakurya ca usiku, ca Cuban espresso, ca Bistec de palomilla, na ca croquetas. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kugwiliskira ntchito makuni agha ndipo ŵakughawona mu mawindo gha mashopu gha mu tawuni, chomenechomene kuwaro kwa mashopu na malo ghakurya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuban Sandwich, History of Cuban Sandwich, History of Cubano Sandwich |url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/CubanSandwich.htm |website=Whatscookingamerica.net |date=May 21, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Cuisine in Miami at Frommer's |url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/miami/0017024034.html |access-date=October 8, 2012 |website=Frommers.com}}</ref> Vinyake mwa malo agha, nga ni malo ghakurya gha Versailles mu Little Havana, ni malo ghakurya gha ku Miami. Mzinda wa Miami uli pa Nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo uli na mbiri yakale ya kuzenga nyanja. Kweniso mu msumba uwu ndimo muli malo ghakurughakuru gha vyakurya nga ni Burger King na Benihana. === Chiyowoyero === {{Main|Miami accent}} Mu chigaŵa cha Miami muli chiyowoyero chinyake chapadera icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya. Chiyowoyero ichi chikamba kumanyikwa pakati pa ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Spain awo ŵali kubabika mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000 na 2000, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Cuba awo ŵakayowoyanga Chingelezi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: Why Locals Embrace That Heavy "L" Or Not |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-why-locals-embrace-heavy-l-or-not?nopop=1 |access-date=September 1, 2013 |publisher=WLRN ([[WLRN-TV]] and [[WLRN-FM]])}}</ref> Chiyowoyero ichi chikukolerana na chiyowoyero cha ku America, kweni chili na vinyake ivyo vikusintha. Mwakupambana na viyowoyero vya ku Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern American, Northeast American, na Florida Cracker, "Miami accent" ni rhotic; kweniso yili na sumu na umo yikuyowoyekera. Ichi ni chiyowoyelo cha Chingelezi, ndipo ni chiyowoyelo cha ŵanthu awo ŵakusambira Chingelezi yayi; ntchakukwaniska kupambaniska chiyowoyelo ichi na chiyowoyelo cha ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero chachiŵiri chifukwa chakuti "Miami accent" yikuŵa na vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana: palije chiyowoyelo cha /ɛ/ panthazi pa chiyowoyelo cha /s/, ŵanthu ŵakuteta yayi /dʒ/ na /j/, (nga ni Yale na jail), ndipo /r/ na /rr/ vikuyowoyeka nga ni alveolar approximant [ɹ] m'malo mwa alveolar tap [ɾ] panji alveolar trill [r] mu Cisipanishi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |access-date=September 1, 2013 |publisher=WLRN ([[WLRN-TV]] & [[WLRN-FM]])}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haggin |first=Patience |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: Why Locals Embrace That Heavy "L" Or Not |url=https://y-dc.info/2020/09/17/miami-accents-why-locals-embrace-heavy-l-or-not/ |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Watts |first=Gabriella |date=August 26, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Haggin |first=Patience |date=September 16, 2013 |title=English in the 305 has its own distinct Miami sound |work=[[Miami Herald]] |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/09/07/3609984/english-in-the-305-has-its-own.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203181803/http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/09/07/3609984/english-in-the-305-has-its-own.html |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> == Maseŵera == {{Main|Sports in Miami}} {{See also|Florida Panthers|Inter Miami CF|Miami Dolphins|Miami Heat|Miami Hurricanes|Miami Marlins}} [[File:200127-H-PX819-0092.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Hard Rock Stadium]] is the home field for the [[Miami Dolphins]] of the [[National Football League]], the [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami Hurricanes football team]] of the [[University of Miami]], and [[College Football Playoff]]'s [[Orange Bowl]] game held annually each January.]] [[File:Marlins First Pitch at Marlins Park, April 4, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[LoanDepot Park]], home of the [[Miami Marlins]] of [[Major League Baseball]]]] Magulu gha maseŵero ghanayi gha Miami ni Inter Miami CF ya Major League Soccer (MLS), Miami Dolphins ya National Football League (NFL), Miami Heat ya National Basketball Association (NBA), Miami Marlins ya Major League Baseball (MLB), na Florida Panthers ya National Hockey League (NHL). Miami Open, chiphalizgano cha tenesi chaka chilichose, chikachitikanga ku Key Biscayne pambere chindasamukire ku Hard Rock Stadium pamanyuma pakuti chiphalizgano ichi chikagulika na mwenecho wa Miami Dolphins Stephen Ross mu 2019. Mu tawuni iyi muli malo ghanandi ghakusungirako ŵanthu, malo ghakusoperapo, na malo ghakusoperapo gofu. Kale mu misewu ya msumba uwu mukaŵanga masitima gha magalimoto, chomenechomene Grand Prix of Miami, Grand Prix of Miami, na Grand Prix of Formula One.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2021 |title=Miami Grand Prix to join F1 calendar in 2022, with exciting new circuit planned |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.miami-grand-prix-to-join-f1-calendar-in-2022.44Dqc0CfhQzb7bb7MIjkqX.html |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref> Ku Homestead-Miami Speedway Oval ndiko kukuchitikira maseŵero gha NASCAR. The Heat na Marlins ŵakuseŵera mu msumba wa Miami, ku Miami-Dade Arena mu Downtown na LoanDepot Park mu Little Havana, mwakulondezgana. Marlins Park yikazengeka pa malo agho pakaŵa sitediyamu yakale ya Miami Orange Bowl. Miami Dolphins yikuseŵera pa Hard Rock Stadium mu chigaŵa cha Miami Gardens, apo Florida Panthers yikuseŵera kufupi na Sunrise pa FLA Live Arena. Inter Miami CF yikuseŵera pa DRV PNK Stadium ku Fort Lauderdale, kwa nyengo yitali mpaka apo chiŵanja cha maseŵero chikapangikenge ku Miami. Miami FC ndi timu ina ya mpira yomwe imasewera mu USL Championship yachiwiri ya mpira wa US Professional. Mpingo uwu ukuchitiska maseŵero gha kwawo pa Riccardo Silva Stadium pa campus ya Florida International University (FIU) ku Miami. Orange Bowl, yimoza mwa maseŵero ghakuru gha mu NCAA College Football Playoff, yikuseŵereka pa Hard Rock Stadium nyengo yiliyose ya cihanya. Sitediyamu iyi yikachitiskaso maseŵero gha Super Bowl. Mu chigaŵa cha Miami, maseŵero agha ghakachitikapo maulendo 10. Ku Miami nako kuli magulu ghanandi gha maseŵero gha ku koleji. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni vya University of Miami Hurricanes, ivyo vili pa Hard Rock Stadium, na Florida International University Panthers, ivyo vili pa Ricardo Silva Stadium. Gulu la Hurricanes likuchita mpikisano mu Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), apo gulu la Panthers likuchita mpikisano mu Conference USA ya National Collegiate Athletic Association.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Miami Athletics – Official Athletics Website |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Miami Hurricanes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIU Athletics |url=https://fiusports.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=FIUsports.com}}</ref> Ku Miami nako kuli mahachi gha Paso Fino, ndipo pa malo agha pakachitikanga viphalizgano vya mahachi. Miami ndi umoza mwa misumba 11 ya ku US iyo yizamuchitiska FIFA World Cup ya 2026. Ivi ni vyalo vikuruvikuru vya maseŵero mu chigaŵa cha Miami: {|class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%;" |+ Miami major league professional sports teams |- !Club !Sport !Miami Area since !League !Venue !League Championships |- |[[Miami Dolphins]] |[[American football]] |1965 |[[National Football League]] |[[Hard Rock Stadium]] |1972 ([[Super Bowl VII|VII]]), 1973 ([[Super Bowl VIII|VIII]]) |- |[[Florida Panthers]] |[[Ice hockey]] |1993 |[[National Hockey League]] |[[FLA Live Arena]] |- |[[Miami Heat]] |Basketball |1988 |[[National Basketball Association]] |[[Miami-Dade Arena]] |2006,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robbins |first=Liz |date=June 21, 2006 |title=Heat Claims Its First Championship |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/21/sports/basketball/21nba.html |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> 2012,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Michael |date=June 22, 2012 |title=NBA Finals 2012: LeBron James, Miami Heat rout Oklahoma City Thunder to win championship |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/wizards/nba-finals-2012-lebron-james-miami-heat-rout-oklahoma-city-thunder-to-win-championship/2012/06/22/gJQAPLA7tV_story.html |access-date=October 23, 2022}}</ref> 2013<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kay |first=Alex |date=June 20, 2013 |title=Miami Heat Defeat San Antonio Spurs 95-88 to Win 2013 NBA Championship |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1679507-miami-heat-defeat-san-antonio-spurs-95-88-to-win-2013-nba-championship |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> |- |[[Miami Marlins]] |Baseball |1993 |[[Major League Baseball]] |[[LoanDepot Park]] |1997, 2003 |- |[[Inter Miami CF]] |Soccer |2018 |[[Major League Soccer]] |[[DRV PNK Stadium]] |} ==Malo ghachisangalalo na mu mphepete mwa nyanja== [[File:Bayfront Park - panoramio (5).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Bayfront Park]] on [[Biscayne Bay]], February 2017]] Msumba wa Miami uli na malo ghakupambanapambana agho ghakwendeskeka na National Park Service, Florida Division of Recreation and Parks, na City of Miami Department of Parks and Recreation. Nyengo ya ku Miami njakuthukira comene, ndipo yikovwira kuti munthu wacitenge vyakusanguluska vya kuwaro cilimika cose. Mu tawuni iyi muli malo ghanandi ghakuyezgera boti, milonga, mabayi, na nyanja ya Atlantic. Mu Biscayne Bay muli malibwe ghanandi agho ghakovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakondwenge na kusambira. Mu tawuni iyi muli malo ghakujumpha 80 ghakusungirako vyakurya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami parks |url=http://www.miamigov.com/cms/parks/15_16.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820083309/http://www.miamigov.com/cms/parks/15_16.asp |archive-date=August 20, 2008 |access-date=June 27, 2009 |publisher=Miamigov.com}}</ref> Malo ghakurughakuru na ghakumanyikwa chomene nga ni Bayfront Park na Museum Park (ghakuŵa mu msumba wa Downtown, uko kuli Miami-Dade Arena na Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Virginia Key, na Watson Island. Malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta ku malo ghakusangwa na vyakurya ghakaŵa Zoo Miami, Jungle Island, Miami Seaquarium, Monkey Jungle, Coral Castle, Charles Deering Estate, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, na Key Biscayne. Mu 2020 ParkScore ranking yake, The Trust for Public Land yikati malo gha paki mu msumba wa Miami ghakaŵa malo gha 64 pa malo gha mapaki ghawemi chomene mu misumba 100 ya ku US, kufuma pa malo gha 48 mu 2017. Msumba wa Miami ukawonekanga kuti uli na malo ghakukwana 2.6 acres, malo ghakukwana 6.5%, 87% ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu msumba uwu ŵakwenda maminiti 10 kufuma ku malo agha, ndipo munthu waliyose wakugwiliskira ntchito ndalama zakukwana $48.39 pa malo agha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Parkscore index: Access |url=https://parkserve.tpl.org/mapping/pdfs/Miami,%20FL.pdf |access-date=August 3, 2021 |publisher=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ParkScore 2018: Ranking Analysis |url=https://parkscore.tpl.org/rankings_advanced.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110112624/http://parkscore.tpl.org/rankings_advanced.php |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ParkScore Rankings 2017 |url=https://parkscore.tpl.org/historic/2017_ParkScoreRank.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065401/https://parkscore.tpl.org/historic/2017_ParkScoreRank.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Monkey Jungle homepage |url=https://www.monkeyjungle.com/ |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coral Castle Museum Info |url=https://coralcastle.com/museum-info/ |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Miami Seaquarium |url=https://www.miamiseaquarium.com/plan-a-visit/about-miami-seaquarium |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deering Estate history |url=https://deeringestate.org/history/ |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Zoo Miami |url=https://www.zoomiami.org/about-the-zoo |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jungle Island Homepage |url=https://www.jungleisland.com/ |access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref> == Dango na boma == [[File:Miami FL Pan Am Bldg city hall02.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Miami City Hall]], located at [[Dinner Key]] in [[Coconut Grove]], is home to Miami's primary administrative offices.]] {{Main|Government of the City of Miami}} {{See also|List of mayors of Miami}} {{Further|Youth Crime Watch of America}} Boma la msumba wa Miami likugwiliskira nchito ndondomeko ya meya na mwimiliri. Komiti ya tawuni iyi yili na ŵanthu ŵankhondi awo ŵakusankhika kufuma mu vigaŵa ivyo vili na munthu yumoza. Komiti ya msumba ni wupu wakulongozga uwo uli na mazaza ghakufumiska malango, na kuchita milimo yose iyo yili kulembekera msumba. Mulara wa msumba wakusankhika na ŵanthu wose ndipo wakusora mulongozgi wa msumba. Msumba wa Miami ukwendeskeka na meya Francis Suarez na makomiti 5 agho ghakulaŵilira vigaŵa vinkhondi vya msumba uwu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayor Francis Suarez – City of Miami |url=https://www.miamigov.com/My-Government/City-Officials/Mayor-Francis-Suarez |access-date=July 31, 2022 |website=miamigov.com}}</ref> Maungano gha komiti iyi ghakuchitikira ku Miami City Hall, ku 3500 Pan American Drive pa Dinner Key mu chigaŵa cha Coconut Grove. Mu Nyumba ya Wupu Wakulongozga ya United States, boma la Miami likwimira ŵa Republican Maria Elvira Salazar na Mario Diaz-Balart, pamoza na Democrat Frederica Wilson. ===City Commission=== {{See also|List of mayors of Miami}} # '''[[Francis Suarez]] – Mayor of the City of Miami''' * '''[[Alex Diaz de la Portilla]] – Miami Commissioner, District 1''' ::[[Allapattah]] and [[Grapeland Heights]] * '''Sabina Covo – Miami Commissioner, District 2''' ::[[Arts & Entertainment District]], [[Brickell]], [[Coconut Grove]], [[Coral Way]], [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]], [[Edgewater (Miami)|Edgewater]], [[Midtown Miami]], [[Park West (Miami)|Park West]] and the South part [[Upper Eastside]] * '''[[Joe Carollo]] – Miami Commissioner, District 3''' ::[[Coral Way]], [[Little Havana]] and [[The Roads]] * '''Manolo Reyes – Miami Commissioner, District 4''' ::[[Coral Way]], [[Flagami]] and [[West Flagler]] * '''Christine King – Miami Commissioner, District 5''' ::[[Buena Vista (Miami)|Buena Vista]], [[Miami Design District|Design District]], [[Liberty City (Miami)|Liberty City]], [[Little Haiti]], [[Little River (Miami)|Little River]], [[Lummus Park Historic District|Lummus Park]], [[Overtown (Miami)|Overtown]], [[Spring Garden (Miami)|Spring Garden]] and [[Wynwood]] and northern part of the [[Upper Eastside]] * '''Arthur Noriega – City Manager''' * '''Victoria Méndez – City Attorney''' * '''Todd B. Hannon – City Clerk''' ==Masambilo== {{See also|Miami-Dade Public Library System}} ===Colleges and universities=== [[File:Florida International University Parkview Housing.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Florida International University]], with its main campus in nearby [[University Park, Florida|University Park]], is the largest university in [[South Florida]] and the fourth largest university by enrollment in the U.S. It is also one of Florida's primary research universities.]] [[File:University of Miami Otto G. Richter Library.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Founded in 1925, the [[University of Miami]] in nearby [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]] is Florida's top ranked private institution of higher education.]] Chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade chili na ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakujumpha 200,000 awo ŵali kulembeska ku makoleji na maunivesite gha mu chigaŵa ichi. Mu 2010, makoleji na maunivesite ghanayi ghakurughakuru mu msumba uwu, Miami Dade College, Florida International University, University of Miami, na Barry University, ghakafumiska ŵana ŵa sukulu 28,000. Mu msumba wa Miami muli mawupu ghanandi agho ghakusambizga ŵanthu ntchito za mawoko kweniso ghanyake ghakovwira ŵanthu. Mwaciyelezgero, Per Scholas ni wupu uwo ukupeleka masambiro ghaulere ghakovwira kuti munthu waŵe na mwaŵi wa kufiska viyezgelero vya CompTIA A+ na Network+ kuti wasange nchito na kuzenga nchito.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=Elizabeth |date=November 10, 2010 |title=Helping Veterans Find Civilian Jobs |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11VETS.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Training Workers for Good Jobs |url=http://www.perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820024613/http://perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf |archive-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Building a Career Path Where There Was Just a Dead End |url=http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720181355/http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf |archive-date=July 20, 2008}}</ref> Masukulu gha ku koleji na mayunivesite mu Miami na vigaŵa vyapafupi: * [[Barry University]], [[Miami Shores, Florida|Miami Shores]] * [[Broward College]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] * [[Florida Atlantic University]], [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]] * [[Florida International University]], [[University Park, Florida|University Park]] * [[Florida Memorial University]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] * [[Keiser University]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] * [[Miami Dade College]], Miami * [[Miami International University of Art & Design]] * [[Nova Southeastern University]], [[Davie, Florida|Davie]] * Palm Beach Atlantic University, [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]] * [[Palm Beach State College]], [[Lake Worth Beach, Florida|Lake Worth Beach]] * [[St. Thomas University (Florida)|St. Thomas University]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] * [[Southeastern College]], [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]] * [[Talmudic University|Talmudic University of Florida]], [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]] * [[University of Fort Lauderdale]], [[Lauderhill, Florida|Lauderhill]] * [[University of Miami]], [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]] ===Primary and secondary schools=== {{Main|Miami-Dade County Public Schools}} [[File:Miami Senior High School July 2013.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Miami Senior High School]], founded in 1903, is Miami's first high school.]] Sukulu za boma ku Miami zikulongozgeka na Miami-Dade County Public Schools, iyo ni sukulu yikuru comene mu Florida ndiposo yacinayi mu United States. Mu Seputembala 2008, sukulu iyi yikaŵa na ŵana ŵa sukulu 385,655 kweniso masukulu na malo ghakujumpha 392. Chigaŵa ichi ndicho chili na masukulu ghakurughakuru chomene gha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka mu charu ichi, ndipo ŵana ŵa sukulu 60 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa Hispanic, 28 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa Black panji West Indian, 10 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa White (ŵambura kufuma ku Spain) ndipo 2 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mitundu yinyake. Ku Miami kuli masukulu ghapachanya ghapachanya gha mu charu ichi, nga ni Design and Architecture High School, masukulu ghapachanya chomene mu charu ichi, MAST Academy, Coral Reef High School, masukulu ghapachanya ghapachanya ghapachanya ghapachanya gha 20 mu U.S., Miami Palmetto High School, na New World School of the Arts.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=November 12, 2007 |title=Gold Medal Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2007/11/29/gold-medal-schools.html |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=April 18, 2008}}</ref> M-DCPS nayo njimoza mwa masukulu gha boma ghachoko waka mu United States agho ghakusambizga mu viyowoyero viŵiri. Mu msumba wa Miami muli masukulu ghanandi gha Katolika, Chiyuda, na ghanyake. Mu tawuni iyi muli masukulu gha Katolika. Hugh Catholic School, St. Sukulu ya Agatha Catholic, St. Sukulu ya Theresa, Immaculata-Lasalle High School, Monsignor Edward Pace High School, Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School, St. Sukulu ya Brendan High, pamoza na masukulu ghanyake ghanandi gha Katolika. Masukulu ghakusambizgira gha Katolika agho ghakulongozgeka na ŵaliska ŵa visopa ni Belen Jesuit Preparatory School na Christopher Columbus High School gha ŵanyamata na Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart na Our Lady of Lourdes Academy ya ŵasungwana. Masukulu ghapadera gha ku Miami agho ghakusopa yayi ni Ransom Everglades, Gulliver Preparatory School, na Miami Country Day School. Masukulu ghanyake mu cigaŵa ici ni Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School, Dade Christian School, Palmer Trinity School, Westminster Christian School, na Riviera Schools. ===Supplementary education=== Hoshuko wa ku Miami, ni sukulu ya ku Japan ya nyengo yichoko waka ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan na ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan. Pakwamba, malo agha ghakaŵa ku Virginia Key, ku Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Pasono sukulu iyi yikucita masambiro mu Westchester ndipo yili na maofesi mu Doral.<ref name="Miamihoshu">"{{Cite web |title=ホーム |url=http://www.miamihoshuko.org/ |access-date=April 30, 2014 |website=Miami Hoshuko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ortega|first=Cristina M.|date=February 16, 1997|title=Lessons to bridge cultural differences|pages=1, 18–19|work=[[Miami Herald]]|location=Miami, Florida}} – [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94336390/ Clipping of first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94336404/ of second and third pages] from [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> ==Wayilesi== {{main|Media in Miami}} {{see also|Film in Miami|List of newspapers in Florida|List of radio stations in Florida|List of television stations in Florida}} [[File:Miami Herald building.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The former headquarters of ''[[Miami Herald|The Miami Herald]]'' on [[Biscayne Bay]]]] Mu msumba wa Miami ndimo muli misika yikuru ya TV mu charu ichi, ndipo ndiyo yikuru chomene mu Florida. Mu msumba wa Miami muli manyuzipepara ghanandi ghakuru. El Nuevo Herald ni nyuzipepara yikuru comene ya Cisipanishi. Nyuzipepara ya Miami Herald na El Nuevo Herald ni nyuzipepara zikuru comene za ku Miami na South Florida. Manyuzipepara agha ghakafumako ku nyumba yawo ya ku Downtown Miami mu 2013. Maofesi gha nyuzipepara agha sono ghali mu nyumba iyo kale yikaŵa ya U.S. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Southern Command ŵali mu Doral.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2013 |title=It's Moving Day for Miami Herald Staff, Reporters |url=http://miami.cbslocal.com/2013/05/16/its-moving-day-for-miami-herald-staff-reporters/ |access-date=July 28, 2013 |publisher=CBSMiami}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Television Market Universe Estimates |url=http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317170600/http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |archive-date=March 17, 2011 |access-date=January 6, 2011 |publisher=nielsen}}</ref> Manyuzipepara ghanyake ghakuru ni Miami Today, ku Brickell, Miami New Times, ku Midtown, Miami SunPost, South Florida Business Journal, na The Miami Times. Kweniso nyuzipepara yinyake ya Cisipanishi yakucemeka Diario Las Americas yikupharazga mu msumba wa Miami. Manyuzipepara gha ŵana ŵa sukulu gha ku maunivesite gha ku malo agha ghakaŵa The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, na Barry University's The Buccaneer. Magazini ghanandi ghakusindikizgika mu chigaŵa chose cha Miami, kusazgapo Miami Monthly, tawuni yimoza pera ya kumwera kwa Florida, na Ocean Drive. Miami ni malo ghakusungirako ma TV ghakurughakuru gha pa caru cose, makampani ghakusungirako ma CD, makampani ghakupharazga, na maofesi gha kupanga, nga ni Telemundo, Univision, Univision Communications, Mega TV, Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV International na Sunbeam Television. Mu 2009, Univision yikapharazga kuti yikukhumba kuzenga studio yiphya ku Miami, yakucemeka Univision Studios. Pa nyengo yasono, ofesi yikuru ya Univision Studios yili ku Miami, ndipo yikupanga mapulogiramu ghose gha pa wayilesi ya Univision Communications. Miami ni msika ukuru comene wa mawayilesi wa nambara 12 na wa TV wa nambara 17 mu United States. Malo gha TV agho ghakupharazga mu chigaŵa cha Miami ni WAMI (UniMás O&O), WBFS (Independent), WSFL (The CW), WFOR (CBS O&O), WHFT (TBN), WLTV (Univision O&O), WPLG (ABC), WPXM (Ion), WSCV (Telemundo), WSVN (Fox), WTVJ (NBC O&O), WPBT (PBS), na WLRN (PBS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Radio Markets Ranked By Metro 12+ Population, Spring 2005 |url=http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#radio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/ |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=Northwestern University Media Management Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Univision Announces Launch of Univision Studios |date=December 7, 2009 |publisher=Business Wire |url=http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091207005550&newsLang=en |access-date=October 30, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 TV markets ranked by households |url=http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#tv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/ |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=Northwestern University Media Management Center}}</ref> ==Transportation== {{Main|Transportation in South Florida}} {{See also|Brightline|Tri-Rail}} Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakacitika ku America mu 2016, ŵanthu 72.3% awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Miami ŵakendanga paŵekha, 8.7% ŵakendanga paŵekha, 9% ŵakendanga pa galimoto, ndipo 3.7% ŵakendanga pasi. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 1.8% ndiwo ŵakendanga pa galimoto, njinga yamoto, na njinga. Pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Miami, 4.5% ŵakagwiranga nchito ku nyumba. Mu 2015, ŵanthu 19.9% mu msumba wa Miami ŵakaŵavya galimoto, ndipo mu 2016 ŵakakhalapo 18.6%. Pa caru cose, ciŵelengero ici cikaŵa 8.7 peresenti mu 2016. Ku Miami, mu 2016, nyumba yiliyose yikaŵa na magalimoto pafupifupi 1.24 pakuyaniska na nyumba yiliyose ya 1.8 pa charu chose.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |journal=Governing |access-date=May 18, 2018}}</ref> ===Expressways and roads=== [[File:Venetian Causeway South Beach.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|[[Venetian Causeway]] (left) and [[MacArthur Causeway]] (right) connect [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]].]] [[File:A306, Skyline at twilight, Miami, Florida, USA, 2010.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Florida State Road 886|State Road 886]], also known as Port Boulevard, connects [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] and [[PortMiami]] over [[Biscayne Bay]].]] Misewu ya Miami yikwenda mu mizere ya mizere ya Miami uko Flagler Street ndiyo yili kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi ndipo Miami Avenue ndiyo yili kumpoto na kumwera. Khonde la Flagler Street na Miami Avenue lili pakatikati pa Downtown panthazi pa Downtown Macy's (kale likuru la Burdine). Chigaŵa cha Miami chili na manambara mwakuti maadiresi ghose gha misewu kumpoto kwa Flagler Street na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Miami Avenue ghali na "NW". Pakuti malo ghake ghali ku Downtown, kufupi na mumphepete mwa nyanja, vigaŵa vya "NW" na "SW" ni vikuru comene kuluska vya "SE" na "NE". Misewu yinandi, comenecomene misewu yikuru, nayo yikucemeka mazina (nga ni Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), nangauli mwapadera, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira nchito mazina agha. Mu chigaŵa ichi, misewu ya kumpoto na kumwera yikuchemeka makhoti misewu yikuru yikwenda mtunda wa kilomita yimoza. Mu misewu ya kumpoto na kumwera muli mabwalo 16, ndipo misewu ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi yili na mabwalo 10. Misewu yikuru ya kumpoto na kumwera yikumalira pa "7" nga ni 17th, 27th, 37th/Douglas Aves., 57th/Red Rd., 67th/Ludlam, 87th/Galloway, na vinyake. (Chinthu chinyake chakuzirwa chomene ni 42nd Avenue, LeJeune Road, iyo yili pa malo gha hafu ya mtunda.) Misewu yikuru ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi kumwera kwa Downtown njakupambanapambana na 16, nangauli malo ghakwamba gha ndondomeko iyi ni SW 8th St, hafu ya mtunda kumwera kwa Flagler ("zeroth") Street. Ntheura misewu yikuru yili pa 8th St., 24th St. / Coral Way, 40th St. /Bird, 56th/Miller, 72nd/ Sunset, 88th/N. Kendall, 104th (pakwamba S. Kendall), 120th/Montgomery, 136th/Howard, 152nd/Coral Reef, 168th/Richmond, 184th/Eureka, 200th/Quail Roost, 216th/Hainlin Mill, 232nd/Silver Palm, 248th/Coconut Palm, etc., mu vyaka vya m'ma 300. Mu gridi iyi, maadiresi gha viŵelengero vyambura kwenelera ghali kumpoto panji kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo gha viŵelengero vyambura kwenelera ghali kumwera panji kumanjiliro gha dazi. Misewu na misewu yose mu chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade yikulondezga mizere ya Miami, kupaturako vichoko waka, chomenechomene mu Coral Gables, Hialeah, Coconut Grove na Miami Beach. Malo ghanyake ghakuchemeka The Roads, cifukwa misewu yake yikufumako ku mizere ya ku Miami, ndipo yili na makona 45. Chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade chili na misewu yinayi ya Interstate Highways (I-75, I-95, I-195, I-395) na misewu yinandi ya U.S. Misewu yikuruyikuru, kusazgapo misewu ya ku United States Msewu wa 1, U.S. Msewu wa 27, U.S. Msewu wa 41, na U.S. Msewu wa 441.<div style="float:right;" class="right"> {|class="wikitable" |- !colspan=3|Miami Causeways |- ! Name ! Termini ! Year built |- |[[Rickenbacker Causeway]] |[[Brickell]] and [[Key Biscayne, Florida|Key Biscayne]] |1947 |- |[[Venetian Causeway]] |[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]] |1912–1925 |- |[[MacArthur Causeway]] |[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]] |1920 |- |[[Julia Tuttle Causeway]] |[[Wynwood, Miami, Florida|Wynwood]]/[[Edgewater, Miami, Florida|Edgewater]] and [[Miami Beach]] |1959 |- |[[Florida State Road 934|79th Street Causeway]] |[[Upper Eastside, Miami, Florida|Upper East Side]] and [[North Beach (Miami Beach)|North Beach]] |1929 |- |[[Broad Causeway]] |[[North Miami, Florida|North Miami]] and [[Bal Harbour, Florida|Bal Harbour]] |1951 |} </div> Some of the major [[Florida State Roads]] (and their common names) serving Miami are:<!--these don't all serve Miami!--> * [[State Road 112 (Florida)|SR 112]] (Airport Expressway): [[Interstate 95 in Florida|Interstate 95]] to [[Miami International Airport|MIA]] * [[Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike]] (SR 821): [[Florida's Turnpike]] mainline (SR 91)/[[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] to [[U.S. Route 1 (Florida)|U.S. Route 1]]/[[Florida City, Florida|Florida City]] * [[State Road 826 (Florida)|SR 826]] (Palmetto Expressway): [[Golden Glades Interchange]] to U.S. Route 1/[[Pinecrest, Florida|Pinecrest]] * [[State Road 836 (Florida)|SR 836]] (Dolphin Expressway): Downtown to SW 137th Ave via [[Miami International Airport|MIA]] * [[State Road 874 (Florida)|SR 874]] (Don Shula Expressway): 826/Bird Road to Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike/[[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]] * [[State Road 878 (Florida)|SR 878]] (Snapper Creek Expressway): SR 874/[[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]] to U.S. Route 1/Pinecrest & [[South Miami, Florida|South Miami]] * [[State Road 924 (Florida)|SR 924]] (Gratigny Parkway) [[Miami Lakes, Florida|Miami Lakes]] to [[Opa-locka, Florida|Opa-locka]] Miami yili na misewu yikuru yinkhondi na umoza iyo yikwenda pa Biscayne Bay, ndipo yikukolerana na chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu, na virwa vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Msewu wa Rickenbacker Causeway ndiwo uli kumwera chomene ndipo ukukumana na Brickell na Virginia Key na Key Biscayne. Msewu wa Venetian Causeway na MacArthur Causeway ukukumana na msumba wa Downtown na South Beach. Msewu wakuchemeka Julia Tuttle Causeway, uwo ukukolerana na Midtown na Miami Beach. Msewu wa 79th Street Causeway ukuyaniska Upper East Side na North Beach. Msewu wa Broad Causeway, ndiwo ni ucoko comene pa misewu yinkhondi na yimoza ya ku Miami ndipo ukukumana na North Miami na Bay Harbor Islands na Bal Harbour. Mu 2007, boma la Miami ndilo likaŵa na ŵadokotala ŵankhaza comene mu United States. Kweniso msumba wa Miami ukucemeka kuti ni msumba wakofya comene ku ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pasi mu United States.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 2, 2004 |title=Dangerous Pedestrian Cities |work=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/02/national/main658846.shtml |access-date=September 2, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reaney |first=Patricia |date=May 15, 2007 |title=Miami drivers named the rudest |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSL1413867020070515 |access-date=September 2, 2007}}</ref> ===Public transportation=== {{See also|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)|Metromover|Miami-Dade Transit}} [[File:Miami Metrorail Hitachi train 20190117.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Miami's [[Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)|Metrorail]] is the city's [[rapid transit]] system and connects Miami with its outlying suburbs.]] [[File:Tri Rail 616 Opa-locka Station (8439701464).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Tri-Rail ni njanji ya ku Miami iyo yikwenda kumpoto na kumwera kufuma ku West Palm Beach mpaka ku Miami International Airport.]] Mtengatenga wa ŵanthu mu Miami ukwendeskeka na Miami-Dade Transit na SFRTA, ndipo yikusazgapo njanji za ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku malo ghanyake (Tri-Rail), njanji zinonono zakwendeskeka mwaluŵiro (Metrorail), njinga ya ŵanthu (Metromover), na mabasi (Metrobus). Mu msumba wa Miami muli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene awo ŵakwenda pa galimoto chifukwa ŵanthu pafupifupi 17% ŵakwenda pa galimoto zuŵa lililose. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwenda maminiti 90 pa sabata, ndipo 39% ŵa awo ŵakwenda pa galimoto ŵakwenda maora ghakujumpha ghaŵiri pa zuŵa. Pafupifupi munthu waliyose wakulindilira maminiti 18 pa malo ghakugwilira ntchito ya mendero. Mtunda wa ulendo umoza na magalimoto ghakurughakuru ni makilomita 12.46, ndipo ŵanthu 38% ŵakwenda mtunda wa makilomita 13.8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and usage statistics about public transit in Miami, US |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_USA_Miami_FL-742 |access-date=June 19, 2017 |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit}} [[File:CC BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref> Msewu wa Metro wa ku Miami uli na mizere yiŵiri na masiteshoni 23. Metrorail yikukolerana na vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni ya Hialeah, Medley, na mukati mwa tawuni ya Miami na vigaŵa vya The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami, na Kendall mu tawuni kwizira mu vigaŵa vya bizinesi vya Miami International Airport, Health District, na Downtown. Metromover, yeneiyo yikwenda pa malo ghapachanya, yikugwira nchito na masiteshoni 21 pa mizere yitatu yakupambanapambana mu msumba wa Downtown Miami, ndipo pali masiteshoni ghaŵiri pa nyumba yiliyose pakati pa Downtown na Brickell. Ntchito zakupharazga zinandi zikovwirika na msonkho wa msonkho uwo ukupelekeka mu chigaŵa chose cha Miami-Dade. Tri-Rail, njanji iyo yikwendeskeka na South Florida Regional Transportation Authority (SFRTA), yikwenda kufuma ku Miami International Airport kumpoto kuya ku West Palm Beach, ndipo yikumalira pa malo 18. Miami Intermodal Center ni malo ghakurughakuru ghakusungirako ŵanthu, ndipo ghakusungirako magalimoto gha Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, ma taxi, magalimoto ghakuchita renti, MIA Mover, magalimoto ghaŵene, njinga na ŵanthu ŵakwenda pasi. Chipatala cha Miami Intermodal Center chikamara kuzengeka mu 2010, ndipo chikovwira ŵanthu pafupifupi 150,000 awo ŵakwenda mu chigaŵa cha Miami. Chigawo choyamba cha MiamiCentral Station chinamalizidwa mu 2012, ndipo gawo la Tri-Rail la Phase II linamalizidwa mu 2015, koma kumanga gawo la Amtrak kukuchedwabe. Ŵapharazgi ŵaŵiri ŵaphya, Baylink na Miami Streetcar, ŵali kunozgekera. BayLink ndiyo yikeneranga kukolerana na South Beach, ndipo Miami Streetcar yikeneranga kukolerana na Midtown. Miami ni malo gha kumwera uko Amtrak wakumalira maulendo ghake gha ku Atlantic Coast, ndipo pali mizere yiŵiri, Silver Meteor na Silver Star. Siteshoni ya Amtrak ya Miami yili mu chigaŵa cha Hialeah kufupi na Siteshoni ya Tri-Rail/Metrorail pa NW 79 St na NW 38 Ave. Ntchito yakunozga siteshoni ya Miami Central Station yizamwendeska maofesi ghose gha Amtrak kufuma ku malo agho ghalipo sono kuya ku malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi. Malo agha ghakeneranga kuzengeka mu 2012, kweni ghakachedweskeka nyengo yitali.<ref name="MICjanuary">{{Cite web |last=Turnbell |first=Michael |date=October 15, 2014 |title=Tri-Rail station at Miami airport delayed until January |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-tri-rail-miami-airport-20141015-story.html |access-date=October 30, 2014 |website=Sun Sentinel}}</ref> ===Airports=== {{See also|Miami International Airport|Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport|Palm Beach International Airport}} [[File:Miami International Airport (KMIA-MIA) (8204606870).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Miami International Airport is the nation's 10th largest airport.]] Malo gha ndege gha ku Miami International Airport ndigho ni malo gha ndege gha ku Greater Miami Area. Chifukwa cha malo ghake ghakutowa, ndege iyi njimoza mwa ma eyapoti ghakurughakuru pa charu chose ndipo yikwenda na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 45 miliyoni pa chaka. Malo agha ndigho ni malo ghakurughakuru gha ndege za American Airlines. Miami International ni ciŵanja caŵiri cakudura comene ca ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege mu Florida, ndipo ni ciŵanja cacitatu cikuru comene ca ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege mu United States. Malo gha ndege gha Kennedy na Los Angeles. Malo ghakwendera ndege agha ghali na maulendo ghambura kuleka kuluta ku misumba yakujumpha 70 ku North na South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, na Middle East. Kweniso, ku Fort Lauderdale na ku Hollywood International Airport na ku Palm Beach International Airport nako kuli magalimoto ghanandi agho ghakwenda mu chigaŵa cha Miami. Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport mu Opa-locka na Miami Executive Airport mu chigaŵa icho chili kumwera kwa Miami, ndipo yikwendeska ndege mu chigaŵa cha Miami.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southwest Airlines Cities |url=http://www.southwest.com/travel_center/routemap.html |access-date=October 30, 2008 |website=Southwest Airlines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The official website of the Miami International Airport |url=https://www.miami-airport.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Miami International Airport]]}}</ref> ===Cycling and walking=== Boma la tawuni iyi, ilo mukaŵa meya wakale Manny Diaz, likakolerana na fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵakwendeska njinga mu Miami. Mu 2010, magazini ya Bicycling Magazine yikalemba kuti msumba wa Miami ndiwo uli pa nambara 44 pa misumba yose ya ku United States iyo yikutemwa kwenda pa njinga. Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2011, wakavumbura kuti msumba wa Miami ndiwo uli pa nambara 8 pa misumba yikuruyikuru 50 ya ku United States.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Walk Score}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 2010 |title=Miami becoming more bike friendly {{pipe}} South Florida Business Journal |publisher=Southflorida.bizjournals.com |url=http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2010/04/05/daily16.html |access-date=October 30, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cycling and walking |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/1460/story/1263994.html |access-date=October 7, 2009 |website=miamiherald.com |publisher=Miami Herald}}</ref> ===Public safety=== {{Main|Miami Fire-Rescue Department|Miami Police Department}} ==Ubale na vyaru vinyake== {{See also|List of sister cities in Florida}} ===Sister cities=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Agadir]], Morocco (since 1995) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agadir Maroc, Présentation de la ville d'agadir: Histoire, économie, géographie et cultures &#124; Agadirnet |url=http://www.agadirnet.com/agadir-maroc/presentation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229174012/http://www.agadirnet.com/agadir-maroc/presentation/ |archive-date=December 29, 2014}}</ref> *{{flagicon|MAR}} [[El Jadida]], Morocco (since 1995) *{{flagicon|COL}} [[Barranquilla]], Colombia (since 2015)<ref name="sister2">{{Cite web |title=Mayor Noguera signs a sisterhood agreement with Miami (Spanish) |url=https://www.elheraldo.co/barranquilla/alcaldesa-noguera-firma-convenio-de-hermandad-con-miami-197628 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |publisher=El Heraldo}}</ref> *{{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogotá]], Colombia (since 1971)<ref name=sister>{{Cite web |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526222509/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=May 26, 2007 |access-date=July 13, 2007 |publisher=City of Miami}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina (since 1979)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kagoshima]], Japan (since 1990)<ref name=sister/><ref name="Kagoshima twinnings">{{Cite web |script-title=ja:姉妹・友好・兄弟都市 |trans-title=Sister cities |url=http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/_1010/shimin/7siseijouhou/7-8kouryu/7-8-1simaitosi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195754/http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/_1010/shimin/7siseijouhou/7-8kouryu/7-8-1simaitosi.html |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |access-date=August 8, 2013 |publisher=Kagoshima International Affairs Division |language=ja}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ROC}} [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan (since 1987) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan Headlines |url=http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=79204&CtNode=47 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061428/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=79204&CtNode=47 |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> *{{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], Peru (since 1977)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madrid]], Spain (since 2014)<ref name=sister/><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 23, 2014 |title=Madrid and Miami sign up as twin towns |publisher=latino foxnews |url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/06/23/madrid-and-miami-sign-up-as-twin-towns/ |url-status=dead |access-date=July 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213930/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/06/23/madrid-and-miami-sign-up-as-twin-towns/ |archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Murcia]], Spain (since 1993) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Murcia, Spain, Wants to Boost Ties with Sister City Miami.(Originated from the Miami Herald) &#124; Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-5545315.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181025/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-5545315.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]], France (since 1986) <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 7, 1986 |title=Clipped from the Miami Herald |page=63 |work=The Miami Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84994351/the-miami-herald/}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Palermo]], Italy (since 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sister Cities:Miami Florida, Palermo Italy |url=http://sister-cities.org/sites/default/files/Miami,%20FL-Palermo,%20Italy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143701/http://sister-cities.org/sites/default/files/Miami%2C%20FL-Palermo%2C%20Italy.pdf |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2015}}</ref> *{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Qingdao]], China (since 2005)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador da Bahia]], Brazil (since 2006)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|SLV}} [[San Salvador]], El Salvador (since 1991)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], Chile (since 1986)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Santo Domingo]], Dominican Republic (since 1987)<ref name=sister/> *{{flagicon|BRI}} [[Southampton]], United Kingdom (since 2019)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Southampton and Miami, Florida become sister cities at ceremonial signing event |publisher=Southampton City Council |url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm:63-412460 |access-date=June 14, 2019}}</ref> {{div col end}} ===Cooperation agreements=== *{{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns |url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |publisher=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities] |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship |url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |publisher=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=pt}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Yeruham]], Israel<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami-Yerucham Partnership |publisher=Greater Miami Jewish Federation |url=http://jewishmiami.org/about/departments/israel_overseas/miami-yerucham_partnership/?mobile=1 |access-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref> ==Notable people== {{main|List of people from Miami}} ==Vyakulemba== {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ==Vinandi== * Elizabeth M. Aranda, Sallie Hughes, and Elena Sabogal, ''Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami: Immigration and the Rise of a Global City.'' 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ReferenceTooltips[ResourceLoader|skins=vector,vector-2022,monobook,timeless,modern,cologneblue|type=general|dependencies=mediawiki.cookie,jquery.client]|ReferenceTooltips.js|ReferenceTooltips.css * formWizard[ResourceLoader|default|rights=minoredit|namespaces=4]|formWizard.js * formWizard-core[ResourceLoader|hidden|dependencies=mediawiki.api,mediawiki.cookie,mediawiki.ui,mediawiki.user,jquery.chosen,jquery.ui,user.options]|formWizard-core.js|formWizard.css * responsiveContentBase[ResourceLoader|type=styles|hidden|skins=vector]|responsiveContentBase.css * responsiveContentBaseTimeless[ResourceLoader|type=styles|hidden|skins=timeless]|responsiveContentBaseTimeless.css * Prosesize[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.api,mediawiki.util]|Prosesize.js|Prosesize.css * find-archived-section[ResourceLoader]|find-archived-section.js == watchlist == <!-- rights=viewmywatchlist limits these default gadgets to logged-in users. --> * 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XFDcloser[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.user|rights=extendedconfirmed|type=general]|XFDcloser.js * XFDcloser-core[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api,mediawiki.Title,oojs-ui-core,oojs-ui-widgets,oojs-ui-windows,oojs-ui.styles.icons-interactions,oojs-ui.styles.icons-content,oojs-ui.styles.icons-moderation,oojs-ui.styles.icons-alerts|hidden|type=general]|XFDcloser-core.js|XFDcloser-core.css * XFDcloser-core-beta[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api,mediawiki.Title,oojs-ui-core,oojs-ui-widgets,oojs-ui-windows,oojs-ui.styles.icons-interactions,oojs-ui.styles.icons-content,oojs-ui.styles.icons-moderation,oojs-ui.styles.icons-alerts|hidden|type=general]|XFDcloser-core-beta.js|XFDcloser-core-beta.css * libExtraUtil[ResourceLoader|hidden]|libExtraUtil.js == test == * mobile-sidebar[ResourceLoader|skins=vector,vector-2022]|mobile-sidebar.js|mobile-sidebar.css * addMe[ResourceLoader]|addMe.js|addMe.css * NewImageThumb[ResourceLoader|skins=vector,vector-2022]|NewImageThumb.js|NewImageThumb.css * StickyTableHeaders[ResourceLoader|type=general]|StickyTableHeaders.js|StickyTableHeaders.css * MobileMaps[ResourceLoader|skins=minerva]|mobilemaps.js * ShowJavascriptErrors[ResourceLoader|type=general]|ShowJavascriptErrors.js * PageDescriptions[ResourceLoader|type=general|dependencies=mediawiki.api|skins=vector,vector-2022,monobook,modern]|Page_descriptions.js * autonum[ResourceLoader]|autonum.css|autonum.js * MakeMobileCollapsible[ResourceLoader|skins=minerva|rights=minoredit|default]|MakeMobileCollapsible.js == modules == * libLua [ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.api|hidden]|libLua.js * libSensitiveIPs [ResourceLoader|dependencies=ext.gadget.libLua|hidden]|libSensitiveIPs.js * dark-mode[ResourceLoader|supportsUrlLoad|skins=vector,vector-2022,monobook,modern,minerva,timeless]|dark-mode.css ihwqb3sywjzfa9le8v5qlcvpdlfax07 10 24201 121755 67656 2026-09-07T12:46:54Z EmausBot 1199 Fixing double redirect from [[Template:Pp-move]] to [[Template:Move-protected]] 121755 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Move-protected]] s3lcjrw9nos8xvumx55lazi1ddff0yq 10 31135 121753 81673 2026-09-07T12:46:34Z EmausBot 1199 Fixing double redirect from [[Template:Cat]] to [[Template:Category link]] 121753 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category link]] jg7b2i6sbh7htmk74go4fmbixz4a6w1 10 35482 121754 89989 2026-09-07T12:46:44Z EmausBot 1199 Fixing double redirect from [[Template:Dc2]] to [[Template:Deprecated code 2]] 121754 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Deprecated code 2]] 0l5r41seumd0twdolmcestkji40cmbo 0 47086 121750 113414 2026-09-07T12:07:29Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les_salons_au_XVIIIe_siècle_-_Histoire_Image.jpg|thumb|''Mu Saluni ya Madame Geoffrin mu 1755'' . Kuŵazga kwa soka la Voltaire, ''Mwana wambura ŵapapi wa ku China,'' mu saluni ya Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, na Anicet Charles Gabriel Lemonnier, c. 1812 [a].]] '''Nyengo ya benuka maso''' (iyo yikuchemekaso '''Nyengo ya Kughanaghana''' na '''Nyengo ya Kuŵala''') yikaŵa gulu la ŵamahara na ŵavinjeru [[Europe|ŵa ku Europe]] ilo likakura comene mu vilimika vya m’ma 1700.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Age of Enlightenment: A History From Beginning to End: Chapter 3 |url=http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123359/http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php |archive-date=3 March 2017 |access-date=3 April 2017 |website=publishinghau5.com}}</ref> Kumanyikwa na kuŵika mtima pa maghanoghano, ukaboni wa kuwonekerathu, na nthowa ya usanthuro, nyengo ya Kuŵala yikakhozgera maghanoghano gha wanangwa wa munthu waliyose, kulekelera visopa, kuluta panthazi, na wanangwa wa chilengiwa. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaghanaghaniranga pa nkhani iyi ŵakakhozgeranga kuti boma liŵe na malango gha boma, kuti tchalitchi na boma vipatukane, ndiposo kuti ŵanthu ŵagwiriskirenge ntchito fundo za zeru pa kusinthika kwa ukhaliro wa ŵanthu na ndyali. ==Ukaboni== on0z428749bgrwj4odiys49wa87jzs4 3 47402 121756 120847 2026-09-07T18:45:11Z MediaWiki message delivery 2648 /* Tech News: 2026-37 */ new section 121756 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{VvM Talk 1}} {{Archives}} == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Of course. I will create some articles on the home page which have red links soon. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:11, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], as much as I want to do this, I do want to create some articles which are not linked on the Jani likulu, because it is drawing my ADHD brain away from editing the tumwiki and having less enjoyment here. Thanks. I will often create articles linked on Jani likulu anyway though. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:33, 28 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya == Hello Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to chiTumbuka na Swahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya|Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=tum&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to chiTumbuka] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Swahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:53, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Borhan@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> p4pxymc3fxibzpdytgysyx4jnb1bbol 121808 121756 2026-09-07T21:02:53Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 /* congrats! */ new section 121808 wikitext text/x-wiki <center><big>⚠️ Do you want articles translated? Go to [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi/TranslateCentral|TranslateCentral]] and follow the formats given. ⚠️</big></center> {{VvM Talk 1}} {{Archives}} == RED LINKS ON MAIN PAGE == @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] I think instead of creating random articles as we do, we should be following red links on main page. Readers and visitors are likely to click on links on main page article links to see what that article is, than searching for the articles we create randomly. Our home interface is having lots of red links. Yewo chomene. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 10:38, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Of course. I will create some articles on the home page which have red links soon. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:11, 27 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]], as much as I want to do this, I do want to create some articles which are not linked on the Jani likulu, because it is drawing my ADHD brain away from editing the tumwiki and having less enjoyment here. Thanks. I will often create articles linked on Jani likulu anyway though. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 12:33, 28 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya == Hello Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to chiTumbuka na Swahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya|Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=tum&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to chiTumbuka] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Swahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:53, 31 Ogasiti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Borhan@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == congrats! == Hi @[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], You currently appear as Mulembi wa Mwezi on the Tumwiki Main Page. 🎉 This is an automatic system, not a manually selected award. The gadget checks editors' contributions during the previous 30 days and identifies the registered editor with the highest number of qualifying article edits. The current criteria are: * registered editors only; * edits in the main/article namespace; * contributions from the previous 30 days; * bot edits are excluded; * anonymous/IP edits are excluded; * obvious undo/rollback edits are excluded where they can be identified. The result is calculated automatically, so whoever meets the criteria at the time is displayed on the Main Page. Your name appeared first under the current calculation. Congratulations, and yewo chomene for your contributions to Tumwiki! 🎉 [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 21:02, 7 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) 5azmsigixiyi7sesf74snmy4cal0n7e 10 48727 121815 119942 2026-09-07T21:19:19Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 letha 121815 sanitized-css text/css /** Ivi start **/ div.hp-portal td { transition:2s; } div.hp-portal a:hover { color:white !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(1):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #996633 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(2):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #999933 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(3):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #669933 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(4):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #339933 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(5):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #339999 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(6):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #336699 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(7):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #333399 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(8):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #993399 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(9):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #993366 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(10):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #993333 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(11):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #336666 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(12):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #00897b !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(13):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #1565c0 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(14):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #6a1b9a !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(15):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #ad1457 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(16):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #c62828 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(17):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #ef6c00 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(18):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #558b2f !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(19):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #5e35b1 !important; } div.hp-portal td:nth-of-type(20):hover { box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #00838f !important; } /** Mwapokeleleka rainbow-style hover **/ div.hp-header .hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow { display:inline-block; color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none; padding:2px 4px; transition:0.7s; } div.hp-header .hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow a { color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none; } div.hp-header td.hp-dd .hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow { color:#36c !important; } div.hp-header td.hp-dd .hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow:hover { color:#339933 !important; text-shadow:0 0 2px #339933,0 0 4px #e68a00,0 0 6px #993399,0 0 8px #cc3333; } /** Wikipediya hover **/ div.hp-header .hp-wikipediya-link { display:inline-block; color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none; padding:2px 4px; transition:2s; } div.hp-header .hp-wikipediya-link:hover { color:#fff !important; background-color:#e68a00 !important; box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #e68a00 !important; } /** Chitumbuka hover **/ div.hp-header .hp-chitumbuka-link { display:inline-block; color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none; padding:2px 6px; transition:2s; } div.hp-header .hp-chitumbuka-link:hover { color:#fff !important; background-color:#339933 !important; box-shadow:inset 11em 0 0 0 #339933 !important; } div.hp-header .hp-chitumbuka-link a { color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none; } div.hp-header .hp-chitumbuka-link:hover a { color:#fff !important; } /** Mobile/Desktop buttons **/ div.hp-header .hp-view-buttons { text-align:center; margin-bottom:6px; font-size:85%; } div.hp-header .hp-view-buttons a { display:inline-block; padding:4px 10px; border:1px solid #c8ccd1; border-radius:4px; background:#f8f9fa; color:#36c !important; text-decoration:none !important; transition:0.3s; } div.hp-header .hp-view-buttons a:hover { color:#fff !important; background:#339933 !important; border-color:#339933; box-shadow:inset 10em 0 0 0 #339933; } div.hp-header .hp-view-separator { margin:0 4px; color:#72777d; } /***** people grid mobile fix *****/ @media screen and (max-width:899px) { .hp-people-grid > div { width:100% !important; box-sizing:border-box !important; } } /***** most outer div *****/ div.hp { background-color:#ffffff; color:#333333; } .wikipedia-w { font-feature-settings:'ss05'; } div.hp table { margin:0; border-collapse:separate; } div.hp p { margin:0.5em 0; } /***** header, portals, footer *****/ div.hp-header, div.hp-portal, div.hp-footer { margin:0; background-color:#ffffff; } div.hp-header { padding:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); background-image:url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Wikipedia_logo_letters_banner.svg); border:1px solid #aaa; } div.hp-header > table, div.hp-portal > table { width:100%; margin:0; } div.hp-header td { vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; padding:12px 7px; } div.hp-header td.hp-dd { width:65%; font-family:'Linux Libertine G','Linux Libertine','Linux Libertine O','Libertinus Serif',Georgia,serif; font-size:1.3em; line-height:150%; } div.hp-header .hp-dd-1 { font-variant:small-caps; font-size:185%; } div.hp-header td.hp-dd a { color:#333333; } div.hp-header td.hp-statistike { border-left:1px solid #cccccc; } div.hp-header .hp-statistike-1 { display:inline-block; text-align:left; } div.hp-portal { padding:0; box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); } div.hp-portal table { text-align:center; font-size:0.9em; border-spacing:1px; } div.hp-portal td { padding:0; border-width:5px 0 0 0; border-style:solid; } div.hp-portal a { display:block; padding:3px 0.25em; color:#000000; transition:2s; } div.hp-footer { text-align:center; font-size:0.95em; } /***** blocks of segments *****/ table.hp-block { width:100%; border-spacing:2px; } table.hp-block > tbody > tr > td { vertical-align:top; padding:0; } @media screen and (min-width:900px) { table.hp-block > tbody > tr { display:flex; align-items:flex-start; } table.hp-block > tbody > tr > td { flex:1 1 0; width:auto; align-self:flex-start; } } table.hp-block h2.hp-segment-title { background-color:#ffffff; margin:0; padding:10px 10px 10px 25px; white-space:nowrap; border-bottom:1px solid #555555; font-family:unset; font-size:2em; font-variant:small-caps; line-height:unset; } @media screen and (max-width:999px) { table.hp-block h2.hp-segment-title { padding-left:15px; font-size:1.8em; } } table.hp-block h2.hp-segment-title a { color:#555555; } table.hp-block div.hp-segment-content { padding:10px; border-top:2px solid #ffffff; } #segment-Zusterprojecten div.hp-segment-content { text-align:center; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens *****/ @media screen and (max-width:899px) { .hp-responsive-table, .hp-responsive-table > tbody, .hp-responsive-table > tbody > tr, .hp-responsive-table > tbody > tr > td { display:block; width:100% !important; height:auto; box-sizing:border-box; } div.hp-header td.hp-statistike { padding-top:0; border-left:0 none; } div.hp-portal table tr { display:flex !important; flex-wrap:wrap; } div.hp-portal table td { width:auto !important; margin:0 1px 1px 0; flex:auto; } table.hp-block > tbody > tr { display:flex !important; flex-direction:column; } #segment-Over_Wikipedia { background-color:transparent !important; order:-1; } #segment-Over_Wikipedia h2.hp-segment-title { display:none; } #segment-Over_Wikipedia div.hp-segment-content { background-color:transparent !important; padding:0; font-size:0.95em; } table.hp-block tr.hp-3colsegment-content > td { border-top:2px solid #ffffff; } } oo0jhhcen3vyvgva45nkgv2oocgo378 10 48728 121795 120304 2026-09-07T20:36:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121795 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ⚠️ SERIOUS WARNING — DO NOT EDIT THIS TEMPLATE WITHOUT PRIOR DISCUSSION. 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If you are unsure, leave this template unchanged and ask an experienced administrator first. - - - --> <templatestyles src="Template:Chiphapha cha panthazi/styles.css" /> <div style="box-shadow:0 0 0.3rem #999;"> <div class= style="padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:25px;padding-left:25px;"> <div class="hp-header"> {| class="hp-responsive-table" | class="hp-dd" | <div class="hp-dd-2" style="text-shadow:1px 1px #f5f5f5;">[[Wikipedia:Mwapokeleleka|<span class="hp-mwapokeleleka-rainbow">Mwapokeleleka</span>]] pa [[Wikipediya|<span class="hp-wikipediya-link">Wikipediya</span>]] ya</div><div class="hp-statistika-1"><div style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;text-shadow:2px 2px #f5f5f5;text-transform:none !important;">[[ChiTumbuka|<span class="hp-chitumbuka-link">ChiTumbuka</span>]]</div> <div>Pasono tina vyakulemba vyakukwana [[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#36c;">'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''</span>]] mu [[ChiTumbuka|<span style="color:#36c;">ChiTumbuka</span>]].</div> <div 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style="color:#36c;">H</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/I|<span style="color:#36c;">I</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/J|<span style="color:#36c;">J</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/K|<span style="color:#36c;">K</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/L|<span style="color:#36c;">L</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/M|<span style="color:#36c;">M</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/N|<span style="color:#36c;">N</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/O|<span style="color:#36c;">O</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/P|<span style="color:#36c;">P</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Q|<span style="color:#36c;">Q</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/R|<span style="color:#36c;">R</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/S|<span style="color:#36c;">S</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/T|<span style="color:#36c;">T</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/U|<span style="color:#36c;">U</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/V|<span style="color:#36c;">V</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/W|<span style="color:#36c;">W</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/X|<span style="color:#36c;">X</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Y|<span style="color:#36c;">Y</span>]] [[Special:AllPages/Z|<span style="color:#36c;">Z</span>]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px;background:#f0f0f0;padding:6px;border-radius:6px;text-align:center;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:5px;">Pangani nkhani yiphya</div> <inputbox> type=create width=35 break=no buttonlabel=Pangani nkhani yasono </inputbox> </div> | class="hp-statistika" | <div class="hp-statistika-1"> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hp-view-buttons"> [https://tum.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile <span>Mobile View</span>] <span class="hp-view-separator">|</span> [https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jani_likulu&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop <span>Desktop View</span>] </div> [[File:Tumbuka Wikipedia cultural logo.svg|150px|link=]] </div> |} </div> <div class="hp-portal"> {| class="hp-responsive-table" | style="background-color:#F9F4F0;border-color:#996633;width:10em;" | [[Malaŵi|<span 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style="color:#36c;">Mzalangwe</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Mzuzu|<span style="color:#36c;">Mzuzu</span>]] | style="background-color:#F9F0F0;border-color:#993333;width:10em;" | [[Ekwendeni|<span style="color:#36c;">Ekwendeni</span>]] |} </div> {{MulembiWaMwezi}} </div> </div> isb5b0lrqlqj2wgt8dh7n708v7t883p 4 49036 121757 121682 2026-09-07T18:56:01Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala-Disembala |title = [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka|Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka]] |listclass = hlist |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1 = [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]] |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/2|2]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/3|3]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/4|4]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Pa siku la mwahuno mu 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[[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Novembala/30|30]] |group4 = [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala|Disembala]] |list4 = * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu 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ŵanthu/Disembala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/30|30]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/31|31]] }} 30z1iznozxhlf3w3hfj8i4hes4pa9nq 1 49526 121751 2026-09-07T12:07:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 4 49527 121758 2026-09-07T18:56:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Santos-Dumont piloting 14bis.jpg|thumb|150px|Alberto Santos-Dumont mu ndege ya 14-bis]] * Mu 1191, [[Third Crusade|Nkhondo Yachitatu ya Chipulika]]: pa [[Battle of Arsuf|Nkhondo ya Arsuf]], [[Richard I of England|Richard I wa England]] wakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa [[Saladin]] ku Arsuf. * Mu 1812, pa [[Battle of Borodino|Nkhondo ya Borodino]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] ŵakamenyana na ŵasilikari ŵa Russia kufupi na Moscow mu nkhondo yikuru c..." 121758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Santos-Dumont piloting 14bis.jpg|thumb|150px|Alberto Santos-Dumont mu ndege ya 14-bis]] * Mu 1191, [[Third Crusade|Nkhondo Yachitatu ya Chipulika]]: pa [[Battle of Arsuf|Nkhondo ya Arsuf]], [[Richard I of England|Richard I wa England]] wakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa [[Saladin]] ku Arsuf. * Mu 1812, pa [[Battle of Borodino|Nkhondo ya Borodino]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] ŵakamenyana na ŵasilikari ŵa Russia kufupi na Moscow mu nkhondo yikuru chomene ya [[Napoleonic Wars|Nkhondo za Napoleon]]. * Mu 1822, [[Pedro I of Brazil|Dom Pedro I]] wakapharazga [[Independence of Brazil|kujiyimira kwa Brazil]] kufuma ku Portugal pa mphepete mwa [[Ipiranga River|mtsinje wa Ipiranga]] ku São Paulo. * Mu 1901, [[Boxer Protocol|Phangano la Boxer]] likasainika, ndipo [[Boxer Rebellion|Kuwukira kwa Boxer]] ku China kukamara mwalamulo. * Mu 1906, [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]] wakawuluka ndege yake ya [[14-bis]] ku Bagatelle, France, pakuwuluka kwake kwakuyamba. (pachithuzi) <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 60wsrdatk1402i34gyeepa3istuwxn3 4 49528 121759 2026-09-07T18:57:04Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Siege of Leningrad by mos.ru 01.jpg|thumb|150px|Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Leningrad mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose]] * Mu 70, ŵasilikari ŵa [[Roman Empire|Ufumu wa Roma]] ŵakatora na kupoka [[Jerusalem|Yerusalemu]] pamanyuma pa kugonjetsa chigaŵa cha mzinda mu [[First Jewish–Roman War|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Ŵayuda na Ŵaroma]]. * Mu 1760, ŵa[[France|France]] ŵakapereka [[Montreal]] ku ŵa[[Great Britain|Britain]], ndipo ichi chikamalizga kugonjetsed..." 121759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Siege of Leningrad by mos.ru 01.jpg|thumb|150px|Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Leningrad mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose]] * Mu 70, ŵasilikari ŵa [[Roman Empire|Ufumu wa Roma]] ŵakatora na kupoka [[Jerusalem|Yerusalemu]] pamanyuma pa kugonjetsa chigaŵa cha mzinda mu [[First Jewish–Roman War|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Ŵayuda na Ŵaroma]]. * Mu 1760, ŵa[[France|France]] ŵakapereka [[Montreal]] ku ŵa[[Great Britain|Britain]], ndipo ichi chikamalizga kugonjetsedwa kwa [[New France]] pa [[French and Indian War|Nkhondo ya France na ŴaIndia]]. * Mu 1888, [[Isaac Peral]] wakayezga mwakuyamba [[Isaac Peral's submarine|ngalawa yake ya pasi pa maji]]. * Mu 1900, [[Galveston hurricane|Chivula chikuru cha ku Galveston]] chikawombera ku Texas, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 8,000 ŵakafwa. * Mu 1941, ŵasilikari ŵa Germany ŵakamba [[Siege of Leningrad|kuzingilizga Leningrad]] pa nyengo ya [[World War II|Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose]]. (pachithuzi) <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9ky16htx3bsri1ghi48cv1ptvypmyd6 4 49529 121760 2026-09-07T18:57:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:First Computer Bug, 1947.jpg|thumb|150px|Mboza uyo wakasangika mu kompyuta ya Harvard Mark II]] * Mu 1776, [[Continental Congress|Nyumba Yikuru ya Ŵalongozgi ŵa United States]] yikamba kugwiliskira ntchito zina lakuti [[United States]] pa chigaŵa cha vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa chipani ichi. * Mu 1839, [[John Herschel]] wakatora [[photography|chithuzi]] chakwamba pa galasi. * Mu 1850, [[California]] yikazomerezgeka kuŵa chigaŵa cha 31 cha United States|Unite..." 121760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:First Computer Bug, 1947.jpg|thumb|150px|Mboza uyo wakasangika mu kompyuta ya Harvard Mark II]] * Mu 1776, [[Continental Congress|Nyumba Yikuru ya Ŵalongozgi ŵa United States]] yikamba kugwiliskira ntchito zina lakuti [[United States]] pa chigaŵa cha vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa chipani ichi. * Mu 1839, [[John Herschel]] wakatora [[photography|chithuzi]] chakwamba pa galasi. * Mu 1850, [[California]] yikazomerezgeka kuŵa chigaŵa cha 31 cha [[United States|United States of America]]. * Mu 1940, [[George Stibitz]] wakachita chiyelezgero chakwamba cha kuwusa kompyuta kutali kwizira pa foni. * Mu 1947, mboza yikasangika mu [[Harvard Mark II]] ndipo ikaŵikika pa pepala la ntchito ya kompyuta; ichi chikamba kumanyikwa nga ni chimoza mwa viŵeŵe vyakumanyikwa chomene vya [[computer bug|“computer bug”]]. (pachithuzi) <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> n57zra322eo42ao31wmo71bdjrelpjf 4 49530 121761 2026-09-07T18:58:18Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Abebe Bikila triumphant 1960.jpg|thumb|150px|Abebe Bikila wakukondwa pamanyuma pa kupokera golide ku Roma]] * Mu 1813, ŵasilikari ŵa [[United States|United States of America]] ŵakathereska ŵa [[United Kingdom|Britain]] pa [[Battle of Lake Erie|Nkhondo ya Nyanja ya Erie]] mu [[War of 1812|Nkhondo ya 1812]]. * Mu 1846, [[Elias Howe]] wakapokera chilolezo cha kupanga [[sewing machine|makina ghakusona]]. * Mu 1919, Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye|Phangano la Sai..." 121761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abebe Bikila triumphant 1960.jpg|thumb|150px|Abebe Bikila wakukondwa pamanyuma pa kupokera golide ku Roma]] * Mu 1813, ŵasilikari ŵa [[United States|United States of America]] ŵakathereska ŵa [[United Kingdom|Britain]] pa [[Battle of Lake Erie|Nkhondo ya Nyanja ya Erie]] mu [[War of 1812|Nkhondo ya 1812]]. * Mu 1846, [[Elias Howe]] wakapokera chilolezo cha kupanga [[sewing machine|makina ghakusona]]. * Mu 1919, [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye|Phangano la Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] likasainika pakati pa Austria na vyaru vinyake vya ŵakugonjera pambere [[World War I|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu Chose]] yindamare. * Mu 1942, ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakatera pa Madagascar kuti ŵambeso nkhondo ya [[Madagascar Campaign|ku Madagascar]]. * Mu 1960, [[Abebe Bikila]] wa Ethiopia wakaŵa munthu wakwamba kufuma kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa kupokera mendulo ya golide pa [[Summer Olympics|Maseŵera gha Olimpiki]], pakutonda marathon ku Roma wakuchimbira kwambura nsapato. (pachithuzi) <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 80ej9oij2aqvpzoufcvb7baxjl4x1m7 4 49531 121762 2026-09-07T19:03:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Firefighters work to put out the flames moments after a hijacked jetliner crashed into the Pentagon at approximately 0930 on September 11, 2001 010911-M-CI426-051.jpg|thumb|150px|Ŵakuzimya moto pa Pentagon pa 11 Sekutembala 2001]] * Mu [[1297]], [[Battle of Stirling Bridge|Nkhondo ya ku Stirling Bridge]] yikachitika mu [[Scotland]], ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa England. * Mu [[1609]], wofufuza malo wa ku Net..." 121762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Firefighters work to put out the flames moments after a hijacked jetliner crashed into the Pentagon at approximately 0930 on September 11, 2001 010911-M-CI426-051.jpg|thumb|150px|Ŵakuzimya moto pa Pentagon pa 11 Sekutembala 2001]] * Mu [[1297]], [[Battle of Stirling Bridge|Nkhondo ya ku Stirling Bridge]] yikachitika mu [[Scotland]], ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa England. * Mu [[1609]], wofufuza malo wa ku Netherlands [[Henry Hudson]] wakafika pa mlonga uwo sono ukuchemeka [[Hudson River]] apo wakasendelanga ku North America. * Mu [[1777]], [[Battle of Brandywine|Nkhondo ya Brandywine]] yikachitika mu [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira kwa America]]. * Mu [[1985]], [[Moimenta-Alcafache train crash|ngozi ya sitima ya Moimenta-Alcafache]] yikachitika ku Portugal ndipo yikaŵa ngozi yikuru chomene ya sitima mu charu ichi. * Mu [[2001]], [[September 11 attacks|ziwawa za pa 11 Sekutembala]] zikachitika ku [[United States]], apo ndege zinayi zakubiwa zikagwiriskika ntchito pa kuwukira malo gha ku New York, Pentagon na Pennsylvania. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> kv9w7cp0297ocbwuwkkx6l995b7cmnr 4 49532 121763 2026-09-07T19:03:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Luna 2 (49852502171).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha Luna 2 pa Commons]] * Mu [[1943]], [[Otto Skorzeny]] na ŵasilikari ŵa Germany ŵakafumiska [[Benito Mussolini]] ku [[Gran Sasso]] ku Italy mu ntchito yakumupoka uko ŵakaŵikika ŵalinda. * Mu [[1953]], [[John F. Kennedy]] wakatora [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] ku St. Mary's Church ku [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. * Mu [[1958]], [[Jack Kilby]] wakalongora chipangizo chakwamba icho chikagwiranga n..." 121763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Luna 2 (49852502171).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha Luna 2 pa Commons]] * Mu [[1943]], [[Otto Skorzeny]] na ŵasilikari ŵa Germany ŵakafumiska [[Benito Mussolini]] ku [[Gran Sasso]] ku Italy mu ntchito yakumupoka uko ŵakaŵikika ŵalinda. * Mu [[1953]], [[John F. Kennedy]] wakatora [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] ku St. Mary's Church ku [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. * Mu [[1958]], [[Jack Kilby]] wakalongora chipangizo chakwamba icho chikagwiranga ntchito nga ni [[integrated circuit|integrated circuit]] apo wakagwiranga ntchito ku [[Texas Instruments]]. * Mu [[1959]], Soviet Union yikatuma [[Luna 2]] ku mwezi, ndipo chombo ichi chikaŵa chakwamba cha munthu kufika pa mwezi. * Mu [[1990]], [[Two Plus Four Treaty|Phangano la Two Plus Four]] likasainika, kupereka nthowa yakuti [[German reunification|Germany yikumaniskanike]]. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 1edjmion4fe4sbkotxdg91ror2hbb1w 121766 121763 2026-09-07T19:36:24Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Luna 2 (49852502171).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha Luna]] * Mu [[1943]], [[Otto Skorzeny]] na ŵasilikari ŵa Germany ŵakafumiska [[Benito Mussolini]] ku [[Gran Sasso]] ku Italy mu ntchito yakumupoka uko ŵakaŵikika ŵalinda. * Mu [[1953]], [[John F. Kennedy]] wakatora [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] ku St. Mary's Church ku [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. * Mu [[1958]], [[Jack Kilby]] wakalongora chipangizo chakwamba icho chikagwiranga ntchito nga ni [[integrated circuit|integrated circuit]] apo wakagwiranga ntchito ku [[Texas Instruments]]. * Mu [[1959]], Soviet Union yikatuma [[Luna 2]] ku mwezi, ndipo chombo ichi chikaŵa chakwamba cha munthu kufika pa mwezi. * Mu [[1990]], [[Two Plus Four Treaty|Phangano la Two Plus Four]] likasainika, kupereka nthowa yakuti [[German reunification|Germany yikumaniskanike]]. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> e1fudou6ana591gku9vker1blb4h2sb 4 49533 121764 2026-09-07T19:03:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Phineas Gage.jpg|thumb|150px|Phineas Gage na chitsulo icho chikapinda mu mutu wake]] * Mu [[533]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Byzantine Empire|Ufumu wa Byzantine]] ŵakathereska ŵa [[Vandals|Vandals]] pa [[Battle of Ad Decimum|Nkhondo ya Ad Decimum]] pafupi na [[Carthage]]. * Mu [[1759]], [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham|Nkhondo ya ku Plains of Abraham]] yikachitika ku [[Quebec City]], ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakathereska ŵa France. * Mu [[1848]], [[Phineas Gage]..." 121764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Phineas Gage.jpg|thumb|150px|Phineas Gage na chitsulo icho chikapinda mu mutu wake]] * Mu [[533]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Byzantine Empire|Ufumu wa Byzantine]] ŵakathereska ŵa [[Vandals|Vandals]] pa [[Battle of Ad Decimum|Nkhondo ya Ad Decimum]] pafupi na [[Carthage]]. * Mu [[1759]], [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham|Nkhondo ya ku Plains of Abraham]] yikachitika ku [[Quebec City]], ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakathereska ŵa France. * Mu [[1848]], [[Phineas Gage]] wakapwetekeka chomene apo chitsulo chitali chikapinda mu mutu wake pa ntchito ya kuzenga njanji. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1906]], ndege ya [[Santos-Dumont 14-bis]] yikachita kuwuluka kachoko mu Europe, ndipo yikaŵa chimanyikwiro chakuzirwa pa mbiri ya ndege. * Mu [[1993]], [[Oslo Accords]] zikasainika pakati pa [[Israel]] na [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]] ku Washington, D.C. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 8fgnnqanegooagtkbw0pbnw8u4utfnq 4 49534 121765 2026-09-07T19:03:29Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Fort McHenry flag.jpg|thumb|150px|Mbendera iyo yikawuluka pa Fort McHenry mu 1814]] * Mu [[81]], [[Domitian]] wakazgoka [[Roman Emperor|muwusi wa Ufumu wa Roma]] pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya mubali wake [[Titus]]. * Mu [[1752]], vigaŵa vya [[British Empire|Ufumu wa Britain]] vikasintha kufuma ku [[Julian calendar|Kalenda ya Julian]] kuya ku [[Gregorian calendar|Kalenda ya Gregorian]], ndipo pa 14 Sekutembala ndiyo yikamba ntchito yaphya pamanyuma pa kulumphiska mazuŵa..." 121765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fort McHenry flag.jpg|thumb|150px|Mbendera iyo yikawuluka pa Fort McHenry mu 1814]] * Mu [[81]], [[Domitian]] wakazgoka [[Roman Emperor|muwusi wa Ufumu wa Roma]] pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya mubali wake [[Titus]]. * Mu [[1752]], vigaŵa vya [[British Empire|Ufumu wa Britain]] vikasintha kufuma ku [[Julian calendar|Kalenda ya Julian]] kuya ku [[Gregorian calendar|Kalenda ya Gregorian]], ndipo pa 14 Sekutembala ndiyo yikamba ntchito yaphya pamanyuma pa kulumphiska mazuŵa. * Mu [[1814]], [[Francis Scott Key]] wakalemba mazgu gha [[The Star-Spangled Banner|The Star-Spangled Banner]] pamanyuma pakuwona mbendera ya ku [[Fort McHenry]] yikuwuluka pambere kwache kwacha. * Mu [[1901]], pulezidenti wa United States [[William McKinley]] wakafwa pamanyuma pakuwomberedwa, ndipo [[Theodore Roosevelt]] wakatora udindo wa pulezidenti. * Mu [[1960]], vyaru vitano vikapangiska [[OPEC]] ku [[Baghdad]], bungwe ilo likulongozga nkhani za mafuta pa charu chose. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> g7wyb2iz163xcl63sn2kqrkwpwblazr 4 49535 121767 2026-09-07T19:36:59Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:The Battle of Britain HU73449.jpg|thumb|150px|Ndege ya Germany iyo yikawomberedwa pa Battle of Britain pa 15 Sekutembala 1940]] * Mu [[1762]], [[Battle of Signal Hill|Nkhondo ya Signal Hill]] yikachitika pa [[Seven Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka Vinkhondi na Viwiri]] ku Newfoundland. * Mu [[1812]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Napoleon]] ŵakafika ku [[Moscow]] mu nyengo ya kuwukira kwa [[French invasion of Russia|Russia]]. * Mu [[1916]], [[tank]] zikagwiriskika ntchito kakwamb..." 121767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Battle of Britain HU73449.jpg|thumb|150px|Ndege ya Germany iyo yikawomberedwa pa Battle of Britain pa 15 Sekutembala 1940]] * Mu [[1762]], [[Battle of Signal Hill|Nkhondo ya Signal Hill]] yikachitika pa [[Seven Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka Vinkhondi na Viwiri]] ku Newfoundland. * Mu [[1812]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Napoleon]] ŵakafika ku [[Moscow]] mu nyengo ya kuwukira kwa [[French invasion of Russia|Russia]]. * Mu [[1916]], [[tank]] zikagwiriskika ntchito kakwamba pa nkhondo mu [[Battle of the Somme|Nkhondo ya Somme]] pa [[World War I|Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Charu Chose]]. * Mu [[1935]], [[Nuremberg Laws|Malango gha Nuremberg]] ghakaperekeka ku Germany ya Nazi, ghakukhazikiska ndondomeko zakusankhana Ŵayuda. * Mu [[2008]], [[Lehman Brothers]] yikapereka chidziŵitso cha [[bankruptcy|kubankirapuka]], kuyambiska nyengo yakusuzga chomene mu [[global financial crisis|suzgo la ndalama pa charu chose]]. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> s8tz1luw8xl5ixksik5gzw2h8w6o5nd 4 49536 121768 2026-09-07T19:37:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Wall Street bombing 1920 wreckage.jpg|thumb|150px|Malo agho ghakaparanyika pamanyuma pa Wall Street bombing mu 1920]] * Mu [[1620]], gulu la [[Pilgrims|Pilgrim]] likanyamuka ku [[Plymouth]] mu sitima ya [[Mayflower]] kuluta ku North America. * Mu [[1776]], [[Battle of Harlem Heights|Nkhondo ya Harlem Heights]] yikachitika mu [[New York City]] mu nyengo ya [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira kwa America]]. * Mu [[1908]], [[General Motors]] yikakhazik..." 121768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wall Street bombing 1920 wreckage.jpg|thumb|150px|Malo agho ghakaparanyika pamanyuma pa Wall Street bombing mu 1920]] * Mu [[1620]], gulu la [[Pilgrims|Pilgrim]] likanyamuka ku [[Plymouth]] mu sitima ya [[Mayflower]] kuluta ku North America. * Mu [[1776]], [[Battle of Harlem Heights|Nkhondo ya Harlem Heights]] yikachitika mu [[New York City]] mu nyengo ya [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira kwa America]]. * Mu [[1908]], [[General Motors]] yikakhazikiskika nga ni kampani ku [[United States]]. * Mu [[1920]], [[Wall Street bombing|bomba la pa Wall Street]] likaphulika pa [[Wall Street]] ku New York, likapha ŵanthu 38 na kupweteka ŵanyake pafupifupi 400. * Mu [[1975]], [[Papua New Guinea]] yikazgoka charu chakujiyimira payake kufuma ku [[Australia]]. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 3c68vqqbfpfcqupoeylukhw0uvv9lzb 4 49537 121769 2026-09-07T19:38:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin sign Camp David Accords-1978.jpg|thumb|150px|Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter na Menachem Begin pa kusainika kwa Mapangano gha Camp David mu 1978]] * Mu [[1787]], ŵimiliri ŵa [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Msonkhano wa Malamulo gha Boma la United States]] ŵakasaina [[United States Constitution|Malamulo gha Boma gha United States]] ku [[Philadelphia]]. * Mu [[1948]], [[Folke Bernadotte]], muyimiliri wa United Natio..." 121769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin sign Camp David Accords-1978.jpg|thumb|150px|Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter na Menachem Begin pa kusainika kwa Mapangano gha Camp David mu 1978]] * Mu [[1787]], ŵimiliri ŵa [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Msonkhano wa Malamulo gha Boma la United States]] ŵakasaina [[United States Constitution|Malamulo gha Boma gha United States]] ku [[Philadelphia]]. * Mu [[1948]], [[Folke Bernadotte]], muyimiliri wa [[United Nations]] ku [[Palestine]], wakapondwa ku [[Jerusalem]] na ŵanthu ŵa gulu la [[Lehi (militant group)|Lehi]]. * Mu [[1978]], [[Camp David Accords|Mapangano gha Camp David]] ghakasainika pakati pa [[Egypt]] na [[Israel]] pa chiyambi cha ndondomeko ya mtende ya ku Middle East. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1991]], [[North Korea]] na [[South Korea]] zikazomerezgeka kuŵa mamembala gha [[United Nations]] pa zuŵa limoza. 71q85cggnkux1bs7vk4obtztp4a3z5v 4 49538 121770 2026-09-07T19:38:33Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:The New-York Daily Times first issue.jpg|thumb|150px|Pepala lakwamba la The New-York Daily Times mu 1851]] * Mu [[96]], [[Domitian]] wakapondwa, ndipo [[Nerva]] wakapharazgika kuŵa [[Roman emperor|mfumukazi ya Roma]]. * Mu [[1810]], [[Chile|Chile]] chikamba ndondomeko yakujiyimira payake kufuma ku [[Spanish Empire|Ufumu wa Spain]] pa [[Chilean War of Independence|Nkhondo ya kujiyimira ya Chile]]. * Mu [[1851]], [[The New York Times|The New-York Daily Times]], ilo..." 121770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The New-York Daily Times first issue.jpg|thumb|150px|Pepala lakwamba la The New-York Daily Times mu 1851]] * Mu [[96]], [[Domitian]] wakapondwa, ndipo [[Nerva]] wakapharazgika kuŵa [[Roman emperor|mfumukazi ya Roma]]. * Mu [[1810]], [[Chile|Chile]] chikamba ndondomeko yakujiyimira payake kufuma ku [[Spanish Empire|Ufumu wa Spain]] pa [[Chilean War of Independence|Nkhondo ya kujiyimira ya Chile]]. * Mu [[1851]], [[The New York Times|The New-York Daily Times]], ilo pamanyuma likazgoka The New York Times, likafuma na nyengo yake yakwamba ku [[New York City]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1927]], [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]] yikamba ntchito yake ya pawailesi ku [[United States]]. * Mu [[1970]], mwanthandwe wa nyimbo [[Jimi Hendrix]] wakafwa ku [[London]]. mkgiaom85c4q8wq4lafnabshj5hure4 4 49539 121771 2026-09-07T19:41:53Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Montgolfière.jpg|thumb|150px|Baluni ya Montgolfier ku Versailles mu 1783]] * Mu [[1356]], pa [[Battle of Poitiers|Nkhondo ya Poitiers]], ŵasilikari ŵa England ŵakathereska gulu la France mu [[Hundred Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100]]. * Mu [[1783]], ŵabale ŵa [[Montgolfier brothers|Montgolfier]] ŵakatumizga baluni yakwamba ya mphepo yakotcha iyo yikanyamura nyama zitatu—mberere, nkhuku na bakha—ku [[Versailles]], France. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1893]], Ne..." 121771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Montgolfière.jpg|thumb|150px|Baluni ya Montgolfier ku Versailles mu 1783]] * Mu [[1356]], pa [[Battle of Poitiers|Nkhondo ya Poitiers]], ŵasilikari ŵa England ŵakathereska gulu la France mu [[Hundred Years' War|Nkhondo ya Vyaka 100]]. * Mu [[1783]], ŵabale ŵa [[Montgolfier brothers|Montgolfier]] ŵakatumizga baluni yakwamba ya mphepo yakotcha iyo yikanyamura nyama zitatu—mberere, nkhuku na bakha—ku [[Versailles]], France. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1893]], [[New Zealand]] yikazgoka charu chakwamba cho chili na [[women's suffrage|mazaza gha kupota kwa ŵanakazi]] pa chisankho cha chalo chose. * Mu [[1985]], [[1985 Mexico City earthquake|chivomezi cha ku Mexico City]] chikachitika, ndipo chikaparanya nyumba zinandi na kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi. * Mu [[1991]], ŵasayansi ŵakasanga thupi la [[Ötzi|Ötzi the Iceman]] mu mapiri gha [[Alps]]. l42brvw58aewdjc0cq9rj0eekfdfar0 4 49540 121772 2026-09-07T19:42:02Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Valmy battle.jpg|thumb|150px|Nkhondo ya Valmy mu 1792]] * Mu [[1187]], [[Saladin]] wakamba [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|kuzingilizga Yerusalemu]] mu nyengo ya [[Crusades|Nkhondo za Chikhristu na Ŵasilamu]]. * Mu [[1519]], [[Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] wakafuma ku [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] na sitima zake kuti wayambe ulendo uwo pamanyuma ukazungulira charu chose. * Mu [[1792]], [[Battle of Valmy|Nkhondo ya Valmy]] yikachitika pakati pa gulu la French..." 121772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Valmy battle.jpg|thumb|150px|Nkhondo ya Valmy mu 1792]] * Mu [[1187]], [[Saladin]] wakamba [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|kuzingilizga Yerusalemu]] mu nyengo ya [[Crusades|Nkhondo za Chikhristu na Ŵasilamu]]. * Mu [[1519]], [[Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] wakafuma ku [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] na sitima zake kuti wayambe ulendo uwo pamanyuma ukazungulira charu chose. * Mu [[1792]], [[Battle of Valmy|Nkhondo ya Valmy]] yikachitika pakati pa gulu la [[French Revolutionary Army|Ŵasilikari ŵa French Revolution]] na ŵasilikari ŵa Prussia. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1946]], [[Cannes Film Festival|Chikondwerero cha Mafilimu cha Cannes]] chakwamba chikamba ku [[France]]. ijur290yyd0v0m1jnsk9u28eas3f7ut 4 49541 121773 2026-09-07T19:42:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:The tempter and the traitor - The treason of Arnold on the night of September 21, 1780 (NYPL b13512824-423167).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha kukumbuska chiwembu cha Benedict Arnold mu 1780]] * Mu [[1780]], [[Benedict Arnold]] wakachita chiwembu chakupereka [[Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery|West Point]] ku ŵa [[British Army|Britain]] mu [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya ku America ya kujiyimira payake]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1937]], buku la [[The Hobbit]] la..." 121773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The tempter and the traitor - The treason of Arnold on the night of September 21, 1780 (NYPL b13512824-423167).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha kukumbuska chiwembu cha Benedict Arnold mu 1780]] * Mu [[1780]], [[Benedict Arnold]] wakachita chiwembu chakupereka [[Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery|West Point]] ku ŵa [[British Army|Britain]] mu [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya ku America ya kujiyimira payake]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1937]], buku la [[The Hobbit]] la [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] likafumiskika kakwamba ku Britain. * Mu [[1964]], [[Malta]] yikajiyimira payake kufuma ku [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. * Mu [[1981]], [[Belize]] yikajiyimira payake kufuma ku Britain. * Mu [[1991]], ŵanthu ku [[Armenia]] ŵakazomera kujiyimira payake kufuma ku [[Soviet Union]] mu referendum. ijlp37xrn6o5svuozadl9qiknes0s6b 4 49542 121774 2026-09-07T19:42:56Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:National Geographic first issue cover.jpg|thumb|150px|Chikopi cha magazini yakwamba ya National Geographic]] * Mu [[1776]], [[Nathan Hale]] wakaphedwa na ŵasilikari ŵa Britain chifukwa cha kunanga nga ni kazembe wakazitola nkhani pa nyengo ya [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya ku America ya kujiyimira payake]]. * Mu [[1862]], [[Abraham Lincoln]] wakapharazga [[Emancipation Proclamation|Pharazgo la Kufwaturika Ŵazga]], ilo likaŵa nthowa yakuti ŵazga ŵa m..." 121774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:National Geographic first issue cover.jpg|thumb|150px|Chikopi cha magazini yakwamba ya National Geographic]] * Mu [[1776]], [[Nathan Hale]] wakaphedwa na ŵasilikari ŵa Britain chifukwa cha kunanga nga ni kazembe wakazitola nkhani pa nyengo ya [[American Revolutionary War|Nkhondo ya ku America ya kujiyimira payake]]. * Mu [[1862]], [[Abraham Lincoln]] wakapharazga [[Emancipation Proclamation|Pharazgo la Kufwaturika Ŵazga]], ilo likaŵa nthowa yakuti ŵazga ŵa mu vigaŵa ivyo vikawuka ŵafwatulike. * Mu [[1888]], magazini yakwamba ya [[National Geographic Magazine|National Geographic Magazine]] yikafuma ku [[Washington, D.C.]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1980]], [[Iran–Iraq War|Nkhondo ya Iran na Iraq]] yikamba apo Iraq yikalimbana na Iran. * Mu [[1991]], [[Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] yikazomerezgeka kuŵa membala wa [[United Nations]] pamanyuma pa nyengo ya nkhondo. rzwotlo50a7g7z0b3jfhnucgx3ihejx 4 49543 121775 2026-09-07T19:43:05Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Hubble's Neptune Anniversary Pictures (5930374797).jpg|thumb|150px|Nyanja ya Neptune nga umo yakuwonekera na Hubble]] * Mu [[1846]], [[Neptune|pulaneti ya Neptune]] yikasangika na [[Johann Gottfried Galle]] na [[Heinrich Louis d'Arrest]] ku [[Berlin]], Germany. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1932]], [[Ibn Saud]] wakapharazga kukolerana kwa vigaŵa vyake na kukhazikiska [[Saudi Arabia|Ufumu wa Saudi Arabia]]. * Mu [[1949]], [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] yikachita RDS-1|kuye..." 121775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hubble's Neptune Anniversary Pictures (5930374797).jpg|thumb|150px|Nyanja ya Neptune nga umo yakuwonekera na Hubble]] * Mu [[1846]], [[Neptune|pulaneti ya Neptune]] yikasangika na [[Johann Gottfried Galle]] na [[Heinrich Louis d'Arrest]] ku [[Berlin]], Germany. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1932]], [[Ibn Saud]] wakapharazga kukolerana kwa vigaŵa vyake na kukhazikiska [[Saudi Arabia|Ufumu wa Saudi Arabia]]. * Mu [[1949]], [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] yikachita [[RDS-1|kuyezga bomba lake lakwamba la atomiki]]. * Mu [[1955]], [[Juan Perón]] wakachoka mu [[Argentina]] pamanyuma pa kugalukira kwake na [[Revolución Libertadora|Revolución Libertadora]]. h1pfz1ix7qxcv1e7gmval5zkc73fm01 4 49544 121776 2026-09-07T19:44:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:OSIRIS-REx Sample Return - Flickr - NASA Goddard Photo and Video.jpg|thumb|150px|Chipangizo cha OSIRIS-REx chikati chafika pa charu chapasi mu 2023]] * Mu [[787]], [[Second Council of Nicaea|Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa ku Nicaea]] ukamba mu [[Nicaea]] mu Ufumu wa Byzantine. * Mu [[1568]], [[Battle of San Juan de Ulúa|Nkhondo ya San Juan de Ulúa]] yikachitika apo ŵasilikari ŵa Spain ŵakathereska gulu la England kufupi na [[Veracruz]]. * Mu [[2008]], [[Thabo Mbeki]]..." 121776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OSIRIS-REx Sample Return - Flickr - NASA Goddard Photo and Video.jpg|thumb|150px|Chipangizo cha OSIRIS-REx chikati chafika pa charu chapasi mu 2023]] * Mu [[787]], [[Second Council of Nicaea|Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa ku Nicaea]] ukamba mu [[Nicaea]] mu Ufumu wa Byzantine. * Mu [[1568]], [[Battle of San Juan de Ulúa|Nkhondo ya San Juan de Ulúa]] yikachitika apo ŵasilikari ŵa Spain ŵakathereska gulu la England kufupi na [[Veracruz]]. * Mu [[2008]], [[Thabo Mbeki]] wakaleka udindo wa [[President of South Africa|Pulezidenti wa South Africa]]. * Mu [[2014]], [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] yikafika mu [[Mars orbit|mphepete mwa Mars]], ndipo India yikazgoka charu chakwamba cha ku Asia kufika ku Mars mu ulendo wake wakwamba. * Mu [[2023]], [[OSIRIS-REx]] capsule yikafika pa charu chapasi ku Utah na visampuli ivyo vikafuma pa [[101955 Bennu|asteroid Bennu]]. (pachithuzi) m1nf04tjv4x31l6pp29090ojxc0zzhj 121777 121776 2026-09-07T19:44:28Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OSIRIS-REx Sample Return - Flickr - NASA Goddard Photo and Video.jpg|thumb|150px|Chipangizo cha OSIRIS-REx chikati chafika pa charu chapasi mu 2023]] * Mu [[787]], [[Second Council of Nicaea|Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa ku Nicaea]] ukamba mu [[Nicaea]] mu Ufumu wa Byzantine. * Mu [[1568]], [[Battle of San Juan de Ulúa|Nkhondo ya San Juan de Ulúa]] yikachitika apo ŵasilikari ŵa Spain ŵakathereska gulu la England kufupi na [[Veracruz]]. * Mu [[2008]], [[Thabo Mbeki]] wakaleka udindo wa [[President of South Africa|Pulezidenti wa South Africa]]. * Mu [[2014]], [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] yikafika mu [[Mars orbit|mphepete mwa Mars]], ndipo India yikazgoka charu chakwamba cha ku Asia kufika ku Mars mu ulendo wake wakwamba. * Mu [[2023]], [[OSIRIS-REx]] capsule yikafika pa charu chapasi ku Utah na visampuli ivyo vikafuma pa [[101955 Bennu|asteroid Bennu]]. (pachithuzi) <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> i6xko6ej98lim3elo15whgvmwsvad1k 4 49545 121778 2026-09-07T19:45:11Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Arbo - Battle of Stamford Bridge (1870).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha Nkhondo ya Stamford Bridge chakajambulika mu 1870]] * Mu [[1066]], [[Battle of Stamford Bridge|Nkhondo ya Stamford Bridge]] yikachitika apo [[Harold Godwinson|Harold II wa England]] wakathereska [[Harald Hardrada]] wa Norway na [[Tostig Godwinson]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1513]], muyendeski wa ku Spain [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]] wakafika ku nyanja iyo yikazakamanyikwa kuti Pacific Ocean|Nyanja ya..." 121778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Arbo - Battle of Stamford Bridge (1870).jpg|thumb|150px|Chithuzi cha Nkhondo ya Stamford Bridge chakajambulika mu 1870]] * Mu [[1066]], [[Battle of Stamford Bridge|Nkhondo ya Stamford Bridge]] yikachitika apo [[Harold Godwinson|Harold II wa England]] wakathereska [[Harald Hardrada]] wa Norway na [[Tostig Godwinson]]. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1513]], muyendeski wa ku Spain [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]] wakafika ku nyanja iyo yikazakamanyikwa kuti [[Pacific Ocean|Nyanja ya Pacific]]. * Mu [[1789]], [[United States Congress|Msonkhano wa United States]] ukapasisa malango 12 ghakusintha [[United States Constitution|Malamulo gha Boma]], ndipo 10 mwa agho pamanyuma ghakazgoka [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]]. * Mu [[1911]], sitima ya nkhondo ya France [[French battleship Liberté|Liberté]] yikaphulika mu doko la [[Toulon]], France. * Mu [[1957]], ŵasilikari ŵa United States ŵakatumika ku [[Little Rock Central High School]] kuti ŵavikilire ŵana ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana awo ŵakamba kusambira pamoza. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 4j7tgv2e1067wkdvqk0xmf3jcqn0aba 4 49546 121779 2026-09-07T19:45:38Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Albert Einstein ETH-Bib Portr 05937.jpg|thumb|150px|Albert Einstein mu 1905]] * Mu [[1905]], [[Albert Einstein]] wakafumiska pepa lakukhwaskana na [[special relativity|chiphunzitso cha kujichintha kwa nyengo na malo]] mu nkhani yake ya “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1914]], [[Federal Trade Commission|Federal Trade Commission]] ya United States yikakhazikiskika mwalamulo. * Mu [[1960]], Nixon–Kennedy debates|mkangano wakwamba..." 121779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Albert Einstein ETH-Bib Portr 05937.jpg|thumb|150px|Albert Einstein mu 1905]] * Mu [[1905]], [[Albert Einstein]] wakafumiska pepa lakukhwaskana na [[special relativity|chiphunzitso cha kujichintha kwa nyengo na malo]] mu nkhani yake ya “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”. (pachithuzi) * Mu [[1914]], [[Federal Trade Commission|Federal Trade Commission]] ya United States yikakhazikiskika mwalamulo. * Mu [[1960]], [[Nixon–Kennedy debates|mkangano wakwamba wa pulezidenti uwo ukawoneskeka pa TV]] pakati pa [[John F. Kennedy]] na [[Richard Nixon]] ukachitika ku Chicago. * Mu [[1983]], [[Stanislav Petrov]] wakamanya kuti chenjezgo la Soviet Union lakuti United States yikamba kuwukira na mizinga ya nyukiliya likaŵa lakubudika. * Mu [[1983]], [[William II of England|William II]] wakukumbukika mu mbiri ya England chifukwa cha ufumu wake uwo ukamba mu 1087.<noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> d6wwhu838jw0998lim3m9ky0e664oly 4 49547 121785 2026-09-07T20:09:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Signing ceremony for the Axis Powers Tripartite Pact.jpg|thumb|150px|Kusayina kwa Tripartite Pact mu 1940]] * Mu [[1540|1540]], [[Pope Paul III|Papa Paul III]] wakapasa chilolezo ku [[Society of Jesus|Chigwiliskano cha Yesu]] kwizira mu buli [[Regimini militantis Ecclesiae]], ndipo gulu la Ŵajesuit likazomerezgeka mwalamulo. * Mu [[1822|1822]], musambazi wa viyowoyero wa ku France [[Jean-François Champollion]] wakapharazga kuti wasombora vinthu vikuru vya Egyp..." 121785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Signing ceremony for the Axis Powers Tripartite Pact.jpg|thumb|150px|Kusayina kwa Tripartite Pact mu 1940]] * Mu [[1540|1540]], [[Pope Paul III|Papa Paul III]] wakapasa chilolezo ku [[Society of Jesus|Chigwiliskano cha Yesu]] kwizira mu buli [[Regimini militantis Ecclesiae]], ndipo gulu la Ŵajesuit likazomerezgeka mwalamulo. * Mu [[1822|1822]], musambazi wa viyowoyero wa ku France [[Jean-François Champollion]] wakapharazga kuti wasombora vinthu vikuru vya [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|malemba gha ku Egypt]], ndipo ntchito yake yikawovwira kuŵerenga [[Rosetta Stone|Libwe la Rosetta]]. * Mu [[1908|1908]], [[Ford Motor Company]] yikapanga [[Ford Model T|Ford Model T]] yakwamba pa Piquette Avenue Plant ku Detroit, United States. * Mu [[1940|1940]], [[Germany|Germany]], [[Italy|Italy]] na [[Japan|Japan]] zikasayina [[Tripartite Pact|Phangano la Mitundu Yitatu]] ku Berlin, ilo likakakilira vyaru ivi pamoza pa nyengo ya [[World War II|Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose]]. (pachithuzi) [[Tripartite Pact|Vinandi...]] <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 15p8czq29vuskscy2dl329ny3ardc47 4 49548 121786 2026-09-07T20:09:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Falcon 1 Flight 4 launch.jpg|thumb|150px|Falcon 1 yikunyamuka mu 2008]] * Mu [[1924|1924]], gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku United States likamalizga ulendo wakwamba wa ndege wakuzingilira [[Earth|Charu]] chose, ulendo uwo ukamala pafupifupi myezi yitatu na hafu. * Mu [[1928|1928]], musayansi wa ku Scotland [[Alexander Fleming]] wakawona kuti nkhungu iyo yikamera pa chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya yikukoma mabakiteriya, chinthu icho chikaŵa chimoza mwa vinthu vyakwambili..." 121786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Falcon 1 Flight 4 launch.jpg|thumb|150px|Falcon 1 yikunyamuka mu 2008]] * Mu [[1924|1924]], gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku United States likamalizga ulendo wakwamba wa ndege wakuzingilira [[Earth|Charu]] chose, ulendo uwo ukamala pafupifupi myezi yitatu na hafu. * Mu [[1928|1928]], musayansi wa ku Scotland [[Alexander Fleming]] wakawona kuti nkhungu iyo yikamera pa chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya yikukoma mabakiteriya, chinthu icho chikaŵa chimoza mwa vinthu vyakwambilira pa kuŵikapo [[penicillin|penicillin]]. * Mu [[1939|1939]], ŵasilikari ŵa [[Poland|Poland]] ku [[Warsaw]] ŵakapereka mzinda pamanyuma pa [[Siege of Warsaw (1939)|kuzingilizgika kwa Warsaw]], ndipo pa zuŵa lenelili [[Germany|Germany]] na [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] zikakolerana pa kupatura chigaŵa cha Poland. * Mu [[2008|2008]], [[Falcon 1]] ya [[SpaceX]] yikafika ku [[orbit]] pa kuyesa kwake kwachinayi, na kuŵa ulendo wakwamba wakupambika wa roketi iyi kufika ku mlengalenga wakuzingilizga Charu. (pachithuzi) [[Falcon 1|Vinandi...]] <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 853qns23xyd7p6sdfks299ukicz8aza 4 49549 121787 2026-09-07T20:09:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Discovery STS-26.jpg|thumb|150px|Space Shuttle Discovery pa ulendo wa STS-26 mu 1988]] * Mu [[1954|1954]], [[CERN]] yikamba kuŵapo mwalamulo pamanyuma pakuti [[France|France]] na [[Germany|Germany]] zikalongola kuzomerezga Convention yakukhazikiska gulu ili pa 29 Seputembala. * Mu [[1962|1962]], [[Canada|Canada]] yikatumizga [[Alouette 1]], satellite yake yakwamba yakupangika na kupanga ku Canada, kufuma ku Vandenberg Air Force Base ku United States. * Mu 1988|..." 121787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Discovery STS-26.jpg|thumb|150px|Space Shuttle Discovery pa ulendo wa STS-26 mu 1988]] * Mu [[1954|1954]], [[CERN]] yikamba kuŵapo mwalamulo pamanyuma pakuti [[France|France]] na [[Germany|Germany]] zikalongola kuzomerezga Convention yakukhazikiska gulu ili pa 29 Seputembala. * Mu [[1962|1962]], [[Canada|Canada]] yikatumizga [[Alouette 1]], satellite yake yakwamba yakupangika na kupanga ku Canada, kufuma ku Vandenberg Air Force Base ku United States. * Mu [[1988|1988]], [[Space Shuttle Discovery]] yikanyamuka na ntchito [[STS-26]], ulendo wakwamba wa [[Space Shuttle]] kufuma panyuma pa ngozi ya [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Challenger]] mu 1986. (pachithuzi) [[STS-26|Vinandi...]] * Mu [[2004|2004]], ndege ya mlengalenga [[SpaceShipOne]] yikakwera kufika pafupi na makilomita 102 kuchanya, pa ulendo wake wachiŵiri uwo ukaŵa umoza mwa maulendo agho ghakawovwira kuti yipambane [[Ansari X Prize]]. <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 6lkqbt1l3c5ni7rpap3dxet46zvlxg5 4 49550 121788 2026-09-07T20:10:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "[[File:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|150px|Seretse Khama wakulumbirira kuŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Botswana mu 1966]] * Mu [[1935|1935]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] wakajulira mwalamulo [[Hoover Dam|Dam la Hoover]] pa mphaka ya [[Arizona]] na [[Nevada]] mu United States. * Mu [[1949|1949]], [[Berlin Airlift|Ulendo wa Ndege ku Berlin]] ukamara pamanyuma pa myezi 15 yakupereka vyakurya, mafuta na vinthu vinyake ku [[West Berlin]] pa nyengo ya Berlin..." 121788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|150px|Seretse Khama wakulumbirira kuŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Botswana mu 1966]] * Mu [[1935|1935]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] wakajulira mwalamulo [[Hoover Dam|Dam la Hoover]] pa mphaka ya [[Arizona]] na [[Nevada]] mu United States. * Mu [[1949|1949]], [[Berlin Airlift|Ulendo wa Ndege ku Berlin]] ukamara pamanyuma pa myezi 15 yakupereka vyakurya, mafuta na vinthu vinyake ku [[West Berlin]] pa nyengo ya [[Berlin Blockade|Kuzingilizgika kwa Berlin]]. * Mu [[1960|1960]], pulogiramu ya makatuni [[The Flintstones]] yikamba kuwoneskeka pa [[ABC]], ndipo yikaŵa yimoza mwa mapulogiramu ghakwamba ghakuru gha makatuni gha nyengo yake. * Mu [[1966|1966]], [[Botswana]] yikajiyimira payake kufuma ku [[United Kingdom|Britain]], ndipo [[Seretse Khama]] wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa charu. (pachithuzi) [[Botswana|Vinandi...]] <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Pa siku la mwahuno mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Sekutembala]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> d2jvd3h57d7gw3r3mgqwpyp8702xihl 8 49551 121789 2026-09-07T20:25:26Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "$( function () { 'use strict'; // Mulembi wa Mwezi // Finds the registered editor with the most article edits // during the previous 30 days. var $target = $( '#mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !$target.length ) { return; } $target.text( 'Ŵakuŵerengedwa...' ); var now = new Date(); var start = new Date( now.getTime() - ( 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); var api = new mw.Api(); function getChanges(continueToken) { var params = { action: 'query',..." 121789 javascript text/javascript $( function () { 'use strict'; // Mulembi wa Mwezi // Finds the registered editor with the most article edits // during the previous 30 days. var $target = $( '#mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !$target.length ) { return; } $target.text( 'Ŵakuŵerengedwa...' ); var now = new Date(); var start = new Date( now.getTime() - ( 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); var api = new mw.Api(); function getChanges(continueToken) { var params = { action: 'query', format: 'json', list: 'recentchanges', rcnamespace: 0, rcprop: 'title|timestamp|user|ids|flags', rcstart: now.toISOString(), rcend: start.toISOString(), rclimit: 'max', rcshow: '!bot' }; if ( continueToken ) { params.rccontinue = continueToken; } return api.get( params ); } var allChanges = []; function loadChanges(continueToken) { return getChanges( continueToken ).then( function ( data ) { if ( data.query && data.query.recentchanges ) { allChanges = allChanges.concat( data.query.recentchanges ); } if ( data.continue && data.continue.rccontinue ) { return loadChanges( data.continue.rccontinue ); } return allChanges; } ); } loadChanges().then( function (changes) { var counts = {}; var names = {}; changes.forEach( function (change) { if ( !change.user ) { return; } // Ignore anonymous/IP editors. if ( /^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$/.test( change.user ) ) { return; } counts[ change.user ] = ( counts[ change.user ] || 0 ) + 1; names[ change.user ] = change.user; } ); var winner = null; var highest = 0; Object.keys( counts ).forEach( function (user) { if ( counts[ user ] > highest ) { highest = counts[ user ]; winner = user; } } ); if ( !winner ) { $target.text( 'Palije mulengi ŵakuŵerengeka.' ); return; } $target.html( '<strong>' + mw.util.getTargetFromURL().toString() + '</strong>' ); var userLink = mw.util.getUrl( 'Special:Contributions/' + winner ); $target.html( '<strong><a href="' + userLink + '">' + mw.html.escape( winner ) + '</a></strong>' + ' — ' + highest + ' ' + ( highest === 1 ? 'edit' : 'maedit' ) ); } ).fail( function () { $target.text( 'Chinthu chasuzga pakuŵerenga maedit.' ); } ); } ); 4ugfs6i7xdle29n88ynepeb8heah2j0 121796 121789 2026-09-07T20:38:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121796 javascript text/javascript $( function () { 'use strict'; var $target = $( '#mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !$target.length ) { return; } $target.text( 'Ŵakuŵerengeka...' ); var api = new mw.Api(); var now = new Date(); var start = new Date( now.getTime() - ( 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); var counts = {}; function getChanges( rccontinue ) { var params = { action: 'query', list: 'recentchanges', rcnamespace: 0, rctype: 'edit|new', rcshow: '!anon|!bot', rcprop: 'title|timestamp|user|ids|flags|tags', rcstart: now.toISOString(), rcend: start.toISOString(), rcdir: 'older', rclimit: 'max', format: 'json' }; if ( rccontinue ) { params.rccontinue = rccontinue; } return api.get( params ); } function loadAllChanges( rccontinue ) { return getChanges( rccontinue ).then( function ( data ) { if ( data.query && data.query.recentchanges ) { data.query.recentchanges.forEach( function (change) { if ( !change.user ) { return; } /* * Ignore edits explicitly identified as * undo/rollback actions. */ var tags = change.tags || []; if ( tags.indexOf( 'mw-undo' ) !== -1 || tags.indexOf( 'mw-rollback' ) !== -1 ) { return; } counts[ change.user ] = ( counts[ change.user ] || 0 ) + 1; } ); } if ( data.continue && data.continue.rccontinue ) { return loadAllChanges( data.continue.rccontinue ); } return counts; } ); } loadAllChanges().then( function ( userCounts ) { var winner = null; var highest = 0; Object.keys( userCounts ).forEach( function ( user ) { if ( userCounts[ user ] > highest ) { highest = userCounts[ user ]; winner = user; } } ); if ( !winner ) { $target.text( 'Palije mulembi wakwaniska kuŵerengeka.' ); return; } var userLink = mw.util.getUrl( 'Special:Contributions/' + winner ); $target.html( '<strong>' + '<a href="' + mw.util.escapeUserText( userLink ) + '">' + mw.html.escape( winner ) + '</a>' + '</strong> — ' + highest + ( highest === 1 ? ' edit' : ' edits' ) ); } ).catch( function () { $target.text( 'Chinthu chasuzga pakuŵerenga maedit.' ); } ); } ); hrnyptiaah8ahinidltz9s8oew1xoju 121797 121796 2026-09-07T20:40:06Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121797 javascript text/javascript $( function () { 'use strict'; var $target = $( '#mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !$target.length ) { return; } $target.text( 'Ŵakuŵerengeka...' ); var api = new mw.Api(); var now = new Date(); var start = new Date( now.getTime() - ( 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ); var counts = {}; function getChanges( rccontinue ) { var params = { action: 'query', list: 'recentchanges', rcnamespace: 0, rctype: 'edit|new', rcshow: '!anon|!bot', rcprop: 'title|timestamp|user|ids|flags|tags', rcstart: now.toISOString(), rcend: start.toISOString(), rcdir: 'older', rclimit: 'max', format: 'json' }; if ( rccontinue ) { params.rccontinue = rccontinue; } return api.get( params ); } function loadChanges( rccontinue ) { return getChanges( rccontinue ).then( function ( data ) { if ( data.query && data.query.recentchanges ) { data.query.recentchanges.forEach( function ( change ) { if ( !change.user ) { return; } var tags = change.tags || []; if ( tags.indexOf( 'mw-undo' ) !== -1 || tags.indexOf( 'mw-rollback' ) !== -1 ) { return; } counts[ change.user ] = ( counts[ change.user ] || 0 ) + 1; } ); } if ( data.continue && data.continue.rccontinue ) { return loadChanges( data.continue.rccontinue ); } return counts; } ); } loadChanges().then( function ( userCounts ) { var winner = null; var highest = 0; Object.keys( userCounts ).forEach( function ( user ) { if ( userCounts[ user ] > highest ) { highest = userCounts[ user ]; winner = user; } } ); if ( !winner ) { $target.text( 'Palije mulembi wakwaniska kuŵerengeka.' ); return; } var userLink = mw.util.getUrl( 'Special:Contributions/' + winner ); $target.html( '<strong><a href="' + userLink + '">' + mw.html.escape( winner ) + '</a></strong> — ' + highest + ( highest === 1 ? ' edit' : ' edits' ) ); } ).fail( function () { $target.text( 'Chinthu chasuzga pakuŵerenga maedit.' ); } ); } ); fyviywj93rf9gxowxqi6rd3y1csn6l0 121798 121797 2026-09-07T20:41:08Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121798 javascript text/javascript $( function () { 'use strict'; var target = document.getElementById( 'mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !target ) { return; } target.textContent = 'Ŵakuŵerengeka...'; var api = new mw.Api(); api.get( { action: 'query', format: 'json', list: 'recentchanges', rcnamespace: 0, rcprop: 'user|timestamp|title', rclimit: 10 } ).then( function ( data ) { if ( data.query && data.query.recentchanges && data.query.recentchanges.length ) { target.textContent = 'API yikugwira ntchito. ' + data.query.recentchanges.length + ' maedit ghafumanika.'; } else { target.textContent = 'API yikugwira ntchito, kweni palije maedit ghafumanika.'; } }, function ( error ) { target.textContent = 'API error: ' + ( error && error.error && error.error.info ? error.error.info : 'Chinthu chinyake chasuzga.' ); } ); } ); 19s27sk5y7es3k2glincunynn0kf6cs 121799 121798 2026-09-07T20:42:43Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121799 javascript text/javascript $( function () { 'use strict'; var target = document.getElementById( 'mulembi-wa-mwezi-result' ); if ( !target ) { return; } target.textContent = 'Ŵakuŵerengeka...'; var api = new mw.Api(); var counts = {}; api.get( { action: 'query', format: 'json', list: 'recentchanges', rcnamespace: 0, rctype: 'edit|new', rcprop: 'user|timestamp|title', rcshow: '!anon|!bot', rclimit: 'max' } ).then( function ( data ) { if ( !data.query || !data.query.recentchanges ) { target.textContent = 'Palije maedit ghafumanika.'; return; } data.query.recentchanges.forEach( function ( change ) { if ( !change.user ) { return; } counts[ change.user ] = ( counts[ change.user ] || 0 ) + 1; } ); var winner = null; var highest = 0; Object.keys( counts ).forEach( function ( user ) { if ( counts[ user ] > highest ) { highest = counts[ user ]; winner = user; } } ); if ( !winner ) { target.textContent = 'Palije mulembi wakwaniska kuŵerengeka.'; return; } var userLink = mw.util.getUrl( 'Special:Contributions/' + winner ); target.innerHTML = '<strong><a href="' + userLink + '">' + mw.html.escape( winner ) + '</a></strong> — ' + highest + ' maedit'; } ).fail( function ( error ) { target.textContent = 'API error: ' + ( error && error.error && error.error.info ? error.error.info : 'Chinthu chinyake chasuzga.' ); } ); } ); 3iwfgin2aa7mx97tvdrkikgbnzkgb73 10 49552 121790 2026-09-07T20:28:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa Mwezi </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengedwa... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghapita </div> </div>" 121790 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa Mwezi </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengedwa... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghapita </div> </div> 0en2zn84zubwsi6xhq8mnd5t45lgxkt 121791 121790 2026-09-07T20:28:36Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121791 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa Mwezi </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengeka... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> lvseboipz9ejtkv72z4m1b874cseemh 121793 121791 2026-09-07T20:34:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121793 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa Mwezi </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengeka... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghapita </div> </div> 2n5mq2tovxvpol69sddnfdermgalyv4 121794 121793 2026-09-07T20:34:23Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121794 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa Mwezi </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengeka... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> lvseboipz9ejtkv72z4m1b874cseemh 121800 121794 2026-09-07T20:51:52Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121800 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa mwezi uwu </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Ŵakuŵerengeka... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> 0liud0r7us8oqa55zp3izaj5voo6zk7 121801 121800 2026-09-07T20:52:39Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121801 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Mulembi wa mwezi uwu </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> fjnulf2b9vk9yp72570bx1ewmm8xw0b 121802 121801 2026-09-07T20:54:48Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121802 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu wemzi uwu: </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> 143scq4g2jaxk596xhyzt9p7odwtarm 121803 121802 2026-09-07T20:55:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121803 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu mwezi uwu: </div> Ni : <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> p2bqxfno0ezxzxi0qoqmoaz23sbkiu7 121804 121803 2026-09-07T20:56:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121804 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu mwezi uwu: </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> NI : <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> 0mksu5jv2m4dbanfp78tqbunri6lfg9 121805 121804 2026-09-07T20:56:36Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121805 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu mwezi uwu: </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> NI: Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> pkihpexw21ofb4a0lwbvl22sltdlbrh 121806 121805 2026-09-07T20:57:03Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121806 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu mwezi uwu: </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> p9l87qvpmbx2x6vqe1w7ras8fzrxqix 121807 121806 2026-09-07T20:57:30Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Protected "[[Template:MulembiWaMwezi]]" ([Lemba=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Ithya=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) [cascading] 121806 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="mulembi-wa-mwezi"> <div style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"> 🏆 Uyo walemba vya phindu mu mwezi uwu: </div> <div id="mulembi-wa-mwezi-result"> Lindizgani tikupenda... </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Mu mazuŵa 30 ghajumpha </div> </div> p9l87qvpmbx2x6vqe1w7ras8fzrxqix 4 49553 121809 2026-09-07T21:04:12Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Afri..." 121809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu [[Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Africa]] na [[Southern Africa|kumwera kwa Africa]]? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhozga kusunga maji mu thupi mwakuti yingazizipizga malo ghakuuma? * ... kuti [[Axolotl|axolotl]] yingamerezgaso viŵaro vyake vinyake para vyapwetekeka? * ... kuti [[Wombat|wombat]] ndiyo nyama yakumanyikwa iyo yikupanga vinthu vyakufumapo vya thupi vyakuyana na ma cube? * ... kuti [[Platypus|platypus]] ni mamalia iyo yikupanga mahe ndipo yili na mulomo wakuyana na wa bakha? * ... kuti [[Pangolin|pangolin]] yili na thupi lakuphimbika na masikelo gha keratin agho ghakovwira kuyivikilira? * ... kuti [[Rafflesia arnoldii|Rafflesia arnoldii]] lili limoza mwa maluŵa ghakuru chomene pa charu chose? * ... kuti [[Mantis shrimp|mantis shrimp]] yingaŵa na nkhonya yambura kumanyikwa chifukwa cha liŵiro lake likuru chomene? * ... kuti [[Sea otter|sea otter]] yikugwiliskira ntchito malibwe pakubwangandura magomba gha nyama izo yikurya? * ... kuti [[Wandering albatross|wandering albatross]] yili na mapapindo ghakutambasuka chomene kuluska viyuni vinandi, ghakufika pafupifupi mamita 3.7? {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hvhlpsxt0vhv4go0rr60atft4fb6asa 4 49554 121810 2026-09-07T21:04:25Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Afri..." 121810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu [[Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Africa]] na [[Southern Africa|kumwera kwa Africa]]? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhozga kusunga maji mu thupi mwakuti yingazizipizga malo ghakuuma? * ... kuti [[Axolotl|axolotl]] yingamerezgaso viŵaro vyake vinyake para vyapwetekeka? * ... kuti [[Wombat|wombat]] ndiyo nyama yakumanyikwa iyo yikupanga vinthu vyakufumapo vya thupi vyakuyana na ma cube? * ... kuti [[Platypus|platypus]] ni mamalia iyo yikupanga mahe ndipo yili na mulomo wakuyana na wa bakha? * ... kuti [[Pangolin|pangolin]] yili na thupi lakuphimbika na masikelo gha keratin agho ghakovwira kuyivikilira? * ... kuti [[Rafflesia arnoldii|Rafflesia arnoldii]] lili limoza mwa maluŵa ghakuru chomene pa charu chose? * ... kuti [[Mantis shrimp|mantis shrimp]] yingaŵa na nkhonya yambura kumanyikwa chifukwa cha liŵiro lake likuru chomene? * ... kuti [[Sea otter|sea otter]] yikugwiliskira ntchito malibwe pakubwangandura magomba gha nyama izo yikurya? * ... kuti [[Wandering albatross|wandering albatross]] yili na mapapindo ghakutambasuka chomene kuluska viyuni vinandi, ghakufika pafupifupi mamita 3.7? {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hvhlpsxt0vhv4go0rr60atft4fb6asa 4 49555 121811 2026-09-07T21:04:37Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "{{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Afri..." 121811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main page image/DYK|image=Dik-dik.jpg|caption=Dik-dik ku Kenya}} * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] ni mtundu wa mphala uchoko chomene uwo ukukula mamita 30–40 kufika pa pheŵe, ndipo zina lake likufuma ku lizgu ilo chikazi chikupanga para chachita wofi? (pachithuzi) * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yingaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 3–6, ndipo yingakhala umoyo wa vyaka 10? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhala chomene mu [[Eastern Africa|kumafumiro gha zuŵa gha Africa]] na [[Southern Africa|kumwera kwa Africa]]? * ... kuti [[Dik-dik|dik-dik]] yikukhozga kusunga maji mu thupi mwakuti yingazizipizga malo ghakuuma? * ... kuti [[Axolotl|axolotl]] yingamerezgaso viŵaro vyake vinyake para vyapwetekeka? * ... kuti [[Wombat|wombat]] ndiyo nyama yakumanyikwa iyo yikupanga vinthu vyakufumapo vya thupi vyakuyana na ma cube? * ... kuti [[Platypus|platypus]] ni mamalia iyo yikupanga mahe ndipo yili na mulomo wakuyana na wa bakha? * ... kuti [[Pangolin|pangolin]] yili na thupi lakuphimbika na masikelo gha keratin agho ghakovwira kuyivikilira? * ... kuti [[Rafflesia arnoldii|Rafflesia arnoldii]] lili limoza mwa maluŵa ghakuru chomene pa charu chose? * ... kuti [[Mantis shrimp|mantis shrimp]] yingaŵa na nkhonya yambura kumanyikwa chifukwa cha liŵiro lake likuru chomene? * ... kuti [[Sea otter|sea otter]] yikugwiliskira ntchito malibwe pakubwangandura magomba gha nyama izo yikurya? * ... kuti [[Wandering albatross|wandering albatross]] yili na mapapindo ghakutambasuka chomene kuluska viyuni vinandi, ghakufika pafupifupi mamita 3.7? {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Kasi mukumanya mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> hvhlpsxt0vhv4go0rr60atft4fb6asa 4 49556 121812 2026-09-07T21:05:13Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "<div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:San people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[ŴaSan]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Africa awo ŵali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya visopa, viyowoyero na miyambo. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakumanyikwa mu mbiri chifukwa cha umoyo wa kusaka na kusanga vyakurya, ndipo ŵakhalanga mu malo ghakupambanapambana gha ku Kalahari na vigaŵa vinyake vya kumwera kwa Africa. ŴaSan ŵali na umanyi wakuzama pa nyama, vyomela, maj..." 121812 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:San people.jpg|100px]] </div> '''[[ŴaSan]]''' ni gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Africa awo ŵali na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya visopa, viyowoyero na miyambo. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakumanyikwa mu mbiri chifukwa cha umoyo wa kusaka na kusanga vyakurya, ndipo ŵakhalanga mu malo ghakupambanapambana gha ku Kalahari na vigaŵa vinyake vya kumwera kwa Africa. ŴaSan ŵali na umanyi wakuzama pa nyama, vyomela, maji, nyengo na malo agho ŵakukhalamo. Chikhalidwe chawo chili na nyimbo, kuvina, ntharika, kusunga umanyi wa mibadwo na luso lwa kupanga vinthu. Mazuŵa ghano ŴaSan ŵakukhala mu vyaru vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakupitirizga kusaka na kusanga vyakurya apo ŵanyake ŵali kusintha ku umoyo wa mu vijiji. Mbiri yawo yakhwaskika na kutolekeka kwa malo, kusintha kwa chuma na ndondomeko za maboma. Mazuŵa ghano ŵakulimbikira kusunga chikhalidwe, malo na mazaza ghawo. ([[ŴaSan|Nkhani yose...]]) <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu mu Chitumbuka mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> p2ykcwtrkzb4cf7ajrcdpbgxmnadh5z 4 49557 121813 2026-09-07T21:06:09Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "'''Mndandanda uwu ngwakukhwaskana na charu cha [[Zambia]]''' <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb|left|Mbendela ya [[Zambia]]]] </div> * [[1888]] - Chigaŵa cha sono cha [[Zambia]] chikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha [[United Kingdom|Britain]] ndipo chikazgoka chigaŵa chakuwusikika na Britain.<br> * [[1911]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikapangika nga ni chigaŵa chakuwusika na [[British South Africa Company]].<br> * [[1924]] - Boma la Br..." 121813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mndandanda uwu ngwakukhwaskana na charu cha [[Zambia]]''' <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb|left|Mbendela ya [[Zambia]]]] </div> * [[1888]] - Chigaŵa cha sono cha [[Zambia]] chikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha [[United Kingdom|Britain]] ndipo chikazgoka chigaŵa chakuwusikika na Britain.<br> * [[1911]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikapangika nga ni chigaŵa chakuwusika na [[British South Africa Company]].<br> * [[1924]] - Boma la Britain likatora mazaza gha [[Northern Rhodesia]] kufuma ku British South Africa Company.<br> * [[1948]] - [[Northern Rhodesia Congress]] yikakhazikika, iyo yikazgoka chigaŵa chakuzirwa pa kulimbikira wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa.<br> * [[1953-08-01|1953]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikamba kuŵa chigaŵa cha [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland]].<br> * [[1963-12-31|1963]] - [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Federation ya Rhodesia na Nyasaland]] yikamara.<br> * [[1964-10-24|1964]] - [[Zambia]] yikapokera wanangwa kufuma ku [[United Kingdom|Britain]], ndipo [[Kenneth Kaunda]] wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba.<br> * [[1991-11-02|1991]] - [[Frederick Chiluba]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti, ndipo [[Movement for Multi-Party Democracy]] yikathereska [[United National Independence Party]].<br> * [[2011-09-23|2011]] - [[Michael Sata]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia.<br> * [[2021-08-24|2021]] - [[Hakainde Hichilema]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia kufuma ku [[United Party for National Development]].<br> <!--HooksEnd--> {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top:0.5em; text-align:right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9egmmk3y5qy5prgoqq8qw2kwrpbpwnw 4 49558 121814 2026-09-07T21:06:21Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 Created page with "'''Mndandanda uwu ngwakukhwaskana na charu cha [[Zambia]]''' <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb|left|Mbendela ya [[Zambia]]]] </div> * [[1888]] - Chigaŵa cha sono cha [[Zambia]] chikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha [[United Kingdom|Britain]] ndipo chikazgoka chigaŵa chakuwusikika na Britain.<br> * [[1911]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikapangika nga ni chigaŵa chakuwusika na [[British South Africa Company]].<br> * [[1924]] - Boma la Br..." 121814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mndandanda uwu ngwakukhwaskana na charu cha [[Zambia]]''' <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb|left|Mbendela ya [[Zambia]]]] </div> * [[1888]] - Chigaŵa cha sono cha [[Zambia]] chikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha [[United Kingdom|Britain]] ndipo chikazgoka chigaŵa chakuwusikika na Britain.<br> * [[1911]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikapangika nga ni chigaŵa chakuwusika na [[British South Africa Company]].<br> * [[1924]] - Boma la Britain likatora mazaza gha [[Northern Rhodesia]] kufuma ku British South Africa Company.<br> * [[1948]] - [[Northern Rhodesia Congress]] yikakhazikika, iyo yikazgoka chigaŵa chakuzirwa pa kulimbikira wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa.<br> * [[1953-08-01|1953]] - [[Northern Rhodesia]] yikamba kuŵa chigaŵa cha [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland]].<br> * [[1963-12-31|1963]] - [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Federation ya Rhodesia na Nyasaland]] yikamara.<br> * [[1964-10-24|1964]] - [[Zambia]] yikapokera wanangwa kufuma ku [[United Kingdom|Britain]], ndipo [[Kenneth Kaunda]] wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba.<br> * [[1991-11-02|1991]] - [[Frederick Chiluba]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti, ndipo [[Movement for Multi-Party Democracy]] yikathereska [[United National Independence Party]].<br> * [[2011-09-23|2011]] - [[Michael Sata]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia.<br> * [[2021-08-24|2021]] - [[Hakainde Hichilema]] wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia kufuma ku [[United Party for National Development]].<br> <!--HooksEnd--> {{flatlist|class=dyk-footer noprint|style=margin-top:0.5em; text-align:right;}} {{endflatlist}} <noinclude>[[Category:Mndandanda wa nyengo za vyakuchitika mu mwezi wa Ogasiti]]</noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Vyakulemba vya pa chikaya cha Chitumbuka]]</noinclude> 9egmmk3y5qy5prgoqq8qw2kwrpbpwnw 0 49559 121816 2026-09-08T02:40:49Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''Kilo-|kilo..." 121816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[metre]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref>https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] 55gqmupkzj309pnl7qmb9r4t7raho8c 121820 121816 2026-09-08T06:27:01Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[mita]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref name="SI2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124226/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live|title=The International System of Units (SI), 9th Edition|date=2019|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}}</ref> "SI yakufumira ku unit" ni zina lakusazgako vigaŵa vyakukhazikika, nga ni [[hertz]] (kuzungulira pa sekondi), [[Newton (unit)|newton]] (kg⋅m/s²), na [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (1 kg⋅s⁻²⋅A⁻¹). Pa nkhani ya madigiri [[Celsius]] (°C), ni sikelo yakusinthika iyo yikufuma ku kelvin (273.15 K yikuyana na 0 °C apo nyengo ya 1 K yikuyana waka na nyengo ya 1 °C). Nthowa ya SI yikufuma ku nthowa yakale ya [[mita-kilogram-second]] (MKS) ya vigaŵa, nangauli vilongosolero vya vigaŵa vyakwamba vyasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo. Lero, vigaŵa vyose vyakukhazikika vikulongosoreka na vinthu vyakuwoneka – na viyezgelero yayi mu kawonekero ka vinthu vyakuwoneka, nga umo vikaŵira kale. Nthowa zinyake zakupambanapambana za metric zikusazgapo nthowa ya centimeter–gram–second ya mayuniti, nthowa ya mita–tani–sekondi ya mayuniti, na nthowa ya gravitational metric. Chilichose chili na mayuniti gha metric ghambura kukolerana, ndipo vinyake mwa ndondomeko izi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vichoko waka. Mayuniti ghanyake ghambura SI nga ni [[lita]] ghakulutilira kugwiliskirika nchito comene.<ref name="SIbrochure2026" /> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] qhrfgvzyh251cj9u8ucg774ce4b5mxj 121821 121820 2026-09-08T06:27:52Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[mita]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref name="SI2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124226/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live|title=The International System of Units (SI), 9th Edition|date=2019|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}}</ref> [[SI yakufumira ku unit]] ni zina lakusazgako vigaŵa vyakukhazikika, nga ni [[hertz]] (kuzungulira pa sekondi), [[Newton (unit)|newton]] (kg⋅m/s²), na [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (1 kg⋅s⁻²⋅A⁻¹). Pa nkhani ya madigiri [[Celsius]] (°C), ni sikelo yakusinthika iyo yikufuma ku kelvin (273.15 K yikuyana na 0 °C apo nyengo ya 1 K yikuyana waka na nyengo ya 1 °C). Nthowa ya SI yikufuma ku nthowa yakale ya [[mita-kilogram-second]] (MKS) ya vigaŵa, nangauli vilongosolero vya vigaŵa vyakwamba vyasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo. Lero, vigaŵa vyose vyakukhazikika vikulongosoreka na vinthu vyakuwoneka – na viyezgelero yayi mu kawonekero ka vinthu vyakuwoneka, nga umo vikaŵira kale. Nthowa zinyake zakupambanapambana za metric zikusazgapo nthowa ya centimeter–gram–second ya mayuniti, nthowa ya mita–tani–sekondi ya mayuniti, na nthowa ya gravitational metric. Chilichose chili na mayuniti gha metric ghambura kukolerana, ndipo vinyake mwa ndondomeko izi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vichoko waka. Mayuniti ghanyake ghambura SI nga ni [[lita]] ghakulutilira kugwiliskirika nchito comene.<ref name="SIbrochure2026">{{Cite web |title=SI-Brochure-9 |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/si-brochure-9 |date=June 2026 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=BIPM |language=en-US |doi=10.59161/AUEZ1291 |edition=4.01|pages=140–141}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] hhcd906crwyoy89wlu5lzpx9pxuujbh 121822 121821 2026-09-08T06:31:50Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' ([[ChiNgelezi]]: ''metric system'') yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[mita]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref name="SI2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124226/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live|title=The International System of Units (SI), 9th Edition|date=2019|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}}</ref> [[SI yakufumira ku unit]] ni zina lakusazgako vigaŵa vyakukhazikika, nga ni [[hertz]] (kuzungulira pa sekondi), [[Newton (unit)|newton]] (kg⋅m/s²), na [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (1 kg⋅s⁻²⋅A⁻¹). Pa nkhani ya madigiri [[Celsius]] (°C), ni sikelo yakusinthika iyo yikufuma ku kelvin (273.15 K yikuyana na 0 °C apo nyengo ya 1 K yikuyana waka na nyengo ya 1 °C). Nthowa ya SI yikufuma ku nthowa yakale ya [[mita-kilogram-second]] (MKS) ya vigaŵa, nangauli vilongosolero vya vigaŵa vyakwamba vyasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo. Lero, vigaŵa vyose vyakukhazikika vikulongosoreka na vinthu vyakuwoneka – na viyezgelero yayi mu kawonekero ka vinthu vyakuwoneka, nga umo vikaŵira kale. Nthowa zinyake zakupambanapambana za metric zikusazgapo nthowa ya centimeter–gram–second ya mayuniti, nthowa ya mita–tani–sekondi ya mayuniti, na nthowa ya gravitational metric. Chilichose chili na mayuniti gha metric ghambura kukolerana, ndipo vinyake mwa ndondomeko izi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vichoko waka. Mayuniti ghanyake ghambura SI nga ni [[lita]] ghakulutilira kugwiliskirika nchito comene.<ref name="SIbrochure2026">{{Cite web |title=SI-Brochure-9 |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/si-brochure-9 |date=June 2026 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=BIPM |language=en-US |doi=10.59161/AUEZ1291 |edition=4.01|pages=140–141}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] h2356qiksw87dzub8ly7iib09vat1iw 121823 121822 2026-09-08T09:43:05Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' ([[ChiNgelezi]]: ''metric system'') yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[mita]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref name="SI2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124226/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live|title=The International System of Units (SI), 9th Edition|date=2019|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}}</ref> [[SI yakufumira ku yuniti]] ni zina lakusazgako vigaŵa vyakukhazikika, nga ni [[hertz]] (kuzungulira pa sekondi), [[Newton (yuniti)|newton]] (kg⋅m/s²), na [[tesla (yuniti)|tesla]] (1 kg⋅s⁻²⋅A⁻¹). Pa nkhani ya madigiri [[Celsius]] (°C), ni sikelo yakusinthika iyo yikufuma ku kelvin (273.15 K yikuyana na 0 °C apo nyengo ya 1 K yikuyana waka na nyengo ya 1 °C). Nthowa ya SI yikufuma ku nthowa yakale ya [[mita-kilogram-second]] (MKS) ya vigaŵa, nangauli vilongosolero vya vigaŵa vyakwamba vyasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo. Lero, vigaŵa vyose vyakukhazikika vikulongosoreka na vinthu vyakuwoneka – na viyezgelero yayi mu kawonekero ka vinthu vyakuwoneka, nga umo vikaŵira kale. Nthowa zinyake zakupambanapambana za metric zikusazgapo nthowa ya centimeter–gram–second ya mayuniti, nthowa ya mita–tani–sekondi ya mayuniti, na nthowa ya gravitational metric. Chilichose chili na mayuniti gha metric ghambura kukolerana, ndipo vinyake mwa ndondomeko izi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vichoko waka. Mayuniti ghanyake ghambura SI nga ni [[lita]] ghakulutilira kugwiliskirika nchito comene.<ref name="SIbrochure2026">{{Cite web |title=SI-Brochure-9 |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/si-brochure-9 |date=June 2026 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=BIPM |language=en-US |doi=10.59161/AUEZ1291 |edition=4.01|pages=140–141}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] 93jtvrnffdn6ax0t7uneio6cfuduhs4 121829 121823 2026-09-08T09:53:53Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Nthowa yakupimira]] ni ndondomeko iyo mikhaliro yakuwoneka (nga ni utali, kulemera, kutentha, na vinyake) yingapimika na manambara. Pakati pa ndondomeko zinandi zakupimira, '''nthowa ya metric''' ([[ChiNgelezi]]: ''metric system'') yikung’anamura chimoza, chilichose chikuŵika pa mlingo seti ya vigaŵa vyakukhazikika na zina ilo likulongosora vigaŵa vikuruvikuru na vichoko chomene mwakugwiliskira ntchito vimanyikwiro vya vigaŵa vyakuchulukizga vyakuthemba pa decimal (nga ni ''[[Kilo-|kilo]] ''na ''[[Milli-|milli]]''). '''International System of Units''' (SI) nchiyelezgero chiwemi, ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo zikuzomerezgeka chomene (izo zikumanyikwa viŵi yayi kuluska SI) izo zikugwiriskirika nchito chomene mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni vigaŵa vya Gaussian vya magesi. Nangauli malango agho ghakulaŵilira nthowa ya metric ghakasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo, ng’anamuro la mazuŵa ghano mu International System of Units likulongosora vimanyikwiro vya metric na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwamba: [[mita]] (m), [[kilogram]] (kg), [[second]] (s), [[ampere]] (A), [[kelvin]] (K), [[mole]] (mol), na [[candela]] (cd).<ref name="SI2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124226/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live|title=The International System of Units (SI), 9th Edition|date=2019|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}}</ref> [[SI yakufumira ku yuniti]] ni zina lakusazgako vigaŵa vyakukhazikika, nga ni [[hertz]] (kuzungulira pa sekondi), [[Newton (yuniti)|newton]] (kg⋅m/s²), na [[tesla (yuniti)|tesla]] (1 kg⋅s⁻²⋅A⁻¹). Pa nkhani ya madigiri [[Celsius]] (°C), ni sikelo yakusinthika iyo yikufuma ku kelvin (273.15 K yikuyana na 0 °C apo nyengo ya 1 K yikuyana waka na nyengo ya 1 °C). Nthowa ya SI yikufuma ku nthowa yakale ya [[mita-kilogram-second]] (MKS) ya vigaŵa, nangauli vilongosolero vya vigaŵa vyakwamba vyasintha pakujumpha kwa nyengo. Lero, vigaŵa vyose vyakukhazikika vikulongosoreka na vinthu vyakuwoneka – na viyezgelero yayi mu kawonekero ka vinthu vyakuwoneka, nga umo vikaŵira kale. Nthowa zinyake zakupambanapambana za metric zikusazgapo nthowa ya centimeter–gram–second ya mayuniti, nthowa ya mita–tani–sekondi ya mayuniti, na nthowa ya gravitational metric. Chilichose chili na mayuniti gha metric ghambura kukolerana, ndipo vinyake mwa ndondomeko izi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vichoko waka. Mayuniti ghanyake ghambura SI nga ni [[lita]] ghakulutilira kugwiliskirika nchito comene.<ref name="SIbrochure2026">{{Cite web |title=SI-Brochure-9 |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/si-brochure-9 |date=June 2026 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=BIPM |language=en-US |doi=10.59161/AUEZ1291 |edition=4.01|pages=140–141}}</ref> ==Wonaniso== *[[Kutanthauzira kwa nthowa ya metric]] ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== * {{Wikiversity inline|Using the Metric System}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric| ]] 9ziun52y7obhpkwilfizy9gebbqfcvu 1 49560 121817 2026-09-08T02:41:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49561 121824 2026-09-08T09:50:43Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created expandable stub about the [[:en:Outline of the metric system|outline of the metric system]] 121824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} Kutanthauzira yakulondezgapo yikupelekeka nga ni ndondomeko ya nthowa ya metric: '''[[Nthowa ya metric]]''' – [[Nthowa yakupimira|nthowa zakupimira]] zakupambanapambana zakukhwaskana mwakufwatuka izo zikulongosora umo zikambira ku ndondomeko ya kupimira ya decimal iyo yikayambiskika ku [[France]] pa nyengo ya [[French Revolution]]. == Mtundu wa nthowa ya metric == === Fundo yikuru ya nthowa ya metric === === Filosofe yakubisika === == Mayuniti ghakupimira == == Mbiri ya nthowa ya metric == === Mndandanda wa nyengo mbiri ya nthowa ya metric === === Mbiri ya metrication === === Kusintha kwa nthowa ya metric ya mbiri yakale === === Mbiri ya mayuniti vya metric === == Ndale za nthowa ya metric == == Munthazi mwa nthowa ya metric == == Metrication magulu na ŵamazaza == == Mabuku gha nthowa ya metric == * ''[[Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160819195416/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffplan.htm malemba] ([[Thomas Jefferson]] 1790) == Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwovwira mu nthowa ya metric == == External links == {{Sister project links|Metric system}} * [https://www.metric-conversions.org/ Metric conversions] {{Outline footer}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric]] 6ecg0tb9s6g3zfq61nmf9i8s6iia4uq 121825 121824 2026-09-08T09:51:00Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* External links */ 121825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} Kutanthauzira yakulondezgapo yikupelekeka nga ni ndondomeko ya nthowa ya metric: '''[[Nthowa ya metric]]''' – [[Nthowa yakupimira|nthowa zakupimira]] zakupambanapambana zakukhwaskana mwakufwatuka izo zikulongosora umo zikambira ku ndondomeko ya kupimira ya decimal iyo yikayambiskika ku [[France]] pa nyengo ya [[French Revolution]]. == Mtundu wa nthowa ya metric == === Fundo yikuru ya nthowa ya metric === === Filosofe yakubisika === == Mayuniti ghakupimira == == Mbiri ya nthowa ya metric == === Mndandanda wa nyengo mbiri ya nthowa ya metric === === Mbiri ya metrication === === Kusintha kwa nthowa ya metric ya mbiri yakale === === Mbiri ya mayuniti vya metric === == Ndale za nthowa ya metric == == Munthazi mwa nthowa ya metric == == Metrication magulu na ŵamazaza == == Mabuku gha nthowa ya metric == * ''[[Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160819195416/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffplan.htm malemba] ([[Thomas Jefferson]] 1790) == Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwovwira mu nthowa ya metric == == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Sister project links|Metric system}} * [https://www.metric-conversions.org/ Metric conversions] {{Outline footer}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric]] n3o2b3js7otzgag2xa2xhqiafpysc1l 121827 121825 2026-09-08T09:52:17Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwovwira mu nthowa ya metric */ 121827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} Kutanthauzira yakulondezgapo yikupelekeka nga ni ndondomeko ya nthowa ya metric: '''[[Nthowa ya metric]]''' – [[Nthowa yakupimira|nthowa zakupimira]] zakupambanapambana zakukhwaskana mwakufwatuka izo zikulongosora umo zikambira ku ndondomeko ya kupimira ya decimal iyo yikayambiskika ku [[France]] pa nyengo ya [[French Revolution]]. == Mtundu wa nthowa ya metric == === Fundo yikuru ya nthowa ya metric === === Filosofe yakubisika === == Mayuniti ghakupimira == == Mbiri ya nthowa ya metric == === Mndandanda wa nyengo mbiri ya nthowa ya metric === === Mbiri ya metrication === === Kusintha kwa nthowa ya metric ya mbiri yakale === === Mbiri ya mayuniti vya metric === == Ndale za nthowa ya metric == == Munthazi mwa nthowa ya metric == == Metrication magulu na ŵamazaza == == Mabuku gha nthowa ya metric == * ''[[Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160819195416/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffplan.htm malemba] ([[Thomas Jefferson]] 1790) == Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwovwira mu nthowa ya metric == * [[Simon Stevin]] (1548–1620) * [[Gabriel Mouton]] (1618–1694) * [[Marquis de Condorcet]] (1743–1794) * [[Pierre Méchain]] (1744–1804) * [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] (1749–1827) * [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] (1749–1822) * [[Adrien-Marie Legendre]] (1753–1834) * [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] (1824–1907) * [[Giovanni Giorgi]] (1871–1950) == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Sister project links|Metric system}} * [https://www.metric-conversions.org/ Metric conversions] {{Outline footer}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric]] 0xfx4lu6oq36az7p06cex50oyopoc90 121828 121827 2026-09-08T09:52:49Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Mabuku gha nthowa ya metric */ 121828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} Kutanthauzira yakulondezgapo yikupelekeka nga ni ndondomeko ya nthowa ya metric: '''[[Nthowa ya metric]]''' – [[Nthowa yakupimira|nthowa zakupimira]] zakupambanapambana zakukhwaskana mwakufwatuka izo zikulongosora umo zikambira ku ndondomeko ya kupimira ya decimal iyo yikayambiskika ku [[France]] pa nyengo ya [[French Revolution]]. == Mtundu wa nthowa ya metric == === Fundo yikuru ya nthowa ya metric === === Filosofe yakubisika === == Mayuniti ghakupimira == == Mbiri ya nthowa ya metric == === Mndandanda wa nyengo mbiri ya nthowa ya metric === === Mbiri ya metrication === === Kusintha kwa nthowa ya metric ya mbiri yakale === === Mbiri ya mayuniti vya metric === == Ndale za nthowa ya metric == == Munthazi mwa nthowa ya metric == == Metrication magulu na ŵamazaza == == Mabuku gha nthowa ya metric == * ''[[:en:Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States|Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160819195416/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffplan.htm malemba] ([[Thomas Jefferson]] 1790) == Ŵanthu awo ŵakuwovwira mu nthowa ya metric == * [[Simon Stevin]] (1548–1620) * [[Gabriel Mouton]] (1618–1694) * [[Marquis de Condorcet]] (1743–1794) * [[Pierre Méchain]] (1744–1804) * [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] (1749–1827) * [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] (1749–1822) * [[Adrien-Marie Legendre]] (1753–1834) * [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] (1824–1907) * [[Giovanni Giorgi]] (1871–1950) == Malinki gha kuwaro == {{Sister project links|Metric system}} * [https://www.metric-conversions.org/ Metric conversions] {{Outline footer}} [[Category:Nthowa ya metric]] c9c66ogy3hhnkj43z4p4me0nmc1adsx 1 49562 121826 2026-09-08T09:51:15Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li