Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 14 977 121899 118450 2026-09-11T02:46:59Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Malawi|Malaŵi}} [[Image:Flag of Malawi.svg|right|100px|Malaŵi]] '''[[Malaŵi]]''' [[Category:Afrika]] gq7gw7ufjdbbcxppswbout3vjhsbeut 14 6843 121901 23026 2026-09-11T02:49:11Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Afilika]]''' 2wr0a6h0ewryflamp3h5e3n0h6spsnr 3 6887 121907 121681 2026-09-11T05:32:20Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Help page on iowiki in Tumbuka */ new section 121907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |maxarchivesize = 10 |counter = 1 |algo = old(48h) |archive = User talk:Tumbuka Arch/Archive %(counter)d |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 4 }} {{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=LightCyan|start1=0%|color2=Aqua|start2=20%|color3=DodgerBlue|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=DodgerBlue|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Dofyani pano kuti munitumile uthenga uliwose!}}{{User new message large|textcolor=White|color1=#008000|start1=0%|color2=#007500|start2=50%|color3=#007000|start3=75%|bordersize=1px|bordercolor=#007000|radius=10px|textsize=200%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=[[File:Face-smile.svg|32px|link=|alt=]]|text=Just click here to add a new message!|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tumbuka_Arch?action=edit&section=new}} <!-- Do not use another URL in this documentation, especially not Special:MyTalk! Someone might copy it from here and think that it works on their talk page... while it only works for THEMSELVES. -->{{User new message large|textcolor=Black|color1=Wheat|start1=0%|color2=Wheat|start2=20%|color3=Wheat|start3=90%|bordersize=2px|bordercolor=Wheat|radius=10px|textsize=150%|rotation=135deg|icon-left=|icon-right=|text={{big|♕}}{{spaces|2}}<u>PLEASE CLICK HERE TO ADD A NEW MESSAGE</u>{{spaces|2}}{{big|♕}}}} {{Tumbuka Arch Talk 2}} {{Archives}} <!--- New sections go at the BOTTOM of the page ---> '''ALL TUMBUKA HISTORY BOOKS''' [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XgLgzF3vyXF9NMdLiymx5weR5twXJ4pB?usp=sharing Here] == Resources and questions == Hi. I hope you are doing well. I have two things: 1. Do you have any resources for learning Tumbuka and Chewa? I'm getting more used to Tumbuka (not perfect still), but not great with Chewa. 2. Lots of things in one. *Is the word for ''is ''in Chewa ''ndi'', like ''ni ''in Tumbuka, or is ''ndi ''meaning ''and''? *Is ''mzinda ''meaning ''city ''in Tumbuka? I've been treating it this way until your move summary for [[Darwin (mzinda)]] saying it is Chewa. *Is ''village ''in Tumbuka ''muzi ''or ''chikaya''? And what is ''village ''in Chewa? *What is ''nyengo ''in Tumbuka exactly? I've been treating it as ''weather''. *What is ''malo ''in Tumbuka exactly? I've been treating it as ''geography'' and multiple other things. *What is ''boma'' in Tumbuka? Can it mean both ''government ''and ''county''/''LGA''? *Is ''island '' in Tumbuka ''chilumba ''or ''nkhoska''? Yewo chomene. I know thats a lot. Come back to me when you can. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 13:30, 2 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) :Great questions and thanks. :* "Ni" is Tumbuka, and in Chewa, it is "ndi" which means "is". :* "Mzinda"''' is not Tumbuka''' (but '''Chewa'''), in Tumbuka it is called "msumba" which means "city", "town" or "urban area". :* "Island" is called "chirwa" (default normal Tumbuka), or "nkhoska" (old (or deep) Tumbuka), ''Chilumba'' is Chewa language :* "Boma" is both Chewa and Tumbuka, in both languages, it means "the district seat", "a district", "government of"= boma la, "government" :* Village is "'''Chikaya'''" in '''Tumbuka''', and ''mu'''d'''zi'' in Chewa. "Muzi" is a Tumbuka pidgin, meaning a neutral one, or a hybrid :* "malo" is both Tumbuka and Chewa to mean "place", piece of land", "a plot/plot", "location" :* "Nyengo" (time) is Tumbuka, in Chewa (if you mean time), it called "nthawi" :* "Nyengo" in Chewa, it may mean "season of", but does NOT mean "season" :* For "season(s)", in Tumbuka is "'''nyengo ya''' (vula) to mean "rainy season" :* For "season(s)", in Chewa is "'''nyengo ya''' (mvula) to mean "rainy season" :Resources, you mean online? :Thanks. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 18:24, 2 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] Yes, online. ::Thanks for the information. I'll remember these. ::Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 23:03, 2 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) == [[Donald Trump]] as a featured article == Hi. I am letting you know the article [[Donald Trump]], a page you created or significantly contributed to, has been marked as a Featured Article for the Tumbuka Wikipedia. The performer, [[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]], left the following message: ''I think the article has Featured Article potential, and I have already added the badge. This article is amazing! Please let me know if you object.'' Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 07:11, 5 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]] Thanks, and I agree. [[user:Tumbuka Arch|<span style='color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #191970;'>'''''Tumbuka Arch'''''</span>]][[user talk:Tumbuka Arch|'''<span style='color: #B20000;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>^★_★^★</span>''']] 19:19, 5 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) == Help page on iowiki in Tumbuka == Hi @[[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]]. I've been going crosswiki editing and creating Tumbuka-language tutorials (sorry, don't know how to phrase it better). [[:io:Helpo:ChiTumbuka|Tell me what you think of this.]] Please fix any errors you spot there. Yewo chomene. '''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 05:32, 11 Sekutembala 2026 (UTC) 7ntn3jufy7fi5q973mghgquab28vx9b 0 12135 121895 31974 2026-09-11T02:44:42Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chalo|chalo=Republic of the Congo|msumba ukulu=[[Brazzaville]]|ndalama=Central African CFA franc|ukulu wa malo=342,000 km2 (132,000 sq mi)|ŵanthu=5,657,000 (2021)|chiyowoyelo=French|bendera=Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg}} '''Republic of the Congo''' ([[French]]: République du Congo, [[Kituba]]: Repubilika ya Kôngo), kweneso kumanyikwaso nakuti [[Congo-Brazzaville]], the [[Congo Republic]] panji waka Congo, ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi mumphepete mwa chilwa cha Afilika cha Pakati mpaka ku majililo gha dazi gha [[dambo la Congo]]. {{Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] iaf4017vyvqm9ds8in152e65ly6e51o 121896 121895 2026-09-11T02:45:02Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chalo|chalo=Republic of the Congo|msumba ukulu=[[Brazzaville]]|ndalama=Central African CFA franc|ukulu wa malo=342,000 km2 (132,000 sq mi)|ŵanthu=5,657,000 (2021)|chiyowoyelo=French|bendera=Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg}} '''Republic of the Congo''' ([[French]]: République du Congo, [[Kituba]]: Repubilika ya Kôngo), kweneso kumanyikwaso nakuti [[Congo-Brazzaville]], the [[Congo Republic]] panji waka Congo, ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi mumphepete mwa chilwa cha Afilika cha Pakati mpaka ku majililo gha dazi gha [[dambo la Congo]]. {{Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}| ]] lo0gorn9czsc16mkpbr24rpow6phepn 121905 121896 2026-09-11T04:10:23Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chalo|chalo=Republic of the Congo|msumba ukulu=[[Brazzaville]]|ndalama=Central African CFA franc|ukulu wa malo=342,000 km2 (132,000 sq mi)|ŵanthu=5,657,000 (2021)|chiyowoyelo=ChiFrench|bendera=Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg}} '''Republic of the Congo''' ([[ChiFrench]]: République du Congo, [[Kituba]]: Repubilika ya Kôngo), kweneso kumanyikwaso nakuti [[Congo-Brazzaville]], the [[Congo Republic]] panji waka Congo, ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi mumphepete mwa chilwa cha Afilika cha Pakati mpaka ku majililo gha dazi gha [[dambo la Congo]]. Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na mafuko ghakuyowoya Chibantu pafupifupi vyaka 3,000 ivyo vyajumpha, awo ŵakazenga nthowa za malonda izo zikaŵanga mu chigaŵa cha [[Mronga Congo|Mlonga wa Congo]]. Kufuma mu vilimika vya m’ma 1200, chigaŵa icho chilipo mazuŵa ghano chikaŵa na mgwirizano uwo ukalongozgekanga na Vungu uwo ukaŵa na Kakongo na Ngoyo. Ufumu wa Tio ukawoneka mu vilimika vya m’ma 1300, ndipo Loango ukawoneka mu vilimika vya m’ma 1500. Kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m’ma 1800, [[France]] wakapoka chigaŵa ichi na kuchisazga ku Afilika wa Equatorial wa ku France.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210109222956/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-republic-of-the</ref> Republic of the Congo yikakhazikiska pa 28 Novembala 1958 ndipo yikapokera wanangwa ku France mu 1960. Wakaŵa boma la Marxist-Leninist kufuma mu 1969 mpaka 1992, pasi pa zina lakuti [[People's Republic of the Congo]] (PRC). Pamanyuma pakuti ŵasankha vipani vinandi mu 1992, boma ilo likasankhika na demokilase likawuskikapo pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya ŵantu ŵaŵene, ndipo pamanyuma pake [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]], uyo pakwamba wakaŵa pulezidenti kufuma mu 1979 m’paka 1992, wakawelera ku udindo wake mu 1997. Wakhalapo pulezidenti kwananga. Chikhristu ndicho chikugomezga chomene mu charu ichi. Kuyana na Lipoti la Chimwemwe pa Charu Chose ilo likalembeka mu 2024, Republic of the Congo yili pa nambara 89 pakati pa vyaru 140.<ref>https://worldhappiness.report/news/world-happiness-report-2024-most-comprehensive-picture-yet-of-happiness-across-generations/#:~:text=Afghanistan%20remains%20bottom%20of%20the,widely%20from%20the%20overall%20rankings</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} {{Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}| ]] o24iegmckj6sftcxo4fwqakl6v53amc 0 20519 121891 120843 2026-09-11T02:33:15Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Niger-Congo language originating in parts of Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania}} {{good article}} {{Infobox language | name = ChiTumbuka | nativename = ''tumbuka'' | states = [[Malawi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] | region = | speakers = 7 miliyoni | date = 2022 | ref = | familycolor = Niger-Congo | fam2 = [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]] | fam3 = [[Volta-Congo]] | fam4 = [[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]] | fam5 = [[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]] | fam6 = [[Southern Bantoid]] | fam7 = [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ([[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone N|Zone N]]) | fam8 = [[Nyasa languages|Nyasa]] | iso2 = tum | iso3 = tum | glotto = tumb1250 | glottorefname = Tumbuka | script = {{Plainlist}} * [[Latin script]] ([[Roman alphabet]]) * [[Mwangwego script]] {{endplainlist}} | minority = {{plainlist}} * {{flag|Malawi}} * {{flag|Zambia}} * {{flag|Tanzania}} {{endplainlist}} | image = The Gonapamuhanya festival 2025.jpg | imagecaption = Msonkhano wa chikhalidwe cha ChiTumbuka cha chikondwerero cha Gonapamuhanya cha ŵanthu ŵa chiTumbuka | guthrie = N.21 | lingua = [http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=99-AUS-wc 99-AUS-wc] (+ chi-Kamanga) <br>incl. varieties 99-AUS-wca...-wcl }} '''ChiTumbuka''' ntchiyowoyero cha [[ŴaTumbuka|ŵanthu]] ŵa mtundu wachi [[Bantu]] icho chikuyowoyeka mu [[Malaŵi]], [[Zambia]], na [[Tanzania]].<ref name="Michigan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123103050/http://africa.isp.msu.edu/afrlang/Tumbuka_root.html Michigan State University African Studies Center information page].</ref> Lizgu ili likumanyikwaso kuti Chitumbuka panji Citumbuka. Chi- icho chili kunthazi kwa Tumbuka chikung'anamura "mu nthowa ya", ndipo apa likung'anamura "chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa Tumbuka". ChiTumbuka chili mu chiyowoyero chimoza na [[ChiCheŵa|Chichewa]] na [[ChiSena|Sena]].<ref>Kiso (2012), pp.21ff.</ref> Buku linyake ([[The World Almanac]]) likuti mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,080,000. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka, nangauli ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵalipo ŵachoko chomene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka ŵakukhala mu Malaŵi.<ref name="Michigan" /> ChiTumbuka ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene kumpoto kwa Malawi, chomenechomene mu vigaŵa vya [[Rumphi]], [[Mzuzu]], na [[Mzimba]].<ref>University of Malawi (2006) Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi.</ref> Pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa ciyowoyero ca chiTumbuka ico cikuyowoyeka mu misumba ya ku Malawi (ico cili na mazgu ghanyake kufuma ku [[Chiswahili|Ciswahili]] na Chichewa) na ciyowoyero ca chiTumbuka ico cikuyowoyeka mu mizi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti chiyowoyero cha Rumphi ndicho ntchakutowa chomene.<ref>Kamwendo (2004), p.282.</ref> Chiyowoyero cha ku Mzimba chikakhwaskika chomene na chiNgoni ([[ChiZulu|Zulu]]). Kwamba kale, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka na Chichewa. Ndipouli, ciyowoyero ca Tumbuka cikasuzgika comene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Pulezidenti [[Hastings Kamuzu Banda]], cifukwa mu 1968 cifukwa ca fundo yake yakuti paŵe mtundu umoza na ciyowoyero cimoza, ciyowoyero ici cikaleka kuŵa ca boma mu Malawi. Ntheura, mu masukulu, pa wayilesi, na mu manyuzipepara ŵakafumiskamo ciyowoyero ici.<ref>Kamwendo (2004), p.278.</ref> Mu 1994, apo boma la Tumbuka likamba kulamulira na vipani vinandi, ŵakambaso kutegherezga maungano gha pa wayilesi. Kweni mabuku na mabuku ghanyake ghakaŵa ghanandi yayi.<ref>See Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), pp.38-40 for a list of publications.</ref> == Malembelo == [[File:WIKITONGUES-Temwa_Speaking_Tumbuka_-_free_to_use_file_under_Wikipedia_policies.webm|thumb|326x326px|Temwa wakuyowoya ChiTumbuka.]] Pali nthowa ziŵiri zakulembera chiTumbuka izo zikugwiliskirika nchito: kalembero ka kaluso (kakulembeka mu [[Baibolo]] la Chitumbuka la [[Wikipediya|Wikipedia]] na mu [[nyuzipepara y]]<nowiki/>a Fuko), umo mazgu gha banthu 'ŵanthu' na chaka 'chaka' ghakulembeka na 'b' na 'ch', na kalembero ka kaluso (kakulembeka mu dikishonare ya Citumbuka iyo yikufumiskika pa [[Intaneti]] na Centre for Language Studies na mu Baibolo la pa Intaneti), umo mazgu ghakulembeka na 'ŵ' na 'c', nga ŵanthu na caka. (Sumu ya 'ŵ' ni [w] yakuzingilizgika makora iyo yikuzunulika na lulimi pafupi na i).<ref>Atkins, Guy (1950) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156786 "Suggestions for an Amended Spelling and Word Division of Nyanja"] ''Africa: Journal of the International African Institute'', Vol. 20, No. 3, p.205.</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakumanya yayi apo ŵakwenera kulemba 'r' na 'l', nga ni cakulya ([[Dikishonare]]) panji cakurya (Baibolo) 'chakurya.' (Nadi, [l] na [r] ni mazgu ghakupambanapambana gha chiyowoyero chimoza.) Kweniso pali kukayikira pakati pa mazgu ghakuti'sk' na'sy' (miskombe na misyombe ('bamboo') ghali mu dikishonare ya Citumbuka).<ref>See entries {{lang|tum|citatanga}}, {{lang|tum|cidunga}}, {{lang|tum|cihengo}}.</ref> == Kuyowoya mazgu == === Mavowele === Mu chiyowoyero cha Tumbuka muli mazgu ghakuyana waka nga ni /a/, /ɛ/, /i/, /ɔ/, /u/ na /m̩/ aghoso ghali mu [[Chichewa]].<ref>Vail (1972), p. 1.</ref> [[File:Monile.ogg|thumb|Kutauzgana mu ChiTumbuka.]] === Makonsonanti === Malizga gha chiyowoyero cha Tumbuka ghakuyana waka na gha Chichewa, kweni ghakupambana. Mu chiyowoyero cha Chichewa mulije mazgu ghakuti /ɣ/, /β/, na /h/. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kupulika mazgu agho ghakufuma mu mulomo {{IPA|/vʲ/}}, {{IPA|/fʲ/}}, {{IPA|/bʲ/}}, {{IPA|/pʲ/}}, {{IPA|/skʲ/}}, {{IPA|/zgʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/ɽʲ/}}. Mu chiTumbuka mulije vilembo vya Chichewa nga ni /psj/, /bzj/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/. Mazgu gha /s/ na /z/ ghakusangika yayi mu ChiTumbuka, ntheura Chewa nsómba ('somba') = Tumbuka somba. Lizgu lakuti /ʃ/ likusangika mu mazgu gha ku vyaru vinyake pera nga ni shati ('shati') na shuga ('shuga'). ChiTumbuka /?? / nyengo zinyake chikuyana na Chichewa /d/, chiChewa kudwala 'kuŵa mulwari' = Tumbuka kulwala, Chichewa kudya 'kurya' = Tumbuka kulya. Kuyowoya kwa lizgu lakuti "sk" na lizgu lakuti "zg" vikupambana kuyana na chiyowoyero. Makonsonanti gha Tumbuka kanandi ghakusangika mu viyowoyero vinyake. Vinyake vingalembeka pambere chindindindi chindambe kufuma. Pa chithuzithuzi ichi, pali mazgu agho ghangaŵa pa chilembo ichi: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Malembo gha Tumbuka<ref>Chavula (2016), pp. 11–13.</ref><ref>Vail (1972), pp. 4–19.</ref> ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |[[Labial consonant|labial]] ! colspan="3" |[[Dental consonant|dental]] ! colspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|palatal]] ! colspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|velar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|glottal]] |- !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> !<small>pal.</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> !<small>pal.</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|nasal]] |ma<br />{{IPAslink|m}} |mwa<br />{{IPAslink|mʷ}} |mya<br />{{IPAslink|mʲ}} |na<br />{{IPAslink|n}} |nwa<br />{{IPAslink|nʷ}} |nya<br />{{IPAslink|nʲ}} | | |ng'a<br />{{IPAslink|ŋ}} |ng'wa<br />{{IPAslink|ŋʷ}} | |- ! rowspan="5" |[[plosive]]/<br />[[affricate]] !<small>unvoiced</small> |pa<br />{{IPAslink|p}} |pwa<br />{{IPAslink|pʷ}} |pya<br />{{IPAslink|pʲ}} |ta<br />{{IPAslink|t}} |twa<br />{{IPAslink|tʷ}} |tya<br />{{IPAslink|tʲ}} |ca<br />{{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} |cwa<br />{{IPAslink|t͡ʃʷ}} |ka<br />{{IPAslink|k}} |kwa<br />{{IPAslink|kʷ}} | |- !<small>voiced</small> |ba<br />{{IPAslink|ɓ}} |bwa<br />{{IPAslink|ɓʷ}} |bya<br />{{IPAslink|bʲ}} |da<br />{{IPAslink|ɗ}} |dwa<br />{{IPAslink|ɗʷ}} |dya<br />{{IPAslink|ɗʲ}} |ja<br />{{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}} |jwa<br />{{IPAslink|d͡ʒʷ}} |ga<br />{{IPAslink|g}} |gwa<br />{{IPAslink|gʷ}} | |- !<small>aspirated</small> |pha<br />{{IPAslink|pʰ}} |phwa<br />{{IPAslink|pʷʰ}} |phya<br />{{IPAslink|pʲʰ}} |tha<br />{{IPAslink|tʰ}} |thwa<br />{{IPAslink|tʷʰ}} |thya<br />{{IPAslink|tʲʰ}} |cha<br />{{IPAslink|t͡ʃʰ}} | |kha<br />{{IPAslink|kʰ}} |khwa<br />{{IPAslink|kʷʰ}} | |- !<small>nasalised</small> |mba<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐb}} |mbwa<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐbʷ}} |mbya<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐbʲ}} |nda<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿd}} |ndwa<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿdʷ}} |(ndya){{efn|Only in the word {{lang|tum|ndyali}}.}}<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿdʲ}} |nja<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿd͡ʒ}} | |nga<br />{{IPAslink|ᵑg}} |ngwa<br />{{IPAslink|ᵑgʷ}} | |- !<small>nasalised<br />aspirated</small> |mpha<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐpʰ}} |mphwa<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐpʷʰ}} |mphya<br />{{IPAslink|ᵐpʲʰ}} |ntha<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿtʰ}} |nthwa<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿtʷʰ}} |(nthya)<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿtʲʰ}} |ncha<br />{{IPAslink|ⁿt͡ʃʰ}} | |nkha<br />{{IPAslink|ᵑkʰ}} |nkhwa<br />{{IPAslink|ᵑkʷʰ}} | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[fricative]] !<small>unvoiced</small> |fa<br />{{IPAslink|f}} |fwa<br />{{IPAslink|fʷ}} |fya<br />{{IPAslink|fʲ}} |sa<br />{{IPAslink|s}} |swa<br />{{IPAslink|sʷ}} |ska (sya)<br />{{IPAslink|sʲ}} |(sha)<br />{{IPAslink|ʃ}} | | | |ha<br />{{IPAslink|h}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |va<br />{{IPAslink|v}} |vwa<br />{{IPAslink|vʷ}} |vya<br />{{IPAslink|vʲ}} |za<br />{{IPAslink|z}} |zwa<br />{{IPAslink|zʷ}} |zga<br />{{IPAslink|zʲ}} | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[semivowel]]/ [[Liquid consonant|liquid]] |ŵa<br />{{IPAslink|β}} |wa<br />{{IPAslink|w}} | |la/ra<br />{{IPAslink|ɽ}} |lwa/rwa<br />{{IPAslink|ɽʷ}} |lya/rya<br />{{IPAslink|ɽʲ}} |ya<br />{{IPAslink|j}} | |gha<br />{{IPAslink|ɣ}} | | |} {{notelist}} === Kapulikikilo === Kupambana kukuru pakati pa Chichewa na Chitumbuka nkhwa kuti Chichewa ni chiyowoyero icho chikuyowoya mazgu ghakupambanapambana. ChiTumbuka chili na mazgu ghakupambanapambana, chifukwa lizgu lililose ilo likuyowoyeka payekha likuyana waka na lizgu lakwamba ilo likufuma pa lizgu laumaliro.<ref>Downing (2008, 2012).</ref> Ntheura, mu Citumbuka nchambura macitiko kupambaniska mazgu ghaŵiri ghakupambanapambana, nga umo vikuŵira mu Chichewa na viyowoyero vinyake vya Bantu. Ndipouli, lizgu laumaliro yayi ndilo likuŵa pa lizgu lililose, kweni lizgu laumaliro pera:<ref>Downing (2012), p.123.</ref> * {{lang|tum|ti-ku-phika sî:ma}} 'tikuphika sima' A greater variety of tonal patterns is found in the [[Ideophone|ideophones]] (expressive words) of Tumbuka; for example Low ({{lang|tum|yoyoyo}} 'disintegrating into small pieces'), High ({{lang|tum|fyá:}} 'swooping low (of birds)'), High-Low ({{lang|tum|phúli}} 'sound of thing bursting'), and Low-High ({{lang|tum|yií}} 'sudden disappearance'), etc.<ref>Moto (1999), pp.112-120.</ref> Intonational tones are also used in Tumbuka; for example, in yes-no questions there is often a High-Low fall on the final syllable of the question:<ref>Downing (2008), p.55.</ref> * {{lang|tum|ku-limirâ-so ngô:mâ?}} 'are you also weeding the maize?' There does not seem to be any consistent, direct correlation between tone in Tumbuka and [[Focus (linguistics)|focus]].<ref>Downing (2012), p.129.</ref> == Mazina == === Makilasi gha manoun === Nga umo vikuŵira na viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu, mazina gha ChiTumbuka ghakupangika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana kuyana na vigaŵa vya mazina. Lizgu lililose lili na lizgu lake lakwimira, lizgu lakwimira, na lizgu la chiyowoyero. Para pali mphindano pakati pa mazgu agha na mazgu ghakwambilira, mazgu agha ndigho ghakuŵa pakwamba pakusankha zina. Mwaciyelezgero, lizgu lakuti katundu 'vinthu,' nangauli lili na lizgu lakuti ka-, lili mu gulu 1, cifukwa munthu wakuyowoya katundu uyu 'vinthu ivi' na lizgu lakuti uyu. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Malaŵi (nga umo viliri mu dikishonare ya Citumbuka ya pa Yunivesite ya Malawi) ŵakuzunura mazina gha viŵaro mu viyowoyero vinyake nga ni "Mu-Ŵa-"; kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakuzunura viŵaro mu manambara (1/2 etc.) agho ghakuyana na viŵaro vya viŵaro mu viyowoyero vinyake vya ku Bantu. Nyengo zinyake mazina ghakukolerana yayi na magulu ghakulondezgapo agha, nga ni fumu'mukuru' (kalasi 9) uyo wali na mazina ghanandi mu kilasi 6. '''Class 1/2 (Mu-Ŵa-)''' Some nouns in this class lack the prefix Mu-: * {{lang|tum|Munthu}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵanthu (banthu)}} = person * {{lang|tum|Muzungu}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵazungu (bazungu)}} = foreigner, white man * {{lang|tum|Mwana}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵana (bana)}} = child * {{lang|tum|Bulu}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵabulu}} = donkey * {{lang|tum|Sibweni}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵasibweni}} = maternal uncle * {{lang|tum|Katundu}} (no pl.) = goods, possessions '''Class 3/4 (Mu-Mi-)''' * {{lang|tum|Mutu}} pl. {{lang|tum|mitu}} = head * {{lang|tum|Mkuyu}} pl. {{lang|tum|mikuyu}} = fig-tree * {{lang|tum|Moyo}} pl. {{lang|tum|miyoyo}} = life * {{lang|tum|Mtima}} pl. {{lang|tum|mitima}} = heart '''Class 5/6 (Li-Ma-)''' * {{lang|tum|Bele (bhele}} pl. {{lang|tum|mabele (mabhele)}} = breast * {{lang|tum|Boma (bhoma)}} pl. {{lang|tum|maboma (mabhoma)}} = government, district * {{lang|tum|Botolo (bhotolo)}} pl. {{lang|tum|mabotolo (mabhotolo)}} = bottle * {{lang|tum|Fuko}} pl. {{lang|tum|mafuko}} = tribe, nation * {{lang|tum|Jiso}} pl. {{lang|tum|maso}} = eye * {{lang|tum|Maji}} (no singular) = water * {{lang|tum|Phiri}} pl. {{lang|tum|mapiri}} = hill * {{lang|tum|Suzgo}} pl. {{lang|tum|masuzgo}} = problem, trouble * {{lang|tum|Woko}} pl. {{lang|tum|mawoko}} = hand '''Class 7/8 (Ci-Vi-)''' * {{lang|tum|Caka (chaka)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vyaka}} = year * {{lang|tum|Caro (charo)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vyaro}} = country, land * {{lang|tum|Ciŵeto (chibeto)}} pl. {{lang|tum|viŵeto (vibeto)}} = farm animal * {{lang|tum|Cidakwa (chidakwa)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vidakwa}} = drunkard * {{lang|tum|Cikoti (chikoti)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vikoti}} = whip '''Class 9/10 (Yi-Zi-)''' * {{lang|tum|Mbale}} pl. {{lang|tum|mbale (mambale)}} = plate * {{lang|tum|Ndalama}} pl. {{lang|tum|ndalama}} = money * {{lang|tum|Njelwa}} pl. {{lang|tum|njelwa}} = brick * {{lang|tum|Nkhuku}} pl. {{lang|tum|nkhuku}} = chicken * {{lang|tum|Somba}} pl. {{lang|tum|somba}} = fish '''Class 11 (Lu-)''' Some speakers treat words in this class as if they were in class 5/6.<ref>Shiozaki (2004).</ref> * {{lang|tum|Lwande}} = side * {{lang|tum|Lumbiri}} = fame * {{lang|tum|Lulimi}} = tongue '''Class 12/13 (Ka-Tu-)''' * {{lang|tum|Kanthu (kantu)}} pl. {{lang|tum|tunthu (tuntu)}} = small thing * {{lang|tum|Kamwana}} pl. {{lang|tum|tuŵana (tubana)}} = baby * {{lang|tum|Kayuni}} pl. {{lang|tum|tuyuni}} = bird * {{lang|tum|Tulo}} (no singular) = sleep '''Class 14/6 (U-Ma-)''' These nouns are frequently abstract and have no plural. * {{lang|tum|Usiku}} = night * {{lang|tum|Ulimi}} = farming * {{lang|tum|Ulalo}} pl. {{lang|tum|maulalo}} = bridge * {{lang|tum|Uta}} pl. {{lang|tum|mauta}} = bow '''Class 15 (Ku-) Infinitive''' * {{lang|tum|Kugula}} = to buy, buying * {{lang|tum|Kwiba (kwibha)}} = to steal, stealing '''Classes 16, 17, 18 (Pa-, Ku-, Mu-) Locative''' * {{lang|tum|Pasi}} = underneath * {{lang|tum|Kunthazi (kuntazi)}} = in front, before * {{lang|tum|Mukati}} = inside === Concords === Viyezgo, vimanyikwiro, manambara, mazgu ghakupambanapambana, na vimanyikwiro mu Chitumbuka vikwenera kukolerana na lizgu ilo likuyowoyeka. Ŵakuchita nthena na vilembo vyakwambilira, vyakunthazi, panji vyakunthazi ivyo vikuchemeka 'concords.' Mtundu 1 uli na viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana, nga ni mazina ghakwimira vinthu, mazgu ghakwamba, mazgu ghaumaliro, manambara, vimanyikwiro, na mazgu ghaumaliro:<ref>Chase (2004).</ref><ref>Shiozaki (2004)</ref><ref>Vail (1971).</ref> * {{lang|tum|Mwana u'''yu'''}} = this child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''yu'''moza}} = one child * {{lang|tum|Mwana u'''yo'''}} = that child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''yo'''se}} = the whole child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''li'''yo'''se}} = every child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''ka'''mu'''wona}} = the child saw him * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''mu'''choko (coko)}} = the small child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa''' Khumbo}} = Khumbo's child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''ne}} = my child * {{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''wona}} = the child has seen Makilasi ghanyake gha manoun ghali na mitundu yichoko ya vimanyikwiro vyakukolerana, nga umo tingawonera pa thebulu ilo lili musi umu: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px; height: 200px;" |+Table of Tumbuka concords ! !noun !English !this !num !that !all !subj !object !adj !of !perf |- !1 |{{lang|tum|mwana}} |child |{{lang|tum|uyu}} |''yu-'' |{{lang|tum|uyo}} |{{lang|tum|yose}} |''wa-'' |''-mu-'' |''mu-'' |{{lang|tum|wa}} |''wa-'' |- !2 |{{lang|tum|ŵana}} |children |{{lang|tum|aŵa}} |''ŵa-'' |{{lang|tum|awo}} |{{lang|tum|wose}} |''ŵa-'' |''-ŵa-'' |''ŵa-'' |{{lang|tum|ŵa}} |''ŵa-'' |- !3 |{{lang|tum|mutu}} |head |{{lang|tum|uwu}} |''wu-'' |{{lang|tum|uwo}} |{{lang|tum|wose}} |''wu-'' | -''wu-'' |''wu-'' |{{lang|tum|wa}} |''wa-'' |- !4 |{{lang|tum|mitu}} |heads |{{lang|tum|iyi}} |''yi-'' |{{lang|tum|iyo}} |{{lang|tum|yose}} |''yi-'' |''-yi-'' |''yi-'' |{{lang|tum|ya}} |''ya-'' |- !5 |{{lang|tum|jiso}} |eye |{{lang|tum|ili}} |''li-'' |{{lang|tum|ilo}} |{{lang|tum|lose}} |''li-'' |''-li-'' |''li-'' |{{lang|tum|la}} |''la-'' |- !6 |{{lang|tum|maso}} |eyes |{{lang|tum|agha}} |''gha-'' |{{lang|tum|agho}} |{{lang|tum|ghose}} |''gha-'' |''-gha-'' |''gha-'' |{{lang|tum|gha}} |''gha-'' |- !7 |{{lang|tum|caka}} |year |{{lang|tum|ici}} |''ci-'' |{{lang|tum|ico}} |{{lang|tum|cose}} |''ci-'' |''-ci-'' |''ci-'' |{{lang|tum|ca}} |''ca-'' |- !8 |{{lang|tum|vyaka}} |years |{{lang|tum|ivi}} |''vi-'' |{{lang|tum|ivyo}} |{{lang|tum|vyose}} |''vi-'' |''-vi-'' |''vi-'' |{{lang|tum|vya}} |''vya-'' |- !9 |{{lang|tum|nyumba}} |house |{{lang|tum|iyi}} |''yi-'' |{{lang|tum|iyo}} |{{lang|tum|yose}} |''yi-'' |''-yi-'' |''yi-'' |{{lang|tum|ya}} |''ya-'' |- !10 |{{lang|tum|nyumba}} |houses |{{lang|tum|izi}} |''zi-'' |{{lang|tum|izo}} |{{lang|tum|zose}} |''zi-'' |''-zi-'' |''zi-'' |{{lang|tum|za}} |''za-'' |- !11 |{{lang|tum|lwande}} |side |{{lang|tum|ulu}} |''lu-'' |{{lang|tum|ulo}} |{{lang|tum|lose}} |''lu-'' |''-lu-'' |''lu-'' |{{lang|tum|lwa}} |''lwa-'' |- ! | |(or: |{{lang|tum|ili}} |''li-'' |{{lang|tum|ilo}} |{{lang|tum|lose}} |''li-'' |''-li-'' |''li-'' |{{lang|tum|la}} |''la-'') |- !12 |{{lang|tum|kayuni}} |bird |{{lang|tum|aka}} |''ka-'' |{{lang|tum|ako}} |{{lang|tum|kose}} |''ka-'' |''-ka-'' |''ka-'' |{{lang|tum|ka}} |''ka-'' |- !13 |{{lang|tum|tuyuni}} |birds |{{lang|tum|utu}} |''tu-'' |{{lang|tum|uto}} |{{lang|tum|tose}} |''tu-'' |''-tu-'' |''tu-'' |{{lang|tum|twa}} |''twa-'' |- !14 |{{lang|tum|uta}} |bow |{{lang|tum|uwu}} |''wu''- |{{lang|tum|uwo}} |{{lang|tum|wose}} |''wu-'' |''-wu-'' |''wu-'' |{{lang|tum|wa}} |''wa-'' |- !15 |{{lang|tum|kugula}} |buying |{{lang|tum|uku}} |''ku-'' |{{lang|tum|uko}} |{{lang|tum|kose}} |''ku-'' |''-ku-'' |''ku-'' |{{lang|tum|kwa}} |''kwa-'' |- !16 |{{lang|tum|pasi}} |underneath |{{lang|tum|apa}} |''pa-'' |{{lang|tum|apo}} |{{lang|tum|pose}} |''pa-'' |''-pa-'' |''pa-'' |{{lang|tum|pa}} |''pa-'' |- !17 |{{lang|tum|kunthazi}} |in front |{{lang|tum|uku}} |''ku-'' |{{lang|tum|uko}} |{{lang|tum|kose}} |''ku-'' |''-ku-'' |''ku-'' |{{lang|tum|kwa}} |''kwa-'' |- !18 |{{lang|tum|mukati}} |inside |{{lang|tum|umu}} |''mu-'' |{{lang|tum|umo}} |{{lang|tum|mose}} |''mu-'' |''-mu-'' |''mu-'' |{{lang|tum|mwa}} |''mwa-'' |- |} == Viyelezgero vya mazgu na malemba == Mazgu agha ndigho munthu wangayowoya para wakuluta ku chigaŵa icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Tumbuka !Chizungu |- |Moni |Hello |- |Monile |hello, to a group of people |- |Muli makola? Mwaŵa uli? |how are you? |- |Muli makola? Mwaŵa uli? |How are you?, to a group of people |- |Nili makola |I'm okay |- |Tili makola |We're okay |- |Naonga (chomene) |Thank you (a lot) |- |Yewo (chomene) |Thanks (a lot) |- |Ndiwe njani zina lako? |What is your name? |- |Zina lane ndine.... |My name is.... |- |Nyengo ili uli? |What is the time? |- |Ningakuvwila? |Can I help you? |- |Uyende makola |Goodbye/go well/safe travels |- |Mwende makola |Goodbye/go well/safe travels (said to a group of people) |- |Enya/ Eh |Yes |- |Yayi/Chala |No |- |Kwali |I don't know |- |Mukumanya kuyowoya Chizungu? |Can you speak English? |- |Nayambapo kusambilila ChiTumbuka |I've just started learning Tumbuka |- |Mukung'anamula vichi? |What do you mean? |- |Chonde, ningaluta kubafa? |May I please go to the bathroom? |- |Nakutemwa/Nkhukutemwa |"I love you" |- |Phepa |Sorry |- |Phepani |Sorry (to agroup of people) |- |Banja |Family |- |Yowoya |Talk/speak |} == Verbs == === Subject prefix === Viyezgo vyose vikwenera kuŵa na lizgu lakunjilira ilo likuyana na lizgu lakunjilira. Mwaciyerezgero, lizgu lakuti ciŵinda'muthondo' lili mu gulu la 7, ntheura usange ni munthu, verebu ili lili na c-: : {{lang|tum|ciŵinda '''ci'''-ka-koma nkhalamu}} = 'the hunter killed a lion'<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 42.</ref> It is also possible for the subject to be a locative noun (classes 16, 17, 18), in which case the verb has a locative prefix:<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 23.</ref> : {{lang|tum|pamphasa '''pa'''-ka-khala mwana}} = 'on the mat there sat down a child' The locative prefix ''ku-'' (class 17) is also used impersonally when discussing the weather:<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 24.</ref> : {{lang|tum|'''ku'''kuzizima madazi ghano}} = 'it's cold these days' When the subject is a personal pronoun, the subject prefixes are as follows (the pronoun itself may be omitted, but not the subject prefix): : {{lang|tum|(ine) '''n'''-kha-gula}} = 'I bought' (''nkha-'' stands for ''ni-ka-'') : {{lang|tum|(iwe) '''u'''-ka-gula}} = 'you bought' (informal, singular) : {{lang|tum|(iyo)<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 23. But Kishindo et al. (2018), s.v. {{lang|tum|iye}}, have {{lang|tum|iye}}.</ref> '''wa'''-ka-gula}} = 'he, she bought' : {{lang|tum|(ise) '''ti'''-ka-gula}} = 'we bought' : {{lang|tum|(imwe) '''mu'''-ka-gula}} = 'you bought' (plural or respectful) : {{lang|tum|(iwo) '''ŵa'''-ka-gula}} = 'they bought', 'he/she bought' (plural or respectful) In the perfect tense, these are shortened to {{lang|tum|n-a-, w-a-, w-a-, t-a-, mw-a-, ŵ-a-}}, e.g. {{lang|tum|t-a-gula}} 'we have bought'. In [[Karonga]] dialect, in the 3rd person singular ''a-'' is found instead of ''wa-'', and the 3rd plural is ''wa-'' instead of ''ŵa-'', except in the perfect tense, when ''wa-'' and ''ŵa-'' are used.<ref>McNicholl (2010), pp. 7–8.</ref> === Object-marker === To indicate the object, an infix can be added to the verb immediately before the verb root. Generally speaking, the object-marker is optional:<ref>Chavula (2016), pp. 51–64.</ref> : {{lang|tum|Pokani wa('''yi''')gula galimoto}} = 'Pokani has bought a car' (class 9) : {{lang|tum|Changa waka('''mu''')nyamula katundu}} = 'Changa carried the luggage' (class 1) The object-marker agrees with the class of the object, as shown on the table of concords above. The object-marker can also be a locative (classes 16, 17, or 18):<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 56.</ref> : {{lang|tum|Kondwani wa('''pa''')kwera pa nyumba}} = 'Kondwani has climbed on top of the house' The locative markers for personal pronouns are as follows:<ref>Chavula (2016), pp. 53–4.</ref> : {{lang|tum|wa'''ni'''ona (ine)}} = 'he has seen me' : {{lang|tum|wa'''ku'''ona (iwe)}} = 'he has seen you' : {{lang|tum|wa'''mu'''ona}} = 'he has seen him/her' : {{lang|tum|wa'''ti'''ona}} = 'he has seen us' : {{lang|tum|wa'''mu'''ona'''ni'''}} = 'he has seen you' (plural or respectful) : {{lang|tum|wa'''ŵa'''ona}} = 'he has seen them' === Tenses === Tenses in Tumbuka are made partly by adding infixes, and partly by suffixes. Unlike Chichewa, tones do not form any part of the distinction between one tense and another. In the past a distinction is made between hodiernal tenses (referring to events of today) and remote tenses (referring to events of yesterday or some time ago). However, the boundary between recent and remote is not exact.<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 176.</ref> Pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa nyengo iyo yajumpha na nyengo iyo yajumpha. Para munthu wakuyowoya mu nyengo yakufikapo, wakuyowoya kuti vinthu vicali makora, nga ni para wakuti: 'Vikondamoyo vyatandazgika mu munda.' Para munthu wakuyowoya lizgu lakuti ndakhala, wakung'anamura kuti "Nkhukhala" panji ndakondwa. Chizindikiro cha kutali chikugwiliskirika nchito pa vinthu ivyo vikacitika kale comene kweni ivyo vikucitika mazuŵa ghano, nga ni libwe lilikuwa 'libwe lawira' panji walikutayika 'wali kufwa.'<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 171, 178.</ref><ref>Kiso (2012), p. 171, quoting Vail (1972).</ref> Nyengo zakunthazi nazo zikupambaniska pakati pa vyakuchitika vyapafupi na vyakutali. Vinyake vikulongora kuti cakucitika ici cizamucitikira kunyake, nga ni ndamukuchezga 'Nizamuluta kukacezga.'<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 184, quoting Vail (1972).</ref> Compound tenses are also found in Tumbuka, such as {{lang|tum|wati wagona}} 'he had slept', {{lang|tum|wakaŵa kuti wafumapo}} 'he had just left' and {{lang|tum|wazamukuŵa waguliska}} 'he will have sold'.<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 172, 182, 184, quoting Vail (1972).</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |+Some Tumbuka tenses<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 163–192.</ref> !Tense !Tense marker !Example !Translation |- !Present infinitive |ku- |{{lang|tum|'''ku'''-luta}} |‘to go' |- ! |- !Present simple | -ku- |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ku'''-luta}} |‘he/she goes/is going’ |- !Present habitual | -ku-...-anga |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ku'''-lut-'''anga'''}} |‘he/she goes’ (some speakers only) |- ! |- !Present perfect | -a- |{{lang|tum|w-'''a'''-luta}} |‘he/she has gone’ |- !Present perfect continuous | -a-...-anga |{{lang|tum|w-'''a'''-lut-'''anga'''}} |‘he/she has been going' |- !Remote perfect | -liku- |{{lang|tum|wa-'''liku'''-luta}} |‘he/she has gone’ |- ! |- !Recent past simple | -angu- |{{lang|tum|w-'''angu'''-luta}} |‘he/she went’ (today) |- !Recent past continuous | -angu-...-anga |{{lang|tum|w-'''angu'''-lut-'''anga'''}} |‘he/she was going' (today) |- !Remote past simple | -ka- |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-luta}} |‘he/she went’ |- !Remote past continuous | -ka-...-anga |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-lut-'''anga'''}} |‘he/she was going/used to go' |- ! |- ![[Near future (grammar)|Near future]] |...-enge |{{lang|tum|wa-lut-'''enge'''}} |'he will go' (now or today) |- !Emphatic future<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 183, quoting Vail (1972).</ref> | -ti-...-enge |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ti'''-lut-'''enge'''}} |'he will certainly go' |- !Distal future<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 184, 185, quoting Vail (1972). For the term 'distal', see Botne (1999).</ref> | -amu-(ku)- |{{lang|tum|w-'''amuku'''-gula}} |‘he/she will buy’ (elsewhere) |- !Remote future | -zamu-(ku)- |{{lang|tum|wa-'''zamu'''-luta}} |‘he/she will go’ (tomorrow or later) |- !Remote future continuous | -zamu-...-anga |{{lang|tum|wa-'''zamu'''-lut-'''anga'''}} |‘he/she will be going' (tomorrow or later) |- ! |- !Present subjunctive | -e |{{lang|tum|ti-lut-'''e'''}} |‘let's go' |- !Distal subjunctive | -ka-...-e |{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-gul-'''e'''}} |‘so that he can buy (elsewhere)' |- !Potential | -nga- |{{lang|tum|wa-'''nga'''-luta}} |'he can go'<ref>McNicholl (2010), p. 8.</ref> |} Other future tenses are given by Vail (1972) and others.<ref>See Kiso (2012) pp. 182–188.</ref> In the 1st person singular, ''ni-ku-'' and ''ni-ka-'' are shortened to ''nkhu-'' and ''nkha-'': {{lang|tum|nkhuluta}} 'I am going', 'I go', {{lang|tum|nkhalutanga}} 'I used to go'.<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 163, 173.</ref> === Negative verbs === To make the negative of a verb in Tumbuka, the word {{lang|tum|yayi}} or {{lang|tum|cha(ra)}} is added at or near the end of the clause. It seems that {{lang|tum|yayi}} is preferred by younger speakers:<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 190.</ref> : {{lang|tum|wakulemba kalata '''yayi'''}} : 'he is not writing a letter' : {{lang|tum|tizamugwira ntchito '''cha''' machero}} : 'we will not work tomorrow' With the present perfect tense, however, a separate form exists, adding ''-nda-'' and ending in ''-e'':<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 191.</ref> : {{lang|tum|enya, n'''a'''kumana nawo}} : 'yes, I have met him' : {{lang|tum|yayi, ni'''nda'''kuman'''e''' nawo}} : 'no, I haven't met him' == The Ngoni influence on Tumbuka == '''Words of Ngoni (Zulu/Ndwandwe) origin found in Tumbuka:''' Viyowoyero vyose vya Chitumbuka vikakhwaskika na chiyowoyero cha Chigoni, chomenechomene mu chigaŵa cha Mzimba ku Malawi. Chiyowoyero cha Ngoni chikamba na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ndwandwe awo ŵakaŵa ŵazengezgani ŵa fuko la Zulu pambere Ŵazulu ŵandaŵathereske. Ntheura chiyowoyero icho Ŵandwandwe ŵakayowoyanga chikaŵa chakuyana waka na cha Ŵazulu. Apa pali viyelezgero vinyake vya mazgu gha Chitumbuka agho ghali kufuma ku chiZulu/Ndwandwe, nangauli ghanandi ghali na mazgu ghakwambilira gha Chitumbuka agho ghakung'anamulika mu chiyowoyero ichi. {| class="wikitable" !English !Tumbuka !Tumbuka-Ngoni dialect |- |See |Wona |Bheka |- |Smoke |Khweŵa |Bhema |- |Man |Mwanalume |Doda |- |Virgin |Mwali |Nthombi |} == An example of Tumbuka == '''Months in Tumbuka:''' {| class="wikitable" !English !Tumbuka |- |January |Mathipa |- |February |Muswela |- |March |Nyakanyaka |- |April |Masika |- |May |Vuna |- |June |Zizima |- |July |Mphepo |- |August |Mpupulu |- |September |Lupya |- |October |Zimya |- |November |Thukila |- |December |Vula |} Chiyelezgero cha nkhani ya ŵanthu iyo yikang'anamulika mu Chitumbuka na viyowoyero vinyake vya kumpoto kwa Malawi chili mu buku la Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi, ilo likalembeka na Center for Language Studies of the University of Malawi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225347/http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf Language Mapping Survey], p. 60-64.</ref> Buku la Chitumbuka ilo lili na nkhani iyi likuti: : {{lang|tum|KALULU NA FULU (Citumbuka)|italics=no}} : {{lang|tum|Fulu wakaluta kukapemphiska vyakulya ku ŵanthu. Pakuyeya thumba lake wakacita kukaka ku cingwe citali na kuvwara mu singo, ndipo pakwenda thumba lake likizanga kunyuma kwakhe.|italics=no}} : {{lang|tum|Wali mu nthowa, kalulu wakiza kunyuma kwakhe ndipo wakati “bowo, thumba lane!” Fulu wakati, "Thumba ndane iwe, wona cingwe ici ndakaka sono nkhuguza pakwenda.” Kalulu wakakana nipera, ndipo wakati “Tilute ku Mphala yikateruzge.” Mphala yikadumula mlandu na kuceketa cingwe ico Fulu wakakakira thumba. Ŵakatola thumba lira ndipo ŵakapa kalulu.|italics=no}} : {{lang|tum|Pa zuŵa linyakhe Kalulu wakendanga, Fulu wakamsanga ndipo wakati, "Bowo, mcira wane!" Kalulu wakati, “Ake! Fulu iwe m'cira ngwane." Fulu wakakana, ndipo wakati, "Ndasola ngwane." Ŵakaluta ku mphala, kuti yikaŵeruzge. Ku Mphala kula mlandu ukatowera Fulu. Ŵakadumula m'cira wa Kalulu nakupa Fulu.|italics=no}} : (Translation) : THE TORTOISE AND THE HARE : Tortoise went to beg food from people. To carry his bag, he tied it to a long string and wore it round his neck. As he walked along, the bag was coming behind him. : As he was on his way, Hare came up behind him and said, "There it is, my bag!" Tortoise said "The bag is mine, see this string I've tied now I'm pulling it as I go." Hare refused to accept this and said "Let's go the Court, so that it can judge us." The Court examined the case and cut Tortoise's string which he'd tied the bag with. They took that bag and gave it to Hare. : Another day when Hare was walking along, Tortoise found him and said, "There it is, my tail!" Hare said, "Nonsense, this is my tail, Tortoise." Tortoise refused to accept this and said, "What I've got is mine." They went to the Court so that it could make a judgement. In that Court, the case went in Tortoise's favour. They cut off Hare's tail and gave it to Tortoise. == Some vocabulary == === Helpful phrases === * {{lang|tum|Enya}} = Yes * {{lang|tum|Yayi}} = No * {{lang|tum|Yebo (yeŵo)}} = Thank you * {{lang|tum|Taonga}} = We are thankful * {{lang|tum|Nkhukhumba chakurya!}} = I want some food ! * {{lang|tum|Munganipako chakurya?}} = could you give me some food? * {{lang|tum|Ine nkhuyowoya chiTumbuka yayi!}} = I do not speak chiTumbuka! * {{lang|tum|Yendani makola}} = Travel well. * {{lang|tum|Nkukhumba maji yakumwa}} = I would like water to drink. === Greetings === * {{lang|tum|Mwawuka uli?}} = Good morning. (How did you wake up?) * {{lang|tum|Tawuka makola. Kwali imwe?}} = Fine. And you? (I woke up well. I don't know about you?) * {{lang|tum|Muli uli?}} = How are you? * {{lang|tum|Nili makola, kwali imwe?}} = I am fine, how are you? * {{lang|tum|Mwatandala uli?}} = Good afternoon. (How did you spend the day?) * {{lang|tum|Natandala makola. Kwali imwe?}} = Good afternoon. How are you? (I spent the day well. I don't know about you?) * {{lang|tum|Monile}} = somewhat more formal than "Hi". Perhaps best translated as "Greetings". * {{lang|tum|Tionanenge}} = We shall meet again. === People === The plural ba- (ŵa-) is often used for politeness when referring to elders: * {{lang|tum|Munyamata}} = boy * {{lang|tum|Banyamata (ŵanyamata)}} = boys * {{lang|tum|Musungwana}} = girl * {{lang|tum|Basungwana (ŵasungwana)}} = girls * {{lang|tum|Bamwali (ŵamwali)}} = young ladies * {{lang|tum|Banchembere (ŵancembele)}} = a woman with babies * {{lang|tum|Bamama (ŵamama)}} = mother * {{lang|tum|Badada(ŵadhadha)}} = dad * {{lang|tum|Bagogo (ŵagogo)}} = grandmother * {{lang|tum|Babuya (ŵabhuya)}} = grandmother, also used when addressing old female persons * {{lang|tum|Basekulu (ŵasekulu)}} = grandfather * {{lang|tum|Bankhazi (ŵankhazi)}} = paternal aunt * {{lang|tum|ŵa/Bamama ŵa/bachoko / ŵa/bakulu}} = maternal aunt usually your mother's younger/older sister * {{lang|tum|Basibweni (ŵasibweni)}} = maternal uncle * {{lang|tum|Badada(ŵadhadha) bachoko / bakulu}} = paternal uncle usually your father's younger/older brother * {{lang|tum|Mudumbu(mudhumbu) wane}} = my brother/ sister (for addressing a sibling of the opposite sex) * {{lang|tum|Muchoko wane / muzuna wane/ munung'una wane}} = my young brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex) * {{lang|tum|Mukuru wane / mulala wane}} = my elder brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex) === Verbs === * {{lang|tum|Kusebela (Kuseŵera)}} = to play * {{lang|tum|Kuseka}} = to laugh * {{lang|tum|Kurya}} = to eat * {{lang|tum|Kugona}} = to sleep * {{lang|tum|Kwenda}} = to walk * {{lang|tum|Kuchimbila}} = to run * {{lang|tum|Kulemba}} = to write * {{lang|tum|Kuchapa}} = to do laundry * {{lang|tum|Kugeza}} = to bath * {{lang|tum|Kuphika}} = to cook * {{lang|tum|Kulima}} = to dig / cultivate * {{lang|tum|Kupanda}} = to plant * {{lang|tum|Kuvina}} = to dance * {{lang|tum|Kwimba}} = to sing === Animals === * {{lang|tum|Fulu}} = tortoise * {{lang|tum|Kalulu}} = hare * {{lang|tum|Gwere}} = hippo * {{lang|tum|Chimbwi}} = hyena * {{lang|tum|Njoka}} = snake * {{lang|tum|Nkhumba}} = pig * {{lang|tum|Ng'ombe}} = cow * {{lang|tum|Nchebe (Ncheŵe)}} = dog * {{lang|tum|Chona/pusi/kiti}} = cat * {{lang|tum|Mbelele}} = sheep * {{lang|tum|Nkalamu}} = lion * {{lang|tum|Mbuzi}} = goat * {{lang|tum|Nkhuku}} = chicken == Wonaniso == * [[Tumbuka people]] * [[Tumbuka mythology]] == Notable Tumbuka People == * [[Shepherd Bushiri|Sheperd Bushiri]] (Christian preacher) * [[Mwai Kumwenda]] (netball player) * [[Bridget Kumwenda|Briddget Kumwenda]] (netball player) * [[Chakufwa Chihana]] ( human rights activist and politician) * [[Enoch Chihana]] (member of parliament) == Ukaboni == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin}} * Botne, Robert (1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225148/https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/3356/botne%20book%20chapter.pdf?sequence=1 "Future and distal -ka-'s: Proto-Bantu or nascent form(s)?"]. In: Jean-Marie Hombert and Larry M. Hyman (eds.), ''Bantu Historical Linguistics: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives''. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information, pp.&nbsp;473–515. * Chase, Robert (2004). "A Comparison of Demonstratives in the Karonga and Henga Dialects of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts. * Chavula, Jean Josephine (2016). [https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/423_fulltext.pdf "Verbal derivation and valency in Chitumbuka"]. Leiden University doctoral thesis. * Downing, Laura J. (2006). "The Prosody and Syntax of Focus in Chitumbuka". ''ZAS Papers in Linguistics'' 43, 55-79. * Downing, Laura J. (2008). "Focus and prominence in Chichewa, Chitumbuka and Durban Zulu". ''ZAS Papers in Linguistics'' 49, 47-65. * Downing, Laura J. (2012). [http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/42/paper2764.pdf "On the (Non-)congruence of Focus and Prominence in Tumbuka"]. ''Selected Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics'', ed. Michael R. Marlo et al., 122-133. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. * Downing, Laura J. (2017). "Tone and intonation in Chichewa and Tumbuka". In Laura J. Downing & Annie Rialland (eds) ''Intonation in African Tone Languages''. de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, pp.&nbsp;365–392. * Downing, Laura J. (2019). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laura_Downing/publication/335175896_Tumbuka_prosody_Between_tone_and_stress/links/5d55398645851545af43be4d/Tumbuka-prosody-Between-tone-and-stress.pdf "Tumbuka prosody: Between tone and stress"]. In: Emily Clem et al (eds). ''Theory and Description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics'', 75-94. Also available online at: [https://books.google.com/books?id=fPSrDwAAQBAJ&dq=Tumbuka+prosody%3A+Between+tone+and+stress&pg=PA75] * Elmslie, Walter Angus (1923): ''Introductory Grammar of the Tumbuka Language''. Livingstonia Mission Press. * Kamwendo, Gregory H. (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200929073334/http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol13num3/kamwendo.pdf Kamwendo "Your Chitumbuka is Shallow. It's not the Real Chitumbuka: Linguistic Purism Among Chitumbuka Speakers in Malawi"], ''Nordic Journal of African Studies'' 13(3): 275–288. * Kishindo, Pascal J. et Allan L. Lipenga (2006). ''Parlons citumbuka : langue et culture du Malawi et de la Zambie'', L'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest, Kinshasa, 138 pages. {{ISBN|2-296-00470-9}} * Kishindo, Pascal J. (ed), Jean J. Chavula and others (2018). {{lang|tum|Mung'anamulira mazgo wa Citumbuka}} (Citumbuka dictionary). Centre for Language Studies, University of Malawi. {{ISBN|978-99960-9-610-5}} * Kiso, Andrea (2012). [http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:546594/FULLTEXT01.pdf "Tense and Aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka, and Cisena"]. Ph.D. Thesis. Stockholm University. * McNicholl, Duncan (2010). [http://malawinetwork.org/guide-to-chitumbuka.pdf "The No-Nonsense Guide to Learning Chitumbuka: Volume 1"]. * Moto, Francis (1999). "The Tonal Phonology of Bantu Ideophones". ''Malilime: Malawian Journal of Linguistics'' no.1, 100-120. (pp.&nbsp;112–119 deals with tone in Chitumbuka ideophones). * Mphande, L. (1989). "A Phonological Analysis of the Ideophone in Chitumbuka". Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Texas, Austin. * Shiozaki, Lisa (2004). "Concordial agreement in the Karonga dialect of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts. * Turner, W.M. (1952). ''Tumbuka–Tonga–English Dictionary'' The Hetherwick Press, Blantyre, Nyasaland (now Malawi). * University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225347/http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf "Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi"]. * Vail, Hazen Leroy (1971). "The noun classes of Tumbuka". ''African studies'', v. 30, 1, p.&nbsp;35-59. * Vail, Hazen Leroy (1972). "Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb". Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. {{refend}} == External links == {{InterWiki|code=tum}} {{Wikivoyage|Tumbuka phrasebook|Tumbuka|a phrasebook}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123103050/http://africa.isp.msu.edu/afrlang/Tumbuka_root.html Very brief report on Tumbuka language.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225347/http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi]. University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies, 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225407/http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/mw-north-a4.jpg Language Map of Northern Malawi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051222115610/http://embangweni.com/chitumbu.htm Some more chiTumbuka vocabulary.] * [http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Tumbuka PanAfrican L10n page on Tumbuka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210308020136/http://www.unima-cls.org/ Citumbuka monolingual dictionary] {{Languages of Malawi}} {{Languages of Zambia}} {{Narrow Bantu languages|N-S}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tumbuka Language}} [[Category:Tumbuka language| ]] [[Category:Nyasa languages]] [[Category:Languages of Malawi]] [[Category:Languages of Zambia]] [[Category:Tumbuka people]] [[Category:Non-tonal languages in tonal families]] [[Category:Click languages|Tumbuka language (Mzimba dialect)]] e6re8g1p392lkhvsd95r1owkkibvttf 4 43595 121888 120288 2026-09-10T16:45:00Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121888 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:95%; padding-left:7px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left"> [[:bm:|Bamanankan]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:bol:|Bòo pìkkà]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:lg:|Luganda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ha:|Hausa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ig:|Igbo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kai:|Karai-karai]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kg:|KiKongo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:knc:|Yerwa Kanuri]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ln:|Lingala]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rn:|Ikirundi]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rw:|Ikinyarwanda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sn:|ChiShona]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:st:|Sesotho]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:nso:|Sesotho sa leboa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sw:|Kiswahili]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ss:|SiSwati]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ts:|Xitsonga]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:tn:|Setswana]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ve:|Tshivenda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:xh:|isiXhosa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:yo:|Yorùbá]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:zu:|isiZulu]] </div> [[Category:Main Page templates]] </noinclude> ipgsu81dg4f2ad1tep579bmp0kyzx2q 121889 121888 2026-09-10T16:46:20Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 some of these languages can't be edited by Tumbukas due to its nature of words 121889 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:95%; padding-left:7px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left"> [[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:lg:|Luganda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ha:|Hausa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ig:|Igbo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kai:|Karai-karai]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:kg:|KiKongo]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:knc:|Yerwa Kanuri]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ln:|Lingala]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rn:|Ikirundi]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:rw:|Ikinyarwanda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sn:|ChiShona]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:st:|Sesotho]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:nso:|Sesotho sa leboa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:sw:|Kiswahili]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ss:|SiSwati]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ts:|Xitsonga]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:tn:|Setswana]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:ve:|Tshivenda]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:xh:|isiXhosa]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:yo:|Yorùbá]] &nbsp;•&nbsp; [[:zu:|isiZulu]] </div> [[Category:Main Page templates]] </noinclude> 6wdskyd2jebxn8ngkyievsm2q78mym7 14 47508 121900 118030 2026-09-11T02:47:10Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Afrika]] ezobczie86nuoq35sr8d5ff64bc4meb 14 48462 121920 118600 2026-09-11T09:29:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo|Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] ŵa ku [[Liechtenstein]] [[Category:Liechtenstein]] oh3f1qaedpn70coiai22lcqctduu8zm 0 48550 121919 119216 2026-09-11T09:27:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi moved page [[Malo gha ku Switzerland]] to [[Malo gha Switzerland]] without leaving a redirect 119216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malo gha Switzerland''' ghali na mapiri ghambura nyanja agho ghali ku Western na Central Europe . Malo gha ku Switzerland ghali na nyanja zinandi na mapiri . Likuzingilizgika na vyaru vinkhondi: [[Austria]] na [[Liechtenstein]] kumafumiro gha dazi, [[France]] kumanjiliro gha dazi, [[Italy]] kumwera na [[Germany]] kumpoto. Switzerland ili na utali wa {{Convert|220|km|mi}} na utali wa kumafumiro gha dazi–kumanjiliro gha dazi wa {{Convert|350|km|mi}}.<ref name="BFS Environment">{{Cite web |last=Bundesamt fur Statistik (Federal Department of Statistics) |year=2009 |title=Land and Environment (Raum und Umwelt: Panorama) |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/01/pan.html |access-date=2009-09-25}} {{In lang|de|fr}}</ref> Switzerland yikumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha mapiri gha Alps kumwera na kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi. Kumpoto kwa Alps, Swiss Plateau yikwenda pafupi na chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Switzerland ŵakukhala pa mapiri ghakugubuduka na pa vidika vya pa chiphapha cha mtunda. Mapiri ghachokoghachoko gha Jura ghali kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa chiphapha ichi. Chigaŵa chikuru cha mphaka ya kumpoto na Germany chikulondezga mlonga wa Rhine, nangauli mlonga wa Rhine ukunjira mu Switzerland pafupi na Schaffhausen. Mpaka wa kumafumiro gha dazi na Germany na cigaŵa cinyake ca Austria ukujumpha mu Nyanja ya Constance (Cijeremani: ''Bodensee''). Chigaŵa chinyake cha mphaka ya kumwera chakumanjiliro gha dazi na France chikujumpha mu Nyanja ya Geneva. Switzerland wakugaŵikana na chiyowoyero nacho. Pali viyowoyero vinayi vya charu: Chijeremani (icho chikuyowoyeka na 63.7% ya ŵanthu), Chifurenchi (na 20.4% ya ŵanthu), Chiitaliya (na 6.5%) na Chiromansh (0.5%).<ref name="CIA Factbook">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2024 |title=CIA - The World Factbook - Switzerland |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/switzerland/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118070006/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/switzerland/ |archive-date=January 18, 2026}}</ref> [[File:Switzerland_ESA370220.tiff|thumb| Chithunzithunzi cha satelayiti cha ku Switzerland]] == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Switzerland]] 6e9egvhqgdkvlm6vng9ka6v3m00inv6 0 48883 121918 120311 2026-09-11T09:26:19Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 rm unneeded tag 121918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Costasiella kuroshimae''''' (wakumanyikwaso kuti '''leaf slug''', '''sea sheep''', olo '''leaf sheep''') ni mtundu wa somba za mu nyanja za sacoglossan. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ni [[vinyama]] vya mu nyanja ivyo vikukhala mu banja la ''[[Costasiellidae]]''.<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=''Costasiella kuroshimae'' Ichikawa 1993 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494655 |access-date=17 January 2015 |work=World Register of Marine Species |vauthors=Bouchet P}}</ref> Nangauli ni vinyama, vikupanga vyakurya vyakupangika na ungweru, kwizira mu kleptoplasty.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Christa|first1=Gregor|last2=B. Gould|first2=Sven|last3=Franken|first3=Johanna|last4=Vleugels|first4=Manja|last5=Karmeinski|first5=Dario|last6=Handeler|first6=Katharina|last7=F. Martin|first7=William|last8=Wagele|first8=Heike|title=Functional kleptoplasty in a limapontioidean genus: phylogeny, food preferences and photosynthesis in Costasiella, with a focus on C. ocellifera (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa)|journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies|date=23 May 2014|volume=80|issue=5|pages=499–507|doi=10.1093/mollus/eyu026}}</ref> == Vithuzithuzi == <gallery> File:Costasiella_Kuroshimae_(19080120525)_(2).jpg|Chithunzithunzi cha kunthazi cha mtundu wa ''Costasiella kuroshimae''. File:Costasiella_kuroshimae_taken_in_Anilao_Philippines.png|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' wakatoleka ku malo ghakusambilirapo vya maji ghakuchemeka Secret Bay Anilao, ku [[Batangas]], ku [[Philippines]] File:Costasiella_kuroshimae,_Koh_Phangan.jpg|''Costasiella Kuroshimae'' ku Koh Phangan, 2014 File:Costasiella_y_puesta.jpg|''Costasiella kuroshimae'' ku Bali, [[Indonesia]]. File:Costasiella_cf_kuroshimae.png|''Costasiella'' cf. ''kuroshimae'' pa ''Avrainvillea erecta''. Muzi: Nkhoska cha Lizard, Chilumba Chikulu cha Barrier. Utali wa slug uli pafupifupi: {{cvt|1|cm|frac=8}}. </gallery> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Malinki gha kuwaro == * [https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/sealife-collection/ Sealife Collection vithuzi] [[Category:Costasiellidae]] fkbucznkkb6mei7pgdunxjg086gx8o3 4 49036 121890 121757 2026-09-10T19:42:15Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 121890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka/Sekutembala-Disembala |title = [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?|Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?]] |listclass = hlist |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1 = [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala|Sekutembala]] |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala/2|2]] * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala/3|3]] * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala/4|4]] * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu ChiTumbuka?/Sekutembala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Kasi mukumanya mu 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[[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu ChiTumbuka/Disembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Chithuzi cha mwahuno mu 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ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Sekutembala/30|30]] |group2 = [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala|Okutobala]] |list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/2|2]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/3|3]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/4|4]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/30|30]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Okutobala/31|31]] |group3 = [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala|Novembala]] |list3 = * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/2|2]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/3|3]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/4|4]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Novembala/30|30]] |group4 = [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala|Disembala]] |list4 = * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/1|1]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/2|2]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/3|3]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/4|4]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/5|5]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/6|6]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/7|7]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/8|8]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/9|9]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/10|10]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/11|11]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/12|12]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/13|13]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/14|14]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/15|15]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/16|16]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/17|17]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/18|18]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/19|19]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/20|20]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/21|21]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/22|22]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/23|23]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/24|24]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/25|25]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/26|26]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/27|27]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/28|28]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/29|29]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/30|30]] * [[Wikipedia:Mitundu ya ŵanthu yambula kuoneka ku ŵanthu/Disembala/31|31]] }} 42oxl61hryjxjr8vop33h9qw72oa87z 0 49235 121916 120781 2026-09-11T09:24:57Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 rm unneeded tag 121916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni malo gha msumba (''suburb'') mu [[Perth]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 5,848 (2021).<ref>https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL51446</ref> Iwo ukupanga malo ghapafupi gha mu msumba na mitundu yapafupi ya [[Ellenbrook]], [[Aveley]] na [[Henley Brook]]. Malo gha msumba iyi yikukhala chomene ku mizi. Misewu yake na malo ghake ghakulongosoreka na [[The Vines Resort]], malo ghakuchezgerapo na ghakusanguluska agho ghali na malo ghaŵiri gha golf gha mabowo 18 agho ghakujumpha mu chigaŵa chikuru cha malo agha.<ref>https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2022-11/NEW-DSP-Appendix-3-Environmental-Assessment-Report.pdf</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Australia]] [[Category:Malo gha mizinda mu Perth]] d190345h90ei46r8qjjshbrdm7rkwcj 0 49269 121917 120823 2026-09-11T09:25:42Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 rm unneeded tag 121917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Databox}} '''''Gacha Gacha''''' (ガチャガチャ) ni buku la [[manga]] la ku [[Japan]] ilo likalembeka na kulongosoreka na [[Hiroyuki Tamakoshi]]. Machaputala ghose gha mndandanda uwu ghakawunganyika mu mabuku 16 gha ''tankōbon'': chigaŵa chakwamba chikawunganyika mu mabuku ghankhondi, ndipo chachiŵiri mu mabuku 11. Ku North America, manga iyi yikazomerezgeka na Del Rey Manga; chigaŵa chachiŵiri chikafumiskika nga ni ''Gacha Gacha: The Next Revolution''.{{citation needed}} [[Category:Manga]] [[Category:Mabuku]] klkbuz18tp087m895dmiu76bu6kuh6s 0 49587 121892 2026-09-11T02:41:14Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 52,652 (2023).<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/congo/cities/</ref><ref>https://www.makanisi.org/le-congo-passe-de-12-a-15-departements/</ref> ==Nyengo== Gamboma ili na nyengo ya savanna yakutentha (''Aw'') kuyana na nyengo ya [[Köppen]]. {{Weather box | width = auto | location = Gamboma (199..." 121892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 52,652 (2023).<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/congo/cities/</ref><ref>https://www.makanisi.org/le-congo-passe-de-12-a-15-departements/</ref> ==Nyengo== Gamboma ili na nyengo ya savanna yakutentha (''Aw'') kuyana na nyengo ya [[Köppen]]. {{Weather box | width = auto | location = Gamboma (1991-2020) | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high C = 31.6 | Feb high C = 32.1 | Mar high C = 32.6 | Apr high C = 32.6 | May high C = 32.1 | Jun high C = 31.4 | Jul high C = 30.8 | Aug high C = 31.5 | Sep high C = 31.5 | Oct high C = 31.1 | Nov high C = 31.2 | Dec high C = 31.0 | year high C = 31.6 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 174.0 | Feb precipitation mm = 179.8 | Mar precipitation mm = 216.3 | Apr precipitation mm = 241.8 | May precipitation mm = 184.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 43.6 | Jul precipitation mm = 14.0 | Aug precipitation mm = 30.8 | Sep precipitation mm = 109.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 212.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 299.1 | Dec precipitation mm = 214.2 | source 1 = NOAA<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url =https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/RepublicOfCongo/CSV/GAMBOMA_64454.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 4, 2024}}</ref> }} ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Republic of the Congo]] f31is7ii13neenceew7t7zacppp54ro 121893 121892 2026-09-11T02:41:48Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 52,652 (2023).<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/congo/cities/</ref><ref>https://www.makanisi.org/le-congo-passe-de-12-a-15-departements/</ref> ==Nyengo== Gamboma ili na nyengo ya savanna yakutentha (''Aw'') kuyana na nyengo ya [[Köppen]]. {{Weather box | width = auto | location = Gamboma (1991-2020) | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high C = 31.6 | Feb high C = 32.1 | Mar high C = 32.6 | Apr high C = 32.6 | May high C = 32.1 | Jun high C = 31.4 | Jul high C = 30.8 | Aug high C = 31.5 | Sep high C = 31.5 | Oct high C = 31.1 | Nov high C = 31.2 | Dec high C = 31.0 | year high C = 31.6 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 174.0 | Feb precipitation mm = 179.8 | Mar precipitation mm = 216.3 | Apr precipitation mm = 241.8 | May precipitation mm = 184.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 43.6 | Jul precipitation mm = 14.0 | Aug precipitation mm = 30.8 | Sep precipitation mm = 109.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 212.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 299.1 | Dec precipitation mm = 214.2 | source 1 = NOAA<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url =https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/RepublicOfCongo/CSV/GAMBOMA_64454.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 4, 2024}}</ref> }} ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Republic of the Congo]] 8rstchxly0fmcb3yfrmg5xprgu0bi95 1 49588 121894 2026-09-11T02:42:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 14 49589 121897 2026-09-11T02:45:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "[[{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Afilika]]" 121897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Afilika]] 0l1xagrctj5bdl8e7gd0ik3o2zngqo3 121898 121897 2026-09-11T02:45:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Afrika]] ezobczie86nuoq35sr8d5ff64bc4meb 0 49590 121902 2026-09-11T02:56:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha [[Republic of the Congo]].<ref>https://geonames.org/</ref><ref>https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outFields=*&where=ufi+%3D+-2205951</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Republic of the Congo]]" 121902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha [[Republic of the Congo]].<ref>https://geonames.org/</ref><ref>https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outFields=*&where=ufi+%3D+-2205951</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Republic of the Congo]] j4jq5ikba1xe6rddibd62pe8z540g2j 121904 121902 2026-09-11T02:57:34Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma mu [[chigaŵa cha Nkéni-Alima]] mu charu cha [[Republic of the Congo]].<ref>https://geonames.org/</ref><ref>https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outFields=*&where=ufi+%3D+-2205951</ref> Msumba ukuru ni [[Gamboma]]. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Republic of the Congo]] 10d8ihv2zze8dyxoebmdchmj3q1id2r 1 49591 121903 2026-09-11T02:56:59Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 1 49592 121906 2026-09-11T04:10:43Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49593 121908 2026-09-11T06:26:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "Nkhani iyi yili na ndondomeko ya vinthu ivyo vikachitika mu chaka cha '''2026 ku [[Yemen]]'''. == Ŵanthu awo ŵali pa udindo == ;Boma ku [[Aden]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Vladimir Putin meeting Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of the Republic of Yemen Rashad Mohammad al-Alimi (2025) (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Rashad al-Alimi]] |- |[[File:Fagin and bin Braik, 2025 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Salem Saleh bin Braik]] (mpaka pa 15 Janu..." 121908 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkhani iyi yili na ndondomeko ya vinthu ivyo vikachitika mu chaka cha '''2026 ku [[Yemen]]'''. == Ŵanthu awo ŵali pa udindo == ;Boma ku [[Aden]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Vladimir Putin meeting Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of the Republic of Yemen Rashad Mohammad al-Alimi (2025) (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Rashad al-Alimi]] |- |[[File:Fagin and bin Braik, 2025 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Salem Saleh bin Braik]] (mpaka pa 15 Januwale) |- ||[[File:Hamish Falconer at the United Nations Two-State Solution Conference - 54684657787 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Shaya al-Zindani]] (kufuma pa 15 Januwale) |} ;Boma ku [[Sanaa]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi praying 2.jpg|133x133px]] |[[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]] |- |[[File:Mehdi Al Mashat3 (cropped).png|133x133px]] |[[Mahdi al-Mashat]] |- | |[[Muhammad Ahmed Miftah]] |} == Maholide == {{small|Kufuma}}:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://publicholidays.me/yemen/#2026-public-holidays|title= Yemen Public Holidays 2026|access-date=31 December 2025|website=Public Holidays Global}}</ref> * 18–22 Malichi – [[Eid al-Fitr]] * 1 Meyi – Labour Day * 22 Meyi – Unity Day * 26–30 Meyi – Eid al-Adha * 16 Juni – [[Islamic New Year]] * 25 Ogasiti – [[Mawlid|Milad un-Nabi]] * 26 Seputembala – [[North Yemen civil war|Revolution Day]] * 14 Okutobala – [[Liberation Day]] * 30 Novembala – [[List of national independence days|Independence Day]] == Nyifwa == * 17 Januwale – [[Ali Salem al-Beidh]], 86, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1990–1994).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 January 2026|title=وفاة علي سالم البيض.. آخر رئيس لليمن الجنوبي|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1846863-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%93%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A|language=ar |work=Sky News Arabia}}</ref> * 28 Meyi – [[Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi]], 80, pulezidenti (2012–2022), wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1994–2012), and [[Ministry of Defense (Yemen)|minister of defense]] (1994).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former Yemen president Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi dies at 80 |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-expresident-abdrabbuh-mansour-hadi-died-b3afd7b3679af14d335578e9560c7cd8 |date=28 May 2026 |access-date=28 May 2026 |work=AP |last1=Al-Haj |first1=Ahmed |last2=Khaled |first2=Fatma }}</ref> * 1 Seputembala – [[Abu Hudhayfah al-Ansari]], munthu wakulimbana na Chisilamu, uyo wakuyowoya vya boma la Chisilamu (since 2023).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/7b852d2d003a |title= Yemen says senior Daesh figure killed in joint operation with coalition forces |date=1 September 2026 |access-date=1 September 2026|work=TRT World}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yemen]] kftees527bf93c9242jjdchhaaz5u1h 121910 121908 2026-09-11T06:28:16Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121910 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkhani iyi yili na ndondomeko ya vinthu ivyo vikachitika mu chaka cha '''2026 ku [[Yemen]]'''. == Ŵanthu awo ŵali pa udindo == ;Boma ku [[Aden]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Vladimir Putin meeting Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of the Republic of Yemen Rashad Mohammad al-Alimi (2025) (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Rashad al-Alimi]] |- |[[File:Fagin and bin Braik, 2025 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Salem Saleh bin Braik]] (mpaka pa 15 Januwale) |- ||[[File:Hamish Falconer at the United Nations Two-State Solution Conference - 54684657787 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Shaya al-Zindani]] (kufuma pa 15 Januwale) |} ;Boma ku [[Sanaa]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi praying 2.jpg|133x133px]] |[[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]] |- |[[File:Mehdi Al Mashat3 (cropped).png|133x133px]] |[[Mahdi al-Mashat]] |- | |[[Muhammad Ahmed Miftah]] |} == Maholide == {{small|Kufuma}}:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://publicholidays.me/yemen/#2026-public-holidays|title= Yemen Public Holidays 2026|access-date=31 December 2025|website=Public Holidays Global}}</ref> * 18–22 Malichi – [[Eid al-Fitr]] * 1 Meyi – Labour Day * 22 Meyi – Unity Day * 26–30 Meyi – Eid al-Adha * 16 Juni – Islamic New Year * 25 Ogasiti – Milad un-Nabi * 26 Seputembala – Revolution Day * 14 Okutobala – Liberation Day * 30 Novembala – Independence Day == Nyifwa == * 17 Januwale – [[Ali Salem al-Beidh]], 86, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1990–1994).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 January 2026|title=وفاة علي سالم البيض.. آخر رئيس لليمن الجنوبي|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1846863-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%93%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A|language=ar |work=Sky News Arabia}}</ref> * 28 Meyi – [[Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi]], 80, pulezidenti (2012–2022), wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1994–2012), na nduna ya chitetezo (1994).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former Yemen president Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi dies at 80 |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-expresident-abdrabbuh-mansour-hadi-died-b3afd7b3679af14d335578e9560c7cd8 |date=28 May 2026 |access-date=28 May 2026 |work=AP |last1=Al-Haj |first1=Ahmed |last2=Khaled |first2=Fatma }}</ref> * 1 Seputembala – [[Abu Hudhayfah al-Ansari]], munthu wakulimbana na Chisilamu, uyo wakuyowoya vya boma la Chisilamu (since 2023).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/7b852d2d003a |title= Yemen says senior Daesh figure killed in joint operation with coalition forces |date=1 September 2026 |access-date=1 September 2026|work=TRT World}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yemen]] 09ptu8ddfz0smd43283ho4hk2jpqcyx 121911 121910 2026-09-11T06:28:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* Nyifwa */ 121911 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkhani iyi yili na ndondomeko ya vinthu ivyo vikachitika mu chaka cha '''2026 ku [[Yemen]]'''. == Ŵanthu awo ŵali pa udindo == ;Boma ku [[Aden]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Vladimir Putin meeting Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of the Republic of Yemen Rashad Mohammad al-Alimi (2025) (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Rashad al-Alimi]] |- |[[File:Fagin and bin Braik, 2025 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Salem Saleh bin Braik]] (mpaka pa 15 Januwale) |- ||[[File:Hamish Falconer at the United Nations Two-State Solution Conference - 54684657787 (cropped).jpg|183x183px]] |[[Shaya al-Zindani]] (kufuma pa 15 Januwale) |} ;Boma ku [[Sanaa]] {| class="wikitable" !Photo !Name |- |[[File:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi praying 2.jpg|133x133px]] |[[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]] |- |[[File:Mehdi Al Mashat3 (cropped).png|133x133px]] |[[Mahdi al-Mashat]] |- | |[[Muhammad Ahmed Miftah]] |} == Maholide == {{small|Kufuma}}:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://publicholidays.me/yemen/#2026-public-holidays|title= Yemen Public Holidays 2026|access-date=31 December 2025|website=Public Holidays Global}}</ref> * 18–22 Malichi – [[Eid al-Fitr]] * 1 Meyi – Labour Day * 22 Meyi – Unity Day * 26–30 Meyi – Eid al-Adha * 16 Juni – Islamic New Year * 25 Ogasiti – Milad un-Nabi * 26 Seputembala – Revolution Day * 14 Okutobala – Liberation Day * 30 Novembala – Independence Day == Nyifwa == * 17 Januwale – [[Ali Salem al-Beidh]], 86, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1990–1994).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 January 2026|title=وفاة علي سالم البيض.. آخر رئيس لليمن الجنوبي|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1846863-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%93%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A|language=ar |work=Sky News Arabia}}</ref> * 28 Meyi – [[Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi]], 80, pulezidenti (2012–2022), wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti (1994–2012), na nduna ya chitetezo (1994).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former Yemen president Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi dies at 80 |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-expresident-abdrabbuh-mansour-hadi-died-b3afd7b3679af14d335578e9560c7cd8 |date=28 May 2026 |access-date=28 May 2026 |work=AP |last1=Al-Haj |first1=Ahmed |last2=Khaled |first2=Fatma }}</ref> * 1 Seputembala – [[Abu Hudhayfah al-Ansari]], munthu wakulimbana na Chisilamu, uyo wakuyowoya vya boma la Chisilamu (kufuma mu 2023).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/7b852d2d003a |title= Yemen says senior Daesh figure killed in joint operation with coalition forces |date=1 September 2026 |access-date=1 September 2026|work=TRT World}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yemen]] d89kpbllrhjzf51gxlquvfhzmvndwxx 1 49594 121909 2026-09-11T06:26:18Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49595 121912 2026-09-11T08:29:38Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba mu [[chigaŵa cha Lahej]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 30,661 (2012). ==Mbiri== Likulu la Lahj likaŵa ku [[al-Ra'ra']], ilo likaparanyika apo ŵa Ottoman ŵakapoka [[ŴaTahirid]] mu vilimika vya m'ma 1500 ndipo pamanyuma vyose vikasoŵa mu mabuku gha mdauko. Al-Hawtah wakazgoka msumba ukuru pa nyengo iyo.<ref name="UN-Habitat"/>{{rp|33}} ==Ukaboni== {{re..." 121912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba mu [[chigaŵa cha Lahej]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 30,661 (2012). ==Mbiri== Likulu la Lahj likaŵa ku [[al-Ra'ra']], ilo likaparanyika apo ŵa Ottoman ŵakapoka [[ŴaTahirid]] mu vilimika vya m'ma 1500 ndipo pamanyuma vyose vikasoŵa mu mabuku gha mdauko. Al-Hawtah wakazgoka msumba ukuru pa nyengo iyo.<ref name="UN-Habitat"/>{{rp|33}} ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Yemen]] ebx3g9i06qvivtdwytydf0fs4z95k3i 121913 121912 2026-09-11T08:30:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba mu [[chigaŵa cha Lahej]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> Muli ŵanthu 30,661 (2012). ==Mbiri== Likulu la Lahj likaŵa ku [[al-Ra'ra']], ilo likaparanyika apo ŵa Ottoman ŵakapoka [[ŴaTahirid]] mu vilimika vya m'ma 1500 ndipo pamanyuma vyose vikasoŵa mu mabuku gha mdauko. Al-Hawtah wakazgoka msumba ukuru pa nyengo iyo.<ref name="UN-Habitat">{{cite book |last1=United Nations Human Settlements Programme in Yemen |title=Al-Hawtah City Profile |date=2020 |url=https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Al-Hawtah.pdf |access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|33}} ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Yemen]] q9nlp12e475zdb7dkwk08q7ajxoplxs 1 49596 121914 2026-09-11T08:30:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49597 121915 2026-09-11T09:22:44Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 '''Undeleting''' previously deleted article, however, the errors are still there 121915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} '''Intercrosse''' (iyo yikuchemekaso kuti '''lacrosse ya ndodo yakufewa''', '''lacrosse yakufewa''', '''modcrosse''', panji '''lacrosse ya pop''') ni mtundu wa lacrosse uwo ukukhwaskika yayi mwakugwiliskira ntchito vipangizo vyakusinthika vya lacrosse. Ndodo ya intercrosse njakupambana na ndodo ya lacrosse yakumanyikwa: mutu wake ngwa pulasitiki yose apo mutu wa ndodo ya chikhalidwe uli na thumba la mesh yakupangika panji chikopa na chingwe cha nayiloni. Mpira uwu ngwakukuru, ngwakufewa, ndiposo ngwakudoloka, wakupambana na mpira wa lacrosse, uwo ni labala wakukhora. Intercrosse nga ni maseŵero gha ŵalara ghakucimbirana ghakumanyikwa comene mu vyaru vinandi vya ku [[Europe]], comenecomene ku Czech Republic, ndiposo ku Quebec, Canada. Kanandi magulu ghakuŵa na ŵaseŵera ŵankhondi na yumoza pa chigaŵa chilichose, ndipo kukura kwa munda ukukura mamita 20 mu usani na mamita 40 mu utali. Vigoli vikuyana waka na lacrosse ya bokosi, 4 feet mu utali na usani (1.2 x 1.2 m). Pakuti palije kukhwaskana uko kukuzomerezgeka mu maseŵero agha, woseŵera wakuzomerezgeka yayi kunyamura mpira kwa masekondi ghakujumpha 5. Para yasanga mpira timu yikwenera kuponya pa chigoli mu masekondi 30 panji kutaya mpira.<ref name="intercrosserulebook4">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Inter-Crosse Rulebook Version 4.0 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B65ztD36nV1heHR4S1hJSG1wUlE |access-date=12 November 2017 |publisher=Fédération Internationale d'Inter-Crosse}}</ref> Vinthu vyakukhozgera vya mdauko: 1990 Milan (Arese) Maseŵera gha pa charu chose gha FIIC: Magulu ghakaŵa gha ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakusazgikana kwa ŵanandi. Mnyamata wa grade 8 wa ku College Laval wakasankhika na kutumika kuŵa timu ya ku Canada. Maseŵera agha ŵakaseŵeranga na ŵagoli awo ŵakavwaranga vyakuvwara vyakuyana waka na ŵagoli ŵa hockey kwambura mapadi ghakuru. Kuŵa na malo gha goalie pa munda kungaŵa mphambano yikuru na pop lacrosse. Timu ya Canada yikalongozgekanga na André Barrette, Michel Savoie, na Jocelyn Beauvillier. Canada na Czechoslovakia ŵakakumana mu maseŵero ghakumalizgirapo ndipo Canada yikapoka chikho chambura kuzomerezgeka. Maseŵera agha ghakachitika pa nyengo yimoza na maseŵero gha FIFA World Cup gha mu 1990. == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Lacrosse]] bxvhk3oeivs04v7kufspdjw6ai66mpz 0 49598 121921 2026-09-11T09:32:32Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (عبد الملك الحوثي) ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P27}}. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]]" 121921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (عبد الملك الحوثي) ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P27}}. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] m46yzwn6suix2u93cc9rp0qoh085lye 121923 121921 2026-09-11T09:33:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (عبد الملك الحوثي) ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku [[Yemen]]. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] a4y96dnodb7yw1felr3a448wjg645mm 1 49599 121922 2026-09-11T09:32:50Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49600 121924 2026-09-11T09:35:20Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (شائع الزنداني) ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku [[Yemen]]. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]]" 121924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (شائع الزنداني) ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku [[Yemen]]. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] oe97locwtzbtlgh1em7tz9lrxn1834h 1 49601 121925 2026-09-11T09:35:33Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 49602 121926 2026-09-11T10:04:29Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Lublin]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref><ref>https://eteryt.stat.gov.pl/eTeryt/rejestr_teryt/udostepnianie_danych/baza_teryt/uzytkownicy_indywidualni/wyszukiwanie/wyszukiwanie.aspx?contrast=default</ref> Muli ŵanthu 2,725 (2018). ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Poland]]" 121926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Lublin]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref><ref>https://eteryt.stat.gov.pl/eTeryt/rejestr_teryt/udostepnianie_danych/baza_teryt/uzytkownicy_indywidualni/wyszukiwanie/wyszukiwanie.aspx?contrast=default</ref> Muli ŵanthu 2,725 (2018). ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Poland]] nrxvi1ojnc9rwh08kwj9hya4m539cmi 121928 121926 2026-09-11T10:05:07Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 121928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kurów''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Lublin]] mu charu cha [[Poland]].<ref>https://geonames.org</ref><ref>https://eteryt.stat.gov.pl/eTeryt/rejestr_teryt/udostepnianie_danych/baza_teryt/uzytkownicy_indywidualni/wyszukiwanie/wyszukiwanie.aspx?contrast=default</ref> Muli ŵanthu 2,725 (2018). ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Poland]] d5whfe3hm22hu5a55pw3ignl3vrlpf9 1 49603 121927 2026-09-11T10:04:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{talk header}}" 121927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li