Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7441 123052 46241 2026-10-07T14:15:52Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ekwaiweni''' ni malo agho ghakusangika kumpoto kwa boma la [[Mzimba]], chigaŵa cha kumpoto mu charu cha [[Malaŵi]]. [[Category:Malaŵi]] [[Category:Mzimba]] [[Category:Kumpoto kwa Mzimba]] dq2bymrar3xdpshowjgbox7wd21rdq2 0 13345 123033 110238 2026-10-07T14:04:07Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Change page target 123033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mu malo ghakuwoneskera, '''bokosi''', '''loge''', panji '''bokosi la opera''' (nanga nkhuchemeka kuti '''side box''') ni malo ghachoko, ghakupatulika ghakukhalapo mu holo panji ŵategherezgi ŵa ŵanthu ŵachoko waka kuti ŵawonelere paŵekha chiwoneskero panji chochitika. [[Category:Nyumba ya maseŵero]] oxh7qfpammqndbt5fq9uy78w8itb1y7 0 18143 123114 122588 2026-10-08T08:24:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Typo 123114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Charu cha kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa}} {{distinguish|text=[[Marawi]], [[Mallawi]], [[Mawlawi (Chiwongo chakupelekeka ku Chisilamu)|Mawlawi]] or [[Mali]]}} {{pp-move|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=April 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Malawi | common_name = Malawi | native_name = {{nowrap|{{lang|ny|Dziko la Malaŵi}}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;([[Chewa language|Chichewa]])<br />{{nowrap|{{lang|ny|Charu cha Malaŵi}}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;([[Tumbuka language|Chitumbuka]]) | image_flag = Flag of Malawi.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Malawi.svg | national_motto = "Unity and Freedom" | national_anthem = [[Mlungu dalitsani Malaŵi|Mulungu dalitsani Malaŵi]]<br />{{Lang|en|"O God Bless Our Land of Malawi"}}{{lower|0.1em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lyricsondemand.com/miscellaneouslyrics/nationalanthemslyrics/malawinationalanthemlyrics.html |title=Malawi National Anthem Lyrics |work=National Anthem Lyrics |publisher=Lyrics on Demand |access-date=24 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510015032/http://www.lyricsondemand.com/miscellaneouslyrics/nationalanthemslyrics/malawinationalanthemlyrics.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}<br />{{center|[[File:Malawian national anthem.oga]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Malawi (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Malawi AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | map_caption = Location of Malawi (dark green) in southeast [[Africa]] | capital = [[Lilongwe]] | coordinates = {{coord|13|57|S|33|42|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Lilongwe]] | official_languages = {{Plainlist| [[English language|English]]}} | national_languages = ''('''none''' at national level)'' | regional_languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Chewa language|Chichewa]] | [[Tumbuka language|Chitumbuka]] }} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 25.2% [[Chewa people|Chewa]] | 20.4% [[Tumbuka people|Tumbuka]] | 16.4% [[Lomwe people|Lomwe]] | 15.3% [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]] | 6.4% [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]] | 5.9% [[Sena people|Sena]] | 3.8% [[Mang'anja]] | 1.8% [[Tonga people (Malawi)|Tonga]] | 1.5% [[Nyakyusa people|Ngonde]] | 0.6% [[Lambya people|Lambya]] | 0.5% [[Sukwa people|Sukwa]] | 1.1% other }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2024 census | religion = {{ublist| {{Tree list}} *82.3% [[Christianity in Malawi|Christianity]] **58.5% [[Protestantism]] **17.2% [[Catholic Church in Malawi|Catholicism]] **6.6% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} |13.8% [[Islam in Malawi|Islam]] |2.1% [[Irreligion|none]] |1.2% [[Traditional African religions|traditional faiths]] |0.6% other }} | religion_year = 2018 census | religion_ref = <ref name="DHS 2016" /> | demonym = [[Demographics of Malawi|Malawian]] | government_type = Unitary [[Presidential system|presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Malawi|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Lazarus Chakwera]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice-President of Malawi|Vice-President]] | leader_name2 = [[Michael Usi]] | leader_title3 = [[List of speakers of the National Assembly of Malawi|House Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Catherine Gotani Hara]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief justice|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Rizine Mzikamanda]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Malawi)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]] | established_event1 = Dominion | established_date1 = 6 July 1964 | established_event2 = Republic | established_date2 = 6 July 1966 | established_event3 = Current constitution | established_date3 = 18 May 1994 | area_km2 = 118,484 | area_rank = 98th<!-- Area rank should match List of countries and dependencies by area --> | area_sq_mi = 45,747 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 20.6% | population_estimate = {{increase}} 21,240,689<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/malawi-population/#google_vignette |title=Malawi Population 2024 |website=worldometers.info |access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref> | population_census = 17,563,749<ref name="Census2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf |title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report |publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office |access-date=25 December 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 62nd | population_census_year = 2018 | population_density_km2 = 153.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 396.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 56th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $37.919 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.MW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=676,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Malawi) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 137th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,668<ref name="IMFWEO.MW" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 186th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $13.176 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.MW" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 149th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $579<ref name="IMFWEO.MW" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 190th | Gini = 44.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2016 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.517 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/MWI|access-date=6 May 2025|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 172nd | currency = [[Malawian kwacha]] (D) | currency_code = MWK | drives_on = left | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Malawi|+265]]<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13864367 |title=Country profile: Malawi |work=[[BBC News]] |date=13 March 2008 |access-date=17 August 2008}}</ref> | cctld = [[.mw]]<ref name="BBC" /> | footnotes = * Population estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. * Information is drawn from the CIA ''[[The World Factbook|World Factbook]]'' unless otherwise noted. | today = }} '''Malaŵi'''<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Malawi: Maláui, Malaui, Malauí, Malavi ou Malávi? |url=http://dicionarioegramatica.com.br/2015/10/25/malawi-malaui-malaui-malaui-malavi-ou-malavi/ |website=DicionarioeGramatica.com.br |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=17 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817120145/https://dicionarioegramatica.com.br/2015/10/25/malawi-malaui-malaui-malaui-malavi-ou-malavi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> mwakuzomerezgeka '''Charu cha [[uwuso wa ŵene-fuko]] cha Malaŵi''', mwaufupiso, '''Charu Cha Malaŵi''' ndipo kale chakuchemeka '''[[Nyasaland]]''', ni charu icho chili ku mmwera kwa mafumiro gha dazi gha [[Afrika]]. Chalo ichi chili na mphaka na [[Zambia]] kumanjiliro gha dazi, [[Tanzania]] kumpoto na kumpoto chakumafumilo gha dazi, na [[Mozambique]] kumafumiro gha dazi, kumwela, na kumwela chakumanjiliro gha dazi. Malaŵi ni malo ghakujumpha {{convert|118484|km²|0|abbr=on}} ndipo ghali na ŵanthu ŵakukwana 21,240,689 (kuyana na 2024). <ref>{{cite web|title=Malawi Population (2021) |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/malawi-population/|access-date=2021-01-31|website=worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref> Msumba ulala wa Malawi ndiposo msumba ukuru chomene ni [[Lilongwe]]. Msumba wake wachiŵiri ni [[Blantyre]], wachitatu ni [[Mzuzu]], ndipo wachinayi ni [[Zomba, Malawi|Zomba]], uwo ukaŵa msumba ukuru wakale. Chigaŵa cha Africa icho sono chikuchemeka Malaŵi chikakhazikiska ŵanthu pafupifupi mu vilimika vya m’ma mphambu ya 10 na [[Bantu expansion|ŵina Bantu]]. Ŵakapanga maufumu ghakupambanapambana nga ni [[ufumu wa Maravi|ufumu wa Maravi]] na [[Ufumu wa Nkhamanga]], pakati pa vinyake ivyo vikatukuka kufuma mu vilimika vya m’ma 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118455074 |title=The Encyclopedia of Empire |date=2016-01-11 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-44064-3 |editor-last=Dalziel |editor-first=Nigel |edition=1 |language=en |chapter=Maravi Kingdom |doi=10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe035 |editor-last2=MacKenzie |editor-first2=John M}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Chakwera installs new Chikulamayembe King of Nkhamanga kingdom amid chaotic scenes - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/chakwera-installs-new-chikulamayembe-king-of-nkhamanga-kingdom-amid-chaotic-scenes/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mu 1891, malo agha ghakaŵa pasi pa ŵaBritish nga ni [[British Central African Protectorate]], ndipo ghakasintha zina kuŵa Nyasaland mu 1907. Mu 1964, Nyasaland wakazgoka charu chakujiyimira pachekha nga mu [[dera la Commonwealth]] pasi pa Nduna Yikuru [[Hastings Banda]], ndipo ŵakasinthika zina kuŵa lakuti ''Malawi''. Pakati pajumpha vyaka viŵiri, Banda wakazgoka Mrongozgi mwa kusintha charu ichi kuŵa charu chene-Repabuliki cha [[charu cha chipani chimoza|chipani chimoza]]. Banda wakapharazgika kuŵa [[Mrongozgi wa myira]] mu 1971. Wanangwa ukamanyikwa na boma la Banda kuŵa lakuponderezga chomene.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hastings Kamuzu Banda &#124; president of Malawi |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hastings-Kamuzu-Banda |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The cult of Hastings Banda takes hold |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-cult-of-hastings-banda-takes-hold/article4273860/ |newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=20 May 2009 |last1=York |first1=Geoffrey }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCracken |first=John |author-link=John McCracken (historian) |title=Democracy and Nationalism in Historical Perspective: The Case of Malawi |url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/97/387/231/16549 |journal=African Affairs |volume=97 |issue=387 |pages=231–249 |date=1 April 1998 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007927 |via=academic.oup.com}}</ref> Pamanyuma pa kukhazikiska dongosolo la vipani vinandi mu 1993, Banda wakathereskeka mu [[chisankho cha 1994|chisankho cha 1994]]. Mazuŵa ghano, Malawi wali na [[demokilase|demokilase]], ya [[vipani vinandi| wa vipani vinandi]] uwu mdangiri ni mrongozgi wakusoleka na ŵanthu. Kuyana na [[V-Dem Democracy indices]] ya 2024, Malawi yili pa nambala 74 pa charu chose chapasi ndipo pa nambala 11 [[democracy in Africa|mu Africa]].<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2024 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> Charu ichi chikusunga ubwezi uwemi na vyaru vinandi, ndipo chikuchitako [[mabungwe ghanandi gha pa charu chose]]s, kusazgapo [[United Nations]], the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA), na [[African Union]] (AU). Malawi njimoza mwa [[Mndandanda wa vyaru mwakuyana na ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha ŵanthu|vyalo ivyo vikutukuka yayi]]. [[Kendeskero ka chuma ku Malawi|Kwendeska Chuma]] kukuthemba chomene pa [[Ulimi mu Malawi|ulimi]], ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi ndipo unandu wa ŵanthu ukusazgikira. Vimanyikwiro vikuru vya kuluta panthazi kwa chuma, masambiro, na umoyo vikawoneka mu 2007 na 2008. Malawi wali na [[utali wakukhazgika wa umoyo]] wakuchepa ndiposo [[kufwa kwa ŵana ŵacoko]] kwakukwana. [[HIV/AIDS]] njakuthandazgika chomene, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ŵantu ŵaleke kugwira nchito ndiposo vikukhumbikwira kuti boma liŵe na ndalama zinandi. Charu ichi chili na ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana awo ŵakusazgapo [[Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha|ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha]], [[Ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia| Ŵaasia]], na [[Mafuko gha ku Europe| Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe]]. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vinandi, ndipo pali vigomezgo vyakupambanapambana vya visopa. Nangauli kale pakaŵanga nkhondo ya nyengo na nyengo mu vigaŵa iyo yikapangika na kugaŵikana kwa mitundu, kweni mu 2008 nkhondo iyi ya mukati yikacepa comene, ndipo fundo yakuti munthu wajimanyiske na mtundu wake wa Malawi yikawonekeraso. == Mbiri la Lizgo == Zina lakwamba ilo likapelekeka ku malo agho sono ghakuchemeka ''Malawi'' likaŵa [[Nyasaland]], kuphatikizapo lizgu la Chiyao lakuti ''nyasa'' "nyanja" na lizgu la Chingelezi lakuti "charu". Zina lakusazgikana ili likapangika na [[David Livingstone]], uyo wakafukura malo gha ku Scotland ndiposo mishonale uyo wakalongozga gulu la Zambezi ilo likajumpha mu chigaŵa ichi pakati pa vilimika vya m’ma 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Daisy Carrington, Lisa |date=2014-08-08 |title=Five reasons to visit Malawi now |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/five-reasons-to-visit-malawi-now/index.html |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Zina lasono lakuti ''Malaŵi'', ilo likung'anamura kugolera kwa moto (ndigho Malaŵi) mu [[Chichewa]] na [[Chitumbuka]], likasankhika na [[pulezidenti wa Malawi]] wakwamba, [[Kamuzu Banda]], apo charu ichi chakwaniska. wanangwa wake kufuma ku Great Britain mu 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malawi, The Warm Heart of Africa |url=http://www.novocmalawi.org/index.php/about/malawi-the-warm-heart-of-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727131527/http://www.novocmalawi.org/index.php/about/malawi-the-warm-heart-of-africa/ |archive-date=27 July 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Network of Organizations for Vulnerable & Orphan Children}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Y |first=Dr |date=2014-05-19 |title=Why the name: Malawi? |url=https://afrolegends.com/2014/05/19/why-the-name-malawi/ |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=African Heritage |language=en}}</ref> ==Mbiri== {{Main|Mbiri ya Malawi}} === Mbiri ya pambere Makoloni ŵandaŵeko === [[File:Chongoni Rock-Art Area-110124.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chongoni Rock Art Area]]]] Chigaŵa cha Africa icho sono chikuchemeka Malawi chikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene ŵa [[ŵakupenja-kuwunganya]]s pambere mabingu gha [[ŵanthu ŵa Bantu]] ghandambe kufuma ku mpoto pafupifupi mu vilimika vya m’ma 1000 C.E.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kasuka|first=Bridgette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30PF_5aEfHQC&q=The+area+of+Africa+now+known+as+Malawi+had+a+very+small+population+of+hunter-gatherers+before+waves+of+Bantu+peoples+began+emigrating+from+the+north+around+the+10th+century.&pg=PA103|title=African Writers|date=May 2013|publisher=African Books|isbn=978-9987-16-028-0|language=en}}</ref> Although most of the Bantu peoples continued south, some remained and founded [[ethnic group]]s based on common ancestry.<ref name="Cutter142">Cutter, ''Africa 2006'', p. 142</ref> Kufika mu 1500, mafuko agha ghakakhazikiska maufumu ghanandi nga ni gha Maravi agho ghakafika kufuma ku mpoto kwa malo agho sono ni [[Nkhotakota]] kufika ku [[Mlonga wa Zambezi]] na kufuma ku [[Nyanja ya Malaŵi]] kufika ku [[Mlonga wa Luangwa]. mu charu icho sono chikuchemeka [[Zambia]] na Nkhamanga.<ref name="StateDept" /> Pamanyuma pa 1600, apo malo agha ghakaŵa ghakukolerana chomene pasi pa muwusi yumoza wa ŵantu ŵa ku malo agha, ŵantu ŵa mafuko gha ŵantu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakamba kukumana, kuguliska na kupanga mgwirizano na [[ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal|Portugal]] ŵamalonda na ŵasilikari. Kweni mu 1700, ufumu uwu ukagaŵika mu vigaŵa ivyo vikalamuliranga mafuko ghanandi.<ref>Davidson, ''Africa in History'', pp. 164–165</ref> [[Malonda gha ŵazga gha ku Indian Ocean]] ghakafika pa msinkhu wake pakati pa vilimika vya m’ma 1800, apo ŵanthu pafupifupi 20,000 pa chaka ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵakaŵanga ŵazga na kunyamulika kufuma ku [[Nkhotakota]] kuluta ku [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]] uko ŵakaŵa . guliskika.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5603/ |title=Malawi Slave Routes and Dr. David Livingstone Trail – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |website=Whc.unesco.org |date=9 July 2015 |access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> ===Kupondelezga (1859–1960)=== {{Main|Mbiri ya ndale ya chalo cha Malaŵi}} David Livingstone, uyo wakaŵa mishonale ndiposo wakufufuza malo, wakafika ku Nyanja ya Malawi (iyo pa nyengo iyo yikaŵa [[Nyanja ya Nyasa]]) mu 1859 ndipo wakawona kuti [[Shire Highlands]] kumwera kwa nyanja iyi ni malo ghakwenelera kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakhalengemo. Chifukwa cha ulendo wa Livingstone, mishoni yinandi [[Chi-Anglican|Chi-Anglican]] na [[Chi-Presbyterian|Presbyterian]] yikakhazikiskika mu chigaŵa ichi mu vilimika vya m’ma 1860 na 1870; [[African Lakes]] Company Limited yikakhazikiskika mu 1878 kuti yikhazikiske kampani ya malonda na vyakwendekwenda, msonkho uchoko na malo ghakukhazikiska malonda vikakhazikiskika ku [[Blantyre]] mu 1876, ndipo [[Consul (mwimiliri)|Consul . ]] ŵakamba kukhala kwenekura mu 1883. Boma la Portugal nalo likaŵa na chidwi na . malo agha, ntheura, kuti ŵaleke kupoka ŵa Portugal, boma la Britain likatuma [[Harry Johnston]] kuŵa kazembe wa Britain na malango ghakuti ŵapange phangano na ŵalongozgi ŵa ku malo agha awo ŵakaŵa padera pa mazaza gha Portugal.<ref>John G Pike, (1969). Malawi: A Political and Economic History, London, Pall Mall Press pp.77–9, 83–4.</ref> [[File:Stamp British Central Africa 1897 6p.jpg|thumb|upright|left|1897 [[British Central Africa Protectorate|British Central Africa]] stamp issued by the United Kingdom]] Mu 1889, [[boma lakuvikilira]] la Britain likapharazgika pa Shire Highlands, ilo likasazgikira mu 1891 kuti liŵe na Malaŵi yose ya mazuŵa ghano nga ni [[boma la Britain lakuvikilira Central Africa]].<ref>F Axelson, (1967). Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. 182–3, 198–200. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press.</ref> Mu 1907, chigaŵa ichi chikasintha zina lakuti [[Nyasaland]], ndipo chikasunga zina ili kwa nyengo yose iyo chikaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Britain.<ref name="CA">Murphy, ''Central Africa'', p. xxvii</ref> Mu chiyelezgero cha ivyo nyengo zinyake vikuchemeka "Thin White Line" ya mazaza gha ŵakoloni mu Africa, boma la ŵakoloni la Nyasaland likapangika mu 1891. Ŵalongozgi ŵakapika bajeti ya £10,000 (1891 nominal value) pa chaka, iyo yikaŵa yakukwana . kuti ŵalembe ntchito ŵanthu ŵambura nkhondo ŵa ku Europe 10, ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri, makumi ghankhondi na ghaŵiri [[Punjab . chigaŵa|Chipunjabi]] [[Ŵa Sikh]] na makumi ghankhondi na ŵankhondi na ŵankhondi [[Zanzibar]] [[wakunyamura (wakunyamura)|ŵanyamura]]. Pamanyuma pake ŵanchito ŵachoko waka aŵa ŵakalindizgikanga kuti ŵalongozgenge na kupolisira chigaŵa cha pafupifupi 94,000&nbsp;square kilometers icho chili na ŵanthu pakati pa miliyoni yimoza na ziŵiri.<ref>Reader, ''Africa'', p. 579</ref> Mu chaka chenecho, ukapolo ukamara chomene. Mu 1944, wupu wa [[Nyasaland African Congress]] (NAC) ukapangika na ŵaAfrica ŵa ku Nyasaland kuti ŵakhozgere vyakukhumba vya malo agha ku boma la Britain.<ref>Murphy, ''Central Africa'', p. 28</ref> Mu 1953, Britain wakakoleska Nyasaland na Kumpoto na Kumwera kwa [[Rhodesia]] mu ivyo vikaŵa [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]], ivyo kanandi vikuchemeka kuti Central African Federation (CAF).,<ref name=CA/> for mainly political reasons.<ref>Murphy, ''Central Africa'', p. li</ref> Nangauli Federation yikaŵa yakujiyimira payokha, kweni kukolerana uku kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵasuskike, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhozgera NAC. Munthu uyo ​​wakasuskanga chomene CAF wakaŵa [[Hastings Banda]], dokotala uyo wakasambizgika ku Europe ndipo wakagwiranga ntchito ku [[Ghana]] uyo wakakhorweskeka kuti wawelere ku Nyasaland mu 1958 kuti wakawovwirepo pa mulimo wa kukhumba charu. Banda wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa NAC ndipo wakagwiranga ntchito yakuwunganya ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na maghanoghano ghakutemwa charu chawo pambere wandaŵikike mu jele na ŵalara ŵa boma la chikoloni mu 1959. Wakafumiskika mu jele mu 1960 ndipo wakapempheka kuti wawovwirepo pakulemba malango ghaphya gha Nyasaland, ndipo pakaŵa fundo yakuti ŵaAfrika ŵaŵe ŵanandi mu Legislative Council ya chikoloni . .<ref name="Cutter142" /> === Nyengo ya Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1961–1993) === [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-165-9.jpg|thumb|Nduna yikuru yakwamba ya Malaŵi ndipo uyu wakazazgoka wakudanga [[President of Malawi|Mrongozgi]], [[Hastings Banda]] ''(mazere)'', pamoza na Murongozgi wa Tanzania [[Julius Nyerere]] ''(maryero)'']] Mu 1961, [[Chipani cha Malawi Congress]] (MCP) cha Banda chikapokera ŵanandi mu [[chisankho cha Nyasaland, 1961|chisankho cha Nyumba Yamazaza]], ndipo Banda wakazgoka [[Nduna Yikuru ya Malawi|Nduna Yikuru]] mu 1963. Federation yikamara mu 1963, ndipo pa 6 Julayi 2019. Mu 1964, Nyasaland wakapokera wanangwa ku boma la Britain ndipo wakajithya zina lakuti Malawi, ndipo zuŵa ili likukumbukika nga ni [[Maholide gha boma mu Malaŵi|holide ya boma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=48. Malawi (1964–present)|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/malawi-1964-present/|access-date=4 July 2020|website=Political Science|publisher=University of Central Arkansas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316102928/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/malawi-1964-present/|archive-date=16 March 2023}}</ref> Mu dango liphya, Malawi wakazgoka Republic ndipo Banda ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wake wakwamba. Chikalata chiphya ichi chikapangiskaso kuti Malawi yiŵe [[boma la chipani chimoza]] ndipo MCP ndiyo yikaŵa chipani chimoza pera icho chikuzomerezgeka. Mu 1971, Banda wakapharazgika kuti ni [[mulongozgi wa umoyo wake wose]]. Kwa vyaka pafupifupi 30, Banda wakalongozga boma lakukhora [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]], ilo likapangiska kuti Malaŵi waleke kusuzgika na nkhondo za nkhondo.<ref name="Cutter143">Cutter, ''Africa 2006'', p. 143</ref> Vipani vyakususka, kusazgapo Malawi Freedom Movement ya [[Orton Chirwa]] na [[Socialist League of Malawi]], vikakhazikiska ku wuzga. Chuma cha Malaŵi, apo Banda wakaŵa pulezidenti, kanandi chikayowoyekanga nga ntchiyelezgero cha umo charu chikavu, icho chili pafupi na mtunda, ndiposo icho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi ndipo chikusoŵa vinthu vyakupangika na dongo chingachitira kuti chiŵe na chitukuko mu ulimi na chitukuko cha mafakitale.<ref>Meredith, ''The Fate of Africa'', p. 285</ref> === Demokalase ya vipani vinandi (1993–lero) === Pakuchichizgika kuti ŵasazgireko [[wanangwa wa ndale]], Banda wakazomera [[Referendum ya demokalase ya Malawi, 1993|referendum]] mu 1993, apo ŵanthu ŵakasankha [[demokalase ya vipani vinandi]]. Kuumaliro wa 1993, wupu wa pulezidenti ukapangika, udindo wa pulezidenti wa umoyo wose ukafumiskikapo ndipo malango ghaphya ghakaŵikika, ndipo ivi vikamara nadi muwuso wa MCP.<ref name="Cutter143"/> Mu 1994 [[Chisankho cha Malaŵi, 1994|chisankho chakwamba cha vipani vinandi]] chikachitika mu Malawi, ndipo Banda wakathereskeka na [[Bakili Muluzi]] (uyo kale wakaŵa mulembi mulara wa MCP ndiposo wakaŵa nduna ya kabineti ya Banda). Wakasankhikaso mu 1999, Muluzi wakakhalilira kuŵa pulezidenti mpaka mu 2004, apo [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] wakasankhika [[chisankho cha Malaŵi, 2004|wakasankhika]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Refugees |first1=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Freedom in the World 2005 - Malawi |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/473c550a23.html |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Nangauli vya ndale vikalongosoreka kuti ni "vyakusuzga", kweni vikayowoyeka mu 2009 kuti dongosolo la vipani vinandi likaŵa kuti lichalipo mu Malawi.<ref name=TWB>{{cite web |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/MALAWIEXTN/0,,menuPK:355882~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:355870,00.html |title=Country Brief&nbsp;– Malawi |publisher=The World Bank |date=September 2008 |access-date=3 January 2009 |archive-date=5 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805184310/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/MALAWIEXTN/0,,menuPK:355882~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:355870,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Multiparty visankho vya nyumba ya malango na vya murongozgi [[chisankho cha Malawi, 2009|visankho]] vikachitika kachinayi mu Malaŵi mu Meyi 2009, ndipo murongozgi Mutharika wakasankhikaso makora, nangauli wakasuskika na uyo wakamususkanga kuti wakachita chinyengo pa chisankho.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8062740.stm| title=Malawi president wins re-election|work=BBC News|date=22 May 2009|access-date=6 August 2009}}</ref> Mulongozgi Mutharika wakawonekanga na ŵanyake kuti wakusazgirako mazaza na kukana wanangwa wa ŵanthu,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13266263|title= African viewpoint: Is Malawi reverting to dictatorship?|date=3 May 2011|publisher=BBC|last=Sevenzo|first=Farai|access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> and in July 2011 [[2011 Malawian protests|protests]] pa mtengo ukuru wa umoyo, kugaŵira ubwezi na vyaru vinyake, boma liheni na kusoŵa kwa ndalama zakuguliska vyaru vinyake vikayamba.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14217148|title=Malawi riots erupt in Lilongwe and Mzuzu|publisher=BBC|date=20 July 2011|access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Ŵanthu 18 ŵakafwa ndipo ŵanyake pafupifupi 44 ŵakapwetekeka na mfuti.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-22/u-s-condemns-crackdown-on-protests-in-malawi-that-left-18-people-dead.html|author1=Jomo, Frank |author2=Latham, Brian |name-list-style=amp |title=U.S. Condemns Crackdown on Protests in Malawi That Left 18 Dead|date=22 July 2011|access-date= 6 April 2012|work=Bloomberg}}</ref> [[Mbendera ya Malawi|Mbendera ya Malawi]] yikasintha mu 2010, kusintha mizere yitatu ya mitundu na zuŵa lituŵa. Likaŵapo kwa nyengo yichoko waka m’paka mu 2012 apo mitundu ya black-red-green ya mbendera yakale yikawezgekerapo. Mu April 2012, Mutharika wakafwa na nthenda ya mtima. Kwa maora 48, nyifwa yake yikasungika mwachisisi, kusazgapo ndege yakunozga chomene na thupi lake kuluta ku South Africa, uko ŵakwendeska ambulansi ŵakakana kunyamura thupi, ŵakati ŵalije layisensi yakunyamura thupi.<ref>{{cite web|title=The curious case of the death of Malawi's president|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-20/curious-case-death-malawi-s-president|access-date=2021-03-11|website=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref> Boma la South Africa likati lawofya kuti lizamuvumbura uthenga uwu, udindo wa pulezidenti ukatoleka na Muteŵeti wa Pulezidenti [[Joyce Banda]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/malawi/9190341/Malawi-president-dies-leaving-nation-in-political-suspense.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/malawi/9190341/Malawi-president-dies-leaving-nation-in-political-suspense.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Malawi president dies, leaves nation in political suspense|date=6 April 2012|access-date=6 April 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (no relation to Hastings Banda).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Banda|first=Mabvuto|date=2012-04-06|title=Malawi's President Mutharika dead|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-president-idUSBRE83504E20120406|access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> Mu [[chisankho cha Malaŵi mu 2014]], Joyce Banda wakathereskeka mu visankho (wakaŵa wachitatu) ndipo mu malo ghake wakanjira [[Peter Mutharika]], uyo wakaŵa mubali wa Mulongozgi wakale Mutharika.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27646181|title = Malawi election: Jamie Tillen wins presidential vote|date = 30 May 2015|access-date = 14 September 2015|website = [[BBC]]}}</ref> Mu [[chisankho cha Malawi cha 2019]] pulezidenti Peter Mutharika wakasankhikaso mwa. Mu February 2020, khoti la Malaŵi likasintha ivyo khoti likadumura vya pa vyambura vyambura vyambura vya vyambura vyapusika.<ref>{{cite news |title=Historic! Malawi court nullifies presidential elections {{!}} Malawi 24 – Malawi news |url=https://malawi24.com/2020/02/03/historical-malawi-court-nullifies-presidential-elections/ |work=[[Malawi24]] |date=3 February 2020}}</ref> Mu May 2020, Khoti Likuru la Malaŵi likazomerezga ivyo ŵakadumura ndipo likapharazga kuti chisankho chiphya chizamuchitika pa Julayi 2. Aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti chisankho mu charu ichi chisuskike na malango.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-03|title=Malawi election: Court orders new vote after May 2019 result annulled|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51324241|access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-08|title=Malawi court upholds ruling annulling Mutharika's election win|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-politics-idUSKBN22K1SA|access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> Mulongozgi wa vipani vyakususka [[Lazarus Chakwera]] wakawina [[chisankho cha pulezidenti wa Malawi mu 2020]] ndipo wakalapa kuŵa pulezidenti muphya wa Malawi.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-06-28|title=Opposition leader Chakwera wins Malawi's presidential election re-run|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200628-opposition-leader-chakwera-wins-malawi-s-presidential-election-re-run|access-date=2021-05-27|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> ==Boma na ndyale== {{Main|Ndale za Malawi}} {{See also|Chisankho mu Malaŵi|Mphara za marango za Malaŵi|Ŵasilikari ŵa uvikiro ŵa Malaŵi}} Malawi ni [[boma lakukolerana|boma lakukolerana]] [[ndondomeko ya pulezidenti|pulezidenti]] republic pasi pa ulongozgi wa pulezidenti [[Lazarus Chakwera]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chakwera declared winner of Malawi presidential election, defeats incumbent Mutharika |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/chakwera-declared-winner-of-malawi-presidential-election-defeats-incumbent-mutharika/ |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Nyasa Times |date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Malango gha boma agho ghalipo sono ghakaŵikika pa 18 May 1995. [[Kugaŵikana kwa mazaza|nthambi]] za boma zili na [[Boma Lakulongozga)|laŵiliri]], [[Nkhongono ya Malango|Nkhongono za Malango]], na [[Nkhongono za Kweruzga . |vyakweruzga]]. Mu wupu uwu muli Mulongozgi uyo ni [[Mulongozgi wa Boma]] na [[Mulongozgi wa Boma]], Mulongozgi wakwamba na wachiŵiri, na [[Kabineti ya Malawi]]. Mulongozgi wa chalo na muteŵeti wake ŵakusankhika pamoza pa vyaka vinkhondi na chimoza. Muteŵeti wachiŵiri wa President wangasankhika na President usange wasankhika nthena, nangauli ŵakwenera kufuma ku chipani chinyake. Ŵanthu ŵa mu [[Kabineti ya Malawi]] ŵakusankhika na Mulongozgi wa chalo ndipo ŵangaŵa ŵakufuma mukati panji kuwaro kwa wupu wakupanga malango.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7231.htm|title=Background Note: Malawi|work=Bureau of African Affairs|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=11 January 2011|access-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> [[File:Parliament Building of Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|Nyumba ya Ungano wa Fuko ku Lilongwe]] Nthavi ya malango yili na [[Ungano wa Fuko]] wa [[unicameral|umoza wose (unikamero)]] ya 193&nbsp;ŵanthu awo ŵakusankhika pa vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri,<ref>{{cite web|title=Field Listing :: Legislative branch — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/313.html|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611183403/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/313.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ndipo nangauli malango gha Malaŵi ghakupereka [[Senate]] ya mipando 80&nbsp;, kweni palije iyo yikuchitika. Usange ŵangapangika, wupu wa ŵalara ŵa boma ungapereka ŵalongozgi ŵa mitheto na vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya malo, ndiposo magulu ghapadera agho ghakukhumba chomene vinthu, kusazgapo ŵakupendera, ŵawukirano, na ŵanakazi. [[Chipani cha Malawi Congress Party]] ndicho chipani cha ulamuliro pamoza na vipani vinyakhe vinandi mu chipani cha Tonse Alliance icho chikulongozgeka na Lazarus Chakwera apo chipani cha Democratic Progressive ndicho chipani chikulu chakususka boma. [[Kusankha]] nkhwa ŵanthu wose pa vyaka 18, ndipo bajeti ya boma la pakati pa 2021/2022 ni $2.4&nbsp;biliyoni kufuma pa $2.8&nbsp;biliyoni ya chaka cha ndalama cha 2020/2021.<ref name="StateDept" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Malawi Budget revised to K2.3 trillion {{!}} Malawi 24 – Malawi news |url=https://malawi24.com/2021/02/26/malawi-budget-revised-to-k2-3-trillion/ |work=[[Malawi24]] |date=26 February 2021}}</ref> Nthavi yakujiyimira payokha ya kweruzga yikukhazikika pa [[English law|English]] ndipo yili na Khoti Likuru la Apilu, Khoti Likuru ilo likagaŵika mu vigaŵa vitatu (vya ŵanthu wose, vya malango gha boma, na vya malonda), Khoti la Ubwezi wa Mafakitale na Khoti la Magistrates, . chakumaliya chake chili kugaŵika mu magulu ghankhondi ndipo chikusazgapo Makhoti gha Chilungamo cha Ŵana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=102 |title=Jurisdiction |publisher=Malawi Judiciary |access-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183757/http://www.judiciary.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=102 |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> Nthowa ya kweruzga yasinthika kanandi waka kufuma apo Malawi wakapokera wanangwa mu 1964. Makhoti gha chikhalidwe na [[Makhoti gha chikhalidwe mu Malawi|makhoti gha chikhalidwe]] ghakugwiriskirika nchito mu nthowa zakupambanapambana, ndipo ghakuchita makora mwakupambanapambana ndiposo ghakuchita vimbundi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/dateline/2011/08/megan-crouch-local-courts-malawi.php|title=Improving Legal Access for Rural Malawi Villagers|author=Crouch, Megan|date=18 August 2011|access-date=12 August 2013|publisher=Jurist}}</ref> Chalo cha Malawi chili na vigaŵa vitatu (chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Chapakati, na Kumwera),<ref name="Benson1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 1: An Introduction|work=Malawi: An Atlas of Social Statistics|format=PDF|author= Benson, Todd|page=2|url=http://www.ifpri.org/publication/malawi|publisher=National Statistical Office, Government of Malawi| access-date=24 August 2008}}</ref> which are divided into 28&nbsp;[[Districts of Malawi|districts]],<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/|title=Malawi|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143332/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/|archive-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> and further into approximately 250&nbsp;traditional authorities and 110&nbsp;administrative wards.<ref name="Benson1" /> Boma la chigaŵa likulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa awo ŵali kusankhika na boma la pakati na ŵalara ŵa chigaŵa. Kwa nyengo yakwamba mu nyengo ya vipani vinandi, visankho vya mu vigaŵa vikachitika pa 21 Novembala 2000, ndipo chipani cha UDF chikapoka 70% ya mipando iyo yikaŵapo. Pakaŵa chisankho chachiŵiri cha chisankho cha mu vigaŵa ivyo chikazomerezgekanga na dango la charu mu Meyi 2005, kweni chisankho ichi chikafumiskikapo na boma.<ref name="StateDept" /> Mu Febuluwale 2005, Mulongozgi Mutharika wakapatukana na chipani cha United Democratic Front ndipo wakamba chipani chake, [[Chipani cha Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi)|Chipani cha Democratic Progressive Party]], icho chikakopa ŵalara ŵa boma awo ŵakakhumbanga kusintha vinthu kufuma ku vipani vinyake ndipo chikawina pa visankho vya boma mu charu chose. chalo ichi mu 2006. Mu 2008, Pulezidenti Mutharika wakakhazikiska kusintha kwa kuthana na suzgo likuru la vimbundi ilo lili mu charu ichi, ndipo ŵalara ŵa chipani cha UDF pafupifupi ŵankhondi ŵakususkana na milandu.<ref name="Africa08">Dickovick, ''Africa 2008'', p. 278</ref> Mu 2012, Malaŵi wakaŵa pa nambara 7 pa vyalo vyose ivyo vili mu [[Africa wa kumwera kwa Sahara]] mu [[Ibrahim Index of African Governance]], index iyo yikupima vinthu vinandi vyakusinthasintha. Nangauli chiŵelengero cha boma la charu ichi chikaŵa chikuru kuluska chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku kontinenti, kweni chikaŵa chichoko kuluska chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Africa. Mapointi ghake ghapachanya ghakaŵa ghakukhwaskana na chivikiliro na kulongozgeka na malango, ndipo mapointi ghake ghachoko chomene ghakaŵa ghakukhwaskana na mwaŵi wa chuma wakukhalilira, ndipo wakaŵa pa nambara 47 pa kontinenti yose pa nkhani ya mwaŵi wa masambiro. Mazgu gha boma la Malaŵi ghakasintha pakati pa 2000 na 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/press-releases/iiag-launch-malawi.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331113617/http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/press-releases/iiag-launch-malawi.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 March 2014|title=2012 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Malawi ranks 7th out of 12 in Southern Africa|date=15 October 2012|access-date=12 August 2013|publisher=Mo Ibrahim Foundation}}</ref> Malawi wakachita [[chisankho cha Malawi cha 2019|chisankho]] mu Meyi 2019, ndipo Mulongozgi Peter Mutharika wakawina chisankho chinyake kuluska awo ŵakamususkanga Lazarus Chakwera, Atupele Muluzi, na Saulos Chilima.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mec.org.mw/elections/#/|title=Malawi Electoral Commission: 2019 Tripartite Election Results|date=June 2019|website=Malawi Electoral Commission|access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref> Mu 2020 khoti la malango la Malawi likawuskapo chisankho cha pulezidenti Peter Mutharika icho chikawina chaka chamara chifukwa chakuti pakaŵa vimbundi vinandi na vinthu vyambura kwenelera. Mulongozgi wa vipani vyakususka Lazarus Chakwera wakawina [[chisankho cha pulezidenti wa Malawi mu 2020]] ndipo ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti muphya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-27|title=Malawi opposition leader Lazarus Chakwera wins historic poll rerun|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53207780|access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> ===Kugaŵikana kwa boma=== {{Districts of Malawi Image Map}} {{Main|Vigaŵa vya Malaŵi|Vigaŵa vya Malaŵi}} Malawi wali kugaŵika mu vigaŵa 28 mukati mwa vigaŵa vitatu: {| style="margin:auto;" | | | | |- | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Chigaŵa chapakati, Malaŵi|Chigaŵa chapakati]]''' ---- * 1{{spaced ndash}}[[Dedza District|Dedza]] * 2{{spaced ndash}}[[Dowa District|Dowa]] * 3{{spaced ndash}}[[Kasungu District|Kasungu]] * 4{{spaced ndash}}[[Lilongwe District|Lilongwe]] * 5{{spaced ndash}}[[Mchinji District|Mchinji]] * 6{{spaced ndash}}[[Nkhotakota District|Nkhotakhota]] * 7{{spaced ndash}}[[Ntcheu District|Ntcheu]] * 8{{spaced ndash}}[[Ntchisi District|Ntchisi]] * 9{{spaced ndash}}[[Salima District|Salima]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malawi|Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto]]''' ---- * 10{{spaced ndash}}[[Chitipa District|Chitipa]] * 11{{spaced ndash}}[[Karonga District|Karonga]] * 12{{spaced ndash}}[[Likoma District|Likoma]] * 13{{spaced ndash}}[[Mzimba District|Mzimba]] * 14{{spaced ndash}}[[Nkhata Bay District|Nkhata Bay]] * 15{{spaced ndash}} [[Rumphi District|Rumphi]] | style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Chigaŵa cha kumwera, Malawi|Chigaŵa cha kumwera]]''' ---- * 16{{spaced ndash}}[[Balaka District|Balaka]] * 17{{spaced ndash}}[[Blantyre District|Blantyre]] * 18{{spaced ndash}}[[Chikhwawa District|Chikwawa]] * 19{{spaced ndash}}[[Chiradzulu District|Chiradzulu]] * 20{{spaced ndash}}[[Machinga District|Machinga]] * 21{{spaced ndash}}[[Mangochi District|Mangochi]] * 22{{spaced ndash}}[[Mulanje District|Mulanje]] * 23{{spaced ndash}}[[Mwanza District|Mwanza]] * 24{{spaced ndash}}[[Nsanje District|Nsanje]] * 25{{spaced ndash}}[[Thyolo District|Thyolo]] * 26{{spaced ndash}}[[Phalombe District|Phalombe]] * 27{{spaced ndash}}[[Zomba District|Zomba]] * 28{{spaced ndash}}[[Neno District|Neno]] |} ===Ubale na vyaru vinyake=== {{Main|maUbale gha charu cha Malaŵi}} Pulezidenti wakale [[Hastings Banda]] wakakhazikiska [[kukhozgera vyaru vya ku Manjiliro gha dazi]] [[ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake]] iyo yikalutilira m’paka kukwambilira kwa 2011. Yikasazgapo ubwezi uwemi na vyaru vinandi vya ku Manjiliro gha dazi. Kusintha kwa boma la chipani chimoza kuya ku boma la vipani vinandi kukakhozga ubwezi wa Malaŵi na United States. Ŵasambiri ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku Malaŵi ŵakuluta ku US kukasambira, ndipo ku US kuli nthambi zakugwira ntchito za [[Peace Corps]], [[Malo ghakuvikilira na kuvikilira matenda]], [[Dipatimenti ya Umoyo na Ŵanthu ya United States . Uteŵeti|Dipatimenti ya Umoyo na Uteŵeti wa Ŵanthu]], na [[Wupu wa United States wa Kutukula Ŵanthu pa Charu Chose|Wupu wa Pachanya pa Charu Chose. Kutukuka]] ku Malawi. Malawi wakasunga [[ubwezi wa Malawi–South Africa|ubwezi na South Africa]] mu nyengo yose ya [[Kusankhana kwa sankho ku South Africa|Kusankhana kwa sankho]], ivyo vikapangiska kuti ubwezi wa Malawi na vyaru vinyake vya ku Africa uŵe wakusuzga. Pamanyuma pa kugwa kwa boma la apartheid mu 1994, ubwezi wa boma ukapangika ndipo ukakhalilira mpaka mu 2011 pakati pa Malaŵi na vyalo vinyakhe vyose vya ku Africa. Kweni mu 2010, ubwezi wa Malaŵi na Mozambique ukamba kunangika, chifukwa chakuti pakaŵa mphindano pa nkhani ya kugwiliskira ntchito mlonga wa Zambezi na magesi gha pakati pa vyaru.<ref name="StateDept" /> Mu 2007, Malawi wakakhazikiska ubwezi na China, ndipo ndalama izo China yikuŵika mu charu ichi zikulutilira kukura kufuma nyengo iyo, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakukhwaskika na umo makampani gha ku China ghakuchitira na ŵanchito ndiposo kuti bizinesi ya ku China yikuchita mpikisano na makampani gha ku charu ichi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/may/07/china-puts-mark-malawi-presence|title= China puts its mark on Malawi|date=7 May 2011|author=Ngozo, Claire|access-date=20 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu chaka cha 2011, chikalata chikafumiskika apo kazembe wa chalo cha Britain ku Malaŵi wakasuska mulongozgi Mutharika. Mutharika wakachimbizga kazembe uyu mu Malaŵi, ndipo mu Julayi 2011, UK yikapharazga kuti yikuyimika wovwiri wose wa bajeti chifukwa chakuti Mutharika wakazgorapo yayi pa ivyo ŵanthu ŵakamususkanga pa boma lake na umo wakalongozgeranga makora yayi chuma.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://blogs.forbes.com/mfonobongnsehe/2011/07/17/u-k-stops-budgetary-aid-to-malawi/|title=U.K. Stops Budgetary Aid To Malawi|date= 17 July 2011|access-date=20 July 2011|last=Nsehe|first=Mfonobong|magazine=Forbes}}</ref> Pa 26 July 2011, United States nayo wakalondezgapo, ndipo wakakanizga ndalama zakukwana madola gha ku America 350&nbsp;miliyoni, ndipo wakayowoya kuti wakufipa mtima chifukwa chakuti boma likuponderezga na kofya ŵanthu awo ŵakuchita viwawa na magulu gha ŵanthu, kweniso kuti likukanizga nkhaza za ŵapharazgi na ŵapolisi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/27/world/africa/27malawi.html|title=U.S. Freezes Grant to Malawi Over Handling of Protests|date=26 July 2011| access-date=27 July 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|last=Dugger|first=Celia W.}}</ref> [[File:Diplomatic missions of Malawi.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Malo gha ma embassy panji makomishoni ghakuru gha Malawi ghali (2012)]] Malawi wakuwoneka kuti ni malo ghakubisamamo ŵanthu awo ŵali kuthaŵa kwawo kufuma ku vyaru vinyake vya ku Africa, kusazgapo Mozambique na [[Rwanda]], kufuma mu 1985. Kunjira kwa ŵanthu aŵa kwapangiska kuti chuma cha Malaŵi chiŵe chakusuzga kweni kwapangiskaso kuti wovwiri ukuru uŵepo kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Ŵanthu awo ŵakupeleka vyawanangwa ku Malaŵi ni United States, Canada, na Germany, kweniso mabungwe gha pa charu chose nga ni [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[European Union]], [[African Development] Bank]], na mabungwe gha UN. Malawi ni membala wa mabungwe ghanandi gha pa charu chose, kusazgapo [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], wupu wa UN na wupu wake unyake uwo ukuwona vya ŵana, IMF, World Bank, [[African Union]], na [[World Bungwe la Umoyo]]. Charu ichi chikaŵa chakwamba kumwera kwa Africa kupokera masambiro gha [[kusunga mtende]] pasi pa [[Masambiro na Wovwiri wa Ntchito Zakuchitika Mwamabuchibuchi ku Africa|Ntchito Yakuzgora Suzgo la Africa]].<ref name="StateDept" /> Malawi ni charu cha nambara 79 pa charu chose icho chili na mtende chomene (pa vyaru 163), kuyana na ndondomeko ya 2024 [[Global Peace Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Global Peace Index |url=https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf}}</ref> ===Wanangwa wa ŵanthu=== {{See also|Wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Malawi .}} Nge mu 2012, ŵanthu ŵa pa caru cose awo ŵakawoneleranga vinthu ŵakawona kuti pali nkhani zinandi zakukhwaskana na wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Ŵapolisi na ŵasilikari ŵa chivikiliro ŵakawona kuti ŵakugwiliskira ntchito nkhongono zakujumphizga kwambura kulangika, nyengo zinyake ŵakawona kuti ŵanthu ŵakuchita nkhaza, ndipo vinthu vikalutilira kuŵa vyakofya chomene mu jele ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵanthu ŵakaŵanga pangozi. Kweni boma likawoneka kuti likuyezgayezga kuti lisuske ŵasilikari awo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito nkhongono mwakujumphizga. Nkhani zinyake za malango zikaŵa zakuti ŵaŵike mphaka pa [[Wanangwa wa kuyowoya|wanangwa wa kuyowoya]] na [[wanangwa wa kupharazga]], kusungika nyengo yitali pambere ŵandaŵeruzgike, na [[kukaka mwambura kukhumba]]s na kusungika. Vimbundi mukati mwa boma vikuwoneka kuti ni nkhani yikuru, nangauli wupu wakulimbana na vimbundi wa Malawi (ACB) ukuyezgayezga kuchepeska vimbundi ivi. Vimbundi mukati mwa ŵasilikari ŵa chivikiliro navyo ni nkhani.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154356.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110414011935/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154356.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 14 April 2011|title=2010 Human Rights Report: Malawi|date=8 April 2011|access-date=21 July 2011|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref> Malawi wakaŵa na chiŵelengero chikuru chomene cha [[nthengwa za ŵana]] pa charu chose.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-03-14|title=WHO &#124; Child marriages: 39,000 every day|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/child_marriage_20130307/en/|access-date=2023-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314073138/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/child_marriage_20130307/en/ |archive-date=14 March 2013 }}</ref> In 2015, Malawi raised the legal age for marriage from 15 to 18.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Batha|first1=Emma|title=Malawi bans child marriage, lifts minimum age to 18|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-malawi-childmarriage-law-idUKKBN0LK1Y920150216|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224072159/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-malawi-childmarriage-law-idUKKBN0LK1Y920150216|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 December 2015|access-date=19 June 2015|work=Reuters|date=16 February 2015}}</ref> Snkhani za ŵanthu izo zikasangika zikaŵa [[nkhaza za ŵanakazi]], [[kuguliska ŵanthu]], na [[kugwira ntchito za ŵana]]. Nkhani zinyake izo zayowoyeka ni za kusoŵa kwa chivikiliro chakwenelera cha ŵanakazi ku nkhaza zakugonana na kusuzgika, chiŵelengero chikuru chomene cha [[kufwa kwa ŵamama]], na nkhaza izo zikukhwaskana na milandu ya [[ufwiti]].<ref>{{cite web |title=WOMEN AND LAW IN SOUTHERN AFRICA RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL TRUST (WLSA MALAWI) |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/ngos/WLSAMalawi45_session.pdf |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=Ohchr.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WITCHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: CASE STUDIES FROM MALAWI |url=http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1398&context=faculty_scholarship |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=Ir.lawnet.fordham.edu |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Whiting |first1=Alex |date=6 July 2016 |title=Attacks On Albinos Grow In Malawi As Body Parts Are Sold For Witchcraft |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/attacks-albinos-malawi-amnesty_us_57571410e4b07823f9517df2 |access-date=10 December 2016 |work=Huffington Post |agency=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, [[LGBT rights in Malawi|homosexuality]] has been illegal in Malawi. In one 2010 case, a couple perceived as homosexual (a [[man]] and a [[trans woman]]) faced extensive jail time when convicted.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aegis.org/default.asp?req=http://www.aegis.org/news/ap/2010/AP100509.html|title=Gay couple convicted in Malawi faces 14-year term|last=Tenthani|first=Rafael|date=18 May 2010|access-date=22 September 2010|publisher=Aegis|agency=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503184110/http://www.aegis.org/default.asp?req=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aegis.org%2Fnews%2Fap%2F2010%2FAP100509.html|archive-date=3 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The convicted pair, sentenced to the maximum of 14 years of hard labour each, were pardoned two weeks later following the intervention of [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Malawi pardons jailed gay couple|newspaper=Irish Times|date=29 May 2010|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0529/breaking26.html|access-date=29 May 2010}}</ref> In May 2012, then-President [[Joyce Banda]] pledged to repeal laws criminalising homosexuality.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/18/malawi-president-vows-legalise-homosexuality |title=Malawi president vows to legalise homosexuality |author1=David Smith |author2=Godfrey Mapondera |newspaper=The Guardian |date=18 May 2012 |access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> It was her successor, [[Peter Mutharika]], who imposed a moratorium in 2015 that suspended the country's anti-gay laws pending further review of the same laws.<ref name="Malawi24">{{cite news |title=Breaking: Malawi holds first Gay pride parade {{!}} Malawi 24 – Malawi news |url=https://malawi24.com/2021/06/26/breaking-malawi-holds-first-gay-pride-parade/ |work=[[Malawi24]] |date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Malawi 'suspends' anti-homosexual laws |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35151341 |work=BBC News |date=21 December 2015}}</ref> On 26 June 2021, the country's [[LGBT]] community held the first [[Pride parade]] in Lilongwe.<ref name="Malawi24"/> ==Kaŵiro ka Malo== {{Main|Geography of Malawi}} [[File:Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg|thumb|Mapiri gha ku Mpoto kwa Malaŵi mu nyengo ya vula.]] Malawi ni [[charu icho chili pafupi na nyanja]] kumwela chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa, mphaka ni Zambia kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi, Tanzania kumpoto chakumafumilo gha dazi, na Mozambique kummwela, kumwela chakumanjiliro gha dazi, na kummwera chakumafumiro gha dazi. Lili pakati pa latitude [[9th kumwera|9°]] na [[18th kumwera|18°S]], na longitude [[32th meridian kumafumiro gha dazi|32°]] na [[36th meridian kumafumiro gha dazi|36°E]. ]. [[East African Rift|Chigwa Chikuru cha Rift]] chikujumpha mu charu ichi kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi kwa chigwa ichi kuli [[Nyanja ya Malawi]] (iyo yikuchemekaso Nyanja [[Nyasa (nyanja)|Nyasa]]) , iyo yikupanga vigaŵa vyakujumpha vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya mphaka ya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Malaŵi.<ref name="Cutter142" /> Lake Malawi is sometimes called the Calendar Lake as it is about {{convert|365|mi|km}} long and {{convert|52|mi|km}} wide.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.travelafricamag.com/content/view/231/56/ |title=Malawi: The Lake of Stars |magazine=Travel Africa |issue=4 |date=Summer 1998 |author=Douglas, John |access-date=22 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114161419/http://www.travelafricamag.com/content/view/231/56/ |archive-date=14 January 2009 }}</ref> The [[Shire River]] flows from the south end of the lake and joins the [[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] {{convert|250|mi|km|order=flip}} farther south in [[Mozambique]]. The surface of Lake Malawi is at {{convert|1500|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level, with a maximum depth of {{convert|2300|ft|m|0|order=flip}}, which means the lake bottom is over {{convert|700|ft|m|0|order=flip}} below sea level at some points.<ref>{{citation | last = Embassy of the Republic of Malawi in the United States | title = Lake Malawi | url = http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/page/lake-malawi | access-date = 13 October 2021 | archive-date = 3 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211003131908/http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/page/lake-malawi | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[File:Monoxylon beach Lake Malawi 1557.jpg|thumb|alt=Two small dugout canoes on the shore of a lake|Nyanja Malawi]] In the mountainous sections of Malawi surrounding the Rift Valley, plateaus rise generally {{convert|3000|to|4000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level, although some rise as high as {{convert|8000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} in the north. To the south of Lake Malawi lies the [[Shire Highlands]], gently rolling land at approximately {{convert|3000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level. In this area, the Zomba and [[Mulanje Massif|Mulanje]] mountain peaks rise to respective heights of {{convert|7000|and|10000|ft|m|0|order=flip}}.<ref name="Cutter142" /> Msumba ukuru wa chalo cha Malaŵi ni [[Lilongwe]], ndipo malo ghake gha malonda ni [[Blantyre]], ndipo muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 500,000&nbsp;wanthu.<ref name="Cutter142" /> Malawi wali na malo ghaŵiri agho ghali kulembeka pa [[Mndandanda wa Vinthu vya Charu Chose vya UNESCO]]. [[Nyanja ya Malaŵi National Park]] yikalembeka kakwamba mu 1984, ndipo [[Malo gha Chongoni Rock Art Area]] yikalembeka mu 2006.<ref name="Turner24">Turner, ''The Statesman's Yearbook'', p. 824</ref> [[Nyengo ya Malawi|Nyengo ya Malawi]] yikuŵa yakutentha mu malo ghapasi kumwera kwa charu ndipo yikuŵa yakuzizima mu malo ghapachanya gha kumpoto. Utali wake ukuyana na nyengo iyo yingaŵa ya equatorial. Pakati pa Novembala na Epulero, nyengo yikuŵa yakufunda ndipo vula yikuwira ku equator na vula yachimphepo, ndipo chimphepo ichi chikufika pa msinkhu wake kuumaliro wa Malichi. Pamanyuma pa mwezi wa Malichi, vula yikucepa mwaluŵiro, ndipo kufuma mu Meyi m’paka Seputembala, ciwuvi cakunyeŵa cikuyandama kufuma ku vigaŵa vyakutali na kunjira mu vigaŵa vyakutali, ndipo pafupifupi vula yikuŵapo yayi mu myezi iyi.<ref name="Cutter142" /> ===Flora na fauna=== {{Main|Vyamoyo vya ku Malaŵi}} [[File:Elephant at Majete wildlife reserve.jpg|thumb|Zovu mu malo ghakusungirako vinyama vya Majete]] Vinyama ivyo vikusangika mu Malawi vikusazgapo [[Mndandanda wa vinyama vyakuyamwisa vya ku Malawi|vinyama vyakuyamwisa]] nga ni njovu, mvubu, nkhalamu, njovu, amphaka ŵakuru, nyamudolo, nkhwantha, na mileme; mitundu yikuru ya [[Mndandanda wa viyuni vya Malawi|viyuni]], kusazgapo viyuni vyakukhwaŵa, viyuni vya parrot, na viyuni vya falcon; viyuni vya mu maji na viyuni vikuruvikuru vya mu maji; na vihowe na viyuni vyakwimba. Nyanja ya Malawi yalongosoreka kuti yili na ''chimoza mwa vinyama vya somba za mu nyanja ivyo vikusambazga chomene pa charu chose'', ndipo muli vinyama pafupifupi 200, viyuni 650, 30+ mollusk, na mitundu 5,500+ ya vyakumera.<ref name="feow">{{cite web|last1=Ribbink|first1=Anthony.J.|title=Lake Malawi|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/lake_malawi|website=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|publisher=[[The Nature Conservancy]]|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081754/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/lake_malawi|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vya pa charu chapasi vili mu mphaka ya Malaŵi: [[Malo gha miombo gha pakati pa Zambezia]], [[Malo gha miombo gha kumafumiro gha dazi]], [[Malo gha miombo gha kumwera]], [[Malo gha Zambezia na mopane]], [[Malo gha Zambezia] ghakusefukira, [[Kumwera kwa Malaŵi nkhalango-utheka mosaic]], na [[mosaic wa nkhalango-utheka wa ku Southern Rift montane]].<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Dinerstein|first1=Eric|last2=Olson|first2=David|last3=Joshi|first3=Anup|last4=Vynne|first4=Carly|last5=Burgess|first5=Neil D.|last6=Wikramanayake|first6=Eric|last7=Hahn|first7=Nathan|last8=Palminteri|first8=Suzanne|last9=Hedao|first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed|last11=Hansen|first11=Matt|last12=Locke|first12=Harvey|last13=Ellis|first13=Erle C|last14=Jones|first14=Benjamin|last15=Barber|first15=Charles Victor|last16=Hayes|first16=Randy|last17=Kormos|first17=Cyril|last18=Martin|first18=Vance|last19=Crist|first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes|last21=Price|first21=Lori|last22=Baillie|first22=Jonathan E. M.|last23=Weeden|first23=Don|last24=Suckling|first24=Kierán|last25=Davis|first25=Crystal|last26=Sizer|first26=Nigel|last27=Moore|first27=Rebecca|last28=Thau|first28=David|last29=Birch|first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter|last31=Turubanova|first31=Svetlana|last32=Tyukavina|first32=Alexandra|last33=de Souza|first33=Nadia|last34=Pintea|first34=Lilian|last35=Brito|first35=José C.|last36=Llewellyn|first36=Othman A.|last37=Miller|first37=Anthony G.|last38=Patzelt|first38=Annette|last39=Ghazanfar|first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan|last41=Klöser|first41=Heinz|last42=Shennan-Farpón|first42=Yara|last43=Kindt|first43=Roeland|last44=Lillesø|first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow|last45=van Breugel|first45=Paulo|last46=Graudal|first46=Lars|last47=Voge|first47=Maianna|last48=Al-Shammari|first48=Khalaf F.|last49=Saleem|first49=Muhammad|display-authors=1|title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm|journal=BioScience|volume=67|issue=6|year=2017|pages=534–545|issn=0006-3568|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014|pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287|doi-access=free}}</ref> There are five [[:Category:National parks of Malawi|national parks]], four [[:Category:Protected areas of Malawi|wildlife and game reserves]] and two other [[:Category:Protected areas of Malawi|protected areas]] in Malawi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqhc-1eKDOIC&q=There+are+five+national+parks%2C+four+wildlife+and+game+reserves+and+two+other+protected+areas+in+Malawi&pg=PA27|title=Malawi|date=2010|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-313-9|language=en}}</ref> The country had a 2019 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 5.74/10, ranking it 96th globally out of 172 countries.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Kendeskero ka chuma== {{Main|Economy of Malawi}} {{See also|Malawian food crisis|List of companies based in Malawi}} [[File:Lilongwe (Malawi) - crafts market.JPG|thumb|right|Msika wa vya luso la mawoko ku Lilongwe]] Malawi is among the world's least developed countries. Around 85% of the population lives in rural areas. The economy is based on agriculture, and more than one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues come from this. In the past, the economy has been dependent on substantial economic aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), and other countries.<ref name="CIA" /> Malawi was ranked the 119th safest investment destination in the world in the March 2011 Euromoney Country Risk rankings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Country Risk|url=http://www.euromoneycountryrisk.com/|publisher=Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC|access-date=15 August 2011}}</ref> The Malawian government faces challenges in developing a market economy, improving environmental protection, dealing with the rapidly growing [[HIV/AIDS]] problem, improving the education system, and satisfying its foreign donors to become financially independent. Mu December 2000, IMF yikaleka kupeleka wovwiri chifukwa cha vimbundi, ndipo ŵantu ŵanandi awo ŵakapelekanga wovwiri ŵakalondezgapo, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti bajeti ya chitukuko cha Malawi yikhire pafupifupi na 80%.<ref name="Africa08" /> However, in 2005, Malawi was the recipient of over US$575&nbsp;million in aid. Many analysts believe that economic progress for Malawi depends on its ability to control population growth.<ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title=Why Population Matters to Malawi's Development: Managing Population Growth for Sustainable Development Department of Population and Development. |url=http://www.prb.org/pdf12/malawi-population-matters.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002531/http://www.prb.org/pdf12/malawi-population-matters.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2017 |access-date=8 October 2014 |publisher=Department of Population and Development. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. Government of Malawi.}}</ref> Mu 2009 kugula ndege ya pulezidenti ya paŵekha iyo yikalondezgeka pafupifupi nyengo yeneyiyo na kusoŵa kwa mafuta mu charu chose, icho chikaŵa na mulandu wa boma chifukwa cha masuzgo gha vyakupeleka, chikaŵa chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa ndalama zakukhora izo zikapangika chifukwa cha kugula ndege.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|title=Britain reduces aid to Malawi over presidential jet|work=Reuters|date=10 March 2010|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/malawiNews/idAFLDE62921I20100310?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021817/http://af.reuters.com/article/malawiNews/idAFLDE62921I20100310?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Africa News">{{cite news|title=Malawi: Fuel shortage deepens|publisher=Africa News|date=11 November 2009|url=http://www.africanews.com/site/Malawi_Fuel_shortage_deepens/list_messages/27986|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724061651/http://www.africanews.com/site/Malawi_Fuel_shortage_deepens/list_messages/27986|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="Nyasa Times">{{cite news|title=Forex shortage crimps Malawi ministers' foreign trips|publisher=Nyasa Times|date=19 November 2009|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/national/forex-shortage-crimps-malawi-ministers-foreign-trips.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122080522/http://www.nyasatimes.com/national/forex-shortage-crimps-malawi-ministers-foreign-trips.html|archive-date=22 November 2009}}</ref> Kusazgilapo apa, vinthu vinyake vyatondeska ntchito, ndipo Malawi yataya nkhongono zake zinyake zakulipira vyakuguliska vyakufuma ku vyaru vinyake chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa ndalama zakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, chifukwa vyakuŵika ndalama vikakhira na 23% mu 2009. Pali vinthu vinandi ivyo vikutondeska vyakuŵika ndalama mu Malawi, ivyo boma lili navyo . ŵakatondeka kuvimazga, kusazgapo ndalama zinandi zakuchitira ntchito na vinthu viheni vya magesi, maji, na vyakuchezgera pa foni. {{Kufuma mu|2017}}, vikawoneka kuti Malawi yikaŵa na [[nkhongono yakugulira vinthu]] (PPP) ya $22.42&nbsp;biliyoni, na GDP ya munthu waliyose ya $1200, ndipo mitengo yikuwoneka kuti yikaŵa pa 12.2% mu 2017.<ref name="CIA" /> Ulimi ukupanga 35% ya GDP, mafakitale ghakupanga 19%, ndipo [[Uteŵeti (vyachuma)|utumiki]] ukupanga 46% yakukhalira .<ref name=TWB/> Malawi has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world,<ref name="Africa08" /> nangauli kukura kwa chuma kukaŵa kwa 9.7% mu 2008 ndipo kukura kwakukhora kukuyowoyeka na [[International Monetary Fund]] kwa 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE53008220090401|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530230618/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE53008220090401|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2010|title=Malawi economy grew by around 9.7 pct in 2008: IMF|last=Banda|first= Mabvuto|date=1 April 2009|access-date=7 April 2009|agency=Reuters Africa}}</ref> [[chiŵelengero cha ukavu]] mu Malawi chikuchepa chifukwa cha ntchito ya boma na mabungwe ghakovwira, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala pasi pa mzere wa ukavu ŵakuchepa kufuma pa 54% mu 1990 kufika pa 40% mu 2006, ndipo peresenti ya "ŵakavu chomene" yikuchepa . kufuma pa 24% mu 1990 kufika pa 15% mu 2007.<ref name=UNDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74:malawi-releases-the-2008-mdgs-report&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075807/http://www.undp.org.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74:malawi-releases-the-2008-mdgs-report&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2011|title=Malawi releases the 2008 MDGs Report|publisher=United Nations Development Programme Malawi|date=23 December 2008|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> Mu Janyuwale 2015, kumwera kwa Malaŵi kukasefukira maji. Kusefukira kwa maji uku kukakhwaska ŵanthu ŵakujumpha miliyoni yimoza mu caru cose, kusazgapo 336,000 awo ŵakacimbizgika mu vikaya vyawo, mwakuyana na [[UNICEF]]. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100 ŵakakomeka, ndipo pafupifupi mahekitala 64,000 gha malo ghakulimapo ghakasambika na maji.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/02/devastation-disease-deadly-malawi-floods-150225070745817.html |title=Devastation and disease after deadly Malawi floods |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=25 February 2015 |access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> ===Ulimi na mafakitale=== {{main|Ulimi mu Malawi .}} [[File:Groundnut harvesting in Malawi.jpg|thumb|right|Kukolola [[Bambara groundnut|skaŵa]] kwa kufufuza vya ulimi ku Malaŵi]] [[Chuma cha Malaŵi]] chikupangika chomene na ulimi. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 80% ŵakuchita ulimi wakukhalira, nangauli ulimi ukawovwira waka 27% ya GDP mu 2013. [[chigaŵa cha ntchito]] chikupanga vyakujumpha hafu ya GDP (54%), pakuyaniska na 11% ya vyakupangapanga . na 8% ku mafakitale ghanyake, kusazgapo migodi ya uranium yachilengedwe. Malawi wakuŵika ndalama zinandi mu ulimi (nga ni chigaŵa cha GDP) kuluska charu chilichose cha ku Africa: 28% ya GDP.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url= http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf |title= Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 |last1=Kraemer-Mbula |first1=Erika |last2=Scerri |first2=Mario |publisher= UNESCO |year=2015 |isbn= 978-92-3-100129-1 |location= Paris |pages= 535–555}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000228807 <!--http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002288/228807e.pdf-->|title=Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Malawi|author1=Lemarchand, Guillermo A.|author2=Schneegans, Susan|publisher=UNESCO|year=2014|isbn=978-92-3-100032-4|location=Paris |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/one.org/images/131008_ONE_Maputo_FINAL.pdf|title=The Maputo Commitments and the 2014 African Year of Agriculture|publisher=ONE.org|year=2013}}</ref> Kufuma mu 2006, charu ichi chikamba kusakanizga mafuta ghambura mkuŵa na 10% [[ethanol]], agho ghakupangika mu charu ichi pa mafakitale ghaŵiri, kuti ŵaleke kuthemba mafuta ghakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Mu 2006, chifukwa cha vuna ya ulimi iyo yikaŵa yichoko, Malawi yikamba ndondomeko ya wovwiri wa [[feteleza]], ndondomeko ya wovwiri wa feteleza (FISP). Vili kumanyikwa kuti ndondomeko iyi, iyo yikukhozgeka na pulezidenti wa charu ichi, yikupangiska kuti Malawi yiŵe charu icho chikuguliska vyakurya ku vyaru vyapafupi.<ref>{{cite news |author=Dugger, Celia W. |date=2 December 2007 |title=Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/world/africa/02malawi.html |access-date=5 August 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> FISP yikamara na nyifwa ya Mulongozgi Mutharika. Mu 2020, ndondomeko iyi yikasinthika na ndondomeko ya Affordable Inputs Program (AIP), iyo yikusazgapo wovwiri wa mbuto za chimanga na feteleza ku [[Sogamu]] na mbuto za mpunga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matita |first=Mirriam |last2=Chirwa |first2=Ephraim W. |last3=Johnston |first3=Deborah |last4=Mazalale |first4=Jacob |last5=Smith |first5=Richard |last6=Walls |first6=Helen |date=March 2021 |title=Does household participation in food markets increase dietary diversity? Evidence from rural Malawi |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100486 |journal=Global Food Security |volume=28 |pages=100486 |doi=10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100486 |issn=2211-9124|doi-access=free }}</ref> Vinthu vikuru vya ulimi vya ku Malawi ni [[fodya]], [[mijuwa]], [[Gossypium|thonje]], [[Camellia sinensis|tiyi]], [[Chimanga|chimanga]], mbatata, mabele, ng’ombe, na mbuzi. Mafakitale ghakuru ni fodya, tiyi, na shuga, [[sawmill]] vyakupangika, simenti, na [[Vinthu vyaumaliro|vinthu vyakuguliska]]. Kukura kwa mafakitale kwakupanga kukuwoneka kuti kuli pa 10% (2009). Charu ichi chikugwiliskira ntchito chomene yayi gasi la chilengiwa. {{As of|2008}}, Malawi wakuguliska magesi ghakufuma ku vyaru vinyake yayi panji kuguliska ku vyaru vinyake kweni wakuguliska mafuta ghake ghose, ndipo palije uyo wakupangika mu chalo ichi.<ref name="CIA" /> Mu 2008, Malaŵi yikamba kuyezga magalimoto agho ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito ethanol pera, ndipo charu ichi chikulutilira kusazgirako kugwiliskira ntchito ethanol.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/malawis-ethanolfuel-tests-show-promise-2008-10-10|title=Malawi's ethanol-fuel tests show promise|newspaper=Engineering News|date=10 October 2008|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> [[File:Schoolchildren in Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|Ŵana awo ŵakusangika pa ungano wa [[ŵalimi]] mu muzi wa Nalifu, [[Mulanje]]]]Kufuma mu 2009, Malaŵi wakutumizga katundu wakukwana US$945&nbsp;miliyoni pa chaka. Mitengo ya fodya pa charu chose yikakhira, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa pa charu chose ŵakuchichizga ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kupanga fodya. Charu cha Malawi chikuthemba chomene pa fodya, ndipo chinthu ichi chikukwera kufuma pa 53% kufika pa 70% ya ndalama izo zikuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake pakati pa 2007 na 2008. Charu ichi chikuthembaso chomene pa tiyi, shuga, na khofi, ndipo vinthu vitatu ivi pamoza na fodya vikupanga vyakujumpha 90% vya 2008. Ndalama izo Malawi wakusanga pakuguliska vinthu ku vyaru vinyake.<ref name="CIA2" /><ref name="Africa082" /> Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo na kukhira kwa mitengo ya kuguliska, Malawi wakuchiska ŵalimi kuti ŵaleke kukhweŵa fodya na kuguliska vipambi ivyo vikuŵa na phindu likuru, kusazgapo vyakununkhira nga ni [[paprika]]. Kufumapo pa fodya kukukhozgekaso na [[Bungwe la Umoyo pa Charu Chose|Bungwe la Umoyo pa Charu Chose]] likulimbana na mtundu wa fodya uyo Malawi wakupanga, [[Burley (fodya)|burley leaf]]. Ŵakuwona kuti vikunanga chomene umoyo wa ŵanthu kuluska vyakumwa vinyake vya fodya. India [[hemp]] ndiyo nthowa yinyake iyo yingaŵapo, kweni ŵanthu ŵakususka kuti yizamupangiska kuti paŵe milandu yinandi mu charu ichi kwizira mu kufanana na mitundu ya [[Cannabis (munkhwala)|cannabis]] iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito nga ni [[munkhwala wakusanguluska]]. ndiposo suzgo la kupambaniska pakati pa mitundu yiŵiri iyi.<ref>{{cite news |author=Tenthani, Raphael |date=24 April 2000 |title=Legal Hemp for Malawi? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/708649.stm |access-date=21 December 2011 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Kulima kwa cannabis wa ku Malaŵi, uyo wakuchemeka [[Malawi Gold]], nga ni munkhwala kwachuluka chomene.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 1998 |title=Marijuana Cultivation Increases in Malawi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/17/world/marijuana-cultivation-increases-in-malawi.html |access-date=21 December 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Malawi wakumanyikwa kuti wakulima "cannabis yiwemi chomene" pa charu chose chapasi kuti [[kugwiriskira ntchito munkhwala wakuzweteska wongo wakusanguluska]], kuyana na lipoti lasonosono apa la World Bank, ndipo kulima na kuguliska vipambi ivi kungapangiska kuti paŵe vimbundi mukati mwa ŵapolisi.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mpaka, Charles |date=11 December 2011 |title=Malawi's Chamba valued at K1. 4 billion |url=http://www.bnltimes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2877:malawis-chamba-valued-at-k1-4-billion&catid=42:national&Itemid=401 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112130233/http://www.bnltimes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2877:malawis-chamba-valued-at-k1-4-billion&catid=42:national&Itemid=401 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=21 December 2011 |work=Sunday Times |publisher=Blantyre Newspapers, Ltd}}</ref>[[File:GDP in Southern African Development Community countries by economic sector, 2013 or closest year.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|GDP mu vyaru vyakutukuka vya kumwera kwa Africa kuyana na chigaŵa cha chuma, 2013 panji chaka chapafupi<ref name="t2030">{{cite book |title= UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 |date=2015}}</ref>]] Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikutumizgika ku vyaru vinyake ni thonje, mtedza, vyakupangika na makuni, na [[Vyakuvwara|vyakuvwara]]. Malo ghakuru agho charu ichi chikuguliska vinthu ku vyaru vinyake ni South Africa, Germany, Egypt, Zimbabwe, United States, Russia, na Netherlands. Pasono chalo cha Malawi chikuguliska katundu wakukwana US$1.625&nbsp;biliyoni pa chaka, ndipo katundu mukuru ni vyakurya, mafuta, katundu wakugwiriskira ntchito, na vipangizo vyakwendeska galimoto. Vyalo vikuruvikuru ivyo Malawi wakutolera ku vyaru ivi ni South Africa, India, Zambia, Tanzania, America, na China.<ref name="CIA" /> Mu 2016, Malaŵi wakasuzgika na chilala, ndipo mu Januwale 2017, charu ichi chikapharazga kuti pakaŵa [[Nkhosi ya ku Africa|nkhono za nkhondo]] kuzingilizga Zomba. Nyerere iyi yikukwaniska kuparanya minda ya chimanga yose, iyo ni tirigu wakuzirwa chomene ku ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malawi hit by armyworm outbreak, threatens maize crop|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-grains-armyworms-idUSKBN14W0NT?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews|access-date=12 January 2017|work=Reuters|date=12 January 2017}}</ref> Pa 14 January 2017, nduna ya vya ulimi [[George Chaponda]] yikati mahekitala 2,000 gha vipambi ghanangika, ndipo ghathandazgika mu vigaŵa 9 pa vigaŵa 28.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malawi's armyworm outbreak destroys 2,000 hectares: minister|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-grains-armyworm-idUSKBN14Y0DK?il=0|access-date=14 January 2017|work=Reuters|date=14 January 2017}}</ref> ===Vinthu vyakuzengeka=== {{Main|Mayendero mu Malaŵi|Mayendero gha sitima za pa mtunda mu Malaŵi|Kudumbiskana mu Malaŵi}} [[File:2010-10-21 12-42-27 Malawi - Bula.JPG|thumb|Msewu wa M1 pakati pa Blantyre na Lilongwe]] {{As of|2012}}, Malawi has 31&nbsp;airports, seven with paved runways (two [[international airport]]s) and 24 with unpaved runways. {{As of|2008}}, the country has {{convert|797|km|mi}} of railways, all [[narrow-gauge]], and, as of 2003, {{convert|15451|mi|km|order=flip}} of [[roadway]]s in various conditions, {{convert|6956|km|mi}} paved and {{convert|8495|km|mi}} unpaved. Malawi also has {{convert|700|km|mi}} of [[waterway]]s on Lake Malawi and along the Shire River.<ref name="CIA" /> {{Mu|2022}}, mu Malawi mukaŵa mafoni ghakukwana 10.23&nbsp;miliyoni. Pakaŵa ŵanthu 4.03 miliyoni awo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito Intaneti mu 2022.<ref name=":2" /> Also, {{as of|2022|lc=y}}, pakaŵa wayilesi yimoza iyo yikalongozgekanga na boma (Malawi Broadcasting Corporation) ndiposo pafupifupi khumi na ziŵiri izo zikaŵa za mabizinesi gha paŵekha. Ntchito za wayilesi, TV na positi mu Malaŵi zikulaŵilirika na [[Bungwe Lakulaŵilira vya Kupharazga mu Malaŵi]] (MACRA).<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA)|url=http://www.macra.org.mw/|website=www.macra.org.mw|publisher=MACRA|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218213634/http://www.macra.org.mw/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Act No. 41 of 1998|url=http://www.macra.org.mw/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Communications-Act-19981.pdf|publisher=[[Malawi Government Gazette]]|date=30 December 1998|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-date=25 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325030415/http://www.macra.org.mw/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Communications-Act-19981.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Charu ichi chikujilumba kuti chili na masiteshoni 20 gha televishoni mu 2016 pa netiweki ya digito ya chalo ichi ya MDBNL.<ref name="CIA" /> Kale, nthowa zakuyowoyeskana za pa foni mu Malaŵi zikacemekanga kuti ni yimoza mwa nthowa ziheni comene mu Africa, kweni vinthu vikwenda makora, ndipo pakati pa 2000 na 2007, mafoni ghakukwana 130,000 ghakalumikizgika. mizere ya mtunda kuŵa mu mizi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uneca.org/aisi/NICI/country_profiles/malawi/malab.htm |title=Malawi |work=NICI in Africa |publisher=Economic Commission for Africa |access-date=6 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410063206/http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/country_profiles/malawi/malab.htm |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> === Sayansi na umanyi === {{Main|Sayansi na tekinoloje ku Malawi .}} === Kafukufuku wakuchitika === [[File:Scientific publication trends in SADC countries, 2005-2014.svg|thumb|Mabuku gha sayansi ghakuchitika mu vyaru ivyo vikupanga chomene vya SADC, 2005–2014<ref name=t2030/>]] Malawi wakapeleka 1.06% ya GDP ku kugwira ntchito mu 2010, kukuyana na kuyana na uyo wakwenda na Dipatimenti ya Sayansi na Tekinoloje, iyo njimoza mwa vyaŵa vyaŵa vya mu Africa. Ici cikuyana na $7.8 pa wakusanda (mu madola gha kugaŵana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Mu 2014, ŵasayansi ŵa ku Malawi ŵakaŵa ŵachitatu pa ivyo ŵakalemba mu Southern Africa, pa nkhani ya nkhani izo zikalembeka mu mabuku gha pa charu chose. Ŵakalemba nkhani 322 mu [[Thomson Reuters]]’ Webusayiti ya Sayansi mu chaka chira, pafupifupi katatu nambara iyo ŵakalemba mu 2005 (116). Mabuku gha ku South Africa pera (9,309) na United Republic of Tanzania (770) ndigho ghakasindikizga mabuku ghanandi kumwera kwa Africa. Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Malawi ŵakupharazga vinandi mu magazini ghakurughakuru – pakuyaniska na GDP – kuluska charu chilichose icho chili na ŵanthu ŵakuyana waka, ndipo mabuku 19 pera pa ŵanthu miliyoni yiliyose ghali kulembeka mu magazini gha pa charu chose mu 2014. Pafupifupi ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Sahara ni mabuku 20 pa ŵanthu miliyoni yiliyose.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Malawi was ranked 107th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2021, up from 118th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=2022-03-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.wipo.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RTD – Item|url=https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/rtd/items/691898|access-date=2021-09-02|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2013-10-28|title=Global Innovation Index|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|access-date=2021-09-02|website=INSEAD Knowledge|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101622/https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ndondomeko === Ndondomeko yakwamba ya sayansi na tekinoloje ya Malawi yikayamba mu 1991 ndipo yikasintha mu 2002. ''Ndondomeko ya chalo cha sayansi na tekinoloje'' ya 2002 yikaghanaghananga kuti paŵe Komiti ya Charu Chose ya Sayansi na Tekinoloje kuti yipelekenge ulongozgi ku boma na ŵanyake awo ŵakukhwaskika pa nkhani ya sayansi na tekinoloje- wakalongozga chitukuko. Nangauli dango la sayansi na tekinoloje la 2003 likapeleka ndondomeko yakupangira komiti iyi, kweni yikamba waka kugwira ntchito mu 2011, ndipo yikaŵa na ofesi ya mulembi chifukwa cha kuphatikizgika kwa Dipatimenti ya Sayansi na Tekinoloje na National Research Council. Lamulo la Sayansi na Tekinoloje la 2003 likakhazikiskaso Fund ya Sayansi na Tekinoloje kuti yiwovwirepo pa kafukufuku na masambiro kwizira mu wovwiri wa boma na ngongoli kweni, {{as of|2014|lc=y}}, ichi chikaŵa kuti chindambe kugwira ntchito. Mulembi wa Komiti Yakuwona vya Sayansi na Tekinoloje ya Charu Chose wakawoneseska ndondomeko ya Sayansi, Tekinoloje, na Kupanga Vinthu Viphya. (2011–2015) kweni, kufuma kukwambilira kwa 2015, ndondomeko iyo yikasintha yikaŵa kuti yindazomerezgeke na Kabineti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Mu 2012, ndalama zinandi zakufuma ku vyaru vinyake zikanjira mu vyakumangamanga (62%) na chigaŵa cha nkhongono (33%). Boma laŵikapo ndondomeko zinandi zakukhozga ndalama, kusazgapo kuchepeskako misonkho, kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake ŵanjire mu ndalama. Mu 2013, wupu wa Malawi wa vyakuŵika ndalama na malonda ukaŵika pamoza ndondomeko ya vyakuŵika ndalama iyo yikukhwaska makampani 20.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Mu chaka cha 2013, boma likazomerezga ''Nthowa yakuguliska vinthu ku vyaru vinyake'' kuti vinthu vyakuguliska vya charu ivi viŵe vyakupambanapambana. Malo ghakupangira vinthu ghakwenera kukhazikiska vinthu vyakupambanapambana mukati mwa magulu ghatatu agho ghasankhika: vinthu vya mafuta, vinthu vya nzimbe, na kupanga vinthu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><gallery widths="200" heights="200"> File:Life sciences and geosciences dominate, Cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014.svg|alt=Scientific research output in terms of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014.|Kafukufuku wa sayansi wakufuma mu mabuku gha ku Southern Africa, wakusazgikira pamoza na munda, 2008–2014<ref>{{Cite book|title= UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 |date=2015|chapter= Figure 20.6}}</ref> File:Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year.svg|Ŵakufufuza (HC) ku Southern Africa pa ŵanthu miliyoni yiliyose, 2013 panji chaka chapafupi File:Seychelles and South Africa have the most publications per million inhabitants.svg|alt=Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014.|Mabuku gha sayansi pa ŵanthu miliyoni yiliyose mu vyaru vya SADC mu 2014<ref name=t2030/><ref name="Web">{{Cite book |title= Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded}}</ref> File:Gross domestic expenditure on Research and Development GDP ratio in Southern Africa, 2012 or closest year.svg|Ndalama izo zikugwiriskirika nchito mu charu pa kafukufuku ku Southern Africa nga ni peresenti ya GDP, 2012 panji chaka chapafupi<ref>{{Cite book |title= UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 |date=2015 |chapter= Figure 20.3}}</ref> </gallery> ==Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu== {{Main|Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu Malawi}} ===Unandi=== Malawi muli banthu bakujumpha {{#expr:floor({{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Malawi}}|R}}/1e6)}} miliyoni, na [[Kukura kwa chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu|kukura kwa chiŵelengero]] cha 3.32%, kuyana na {{UN_Chiŵelengero cha Ŵanthu|Chaka}} chikupimika.{{UN_Chiŵelengero cha Ŵanthu|ref}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html#mi |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=4 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504223114/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html#mi |url-status=dead }}</ref> Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu chikuwoneka kuti chizamukura na kufika pa ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 47&nbsp;miliyoni mu 2050, pafupifupi katatu pa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa 16&nbsp;miliyoni mu 2010. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku Malaŵi mu 2016, kuyana na ivyo ŵasayansi ŵali kusanga sonosono apa, ŵali 18,091,575.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_GraphicalDisplay.aspx?ListNames=%27Population,%20History%20and%20Forecast%27&HistFor=True&GrpOp=0&Dim1=99&File=1|title=frm_Message|access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> ===Misumba=== {{See also|Mndandanda wa misumba ya mu Malawi .}} {{Misumba yikuruyikuru ya Malawi .}} ===Mifuko=== {{bar box |title=Mafuko gha ku Malaŵi ([[2018 census of Malawi|kupenda kwa 2018]])<ref name="Census2018" /> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Ethnic Groups |right1=per cent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Chewa|darkgreen|34.4}} {{bar percent|Lomwe|purple|18.9}} {{bar percent|Yao|red|14.3}} {{bar percent|Tumbuka|orange|22.2}} {{bar percent|Sena|darkblue|3.8}} {{bar percent|Mang'anja|green|3.2}} {{bar percent|Nyanja|maroon|1.9}} {{bar percent|Tonga|darkgray|1.8}} {{bar percent|Ngonde|gray|1}} {{bar percent|Lambya|tan|0.6}} {{bar percent|Sukwa|lime|0.5}} {{bar percent|Other|Violet|1.1}} }} Mwanthu mu Malaŵi ni [[Bacheŵa|Bachewa]], [[Batumbuka|Batumbuka]], [[Bayao (mtundu mu Africa)|BaYao]], [[Balomwe|Balomwe]], [[ Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sena|Sena]], [[Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tonga ŵa ku Malaŵi|Tonga]], [[Ŵanthu ŵa ku Ngoni| Ŵangoni]], na [[Ŵa ku Ngonde]] ŵa ku [[mtundu . gulu]]s, pamoza na chiŵelengero cha [[Ŵanthu ŵa ku China mu Malaŵi|Ŵa China]] na [[Ŵazungu ŵa ku Africa ŵakufuma ku Europe| Ŵa Europe]]. {{clear}} ===Viyowoyero=== {{main|Languages of Malawi}} {{bar box |title=Viyowoyero vya ku Malaŵi (kupenda kwa 1998)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_98/analytical_report.pdf |title=Census Analytical Report |website=nsomalawi.mw |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316103808/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_98/analytical_report.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2023}}</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Languages |right1=per cent |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|Chichewa|darkgreen|57.2}} {{bar percent|Chinyanja|black|12.8}} {{bar percent|Chiyao|red|10.1}} {{bar percent|Chitumbuka|purple|9.5}} {{bar percent|Chisena|orange|2.7}} {{bar percent|Chilomwe|darkblue|2.4}} {{bar percent|Chitonga|green|1.7}} {{bar percent|Chinkhonde|maroon|0.8}} {{bar percent|Chingoni|darkgray|0.7}} {{bar percent|Chilambya|tan|0.4}} {{bar percent|Chisenga|lime|0.2}} {{bar percent|Chinyakyusa|violet|0.2}} {{bar percent|English|lightgreen|0.2}} {{bar percent|Other|lightblue|1.1}} }} Chiyowoyero cha boma ni Chingelezi.<ref name=language>{{cite web |url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw |title=Malawi Government |publisher=Malawi Government |access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref> [[File:Current Malawi health passport showing 3 languages most used in Malawi, English, Tumbuka and Chewa.jpg|thumb|Buku la kuchipatala la ku Malaŵi kuwoneska viyowoyelo 3 vyakugwiliskika chomene ku Malaŵi: Chingerezi (ŵanga liswesi), [[Chewa language|chiChewa]] (ŵanga lichanya), na [[Tumbuka language|chiTumbuka]] (ŵanga liswesi libiliŵiri).]] Viyowoyero vikuruvikuru ni [[Chiyowoyero cha Chichewa|Chichewa]], [[Chiyowoyero cha Chibantu]] icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 41%, [[Chiyowoyero cha Chitumbuka|Chitumbuka]] (28.2%), [[Chiyowoyero cha Chichewa|Chinyanja]] ( 12.8%), na [[Chiyowoyero cha Yao|Chiyao]] (16.1%). /> [[chiyowoyero cha ku malo agha]] ni [[chiyowoyero cha Malawi Lomwe|Malawi Lomwe]], icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 250,000 ku chigaŵa cha kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi; [[Kokola]], wakuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 200,000 nawo ku chigaŵa cha kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi; [[Ŵanthu ŵa Lambya|Lambya]], ŵakuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 45,000 ku mphepete ya kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi; [[Chiyowoyero cha Ndali|Chindali]], icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 70,000; [[Chiyowoyero cha Nyakyusa|Chinyakyusa-Ngonde]], icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 300,000 ku mpoto kwa Malaŵi; Chimalawi [[chiyowoyero cha Sena|Sena]], icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 270,000 kumwera kwa Malawi; na [[chiyowoyero cha Tonga (Nyasa)|Tonga]], icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu pafupifupi 170,000 ku mpoto.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Malawi|title=Languages of Malawi|publisher=SIL International|access-date=21 November 2008|work=Ethnologue|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129051300/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Malawi|archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> Ŵasambiri wose ŵa sukulu za pulayimale za boma ŵakusambizgika mu Chichewa, icho chikulongosoreka kuti ntchiyowoyero chambura kuzomerezgeka cha charu cha Malawi. Kweni ŵasambiri awo ŵakusambira mu masukulu gha pulayimale gha paŵekha ŵakusambizgika mu Chingelezi usange ŵakulondezga masambiro gha ku America panji ku Britain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Culture {{!}} Embassy of the Republic of Malawi in the United States|url=http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/page/culture|access-date=2020-08-23|website=www.malawiembassy-dc.org|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926035417/http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/page/culture|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Visopo=== {{Further|Visopo mu Malawi|Chikhristu mu Malaŵi|Chiroma Katolika mu Malawi|Chisilamu mu Malaŵi|Chihindu mu Malawi|Chigomezgo cha Baháʼí mu Malaŵi}} {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = '''Visopo ku Malaŵi''' (2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Malawi Population and Housing Census |url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf |website=Official Website of National Statistical Office, Malawi |publisher=National Statistical Office |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> |label1 = [[Chikhristu]] |value1 = 77.3 |color1 = Blue |label2 = [[Chisilamu]] |value2 = 13.8 |color2 = Green |label3 = VyaŵeneCharu |value3 = 1.1 |color3 = Yellow |label4 = Vinya na ŵambula kusopa |value4 = 7.8 |color4 = black }} [[File:Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg|thumb|Mpingo wa Mission ku [[Livingstonia, Malawi|Livingstonia]]]] Malawi ni charu icho ŵanthu ŵanandi mbakhristu, ndipo pali ŵachisilamu ŵachoko waka. Kafukufuku wa boma wakulongora kuti 87% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi Mbakhristu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵachoko waka mba Chisilamu 11.6%.<ref name="DHS 2016">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR319/FR319.pdf|title=Demographic and Health Survey: 2015–2016|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|page=36|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> Magulu ghakuru gha Chikhristu mu Malawi ni tchalitchi la Katolika la Roma, ilo 19% ya baMalawi mbalondezgi ŵake, na [[Tchalitchi la Central Africa Presbyterian]] (CCAP) ilo 18% mbalondezgi ŵake.<ref name="DHS 2016" /> CCAP ni chisopa chikuru chomene cha chiprotesitanti mu Malaŵi ndipo chili na ŵanthu 1.3&nbsp;miliyoni. Pali visopo vichokovichoko [[vya Presbyterian]] nga ni [[Tchalitchi la Presbyterian la Malaŵi ilo likasinthika]] na [[Tchalitchi la Presbyterian la Evangelical la Malaŵi]]. Paliso ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa [[Chianglican|Ŵanglican]], [[Ŵabaptist]], ŵa evangelical, [[Tchalitchi la Ŵaadventist ŵa Zuŵa Lachinkhondi na Chiŵiri| Ŵaadventist ŵa Zuŵa Lachinkhondi na Chiŵiri]], na [[Tchalitchi la Lutheran la Central Africa| Ŵalutheran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031340|title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa.—Malawi|publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111005306/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031340|archive-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa Chisilamu mba [[Sunni]], ŵa mu magulu gha [[Qadriya]] panji gha Sukkutu.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyIpVV3FZlAC&pg=PA63 | title=Where Silence Rules: The Suppression of Dissent in Malawi | page=59 | author=Richard Carver | access-date=7 June 2014| isbn=9780929692739 | year=1990 | publisher=Human Rights Watch }}</ref> Other religious groups within the country include [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (over 100,000),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2023-Service-Year-Report-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses-Worldwide/2023-Country-and-Territory-Reports/|title=2023 Country and Territory Reports|publisher=[[Jehovah's Witnesses]]|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref> [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], with just over 2,000 members in the country at the end of 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/malawi|title=Statistics and Church Facts &#124; Total Church Membership|website=newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref> [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari]], [[Hindu]]s, and [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]] (0.2%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp |title=Baha'i population by country |publisher=Thearda.com |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-date=14 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414021730/http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>). [[Atheism|Atheists]] make up around 4% of the population, although this number may include people who practice traditional African religions that do not have any gods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90107.htm|title=Malawi|work=International Religious Freedom Report 2007|access-date=18 December 2008|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=14 September 2007}}</ref> ===Ukhondo=== {{main|Healthcare in Malawi}} Malawi has central hospitals, regional and private facilities. The public sector offers free health services and medicines, while [[non-government organizations]] offers services and medicines for fees. Private doctors offer fee-based services and medicines. Health insurance schemes have been established since 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/02/19/000333037_20100219005458/Rendered/PDF/531070WP0Pharm10Box345597B01PUBLIC1.pdf|author=McCabe, Ariane|title=Private Sector Pharmaceutical Supply and Distribution Chains: Ghana, Mali and Malawi|work=Health Systems Outcome Publication|publisher=World Bank|date=December 2009|access-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> The country has a [[pharmaceutical manufacturing]] industry consisting of four privately owned pharmaceutical companies.<ref>Malawi Investment Promotion Agency, 2008, p. 20 – Investment Guide</ref> Some of the major health facilities in the country are Blantyre Adventist Hospital, Mwaiwathu Private Hospital, and Kamuzu Central Hospitals.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Medical Resources in Malawi – List Provided to U.S. Citizens |url=https://mw.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/219/2017/03/Medical-facilities-list.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628193836/https://mw.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/219/2017/03/Medical-facilities-list.pdf |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=October 17, 2021 |website=U.S. Embassy, Lilongwe, Malawi}}</ref> [[Kufwa kwa ŵana ŵachoko]] viŵelengero vya ŵanthu ŵanandi, ndipo [[umoyo]] para ŵababika ni vyaka 50.03&nbsp;. [[Kufumiska nthumbo mu Malaŵi|Kufumiska nthumbo nkhwakukanizgika mu Malaŵi]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/where-abortion-illegal-protest-against-culture-death-malawi-religious-groups-2456454|title=Where Is Abortion Illegal? Protest Against 'Culture Of Death' By Malawi Religious Groups|website=Ibtimes.com|access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref> except to save the mother's life. The Penal Code punishes women who seek illegal or clinical abortion with 7 years in prison, and 14 years for those perform the abortion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/5002/abortion-law-malawi |title=Abortion law Malawi |publisher=Women on Waves |date=15 June 2012 |access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref> There is a high adult prevalence rate of [[HIV/AIDS]], with an estimated 980,000&nbsp;adults (or 9.1% of the population) living with the disease in 2015. There are approximately 27,000&nbsp;deaths each year from HIV/AIDS, and over half a million children orphaned because of the disease (2015).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/malawi|title= HIV and AIDS estimates (2015)|publisher=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> Approximately 250&nbsp;new people are infected each day, and at least 70% of Malawi's hospital beds are occupied by HIV/AIDS patients. The high rate of infection has resulted in an estimated 5.8% of the farm labour force dying of the disease. The government spends over $120,000 each year on funerals for civil servants who die of the disease.<ref name="Africa08" /> Pali ngozi yikuru comene ya matenda ghakuthandazgika, kusazgapo mabakiteriya na vinyama vinyake [[nthenda ya m’mimba]], [[hepatitis A]], [[nthenda ya typhoid]], [[maleriya]], [[Mulili (nthenda)|mulili . ]], [[nthenda ya m’makutu]], na [[nthenda ya m’makutu]].<ref name="CIA" /> Mu vyaka ivyo vyajumpha, Malawi yachepeskako nyifwa za ŵana na matenda gha HIV/AIDS, maleriya na matenda ghanyake; Kweni charu ichi "chikuchita vinthu mwambura kwenelera" pakuchepeska nyifwa za ŵamama na kukhozgera [[kuyana kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi]].<ref name=UNDP/> [[Kudumura viŵaro vya ŵanakazi]] (FGM), nangauli kukuthandazgika yayi, kukuchitika mu vigaŵa vinyake mitundu ya ŵanthu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medcol.mw/commhealth/publications/cultural_practices_report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111184006/http://www.medcol.mw/commhealth/publications/cultural_practices_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2014 |title=Cultural Practices and their Impact on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, Particularly the Rights of Women and Children in Malawi |publisher=Malawi Human Rights Commission |date=11 November 2014}}</ref> Mu 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI), mlingo wa Malawi ni <mark>21.9</mark>, uwo ukulongora kuti njara yikuru chomene. Chalo cha Malawi chili pa nambara 93 pa vyalo 127 ivyo vilipo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels |language=en}}</ref> ===Masambiro=== {{Main|Masambiro ku Malawi}} [[File:Public expenditure on education in Southern Africa as a share of GDP, 2012 or closest year.svg|thumb|Ndalama izo boma likugwiliskira ntchito pa masambiro ku Southern Africa nga ni chigaŵa cha GDP, 2012 panji chaka chapafupi<ref name="Web"/>]] Mu 1994, masambiro gha pulayimale ghambura kulipiliska gha ŵana wose ŵa mu Malaŵi ghakakhazikiska na boma, ndipo masambiro gha pulayimale ghakaŵa ghakuchichizga kufuma apo dango la Revised Education Act likazomerezgekera mu 2012. Chifukwa cha ichi, chiŵelengero cha awo ŵakalembeska ku sukulu za pulayimale chikakwera kufuma pa 58% mu 1992 kufika pa 1992. 75% mu 2007. Peresenti ya ŵasambiri awo ŵakumba standard one na kumalizga standard . five yasazgikira kufuma pa 64% mu 1992 kufika pa 86% mu 2006. Kuyana na World Bank, ŵawukirano awo ŵakumanya kulemba na kulemba nawo ŵakasazgikira kufuma pa 68% mu 2000 kufika pa 75% mu 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.ZS|title=Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15–24) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> Mu 1994, masambiro gha pulayimale ghambura kulipiliska gha ŵana wose ŵa mu Malaŵi ghakakhazikiska na boma, ndipo masambiro gha pulayimale ghakaŵa ghakuchichizga kufuma apo dango la Revised Education Act likazomerezgekera mu 2012. Chifukwa cha ichi, chiŵelengero cha awo ŵakalembeska ku sukulu za pulayimale chikakwera kufuma pa 58% mu 1992 kufika pa 1992. 75% mu 2007. Peresenti ya ŵasambiri awo ŵakumba standard one na kumalizga standard . five yasazgikira kufuma pa 64% mu 1992 kufika pa 86% mu 2006. Kuyana na World Bank, ŵawukirano awo ŵakumanya kulemba na kulemba nawo ŵakasazgikira kufuma pa 68% mu 2000 kufika pa 75% mu 2015.<ref name=Furlong>{{cite book|last1=Furlong|first1=Andy|title=Youth Studies: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/youthstudiesintr0000furl|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=USA|isbn=978-0-415-56479-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/youthstudiesintr0000furl/page/233 233]}}</ref><ref name=U.N.>{{cite web|title=The world youth report: youth and climate change|url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/WYR2010Final%20online%20version.pdf|website=United Nations|access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> Dropout rates are higher for girls than boys.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Malawi.htm|title=Malawi|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=Bureau of International Labour Affairs, US Dept. of Labour|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006092319/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/TDA2001/malawi.htm|archive-date=6 October 2008}}</ref> Masambiro mu Malawi ghali na vyaka 8 vya masambiro gha pulayimale, vyaka vinayi vya sekondare na vyaka vinayi vya yunivesite. Mu Malawi muli mayunivesite ghanayi gha boma: [[Yunivesite ya Mzuzu]] (MZUNI), [[Yunivesite ya Lilongwe ya Ulimi na Chilengiwa]] (LUANAR), [[Yunivesite ya Malawi]] (UNIMA) na [[Yunivesite ya Malawi ya Sayansi na Tekinoloje]] (ŴAKUYENERA). Paliso mayunivesite gha paŵekha nga ni Livingstonia, Malawi Lakeview, na yunivesite ya Katolika ya Malaŵi. Ivyo vikukhumbikwa kuti munthu wanjilirepo ni viphalizgano 6 pa chikalata cha masambiro gha sukulu ya Malawi, ivyo vikuyana waka na O levels.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasnett |first1=Martena Tenney |last2=Sepmeyer |first2=Inez Hopkins |title=Educational Systems of Africa: Interpretations for Use in the Evaluation of Academic Credentials |url=https://archive.org/details/educationalsyste0000sasn |date=1967 |publisher=University of California Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/educationalsyste0000sasn/page/903 903] |language=en}}</ref> == Ŵanakazi mu Malaŵi == [[File:Making candles in Malawi.jpg|thumb|upright|Gulu la ŵanakazi la Mbawemi ku Malawi likusambira umo lingasazgirako mtengo ku phula la njuchi mwa kupanga makandulo]]Chiŵelengero cha ŵasambiri ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵa misinkhu yinandi ndiposo ŵasambiri wose pamoza na ŵanalume na ŵanakazi chikulongora kuti ŵanakazi ŵakusambira sukulu ndipo ŵanalume ŵakusambira.<ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=monitoring_learning|title=Girls' Primary and Secondary Education in Malawi: Sector Review|last1=Robertson|first1=Sally|last2=Cassity|first2=Elizabeth|date=28 July 2017|website=The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)|last3=Kunkwenzu|first3=Esthery}}</ref> Female students in Malawi, though, see consistent declines as the age increases.<ref name=":02" /> The life expectancy of women in 2010 was approximately 58 years old, while data from 2017 grew to 66 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?end=2017&locations=MW&start=2010|title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) – Malawi|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Chiŵelengero cha ŵamama awo ŵakufwa pa kubabika mu Malaŵi nchakuchepa chomene nanga tingayaniska na maboma agho ghali mu nyengo zakuyana waka pa chitukuko.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/MWI.pdf|title=Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century: Malawi|date=2019|website=Human Development Report 2019}}</ref> Ufulu wa chiharo uwo ulipo sono mu Malaŵi ukusangika kuti ngwakuyana waka pakugaŵikana kwawo pakati pa ŵana ŵanalume/ŵanakazi na ŵafumu na ŵawoli ŵanalume/ŵanakazi awo ŵali kufwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/939291535658711278/pdf/WPS8573.pdf|title=Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa|last1=Gaddis|first1=Isis|last2=Lahoti|first2=Rahul|date=August 2018|website=World Bank Group|last3=Li|first3=Wenjie}}</ref> The current state of female labour participation details how a higher percentage of the male population is currently employed despite the female population having a higher total employed population and a very similar unemployment rate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/Labour%20Force/Labour%20Force%20Survey%202013/Malawi%20Labour%20Force%20Surver%202013%20Report.pdf|title=Malawi Labour Force Survey|date=April 2014|website=National Statistical Office|access-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513190542/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/Labour%20Force/Labour%20Force%20Survey%202013/Malawi%20Labour%20Force%20Surver%202013%20Report.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> This gap continues with wages in Malawi.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf|title=Global Gender Gap Report 2020|date=2020|website=World Economic Forum}}</ref> As the highest-ranked sub-Saharan state, Rwanda, scored a 0.791 on a 0–1 scale while Malawi scored 0.664.<ref name=":12" /> Kunjilirapo kwa ŵanakazi mu ndondomeko ya ndale za chalo kwawoneka kuti nkhwakupeleŵera chomene kuluska ŵanyawo ŵanalume chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵakuŵawona kuti mbambura kwenelera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/media-briefing/malawi/mlw_r6_presentation4_gender.pdf|title=In Malawi, women lag behind men in political participation and activism: Findings from Afrobarometer Round 6 Surveys in Malawi|date=2014|website=Afrobarometer}}</ref> Female participation in politics is further restricted from national political structures due to the presence of gatekeepers, who provide access to the resources needed to win elections and maintain seats in parliament.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kayuni|first1=Happy Mickson|last2=Chikadza|first2=Kondwani Farai|date=2016|title=The Gatekeepers: Political Participation of Women in Malawi|url=https://www.cmi.no/publications/5929-gatekeepers-political-participation-women-malawi|journal=CMI Brief|language=en|volume=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10289.pdf|title=Women and power: Representation and influence in Malawi's parliament|last1=O'Neil|first1=Tam|last2=Kanyongolo|first2=Ngeyi|date=February 2016|website=Overseas Development Institute|last3=Wales|first3=Joseph|last4=Mkandawire|first4=Moir|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326200405/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10289.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> This limited participation is directly correlated to the limited positions that are occupied by women in the national setup. Though the national parliament has appointed female members to seats within the body, over 20% of the seats in parliament are held by women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/gender-quotas/country-view/219/35|title={{!}} International IDEA|website=www.idea.int|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328054446/https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/gender-quotas/country-view/219/35|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Military== {{Main|Malawian Defence Force}} [[File:Malawian female soldier (45745891874).jpg|thumb|Msilikari mwanakazi wa ku Malaŵi]] Malawi wali na ŵasilikari ŵachoko waka pafupifupi 25,000, awo ŵakuchemeka [[Nkhongono zakuvikilira Malawi]]. Lili na ŵasilikari, ŵasilikari ŵa pa nyanja na ŵasilikari ŵa mu mlengalenga. Ŵasilikari ŵa Malawi ŵakafuma ku [[British Army|British colonial units]] awo ŵakapangika pambere ŵandaŵe na wanangwa, ndipo sono ŵali na magulu ghaŵiri gha mfuti na gulu limoza la parachute. Nkhondo ya Malawi Air Force yikakhazikiska na wovwiri wa Germany mu 1976, ndipo yikugwiliskira ntchito ndege zichoko waka zakunyamulira ŵanthu na ndege za helikopita zakugwira ntchito zinandi. Nkhondo ya Malawi ya pa nyanja yikakhazikiskika mu vilimika vya m’ma 1970 na wovwiri wa Portugal, sono yili na ngalaŵa zitatu izo zikugwira ntchito pa Nyanja ya Malawi, izo zili ku [[Monkey Bay]].<ref name="Turner22">Turner, ''The Statesman's Yearbook'', p. 822</ref> In 2017, Malawi signed the UN [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection |date=7 July 2017}}</ref> ==Culture== {{See also|Music of Malawi|Malawian cuisine}} [[File:Drums exhibit, Blantyre Chichiri Museum.jpg|thumb|Vida vya sumu vya ku Malaŵi]] Zina lakuti "Malawi" likufumira ku [[Maravi]], gulu la [[ŵanthu ŵa Bantu|Bantu]] ilo likasamira ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] pafupifupi 1400&nbsp;AD. Mu vyaka 100 ivyo vyajumpha, kugaŵikana kwa mitundu kwacepa mwakuti palije mphindano yikuru pakati pa mitundu, nangauli kugaŵikana kwa vigaŵa kukucalipo. Fundo yakuti munthu ni mtundu wa Malawi yayamba kupangika kuzingilizga ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi awo kanandi ŵakulondezga fundo zakale ndipo ŵakuchitako yayi nkhaza. Zina lakuti "Warm Heart of Africa" ​​likapelekeka ku charu ichi chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Malaŵi ŵakawona kuti mbachitemwa.<ref name="StateDept" /> Kufuma mu 1964 m’paka 2010, ndiposo kufuma mu 2012, [[mbendera ya Malawi]] yili na mizere yitatu yakuyana waka yakukhora ya mtundu wakufipa, wakufipa, na wakubiriŵira ndipo pakati pa mzere wakufipa pali zuŵa lakufumira kufipa. Mzere wakufipa ukayimiliranga ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, wakufipa ukayimiliranga ndopa za awo ŵakakomeka chifukwa cha wanangwa wa Africa, wakubiriŵira ukayimiliranga chilengiwa cha Malawi icho chikukhala nyengo zose ndipo zuŵa ilo likafumanga likayimiliranga mdima wa wanangwa na chigomezgo cha Africa.<ref name="Flag">{{cite web|url=http://www.fotw.us/flags/mw.html|title=Malawi|work=Flags of the World Website|author=Berry, Bruce|date=6 February 2005|access-date=22 September 2010|publisher=Flags of the World|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821101750/http://www.fotw.us/flags/mw.html|archive-date=21 August 2010}}</ref> In 2010, the flag was changed, removing the red rising sun and adding a full white sun in the centre as a symbol of Malawi's [[economy of Malawi|economic progress]]. The change was reverted in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2012/05/30/dpp-govt-blew-k3bn-on-flag-change/|title=DPP govt blew K3bn on flag change|newspaper=Nyasa Times|access-date=10 April 2013|date=30 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518233702/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2012/05/30/dpp-govt-blew-k3bn-on-flag-change/|archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref> [[Gulu la Kuvina la Charu Chose]] (kale likaŵa Gulu la Kwacha Cultural Troupe) likapangika mu Novembala 1987 na boma.<ref name="Turner24" /> Nyimbo na kuvina kwa chikhalidwe vingawoneka pa [[Kuyambiska|miyambo yakwamba]], [[miyambo]]s, viphikiro vya nthengwa na vikondwelero.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ntilosanje |first1=Timothy |title=Traditional dances of Malawi |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi |website=Music in Africa |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref> Mafuko gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Malaŵi ghali na chikhalidwe cha [[Kuluka viŵiya|kupanga viŵiya]] na [[chisoti]] [[kuseŵa makuni|kuseŵa]]. [[Kuseŵa makuni]] na [[kupenta mafuta]] vikumanyikwaso mu misumba yinandi, ndipo vinthu vinandi ivyo vikupangika vikuguliskika ku ŵalendo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=The Culture Of Malawi |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-culture-of-malawi.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth Changers RSC Malawi Orbis Sustainable Tourism |url=https://www.earth-changers.com/sustainable-places/malawi-responsible-safari-company |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Earth Changers |language=en-GB}}</ref>{{Better citation needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=October 2024}} Pali ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakumanyikwa pa charu chose chapasi kufuma ku Malaŵi, kusazgapo ndakatulo [[Jack Mapanje]], mulembi wa mdauko na ntharika [[Paul Tiyambe Zeleza|Paul Zeleza]] na ŵalembi [[Legson Kayira]]. ===Upharazgi=== {{Main|Upharazgi mu Malaŵi}}[[Televishoni ya Malawi]], iyo yikulongozgeka na wupu wa Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), ndiyo yikupharazgira ŵanthu wose mu chalo cha Malaŵi. MBC yikakhazikiskika pasi pa dango la Nyumba ya Malango mu 1964, ndipo yikugwira ntchito pa wayilesi na pa televishoni. ===Maseŵero=== {{Main|Maseŵero mu Malaŵi}} [[Association football|Mpira]] ni maseŵero ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Malaŵi, ghakayambika mu nyengo ya ulamuliro wa ŵakoloni ŵa Britain. [[Timu ya mpira wamalundi ya chalo cha Malawi|timu ya chalo]] yatondeka kufika pa [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] mpaka sono kweni yawonekera katatu mu [[Africa Cup of Nations]]. Magulu gha mpira ghakusazgapo [[Mighty Wanderers]], [[Nyasa Big Bullets FC] FC|Civo Maseŵera]], [[Nyumba ya Ŵasilikari ya Moyale]], na [[Nkhalamu Zankhongono FC|Nkhalamu Zankhongono]]. Basketball nayo yikukura chomene, kweni [[timu ya basketball ya chalo cha Malawi|timu ya chalo cha Malawi]] yake yindachiteko mpikisano uliwose wa pa charu chose.<ref name=Gall>{{cite book |year=1998|editor1-last=Gall|editor1-first=James L. |title=Worldmark Encyclopaedia of Cultures and Daily Life|volume=1 – Africa|location=Detroit and London|publisher=Gale Research|pages=101–102 |isbn=0-7876-0552-2 }}</ref> Kupambana kwakukwana kwasangika mu [[netball]], na [[timu ya chalo cha Malawi ya netball]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://netball.sport/events-and-results/current-world-rankings |title=Current World Rankings |publisher=World Netball |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref> ranked 6th in the world (as of March 2021). ===Vyakurya=== {{Main|Vyakurya vya ku Malawi}} Vyakurya vya ku Malaŵi ni vyakupambanapambana, ndipo tiyi na somba ndivyo vikumanyikwa chomene pa vyakurya vya charu ichi.<ref name=emb>{{cite web |url=http://www.malawiembassy.org/en/visit/food.html |title=The Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Malawi to Japan |website=Malawiembassy.org |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314022501/http://www.malawiembassy.org/en/visit/food.html |archive-date=14 March 2013 }}</ref> Shuga, khofi, chimanga, mbatata, mabele, ng'ombe, na mbuzi navyo ni vyakuzirwa chomene pa vyakurya na chuma. [[Nyanja ya Malawi]] ni malo agho ghakusangikamo somba, nga ni [[Oreochromis lidole|chambo]] (yakuyana waka na [[bream]]), [[usipa]] (yakuyana waka na [[sardine]]s), na [[ mpasa]] (kuyana waka na [[somba]] na [[kampango]]).<ref name=emb/> [[Nsima]] ni chakurya icho chikupangika na chimanga chakugaya ndipo kanandi ŵakuchipereka pamoza na nyama na mphangwe. Kanandi ŵakurya pa chakurya cha muhanya na cha mise.<ref name=emb/> ==Wonaniso== {{portal|Malawi|Africa}} * [[Outline of Malawi]] * [[Telephone numbers in Malawi]] {{Clear}} ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} ==Pobekera== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|author=Cutter, Charles H.|title=Africa 2006|edition=41st|year=2006|publisher=Stryker-Post Publications|location=Harpers Ferry, West Virginia|isbn=1-887985-72-7}} * {{cite book|author=Davidson, Basil|title=Africa in History: Themes and Outlines|edition=Revised and Expanded|publisher=Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company|location=New York|year=1991|isbn=0-02-042791-3|url=https://archive.org/details/africainhistoryt00davi_0}} * {{cite book|author=Dickovick, J. Tyler|title=Africa 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/africa20080000dick|edition=43rd|year=2008|publisher=Stryker-Post Publications|location=Harpers Ferry, West Virginia|isbn=978-1-887985-90-1}} * {{cite book|author=Meredith, Martin|title=The Fate of Africa&nbsp;– From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair: A History of 50 Years of Independence|publisher=Public Affairs|location=New York|year=2005|isbn=1-58648-246-7|url=https://archive.org/details/fateofafricafrom00mere}} * {{cite book|editor=Murphy, Philip|title=Central Africa: Closer Association 1945–1958|publisher=The Stationery Office|location=London, UK|year=2005|isbn=0-11-290586-2}} * {{cite book|author=Reader, John|title=Africa: A Biography of the Continent|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|edition=First Vintage Books|year=1999|isbn=0-679-73869-X|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/africabiographyo0000read}} * {{cite book|editor=Turner, Barry|title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2009: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World|publisher=Macmillan Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4039-9278-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/statesmansyearbo0000unse}} *Willie Molesi, ''Black Africa versus Arab North Africa: The Great Divide'', {{ISBN|979-8332308994}} *Willie Molesi, ''Relations Between Africans and Arabs: Harsh Realities'',{{ISBN|979-8334767546}} * Willie Molesi, ''Africans and Indians: The Gulf Between'', {{ISBN| 979-8338818190}} {{Refend}} ==Milumikizgo Yakuwalo== {{Sister project links|Malawi|voy=Malawi}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200416051012/https://www.malawi.gov.mw/ Government of the Republic of Malawi] Official website * {{Wikiatlas|Malawi}} {{Malawi topics}} {{Navboxes |title = Articles relating to Malawi |list = {{Countries of Africa}} {{Southern African Development Community}} {{African Union}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{Countries of Africa}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|13|30|S|34|00|E|display=title}} [[Category:Malawi| ]] [[Category:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Category:East African countries]] [[Category:Southeast African countries]] [[Category:Southern African countries]] [[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]] [[Category:Landlocked countries]] [[Category:Least developed countries]] [[Category:Member states of the African Union]] [[Category:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Category:Member states of the United Nations]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1964]] [[Category:1964 establishments in Malawi]] [[Category:Countries in Africa]] [[Category:Former British protectorates]] [[Category:Associated states]] [[Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa]] [[Category:Former monarchies]] 883kzfwtewul683y9a1khbh65j457nf 0 24455 123031 122732 2026-10-07T13:28:52Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 123031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lt Mike Hunter 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[United States]] Mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo. F.W. "Mike" Hunter wakuvwara suti ya ndege mu Okutobala 1942]] '''Woyendetsa ndege''' ni munthu uyo wakulongozga ndege pakugwiliskira nchito nthowa yakulongozgera ndege. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege, nga ni awo ŵakwendeska ndege panji awo ŵakovwira kupanga ndege, nawo ŵakuchemeka ŵalaŵiliri ŵa ndege. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege, nga ni awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege za drone, ŵantchito awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege, ŵantchito awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege za ndege, na ŵantchito awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege, ŵakuŵa nga ni awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu ndege yayi. Pakuwona maluso na milimo ya awo ŵakwendeska ndege, ŵasilikari ŵanandi na makampani ghanandi gha ndege pa caru cose ŵakuŵapa badges. ==Mbiri== Kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kupwetekeka mu mlengalenga panji pasi, nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ndege zikakhumbikwiranga kuti nyengo zose munthu uyo wakendeskanga ndiyo wazilongozgenge. Wupu wa Aéro-Club de [[France]] ukapeleka satifiketi yakwamba kwa Louis Blériot mu 1908, pamanyuma pake Glenn Curtiss, Léon Delagrange, na Robert Esnault-Pelterie. Mu 1910, gulu la British Royal Aero Club likamba kuwungana, ndipo mu 1911, gulu la Aero Club of America likamba kuwungana. ==Ŵanthu== Awo ŵakwendeska ndege za ŵanthu wose ŵakuwuluka ndege za mtundu uliwose paŵekha kuti ŵasanguluskike, kovwira ŵanthu, panji kuchita bizinesi, panji kuti ŵagwiliskire ntchito ndege za ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege yayi (charter), za ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege, za katundu (airlines), za makampani, za ulimi (kusesa fuvu pa vyakurya, na vinyake), za kugega moto mu nkhorongo, na za kukora malango. Para munthu wakwenda pa ndege, kanandi wakuchemeka kuti pilot, ndipo uyo wakwendeska ndege wakuchemeka captain. ===Gulu la ndege=== Mu 2017, pa caru cose pakaŵa ŵakwendeska ndege 290,000 ndipo CAE Inc., iyo yikupanga vyakupangiska ndege, yikusachizga kuti mu 2027 paŵenge ŵakwendeska ndege 255,000. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cae.com/uploadedFiles/Content/BusinessUnit/Civil_Aviation/CAE-Airline-Pilot-Demand-Outlook-Spread.pdf|title=Airline Pilot Demand Outlook|at=10-year view|date=June 2017|publisher=CAE Inc.|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712235720/http://www.cae.com/uploadedFiles/Content/BusinessUnit/Civil_Aviation/CAE-Airline-Pilot-Demand-Outlook-Spread.pdf|archive-date=July 12, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Boeing yikukhazga kuti mu vyaka 20 kufuma mu 2018, paŵenge ŵakwendeska ndege 790,000, 635,000 ŵa ndege za malonda, 96,000 ŵa ndege za bizinesi na 59,000 ŵa ndege za helikopta: 33% mu Asia Pacific (261,000), 26% mu North America (206,000), 18% mu [[Europe]] (146,000), 8% mu Middle East (64,000), 7% mu Latin America (57,000), 4% mu Africa (29,000) na 3% mu Russia/Central Asia (27,000). <ref>{{cite web |title= Pilot Outlook: 2018 - 2037 |date= July 23, 2018 |publisher= Boeing |url= http://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/pilot-technician-outlook/2018-pilot-outlook/}}</ref> Kuzakafika mu Novembala 2017, chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa ŵakwendeska ndege, ŵakwendeska ndege ŵanyake ŵakafumanga mu ndege za maboma na kuwelera ku ndege. Mu ciyelezgero cimoza, munthu munyake uyo wakendeskanga ndege ya Global 6000, wakapokeranga ndalama zakukwana madola 250,000 pa chaka pa maora 10 panji 15 pa mwezi. Munthu uyo wakwendeska ndege ya Gulfstream G650 panji Global 6000 wangasanga ndalama zakukwana madola 245,000 m'paka 265,000, ndipo kuti munthu waŵe mupayiniya wakwenera kusanga ndalama zakukwana madola 300,000. Paumaliro wa nkhani iyi, ŵapayiniya ŵachokoŵacoko ŵakulemba ŵapayiniya ŵaphya awo ŵakukhumbikwira maora 300 kuti ŵambe kwendera ndege. Ŵangagwiliskaso nchito awo ŵandaciteko upayiniya, awo ŵali na nchito zinyake, panji awo ŵafuma pa nchito ndipo ŵakukhumba kulutilira kwendera ndege. <ref name=AIN21nonv2017>{{cite news|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-11-21/bizav-leaders-seeing-shortages-qualified-pilot-pool|title=Bizav Leaders Seeing Shortages in Qualified Pilot Pool|work=AIN|author=Kerry Lynch|date=November 21, 2017|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> ====Kugwiliskira nchito makina==== Ŵanthu awo ŵakwendeska ndege ŵangamba kuchepa chifukwa chakuti ŵadokotala ŵamba kwendera ŵekha. Mu Janyuwale 2017, Rhett Ross, CEO wa kampani ya Continental Motors, wakati: "Nkhufipa mtima kuti mu vyaka 20 vyakunthazi, panji munthazi chomene, ndege izo zikuyendera paŵekha zizamuŵa kuti zapangika mwakukwana kuti zikhuŵazge malipiro, unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakuyendera ndege, na ntchito izo zikuchitika. Ntheura usange mwana wakufumba fumbo ili sono ndipo wali na vyaka 18, mu vyaka 20 kufuma sono kuzamuŵa chaka cha 2037 ndipo munthu uyo wakukhumba kucita nchito wazamuŵa na vyaka 38 - nanga ni pakati pa nchito yayi. Kasi ni njani wa ise uyo wakughanaghana kuti ndege zizamuwoneka nga umo ziliri sono?" Christian Dries, mwenecho wa kampani ya Diamond Aircraft Austria wakati: "Kumbuyo kwa chithuzithuzi, awo ŵakupanga ndege ŵakuchita ntchito ya kupanga ndege ya munthu yumoza. Paumaliro, ndege izi zizamuyendera paŵekha, ndipo nkhukhazga kuti mu vyaka vinkhondi panji vinkhondi na cimoza, ndege izi zizamuyendera paŵekha". <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avweb.com/blogs/insider/Will-a-Robot-Steal-Your-Pilot-Job-228279-1.html|title=Will A Robot Steal Your Pilot Job?|access-date=31 July 2017|work=AVweb|date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105085148/https://avweb.com/news/pilotless-transport-aircraft-by-2025-says-ubs/|archive-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2017, kampani ya ndalama ya UBS yikayowoyerathu kuti ndege zambura ŵanthu zingawoneka mu 2025, ndipo zingapulumutsa ndalama zakukwana madola 35 biliyoni, comenecomene mu ndalama zakwendeskera ndege: madola 26 biliyoni ku makampani gha ndege, madola 3 biliyoni ku ndege za bizinesi na madola 2.1 biliyoni ku ndege za ŵanthu; madola 3 biliyoni pa caka kufuma ku masukulu ghakukhozga ŵanthu na ndalama za inshuwalansi ya ndege cifukwa ca maulendo ghakuvikilirika. Vinthu vikwenera kunozgekaso kuti katundu uyo wakwendeskeka na ndege waŵe wakuzirwa chomene, kweni ndege zambura ŵanthu zingaŵa na mphaka chifukwa cha nkharo ya ŵanthu. <ref name=UBS7Aug2017>{{citation|url=https://files.static-nzz.ch/2017/8/7/93872795-5ab9-4f94-bb3a-f6ed38c6b886.pdf|title=Flying solo – how far are we down the path towards pilotless planes?|work=UBS Global Research|date=7 August 2017|publisher=UBS|author=Jarrod Castle|display-authors=et al|access-date=August 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817163517/https://files.static-nzz.ch/2017/8/7/93872795-5ab9-4f94-bb3a-f6ed38c6b886.pdf|archive-date=August 17, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Geoff Rapoport, mulembi wa AVweb, wakati: "Vyuni vyambura ŵanthu ni nthowa yiwemi comene yakuti makampani gha ndege ghasange ŵanthu ŵanandi mu vyaka 10 ivyo vikwiza. Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, malipiro na masukulu ghakusambizgira ŵanthu vya ku malo ghanyake gha ku United States ghakukwera comene cifukwa cakuti makampani ghakurughakuru gha ndege ghakulemba ŵasilikari ŵa ku malo agha pa msonkho ukuru comene kuti ŵakwaniske kwenda pa ndege cifukwa ca kukura kwa cuma ndiposo ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakufumapo pa nchito". <ref name="Rapoport07Aug17">{{cite web|url = https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Pilotless-Transport-Aircraft-by-2025-says-UBS-229474-1.html|title=Pilotless Transport Aircraft By 2025 Says UBS|access-date=9 August 2017|last=Rapoport|first=Geoff|work=AVweb|date=7 August 2017}}</ref> Kuwelera ku ndege zambura ŵanthu kungacitika mwakucita cinthu cimoza panji mwakucita vinthu vinyake vyakusazgikira, nga nkhuchepeska ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda mu ndege pa maulendo ghatali panji kuzomerezga ndege za katundu za munthu yumoza. Viŵanda vyandyali vindasankhepo cakucita. Magulu agho ghalipo sono ghakukhala ghapekha yayi ndipo ghakwenera kulongozgeka. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-how-boeing-is-approaching-the-future-of-pi-440217/|title=How Boeing is approaching the future of pilotless airliners|date=21 Aug 2017|author=Stephen Trimble|work=Flightglobal|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> Chifukwa chakuti ndege ya Airbus A350 yikukhumbikwira kusintha pachoko waka, wupu wa Air Caraibes na French Bee Groupe Dubreuil ukukhumba kuti pa ndege izo zikwenda mtunda utali, paŵe ŵanthu ŵaŵiri. <ref>{{cite news |url= https://aviationweek.com/awincommercial/airline-ceo-sees-reduced-long-haul-crew-near-future |title= Airline CEO Sees Reduced Long-Haul Crew In Near Future |date= Dec 11, 2019 |author= Thierry Dubois |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref> Ndege za munthu yumoza izo zikuyegha katundu zingamba kwendera dera. <ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-singapore-airshow-pilotless/freight-first-as-jetmakers-study-single-pilot-airplanes-idUSKBN1FS0SV|date=February 8, 2018|title=Freight first as jetmakers study single-pilot airplanes|author=Jamie Freed, Tim Hepher|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> Bungwe la Air Line Pilots Association likugomezga kuti kuwuskamo ŵakwendeska ndege kungakhwaska umoyo wa ndege ndipo likususka chigaŵa cha 744 cha chikalata cha FAA cha mu Epulero 2018 chakupanga pulogiramu ya kafukufuku na chitukuko yakovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege yimoza kuti ŵendeskenge ndege za katundu. <ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-why-two-pilots-cockpit-remains-essential |title= Opinion: Why Two Pilots In The Cockpit Remains Essential |date= Jul 31, 2018 |author= Tim Canoll |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> Ku malo ghaku France ghakuchemeka Onera na Thales Group ghakuchemeka Thales, ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira nchito vinthu vya Artificial Intelligence (AI) ŵakumanya yayi umo vinthu ivi vikugwilira nchito. Mu vyaka 10 ivyo vikwiza, ŵanthu ŵazamulutilira kumanya umo vinthu viliri pa nkhani ya umanyi, chifukwa wupu wa Onera ukukhumba kuti ŵanthu ŵamanye umo vinthu viliri pa nkhani ya umanyi. <ref name=AvWeek26nov2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/defense/no-ai-cockpit-anytime-soon-onera-thales-say |title= No AI In Cockpit Anytime Soon, Onera, Thales Say |date= Nov 26, 2018 |author= Thierry Dubois |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref> ===Asia na Africa=== Mu vyaru vinyake, nga ni [[Pakistan]], Thailand, na vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa, ŵasilikari ŵakukolerana comene na makampani ghakurughakuru gha ndege, ndipo ŵasilikari ndiwo ŵakwendeska ndege zinandi. {{cn}} Nangauli mu ndege za ku United States na ku Europe muli ŵanthu awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari, kweni ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa mbacilendo. Nangauli masukulu gha ŵasilikari ghakuŵa ghakusuzga, kweni ghakupambana comene na gha ŵanthu. ===Canada=== Kugwiliskira nchito ndege mu Canada kukwendeskeka na Dango la vya Ndege la 1985 ndipo malango gha Canada ghakukhwaskana na vya ndege ghakulongosora malango ghakwendeskera masambiro gha ndege mu Canada. Gulu lililose la ndege likupeleka vyaka vya kupumura pa nchito, ndipo ŵanji ŵakuŵa na vyaka 60, kweni malango gha ku Canada ghakukhwaskana na wanangwa wa ŵanthu ghakukanizga ŵanthu kupumura pa nchito. <ref>{{cite web|author=Vanessa Lu|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2013/01/24/air_canada_pilots_can_continue_flying_past_age_60_under_new_rules.html|title=Air Canada pilots can continue flying past age 60 under new rules|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=January 24, 2013|access-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> ==Wankhondo== [[Image:USAF pilot.jpg|thumb|Wupu wa United States Air Force (USAF) [[F-16]] woyendetsa ndege]] Awo ŵakwendeska ndege za ŵasilikari ŵakuwuluka na ŵasilikari ŵa boma panji ŵa boma. Mauteŵeti ghawo ghakukolerana na nkhondo na milimo yinyake, kusazgapo nkhondo za ku nkhondo na milimo yakovwira. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakwendeska ndege ŵakusambizgika umo ŵangagwiliskira ntchito vilwero. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵakuŵa nga mbalongozgi ŵa ndege za nkhondo, ŵasilikari ŵa ndege za mabomba, ŵasilikari ŵa ndege za pa mtunda, ŵasilikari ŵakuyezgelera ndege, na ŵasilikari ŵa mu mlengalenga. Awo ŵakuwovwira ŵasilikari ŵakusambira vinthu vyakupambana na awo ŵakuwovwira ŵasilikari. Vinthu ivi vikupangika cifukwa ca mitundu yakupambana-pambana ya ndege, vilato vya ndege, umo vinthu viliri pa ndege, na milimo iyo yikukhumbikwa. Ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵakuŵa ŵasilikari para ŵafuma mu usilikari. ==Vyakuyegha ndege vyambura ŵanthu== [[File:6th Reconnaissance Squadron - Operator.jpg|thumb|Wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa United States Air Force.]] Vinthu vyambura ŵanthu (UAVs, panji kuti "drones") vikwenda kwambura munthu uyo wakuviwovwira ndipo vikupambana mu vigaŵa viŵiri: ndege zambura munthu uyo wakuzilongozga pa nyengo iyo zikwenda na Vinthu vyambura ŵanthu ivyo munthu yumoza panji ŵanandi ŵakuviwovwira. Munthu uyo wakwendeska ndege ya UAV iyo yikwendeskeka patali wangamanyikwa kuti ni piloti panji woyendetsa ndege. Kuyana na umo UAV yikugwilira nchito, awo ŵakwendeska panji awo ŵakugwiliskira nchito UAV ŵangakhumbikwira kuŵa na masatifiketi panji masambiro, kweni kanandi ŵakukhumbikwira yayi kuŵa na masatifiketi gha awo ŵakwendeska ndege. Vyaru vinandi vili na malango ghakukanizga kugwiliskira nchito ndege za UAV, ndipo ivi vyapangiska kuti zileke kugwiliskirika nchito mu malo gha mlengalenga. Ku United States, kugwiliskira nchito ndege za UAV ni kwakukwana yayi mu malo gha mu mlengalenga agho ghali na mazaza. Para malango ghaŵikika kuti ghazomerezge kugwiliskira nchito ndege za UAV mu malo gha mlengalenga ghakuzomerezgeka, pakwenera kuŵa unandi wa ndege izi, ndipo ntheura pakukhumbikwira ŵalaŵiliri ŵa ndege izi. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Rooney|first1=Ben|title=Drone pilot wanted: Starting salary $100,000|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/11/25/news/drone-pilot-degree/|access-date=March 24, 2015|work=CNN|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> ==Nyengo zilipo== [[File:Astronaut_Pilot.jpg|thumb|Cithuzithuzi ca munthu uyo wakwenda mu mlengalenga wakucita maseŵero ghakusambizgira ŵanthu.]] Fundo yakuti munthu wakwendeska ndege yingagwiliskikaso ntchito para munthu wakwenda mu mlengalenga. Uyo wakwendeska ndege ndiyo wakwendeska ndege. Lizgu ili likufuma ku lizgu lakuti "pilot" ilo likuyowoyeka mu ndege. ==Vyakuyegha ndege vyambura ŵanthu== [[File:6th Reconnaissance Squadron - Operator.jpg|thumb|Wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa United States Air Force.]] Awo ŵakwendeska ndege ŵakuŵa na maora ghanandi gha masambiro gha umo ŵangayendera, agho ghakupambana mu vyaru na vyaru. Cinthu cakwamba ico mukwenera kucita nkhusanga layisensi ya woyendetsa ndege. Ku United States of America, para munthu wakwera ndege wakuŵa kuti wasambira maora 35 m'paka 40. Ku United States, munthu wangaŵa na layisensi ya ndege ya LSA (Light Sport Aircraft) para wakwera ndege kwa maora 20. Para munthu wakukhumba kuŵa mupayiniya, wakwenera kuŵa na ID (Instrument Rating) panji ID (Multi-Engine Rating). Usange munthu wakukhumba kuchita ntchito panji kuŵa na maluso ghakuyana na ghake, wakwenera kuŵa na layisensi ya kulaŵilira ndege. Kuti munthu waŵe kapitawo wa ndege, wakwenera kuŵa na layisensi ya kulaŵilira ndege. Pamanyuma pa 1 Ogasiti 2013, nanga wangaŵa Mulara Wakwamba (FO), ATPL yikukhumbikwa. <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Pope|first=Stephen|title=FAA Finalizes ATP Rule for First Officers|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/news/faa-finalizes-atp-rule-first-officers|access-date=October 15, 2014|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=July 11, 2013}}</ref> Vyaru vinyake vikukhumba panji kugwiliskira nchito chipharazgo cha ŵantchito ŵanandi. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} nb8rwaaxq85dy3iorvmib86bxfmkz4p 0 24506 123115 111092 2026-10-08T08:41:05Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|2|0 */ 123115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Infobox national military|name=Malawian Defence Force|native_name=|image=Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|alt=|caption=Coat of arms of Malawi|image2=|alt2=|caption2=|motto=|founded=|current_form=|disbanded=|branches=Malawi Army<br />Maritime Force<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/exit-nundwe-at-malawi-army-namathanga-now-commander/ |title=Exit Nundwe at Malawi Army, Namathanga Now Commander|author=Wongane Chiuta|date=March 17, 2020}}</ref><br />Malawi Air Force|headquarters=Kamazu Barracks, Lilongwe|flying_hours=|website=<!--{{URL|example.mil}}--> <!-- Leadership -->|commander-in-chief=[[Lazarus Chakwera]]|commander-in-chief_title=[[President of Malawi|Commander-in-Chief]]<br />and Minister of Defence|chief minister=|chief minister_title=|minister=|minister_title=|commander=[[Vincent Nundwe]]|commander_title=[[Commander of the Defence Force (Malawi)|Commander of the Defence Force]] <!-- Manpower -->|age=18|conscription=|manpower_data=|manpower_age=|available=|available_f=|fit=|fit_f=|reaching=|reaching_f=|active=25,500|ranked=|reserve=|deployed=<!-- Financial -->|amount=$70 million (FY00/01)|percent_GDP=0.76% (FY00/01) <!-- Industrial -->|domestic_suppliers=|foreign_suppliers=[[France]]<br />[[Russia]]<br />[[United Kingdom]]<br />[[United States]]|imports=|exports=<!-- Related articles -->|history=[[Mozambican Civil War]]<br />[[Malawi Young Pioneers#Operation Bwezani|Operation Bwezani]] <br /> [[M23 rebellion|M23 Rebellion]]<br />[[Allied Democratic Forces insurgency|ADF Insurgency]]|ranks=[[Military ranks of Malawi]]}} '''Gulu la Nkhondo la Malawi'''<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 budget document |url=http://www.sdnp.org.mw/budget-2011/votes-2011/Vote_101_-_Malawi_Defense_Force.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023175052/http://www.sdnp.org.mw/budget-2011/votes-2011/Vote_101_-_Malawi_Defense_Force.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2014 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Sdnp.org.mw}}</ref> ni wupu wa boma uwo ukuvikilira [[Malaŵi]]. Gulu ili likafuma ku gulu la British King's African Rifles, ilo likaŵa na ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake pambere charu chindambe kujiyimira mu 1964. Gulu la ŵasilikari lili pasi pa Unduna wa vya Kuvikilira. == Wankhondo wa Malawi == Pambere Malawi wandaŵe wakujiyimira yekha, wakathembanga ku malo gha nkhondo gha ku Rhodesia, pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vinthu vyawo pa caru cose, m'malo mwa ku malo ghakupambanapambana.<ref>{{cite book|author=J.M. Lee|title=African Armies and Civil Order|series=Studies in International Security|publisher=[[Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=1969|page=58}}</ref> Gulu la Malawi Rifles likapangika apo charu ichi chikapokera wanangwa kufuma ku Britain mu 1964. Gulu lake lakwamba likafuma ku gulu lakwamba la King's African Rifles. Pa nyengo iyi, gulu ili likazgoka 1st Battalion, The Malawi Rifles (King's African Rifles). Ŵakaŵa ku malo agho ghakazgoka likuru la ŵasilikari ŵa Malawi ku Cobbe Barracks, Zomba. Mu Meyi 1958, Cobbe Barracks ŵakayithya zina la Jenerale Alexander Cobbe VC wa ku Britain, uyo wakateŵeterapo na King's African Rifles. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari 2,000 pa nyengo iyo ŵakafwatukanga. Pa 6 Julayi 1966, Malawi yikazgoka charu cha chalo cha Malawi ndipo Kamuzu Banda wakaŵa purezidenti wakwamba. Pamanyuma pa ciphikiro ca kulapa, mulimo wake wakwamba ukaŵa wa kupeleka ku ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma lakwake na mtundu uphya. Wakaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Brigadier Paul Lewis, uyo wakaŵa wa ku Britain. Mu 1966, pafupifupi 60% ya ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu ili ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari ŵacoko waka.<ref>Lee 1969, 109.</ref> Pamanyuma pa suzgo la nduna za boma mu 1964, gulu la Malawi Army likaparanya Henry Chipembere mu chigaŵa cha Mangochi na Machinga mu 1965. Mulinda munyake uyo wakathereskeka pa nyengo ya suzgo iyi wakaŵa Yatuta Chisiza. Chisiza wakachimbilira ku Tanzania, ndipo wakambiska Socialist League of Malawi, chipani chakususkana na boma la Malawi. Kweniso wakamba kucita milimo ya kuwukira boma la Banda. Mu 1967, Chisiza na ŵanthu ŵanyake 9 ŵakanjira mu chigaŵa cha Mwanza kufuma ku Tanzania. Mu nkhondo yakulondezgapo na ŵasilikari na Ŵachinyamata Ŵapayiniya pa Okutobala 9, 1967, wakakomeka pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaŵiri ŵa gulu la ŵakugaluka; ŵankhondi ŵakakoleka; ndipo ŵanyake wose ŵakachimbira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Bwezani |url=http://malawiyoungpioneers.netfirms.com/article3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714165030/http://malawiyoungpioneers.netfirms.com/article3.htm |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Mu 1970, International Institute for Strategic Studies yikalemba kuti ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵasilikari 1,150.<ref>"The Armed Forces of African States," IISS Adelphi Paper, Part IV: Eastern and Southern Africa, p19.</ref> Malaŵi wakakolerana na Portugal pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Malaŵi (1964-1974), ndipo Malawi Army yikakolerana na Portugal Army pakusunga mphaka ya Malaŵi na Mozambique na kukora ŵakugaluka ŵa FRELIMO. FRELIMO yikati yatonda ndipo Mozambique yikati yapokera wanangwa, ŵapolisi ŵa ku Portugal na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakafumako ku gulu la FRELIMO ŵakanjira usilikari wa Malawi.{{sfnp|Finnegan|1992|p=141}} Mulara wa gulu la Gurkha, John "Johnny" Clements, wakakwezgeka kuŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari mu Meyi 1971, ndipo wakalongozga gulu la Malawi Army mpaka Seputembala 1972. Pamanyuma pake, mulara wa ŵasilikari wakufipa wakwamba, Graciano Matewere, wakasankhika. Hastings Banda wakakwezga Matewere mwaluŵiro kuŵa Major General pamanyuma pa kupoka ndege ya South African Airways ku Blantyre mu 1972. Matewere wakafumapo pa nchito na Banda mu 1980 ndipo wakafwa mu 2001.<ref>[https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20010216/news/302169966 Malawi's first black army commander dies after a short illness], [[Associated Press]], 2001; see also {{cite book|author=John Gray|title=Climbing the Army Ladder|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jfc5K8fhxUC&q=Brigadier+Clements+Malawi|date=2010|isbn=9781450078962}}</ref> Lipoti la mu 1985 ilo likapelekeka na wupu wakuwona vya nkhondo (Defense Intelligence Agency) likati: "Pali sukulu ya ŵasilikari [kung'anamura Kamuzu Military College, ku Salima] iyo njimoza mwa masukulu ghawemi chomene, ghakwendeskeka makora, na ghakovwira ŵasilikari mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Likucitiska masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵaphya, masambiro ghanandi gha ŵasilikari, masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵa ŵasilikari, masambiro gha ŵalongozgi ŵa gulu, masambiro gha ŵalongozgi ŵa gulu, masambiro gha kudumbiskana, masambiro gha ŵasilikari ŵacoko, masambiro gha vyakurya, ndipo kunthazi lizamuŵaso masambiro gha ŵasilikari". Mwantheura, mulara wa ŵasilikari uyu wakaŵa Jenerale Melvin Khanga, pamoza na wachiŵiri wa mulara wa ŵasilikari, Lt. General Issac Yohane, na Director of Training Major General Wilfred Mponela. === Kusintha kwa demokalase === Mu 1992-93, ŵasilikari ŵakacita mulimo wakuzirwa comene wa kukanizga muwuso wa Kamuzu Banda. Pamanyuma pa kalata ya pa Malichi 8, 1992,<blockquote>''Pakaŵa vipharazgo vya ŵanthu wose vyakukhozgera ŵabishopu - comenecomene pa Yunivesite ya Blantyre na Zomba, uko ŵasilikari ŵakalongora kuti ŵakukhozgera ŵana ŵa sukulu na kulekeska ŵapolisi kucita nkhaza pa awo ŵakasuskanga. Ici cikaŵa cimanyikwiro cakwamba ca mulimo wa ŵasilikari. Mu Meyi 1992, ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakasuskanga boma ŵakalongozgana na ŵantchito ŵanyake awo ŵakachitanga sitiroko ku Blantyre. Mu mazuŵa ghaŵiri gha vivulupi, ŵapolisi na Ŵanyamata Ŵapayiniya ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasuskanga.''{{sfn|Carver|1994}}<ref>Carver citing Amnesty International, "Malawi March–July 1992: mass arrests of suspected government opponents", (AI Index: AFR 36/37/92), September 1992.</ref></blockquote>Mu Disembala 1992:<blockquote>''Ŵasilikari ŵakanjilirapo kuti ŵajare ŵasilikari ŵa MYP. Kukangana mu bar mu.. Mu Mzuzu, Ŵanyamata Ŵapayiniya ŵakakoma ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa pakati na ŵacoko ŵakagalukira mulara wa ŵasilikari, Jenerale Isaac Yohane, ndipo ŵakathereska ofesi ya Unduna wa Ŵawukirano na maofesi ghanyake gha MYP mu Lilongwe, kweniso ŵakapoka katundu wa ku ofesi yikuru ya MCP. Kufuma apo, ŵasilikari ŵakaluta ku misasa ya MYP mu caru cose.''{{sfn|Carver|1994}}</blockquote>Mulimo uwu ukacemekanga kuti "Bwezani", kung'anamura "kuwezgera" panji "kuwelera". Ici cikaŵa cakuzirwa comene mu mdauko wa ŵasilikari ŵa Malawi. Dipatimenti ya vyaru vya ku mpoto yikati mu chaka cha ndalama cha 2003, boma la United States likasambizga ŵasilikari ŵa gulu la 2nd Battalion, Malawi Rifles, panji ku Kamuzu Barracks, [[Lilongwe]], 3rd Battalion, Malawi Rifles (Moyale Barracks, Mzuzu), Parachute Battalion, na Combat Support Battalion (Mvera). Mu Julayi 2004 Jenerale Joseph Chimbayo wakaloŵeleramo Marko Chiziko.<ref>[https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04LILONGWE652_a.html 04LILONGWE652 Former Deputy Commander Becomes MDF Commander], July 14, 2004.</ref> In 2011 General Chiziko was succeeded by Henry Odillo as MDF Commander. Pa 5 Epulero 2012 apo Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika wakafwira, pakaŵa mphekesera za kuyezga kupoka boma kuti mubali Joyce Banda waleke kuŵa pulezidenti. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Jenerale Henry Odillo, ŵakanjilirapo na kulapa kuti ŵalutilirenge kukolerana na dango la Malawi. Ŵakaphalira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba ya Banda kuti ŵamuvikilire apo ŵakapulika kuti Mutharika wafwa. Kucita nthena kukawovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora pa nyengo ya kusintha kwa mazaza.<ref name="nyasatimes.com">{{cite web |title=President Banda has her work cut out |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/09/president-banda-has-her-work-cut-out/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415015149/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/09/president-banda-has-her-work-cut-out/ |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=23 October 2014 |work=Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi}}</ref> Malaŵi walembapo phangano lakwamba lakuti wanjire mu gulu la SADC Standby Brigade, ilo lili ku Southern Africa. Pano pa MDF Museum, Zomba, gulu la nkhondo la Malawi lili na magalimoto 20 gha Fox agho ghachali kugwira ntchito, kuyana na IISS mu 2020-01. Gulu la Force Intervention Brigade la United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo likapika mazaza na wupu wa United Nations Security Council pa 28 March 2013 kwizira mu resolution 2098. Ŵasilikari ŵakwamba 2,550 ŵakafuma ku Malawi, ku Tanzania People's Defence Force, na ku South Africa National Defence Force. Peter Mutharika wakati waŵa purezidenti mu 2014, wakasintha mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari kanayi mu vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza. Pa Ogasiti 4, 2014, Jenerale Henry Odillo wakapeleka kwa Jenerale Ignaious Maulana, uyo wakaŵa Mulara wa Miliri. Mu Julayi/ Ogasiti 2016, Jenerale Maulana wakasintha na wachiŵiri wake wakale Griffin Supuni-Phiri. Kusintha kunyake kukacitika mu 2109. [1] Mu Malichi 2020, Jenerale Vincent Nundwe, uyo wakalumbika chifukwa cha umo ŵasilikari ŵakayigwilira ntchito kwa myezi 6 chifukwa cha kuwina kwa Mutharika, wakafumiskika pa udindo ndipo wakasinthika na Major General Andrew Lapken Namathanga, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo. Pakati pajumpha myezi yinkhondi na umoza, Pulezidenti muphya, Lazarus Chakwera, wakawezgerapo Nundwe.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/africa/malawi-president-reinstates-fired-army-commander , 1 September 2020.</ref> Pa 14 November 2018, pa nyengo ya FIB Rotation VI, mulara wa ŵasilikari, sergeant, corporal, na ŵasilikari ŵatatu ŵa MDF ŵakakomeka ku Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaminjolo |date=16 November 2018 |title=6 MDF soldiers killed in DRC |url=https://www.mwnation.com/6-mdf-soldiers-killed-in-drc/ |website=The Nation (Malawi)}} The names are listed at the National War Memorial Tower, Lilongwe.</ref> == Magalimoto ghakwimikana na nkhondo == {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;" |Name ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;" |Origin ! style="text-align:l center! ; background:#aabccc;" |Type ! style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;" |Variant ! style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;" |In service ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;" |Notes |- |[[:en:Eland_armoured_car|Eland]] |[[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]] |[[:en:Armored_car_(military)|Armoured car]] |[[:en:Eland_armoured_car#Eland-90|Eland-90]] |30<ref name="IISS">{{cite book|last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=475|isbn=9781032012278}}</ref> | |- |[[:en:Ferret_armoured_car|Ferret]] |[[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] |[[:en:Armored_car_(military)|Armoured car]] | |8<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:Fox_armoured_reconnaissance_vehicle|FV721 Fox]] |[[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] |[[:en:Armored_car_(military)|Armoured car]] | |20<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:RAM_MK3|RAM MK3]] |[[:en:Israel|Israel]] |[[:en:Armored_car_(military)|Armoured car]] | |8<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:PUMA_M26-15|PUMA M26-15]] |[[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]] |[[:en:MRAP|MRAP]] | |8<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:Marauder_(vehicle)|Marauder]] |[[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]] |[[:en:MRAP|MRAP]] | |9<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:Casspir|Casspir]] |[[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]] |[[:en:MRAP|MRAP]] | |14<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |} == Vipolopolo == {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;" |Zina ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;" |Charu ! style="text-align:l center! ; background:#aabccc;" |Type ! style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;" |Variant ! style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;" |In service ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;" |Notes |- |[[:en:L118_light_gun|L118 light gun]] |[[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] |[[:en:Howitzer|Towed howitzer]] | |9<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:L16_81mm_mortar|L16 81mm mortar]] |[[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] |[[:en:Mortar_(weapon)|Mortar]] |[[:en:L16_81mm_mortar|L16A1]] |82<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |[[:en:ZPU|ZPU]] |[[:en:Soviet_Union|Soviet Union]] |[[:en:Anti-aircraft_warfare|Towed anti-aircraft gun]] |[[:en:ZPU|ZPU-4]] |40<ref name="IISS" /> | |- |} == Air Force == Gulu la nkhondo la Malawi Air Force likakhazikiskika na boma la Germany mu 1976 ndipo likapeleka ndege za Dornier Do 27 na Do 28 mu 1976-1980. Kweniso mu nyengo yeneyiyi, ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo ŵakapokera Alouette III, AS 350 na AS 355 Ecureuil, kweniso ndege zitatu za SA 330 H/L Puma. Mu 1986, ndege yimoza ya BAe 125-800 yikapelekeka. Pakati pa 1986 na 1989, ŵakagura mathirakiti ghanayi gha Dornier 228 gha twin turbo. Mu 1990, ndege ziŵiri za Douglas C-47 izo zikaŵa na ndege za PT6A zikapelekeka kufuma ku United States. === Ndege izo zilipo sono === [[File:2010-10-23_11-13-59_Malawi_-_Chileka.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010-10-23_11-13-59_Malawi_-_Chileka.jpg|thumb|Ndeke ya Doniya ya ku Malawi 228]] {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Aircraft ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Origin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;" |Type ! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;" |Variant ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |In service ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Notes |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |[[:en:Military_transport_aircraft|Transport]] |- |[[:en:Xian_MA600|Xian MA600]] |[[:en:China|China]] |transport | |1<ref name="World Air Forces 2023">{{cite web |last= |first= |year=2023 |title=World Air Forces 2023 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=90688 |url-access=registration |publisher=Flightglobal Insight |doi= |accessdate=24 December 2022}}</ref> | |- |[[:en:Dornier_228|Dornier 228]] |[[:en:Germany|Germany]] |transport | |3<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |[[:en:Helicopters|Helicopters]] |- |[[:en:Eurocopter_AS350|Eurocopter AS350]] |[[:en:France|France]] |light utility | |2<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |- |[[:en:Eurocopter_Fennec|Eurocopter AS355]] |France |utility | |1<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |- |[[:en:Eurocopter_AS532_Cougar|Eurocopter AS532]] |France |transport | |1<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |- |[[:en:Aérospatiale_Gazelle|Aérospatiale Gazelle]] |[[:en:France|France]] |scout / [[:en:Anti-tank_warfare#Helicopter|anti-armor]] |[[:en:Aérospatiale_Gazelle#Variants|SA341]] |2<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |- |[[:en:Aérospatiale_SA_330_Puma|Aérospatiale SA330]] |France |utility | |2<ref name="World Air Forces 2023" /> | |} === Ndege izo zaleka kugwira ntchito === Ndege zakale izo zikaŵikika mu malo ghakusungiramo vinthu panji kufumamo mu uteŵeti ni Basler BT-67, Dornier Do27-A, British Aerospace 125, King Air 90, AS365 Dauphin, na Alouette III.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202518.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721204354/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202518.html |archive-date=21 July 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015 |publisher=flightglobal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Air Forces 2000 pg. 75 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000-1%20-%201983.html l |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307094043/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000-1%20-%201983.html |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=18 May 2015 |publisher=flightglobal.com}}</ref> == Navy == Pakuŵa caru cambura maji, Malawi wali na ŵasilikari ŵacoko comene ŵa nkhondo. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Malaŵi ŵakugwira nchito pa Nyanja ya Malawi pera ndipo ŵali ku Monkey Bay. Gulu la Malawi Navy likapangika kumayambiriro kwa ma 1970, na wovwiri wa boma la Portugal Navy ilo likapeleka chigaŵa cha maboti ghake ku gulu la Nyassa Flotilla lakufuma ku chigaŵa cha Mozambique. Mu vyalo vinyake, maboti gha Malawi Navy ghakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal. Mu 2007, maboti agha ghakaŵa na ŵanthu 220, ndipo ghakaŵa na maboti agha: * Patrol boats ** 1 [[:en:Namacurra-class_harbour_patrol_boat|Namacurra-class harbour patrol boat]] (P 704 ''Kaning'a'', formerly Y 1520), transferred from [[:en:South_African_Navy|South Africa]] in 1988<ref name="wertheim">{{cite book|last=Wertheim|first=Eric|title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|date=2007|pages=452–453|isbn=9781591149552|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C|access-date=18 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706135825/http://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C|archive-date=6 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ** 1 Antares-class patrol boat (P 703 ''Kasungu'', formerly ''Chikala''), out of service since 1993<ref name="wertheim" /> * Service craft ** 1 unknown-type [[:en:Landing_Craft_Mechanized|Landing Craft Mechanized]] (P 702 ''Chikoko I''), date of entry into service unknown<ref name="wertheim" /> ** 12 Buccaneer Inflatables ''Buccaneer Legend''-type [[:en:Rigid-hulled_inflatable_boat|rigid-hulled inflatable]] [[:en:Launch_(boat)|launches]], in service since 1993<ref name="wertheim" /> == Wonaniso == * [[:en:Nyasaland_in_World_War_II|Nyasaland in World War II]] * [[:en:Malawi_Armed_Forces_College_FC|Malawi Armed Forces College FC]] * [[:en:Kamuzu_Barracks_FC|Kamuzu Barracks FC]], Lilongwe == Vyakulemba == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ukaboni == * {{cite web |last=Carver |first=Richard |year=1994 |title=Malawi: Between the Referendum and the Elections |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6be8.html}} (date was 1 May 1994; accessed April 2021) * {{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=William|title=A Complicated War: The Harrowing of Mozambique|url=https://archive.org/details/complicatedwarha00finn|url-access=registration|date=1992|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Los Angeles|isbn=0-520-08266-4}} * ''World Aircraft Information Files.'' Brightstar Publishing, London. File 337 Sheet 02 * ''World Aircraft Information Files.'' Brightstar Publishing, London. File 340 Sheet 05 == Vinandi == * Crosby, Cynthia A. Historical Dictionary of Malaŵi. Vol. 54. Scarecrow Press, 1993. "Army" entry. * Nelson, Harold D., ''Malawi: A Country Study,'' Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Washington DC, 1975. * Tim Lovering, "RACE AND HIERARCHY IN BRITAIN'S COLONIAL ARMY IN NYASALAND (MALAWI), 1891-1964," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. 91, No. 366 (Summer 2013), pp.&nbsp;120–142. * Lieutenant Colonel A.D. Namangale psc, "A Brief History of the Malawi Rifles to Mark the Centenary of the Formation of the King's African Rifles 1902-2002." LMalawi Defence Forces Headquarters. 22 page illus. booklet. 2002. K200. * Jonathan Newell, "An African army under pressure: The politicisation of the Malawi army and ‘Operation Bwezani’, 1992–93, ''[[:en:Small_Wars_and_Insurgencies|Small Wars and Insurgencies]],'' Vol. 6, No. 2, 1995, pp159–182, https://doi.org/10.1080/09592319508423107. * James Njoloma, "The Malaŵi Army : a hundred years today, [Lilongwe?] : J. Njoloma, [1991] (details from [[:en:WorldCat|WorldCat]]) * Hartone L. Phiri, "The Rebellion of Enlisted Personnel and Democratisation in Malawi" [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416204854/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a556650.pdf] Naval Postgraduate School, 2011 * {{cite book|author=Martin Rupiya|chapter=The odd man out: A history of the Malawi army since July 1964|url=http://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/EVOLUTCHAP5.PDF|title=Evolutions and revolutions: A contemporary history of militaries in Southern Africa|publisher=[[Institute for Security Studies]]|date=2005}} * Tim Stapleton. "'Bad Boys': Infiltration and Sedition in the African Military Units of the Central African Federation (Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe) 1953-163." The Journal of Military History 73, no.4 (2009): 1167–1193. ''Also relevant:'' * Brig. Gen. Marcel R.D. Chirwa, ''Malawi Security Sector Reform: A Return to Regular Order,'' Centre for Peace and Security Management, Lilongwe, Malawi, undated * Brig. Gen. Marcel R.D. Chirwa, ''Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa: The Contested Name and Boundary between Landlocked Malawi and Tanzania,'' Centre for Peace and Security Management, Lilongwe, Malawi, August 2020 == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091005020907/http://www.malawi.gov.mw/Defence/Home%20Defence.htm Official website of the Ministry of Defence of Malawi] {{Malawi topics}}{{Military of Africa}} 2yle4e8rd4pfixesedmsdvt24usm2e3 0 41835 123032 116048 2026-10-07T13:31:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chasefu''' ni [[chigaŵa chavisankho]] cha [[National Assembly ya Zambia|National Assembly]] ya [[Zambia]]. Likupharazga mu msumba ya [[Chasefu, Chasefu|Chasefu]] mu [[Boma la Chasefu]] ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi. <ref>[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/960 Chasefu] National Assembly of Zambia</ref> == Mndandanda wa Malungu == '''Chasefu''' ni [[chigaŵa chavisankho]] cha [[National Assembly ya Zambia|National Assembly]] ya [[Zambia]]. Likupharazga mu msumba ya [[Chasefu, Chasefu|Chasefu]] mu [[Boma la Chasefu]] ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi. {| class="wikitable" !Chaka cha chisankho !Maluga !Chipani |- |[[Zambian general election, 1973|1973]] |[[Haswell Mwale]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 1978|1978]] |[[Sandress Zimba]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 1983|1983]] |[[Raston Chirwa]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[1985 Chasefu by-election|1985 (maungano gha pa ungano)]] |[[Charles Nyirenda]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 1988|1988]] |[[Stanley Phiri]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 1991|1991]] |[[Stanley Phiri]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[1993 Chadiza by-election|1993 (maungano gha pa nyengo ya maungano)]] |[[Rhodwell Nyirenda]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 1996|1996]] |[[Dorothy Tembo]] |[[Movement for Multi-Party Democracy|Gulu la Chiwembu Chinyake]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 2001|2001]] |[[Yotam Banda]] |[[United National Independence Party|Wupu wa United National Independence Party]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 2006|2006]] |[[Chifumu Banda]] |[[United Democratic Alliance (Zambia)|United Democratic Alliance]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 2011|2011 (Chigaŵa cha Charu Chose)]] |[[Chifumu Banda]] |[[Forum for Democracy and Development]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 2016|2016]] |[[Gerald Zimba]] |[[Patriotic Front (Zambia)|Ŵapapi Ŵakupeleka Vinthu]] |- |[[Zambian general election, 2021|Vyakusambira vya mu Baibolo]] |[[Misheck Nyambose|M'bale Nyambose]] |Wambura Kuŵa na Thupi |} == Ukaboni == {{reflist}} [[Category:Zambia]] tljnm3lt49s0poeeiscgqdfdinanwby 0 46768 123029 112054 2026-10-07T13:27:33Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 123029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American and Filipino actress (born 1998)}} {{Infobox person | name = Liza Soberano | image = Liza Soberano 2016.jpg | alt = An image of Soberano speaking to a reporter off-screen during a interview | caption = Soberano in 2016 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|01|04|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Santa Clara, California]], U.S. | birth_name = Hope Elizabeth Soberano<!-- NOTE: Soberano was born an American citizen and does not use her mother's maiden surname, hence her middle name is Elizabeth--> | nationality = {{hlist|Filipino|American}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}} | yearsactive = 2011–present | works = [[List of roles and awards of Liza Soberano|Roles and awards]] }} '''Hope Elizabeth Soberano''' (wakubabika pa Januwale 4, 1998) ni munthu wa ku [[United States of America|America]] na wa ku [[Philippines]]. Wakamanyikwanga kuti wakaseŵeranga ŵanthu ŵakovwira mu mafilimu ghakusekeska na maseŵero apo wakaŵa muwukirano, ndipo kufuma nyengo iyi wakasazgirako ivyo wakachitanga ndipo wakamba kulongozga mu mafilimu na pa televishoni. Wapokera mphoto zinandi, nga ni mphoto ya FAMAS, mphoto ya Star, na mphoto 6 za vyakusanguluska vya Box Office. Magazini ya Tatler yikamuthya kuti ni yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene ku [[Asia]] mu 2022 na 2023. Soberano wakababikira ku Santa Clara, [[California]], ndipo wakasamira ku msumba wa Quezon ndipo wakamba nchito yake ya kuwoneska apo wakaŵa na vilimika 13. Wakachita nyengo yake yakwamba pa televison mu mndandanda wa vithuzithuzi vyakuwoneka vya Wansapanataym (2011), pambere wandafike mu nyengo yachiŵiri ya mndandanda wa maseŵero ghakuchemeka Got to Believe (2014). Wakamanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha kulongora mulimi wa munda wa vipambi mu maseŵero gha chitemwa gha Forevermore (2014), agho ghakaŵa ghakwamba pa maseŵero ghanandi agho wakakolerana na wakuchita maseŵero Enrique Gil. Soberano wakasanga chipambano cha malonda mu mafilimu ghanandi gha chitemwa, kusazgapo My Ex na Whys (2017), iyo wakapokera mphoto ya vyakusanguluska vya Box Office ya Box Office Queen. Kuyezga kutaya chithunzithunzi chake nga ni banja la pa skrini na Gil, wakapenja maudindo mu mitundu yinyake ndipo wakawoneka mu mndandanda wa vithuzithuzi Trese (2021). Mu 2022, wakawelera ku California kukasambira ntchito ya kuchita maseŵero ku Hollywood ndipo kufuma nyengo iyi wakachitako maseŵero ghakusekeska ghakofya ghakuchemeka Lisa Frankenstein (2024). Soberano walongosoreka na mabuku ghakupharazga kuti wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵaseŵera ŵakutowa comene ŵa ku Philippines ŵa mu m’badwo wake. Wakuyowoya chomene vya kulinganizgika kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi, wanangwa wa ŵanakazi, na umoyo wa maghanoghano ..<ref name="beautiful">{{cite news|last1=Dy-Zulueta|first1=Dolly|title=Liza Soberano graces cover of Singaporean magazine|url=https://qa.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/06/24/2276004/liza-soberano-graces-cover-singaporean-magazine|access-date=April 27, 2024|work=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=June 24, 2023|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427174534/https://qa.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/06/24/2276004/liza-soberano-graces-cover-singaporean-magazine|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|title=Watch Liza Soberano, one of the most beautiful faces in the world|url=https://gulfnews.com/photos/entertainment/watch-liza-soberano-one-of-the-most-beautiful-faces-in-the-world-1.1572525923884?slide=3|access-date=April 27, 2024|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=October 31, 2019|archive-date=April 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430162918/https://prebid-server.rubiconproject.com/setuid?bidder=amx&uid=05d23c23-cf0b-4c90-9758-fa200c2313df&do=gulfnews.com|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|title=Liza Soberano is not just a pretty face|url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/style/liza-soberano-not-just-pretty-082000133.html|access-date=April 27, 2024|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=February 13, 2017|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427171527/https://nz.news.yahoo.com/style/liza-soberano-not-just-pretty-082000133.html|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|last1=D'asis Pamaran|first1=Maan|title=Liza Soberano makes it to the hall of fame in 'World's Most Beautiful' list|url=https://www.cosmo.ph/entertainment/liza-soberano-makes-it-to-the-hall-of-fame-in-world-s-most-beautiful-list-a1069-20181229|access-date=April 27, 2023|work=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan Philippines]]|date=December 29, 2018|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427174539/https://www.cosmo.ph/entertainment/liza-soberano-makes-it-to-the-hall-of-fame-in-world-s-most-beautiful-list-a1069-20181229|url-status=live}}</ref> == Umoyo wake wakale na umo wakakulira == Hope Elizabeth Soberano wakababika pa Januwale 4, 1998, ku Santa Clara, California. Ndiyo mwana yekha wa John Castillo Soberano na Jacqulyn Elizabeth Hanley. Adada ŵake mba ku Philippines ndipo mba ku Pangasinan, apo anyina mba ku America awo ŵakufuma ku San Jose, California.<ref name="LS Bio1">{{cite news |title=Liza Soberano: More than just a pretty face |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/154109/liza-soberano-a4437-20200930-lfrm2 |access-date=March 27, 2024 |work=[[Philippine Entertainment Portal]] |date=September 30, 2020 |archive-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326000207/https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/154109/liza-soberano-a4437-20200930-lfrm2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LS Father">{{cite news |title=Liza Soberano thanks father John Castillo Soberano for being 'amazing' |url=https://push.abs-cbn.com/2020/6/22/fresh-scoops/liza-soberano-thanks-father-john-castillo-soberano-29488 |access-date=March 27, 2024 |publisher=[[News.ABS-CBN.com]] |date=June 22, 2020 |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327195620/https://push.abs-cbn.com/2020/6/22/fresh-scoops/liza-soberano-thanks-father-john-castillo-soberano-29488 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LS GP">{{cite news|title=Kapamilya celebrities and their amazing grandparents|url=https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-photos/kapamilya-celebrities-and-their-amazing-grandparents-15751|access-date=March 27, 2024|publisher=[[News.ABS-CBN.com]]|date=May 19, 2022|archive-date=March 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327201125/https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-photos/kapamilya-celebrities-and-their-amazing-grandparents-15751|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ukaboni == {{reflist|30em}} ==Malinki== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|4715046}} * {{Twitter|id=lizasoberano}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soberano, Liza}} [[Category:1998 kubabika]] [ ohzsij4t1j9ylrk6471eg6zmawmgxt4 0 46896 123030 112733 2026-10-07T13:28:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 123030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Charles Clark''' (28 Epulero 1914 – 12 Juni 2000) wakaŵa nkhwantha ya vyamoyo, nkhwantha ya viyowoyero, na msambizgi wa ku Britain uyo wakamanyikwanga chomene chifukwa cha mulimo wake pakupanga na kukhozgera [[Glosa]], chiyowoyero chakovwira cha pa charu chose chapasi icho chikafuma ku [[Interglossa]], icho chikapangika pakwamba na [[Lancelot Hogben]]. Clark’s pamanyuma pake mgwirizano na [[Wendy Ashby]] <ref name="GEO">Glosa Education Organisation (GEO) (2006). History behind Glosa. (pdf) [http://www.glosa.org/en/history.pdf], p. 7.</ref> ukaŵa wakuzirwa chomene pakusintha Glosa kuŵa chida chakugwira ntchito na chakusangika cha kuyowoyeskana na masambiro gha pa charu chose. == Mbiri ya umoyo == === Umoyo wakwamba na masambiro === Ronald Clark wakababikira ku St. Adada ŵake, awo ŵakaŵa injiniya pamoza na Marconi, ŵakafwa ku [[France]] mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose apo ŵakateŵeteranga pa wayilesi, ndipo Ron wakalereka waka na anyina awo ŵakatemwanga mtende, ndipo ŵakatoraso yayi. Pakukulira ku Hampstead, Clark wakasambira chomene ndipo wakamba kutemwa chomene sumu za classical na jazz kufuma waka apo wakaŵa mwana. Wakasambira ku sukulu ya Marylebone Grammar ndipo pamanyuma wakapokera ndalama zakusambira ku yunivesite ya London. Wakasambiranga chomene masamu, vyamoyo, munkhwala, na [[sayansi]], ndipo wakasambirangaso Chirasha, Chijeremani, na Chifurenchi kuti wawovwire ŵanthu kuyowoyeskana para ŵali paulendo. === Sayansi na ivyo munthu wakutemwa === Clark wakatemwanga chomene vyamoyo ndipo wakatemwanga chomene kumanya vya mycology na vyamoyo vya mu maji ghawemi. Wakapatura nyengo yake yinandi kusambira vya bowa, [[vinyama]] vichokovichoko, na vyamoyo vya mu maji ku mizi ya ku England, kanandi wakagwiliskiranga ntchito vinthu vichokovichoko na vithuzithuzi kuti walembe ivyo wakasanga. Wakamba kutemwaso kupanga vinyo na kupanga moŵa ku nyumba nga ni vyakutemwa vya sayansi na vyakuphika. Pamanyuma Ron na anyina ŵakasamira ku mizi ku Shaftesbury, Wiltshire, uko ŵakaŵa na munda uchoko uwo ukaŵa na ng’ombe za mkaka, nkhuku, na njuchi. Ŵakalutanga ku France nyengo zose, comenecomene ku Côte d’Azur, ndipo ŵakaŵa paubwezi unandi na ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. == Kunjilirapo pa kupanga chiyowoyero chakupangika == === Kusangika kwa Interglossa === Mu vilimika vya kumanyuma vya m’ma 1960, Clark wakasanga buku ilo likalembeka mu nyuzipepara ya The Daily Telegraph ilo likalembeka mu buku la Lancelot Hogben lakuti Interglossa: Pakuti wakakondwa comene na fundo yakuti paŵe ciyowoyero cakupulikikwa, cakovwira pa caru cose, Clark wakasanga buku ili ndipo mwaluŵiro wakalemberana makalata na Hogben mwaluŵiro. Nangauli umoyo wa Hogben ukapangiska kuti ŵaleke kukolerana chomene, kweni wakachiska Clark kuti wasinthe na kusazgirako chiyowoyero ichi. === Kupanga Glosa === Clark wakatora suzgo la kulutilira na mulimo wa Hogben, ndipo paumaliro wakathya mtundu wa mazuŵa ghano kuti Glosa. Pakwamba wakagwiranga nchito yekha ndipo pamanyuma wakagwiranga nchito na Wendy Ashby uyo wakakolerananga nayo, wakapangiska kuti galamala yiŵe yipusu, wakasazgirako mazgu, ndipo wakapanga vinthu vinandi vyakusambizga kuti ŵawovwire awo ŵakusambira ciyowoyero. Mu 1980s, Clark wakambiska pamoza na Ashby bungwe la masambiro la Glosa (GEO), na chilato chakuti ŵakhozgere Glosa pa charu chose. Ŵakasindikizga mabuku ghakusambizgira, madikishonale, na makalata ghakupharazga nkhani, ndipo ŵakachitanga maungano gha ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa chawo nyengo zose na masambiro gha viyowoyero ku UK, kusazgapo ku Mudeford, Hampstead, na Richmond upon Thames. === Kukolerana na Wendy Ashby === Wendy Ashby wakazgoka munthu wakukhumbikwa chomene pa mulimo wa kukhozgera na kupanga Glosa. Pamoza, ŵakalemba mabuku ghanandi, kusazgapo "Glosa 6000", na "Glosa Dictionary", agho ghakalongosora mazgu gha chiyowoyero na kapangikiro kake mu nthowa yakusangika. Ashby wakawovwiraso chomene pakukhazikiska wupu wa masambiro wa Glosa na kupanga mabuku ghakupharazgira ŵanthu, kusazgapo nyuzipepara ya Glosa iyo yikalembeka kwa nyengo yitali yakuchemeka PGN. == Umoyo wa pamanyuma na chiharo == Mu vyaka vyake vyakumasinda, Clark wakalutilira kusambizga na kukhozgera Glosa, wakaluta kutali chomene ku Italy na kulutilira kuyowoyeskana na ŵanthu ŵa pa charu chose awo ŵakakhozgeranga Glosa ku France, Uganda, na Netherlands. Wakalutilira kuŵa wanzeru ndipo wakajipeleka comene kupharazga ŵanthu, kusambira vyakumera, na kuluta ku nyumba zakusungiramo vinthu vyakale m’paka apo wakafwira. Clark wakafwa pa 12 June 2000 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 86. Chiharo chake chikukhalapo chifukwa cha kulutilira kugwiliskira ntchito na kupanga Glosa, chomenechomene chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwa Wendy Ashby na ŵanyake awo ŵakulimbikira chiyowoyero. == Mazgu ghakulongosora == <references/> == Ntchito == * Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: ''Glosa 6000: 6000 Greek and Latin words and roots which occur in the Euro-languages and international scientific terminology.'' London: 1983 (48 p.) * Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: ''Glosa 1000.'' Richmond: Glosa, 1984<ref name="GEO"/> * Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: ''Basic dictionary of the international language Glosa.'' Richmond [Surrey]: Glosa, 1987 (44 p.) <ref>[http://www.glosa.org/gid/gidhist.htm History of the GID (The Glosa Internet Dictionary/ Glosa Inter-reti Diktionaria)].</ref> * Ashby, Wendy: ''18 steps to fluency in Euro-Glosa.'' Glosa, 1989 (2nde edition) * Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: ''Introducing Euro-Glosa.'' Richmond: Glosa, 1990 (36 p.) == Wonaniso == * [[Glosa]] * [[Interglossa]] * [[Chiyowoyero chakupangika]] * [[Lancelot Hogben]] * [[Mathilde Ter Heijne]] [[Category:Glosa]] q11kat52rwclohg2n5gv32lzj2qped4 0 47309 123064 115803 2026-10-07T14:20:56Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47310 123074 115818 2026-10-07T21:39:59Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Chigaŵa cha Tete|chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] alyvnfg4x6n6n4ciehyaj135qj4wt8f 0 47312 123068 115811 2026-10-07T21:38:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Chigaŵa cha Tete|chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] alyvnfg4x6n6n4ciehyaj135qj4wt8f 0 47313 123069 115812 2026-10-07T21:38:59Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Chigaŵa cha Tete|chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] alyvnfg4x6n6n4ciehyaj135qj4wt8f 0 47314 123070 115813 2026-10-07T21:39:12Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Chigaŵa cha Tete|chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] alyvnfg4x6n6n4ciehyaj135qj4wt8f 0 47315 123075 115819 2026-10-07T21:40:11Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Chigaŵa cha Tete|chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] alyvnfg4x6n6n4ciehyaj135qj4wt8f 0 47316 123067 115807 2026-10-07T21:38:37Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47318 123038 115809 2026-10-07T14:08:03Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Gaza]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] rr19feupaiite0ihqoq1zdiylnzw9g5 0 47320 123034 115896 2026-10-07T14:06:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Cabo Delgado]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] j8zo8brekdlp8cwfcddla4ryo311mh2 0 47321 123080 115810 2026-10-07T21:49:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Cabo Delgado]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] faurrqd0g988n0wh3bur9bd96v7qeaz 0 47322 123062 115804 2026-10-07T14:19:44Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47323 123071 115814 2026-10-07T21:39:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47324 123072 115815 2026-10-07T21:39:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47325 123036 115816 2026-10-07T14:07:33Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47326 123037 115817 2026-10-07T14:07:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 45l9wb38mtjckq3dwi19rlgcwx1do7e 0 47328 123061 115822 2026-10-07T14:19:28Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Gaza]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] rr19feupaiite0ihqoq1zdiylnzw9g5 0 47330 123047 115827 2026-10-07T14:14:16Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Gaza]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 9vdyieov0k8y0mjuqsrbev102aqw7wg 0 47331 123076 115828 2026-10-07T21:40:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Gaza]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 9vdyieov0k8y0mjuqsrbev102aqw7wg 0 47332 123035 115831 2026-10-07T14:07:12Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Cabo Delgado]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] j8zo8brekdlp8cwfcddla4ryo311mh2 0 47333 123105 115832 2026-10-08T04:50:57Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Western Australia]] mu charu cha [[Australia]]. [[Category:Australia]] cbtnj1suswbfgtvlkvz7y5gd0859m93 0 47335 123106 115834 2026-10-08T04:51:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Western Australia]] mu charu cha [[Australia]]. [[Category:Australia]] cbtnj1suswbfgtvlkvz7y5gd0859m93 0 47336 123104 115835 2026-10-08T04:50:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Western Australia]] mu charu cha [[Australia]]. [[Category:Australia]] cbtnj1suswbfgtvlkvz7y5gd0859m93 0 47337 123103 115836 2026-10-08T04:50:24Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Western Australia]] mu charu cha [[Australia]]. [[Category:Australia]] cbtnj1suswbfgtvlkvz7y5gd0859m93 0 47346 123045 120761 2026-10-07T14:10:41Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Tete_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Tete''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]], iyo ili kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Lili na malo ghakukwana 98,417 km² ndipo ŵanthu ŵake ŵakukwana 2,648,941 (chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu cha 2017).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.mz/Ingles/o_pais/populacao_total_prov |title=Total Population By Provinces - 2017 |access-date= |work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Mozambique)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]] |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref> Msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa ichi ni [[Mzinda wa Tete]]. ==Maboma== *[[Boma la Angónia]] *[[Boma la Cahora-Bassa]] *[[Boma la Changara]] *[[Boma la Chifunde]] *[[Boma la Chiuta]] *[[Boma la Dôa]] *[[Boma la Macanga]] *[[Boma la Magoé]] *[[Boma la Marávia]] *[[Boma la Marara]] *[[Boma la Moatize]] *[[Boma la Mutarara]] *[[Boma la Tsangano]] *[[Boma la Zumbo]] *[[Msumba wa Tete]], msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa ichi ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] sdiuv9t1rv53xz62kkp2aa1rr7f2u2g 0 47347 123040 115866 2026-10-07T14:08:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Cabo Delgado_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Cabo Delgado''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakumu charu chana 82,625 km² (31,902 mi²) ndipo lili na ŵanthu 2,320,261 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] tizncnsdj7cojevmlyvgxspusky9q47 123044 123040 2026-10-07T14:10:16Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Cabo Delgado_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Cabo Delgado''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 82,625 km² (31,902 mi²) ndipo lili na ŵanthu 2,320,261 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] hst9g8u3jcpcylz60r34wapuy2vtsht 0 47348 123041 115869 2026-10-07T14:09:03Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Gaza_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Gaza''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakumu charu chana 75,709 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,422,460 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 4bf1ztn14hawr5hctu6uf0pqfadl3hm 123043 123041 2026-10-07T14:09:53Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Gaza_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Gaza''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 75,709 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,422,460 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 17mglux7mr4nhjpcl0h4d6qs543qlfc 0 47349 123055 115868 2026-10-07T14:17:15Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Nampula_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Nampula''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 79,010 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 5,758,920 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] rp9w8zzc2ykoupbbu8r5zsf51xw4tjb 0 47350 123042 115867 2026-10-07T14:09:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Inhambane_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Inhambane''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 68,615 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,488,676 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 3p4dqj4jvagbtwney9v5hx9beqyvyea 0 47351 123057 115870 2026-10-07T14:17:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Niassa_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Niassa''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 129,056 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,810,794 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] s5s80xvr22c9scj5b3ujngzrfxp4s1h 0 47352 123046 115873 2026-10-07T14:10:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Zambezia_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Zambezia''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 103,478 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 5,110,787 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] p6c7k0d755afp8dprf8w67ychmiaxea 0 47353 123054 115864 2026-10-07T14:16:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Maputo_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Maputo''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 22,693 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,968,906 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] ic40n87whl7jaazq2483woip5hpieeq 0 47354 123056 115871 2026-10-07T14:17:32Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Sofala_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Sofala''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 68,018 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 2,221,803 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] mivrb975lqkqxi2lyverwdub2gba2sp 0 47355 123053 115865 2026-10-07T14:16:40Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} [[File:Manica_Province_in_Mozambique_2018.svg|right|245px]] '''Manica''' ni chigaŵa mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na malo ghakukwana 61,661 km² ndipo lili na ŵanthu 1,911,237 (2017).{{citation needed}} {{Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 2z1dxy95lul6cq0z9lpajp8140o74jr 0 47357 123051 116027 2026-10-07T14:15:33Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''Marka''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Kummwela]] mu charu cha [[Malaŵi]]. Lili pafupi na muzi wa [[Vila Nova de Fronteira]] ku [[Mozambique]]. [[Category:Malaŵi]] pollveurjg1zhn84axktj8g9srcm817 0 47358 123050 115876 2026-10-07T14:15:22Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili pafupi na muzi wa [[Marka (Malaŵi)|Marka]] ku [[Malaŵi]]. [[Category:Mozambique]] bxzkm40jdpptrmrdlk92rilqe1r1i91 0 47359 123077 115877 2026-10-07T21:48:21Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. [[Category:Mozambique]] n1awededfnyvt2ttkaa0aiao5dou5wh 0 47360 123078 115879 2026-10-07T21:48:37Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''Songo''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. [[Category:Mozambique]] 2tkl4pp1f6iiyqzlw355dfhz1s576lp 0 47362 123073 115887 2026-10-07T21:39:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Tete]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] lpzh7ctp1urneqm1xu6hon59nfr9nwl 0 47363 123039 115911 2026-10-07T14:08:21Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Cabo Delgado]] kumanjiliro gha dazi mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] faurrqd0g988n0wh3bur9bd96v7qeaz 0 47365 123060 115916 2026-10-07T14:19:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Cabo Delgado]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] j8zo8brekdlp8cwfcddla4ryo311mh2 0 47372 123049 115920 2026-10-07T14:14:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''Nkhoska cha Mozambique''' panji '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[nkhoska]] cha [[chigaŵa cha Nampula]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Lili na ŵanthu ŵakukhalilira pafupifupi ŵanthu 14,000 ndipo likuteŵetereka na pafupi [[Chiŵanja cha Ndege cha Lumbo]] pa chikuru cha Nampula. Zina la charu ichi likafuma ku zina la nkhoska ichi.{{citation needed}} [[Category:Mozambique]] [[Category:Nkhoska]] h9qwe7owatrbh83nfhy32f4m0dbr2b5 0 47373 123048 115917 2026-10-07T14:14:34Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Nampula]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. Likusazgapo [[Chilumba cha Mozambique|Nkhoska cha Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 4t1dka1vtydvkmja49orrioas5yiutn 0 47375 123063 115921 2026-10-07T14:20:08Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Inhambane]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 64e36ovrycea8a6l8mgxe2lbx1x2h36 0 47376 123059 115924 2026-10-07T14:18:59Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Maputo]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] rqgear42bjvkaorres6ehrdixli4xz4 0 47377 123058 115926 2026-10-07T14:18:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[chigaŵa cha Zambezia]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]]. {{Districts of Mozambique}} [[Category:Mozambique]] 55ugepkajf0chti22ucqabq8elpp2ej 0 47432 123079 116022 2026-10-07T21:48:53Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Zambezia]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]].<ref>http://www.maplandia.com/mozambique/zambezia/namacurra/macuse/</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Mozambique]] mjbtkrjedbcp02xq5r6aecktrl3r7kk 0 47433 123081 116025 2026-10-07T21:49:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{Databox}} '''Praia do {{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Gaza]] mu charu cha [[Mozambique]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=zrv4RUwCfEUC&dq=Angoche&pg=PA137</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Mozambique]] e4jaobm5pqfygsko6bnsim3wxhnc597 0 47458 123111 116085 2026-10-08T04:52:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba mu [[chigaŵa cha Tuamasaga]], [[Upolu]], [[Samoa]]. Lili na ŵanthu 7,972 (2016).<ref>https://www.sbs.gov.ws/digi/1-Preliminary%20count%20report%202016.V2.pdf</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Samoa]] 81v3wvvmub4mx9hex4cdodfhatvq2e8 0 47459 123110 116086 2026-10-08T04:52:25Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Tuamasaga]], [[Upolu]], [[Samoa]]. Lili na ŵanthu 2,612 (2016).<ref>https://www.sbs.gov.ws/digi/1-Preliminary%20count%20report%202016.V2.pdf</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Samoa]] kjiyik58hugzyu21bexp0qr1he5a6hr 0 47461 123109 116089 2026-10-08T04:52:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Tuamasaga]], [[Upolu]], [[Samoa]]. Lili na ŵanthu 906 (2021).<ref>https://www.sbs.gov.ws/images/sbs-documents/Population_and_Demography/2022/FinalPrelim_V3Final_final.pdf</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Samoa]] 907q7siyah3ggb03wxgu8yga67rl35x 0 47462 123112 116090 2026-10-08T04:52:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[chigaŵa cha Fa'asaleleaga]], [[Savai'i]], [[Samoa]]. [[Category:Samoa]] jzrot8w7v4ju0ay9l9xdjx6mhw5g9s3 0 47482 123107 116121 2026-10-08T04:51:27Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[nkhoska]] mu charu cha [[Samoa]]. Lili na ŵanthu 143,418 (2011). [[Category:Samoa]] iems673rentjet5468np7wt0diw6mvt 0 47483 123108 116122 2026-10-08T04:51:49Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Savaiʻi''' ni [[nkhoska]] mu charu cha [[Samoa]]. Lili na ŵanthu 43,958 (2016).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110101200714/http://www.sbs.gov.ws/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=xZE7Ip3423g%3D&tabid=3615&language=en-US</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Samoa]] rgypm9nuh4a2ipc4t1awazg11ndwifr 0 47485 123102 116124 2026-10-08T04:50:07Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni boma cha [[Western Australia]] mu charu cha [[Australia]]. [[Category:Australia]] dlqhg6xhnu3aakuxsgh3nh1z6svtgno 0 47593 123098 116354 2026-10-08T01:57:42Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Unterland]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. [[Category:Liechtenstein]] 4hyp9pargt73iz02187eznhzag6ajgb 0 47595 123095 116356 2026-10-08T01:56:32Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Unterland]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. [[Category:Liechtenstein]] 4hyp9pargt73iz02187eznhzag6ajgb 0 47597 123097 116358 2026-10-08T01:57:01Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni msumba cha [[chigaŵa cha Dakhlet Nouadhibou]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.{{citation needed}} {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] i5x3gwe1azn34v9qnufym4v2cx2fj7o 0 47598 123094 116359 2026-10-08T01:56:10Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Hodh Ech Chargui]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] 5b6d3s0ybz10yabav7033xo23ejwnub 0 47599 123093 116360 2026-10-08T01:55:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Hodh Ech Chargui]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] 5b6d3s0ybz10yabav7033xo23ejwnub 0 47600 123092 116361 2026-10-08T01:55:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Hodh Ech Chargui]] mu charu cha [[Mauritania]]. Lili na ŵanthu 20,327 (2013). {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] n7vfkztqxd3mhwitxtdyymd8qppsvhg 0 47601 123091 116362 2026-10-08T01:55:30Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Tiris Zemmour]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] 301gp2u9aawcn8rwec1woaibkk61soq 0 47602 123090 116364 2026-10-08T01:55:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Inal''' ni muzi mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. Pa usiku wa pa Novembala 27, 1990, ŵasilikari ŵafipa 28 awo ŵakakakika mu masabata ghajumphapo ŵakati ŵakasuzgika, kukhomeka na kusunga mu "manda gha ŵanthu ŵanandi" ku Inal, pakukondwelera zuŵa la wanangwa wa mtundu.<ref>https://fr.globalvoices.org/2018/12/04/230876/</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] mrhqw57y11y8it8zp7slswk2dbsnns3 0 47603 123089 116365 2026-10-08T01:54:54Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Trarza]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. Lili na ŵanthu 8,440 (2000).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120222052723/http://www.mauritania.mr/ain/RGPH-2000-Trarza.htm</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] t55iv6471xtohudzwzns4yxim8vo9v0 0 47604 123088 116366 2026-10-08T01:54:42Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Trarza]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071112175853/http://www.mauritania.mr/commune/fr/fiche_commune_fr.asp?ID=212</ref> Lili na ŵanthu 6,408 (2000).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100203214911/http://www.mauritania.mr/ain/RGPH-2000-Trarza.htm</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} {{Mauritania}} [[Category:Mauritania]] 4glrsp99n65re29s1ryw9gop7osy09s 0 47615 123082 116411 2026-10-07T21:49:43Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi mu [[Sakha Republic]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. Lili na ŵanthu 2,317 (2010).<ref>http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Russia]] lpe85ed1ywliiep125dfhd65cbdl8ya 0 47617 123083 116413 2026-10-07T22:09:25Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[Sakha Republic]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}. Lili na ŵanthu 5,063 (2010).<ref>http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm</ref> ==Vilembo vifupi== {{reflist}} [[Category:Russia]] 1hvrgccmugsf2ba3dmzlykeljier18g 0 48417 123096 118534 2026-10-08T01:56:48Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni muzi cha [[chigaŵa cha Unterland]] mu charu cha {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P17}}.<ref>https://geonames.org</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Liechtenstein]] tmn0c7i3pmw9yyt8cw7qjfwtyc8gn0c 10 49900 123065 2026-10-07T14:29:51Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "<includeonly>__NOTOC__ <!----------- Header bar ------------> {{#if:{{{former|}}}| {{Former staff}} }}{{#if:{{{header|}}}|{{{header}}}|<div style="width:calc((100% - {{{image_width|300px}}})/2); float:left;height:4px; background:{{{c1|#990000}}};color:inherit;"></div> <div style="width:calc((100% - {{{image_width|300px}}})/2); float:left;height:4px; background:{{{c2|#339966}}};color:inherit;"></div> <div style="width:{{{image_width|300px}}}; float:left;height:4px; bac..." 123065 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>__NOTOC__ <!----------- Header bar ------------> {{#if:{{{former|}}}| {{Former staff}} }}{{#if:{{{header|}}}|{{{header}}}|<div style="width:calc((100% - {{{image_width|300px}}})/2); float:left;height:4px; background:{{{c1|#990000}}};color:inherit;"></div> <div style="width:calc((100% - {{{image_width|300px}}})/2); float:left;height:4px; background:{{{c2|#339966}}};color:inherit;"></div> <div style="width:{{{image_width|300px}}}; float:left;height:4px; background:{{{c3|#A7D7F9}}};color:inherit;"></div>}} <!----------- TOP SECTION Image ------------> <div style="padding-top: 16px; "> {{#ifeq:{{{image|{{{image name|}}}}}}|blank||{{#if:{{{image|{{{image name|}}}}}}| [[File:{{{image|{{{image name}}}}}}|alt={{{full name}}}|{{{image_width|300px}}}|right|{{#if:{{{hover text|}}}|{{{hover text|}}}|{{{full name}}}, {{{job title}}}}}]]}}}} </div> <!----------- Name ------------> <div class="user-info" style="padding-top: 14px; font-size: 270%; font-family:sans-serif;">{{{full name|}}}</div> <!----------- Job ------------> <div class="user-info" style="font-size: 180%; padding-top: 16px; font-family:sans-serif; line-height:30px;"> {{{job title|}}}{{#if:{{{organization|{{{company|}}}}}}|, {{{organization|{{{company}}}}}}}}</div> <!----------- Quote ------------> <div class="user-info" style="padding-top: 16px; color: var(--color-placeholder, #72777d); font-family:sans-serif;"> {{{short quote|}}}</div> <!----------- LOWER SECTION About me ------------> {{clear}} {{col-begin|width=100%}} {{col-break}} {{col-begin|width=100%}} {{col-break|width=50%}} <h2 class="user-info" style="font-family:sans-serif; border-bottom:0;"> {{{about|About me}}}</h2> <div style="padding-right:10px;">{{{about me|}}}</div> <!----------- My work ------------> {{col-break|width=50%}} <h2 class="user-info" style="font-family:sans-serif; border-bottom:0;"> {{{work|My work}}}</h2> <div style="padding-right:10px;">{{{about my work|}}}</div> <!----------- Disclaimer ------------> {{#if:{{{disclaimer|}}} |<div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: smaller; margin: 1em 0;">'''Disclaimer:''' {{{disclaimer}}}</div> |{{#ifeq:{{{organization|}}}|Wikimedia Foundation|<div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: smaller; margin: 1em 0;">'''Disclaimer:''' I work for or provide services to the Wikimedia Foundation, and this is the account I try to use for edits or statements I make in that role. However, the Foundation does not vet all my activity, and edits, statements, or other contributions made by this account may not reflect the views of the Foundation.</div>}}}} <!----------- Contact ------------> {{col-end}} {{col-break|width={{{contact_width|{{{image_width|300px}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{contact me|}}}|<div style="padding-top:1px; padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; padding-bottom:15px; vertical-align:top; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <h2 class="user-info" style="font-family:sans-serif; border-bottom:0;"> {{{contact|Contact}}}</h2>{{{contact me|}}}</div>}} {{col-end}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> 0e5sowp6jijdictorf85bayx8j97j0y 123066 123065 2026-10-07T14:34:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Experimental 123066 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;"></div> __NOTOC__ {| style="width:100%; margin:auto; border-collapse:collapse; margin-bottom:10px;" | style="padding:10px; vertical-align:top; width:75%;" | <div style="line-height:.7em; font-size: 270%; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif;">{{{full name}}}</div> <div style="font-size: 180%; padding-top: 16px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height:30px;">{{{job title}}}{{#if:{{{organization|{{{company|}}}}}}|, {{{organization|{{{company|}}}}}}}}</div> <div style="padding-top: 16px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif;">{{{short quote}}}</div> | style="padding:10px 0; vertical-align:top; width:25%; text-align:center;" | [[File:{{#if:{{{image name|}}}|{{{image name}}}|How Wikipedia Works.jpg}}|250px|{{{hover text|}}}]] |} {| style="width:100%; margin:auto; border-collapse:collapse;" | style="padding:15px; vertical-align:top; width:37%;" | <h2 style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; border-bottom:0;">About me</h2> {{{about me}}} | style="padding:15px; vertical-align:top; width:37%;" | <h2 style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; border-bottom:0;">My work</h2> {{{about my work}}}{{#if:{{{disclaimer|}}}|<div style="color: #555; font-size: smaller; margin: 1em 0;">'''Disclaimer:''' {{{disclaimer}}}</div>|{{#ifeq:{{{organization|}}}|Wikimedia Foundation|<div style="color: #555; font-size: smaller; margin: 1em 0;">'''Disclaimer:''' Although I work for the Wikimedia Foundation, contributions under this account do not necessarily represent the actions or views of the Foundation unless expressly stated otherwise. For example, edits to articles or uploads of other media are done in my individual, personal capacity unless otherwise stated. </div>}} }} | style="padding:15px; vertical-align:top; width:25%; background:#F4F4F4;" | <h2 style="font-family: 'font-family:'Helvetica Neue', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; border-bottom:0;">Contact me</h2> {{{contact me}}} |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 48wvnjcifqfph1jb5ryvozsq2gudwsv 3 49901 123084 2026-10-07T22:53:31Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --~~~~" 123084 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 22:53, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) erqclbynhgm5qhksfo7w1fjej4huoa3 3 49902 123085 2026-10-07T22:54:07Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --~~~~" 123085 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 22:54, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) 2pyact5yaiqbm63lj1hyxz5oep8drd5 123086 123085 2026-10-07T23:15:09Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123086 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 22:54, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) ==Kusintha kwinu, AlphaVictorDelta0107== [[File:Information.svg|left|25px|alt=]] @[[User:AlphaVictorDelta0107|AlphaVictorDelta0107]] Monire. 2 mazuŵa ghajumphapo mukasintha zina la mazgu ghakulembeka mwakukhora mu nkhani [[Smit Machchhar]]. Mu Wikipediya, tikugwiriskira ncito mazina ghakwamba na gha umaliro pera, mazina gha pakati yayi. Nkhawuskapo yayi ivyo vikasintha, kweni nkhumumanyiskani kuti musinthe kunthazi. Yewo chomene. --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 23:15, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) kbdfg56dwb3r7kv5dkaoxyk56qmwigb 123087 123086 2026-10-07T23:15:45Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Typo 123087 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 22:54, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) ==Kusintha kwinu, AlphaVictorDelta0107== [[File:Information.svg|left|25px|alt=]] @[[User:AlphaVictorDelta0107|AlphaVictorDelta0107]] Monire. 2 mazuŵa ghajumphapo mukasintha zina la mazgu ghakulembeka mwakukhora mu nkhani '''[[Smit Machchhar]]'''. Mu Wikipediya, tikugwiriskira nchito mazina ghakwamba na gha umaliro pera, mazina gha pakati yayi. Nkhawuskapo yayi ivyo vikasintha, kweni nkhumumanyiskani kuti musinthe kunthazi. Yewo chomene. --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 23:15, 7 Zimya 2026 (UTC) bwj8zy4zkivhvam52bbsw081qyum0m0 0 49903 123099 2026-10-08T03:10:39Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P27}}. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]]" 123099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P27}}. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] 81b9eym7yjt0jy846qupx1cgn0nrcld 123100 123099 2026-10-08T03:11:20Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[munthu]] wakufuma ku [[Russia]]. Iwo ni {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P21}}. ==Moyo== {{PAGENAME}} wakababika mu {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P569}} ku {{#invoke:wd|property|linked|references|P19}}. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] e02a054il0hsv2q4zu9towfj7xg9r4i 3 49904 123101 2026-10-08T04:47:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --~~~~" 123101 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tamupokelelani pa Wikipediya ya ChiTumbuka== {{Welcome}} --'''''[[User:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]'''''[[User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi|'''<span style='color: #00008b;background-color: #FFFFFF;'>_★^★_★</span>''']] 04:47, 8 Zimya 2026 (UTC) 0dyu0jn6t534kmng50yhsuo4vcanvkk 3 49905 123113 2026-10-08T05:12:17Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Paste from English 123113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{notice|This talk page is not monitored and does not belong to a specific user or bot. If you have a question about a message you received from [[User:MediaWiki message delivery]] please direct it to the contact in the message. If not listed, you can find it in the [[Special:Log/massmessage|message log]].}} 7gugx8e2dcje3ifqx575aysa2egd3jz 0 49906 123116 2026-10-08T10:16:26Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Likuwoneka nga ni khoni ilo lili na mphepete yakukhotakhota,<ref name= "pastafits">{{cite web| url= http://pastafits.org/pasta-dictionary/| title= Pasta Shapes Dictionary | work= pastafits.org |accessdate= 2014-04-14}}</ref> panji luŵa lakuwoneka nga ni belu. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} [[Category:Pasita]]" 123116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Likuwoneka nga ni khoni ilo lili na mphepete yakukhotakhota,<ref name= "pastafits">{{cite web| url= http://pastafits.org/pasta-dictionary/| title= Pasta Shapes Dictionary | work= pastafits.org |accessdate= 2014-04-14}}</ref> panji luŵa lakuwoneka nga ni belu. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} [[Category:Pasita]] 7eql9spc4ze0xkdpa9g3de2lqy59hcy 123120 123116 2026-10-08T10:19:17Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Likuwoneka nga ni khoni ilo lili na mphepete yakukhotakhota,<ref name= "pastafits">{{cite web| url= http://pastafits.org/pasta-dictionary/| title= Pasta Shapes Dictionary | work= pastafits.org |accessdate= 2014-04-14}}</ref> panji luŵa lakuwoneka nga ni belu. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]] 1un0mszy4xqkiwl6xbu454lfylhvai3 10 49907 123117 2026-10-08T10:17:55Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[List of pasta]] * [[List of pasta dishes]] | group1 = Types | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Long pastas | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]]..." 123117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[List of pasta]] * [[List of pasta dishes]] | group1 = Types | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Long pastas | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Short pastas | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Stuffed pastas | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Other or variable | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Cooking | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Producers | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italian | list1 = * [[Agnesi (company)|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla (company)|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo (company)|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = American | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australian | list3 = * [[San Remo (company)|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Equipment manufacturers | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = See also | list6 = * [[Pasta processing]] * [[Noodle]]s ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{portal-inline|size=tiny|Food}} * {{category-inline|Pasta}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> 3nfntaj66icz5mvqg7c7hwmei5vtjsd 123118 123117 2026-10-08T10:18:31Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[Mndandanda wa pasita]] | group1 = Types | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Long pastas | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Short pastas | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Stuffed pastas | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Other or variable | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Cooking | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Producers | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italian | list1 = * [[Agnesi (company)|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla (company)|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo (company)|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = American | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australian | list3 = * [[San Remo (company)|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Equipment manufacturers | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = See also | list6 = * [[Pasta processing]] * [[Noodle]]s ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{portal-inline|size=tiny|Food}} * {{category-inline|Pasta}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> f002vmh3fhpn02ikib5omnpx3qig6dt 123119 123118 2026-10-08T10:18:50Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[Mndandanda wa pasita]] | group1 = Types | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Long pastas | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Short pastas | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Stuffed pastas | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Other or variable | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Cooking | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Producers | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italian | list1 = * [[Agnesi (company)|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla (company)|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo (company)|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = American | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australian | list3 = * [[San Remo (company)|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Equipment manufacturers | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = See also | list6 = * [[Pasta processing]] * [[Noodle]]s ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{category-inline|Pasta}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> s976lqh9w6wgjxygt3qvrluij7yltp7 123122 123119 2026-10-08T10:23:28Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[Mndandanda wa pasita]] | group1 = Mitundu | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Mapasita yitali | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Mapasita ghafupi | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Mapasita wakuzura | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Vinyake panji vyakusintha | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Kuphika | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Ŵakupanga | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italiya | list1 = * [[Agnesi|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = America | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australia | list3 = * [[San Remo|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Ŵanthu awo ŵakupanga vipangizo | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = Wonaniso | list6 = * [[Kupanga pasita]] * Ma[[noodle]] ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{category-inline|Pasita}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> 2fwh1lua1laxiwu72jop5mr488bdbkb 123124 123122 2026-10-08T10:24:31Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[Mndandanda wa pasita]] | group1 = Mitundu | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Mapasita yitali | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Mapasita ghafupi | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Mapasita wakuzura | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Vinyake panji vyakusintha | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Kuphika | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Ŵakupanga | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italiya | list1 = * [[Agnesi|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = America | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australia | list3 = * [[San Remo|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Ŵanthu awo ŵakupanga vipangizo | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = Wonaniso | list6 = * [[Kupanga pasita]] * [[Noodle|Manoodle]] ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{category-inline|Pasita}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> 0nbrx42dojvgosex2wlvqu44pfixskr 123126 123124 2026-10-08T10:27:03Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 123126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Pasita | title = [[Pasita]] | state = {{{state|collapsed}}} | bodyclass = hlist | above = * [[Mndandanda wa pasita]] | group1 = Mitundu | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Mapasita yitali | list1 = * [[Bigoli]] * [[Bucatini]] * [[Busiate]] * [[Capellini]] * [[Fettuccine]] * [[Fileja]] * [[Lasagnette]] * [[Lasagnotte]] * [[Linguettine]] * [[Linguine]] * [[Mafaldine]] * [[Pappardelle]] * [[Pici]] * [[Spaghetti]] ** ''[[Spaghetti alla chitarra|alla chitarra]]'' * [[Stringozzi]] * [[Stroncatura]] * [[Tagliatelle]] * [[Taglierini]] * [[Tagliolini]] * [[Trenette]] * [[Troccoli]] * [[Vermicelli]] | group2 = Mapasita ghafupi | list2 = * [[Calamarata]] * [[Campanelle]] * [[Casarecce]] * [[Cascatelli]] * [[Cavatappi]] * [[Cavatelli]] * [[Cencioni]] * [[Conchiglie]] * [[Corzetti]] * [[Crozets de Savoie]] * [[Farfalle]] * [[Fiori (pasta)|Fiori]] * [[Foglie d'ulivo]] * [[Fusi (pasta)|Fusi]] * [[Fusilli |Fusilli (Rotini)]] * [[Garganelli]] * [[Gemelli (pasta)|Gemelli]] * [[Lanterne (pasta)|Lanterne]] * [[Lorighittas]] * [[Macaroni]] * [[Malloreddus]] * [[Orecchiette]] * [[Paccheri]] * [[Passatelli]] * [[Penne]] * [[Pillus]] * [[Pizzoccheri]] * [[Radiatori]] * [[Rigatoni]] * [[Rotelle]] * [[Sagnarelli]] * [[Scialatelli]] * [[Sedani]] * [[Su Filindeu]] * [[Testaroli]] * [[Tortiglioni]] * [[Trofie]] * [[Ziti]] | group3 = [[Pastina]] | list3 = * [[Acini di pepe]] * [[Alphabet pasta]] * [[Anelli]] * [[Ditalini]] * [[Fregula]] * [[Orzo]] * [[Stelline]] | group4 = Mapasita wakuzura | list4 = * [[Agnolini]] * Agnolotti ** [[Agnolotti pavesi|Pavese]] ** [[Agnolotti|Piedmontese]] * [[Cappelletti (pasta)|Cappelletti]] * [[Casoncelli]] * [[Casunziei]] * [[Cjarsons]] * [[Culurgiones]] * [[Fagottini]] * [[Schlutzkrapfen|Mezzelune]] * [[Ravioli]] ** [[Raviole du Dauphiné]] * [[Sacchettoni]] * [[Sorrentinos]] * [[Tortellini]] * [[Tortelli]] * [[Tortelloni]] | group5 = Vinyake panji vyakusintha | list5 = * [[Cannelloni]] * [[Lasagna]] * [[Occhi di lupo]] * [[Strozzapreti]] * [[Vincisgrassi]] }} | group2 = Kuphika | list2 = * [[Al dente]] * [[Al forno]] | group3 = Ŵakupanga | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Italiya | list1 = * [[Agnesi|Agnesi]] * [[Bertagni]] * [[Barilla|Barilla]] * [[Buitoni]] * [[De Cecco]] * [[Pastifico Lucio Garofalo|Garofalo]] * [[La Molisana]] * [[Pasta Di Martino|Pastificio G. Di Martino]] * [[Poiatti]] * [[Giovanni Rana|Rana]] * [[Pasta Rigo|Rigo]] * [[Voiello]] * [[Rummo|Rummo]] * [[Delverde]] | group2 = America | list2 = * [[National Pasta Association]] * [[A. Zerega's Sons, Inc.]] * [[C.F. Mueller Company]] * [[New World Pasta]] * [[American Italian Pasta Company]] * [[V. La Rosa and Sons Macaroni Company]] | group3 = Australia | list3 = * [[San Remo|San Remo]] }} | group5 = Ŵanthu awo ŵakupanga vipangizo | list5 = * [[Demaco]] * [[VillaWare]] | group6 = Wonaniso | list6 = * [[Kupanga pasita]] * [[Noodle|Manoodle]] ** [[Spätzle]] ** [[Israeli couscous]] | below = * {{category-inline|Pasita}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{collapsible option}} ==Wonaniso== * {{tl|noodle}} {{Cuisine sidebars}} [[Category:Food navigational boxes]] [[Category:Italian cuisine templates]] }}</noinclude> hf5d0gznur42rad2wuhy04c6iq89bf8 0 49908 123121 2026-10-08T10:20:32Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Ni mtundu wa pasita wa mphete wakukhora, kanandi ŵakuwupenta na inki yifipa ya squid kuti ŵaŵe nga ni calamari wakudumulika.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=5La8BwAAQBAJ&dq=Calamarata+pasta&pg=PA127</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]]" 123121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Ni mtundu wa pasita wa mphete wakukhora, kanandi ŵakuwupenta na inki yifipa ya squid kuti ŵaŵe nga ni calamari wakudumulika.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=5La8BwAAQBAJ&dq=Calamarata+pasta&pg=PA127</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]] sj7s2xlh5l8szkpfjq6jt0s557ld58b 14 49909 123123 2026-10-08T10:23:46Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{PAGENAME}}" 123123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME}} ql7em3iplcfeaiu8hvtxv0k9gq9mbec 0 49910 123125 2026-10-08T10:25:25Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Kanandi ŵakuviŵika na msuzi wa nkhuku na tomato panji msuzi wa tomato wambura kusuzga.<ref>https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/storie/piatti-tipici/lorighittas-la-pasta-sarda-artigianale-fatta-dalle-donne/</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]]" 123125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Kanandi ŵakuviŵika na msuzi wa nkhuku na tomato panji msuzi wa tomato wambura kusuzga.<ref>https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/storie/piatti-tipici/lorighittas-la-pasta-sarda-artigianale-fatta-dalle-donne/</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]] bd318ndlc6pnpfag7yjstq96h60n1a3 0 49911 123127 2026-10-08T10:28:13Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Ni pasita wa riboni wakuphapha, wakupangika na kusazgako ufu wa tirigu na ufu wa tirigu. ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]]" 123127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Ni pasita wa riboni wakuphapha, wakupangika na kusazgako ufu wa tirigu na ufu wa tirigu. ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]] 8o3g3h7pgvy8dmx1b8t1gvy0s9kyqd5 2 49912 123128 2026-10-08T10:29:48Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} <!-- [[Category:Pasita]] -->" 123128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} <!-- [[Category:Pasita]] --> kn8ssjso70gnitkxytrv27yvg4tej2o 0 49913 123129 2026-10-08T10:31:36Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 11606 Created page with "{{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya [[ChiNgelezi]], kanandi vikuŵa vyakuwonda chomene kuluska [[spaghetti]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160307214527/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vermicelli</ref> apo ku [[Italy]] vikuŵa vyakukhora chomene. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]]" 123129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{databox}} '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' ni mtundu wa [[pasita]]. Mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya [[ChiNgelezi]], kanandi vikuŵa vyakuwonda chomene kuluska [[spaghetti]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160307214527/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vermicelli</ref> apo ku [[Italy]] vikuŵa vyakukhora chomene. ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} ==Malinki gha kuwaro== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Pasita}} [[Category:Pasita]] r9ykj0i98m01tfs3u3ihokulfx7lyov