Wikipedia:Admin requests

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    <title>Wikipedia:Admin requests</title>
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        <username>Warmglow</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* (+) Support */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3412" sha1="d9nvkpew3gs0jggm5r6ex1phqu7i8ns" xml:space="preserve">Old requests: [[Wikipedia:Admin requests/Archive]]
== Adesrɛ/Request to continue administrative role ==
=== [[User: Warmglow|Warmglow]] ===
Merehwehwɛ mmoa afiri obibiara hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a metumi a toa adwuma yi so sɛ ɔhwɛfoɔ. 

I'm seeking your support to continue the role of an administrator on Twi Wikipedia.

Wo bɛtumi aboa, you can support below
==== (+) Support ====
* {{support}}[[Dwumadini:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Opoku Akaadom Sympathy]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:27, 14 Kotonimma 2026 (UTC)
*{{support}}[[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Rsaawah|Nkitahode beaɛ]])
*{{support}}[[Dwumadini:Zakaria Tunsung|Zakaria Tunsung]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Zakaria Tunsung|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:54, 14 Kotonimma 2026 (UTC)

== Adesrɛ/Request to continue administrative role ==
=== [[User: Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ===
Mereserɛ ɔhwɛfo hokwan ne interface ɔhwɛfo hokwan sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mɛboa Twi Wikipedia wɔ mfiridwuma afa mu. 

I am requesting admin rights and interface admin rights to support and help Twi Wikipedia. 

Minya suahunu firi Wikimania Wiki wɔ saa ɔhwɛfo hokwan mmienu yi nyinaa mu.

I do have experience from wikimania wiki for both rights. 
 
Wo bɛtumi aboa, you can support below
&lt;br&gt;[[Dwumadini:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Joris Darington Quarshie|Nkitahode beaɛ]])

==== (+) Support ====
* {{support}} [[Dwumadini:Sunkanmi12|Sunkanmi12]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Sunkanmi12|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:19, 9 Kotonimma 2026 (UTC)
* {{support}} [[Dwumadini:Jemima2019|Jemima2019]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Jemima2019|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:23, 9 Kotonimma 2026 (UTC)
* {{support}} [[Dwumadini:S A Habadah|S A Habadah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:S A Habadah|Nkitahode beaɛ]])
* {{support}} [[User:Robertjamal12|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F&quot;&gt;''Robertjamal12''&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00F&quot;&gt;~🔔&lt;/span&gt;]] 18:54, 10 Kotonimma 2026 (UTC)
* {{support}} [[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Rsaawah|Nkitahode beaɛ]])

== Adesrɛ/Request to continue administrative role ==
=== [[User: Warmglow|Warmglow]] ===
Merehwehwɛ mmoa afiri obibiara hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a metumi a toa adwuma yi so sɛ ɔhwɛfoɔ. 

I'm seeking your support to continue the role of an administrator on Twi Wikipedia.

Wo bɛtumi aboa, you can support below[[Dwumadini:Warmglow|Warmglow]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Warmglow|Nkitahode beaɛ]])

==== (+) Support ====
* [[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Rsaawah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) Dwumadini Warmglow fata Saa akwanya yi.
* {{support}} --- [[User:Robertjamal12|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F&quot;&gt;''Robertjamal12''&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00F&quot;&gt;~🔔&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:44, 14 Kotonimma 2025 (UTC)
* {{support}} [[Dwumadini:Elkan21|Elkan21]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Elkan21|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:20, 19 Kotonimma 2025 (UTC)
[[Dwumadini:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Opoku Akaadom Sympathy]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 21:52, 19 Kotonimma 2025 (UTC) As an editor and a local language advocate, I strongly support  this applicant. [[Dwumadini:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Opoku Akaadom Sympathy]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 21:52, 19 Kotonimma 2025 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kwame Asare</title>
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'''Kwame Asare a''' edin a dodoɔ no de frɛ no ne Jacob Sam (wɔwoo no wɔ afe apem ahankron ne mmiɛnsa mu (1903) wɔ Cape Coast) yɛ obi a odikan yɛɛ [[Ghana]] highlife nnwom apawa ne odikanfo wɔ Highlife sankubɔ mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2277&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.myjoyonline.com/&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'asetena mu  nsem ne Nnwuma ==
Wɔtetee no sɛ sikadwinnfoɔ. Otu kɔtenaa Kumasi maa no hyɛɛ Kumasi Trio ase. Liberiani poso adwumayeni bi kyerɛɛ no sɛnea wɔbɔ sankuo. Wonim no sɛ Ghanani a odikan yɛɛ Highlife apawa w’ato din ‘’Yaa Amponsa”. Wɔ afe 1982 mu no, ɔde sankuo bi a ɛde Zonophone yɛ nnwom dɛdɛɛdɛ bi wɔ beae a wɔfrɛ no Kingsway wɔ London EZ series. Wɔn wodii n’akyi kɔe ne Kumasi Trio no, ne Sankubofoɔ H.E Binney na afei, kwah Kanntata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/ |access-date=2021-08-02 |archive-date=2021-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802073241/http://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ɔde ne ne yɛɛ apawa a wɔfrɛ  no JZ series a edin a na ɔde di dwuma saa bre no ne ‘’Kwanin”. N’apawa a ɔyɛɛ wɔ afe 1928 no yɛ nea ɔyɛɛ wɔ Fante Kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jacob-sam-mn0001678496&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔyɛɛ Odinkafo ma Abiberemu nwomtoɔ denam nnwomkyerɛ, nnwomtoɔ ne nsankubo mu wɔ Mfantae kasa mu.

Owui wɔ afe 1950 mu.

== Nkekaho ==</text>
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'''Kwame Asare a''' edin a dodoɔ no de frɛ no ne Jacob Sam (wɔwoo no afe apem ahankron ne mmiɛnsa mu (1903) wɔ Cape Coast) yɛ obi a odikan yɛɛ [[Ghana]] highlife nnwom apawa ne odikanfo wɔ Highlife sankubɔ mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2277&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.myjoyonline.com/&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'asetena mu  nsem ne Nnwuma ==
Wɔtetee no sɛ sikadwinnfoɔ. Otu kɔtenaa Kumasi maa no hyɛɛ Kumasi Trio ase. Liberiani poso adwumayeni bi kyerɛɛ no sɛnea wɔbɔ sankuo. Wonim no sɛ Ghanani a odikan yɛɛ Highlife apawa w’ato din ‘’Yaa Amponsa”. Wɔ afe 1982 mu no, ɔde sankuo bi a ɛde Zonophone yɛ nnwom dɛdɛɛdɛ bi wɔ beae a wɔfrɛ no Kingsway wɔ London EZ series. Wɔn wodii n’akyi kɔe ne Kumasi Trio no, ne Sankubofoɔ H.E Binney na afei, kwah Kanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/ |access-date=2021-08-02 |archive-date=2021-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802073241/http://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ɔde ne ne yɛɛ apawa a wɔfrɛ  no JZ series a edin a na ɔde di dwuma saa bre no ne ‘’Kwanin”. N’apawa a ɔyɛɛ wɔ afe 1928 no yɛ nea ɔyɛɛ wɔ Fante Kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jacob-sam-mn0001678496&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔyɛɛ Odinkafo ma Abiberemu nwomtoɔ denam nnwomkyerɛ, nnwomtoɔ ne nsankubo mu wɔ Mfantae kasa mu.

Owui wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduonum(1950) mu.

== Nkekaho ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Highlife</title>
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      <text bytes="2345" sha1="7e3pvzpuwu95jrvq11mucoszlv4n79k" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <comment>words added</comment>
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      <text bytes="3188" sha1="3wg8p66lecnmgn99sqlmfomvm1rcoi5" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu 


'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <comment>/* Abakɔsɛm */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3436" sha1="5trjl20bnpn7r9ajcgq9v84u8gz0wzx" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>199664</id>
      <parentid>199663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T09:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Abakɔsɛm */</comment>
      <origin>199664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3464" sha1="b7tzzz3cncfadqmvlmrkcpj49r2seqc" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199665</id>
      <parentid>199664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T09:59:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Abakɔsɛm */</comment>
      <origin>199665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4184" sha1="8qmm6u20gn33wba14f3vdg7h9e27z57" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Brass-band highlife ===
Ná ɛyɛ asetra kwan a ɛkorɔn a ɛte sɛ atɔe fam nnwontofo akuw a wɔwɔ Europa abankɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no mu. Ná asraafo no de kurom hɔ nnwontofo di dwuma wɔ wɔn nnwontofo akuw no mu, na na wɔkyerɛ wɔn nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani. Bere a saa nnwontofo yi huu sɛnea West India asraafo kuw no nnwontofo de wɔn bere a wonni hɔ yɛ nnwom no, ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔyɛɛ saa ara. Nhyiam nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani a wɔto no ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no ma wonyaa kwan bɔɔ asaw bi a wɔfrɛ no adaha, ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no a wɔto nnwom a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no konkoma. Saa nkabom yi te sɛ jazz a wɔwoo no wɔ New Orleans no.


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199666</id>
      <parentid>199665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:07:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4591" sha1="m7rl7is0ndpdsw2glrl5yxaviul2lg9" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Brass-band highlife ===
Ná ɛyɛ asetra kwan a ɛkorɔn a ɛte sɛ atɔe fam nnwontofo akuw a wɔwɔ Europa abankɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no mu. Ná asraafo no de kurom hɔ nnwontofo di dwuma wɔ wɔn nnwontofo akuw no mu, na na wɔkyerɛ wɔn nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani. Bere a saa nnwontofo yi huu sɛnea West India asraafo kuw no nnwontofo de wɔn bere a wonni hɔ yɛ nnwom no, ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔyɛɛ saa ara. Nhyiam nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani a wɔto no ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no ma wonyaa kwan bɔɔ asaw bi a wɔfrɛ no adaha, ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no a wɔto nnwom a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no konkoma. Saa nkabom yi te sɛ jazz a wɔwoo no wɔ New Orleans no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;


'''Dance and guitar band highlife'''

Wɔ 1920 mfe no mu no, Ghana nnwontofo de nsunsuanso a efi amannɔne te sɛ foxtrot ne calypso kaa Ghana nnwom te sɛ osibisaba (Fante) ho. Highlife yɛ nnwom a na wɔde di dwuma wɔ Afrika adehye kuw mu wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu, na nnwom a na nnwontofo akuw pii bɔ no bi ne Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, ne Accra Orchestra wɔ ɔman no mpoano.

== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>199667</id>
      <parentid>199666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:11:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Brass-band highlife */</comment>
      <origin>199667</origin>
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      <text bytes="5670" sha1="fv5kk4x1l3o55a7mpppkt52t544tq75" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Brass-band highlife ===
Ná ɛyɛ asetra kwan a ɛkorɔn a ɛte sɛ atɔe fam nnwontofo akuw a wɔwɔ Europa abankɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no mu. Ná asraafo no de kurom hɔ nnwontofo di dwuma wɔ wɔn nnwontofo akuw no mu, na na wɔkyerɛ wɔn nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani. Bere a saa nnwontofo yi huu sɛnea West India asraafo kuw no nnwontofo de wɔn bere a wonni hɔ yɛ nnwom no, ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔyɛɛ saa ara. Nhyiam nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani a wɔto no ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no ma wonyaa kwan bɔɔ asaw bi a wɔfrɛ no adaha, ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no a wɔto nnwom a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no konkoma. Saa nkabom yi te sɛ jazz a wɔwoo no wɔ New Orleans no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

====  '''Dance and guitar band highlife''' ====
Wɔ 1920 mfe no mu no, Ghana nnwontofo de nsunsuanso a efi amannɔne te sɛ foxtrot ne calypso kaa Ghana nnwom te sɛ osibisaba (Fante) ho. Highlife yɛ nnwom a na wɔde di dwuma wɔ Afrika adehye kuw mu wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu, na nnwom a na nnwontofo akuw pii bɔ no bi ne Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, ne Accra Orchestra wɔ ɔman no mpoano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Steven J. Salm |title=Culture and customs of Ghana |date=2002 |url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm |others=Internet Archive |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32050-7 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔn a na wɔwɔ hɔ no bi yɛ nnipa atitiriw a na wɔto nnwom wɔ agodibea ahorow a wɔpaw mu no, na ɛno na ɛmaa nnwom no nyaa ne din. Ɔdanso nnwontofo panyin Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah nuabarima panyin) ka kyerɛɛ John Collins wɔ afe 1973 mu sɛ asɛmfua 'highlife' no puee wɔ 1920 mfe no mfiase &quot;sɛ asɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ma nnwom a na wɔto wɔ asaw nkorabata mu a na nnwom akuw bi te sɛ Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, Sekondi Nanshamang ne akyiri yi Accra Orchestra bɔ no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ mfikyiri no frɛɛ no asetena a ɛyɛ anigye efisɛ na wɔnte sɛ awarefo a wɔrekɔ mu no, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotua ɔpon a ne bo yɛ den a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 7s 6d (nnwetɛbona ason ne nnwetɛbona asia), na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ anwummere atade a emu yɛ duru, a sɛ wobetumi a, wɔhyɛ mmati a ɛkorɔn nso.


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7358" sha1="4jamof7rkx8pu0gxh7hgs4u4on8zsr9" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Brass-band highlife ===
Ná ɛyɛ asetra kwan a ɛkorɔn a ɛte sɛ atɔe fam nnwontofo akuw a wɔwɔ Europa abankɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no mu. Ná asraafo no de kurom hɔ nnwontofo di dwuma wɔ wɔn nnwontofo akuw no mu, na na wɔkyerɛ wɔn nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani. Bere a saa nnwontofo yi huu sɛnea West India asraafo kuw no nnwontofo de wɔn bere a wonni hɔ yɛ nnwom no, ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔyɛɛ saa ara. Nhyiam nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani a wɔto no ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no ma wonyaa kwan bɔɔ asaw bi a wɔfrɛ no adaha, ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no a wɔto nnwom a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no konkoma. Saa nkabom yi te sɛ jazz a wɔwoo no wɔ New Orleans no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

====  '''Dance and guitar band highlife''' ====
Wɔ 1920 mfe no mu no, Ghana nnwontofo de nsunsuanso a efi amannɔne te sɛ foxtrot ne calypso kaa Ghana nnwom te sɛ osibisaba (Fante) ho. Highlife yɛ nnwom a na wɔde di dwuma wɔ Afrika adehye kuw mu wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu, na nnwom a na nnwontofo akuw pii bɔ no bi ne Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, ne Accra Orchestra wɔ ɔman no mpoano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Steven J. Salm |title=Culture and customs of Ghana |date=2002 |url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm |others=Internet Archive |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32050-7 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔn a na wɔwɔ hɔ no bi yɛ nnipa atitiriw a na wɔto nnwom wɔ agodibea ahorow a wɔpaw mu no, na ɛno na ɛmaa nnwom no nyaa ne din. Ɔdanso nnwontofo panyin Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah nuabarima panyin) ka kyerɛɛ John Collins wɔ afe 1973 mu sɛ asɛmfua 'highlife' no puee wɔ 1920 mfe no mfiase &quot;sɛ asɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ma nnwom a na wɔto wɔ asaw nkorabata mu a na nnwom akuw bi te sɛ Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, Sekondi Nanshamang ne akyiri yi Accra Orchestra bɔ no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ mfikyiri no frɛɛ no asetena a ɛyɛ anigye efisɛ na wɔnte sɛ awarefo a wɔrekɔ mu no, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotua ɔpon a ne bo yɛ den a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 7s 6d (nnwetɛbona ason ne nnwetɛbona asia), na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ anwummere atade a emu yɛ duru, a sɛ wobetumi a, wɔhyɛ mmati a ɛkorɔn nso.
[[File:Armstrong-Mensahinvitation.jpg|thumb|Nsaano krataa a wɔde too nsa frɛɛ Louis Armstrong &quot;a ofi Amerika&quot; ne E. T. Mensah ne ne Tempos Nnwontofo Kuw &quot;a wɔwɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam no&quot;]]


Wɔ 1940 mfe no mu no, nnwom no mu paee abien: asaw kuw highlife ne sanku kuw highlife. Guitar band highlife yɛ nnwontofo akuw nketewa a na wɔtaa bɔ wɔ nkuraase. Esiane sɛ na nnwinnade a wɔde dade bɔ te sɛ seprewa wɔ hɔ nti, na nnwontofo no ani gye ho sɛ wɔde gita bedi dwuma wɔ nnwom no mu. Wɔsan de dagomba kwan a wɔfaa so fii Kru po so hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo a wofi Liberia hɔ no dii dwuma de bɔɔ highlife nnade a wɔde nsateaa abien yi. Guitar band highlife nso de nnwonto, mpintin ne claves dii dwuma. E.K. Nyame ne ne Akan Trio boa maa guitar band highlife nyaa din&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Musicmakers of West Africa |date=1985 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&amp;q=ek+nyame&amp;pg=PA21&amp;redir_esc=y#v=snippet&amp;q=ek%20nyame&amp;f=false |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |language=en |isbn=978-0-89410-075-8 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''The Ghanaian diaspora'''

Sikasɛm mu haw maa Ghanafoɔ bebree tu kɔeɛ wɔ 1960 mfe no mu kɔhwehwɛɛ hokwan pii, na amanyɔsɛm mu basabasayɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ 1970 ne 1980 mfe no mu no maa nnipa bebree ne nnwontofoɔ a wɔagye din pii tu kɔeɛ na wɔhyehyɛɛ nnipa akuw wɔ atɔeɛ fam, na Germany bɛyɛɛ baabi a wɔpaw kɔeɛ esiane sɛ na wɔn mmara a ɛfa atubrafoɔ ho no ayɛ mmerɛ&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=The globalization of musics in transit : music migration and tourism {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/900017261 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; 


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8454" sha1="gqaj5hxank2zqnuoig2u9340sls4mto" xml:space="preserve">Highlife nnwom yɛ abibiman nnwom adada no mu baako a wɔnam Englesi aborɔfo amammerɛ so de baa baa Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi te sɛ Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia ne aman ahodoↄ no so &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Highlife Abɔseɛ ==
Asɛmfua “Highlife” abɔseɛ firi  Ghana. Afe 1920 mu na ɛbaeɛ. Ansa na Ghanafoɔ rebɛfrɛ saa nnwom a ne su te saa no, the yɛwɔ nnwom bi te sɛ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=GreenViews |title=Highlife Music in Ghana - Origins and history |date=2022-10-18 |url=https://greenviewsresidential.com/highlife-music-in-ghana/ |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; adaha, konkoma, ashiko, gome, sikyi, osoode, ᴐdᴐnson, simpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho . ɛyɛ  aborɔfo amammerɛ na wɔde bɛfraa Abibiman nnwontoɔ mu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wɔakyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu wɔ akwan bebree so.  “Highlife” nnwom bi  te sɛ King Bruce, Kwadwo Donkoh, Joe Mensah ne Nana Ampadu deɛ a ne toɔ mu no wɔsan de osinto, sikyi ne gome di dwuma. Ɔkyerɛ a, saa “Highlife” yi su na wɔtae gyina so de ma nkyerɛmu fa asɛmfua “Highlife” ho. Adwenpɔ foforɔ nso a wɔgyina so de kyerɛ asɛmfua “Highlife” mu no nso baako ne deɛ ɛda adi wɔ Nketia ne Amoaku nnwuma mu. Wɔkyerɛ nnwom a wɔwɔ saa su a wɔka ho asɛm no bi ne E.T. Mensah nnwom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Popular Performance and Culture in Ghana: The Past 50 Years |date=2007 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/745655 |work=Ghana Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=9–64 |issn=2333-7168 |access-date=2025-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Arpeggiated highlife guitar part a edidi so yi gyina Afro-Cuban guajeo so. Nhyehyɛe a wɔfa so de ato ato hɔ no te sɛ nea wɔde guajeo a ɛwɔ 3-2 clave no yɛ no. Wɔfrɛ no clave wɔ Cuba, na ɛwɔ Ghana, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ anigyede mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=The Early History of West African Highlife Music |date=1989 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/931273 |work=Popular Music |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=221–230 |issn=0261-1430 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

'''Palm wine''' '''nnwom'''

Na nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ nsa ase a wɔsan frɛ no maringa wɔ Sierra Leone no yɛ nnwom a wɔhyehyɛe wɔ mpoano mmeae bere a kurom nnwontofo fii ase de nnwom a aguadifo de bae a wotumi de di dwuma ne nnwom a wɔde asaw ne nnwom a wɔto bɔ wɔ hɔ no boom no. Ná wɔtaa bɔ no wɔ 4/4 mita a wɔabɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Ná wɔbɔ saa nnwom yi wɔ mmeae a wɔtɔn nsã wɔ po so hyɛn gyinabea hɔ, baabi a na hyɛnkafo, hyɛn gyinabea adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no nom nom na wotie nnwom no. Akyiri yi, nnwom a wɔde nsa ayɛ no nyaa nkɔso wɔ ɔman no mu, na wɔde 12/8 mu nnwom a wɔato din sɛ polyrhythms a ɛwɔ Afrika kasa mu no bi bae; na wɔbɛfrɛ saa nnwom no &quot;Native Blues&quot;. Saa kwan yi so na na nnipa pii ani gye ho kosii Wiase Ko II no mu bere a wogyaee nnwom a na wɔbɔ no&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Brass-band highlife ===
Ná ɛyɛ asetra kwan a ɛkorɔn a ɛte sɛ atɔe fam nnwontofo akuw a wɔwɔ Europa abankɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no mu. Ná asraafo no de kurom hɔ nnwontofo di dwuma wɔ wɔn nnwontofo akuw no mu, na na wɔkyerɛ wɔn nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani. Bere a saa nnwontofo yi huu sɛnea West India asraafo kuw no nnwontofo de wɔn bere a wonni hɔ yɛ nnwom no, ɛhyɛɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔyɛɛ saa ara. Nhyiam nnwom a wɔde gyigye wɔn ani a wɔto no ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no ma wonyaa kwan bɔɔ asaw bi a wɔfrɛ no adaha, ne nnwom a wɔto wɔ baabi a wɔto no a wɔto nnwom a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no konkoma. Saa nkabom yi te sɛ jazz a wɔwoo no wɔ New Orleans no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

====  '''Dance and guitar band highlife''' ====
Wɔ 1920 mfe no mu no, Ghana nnwontofo de nsunsuanso a efi amannɔne te sɛ foxtrot ne calypso kaa Ghana nnwom te sɛ osibisaba (Fante) ho. Highlife yɛ nnwom a na wɔde di dwuma wɔ Afrika adehye kuw mu wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu, na nnwom a na nnwontofo akuw pii bɔ no bi ne Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, ne Accra Orchestra wɔ ɔman no mpoano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Steven J. Salm |title=Culture and customs of Ghana |date=2002 |url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm |others=Internet Archive |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32050-7 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔn a na wɔwɔ hɔ no bi yɛ nnipa atitiriw a na wɔto nnwom wɔ agodibea ahorow a wɔpaw mu no, na ɛno na ɛmaa nnwom no nyaa ne din. Ɔdanso nnwontofo panyin Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah nuabarima panyin) ka kyerɛɛ John Collins wɔ afe 1973 mu sɛ asɛmfua 'highlife' no puee wɔ 1920 mfe no mfiase &quot;sɛ asɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ma nnwom a na wɔto wɔ asaw nkorabata mu a na nnwom akuw bi te sɛ Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, Sekondi Nanshamang ne akyiri yi Accra Orchestra bɔ no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ mfikyiri no frɛɛ no asetena a ɛyɛ anigye efisɛ na wɔnte sɛ awarefo a wɔrekɔ mu no, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotua ɔpon a ne bo yɛ den a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 7s 6d (nnwetɛbona ason ne nnwetɛbona asia), na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ anwummere atade a emu yɛ duru, a sɛ wobetumi a, wɔhyɛ mmati a ɛkorɔn nso.
[[File:Armstrong-Mensahinvitation.jpg|thumb|Nsaano krataa a wɔde too nsa frɛɛ Louis Armstrong &quot;a ofi Amerika&quot; ne E. T. Mensah ne ne Tempos Nnwontofo Kuw &quot;a wɔwɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam no&quot;]]


Wɔ 1940 mfe no mu no, nnwom no mu paee abien: asaw kuw highlife ne sanku kuw highlife. Guitar band highlife yɛ nnwontofo akuw nketewa a na wɔtaa bɔ wɔ nkuraase. Esiane sɛ na nnwinnade a wɔde dade bɔ te sɛ seprewa wɔ hɔ nti, na nnwontofo no ani gye ho sɛ wɔde gita bedi dwuma wɔ nnwom no mu. Wɔsan de dagomba kwan a wɔfaa so fii Kru po so hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo a wofi Liberia hɔ no dii dwuma de bɔɔ highlife nnade a wɔde nsateaa abien yi. Guitar band highlife nso de nnwonto, mpintin ne claves dii dwuma. E.K. Nyame ne ne Akan Trio boa maa guitar band highlife nyaa din&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=John Collins |title=Musicmakers of West Africa |date=1985 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&amp;q=ek+nyame&amp;pg=PA21&amp;redir_esc=y#v=snippet&amp;q=ek%20nyame&amp;f=false |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |language=en |isbn=978-0-89410-075-8 |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''The Ghanaian diaspora'''

Sikasɛm mu haw maa Ghanafoɔ bebree tu kɔeɛ wɔ 1960 mfe no mu kɔhwehwɛɛ hokwan pii, na amanyɔsɛm mu basabasayɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ 1970 ne 1980 mfe no mu no maa nnipa bebree ne nnwontofoɔ a wɔagye din pii tu kɔeɛ na wɔhyehyɛɛ nnipa akuw wɔ atɔeɛ fam, na Germany bɛyɛɛ baabi a wɔpaw kɔeɛ esiane sɛ na wɔn mmara a ɛfa atubrafoɔ ho no ayɛ mmerɛ&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=The globalization of musics in transit : music migration and tourism {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/900017261 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;  


'''Burger highlife'''

Ghanafo a wɔwɔ Germany no bɔɔ wiase kwan a wɔfa so nya asetena pa a wɔde funk, disco, ne synth-pop ka ho. Wogye di sɛ na wɔfrɛ no burger highlife efisɛ na Ghanafo dodow no ara te Hamburg. Wɔkaa nnwom no ho asɛm kyerɛɛ atubrafo a na wɔrekɔ Germany ne Ghana no. Afei nso na wɔde mfiri a aba so di dwuma; eduu 1990 mfe no awiei no, na wɔde mfiri a wɔde di dwuma nkutoo na edi dwuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Burger Highlife Music Genre History and Style Description{{!}} African Music Library |url=https://africanmusiclibrary.org/genre/Burger%20Highlife |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Gospel highlife ====
Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nnwom a agye din paa wɔ Ghanafo ne wɔn a wɔtete aman foforo so nyinaa mu, na asɛmpa no agye din sen Burger Highlife esiane sɛ adi nkonim wɔ nyamesom ne pop amammerɛ ntam nsonsonoe mu nti. Saa kwan yi te sɛ Burger Highlife nanso ne honhom no fi Kristosom ne Pentekoste som mu. N'asɛm a ɛkyere adwene wɔ aman no mu no fi nyamesom ahyehyɛde no tumi a ɛde ma Ghanafo a wɔwɔ Germany no asetena mu ne amammerɛ mu.


== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>C.K. Mann</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199623</id>
      <parentid>199622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T11:59:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
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      <comment>word added</comment>
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      <text bytes="1641" sha1="eueahpnnfifkzvrc5fclth5tdzxn7ph" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu.  Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho

== Ne Nnwom ==

== N'abasobodeɛ ==

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>eueahpnnfifkzvrc5fclth5tdzxn7ph</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199624</id>
      <parentid>199623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:08:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Words added</comment>
      <origin>199624</origin>
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      <text bytes="1830" sha1="eap11fz0z50w1kekscln6sd99uepswk" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu.  Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ December a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==

== N'abasobodeɛ ==

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>eap11fz0z50w1kekscln6sd99uepswk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199625</id>
      <parentid>199624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:12:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>words added</comment>
      <origin>199625</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2254" sha1="7garm1z2i0rzdl6g3kblnjknfzmaisc" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu.  Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ December a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==
C.K Mann to nnwom pii a na agye din, a ebi ne &quot;Adwoa Yankey&quot;, &quot;Asafo beesuon&quot;, &quot;Obaa yaa aye me bone&quot;, &quot;Kolomashie&quot;, &quot;Dofo bi akyerew me&quot;, &quot;Ankwasema dede&quot;, &quot;Okwan tsentsen awar&quot;, &quot;Aboa akonkoran&quot;, &quot;Beebi a odo wo&quot;, &quot;Tsie m'afotusem&quot;, &quot;Ebusua ape adze aye me&quot;, &quot;Yebeyi wo aye&quot;, ne &quot;Do me ma mondo wo bi&quot;. 5] Ne nnwoma etwa to, Wope Nye Ho a West Gold Music Studio a ɛwɔ Takoradi na ɛyɛe na wɔyii no adi wɔ afe 2013 mu

== N'abasobodeɛ ==

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>7garm1z2i0rzdl6g3kblnjknfzmaisc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199626</id>
      <parentid>199625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:15:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Words added</comment>
      <origin>199626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2497" sha1="3qels1wtxrcmor21gpbyijnjdni0gor" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu.  Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ December a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==
C.K Mann to nnwom pii a na agye din, a ebi ne &quot;Adwoa Yankey&quot;, &quot;Asafo beesuon&quot;, &quot;Obaa yaa aye me bone&quot;, &quot;Kolomashie&quot;, &quot;Dofo bi akyerew me&quot;, &quot;Ankwasema dede&quot;, &quot;Okwan tsentsen awar&quot;, &quot;Aboa akonkoran&quot;, &quot;Beebi a odo wo&quot;, &quot;Tsie m'afotusem&quot;, &quot;Ebusua ape adze aye me&quot;, &quot;Yebeyi wo aye&quot;, ne &quot;Do me ma mondo wo bi&quot;. Ne nnwoma etwa to, Wope Nye Ho a West Gold Music Studio a ɛwɔ Takoradi na ɛyɛe na wɔyii no adi wɔ afe 2013 mu

== N'abasobodeɛ ==
Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Ɔmanpanin John Agyekum Kufour de Ghana Nnwom ho abasobɔde maa Mann. 7] Ɔkaa wɔn a wodii kan nyaa saa abasobɔde yi bere a wɔsakraa dwumadi no wɔ afe 2006 mu no ho. 

Wɔde ne din ato kwan bi so wɔ Anaji ( wɔTakoradi )

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>3qels1wtxrcmor21gpbyijnjdni0gor</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199627</id>
      <parentid>199626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:18:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>refrence</comment>
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      <text bytes="3092" sha1="jjkbsesds4aictrvr5u0a9u024333ng" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu.  Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ December a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==
C.K Mann to nnwom pii a na agye din, a ebi ne &quot;Adwoa Yankey&quot;, &quot;Asafo beesuon&quot;, &quot;Obaa yaa aye me bone&quot;, &quot;Kolomashie&quot;, &quot;Dofo bi akyerew me&quot;, &quot;Ankwasema dede&quot;, &quot;Okwan tsentsen awar&quot;, &quot;Aboa akonkoran&quot;, &quot;Beebi a odo wo&quot;, &quot;Tsie m'afotusem&quot;, &quot;Ebusua ape adze aye me&quot;, &quot;Yebeyi wo aye&quot;, ne &quot;Do me ma mondo wo bi&quot;. Ne nnwoma etwa to, Wope Nye Ho a West Gold Music Studio a ɛwɔ Takoradi na ɛyɛe na wɔyii no adi wɔ afe 2013 mu

== N'abasobodeɛ ==
Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Ɔmanpanin John Agyekum Kufour de Ghana Nnwom ho abasobɔde maa Mann. 7] Ɔkaa wɔn a wodii kan nyaa saa abasobɔde yi bere a wɔsakraa dwumadi no wɔ afe 2006 mu no ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Honours-Her-Heroes-Heroines-106746 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/100967/ghana-honours-her-heroes-heroines.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔde ne din ato kwan bi so wɔ Anaji ( wɔTakoradi )&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title='C.K Mann Is Back To Revive Highlife Music' |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/21918/ck-mann-is-back-to-revive-highlife-music.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>jjkbsesds4aictrvr5u0a9u024333ng</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199628</id>
      <parentid>199627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:23:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* N'abasobodeɛ */</comment>
      <origin>199628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3323" sha1="ra3mo7bbqfpvp54mcqetb0buwl9j10g" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a Ghanani highlife dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ Cape Coast a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band. 

Bere a ɔtee Ghana nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana's Highlife Music Collection : C.K. Mann |url=https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2274 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Ɔpɛnimma ne da a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==
C.K Mann to nnwom pii a na agye din, a ebi ne &quot;Adwoa Yankey&quot;, &quot;Asafo beesuon&quot;, &quot;Obaa yaa aye me bone&quot;, &quot;Kolomashie&quot;, &quot;Dofo bi akyerew me&quot;, &quot;Ankwasema dede&quot;, &quot;Okwan tsentsen awar&quot;, &quot;Aboa akonkoran&quot;, &quot;Beebi a odo wo&quot;, &quot;Tsie m'afotusem&quot;, &quot;Ebusua ape adze aye me&quot;, &quot;Yebeyi wo aye&quot;, ne &quot;Do me ma mondo wo bi&quot;. Ne nnwoma etwa to, Wope Nye Ho a West Gold Music Studio a ɛwɔ Takoradi na ɛyɛe na wɔyii no adi wɔ afe 2013 mu

== N'abasobodeɛ ==
Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Ɔmanpanin John Agyekum Kufour de Ghana Nnwom ho abasobɔde maa C.K Mann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Ɔkaa wɔn a wodii kan nyaa saa abasobɔde yi bere a wɔsakraa dwumadi no wɔ afe 2006 mu no ho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Honours-Her-Heroes-Heroines-106746 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/100967/ghana-honours-her-heroes-heroines.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔde ne din ato kwan bi so wɔ Anaji ( wɔTakoradi )&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title='C.K Mann Is Back To Revive Highlife Music' |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/21918/ck-mann-is-back-to-revive-highlife-music.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>ra3mo7bbqfpvp54mcqetb0buwl9j10g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199629</id>
      <parentid>199628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T12:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199629</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3818" sha1="er1sygdtepig4ghx0ehhx0h23tbiha7" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ghanaian highlife musician}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = Charles Kofi Mann
| honorific_suffix =
| image            =
| image_upright    =
| image_size       =
| landscape        = &lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       = Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann
| birth_date       = 1936
| alias            = C. K. Mann
| birth_place      = Cape Coast
| death_date       = March 20, 2018 (aged 81–82)
| death_place      = Takoradi
| genre            = [[Highlife]]
| years_active     = 1960–2013
| label            =
}}
'''Charles Kofi Amankwaa Mann''' (1936 – [[Ɔbɛnem]] 20, 2018), a ɔsan frɛ no C. K. Mann, na ɔy3 a [[Ghana Amammerɛ|Ghanani]] [[highlife]] dwontoni ne dwontwerɛfoɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=The Late C. K. Mann, ‘Highlife Master’, ‘Osodehene’: A True Ghanaian Original. |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/843704/the-late-c-k-mann-highlife-master-osodehene-a-true.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Abrabo ne Adwuma ==
Wɔwoo C. K.  Mann wɔ afe 1936 mu wɔ [[Cape Coast|Cape Coas]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;t a ɛwɔ Ghana mfinimfini mantam mu. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma kakra sɛ po so hyɛnkafo ansa na ɔreba Moses Kweku Oppong's Kakaiku band.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=C.K. Mann Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio &amp; More {{!}}... |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ck-mann-mn0001791198 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bere a ɔtee [[Ghana]] nnwom no, ɔde ne ho bɔɔ Ocean Strings na odii nnwom kuo no anim kosii afe 1965. Bere a kuw no gyaee adwuma no, ɔde ne ho kɔkaa kuw foforo bi a na wɔato din The Carousel 7 wɔ Takoradi. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a wagye din wɔ afe 1969 mu bere a ɔyii &quot;Edina Benya&quot; no. Ɔno na ɔhyɛɛ Anis Mubarak a na ɔyɛ nnwontofo kuw no wura no nkuran ma ɔde Paapa Yankson baa nnwontofo kuw no mu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana's Highlife Music Collection : C.K. Mann |url=https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2274 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mann de atɔe fam nnwom bi kaa Osode, Ghana mpataafo nnwom a na wɔto no ho&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

C.K Mann wui wɔ Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GHAPOHA) ayaresabea a ɛwɔ Takoradi wɔ Ɔbɛnem 20, 2018, bere a yare bi a wɔnkyerɛ mu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Ɔpɛnimma ne da a edii kan no mu.

== Ne Nnwom ==
C.K Mann to nnwom pii a na agye din, a ebi ne &quot;Adwoa Yankey&quot;, &quot;Asafo beesuon&quot;, &quot;Obaa yaa aye me bone&quot;, &quot;Kolomashie&quot;, &quot;Dofo bi akyerew me&quot;, &quot;Ankwasema dede&quot;, &quot;Okwan tsentsen awar&quot;, &quot;Aboa akonkoran&quot;, &quot;Beebi a odo wo&quot;, &quot;Tsie m'afotusem&quot;, &quot;Ebusua ape adze aye me&quot;, &quot;Yebeyi wo aye&quot;, ne &quot;Do me ma mondo wo bi&quot;. Ne nnwoma etwa to, Wope Nye Ho a West Gold Music Studio a ɛwɔ Takoradi na ɛyɛe na wɔyii no adi wɔ afe 2013 mu

== N'abasobodeɛ ==
Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Ɔmanpanin [[John Agyekum Kufour]] de Ghana Nnwom ho abasobɔde maa C.K Mann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Ɔkaa wɔn a wodii kan nyaa saa abasobɔde yi bere a wɔsakraa dwumadi no wɔ afe 2006 mu no ho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Honours-Her-Heroes-Heroines-106746 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ghana Honours Her Heroes, Heroines |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/100967/ghana-honours-her-heroes-heroines.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔde ne din ato kwan bi so wɔ Anaji ( wɔ [[Takoradi]] )&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title='C.K Mann Is Back To Revive Highlife Music' |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/21918/ck-mann-is-back-to-revive-highlife-music.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[category:Dwontoni]]
[[category:Highlife dwontoni]]
[[category:Ghana adwontofoɔ]]</text>
      <sha1>er1sygdtepig4ghx0ehhx0h23tbiha7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gyedu-Blay Ambolley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199642</id>
      <parentid>199607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T14:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nana Sintim</username>
        <id>11223</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mede atwerɛ bi aka ho</comment>
      <origin>199642</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12117" sha1="s0cgxbjorlh2p3iyb42hsd6whk1skm7" xml:space="preserve">{{Dialect|Asante}} 
'''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley''' yɛ Ghanani highlife dwontoni, dwontwerɛni,dwomyɛni ne dwontoni. Dwontoni a ɔdi kan a ɔfiri Ghana a ɔde rap wuraa Ghana dwomtoɔ mu, Ambolley yɛɛ dwom Simigwa. 

{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley
| image            = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley on sax.jpg
| caption          = 
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = {{birth year and age|1947}}
| birth_place      = 
| origin           = [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Ghana]]&lt;br&gt;[[Los Angeles]], United States
| genre            = {{hlist|[[Highlife]]|[[Afrobeat]]|[[Afro pop music|Afropop]]|[[jazz]]}}
| occupation       = {{hlist|Saxophonist|bass guitarist|guitarist|composer|percussionist|singer|band leader|arranger|record producer|}}
| years_active     = Early 1970s–present&lt;ref name=&quot;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager&quot;&gt;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager  [http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1122589/2010/08/31/Rappen-Dat-deed-Ambolley-al-in-1973.dhtml Rappen? Dat deed Ambolley al in 1973]. {{in lang|nl}}  August 31, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nick Dwyer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/gyedu-blay-ambolley-living-the-highlife|title=Red Bull Music Academy|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| label            = {{blist|Essiebons Records&lt;ref name=&quot;Essiebons Records&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clear-spot.nl/item/424365/honny_the_bees_band_gyedu_blay_ambolly_the_steneboofs_psychedelic_woman_.html|title=CLEAR SPOT|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Wea International&lt;ref name=&quot;discogs.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Gyedu-Blay-Ambolley-Ambolley/master/945796|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley - Ambolley|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Dix Records|Simigwa}}|
}}
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley dwontoɔ hyɛɛ asɛ firii Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana, ɛhɔ na wɔkyerɛɛ no abibi nnwom wɔ ne mmɔfra ase. Ne dwontoɔ sua hyɛɛ aseɛ berɛ a na ɔwɔ mfeɛ du-nnan ɛnna  ɔsuaa n'atenetene firii n'agya ne deɛ ɔsuaa firii afoforɔ bi te sɛ Sammy Lartey ne Ebo Taylor. Ambolley yieyɔ hyaaseɛ firii ne dwom ɔde baeɛ a yɛfrɛ no &quot;Simigwa-Do&quot; wɔ afe 1973 a wɔkaa sɛ Ghana dwom a wɔde kasahare baa mu. Wei maa highlife dwom nyaa animuonyam na ɛnam so maa no nyaa abɔdin sɛ highlife dwom mu papa.  Ambolley's nnwom tra kɔɔ aman afoforɔ so maa ɔkɔdii dwuma ne titire ne London ne aman nkae a ɔkyerɛɛ ne tumi a ɔwɔ wɔ dwom so. Wɔakae n'adwuma maa ɔnyaa abasobɔ firii Philadelphia a na ɛrekyerɛ sɛdeɛ woanya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ Ghana dwontoɔ mu wɔ US. Adwuma a Ambolley bɛyɛɛ no da so hyɛ afoforɔ nkoran sɛ ɔda so yɛ highlife dwontoɔ mu nipa titire.

== Abrabɔ ahyaseɛ ne nwomasua ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was born on March 11, 1947, in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. From a young age, he was exposed to a diverse range of musical influences, including traditional Ghanaian music, highlife, jazz, and funk.

This early exposure sparked his passion for music and set the foundation for his future career.

He is a versatile and irrepressiblesinger/songwriter/producer, who is credited by some to be the originator of afro rap.He exploded on the music scene with a jazzy highlife sounds called Simigwa-Do.

His interest in music dates back to age eight, when he began playing with his father's flute until he was able to teach himself how to play. His formal musical training came at the age of fourteen.The young music enthusiast continued to learn the rudiments of music from the late Sammy Lartey and Ebo Taylor.

Ambolley spent a great part of his day listening to records of musicians living in the United States.He contributes his free style of singing to such mentors as James Brown, Ray Charles, and Sam Cook.

During the sixties, the young aspiring musician was excitingly impressed with the music her heard on the popular radio show, &quot;Voice of America Jazz Hour.His name has become synonymous with Simigwa music and dance since his first hit single was released in 1973.

Since that hit, he has lead many bands including his own in 1979-80. His talent was not limited to Ghana; he was invited to London where he performed to â€˜standing room onlyâ€™ crowds. Having experienced success in his own country, as well as London, it was time for the ambitious musician to test his musical abilities elsewhere.

In 1988, Ambolley left Ghana for New York. Ambolley has toured throughout West Africa, Europe, Canada,and the United States.He has performed on the same stage with some of the worlds most celebrated artists, such as Miriam Makeba, the late Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, George Howard, Angela Bofill, Norman Connors, Manu DeBango, Lakeside, Chikuzan Takahashi, Ricardo Estrada of Cuba, Mayuto Correa of Brazil. He also toured Ghana with Oscar Brashear and Michael Session.

Because of his originality, his performances have left audiences raving and shouting for more, as was the case at the world famous Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. He has played the House of Blues in Hollywood, is a frequent performer at the Jazz Bakery in California and has played to &quot;standing room only&quot; crowds in London, England.

Ambolley has over 17 albums to his credit and has received numerous musical awards. In October of 2003 he was prestigiously recognized for his commitment to his musical craft with a &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award&quot; by Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles.

Additionally he received a Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition by Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald. Also L.A.Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artists in 2003. In 2007, he released a 14 track album, The Next Generation, after a 17 year hiatus.

It featured remixes of his old hits as well as some new songs.He has been crowned Simigwahene by the Omanhene of Esekado Traditional Area, Nana Kwabena Nketia.[https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Gyadu-Blay-Ambolley-154]

== Nnwom Ahodoɔ ==
Ne nnwom no bi na ɛdidi soɔ yi::

* Abrentsie
* Adwoa Ammisah
* Simigwa-Do
* Teacher
* Bend Down Low
* Blay Ambolley &quot;Afrika Yie&quot;
* Ignorance
* Black Woman
* Amponsah
* Edey Walk
* Akoko Ba
* Si Abotar
* I No Dey Talk I Do Dey Lie
* Yekor Ye A Yeaba
* Ketan
* Sankumagye-Love Life
* Adwuma
* A Love Supreme
* Walk 4 Ground
* Su Nkwa
* Ma Play
* Simigwa Soca
* Let's Be Happy (Disco Mix)
* I Get Myself To Blame
* I Don't Know Why
* Wake Up Afrika
* Kwaakwa
* Who Made Your Body Like Dat
* Brokos
* The Message
* Cut Your Coat
* Toffie (Remastered)
* All Blues
* Little Small Girl
* It's Alright
* Odo Ye Wu
* Enyidado
* U Like Or U No Like
* Footprints
* Fa Na Dem Ara
* Woman Treatment
* Asamansudo Groove
* Burkina Faso
* Round Midnite
* Ochoko Bila
* Control
* 'Cause I Love You
* Mercy Kae Dabi
* O Maame O Papa
* Afrika Yie (Remix)
* Who Go Pay
* New Simi Rapp
* I Love You Girl
* African Woman
* Ehuruwa

== N'abɔm ==
Ambolley abɔm a ɔyɛɛ no bi nie:

* '''Simigwa''' (1975)
* '''Ambolley''' (1982, 1999)
* '''Apple''' (1986)
* '''Party Time / Bend Down Low''' (1988–1989)
* '''Son of Ghana''' (1996)
* '''The Sekondi Man''' (1997)
* '''Afrikan Jaazz: A New Sound in Town''' (2001)
* '''Hi-Life Jazz in America''' (2009)
* '''Sekunde''' (2009, 2015)
* '''Ketan''' (2017)
* '''11th Street, Sekondi''' (2019)
* '''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley and Hi-Life Jazz''' (2022)
* '''Wake Up Afrika''' (2025)

== N'adwuma ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was rather unknown outside of West Africa until [[:en:Soundway_Records|Soundway Records]] included his seminal Simigwa-Do,&lt;ref name=&quot;african dream long bio&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Nikansah|first1=Rexford|title=Gyedu Blay-Ambolley on Simigwado and highlife history|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/gyedu-blay-ambolley-talks-highlife/|accessdate=15 June 2016|work=The African Dream|date=18 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which Ambolley released in 1973, on their first anthology, ''Ghana Soundz''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last= |title=Various Artists - Ghana Soundz: Afro-Beat, Funk &amp; Fusion in 70's Ghana. Soundway Records. |date=27 January 2017 |url=https://soundwayrecords.com/release/156146-various-artists-ghana-soundz-afro-beat-funk-fusion-in-70s-ghana |publisher=Soundway Records |access-date=16 March 2026 |first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambolley's sound has led many to label him the godfather of [[:en:Hiplife|hiplife]], the fusion of hip hop and highlife idioms. Ambolley stood aside AL Threats at the Playboy Jazz Festival in Los Angeles. His song &quot;Simigua-do&quot; is considered the first Ghanaian version of previously introduced American rap in the world released in 1973. Ambolley, Sammy Lartey and [[:en:Ebo_Taylor|Ebo Taylor]] are the few musicians who envisioned a future for [[:en:High-life|high-life]] music in the late 60s and early 70s and helped transform the genre fusing [[:en:High-life|high-life]], [[:en:Funk|funk]] and [[:en:Jazz|jazz]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/west-africa-blay-ambolley-by-aaj-staff.php|title=West Africa: Blay Ambolley|first=|last=|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=20 May 2004|website=All About Jazz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/8768/ambolley-releases-hi-life-jazz.html|title=Ambolley Releases Hi-Life Jazz|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=18 February 2009|website=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; music.

== Abasobɔ ==
Wɔ bosome Ayɛwohomɔmɔ 2015 mu no, Ambolley nyaa abasobɔ firii US City Council of Philadelphia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/ambolley-attends-odunde/|title=Ambolley Attends &quot;Odunde&quot; in Philadelphia USA|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2026|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=26 March 2021|website=The African Dream}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbaapanin Onimuonyamfoɔ Jannie Blackwell a ɔda ekuo yi ano ne Onimuonyamgoɔ Stanley J. Staughter na ɔkenkaneɛ sɛ nkae sɛ wayɛ adwuma aboa apɛgya Ghana dwontoɔ a ɛwɔ US.

== Abasobɔ ahodoɔ a ɔnyae ==

* Most Consistent Artist — Ghana (1980)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/tools/printnews/news.php?contentid=45850|title=Peace FM Online ::: Print News|publisher=}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Album and Song of the Year — Ghana (1990)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Trend Music Awards — Ivory Coast (1997)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Africa-American History Award — MWEPC, Los Angeles, CA (2001)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Afrikan Music Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Malcolm X Music Festival Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Lifetime Achievement Award — The Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley {{!}}  Grooveshark - Free Music Streaming|first=|last=Jodacame|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|website=Grooveshark|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214248/http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|archive-date=10 February 2017|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition — Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald  (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radioafrika.over-blog.com/2014/04/femua-2014-gyedu-blay-ambolley.html|title=FEMUA 2014: Gyedu-Blay Ambolley - RADIO AFRIKA|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=2 April 2014|website=Radio Afrika|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 &amp; Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 L.A. Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artist in 2003&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/la-weekly-music-awards-2003-2136440|title=L.A. Weekly Music Awards 2003|first=John|last=Payne|date=22 May 2003|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2004&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/lawma-2004-2138312|title=LAWMA 2004|first=John|last=Payne|date=27 May 2004|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==</text>
      <sha1>s0cgxbjorlh2p3iyb42hsd6whk1skm7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199644</id>
      <parentid>199642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T14:37:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nana Sintim</username>
        <id>11223</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mede atwerɛ no bi kaa ho ne haperlink</comment>
      <origin>199644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="12141" sha1="of2mcx0v25gvd0y9h7t1ktytp9c7em0" xml:space="preserve">{{Dialect|Asante}} 
'''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley''' yɛ Ghanani highlife dwontoni, dwontwerɛni,dwomyɛni ne dwontoni. Dwontoni a ɔdi kan a ɔfiri Ghana a ɔde rap wuraa Ghana dwomtoɔ mu, Ambolley yɛɛ dwom Simigwa. 

{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley
| image            = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley on sax.jpg
| caption          = 
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = {{birth year and age|1947}}
| birth_place      = 
| origin           = [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Ghana]]&lt;br&gt;[[Los Angeles]], United States
| genre            = {{hlist|[[Highlife]]|[[Afrobeat]]|[[Afro pop music|Afropop]]|[[jazz]]}}
| occupation       = {{hlist|Saxophonist|bass guitarist|guitarist|composer|percussionist|singer|band leader|arranger|record producer|}}
| years_active     = Early 1970s–present&lt;ref name=&quot;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager&quot;&gt;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager  [http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1122589/2010/08/31/Rappen-Dat-deed-Ambolley-al-in-1973.dhtml Rappen? Dat deed Ambolley al in 1973]. {{in lang|nl}}  August 31, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nick Dwyer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/gyedu-blay-ambolley-living-the-highlife|title=Red Bull Music Academy|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| label            = {{blist|Essiebons Records&lt;ref name=&quot;Essiebons Records&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clear-spot.nl/item/424365/honny_the_bees_band_gyedu_blay_ambolly_the_steneboofs_psychedelic_woman_.html|title=CLEAR SPOT|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Wea International&lt;ref name=&quot;discogs.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Gyedu-Blay-Ambolley-Ambolley/master/945796|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley - Ambolley|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Dix Records|Simigwa}}|
}}
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley dwontoɔ hyɛɛ asɛ firii Sekondi-Takoradi, [[Gaana|Ghana]], ɛhɔ na wɔkyerɛɛ no abibi nnwom wɔ ne mmɔfra ase. Ne dwontoɔ sua hyɛɛ aseɛ berɛ a na ɔwɔ mfeɛ du-nnan ɛnna  ɔsuaa n'atenetene firii n'agya ne deɛ ɔsuaa firii afoforɔ bi te sɛ Sammy Lartey ne Ebo Taylor. Ambolley yieyɔ hyaaseɛ firii ne dwom ɔde baeɛ a yɛfrɛ no &quot;Simigwa-Do&quot; wɔ afe 1973 a wɔkaa sɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]] dwom a wɔde kasahare baa mu. Wei maa highlife dwom nyaa animuonyam na ɛnam so maa no nyaa abɔdin sɛ highlife [[dwom]] mu papa.  Ambolley's nnwom tra kɔɔ aman afoforɔ so maa ɔkɔdii dwuma ne titire ne London ne aman nkae a ɔkyerɛɛ ne tumi a ɔwɔ wɔ dwom so. Wɔakae n'adwuma maa ɔnyaa abasobɔ firii Philadelphia a na ɛrekyerɛ sɛdeɛ woanya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ Ghana dwontoɔ mu wɔ US. Adwuma a Ambolley bɛyɛɛ no da so hyɛ afoforɔ nkoran sɛ ɔda so yɛ highlife dwontoɔ mu nipa titire.

== Abrabɔ ahyaseɛ ne nwomasua ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was born on March 11, 1947, in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. From a young age, he was exposed to a diverse range of musical influences, including traditional Ghanaian music, highlife, jazz, and funk.

This early exposure sparked his passion for music and set the foundation for his future career.

He is a versatile and irrepressiblesinger/songwriter/producer, who is credited by some to be the originator of afro rap.He exploded on the music scene with a jazzy highlife sounds called Simigwa-Do.

His interest in music dates back to age eight, when he began playing with his father's flute until he was able to teach himself how to play. His formal musical training came at the age of fourteen.The young music enthusiast continued to learn the rudiments of music from the late Sammy Lartey and Ebo Taylor.

Ambolley spent a great part of his day listening to records of musicians living in the United States.He contributes his free style of singing to such mentors as James Brown, Ray Charles, and Sam Cook.

During the sixties, the young aspiring musician was excitingly impressed with the music her heard on the popular radio show, &quot;Voice of America Jazz Hour.His name has become synonymous with Simigwa music and dance since his first hit single was released in 1973.

Since that hit, he has lead many bands including his own in 1979-80. His talent was not limited to Ghana; he was invited to London where he performed to â€˜standing room onlyâ€™ crowds. Having experienced success in his own country, as well as London, it was time for the ambitious musician to test his musical abilities elsewhere.

In 1988, Ambolley left Ghana for New York. Ambolley has toured throughout West Africa, Europe, Canada,and the United States.He has performed on the same stage with some of the worlds most celebrated artists, such as Miriam Makeba, the late Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, George Howard, Angela Bofill, Norman Connors, Manu DeBango, Lakeside, Chikuzan Takahashi, Ricardo Estrada of Cuba, Mayuto Correa of Brazil. He also toured Ghana with Oscar Brashear and Michael Session.

Because of his originality, his performances have left audiences raving and shouting for more, as was the case at the world famous Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. He has played the House of Blues in Hollywood, is a frequent performer at the Jazz Bakery in California and has played to &quot;standing room only&quot; crowds in London, England.

Ambolley has over 17 albums to his credit and has received numerous musical awards. In October of 2003 he was prestigiously recognized for his commitment to his musical craft with a &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award&quot; by Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles.

Additionally he received a Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition by Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald. Also L.A.Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artists in 2003. In 2007, he released a 14 track album, The Next Generation, after a 17 year hiatus.

It featured remixes of his old hits as well as some new songs.He has been crowned Simigwahene by the Omanhene of Esekado Traditional Area, Nana Kwabena Nketia.[https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Gyadu-Blay-Ambolley-154]

== Nnwom Ahodoɔ ==
Ne nnwom no bi na ɛdidi soɔ yi::

* Abrentsie
* Adwoa Ammisah
* Simigwa-Do
* Teacher
* Bend Down Low
* Blay Ambolley &quot;Afrika Yie&quot;
* Ignorance
* Black Woman
* Amponsah
* Edey Walk
* Akoko Ba
* Si Abotar
* I No Dey Talk I Do Dey Lie
* Yekor Ye A Yeaba
* Ketan
* Sankumagye-Love Life
* Adwuma
* A Love Supreme
* Walk 4 Ground
* Su Nkwa
* Ma Play
* Simigwa Soca
* Let's Be Happy (Disco Mix)
* I Get Myself To Blame
* I Don't Know Why
* Wake Up Afrika
* Kwaakwa
* Who Made Your Body Like Dat
* Brokos
* The Message
* Cut Your Coat
* Toffie (Remastered)
* All Blues
* Little Small Girl
* It's Alright
* Odo Ye Wu
* Enyidado
* U Like Or U No Like
* Footprints
* Fa Na Dem Ara
* Woman Treatment
* Asamansudo Groove
* Burkina Faso
* Round Midnite
* Ochoko Bila
* Control
* 'Cause I Love You
* Mercy Kae Dabi
* O Maame O Papa
* Afrika Yie (Remix)
* Who Go Pay
* New Simi Rapp
* I Love You Girl
* African Woman
* Ehuruwa

== N'abɔm ==
Ambolley abɔm a ɔyɛɛ no bi nie:

* '''Simigwa''' (1975)
* '''Ambolley''' (1982, 1999)
* '''Apple''' (1986)
* '''Party Time / Bend Down Low''' (1988–1989)
* '''Son of Ghana''' (1996)
* '''The Sekondi Man''' (1997)
* '''Afrikan Jaazz: A New Sound in Town''' (2001)
* '''Hi-Life Jazz in America''' (2009)
* '''Sekunde''' (2009, 2015)
* '''Ketan''' (2017)
* '''11th Street, Sekondi''' (2019)
* '''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley and Hi-Life Jazz''' (2022)
* '''Wake Up Afrika''' (2025)

== N'adwuma ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was rather unknown outside of West Africa until [[:en:Soundway_Records|Soundway Records]] included his seminal Simigwa-Do,&lt;ref name=&quot;african dream long bio&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Nikansah|first1=Rexford|title=Gyedu Blay-Ambolley on Simigwado and highlife history|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/gyedu-blay-ambolley-talks-highlife/|accessdate=15 June 2016|work=The African Dream|date=18 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which Ambolley released in 1973, on their first anthology, ''Ghana Soundz''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last= |title=Various Artists - Ghana Soundz: Afro-Beat, Funk &amp; Fusion in 70's Ghana. Soundway Records. |date=27 January 2017 |url=https://soundwayrecords.com/release/156146-various-artists-ghana-soundz-afro-beat-funk-fusion-in-70s-ghana |publisher=Soundway Records |access-date=16 March 2026 |first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambolley's sound has led many to label him the godfather of [[:en:Hiplife|hiplife]], the fusion of hip hop and highlife idioms. Ambolley stood aside AL Threats at the Playboy Jazz Festival in Los Angeles. His song &quot;Simigua-do&quot; is considered the first Ghanaian version of previously introduced American rap in the world released in 1973. Ambolley, Sammy Lartey and [[:en:Ebo_Taylor|Ebo Taylor]] are the few musicians who envisioned a future for [[:en:High-life|high-life]] music in the late 60s and early 70s and helped transform the genre fusing [[:en:High-life|high-life]], [[:en:Funk|funk]] and [[:en:Jazz|jazz]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/west-africa-blay-ambolley-by-aaj-staff.php|title=West Africa: Blay Ambolley|first=|last=|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=20 May 2004|website=All About Jazz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/8768/ambolley-releases-hi-life-jazz.html|title=Ambolley Releases Hi-Life Jazz|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=18 February 2009|website=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; music.

== Abasobɔ ==
Wɔ bosome Ayɛwohomɔmɔ 2015 mu no, Ambolley nyaa abasobɔ firii US City Council of Philadelphia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/ambolley-attends-odunde/|title=Ambolley Attends &quot;Odunde&quot; in Philadelphia USA|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2026|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=26 March 2021|website=The African Dream}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbaapanin Onimuonyamfoɔ Jannie Blackwell a ɔda ekuo yi ano ne Onimuonyamgoɔ Stanley J. Staughter na ɔkenkaneɛ sɛ nkae sɛ wayɛ adwuma aboa apɛgya Ghana dwontoɔ a ɛwɔ US.

== Abasobɔ ahodoɔ a ɔnyae ==

* Most Consistent Artist — Ghana (1980)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/tools/printnews/news.php?contentid=45850|title=Peace FM Online ::: Print News|publisher=}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Album and Song of the Year — Ghana (1990)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Trend Music Awards — Ivory Coast (1997)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Africa-American History Award — MWEPC, Los Angeles, CA (2001)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Afrikan Music Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Malcolm X Music Festival Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Lifetime Achievement Award — The Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley {{!}}  Grooveshark - Free Music Streaming|first=|last=Jodacame|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|website=Grooveshark|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214248/http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|archive-date=10 February 2017|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition — Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald  (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radioafrika.over-blog.com/2014/04/femua-2014-gyedu-blay-ambolley.html|title=FEMUA 2014: Gyedu-Blay Ambolley - RADIO AFRIKA|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=2 April 2014|website=Radio Afrika|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 &amp; Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 L.A. Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artist in 2003&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/la-weekly-music-awards-2003-2136440|title=L.A. Weekly Music Awards 2003|first=John|last=Payne|date=22 May 2003|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2004&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/lawma-2004-2138312|title=LAWMA 2004|first=John|last=Payne|date=27 May 2004|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==</text>
      <sha1>of2mcx0v25gvd0y9h7t1ktytp9c7em0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199645</id>
      <parentid>199644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T14:48:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nana Sintim</username>
        <id>11223</id>
      </contributor>
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      <origin>199645</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12155" sha1="24akjlcwk9ghz1qvywmdcg95lmfllxq" xml:space="preserve">{{Dialect|Asante}} 
'''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley''' yɛ Ghanani highlife dwontoni, dwontwerɛni,dwomyɛni ne dwontoni. Dwontoni a ɔdi kan a ɔfiri Ghana a ɔde rap wuraa Ghana dwomtoɔ mu, Ambolley yɛɛ dwom Simigwa. 

{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley
| image            = Gyedu-Blay Ambolley on sax.jpg
| caption          = 
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = {{birth year and age|1947}}
| birth_place      = 
| origin           = [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Ghana]]&lt;br&gt;[[Los Angeles]], United States
| genre            = {{hlist|[[Highlife]]|[[Afrobeat]]|[[Afro pop music|Afropop]]|[[jazz]]}}
| occupation       = {{hlist|Saxophonist|bass guitarist|guitarist|composer|percussionist|singer|band leader|arranger|record producer|}}
| years_active     = Early 1970s–present&lt;ref name=&quot;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager&quot;&gt;Saskia Bosch, Belinda van de Graaf, Sandra Kooke, Peter van der Lint, Stan Rijven, Seije Slager  [http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1122589/2010/08/31/Rappen-Dat-deed-Ambolley-al-in-1973.dhtml Rappen? Dat deed Ambolley al in 1973]. {{in lang|nl}}  August 31, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nick Dwyer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/gyedu-blay-ambolley-living-the-highlife|title=Red Bull Music Academy|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| label            = {{blist|Essiebons Records&lt;ref name=&quot;Essiebons Records&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clear-spot.nl/item/424365/honny_the_bees_band_gyedu_blay_ambolly_the_steneboofs_psychedelic_woman_.html|title=CLEAR SPOT|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Wea International&lt;ref name=&quot;discogs.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Gyedu-Blay-Ambolley-Ambolley/master/945796|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley - Ambolley|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Dix Records|Simigwa}}|
}}
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley dwontoɔ hyɛɛ asɛ firii Sekondi-Takoradi, [[Gaana|Ghana]], ɛhɔ na wɔkyerɛɛ no abibi nnwom wɔ ne mmɔfra ase. Ne dwontoɔ sua hyɛɛ aseɛ berɛ a na ɔwɔ mfeɛ du-nnan ɛnna  ɔsuaa n'atenetene firii n'agya ne deɛ ɔsuaa firii afoforɔ bi te sɛ Sammy Lartey ne Ebo Taylor. Ambolley yieyɔ hyaaseɛ firii ne dwom ɔde baeɛ a yɛfrɛ no &quot;Simigwa-Do&quot; wɔ afe 1973 a wɔkaa sɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]] dwom a wɔde kasahare baa mu. Wei maa highlife dwom nyaa animuonyam na ɛnam so maa no nyaa abɔdin sɛ highlife [[dwom]] mu papa.  Ambolley's nnwom tra kɔɔ aman afoforɔ so maa ɔkɔdii dwuma ne titire ne London ne aman nkae a ɔkyerɛɛ ne tumi a ɔwɔ wɔ dwom so. Wɔakae n'adwuma maa ɔnyaa abasobɔ firii Philadelphia a na ɛrekyerɛ sɛdeɛ woanya nsunsuansoɔ wɔ Ghana dwontoɔ mu wɔ US. [[Adwumayɛ|Adwuma]] a Ambolley bɛyɛɛ no da so hyɛ afoforɔ nkoran sɛ ɔda so yɛ highlife dwontoɔ mu nipa titire.

== Abrabɔ ahyaseɛ ne nwomasua ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was born on March 11, 1947, in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. From a young age, he was exposed to a diverse range of musical influences, including traditional Ghanaian music, highlife, jazz, and funk.

This early exposure sparked his passion for music and set the foundation for his future career.

He is a versatile and irrepressiblesinger/songwriter/producer, who is credited by some to be the originator of afro rap.He exploded on the music scene with a jazzy highlife sounds called Simigwa-Do.

His interest in music dates back to age eight, when he began playing with his father's flute until he was able to teach himself how to play. His formal musical training came at the age of fourteen.The young music enthusiast continued to learn the rudiments of music from the late Sammy Lartey and Ebo Taylor.

Ambolley spent a great part of his day listening to records of musicians living in the United States.He contributes his free style of singing to such mentors as James Brown, Ray Charles, and Sam Cook.

During the sixties, the young aspiring musician was excitingly impressed with the music her heard on the popular radio show, &quot;Voice of America Jazz Hour.His name has become synonymous with Simigwa music and dance since his first hit single was released in 1973.

Since that hit, he has lead many bands including his own in 1979-80. His talent was not limited to Ghana; he was invited to London where he performed to â€˜standing room onlyâ€™ crowds. Having experienced success in his own country, as well as London, it was time for the ambitious musician to test his musical abilities elsewhere.

In 1988, Ambolley left Ghana for New York. Ambolley has toured throughout West Africa, Europe, Canada,and the United States.He has performed on the same stage with some of the worlds most celebrated artists, such as Miriam Makeba, the late Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, George Howard, Angela Bofill, Norman Connors, Manu DeBango, Lakeside, Chikuzan Takahashi, Ricardo Estrada of Cuba, Mayuto Correa of Brazil. He also toured Ghana with Oscar Brashear and Michael Session.

Because of his originality, his performances have left audiences raving and shouting for more, as was the case at the world famous Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. He has played the House of Blues in Hollywood, is a frequent performer at the Jazz Bakery in California and has played to &quot;standing room only&quot; crowds in London, England.

Ambolley has over 17 albums to his credit and has received numerous musical awards. In October of 2003 he was prestigiously recognized for his commitment to his musical craft with a &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award&quot; by Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles.

Additionally he received a Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition by Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald. Also L.A.Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artists in 2003. In 2007, he released a 14 track album, The Next Generation, after a 17 year hiatus.

It featured remixes of his old hits as well as some new songs.He has been crowned Simigwahene by the Omanhene of Esekado Traditional Area, Nana Kwabena Nketia.[https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Gyadu-Blay-Ambolley-154]

== Nnwom Ahodoɔ ==
Ne nnwom no bi na ɛdidi soɔ yi::

* Abrentsie
* Adwoa Ammisah
* Simigwa-Do
* Teacher
* Bend Down Low
* Blay Ambolley &quot;Afrika Yie&quot;
* Ignorance
* Black Woman
* Amponsah
* Edey Walk
* Akoko Ba
* Si Abotar
* I No Dey Talk I Do Dey Lie
* Yekor Ye A Yeaba
* Ketan
* Sankumagye-Love Life
* Adwuma
* A Love Supreme
* Walk 4 Ground
* Su Nkwa
* Ma Play
* Simigwa Soca
* Let's Be Happy (Disco Mix)
* I Get Myself To Blame
* I Don't Know Why
* Wake Up Afrika
* Kwaakwa
* Who Made Your Body Like Dat
* Brokos
* The Message
* Cut Your Coat
* Toffie (Remastered)
* All Blues
* Little Small Girl
* It's Alright
* Odo Ye Wu
* Enyidado
* U Like Or U No Like
* Footprints
* Fa Na Dem Ara
* Woman Treatment
* Asamansudo Groove
* Burkina Faso
* Round Midnite
* Ochoko Bila
* Control
* 'Cause I Love You
* Mercy Kae Dabi
* O Maame O Papa
* Afrika Yie (Remix)
* Who Go Pay
* New Simi Rapp
* I Love You Girl
* African Woman
* Ehuruwa

== N'abɔm ==
Ambolley abɔm a ɔyɛɛ no bi nie:

* '''Simigwa''' (1975)
* '''Ambolley''' (1982, 1999)
* '''Apple''' (1986)
* '''Party Time / Bend Down Low''' (1988–1989)
* '''Son of Ghana''' (1996)
* '''The Sekondi Man''' (1997)
* '''Afrikan Jaazz: A New Sound in Town''' (2001)
* '''Hi-Life Jazz in America''' (2009)
* '''Sekunde''' (2009, 2015)
* '''Ketan''' (2017)
* '''11th Street, Sekondi''' (2019)
* '''Gyedu-Blay Ambolley and Hi-Life Jazz''' (2022)
* '''Wake Up Afrika''' (2025)

== N'adwuma ==
Gyedu-Blay Ambolley was rather unknown outside of West Africa until [[:en:Soundway_Records|Soundway Records]] included his seminal Simigwa-Do,&lt;ref name=&quot;african dream long bio&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Nikansah|first1=Rexford|title=Gyedu Blay-Ambolley on Simigwado and highlife history|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/gyedu-blay-ambolley-talks-highlife/|accessdate=15 June 2016|work=The African Dream|date=18 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which Ambolley released in 1973, on their first anthology, ''Ghana Soundz''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last= |title=Various Artists - Ghana Soundz: Afro-Beat, Funk &amp; Fusion in 70's Ghana. Soundway Records. |date=27 January 2017 |url=https://soundwayrecords.com/release/156146-various-artists-ghana-soundz-afro-beat-funk-fusion-in-70s-ghana |publisher=Soundway Records |access-date=16 March 2026 |first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambolley's sound has led many to label him the godfather of [[:en:Hiplife|hiplife]], the fusion of hip hop and highlife idioms. Ambolley stood aside AL Threats at the Playboy Jazz Festival in Los Angeles. His song &quot;Simigua-do&quot; is considered the first Ghanaian version of previously introduced American rap in the world released in 1973. Ambolley, Sammy Lartey and [[:en:Ebo_Taylor|Ebo Taylor]] are the few musicians who envisioned a future for [[:en:High-life|high-life]] music in the late 60s and early 70s and helped transform the genre fusing [[:en:High-life|high-life]], [[:en:Funk|funk]] and [[:en:Jazz|jazz]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/west-africa-blay-ambolley-by-aaj-staff.php|title=West Africa: Blay Ambolley|first=|last=|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=20 May 2004|website=All About Jazz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/8768/ambolley-releases-hi-life-jazz.html|title=Ambolley Releases Hi-Life Jazz|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=18 February 2009|website=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; music.

== Abasobɔ ==
Wɔ bosome Ayɛwohomɔmɔ 2015 mu no, Ambolley nyaa abasobɔ firii US City Council of Philadelphia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theafricandream.net/ambolley-attends-odunde/|title=Ambolley Attends &quot;Odunde&quot; in Philadelphia USA|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2026|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=26 March 2021|website=The African Dream}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbaapanin Onimuonyamfoɔ Jannie Blackwell a ɔda ekuo yi ano ne Onimuonyamgoɔ Stanley J. Staughter na ɔkenkaneɛ sɛ nkae sɛ wayɛ adwuma aboa apɛgya Ghana dwontoɔ a ɛwɔ US.

== Abasobɔ ahodoɔ a ɔnyae ==

* Most Consistent Artist — Ghana (1980)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/tools/printnews/news.php?contentid=45850|title=Peace FM Online ::: Print News|publisher=}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Album and Song of the Year — Ghana (1990)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Trend Music Awards — Ivory Coast (1997)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Africa-American History Award — MWEPC, Los Angeles, CA (2001)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Afrikan Music Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Malcolm X Music Festival Award — Los Angeles, CA (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;peacefmonline.com&quot; /&gt;
* Lifetime Achievement Award — The Jazz at Drew from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|title=Gyedu Blay Ambolley {{!}}  Grooveshark - Free Music Streaming|first=|last=Jodacame|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|website=Grooveshark|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214248/http://groovesharks.org/artist/Gyedu%20Blay%20Ambolley|archive-date=10 February 2017|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Congressional, Gubernatorial Certificate of Special Recognition — Congresswoman Juanita Millinder McDonald  (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radioafrika.over-blog.com/2014/04/femua-2014-gyedu-blay-ambolley.html|title=FEMUA 2014: Gyedu-Blay Ambolley - RADIO AFRIKA|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016|date=2 April 2014|website=Radio Afrika|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 &amp; Best World Beat Recombinant Artist 2003 L.A. Weekly nominated Ambolley for Best World Beat Recombinant Artist in 2003&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/la-weekly-music-awards-2003-2136440|title=L.A. Weekly Music Awards 2003|first=John|last=Payne|date=22 May 2003|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2004&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/lawma-2004-2138312|title=LAWMA 2004|first=John|last=Payne|date=27 May 2004|publisher=|accessdate=5 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}    

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu. 


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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù  ⁇ , a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.
 

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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        <id>18288</id>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù  ⁇ , a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. 21][22] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no.


== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù  ⁇ , a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. 21][22] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no. 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. 24] Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ. 4] Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ. 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 cm (5.1 in) a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 cm (2.8 in). Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23 ⁇ 38 cm (9.1 ⁇ 15.0 in) na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 cm (3.9 ne 7.1 in). Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma


== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù  ⁇ , a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. 21][22] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no. 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. 24] Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ. 4] Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ. 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 cm (5.1 in) a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 cm (2.8 in). Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23 ⁇ 38 cm (9.1 ⁇ 15.0 in) na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 cm (3.9 ne 7.1 in). Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ Senegal, Gambia, atɔe fam Mali, ne Guinea no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu. `

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-15T17:16:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>18288</id>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots[1] de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman[2][3] ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu).[ 6] Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔtaa) [1] [2] ne Naoudourou ɔko no, [3] baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam. 13][14] Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).[ 15] Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù  ⁇ , a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. 21][22] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no. 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. 24] Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ. 4] Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ. 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 cm (5.1 in) a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 cm (2.8 in). Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23 ⁇ 38 cm (9.1 ⁇ 15.0 in) na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 cm (3.9 ne 7.1 in). Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ Senegal, Gambia, atɔe fam Mali, ne Guinea no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu. `

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ Cameroon hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.     

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. 21][22] Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no. 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. 24] Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ. 4] Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ. 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 cm (5.1 in) a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 cm (2.8 in). Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23 ⁇ 38 cm (9.1 ⁇ 15.0 in) na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 cm (3.9 ne 7.1 in). Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ Senegal, Gambia, atɔe fam Mali, ne Guinea no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu. `

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ Cameroon hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.          

[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Gangan]]                                        

[[File:Iya_Ilu_Dundun.png|thumb|Iya Ilu, Yoruba talking drum.]]          

[[File:The_talking_drum_wooden_frame.jpg|thumb|Wooden frames of talking drums]]     
[[File:Omele_Bata_drum.jpg|thumb|Batá]]

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te. 


Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no. 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no. 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ.  Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ. 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 Sɛntimita a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 Sɛntimita. Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23-38 Sɛntimita  na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 Sɛntimita. Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ [[Senegal]], [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]], atɔe fam [[Mali]], ne [[Guinea]] no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; `

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ [[Cameroon]] hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.          

[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Gangan]]                                        

[[File:Iya_Ilu_Dundun.png|thumb|Iya Ilu, Yoruba talking drum.]]          

[[File:The_talking_drum_wooden_frame.jpg|thumb|Wooden frames of talking drums]]     
[[File:Omele_Bata_drum.jpg|thumb|Batá]]

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Mikael Hård |title=Communicating and Trading in West Africa: Talking Drums and Pack Animals |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22813-1_3 |work=Microhistories of Technology |pages=43–70 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-22812-4 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 

Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ.  Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 Sɛntimita a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 Sɛntimita. Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23-38 Sɛntimita  na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 Sɛntimita. Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ [[Senegal]], [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]], atɔe fam [[Mali]], ne [[Guinea]] no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; `

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ [[Cameroon]] hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.          

[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Gangan]]                                        

[[File:Iya_Ilu_Dundun.png|thumb|Iya Ilu, Yoruba talking drum.]]          

[[File:The_talking_drum_wooden_frame.jpg|thumb|Wooden frames of talking drums]]     
[[File:Omele_Bata_drum.jpg|thumb|Batá]]

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ Cameroon atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, ne Hausa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Mikael Hård |title=Communicating and Trading in West Africa: Talking Drums and Pack Animals |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22813-1_3 |work=Microhistories of Technology |pages=43–70 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-22812-4 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne Gambia abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 

Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ.  Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 Sɛntimita a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 Sɛntimita. Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23-38 Sɛntimita  na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 Sɛntimita. Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=BBC Audio {{!}} The Forum {{!}} The talking drums of West Africa |url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/w3cswptb |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ [[Senegal]], [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]], atɔe fam [[Mali]], ne [[Guinea]] no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; `&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ [[Cameroon]] hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.          

[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Gangan]]                                        

[[File:Iya_Ilu_Dundun.png|thumb|Iya Ilu, Yoruba talking drum.]]          

[[File:The_talking_drum_wooden_frame.jpg|thumb|Wooden frames of talking drums]]     
[[File:Omele_Bata_drum.jpg|thumb|Batá]]

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ [[Cameroon]] atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, [[Djemila|Djerma]], Fulani, ne [[Hausa koko|Hausa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Mikael Hård |title=Communicating and Trading in West Africa: Talking Drums and Pack Animals |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22813-1_3 |work=Microhistories of Technology |pages=43–70 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-22812-4 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]] abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 

Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ.  Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi. 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 Sɛntimita a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 Sɛntimita. Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23-38 Sɛntimita  na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 Sɛntimita. Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=BBC Audio {{!}} The Forum {{!}} The talking drums of West Africa |url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/w3cswptb |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ [[Senegal]], [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]], atɔe fam [[Mali]], ne [[Guinea]] no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; `&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ [[Cameroon]] hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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'''Dondo''' anaa ('''Talking drum''') a ɛkasa yɛ sanku a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a efi Afrika Atɔe fam, wobetumi de adi dwuma sɛ ɔkasa a wɔde si ananmu denam ne nne ne ne nnyigyei a wɔbɛhwɛ so de asuasua nnipa kasa mu ɛnne ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Livia Gershon |title=How Does the West African Talking Drum Accurately Mimic Human Speech? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/ |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɛwɔ mpoma ti abien a wɔde aboa nhoma asɔw ano. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa bɔ no bere a wɔhyɛ obi nsa ase. Odwontofo no betumi de ne nsa ne ne nipadua ntam hama a ɔde twe no no ama no so atew.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Talking Drum |url=https://percussion.byu.edu/talking-drum |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 mu no, na wɔn a wɔto mpintin a wotumi kasa no de nnyigyei ka asɛm, te sɛ amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa afahyɛ ne ahyɛde ahorow ho, wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;          

[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Gangan]]                                        

[[File:Iya_Ilu_Dundun.png|thumb|Iya Ilu, Yoruba talking drum.]]          

[[File:The_talking_drum_wooden_frame.jpg|thumb|Wooden frames of talking drums]]     
[[File:Omele_Bata_drum.jpg|thumb|Batá]]

== Din a wɔde frɛ abɛn a ɛkasa sɛnea wɔn kasa anaa wɔn man te ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
|'''Kasa'''
|'''Din'''
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gánga
|}

== Abakɔsɛm ==
Abɛn a ɛkasa no yɛ nnwinnade a akyɛ paa a Afrika Atɔe fam griots&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Kassoumay - Instruments traditionnels de musique du Sénégal et de la Casamance |url=http://www.kassoumay.com/musique-senegal/instruments-senegal.html |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; de di dwuma, na wɔn ho abakɔsɛm wɔ Bonofo, Yorubafo, Ghana Ahemman&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Eva Lewin Richter Meyerowitz |title=The Akan of Ghana, Their Ancient Beliefs |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ExJPAQAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Faber &amp; Faber |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne Hausafo mu. Yorubafo a wɔwɔ Nigeria ne Benin anafo fam atɔe fam ne Dagombafo a wɔwɔ Ghana atifi fam no nyinaa anya nnwom a wɔto a wɔfrɛ no griot no bi a ɛyɛ den paa, a wɔto no wɔ sanku so&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Wɔayɛ mpopaho a wotumi kasa no ahorow pii, na wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ara. Ɛnkyɛ koraa na wɔn a wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛfa saa kwan yi so ayɛ biribi foforo bi, te sɛ Dunan ne Fontomfrom. 9] Saa adansi yi gyina hɔ ma nnɛyi Afrika Atɔe fam hye no so, gye sɛ [[Cameroon]] atifi fam ne Chad atɔe fam, ne mmeae a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no yɛ nnipa a wɔdɔɔso wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam aman a ɛbɛn wɔn no mu, te sɛ Kanuri, [[Djemila|Djerma]], Fulani, ne [[Hausa koko|Hausa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Mikael Hård |title=Communicating and Trading in West Africa: Talking Drums and Pack Animals |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22813-1_3 |work=Microhistories of Technology |pages=43–70 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-22812-4 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sererfo ===
Wɔ Senegal ne [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]] abakɔsɛm mu no, tama (wɔ Serer kasa mu) yɛ nnwom bi a na Sererfo &quot;Woong&quot; amammerɛ mu no (sɛnea Serer mmarimaa a wɔantwa wɔn twetia no yɛ wɔn asaw no), a wɔsan frɛ no &quot;Xaat&quot; (wɔ Serer kasa mu). 

Tama abɛn no wɔ Serer som mu ntease (a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na Ghana Ahemman no reba). &lt;blockquote&gt;Sɛ akokɔ bɔ a, Xaat no bɛhome na wada kosi sɛ wɔbɛtwa no twetia, sɛ wobu no sɛ obetumi asaw wɔ Woong no mu a, tam-tam anan atwa ne ho ahyia. Perngel, Odwammaa, Qiin ne Tama.

— Henry Gravrand&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Sɛ yɛhwɛ abakɔsɛm mu a, na wɔboro tama (sɛ Serer junjung) no wɔ mmere soronko bi mu, te sɛ akokoakoko mu, bere a na ahemfo no pɛ sɛ wɔkasa kyerɛ wɔn manfo no, ne bere a na Serer man mu no, na wɔfrɛ no martyrdom, te sɛ ɔsɛe a esii wɔ Tahompa (afeha a ɛto so 19 mu )  ne Naoudourou ɔko no, baabi a Serers a wɔadi nkogu no kunkum wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔadi wɔn so anaasɛ wɔbɛhyɛ wɔn ma wɔabɛsom Islam.  Sererfo som mu no, sɛ obi kunkum ne ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ odi Sererfo mmara a ɛne Jom (hwɛ Sererfo som).  Asɛmfua &quot;Jom&quot; kyerɛ &quot;anuonyam&quot; wɔ Serer kasa mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=The Nation |title=‘My life as an editor and gangan drummer’ |date=2016-04-09 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/life-editor-gangan-drummer/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Yorubafo ===

==== Ayangalu ====
Wogye di sɛ Ayangalu ne Yoruba sankubɔfo a odi kan. Bere a owui no, wɔsom no sɛ nyame, enti seesei wɔkan no wɔ Orishafo no mu. Yorubafo som akyidifo gye di sɛ ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔto sanku no nyinaa honhom, na sɛ ɔyɛ sankufo a ɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔto sanku yiye. Asɛmfua &quot;Ayan&quot; kyerɛ odumfo wɔ Yoruba kasa mu. Eyi nti na Yoruba abusua mu din bi wɔ Ayan, te sɛ Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde saa asɛm yi ka wɔn ho no yɛ Ayangalu ahintasɛm no ho ahwɛfo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mu no, abɛn a ɛkasa bɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal ne Fuji ne Jùjú nnwom a ɛwɔ Nigeria mu (ɛhɔ na wɔfrɛ no dù, a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde toto Dundun bass drum a ɛwɔ Mandéfo mu no ho).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔsan de abɛn a ɛkasa no di dwuma wɔ afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ ayeforohyia, ayiyɛ, ne ankorankoro dwumadi ahorow mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, Afrika nnwontofo akuw taa de di dwuma sɛ wɔn nnwom nnyigyei afã.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Sɛnea  Wɔfa So De Di Agoru ==
[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|sɛnea wɔde de di agoru]]


Wɔsesae bɔt no nnyigyei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ kasa. Wɔyɛ eyi denam tensile a wɔde to drumhead no so a wɔsakra so: wɔde tensile cord a edi nsɛ na ɛbɔ drumheads a ɛne wɔn ani nhyia no. Wɔkyekyere sanku no abɔso ne ne mparow ntam, enti sɛ wɔkyekyere sanku no so a, etumi yɛ den, na ɛma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no; wobetumi asesa sanku no nnyigyei bere koro mu ma etumi bɔ nnwom a ɛbɔ nnwom no. Enti otum no betumi akyerɛ sɛnea nnipa kasa yɛ den, ne sɛnea ɛbɔ kɔ akyiri, nanso entumi nkyerɛ sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ kasa mu te anaa sɛnea ɛnne nkyerɛwde foforo te.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 

Europafo huu sɛnea wɔtaa bɔ sanku a etumi kasa no wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fã a edi kan mu. Ná wotumi de nkrasɛm a emu da hɔ fi akuraa biako mu kɔ akuraa foforo mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ obi de ka pɔnkɔ mu. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, Roger T. Clarke a ɔyɛ ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo no hui sɛ &quot;nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gyina hɔ ma nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nsɛm a wɔtaa ka mu a ɛyɛ anwensɛm no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Afrika kasa bebree yɛ tonal; kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnne no ho hia paa wɔ asɛmfua bi nkyerɛase mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Yoruba kasa no wɔ nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa, a emu yɛ duru, emu yɛ duru, ne emu yɛ duru, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔto so wɔ Sol-fa no mu no. Wɔfrɛ no do, re, ne mi; na wɔde nnyigyei ahorow abiɛsa no mu nnyigyei ahorow di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ahorow. Dwumadi nhyehyɛe koro no ara a ɛfa nnyigyei atitiriw abiɛsa ne wɔn nnyigyei ahorow ho no fa sɛnea bɔre no kasa wɔ Yoruba nnwom ne amammerɛ mu no ho. Nanso, Serer kasa ne ne busuani Senegambian kasa ahorow no nni nnyigyei te sɛ Niger-Congo kasa ahorow a aka no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nsɛm a emu yɛ den a wɔmfa ɛnne nkyerɛwde anaa nkyerɛwde foforo biara nka ho, na mmom wɔde nne kɛkɛ na aka ho asɛm. John F. Carrington, wɔ ne nhoma The Talking Drums of Africa, a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1949 mu no, kyerɛkyerɛɛ sɛnea na Afrika abɛnbɔfo tumi de nsɛm a emu yɛ den di nkitaho wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a drummer no de nnyigyei a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no mmarima nnyigyei ne mmea nnyigyei a emu yɛ den di dwuma no, otumi de nsɛmfua ne nkakrankakra a etumi kɔ akyiri bɛboro kilomita 4 kɔsi 5 no di nkitaho. Ɛtumi gye bere tenten sen sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ asɛm bi mu, nanso na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛka atoyerɛnkyɛm anaa amanne bi a ɛrekɔ so ho asɛm akyerɛ nkuraase a ɛbɛn hɔ.  Ohui sɛ wɔde asɛmfua foforo bi ka asɛm tiawa biara a wɔbɔ wɔ abɛn no so no ho, na ɛno de, sɛ obi rekasa a, ɛremma asɛm no so, nanso ɛma abɛn no nnyigyei no nya biribi yɛ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri ==
Ɛsono sɛnea sanku no kɛse te wɔ mmusuakuw ahorow mu, nanso ne nyinaa di mfitiase nhyehyɛe koro no ara akyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Drum History - Talking Drums |url=https://talkingdrums.co.za/drum-history/ |work=Talking Drums |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tama a Serer, Wolof ne Mandinkafo ka ho no, ne kɛse yɛ ketewaa bi, na ne tenten yɛ 13 Sɛntimita a ne ti no tenten yɛ 7 Sɛntimita. Eyi ma ɛnne a ano yɛ den sen nea ɛwɔ dade a ɛte sɛ ɛno ara mu a etumi kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Yorubafo ne Dagombafo nso wɔ wɔn Lunna ne Dù Dùng ensembles a wɔn ano yɛ duru sen biara, a ne tenten yɛ 23-38 Sɛntimita  na ne ti no mu trɛw yɛ 10 ne 18 Sɛntimita. Wɔ Yoruba nnwontofo akuw a wɔto mpintin a wɔde kasa no mu no, wɔde mpintin akɛse yi ne mpintin nketewa a ɛte sɛ Tama, a wɔfrɛ no Gangan wɔ Yoruba kasa mu no bom yɛ adwuma&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

== Sɛnea wɔbɔ no ==
[[File:WIKI_LOVES_AFRICA_2016_HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb]]
Nnwom a wɔto no ne sɛnea wɔbɔ sanku no ne kasa biara mu nnyigyei ahorow di nsɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ sɛnea wɔbɔ nnwom mu wɔ mmeae a Fulani ne Mandefo dodow no ara te, ne mmeae a na wɔtaa bɔ nnwom wɔ apuei fam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=BBC Audio {{!}} The Forum {{!}} The talking drums of West Africa |url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/w3cswptb |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnwom a wɔto wɔ mmeae bi a ɛwɔ atɔe fam te sɛ [[Senegal]], [[Gambian Migrants Returned from Libya and the Mediterranean|Gambia]], atɔe fam [[Mali]], ne [[Guinea]] no yɛ nea wɔto no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔto no tiawa wɔ nnwom a wɔto no bere a wɔto nnwom no mu no, na ɛne kasa ahorow a wɔnte no wɔ hɔ no hyia. Eyi yɛ nkyerɛwde a wɔtaa te wɔ Mbalax nnwom a ɛwɔ Senegal no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Mbalax |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |work=Grove Music Online |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499 |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; `&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu no, na wɔde &quot;bɔre din&quot; ma onipa biara a wobetumi de akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm mu tẽẽ akyerɛ nnipa pɔtee bi. Nhwɛso ahorow a efi Bulufo a wɔwɔ [[Cameroon]] hɔ no bi ne &quot;Sɛ wohyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ mpo a, ɔdɔ ne ade koro pɛ no&quot; anaa &quot;Dua mu ɔbran kɛse no nni ba, ofie ɔbran no nni ba&quot;. Wɔn a wɔbobɔ sanku a wotumi kasa no de obi a wɔrebɛbɔ sanku no din ne nea ɔrebɔ sanku no din ne asɛm a wɔrebɛbɔ no na na ɛbɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi A Minya Mmoa Fi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Woyaya</title>
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      <id>199630</id>
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      <text bytes="1238" sha1="l2srihqlkpqagqyvqbnmtkwshi80m2q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Woyaya yɛ Ghana Afro-rock nnwontofo kuo Osibisa no nnwom a ɛtɔ so mmienu a woyii no adi wɔ afe 1971 wɔ MCA. Wɔsan yii no adi wɔ afe 2004 mu wɔ CD abien a wɔato din sɛ Osibisa a BGO Records de too gua.

== Nnwom no asɛmti ==
Ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa kyerɛw no Woyaya de, nanso edin a wɔde to dwom no so ankasa ne Wɔyaya (wɔ abobɔdin-o mu), a efi Ga kasa a wɔka wɔ Ga-Dangme man mu a ɛwɔ Ghana no mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ &quot;Yɛrekɔ&quot;. 

Art Garfunkel na ɔtoo dwom a edi kan no wɔ 1973 mu wɔ ne nnwom a edi kan a ɔno nko ara bɔe a wɔfrɛ no Angel Clare no so, na The 5th Dimension nso yɛɛ bi wɔ wɔn 1973 mu nnwom a wɔfrɛ no Living Together, Growing Together no so. &quot;Woyaya&quot; nso na wɔde dii dwuma sɛ Ghana television drama a na agye din Osofo Dadzie, a wɔkyekyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1972 ne 1981 ntam no. 

== Nnwom A Wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Ne Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;Beautiful Seven&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|6:42
|-
!2.
|&quot;Y Sharp&quot;
|Osibisa
|6:20
|-
!3.
|&quot;Spirits Up Above&quot;
|Roland Kirk
|7:18
|-
!4.
|&quot;Survival&quot;
|Tontoh, Osei
|6:07
|-
!5.
|&quot;Move On&quot;
|Richardson
|4:42
|-
!6.
|&quot;Rabiatu&quot;
|Amao
|5:07
|-
!7.
|&quot;Woyaya&quot;
|Amarfio
|4:28
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|40:44
|}</text>
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      <text bytes="1257" sha1="ohzey5lx43fklpfqyltfozxmw1l86gf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Woyaya yɛ Ghana Afro-rock nnwontofo kuo Osibisa no nnwom a ɛtɔ so mmienu a woyii no adi wɔ afe 1971 wɔ MCA. Wɔsan yii no adi wɔ afe 2004 mu wɔ CD abien a wɔato din sɛ Osibisa a BGO Records de too gua.

== Nnwom no asɛmti ==
Ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa kyerɛw no Woyaya de, nanso edin a wɔde to dwom no so ankasa ne Wɔyaya (wɔ abobɔdin-o mu), a efi Ga kasa a wɔka wɔ Ga-Dangme man mu a ɛwɔ Ghana no mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ &quot;Yɛrekɔ&quot;. 

Art Garfunkel na ɔtoo dwom a edi kan no wɔ 1973 mu wɔ ne nnwom a edi kan a ɔno nko ara bɔe a wɔfrɛ no Angel Clare no so, na The 5th Dimension nso yɛɛ bi wɔ wɔn 1973 mu nnwom a wɔfrɛ no Living Together, Growing Together no so. &quot;Woyaya&quot; nso na wɔde dii dwuma sɛ Ghana television drama a na agye din Osofo Dadzie, a wɔkyekyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1972 ne 1981 ntam no. 

== Nnwom A Wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Ne Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;Beautiful Seven&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|6:42
|-
!2.
|&quot;Y Sharp&quot;
|Osibisa
|6:20
|-
!3.
|&quot;Spirits Up Above&quot;
|Roland Kirk
|7:18
|-
!4.
|&quot;Survival&quot;
|Tontoh, Osei
|6:07
|-
!5.
|&quot;Move On&quot;
|Richardson
|4:42
|-
!6.
|&quot;Rabiatu&quot;
|Amao
|5:07
|-
!7.
|&quot;Woyaya&quot;
|Amarfio
|4:28
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|40:44
|}

== Adwumayɛfo ==</text>
      <sha1>ohzey5lx43fklpfqyltfozxmw1l86gf</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>199633</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Eric Afful</username>
        <id>18288</id>
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      <comment>/* Adwumayɛfo */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1880" sha1="0kwsekk4q0d938e1b78u35a5asjzw6w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Woyaya yɛ Ghana Afro-rock nnwontofo kuo Osibisa no nnwom a ɛtɔ so mmienu a woyii no adi wɔ afe 1971 wɔ MCA. Wɔsan yii no adi wɔ afe 2004 mu wɔ CD abien a wɔato din sɛ Osibisa a BGO Records de too gua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Lisa G |title=Woyaya |date=2016-09-19 |url=https://thebirdsings.com/woyaya/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom no asɛmti ==
Ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa kyerɛw no Woyaya de, nanso edin a wɔde to dwom no so ankasa ne Wɔyaya (wɔ abobɔdin-o mu), a efi Ga kasa a wɔka wɔ Ga-Dangme man mu a ɛwɔ Ghana no mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ &quot;Yɛrekɔ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book of Love – Woyaya |url=https://genius.com/Book-of-love-woyaya-lyrics |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Art Garfunkel na ɔtoo dwom a edi kan no wɔ 1973 mu wɔ ne nnwom a edi kan a ɔno nko ara bɔe a wɔfrɛ no Angel Clare no so, na The 5th Dimension nso yɛɛ bi wɔ wɔn 1973 mu nnwom a wɔfrɛ no Living Together, Growing Together no so. &quot;Woyaya&quot; nso na wɔde dii dwuma sɛ Ghana television drama a na agye din Osofo Dadzie, a wɔkyekyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1972 ne 1981 ntam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Christ Episcopal Church |title=We're Going |date=2020-04-11 |url=https://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/post/we-re-going |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=WOYAYA (WE ARE GOING) by Wiyaala |url=https://wiyaala.com/track/2393107/woyaya-we-are-going |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nnwom A Wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Ne Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;Beautiful Seven&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|6:42
|-
!2.
|&quot;Y Sharp&quot;
|Osibisa
|6:20
|-
!3.
|&quot;Spirits Up Above&quot;
|Roland Kirk
|7:18
|-
!4.
|&quot;Survival&quot;
|Tontoh, Osei
|6:07
|-
!5.
|&quot;Move On&quot;
|Richardson
|4:42
|-
!6.
|&quot;Rabiatu&quot;
|Amao
|5:07
|-
!7.
|&quot;Woyaya&quot;
|Amarfio
|4:28
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|40:44
|}

;
;

== Baabi A Menya Mmoa Fi ==

;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="1890" sha1="nxybuoo0rt1rd3fkpv3gu46iizwpgiy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Woyaya yɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]] Afro-rock nnwontofo kuo Osibisa no nnwom a ɛtɔ so mmienu a woyii no adi wɔ afe 1971 wɔ MCA. Wɔsan yii no adi wɔ afe 2004 mu wɔ CD abien a wɔato din sɛ Osibisa a BGO Records de too gua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Lisa G |title=Woyaya |date=2016-09-19 |url=https://thebirdsings.com/woyaya/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom no asɛmti ==
Ɛwom sɛ wɔtaa kyerɛw no Woyaya de, nanso edin a wɔde to dwom no so ankasa ne Wɔyaya (wɔ abobɔdin-o mu), a efi Ga kasa a wɔka wɔ Ga-Dangme man mu a ɛwɔ Ghana no mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ &quot;Yɛrekɔ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book of Love – Woyaya |url=https://genius.com/Book-of-love-woyaya-lyrics |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Art Garfunkel na ɔtoo dwom a edi kan no wɔ 1973 mu wɔ ne nnwom a edi kan a ɔno nko ara bɔe a wɔfrɛ no Angel Clare no so, na The 5th Dimension nso yɛɛ bi wɔ wɔn 1973 mu nnwom a wɔfrɛ no Living Together, Growing Together no so. &quot;Woyaya&quot; nso na wɔde dii dwuma sɛ Ghana television drama a na agye din Osofo Dadzie, a wɔkyekyɛɛ no wɔ afe 1972 ne 1981 ntam no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Christ Episcopal Church |title=We're Going |date=2020-04-11 |url=https://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/post/we-re-going |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=WOYAYA (WE ARE GOING) by Wiyaala |url=https://wiyaala.com/track/2393107/woyaya-we-are-going |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nnwom A Wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Ne Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;Beautiful Seven&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|6:42
|-
!2.
|&quot;Y Sharp&quot;
|Osibisa
|6:20
|-
!3.
|&quot;Spirits Up Above&quot;
|Roland Kirk
|7:18
|-
!4.
|&quot;Survival&quot;
|Tontoh, Osei
|6:07
|-
!5.
|&quot;Move On&quot;
|Richardson
|4:42
|-
!6.
|&quot;Rabiatu&quot;
|Amao
|5:07
|-
!7.
|&quot;Woyaya&quot;
|Amarfio
|4:28
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|40:44
|}

;
;

== Baabi A Menya Mmoa Fi ==

;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Drums in communication</title>
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      <id>199647</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T14:58:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nana Sintim</username>
        <id>11223</id>
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      <comment>i create a page</comment>
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      <text bytes="10544" sha1="bzjkw7psb58dxd9blazrzrybvbaj55v" xml:space="preserve">Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dance|first=Omaha School of Music and|date=2016-06-17|title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate|url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=OSMD|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ahodoɔ ==

=== Talking drum ===
While the tone and articulation of the [[:en:Hourglass|hourglass]]-shaped [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]] can be finely controlled, it cannot be heard at distances beyond a gathering or market-place, and it is primarily used in ceremonial settings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Talking drum {{!}} African, West African, Musical Instrument {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/talking-drum|access-date=2025-11-17|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceremonial functions could include dance, rituals, story-telling and communication of points of order.

In Africa, [[:en:New_Guinea|New Guinea]] and tropical areas of America, people have used drum telegraphy for centuries to communicate over long distances. When European expeditions came into the jungles to explore, they were surprised to find that people already knew they were coming and what their intentions were. By repeating a message in turn from one nearby location to another, African drummers can transmit that message a total distance of 100 miles in about an hour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Ernest|title=Information, from drums to Wikipedia|url=http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|work=[[James Gleick]]. [[The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood]]. 526pp. Fourth Estate. 978 0 00 722573 6|publisher=The Times Literary Supplement|date=23 August 2011|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114011403/http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Among the famous communication drums are the drums of [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] (see [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]]). From regions known today as [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]] they spread across West Africa, and to the [[:en:United_States|America]] and the [[:en:Caribbean|Caribbean]] during the [[:en:History_of_slavery|slave trade]]. There they were banned because they were being used by the slaves to communicate over long distances in a code unknown to their enslavers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Epstein&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=Dena J.|last=Epstein|year=1963|title=Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of Sources (Part II)|journal=Music Library Association Notes|series=Second Series|volume=20|issue=3|pages=377–390|doi=10.2307/895685|jstor=895685}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Talking drums were also used in East Africa and are described by Andreus Bauer in the 'Street of Caravans', about his time as a security guard in the Wissmann Truppe for the caravan of Charles Stokes.

Some of the groups of variations of the talking drum among West African ethnic groups:

* '''Tama''' ([[:en:Wolof_people|Wolof]] of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]])
* '''Gan gan''', '''Dun Dun''' ([[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] of [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and eastern [[:en:Benin|Benin]])
* '''Dondo''' ([[:en:Akan_people|Akan]] of central Ghana and [[:en:Côte_d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]])
* '''Lunna''' ([[:en:Dagomba_people|Dagomba]] of northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]; [[:en:Mossi_people|Mossi]] of [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]])
* '''Kalangu''' ([[:en:Hausa_people|Hausa]] of northern [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[:en:Niger|Niger]], northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Benin|Benin]] and [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]])
* '''Doodo''' ([[:en:Songhai_people|Songhai]] and [[:en:Zarma_people|Zarma]] of [[:en:Mali|Mali]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], and [[:en:Niger|Niger]])

In the 20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of [[:en:Jùjú_music|Jùjú]] (Nigeria) and [[:en:Mbalax|Mbalax]] (Senegal).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jùjú music {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Slit gongs ===
Message drums, or more properly [[:en:Slit_gong|slit gongs]], with hollow chambers and long, narrow openings that resonate when struck, are larger all-wood instruments hollowed out from a single log. Slit-log drums are common in the drum communication systems of [[:en:Papua_New_Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], where they are known in [[:en:Tok_Pisin|Tok Pisin]] as ''[[:en:Garamut|garamut]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Becoming a Garamut Player in Baluan, Papua New Guinea Musical Analysis As a Pathway to Learning|last=Lewis, Tony|isbn=9781315406480|oclc=1033693900|date=2018-04-19|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Variations in the thickness of the walls give varying tones when struck by the heavy wooden [[:en:Percussion_mallet|drum sticks]]. While some are simple and utilitarian, they can also be highly elaborate works of sculpture while still retaining their function.

A long slit is cut in one side of a log, then it is hollowed out through the slit, leaving lips (wooden ledges) on each side of the opening. Using a larger log enables a louder sound that can be heard over longer distances. By hollowing more under one lip and less under the other, the drum can be [[:en:Musical_tuning|tuned]] to produce two different notes, a lower and a higher one. The drum's lips are hit with sticks, beating out rhythms of high and low notes. Small stands are often placed under each end of the drum to keep it off the ground and let it vibrate more freely.

Under ideal conditions, the sound can be understood at {{convert|3|to(-)|7|mi|order=flip|spell=in|km|0}},&lt;ref name=&quot;OLAp470&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=Ruth|title=Oral Literature in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Open Book Publishers|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-906924-72-0|page=470|url=https://unglue.it/work/81834/|quote=&quot;Drum messages can be heard at a distance of between three to seven miles, according to Carrington 1949b: 25.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; but interesting messages usually get relayed on by the next village. Drums used by the [[:en:Bulu_people|Bulu people]] of Cameroon might be heard as far away as 10 to 15 miles at night, compared to three to four during daytime.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Good|first=AI|title=Drum Talk Is the African's &quot;Wireless&quot;|year=1942|journal=Natural History Magazine|url=https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/editors_pick/1942_09_pick.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cambarysu ===
The [[:en:Catuquinaru|Catuquinaru]] tribe of Brazil reportedly used a drum called the [[:en:Cambarysu|cambarysu]] to send vibrations through the ground to other cambarysus up to 1.5&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot;&gt;''Prometheus: Illustrierte Wochenschrift über die Fortschritte'', volume 20 (1908)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EHG&quot;&gt;Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, ''Il &quot;Cambarysú&quot;: telefono dei Catuquinarú dell'Amazzonia'' (1898)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ensign&quot;&gt;[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=ME18981213.2.16&amp;cl=&amp;srpos=0&amp;e=-------10--1----0-- ''The original of the telephone''], ''Mataura Ensign'', issue 520, 13 December 1898, page 4]&lt;/ref&gt; Some scholars expressed skepticism about the claim that it sent vibrations through the ground (rather than the air), and about the claim that it existed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot; /&gt;

== What is transmitted ==
Two different types of traditional drum communication are found in Africa. The first type associates each idea with a particular rhythmic pattern, and the second type represents spoken utterances by mimicking their accentual profiles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Jeremy|date=2010-11-27|title=Speaking in Rhythm — Drums That Talk, Voices That Drum - ThisWorldMusic|url=https://thisworldmusic.com/speaking-in-rhythm-drums-that-talk-voices-that-drum/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Drum communication methods are not languages in their own right, though they can be based on spoken languages. In such cases, the sounds produced are conventionalized or idiomatic signals based on speech patterns. The drummed messages are normally very stereotyped and context-dependent; speakers of true languages have the ability to form new combinations and expressions that will immediately be understood by the listener, but that is not the case in drum communication.

In Central and East Africa, drum patterns represent the [[:en:Stress_(linguistics)|stresses]], [[:en:Syllable|syllable]] lengths and [[:en:Tone_(linguistics)|tone]] of the particular language. In [[:en:Tone_language|tone languages]], where syllables are associated with a certain tone, some words are distinguished only by their [[:en:Prosody_(linguistics)|suprasegmental profile]]. Therefore, syllable drum languages can often transfer a message using the [[:en:Phoneme|tonal phonemes]] alone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|title='Talking Drums': Long-Distance Communication in Early Africa|url=https://brewminate.com/talking-drums-long-distance-communication-in-early-africa/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In certain languages, the pitch of each syllable is uniquely determined in relation to adjacent syllables. In these cases, messages can be transmitted as rapid beats at the same speed as speech, as the rhythm and melody both match the equivalent spoken utterance.

Misinterpretations can occur due to the highly ambiguous nature of the communication. The ambiguity is reduced by context effects and the use of [[:en:Stock_phrase|stock phrases]]. For example, in [[:en:Jabo_(language)|Jabo]], most stems are monosyllabic. By using a [[:en:Proverb|proverb]] or honorary title to create an expanded version of the name of a person, animal, or object, the indistinguishable single beat of an ordinary name can be replaced with a particular rhythmic and melodic [[:en:Motif_(music)|motif]] for each subject. In practice not all listeners understand all of the stock phrases; the drum language is understood only to the level of each person's immediate concern.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Franich|first1=Kathryn H.|last2=Lendja Ngnemzué|first2=Ange B.|date=2021-06-16|title=Feeling the Beat in an African Tone Language: Rhythmic Mapping Between Language and Music|journal=Frontiers in Communication|volume=6|article-number=653747|doi=10.3389/fcomm.2021.653747|doi-access=free|issn=2297-900X}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <comment>I creat inforbox</comment>
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      <text bytes="11208" sha1="qgtpzqhmr5233y76x7yga1njlhky78y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Short description|Drums used for long-distance signalling and communications}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:TamTam.jpg|thumb|[[Bamileke]] people tamtam]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dance |first=Omaha School of Music and |date=2016-06-17 |title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate |url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=OSMD |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dance|first=Omaha School of Music and|date=2016-06-17|title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate|url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=OSMD|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ahodoɔ ==

=== Talking drum ===
While the tone and articulation of the [[:en:Hourglass|hourglass]]-shaped [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]] can be finely controlled, it cannot be heard at distances beyond a gathering or market-place, and it is primarily used in ceremonial settings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Talking drum {{!}} African, West African, Musical Instrument {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/talking-drum|access-date=2025-11-17|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceremonial functions could include dance, rituals, story-telling and communication of points of order.

In Africa, [[:en:New_Guinea|New Guinea]] and tropical areas of America, people have used drum telegraphy for centuries to communicate over long distances. When European expeditions came into the jungles to explore, they were surprised to find that people already knew they were coming and what their intentions were. By repeating a message in turn from one nearby location to another, African drummers can transmit that message a total distance of 100 miles in about an hour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Ernest|title=Information, from drums to Wikipedia|url=http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|work=[[James Gleick]]. [[The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood]]. 526pp. Fourth Estate. 978 0 00 722573 6|publisher=The Times Literary Supplement|date=23 August 2011|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114011403/http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Among the famous communication drums are the drums of [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] (see [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]]). From regions known today as [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]] they spread across West Africa, and to the [[:en:United_States|America]] and the [[:en:Caribbean|Caribbean]] during the [[:en:History_of_slavery|slave trade]]. There they were banned because they were being used by the slaves to communicate over long distances in a code unknown to their enslavers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Epstein&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=Dena J.|last=Epstein|year=1963|title=Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of Sources (Part II)|journal=Music Library Association Notes|series=Second Series|volume=20|issue=3|pages=377–390|doi=10.2307/895685|jstor=895685}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Talking drums were also used in East Africa and are described by Andreus Bauer in the 'Street of Caravans', about his time as a security guard in the Wissmann Truppe for the caravan of Charles Stokes.

Some of the groups of variations of the talking drum among West African ethnic groups:

* '''Tama''' ([[:en:Wolof_people|Wolof]] of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]])
* '''Gan gan''', '''Dun Dun''' ([[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] of [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and eastern [[:en:Benin|Benin]])
* '''Dondo''' ([[:en:Akan_people|Akan]] of central Ghana and [[:en:Côte_d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]])
* '''Lunna''' ([[:en:Dagomba_people|Dagomba]] of northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]; [[:en:Mossi_people|Mossi]] of [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]])
* '''Kalangu''' ([[:en:Hausa_people|Hausa]] of northern [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[:en:Niger|Niger]], northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Benin|Benin]] and [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]])
* '''Doodo''' ([[:en:Songhai_people|Songhai]] and [[:en:Zarma_people|Zarma]] of [[:en:Mali|Mali]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], and [[:en:Niger|Niger]])

In the 20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of [[:en:Jùjú_music|Jùjú]] (Nigeria) and [[:en:Mbalax|Mbalax]] (Senegal).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jùjú music {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Slit gongs ===
Message drums, or more properly [[:en:Slit_gong|slit gongs]], with hollow chambers and long, narrow openings that resonate when struck, are larger all-wood instruments hollowed out from a single log. Slit-log drums are common in the drum communication systems of [[:en:Papua_New_Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], where they are known in [[:en:Tok_Pisin|Tok Pisin]] as ''[[:en:Garamut|garamut]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Becoming a Garamut Player in Baluan, Papua New Guinea Musical Analysis As a Pathway to Learning|last=Lewis, Tony|isbn=9781315406480|oclc=1033693900|date=2018-04-19|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Variations in the thickness of the walls give varying tones when struck by the heavy wooden [[:en:Percussion_mallet|drum sticks]]. While some are simple and utilitarian, they can also be highly elaborate works of sculpture while still retaining their function.

A long slit is cut in one side of a log, then it is hollowed out through the slit, leaving lips (wooden ledges) on each side of the opening. Using a larger log enables a louder sound that can be heard over longer distances. By hollowing more under one lip and less under the other, the drum can be [[:en:Musical_tuning|tuned]] to produce two different notes, a lower and a higher one. The drum's lips are hit with sticks, beating out rhythms of high and low notes. Small stands are often placed under each end of the drum to keep it off the ground and let it vibrate more freely.

Under ideal conditions, the sound can be understood at {{convert|3|to(-)|7|mi|order=flip|spell=in|km|0}},&lt;ref name=&quot;OLAp470&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=Ruth|title=Oral Literature in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Open Book Publishers|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-906924-72-0|page=470|url=https://unglue.it/work/81834/|quote=&quot;Drum messages can be heard at a distance of between three to seven miles, according to Carrington 1949b: 25.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; but interesting messages usually get relayed on by the next village. Drums used by the [[:en:Bulu_people|Bulu people]] of Cameroon might be heard as far away as 10 to 15 miles at night, compared to three to four during daytime.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Good|first=AI|title=Drum Talk Is the African's &quot;Wireless&quot;|year=1942|journal=Natural History Magazine|url=https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/editors_pick/1942_09_pick.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cambarysu ===
The [[:en:Catuquinaru|Catuquinaru]] tribe of Brazil reportedly used a drum called the [[:en:Cambarysu|cambarysu]] to send vibrations through the ground to other cambarysus up to 1.5&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot;&gt;''Prometheus: Illustrierte Wochenschrift über die Fortschritte'', volume 20 (1908)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EHG&quot;&gt;Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, ''Il &quot;Cambarysú&quot;: telefono dei Catuquinarú dell'Amazzonia'' (1898)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ensign&quot;&gt;[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=ME18981213.2.16&amp;cl=&amp;srpos=0&amp;e=-------10--1----0-- ''The original of the telephone''], ''Mataura Ensign'', issue 520, 13 December 1898, page 4]&lt;/ref&gt; Some scholars expressed skepticism about the claim that it sent vibrations through the ground (rather than the air), and about the claim that it existed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot; /&gt;

== What is transmitted ==
Two different types of traditional drum communication are found in Africa. The first type associates each idea with a particular rhythmic pattern, and the second type represents spoken utterances by mimicking their accentual profiles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Jeremy|date=2010-11-27|title=Speaking in Rhythm — Drums That Talk, Voices That Drum - ThisWorldMusic|url=https://thisworldmusic.com/speaking-in-rhythm-drums-that-talk-voices-that-drum/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Drum communication methods are not languages in their own right, though they can be based on spoken languages. In such cases, the sounds produced are conventionalized or idiomatic signals based on speech patterns. The drummed messages are normally very stereotyped and context-dependent; speakers of true languages have the ability to form new combinations and expressions that will immediately be understood by the listener, but that is not the case in drum communication.

In Central and East Africa, drum patterns represent the [[:en:Stress_(linguistics)|stresses]], [[:en:Syllable|syllable]] lengths and [[:en:Tone_(linguistics)|tone]] of the particular language. In [[:en:Tone_language|tone languages]], where syllables are associated with a certain tone, some words are distinguished only by their [[:en:Prosody_(linguistics)|suprasegmental profile]]. Therefore, syllable drum languages can often transfer a message using the [[:en:Phoneme|tonal phonemes]] alone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|title='Talking Drums': Long-Distance Communication in Early Africa|url=https://brewminate.com/talking-drums-long-distance-communication-in-early-africa/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In certain languages, the pitch of each syllable is uniquely determined in relation to adjacent syllables. In these cases, messages can be transmitted as rapid beats at the same speed as speech, as the rhythm and melody both match the equivalent spoken utterance.

Misinterpretations can occur due to the highly ambiguous nature of the communication. The ambiguity is reduced by context effects and the use of [[:en:Stock_phrase|stock phrases]]. For example, in [[:en:Jabo_(language)|Jabo]], most stems are monosyllabic. By using a [[:en:Proverb|proverb]] or honorary title to create an expanded version of the name of a person, animal, or object, the indistinguishable single beat of an ordinary name can be replaced with a particular rhythmic and melodic [[:en:Motif_(music)|motif]] for each subject. In practice not all listeners understand all of the stock phrases; the drum language is understood only to the level of each person's immediate concern.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Franich|first1=Kathryn H.|last2=Lendja Ngnemzué|first2=Ange B.|date=2021-06-16|title=Feeling the Beat in an African Tone Language: Rhythmic Mapping Between Language and Music|journal=Frontiers in Communication|volume=6|article-number=653747|doi=10.3389/fcomm.2021.653747|doi-access=free|issn=2297-900X}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <comment>I creat inforbox</comment>
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      <text bytes="11119" sha1="teim4waxaqed2k1jmzl9bnmhj5s9u2h" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Drums used for long-distance signalling and communications}}
Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dance |first=Omaha School of Music and |date=2016-06-17 |title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate |url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=OSMD |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dance|first=Omaha School of Music and|date=2016-06-17|title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate|url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=OSMD|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ahodoɔ ==

=== Talking drum ===
While the tone and articulation of the [[:en:Hourglass|hourglass]]-shaped [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]] can be finely controlled, it cannot be heard at distances beyond a gathering or market-place, and it is primarily used in ceremonial settings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Talking drum {{!}} African, West African, Musical Instrument {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/talking-drum|access-date=2025-11-17|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceremonial functions could include dance, rituals, story-telling and communication of points of order.

In Africa, [[:en:New_Guinea|New Guinea]] and tropical areas of America, people have used drum telegraphy for centuries to communicate over long distances. When European expeditions came into the jungles to explore, they were surprised to find that people already knew they were coming and what their intentions were. By repeating a message in turn from one nearby location to another, African drummers can transmit that message a total distance of 100 miles in about an hour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Ernest|title=Information, from drums to Wikipedia|url=http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|work=[[James Gleick]]. [[The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood]]. 526pp. Fourth Estate. 978 0 00 722573 6|publisher=The Times Literary Supplement|date=23 August 2011|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114011403/http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Among the famous communication drums are the drums of [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] (see [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]]). From regions known today as [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]] they spread across West Africa, and to the [[:en:United_States|America]] and the [[:en:Caribbean|Caribbean]] during the [[:en:History_of_slavery|slave trade]]. There they were banned because they were being used by the slaves to communicate over long distances in a code unknown to their enslavers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Epstein&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=Dena J.|last=Epstein|year=1963|title=Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of Sources (Part II)|journal=Music Library Association Notes|series=Second Series|volume=20|issue=3|pages=377–390|doi=10.2307/895685|jstor=895685}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Talking drums were also used in East Africa and are described by Andreus Bauer in the 'Street of Caravans', about his time as a security guard in the Wissmann Truppe for the caravan of Charles Stokes.

Some of the groups of variations of the talking drum among West African ethnic groups:

* '''Tama''' ([[:en:Wolof_people|Wolof]] of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]])
* '''Gan gan''', '''Dun Dun''' ([[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] of [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and eastern [[:en:Benin|Benin]])
* '''Dondo''' ([[:en:Akan_people|Akan]] of central Ghana and [[:en:Côte_d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]])
* '''Lunna''' ([[:en:Dagomba_people|Dagomba]] of northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]; [[:en:Mossi_people|Mossi]] of [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]])
* '''Kalangu''' ([[:en:Hausa_people|Hausa]] of northern [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[:en:Niger|Niger]], northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Benin|Benin]] and [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]])
* '''Doodo''' ([[:en:Songhai_people|Songhai]] and [[:en:Zarma_people|Zarma]] of [[:en:Mali|Mali]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], and [[:en:Niger|Niger]])

In the 20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of [[:en:Jùjú_music|Jùjú]] (Nigeria) and [[:en:Mbalax|Mbalax]] (Senegal).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jùjú music {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Slit gongs ===
Message drums, or more properly [[:en:Slit_gong|slit gongs]], with hollow chambers and long, narrow openings that resonate when struck, are larger all-wood instruments hollowed out from a single log. Slit-log drums are common in the drum communication systems of [[:en:Papua_New_Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], where they are known in [[:en:Tok_Pisin|Tok Pisin]] as ''[[:en:Garamut|garamut]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Becoming a Garamut Player in Baluan, Papua New Guinea Musical Analysis As a Pathway to Learning|last=Lewis, Tony|isbn=9781315406480|oclc=1033693900|date=2018-04-19|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Variations in the thickness of the walls give varying tones when struck by the heavy wooden [[:en:Percussion_mallet|drum sticks]]. While some are simple and utilitarian, they can also be highly elaborate works of sculpture while still retaining their function.

A long slit is cut in one side of a log, then it is hollowed out through the slit, leaving lips (wooden ledges) on each side of the opening. Using a larger log enables a louder sound that can be heard over longer distances. By hollowing more under one lip and less under the other, the drum can be [[:en:Musical_tuning|tuned]] to produce two different notes, a lower and a higher one. The drum's lips are hit with sticks, beating out rhythms of high and low notes. Small stands are often placed under each end of the drum to keep it off the ground and let it vibrate more freely.

Under ideal conditions, the sound can be understood at {{convert|3|to(-)|7|mi|order=flip|spell=in|km|0}},&lt;ref name=&quot;OLAp470&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=Ruth|title=Oral Literature in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Open Book Publishers|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-906924-72-0|page=470|url=https://unglue.it/work/81834/|quote=&quot;Drum messages can be heard at a distance of between three to seven miles, according to Carrington 1949b: 25.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; but interesting messages usually get relayed on by the next village. Drums used by the [[:en:Bulu_people|Bulu people]] of Cameroon might be heard as far away as 10 to 15 miles at night, compared to three to four during daytime.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Good|first=AI|title=Drum Talk Is the African's &quot;Wireless&quot;|year=1942|journal=Natural History Magazine|url=https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/editors_pick/1942_09_pick.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cambarysu ===
The [[:en:Catuquinaru|Catuquinaru]] tribe of Brazil reportedly used a drum called the [[:en:Cambarysu|cambarysu]] to send vibrations through the ground to other cambarysus up to 1.5&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot;&gt;''Prometheus: Illustrierte Wochenschrift über die Fortschritte'', volume 20 (1908)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EHG&quot;&gt;Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, ''Il &quot;Cambarysú&quot;: telefono dei Catuquinarú dell'Amazzonia'' (1898)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ensign&quot;&gt;[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=ME18981213.2.16&amp;cl=&amp;srpos=0&amp;e=-------10--1----0-- ''The original of the telephone''], ''Mataura Ensign'', issue 520, 13 December 1898, page 4]&lt;/ref&gt; Some scholars expressed skepticism about the claim that it sent vibrations through the ground (rather than the air), and about the claim that it existed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot; /&gt;

== What is transmitted ==
Two different types of traditional drum communication are found in Africa. The first type associates each idea with a particular rhythmic pattern, and the second type represents spoken utterances by mimicking their accentual profiles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Jeremy|date=2010-11-27|title=Speaking in Rhythm — Drums That Talk, Voices That Drum - ThisWorldMusic|url=https://thisworldmusic.com/speaking-in-rhythm-drums-that-talk-voices-that-drum/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Drum communication methods are not languages in their own right, though they can be based on spoken languages. In such cases, the sounds produced are conventionalized or idiomatic signals based on speech patterns. The drummed messages are normally very stereotyped and context-dependent; speakers of true languages have the ability to form new combinations and expressions that will immediately be understood by the listener, but that is not the case in drum communication.

In Central and East Africa, drum patterns represent the [[:en:Stress_(linguistics)|stresses]], [[:en:Syllable|syllable]] lengths and [[:en:Tone_(linguistics)|tone]] of the particular language. In [[:en:Tone_language|tone languages]], where syllables are associated with a certain tone, some words are distinguished only by their [[:en:Prosody_(linguistics)|suprasegmental profile]]. Therefore, syllable drum languages can often transfer a message using the [[:en:Phoneme|tonal phonemes]] alone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|title='Talking Drums': Long-Distance Communication in Early Africa|url=https://brewminate.com/talking-drums-long-distance-communication-in-early-africa/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In certain languages, the pitch of each syllable is uniquely determined in relation to adjacent syllables. In these cases, messages can be transmitted as rapid beats at the same speed as speech, as the rhythm and melody both match the equivalent spoken utterance.

Misinterpretations can occur due to the highly ambiguous nature of the communication. The ambiguity is reduced by context effects and the use of [[:en:Stock_phrase|stock phrases]]. For example, in [[:en:Jabo_(language)|Jabo]], most stems are monosyllabic. By using a [[:en:Proverb|proverb]] or honorary title to create an expanded version of the name of a person, animal, or object, the indistinguishable single beat of an ordinary name can be replaced with a particular rhythmic and melodic [[:en:Motif_(music)|motif]] for each subject. In practice not all listeners understand all of the stock phrases; the drum language is understood only to the level of each person's immediate concern.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Franich|first1=Kathryn H.|last2=Lendja Ngnemzué|first2=Ange B.|date=2021-06-16|title=Feeling the Beat in an African Tone Language: Rhythmic Mapping Between Language and Music|journal=Frontiers in Communication|volume=6|article-number=653747|doi=10.3389/fcomm.2021.653747|doi-access=free|issn=2297-900X}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>199650</id>
      <parentid>199649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T15:07:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nana Sintim</username>
        <id>11223</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I creat inforbox</comment>
      <origin>199650</origin>
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      <text bytes="11171" sha1="btp5ay9aqucv72hz16zhzzz65b0f256" xml:space="preserve">Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dance |first=Omaha School of Music and |date=2016-06-17 |title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate |url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=OSMD |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long-distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dance|first=Omaha School of Music and|date=2016-06-17|title=History of The Drum {{!}} 5 Ways Drums are Used to Communicate|url=https://omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/our-blog/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=OSMD|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Short description|Drums used for long-distance signalling and communications}}
[[File:TamTam.jpg|thumb|[[Bamileke]] people tamtam]]

== Ahodoɔ ==

=== Talking drum ===
While the tone and articulation of the [[:en:Hourglass|hourglass]]-shaped [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]] can be finely controlled, it cannot be heard at distances beyond a gathering or market-place, and it is primarily used in ceremonial settings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Talking drum {{!}} African, West African, Musical Instrument {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/talking-drum|access-date=2025-11-17|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceremonial functions could include dance, rituals, story-telling and communication of points of order.

In Africa, [[:en:New_Guinea|New Guinea]] and tropical areas of America, people have used drum telegraphy for centuries to communicate over long distances. When European expeditions came into the jungles to explore, they were surprised to find that people already knew they were coming and what their intentions were. By repeating a message in turn from one nearby location to another, African drummers can transmit that message a total distance of 100 miles in about an hour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Ernest|title=Information, from drums to Wikipedia|url=http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|work=[[James Gleick]]. [[The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood]]. 526pp. Fourth Estate. 978 0 00 722573 6|publisher=The Times Literary Supplement|date=23 August 2011|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114011403/http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article760768.ece|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Among the famous communication drums are the drums of [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] (see [[:en:Talking_drum|talking drum]]). From regions known today as [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]] they spread across West Africa, and to the [[:en:United_States|America]] and the [[:en:Caribbean|Caribbean]] during the [[:en:History_of_slavery|slave trade]]. There they were banned because they were being used by the slaves to communicate over long distances in a code unknown to their enslavers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Epstein&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=Dena J.|last=Epstein|year=1963|title=Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of Sources (Part II)|journal=Music Library Association Notes|series=Second Series|volume=20|issue=3|pages=377–390|doi=10.2307/895685|jstor=895685}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Talking drums were also used in East Africa and are described by Andreus Bauer in the 'Street of Caravans', about his time as a security guard in the Wissmann Truppe for the caravan of Charles Stokes.

Some of the groups of variations of the talking drum among West African ethnic groups:

* '''Tama''' ([[:en:Wolof_people|Wolof]] of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]])
* '''Gan gan''', '''Dun Dun''' ([[:en:Yoruba_people|Yoruba]] of [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] and eastern [[:en:Benin|Benin]])
* '''Dondo''' ([[:en:Akan_people|Akan]] of central Ghana and [[:en:Côte_d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]])
* '''Lunna''' ([[:en:Dagomba_people|Dagomba]] of northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]; [[:en:Mossi_people|Mossi]] of [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]])
* '''Kalangu''' ([[:en:Hausa_people|Hausa]] of northern [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[:en:Niger|Niger]], northern [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Benin|Benin]] and [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]])
* '''Doodo''' ([[:en:Songhai_people|Songhai]] and [[:en:Zarma_people|Zarma]] of [[:en:Mali|Mali]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], and [[:en:Niger|Niger]])

In the 20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of [[:en:Jùjú_music|Jùjú]] (Nigeria) and [[:en:Mbalax|Mbalax]] (Senegal).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jùjú music {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2025-11-17|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Slit gongs ===
Message drums, or more properly [[:en:Slit_gong|slit gongs]], with hollow chambers and long, narrow openings that resonate when struck, are larger all-wood instruments hollowed out from a single log. Slit-log drums are common in the drum communication systems of [[:en:Papua_New_Guinea|Papua New Guinea]], where they are known in [[:en:Tok_Pisin|Tok Pisin]] as ''[[:en:Garamut|garamut]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Becoming a Garamut Player in Baluan, Papua New Guinea Musical Analysis As a Pathway to Learning|last=Lewis, Tony|isbn=9781315406480|oclc=1033693900|date=2018-04-19|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Variations in the thickness of the walls give varying tones when struck by the heavy wooden [[:en:Percussion_mallet|drum sticks]]. While some are simple and utilitarian, they can also be highly elaborate works of sculpture while still retaining their function.

A long slit is cut in one side of a log, then it is hollowed out through the slit, leaving lips (wooden ledges) on each side of the opening. Using a larger log enables a louder sound that can be heard over longer distances. By hollowing more under one lip and less under the other, the drum can be [[:en:Musical_tuning|tuned]] to produce two different notes, a lower and a higher one. The drum's lips are hit with sticks, beating out rhythms of high and low notes. Small stands are often placed under each end of the drum to keep it off the ground and let it vibrate more freely.

Under ideal conditions, the sound can be understood at {{convert|3|to(-)|7|mi|order=flip|spell=in|km|0}},&lt;ref name=&quot;OLAp470&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=Ruth|title=Oral Literature in Africa|year=2012|publisher=Open Book Publishers|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-906924-72-0|page=470|url=https://unglue.it/work/81834/|quote=&quot;Drum messages can be heard at a distance of between three to seven miles, according to Carrington 1949b: 25.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; but interesting messages usually get relayed on by the next village. Drums used by the [[:en:Bulu_people|Bulu people]] of Cameroon might be heard as far away as 10 to 15 miles at night, compared to three to four during daytime.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Good|first=AI|title=Drum Talk Is the African's &quot;Wireless&quot;|year=1942|journal=Natural History Magazine|url=https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/editors_pick/1942_09_pick.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cambarysu ===
The [[:en:Catuquinaru|Catuquinaru]] tribe of Brazil reportedly used a drum called the [[:en:Cambarysu|cambarysu]] to send vibrations through the ground to other cambarysus up to 1.5&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot;&gt;''Prometheus: Illustrierte Wochenschrift über die Fortschritte'', volume 20 (1908)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EHG&quot;&gt;Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, ''Il &quot;Cambarysú&quot;: telefono dei Catuquinarú dell'Amazzonia'' (1898)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ensign&quot;&gt;[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=ME18981213.2.16&amp;cl=&amp;srpos=0&amp;e=-------10--1----0-- ''The original of the telephone''], ''Mataura Ensign'', issue 520, 13 December 1898, page 4]&lt;/ref&gt; Some scholars expressed skepticism about the claim that it sent vibrations through the ground (rather than the air), and about the claim that it existed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Prometheus&quot; /&gt;

== What is transmitted ==
Two different types of traditional drum communication are found in Africa. The first type associates each idea with a particular rhythmic pattern, and the second type represents spoken utterances by mimicking their accentual profiles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Jeremy|date=2010-11-27|title=Speaking in Rhythm — Drums That Talk, Voices That Drum - ThisWorldMusic|url=https://thisworldmusic.com/speaking-in-rhythm-drums-that-talk-voices-that-drum/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Drum communication methods are not languages in their own right, though they can be based on spoken languages. In such cases, the sounds produced are conventionalized or idiomatic signals based on speech patterns. The drummed messages are normally very stereotyped and context-dependent; speakers of true languages have the ability to form new combinations and expressions that will immediately be understood by the listener, but that is not the case in drum communication.

In Central and East Africa, drum patterns represent the [[:en:Stress_(linguistics)|stresses]], [[:en:Syllable|syllable]] lengths and [[:en:Tone_(linguistics)|tone]] of the particular language. In [[:en:Tone_language|tone languages]], where syllables are associated with a certain tone, some words are distinguished only by their [[:en:Prosody_(linguistics)|suprasegmental profile]]. Therefore, syllable drum languages can often transfer a message using the [[:en:Phoneme|tonal phonemes]] alone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|title='Talking Drums': Long-Distance Communication in Early Africa|url=https://brewminate.com/talking-drums-long-distance-communication-in-early-africa/|access-date=2026-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In certain languages, the pitch of each syllable is uniquely determined in relation to adjacent syllables. In these cases, messages can be transmitted as rapid beats at the same speed as speech, as the rhythm and melody both match the equivalent spoken utterance.

Misinterpretations can occur due to the highly ambiguous nature of the communication. The ambiguity is reduced by context effects and the use of [[:en:Stock_phrase|stock phrases]]. For example, in [[:en:Jabo_(language)|Jabo]], most stems are monosyllabic. By using a [[:en:Proverb|proverb]] or honorary title to create an expanded version of the name of a person, animal, or object, the indistinguishable single beat of an ordinary name can be replaced with a particular rhythmic and melodic [[:en:Motif_(music)|motif]] for each subject. In practice not all listeners understand all of the stock phrases; the drum language is understood only to the level of each person's immediate concern.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Franich|first1=Kathryn H.|last2=Lendja Ngnemzué|first2=Ange B.|date=2021-06-16|title=Feeling the Beat in an African Tone Language: Rhythmic Mapping Between Language and Music|journal=Frontiers in Communication|volume=6|article-number=653747|doi=10.3389/fcomm.2021.653747|doi-access=free|issn=2297-900X}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Osibisa (album)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-15T18:28:46Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
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      <comment>words added</comment>
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      <text bytes="151" sha1="bx05b6l9xioo00tzb04m05aff0ugq53" xml:space="preserve">Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>199660</id>
      <parentid>199659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-15T18:46:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
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      <text bytes="1635" sha1="54p8a9c21l32necdl8gdw2rcrfbdqxu" xml:space="preserve">Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=OSIBISA |url=https://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=2434 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo 
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Adwumayɛfo ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so</text>
      <sha1>54p8a9c21l32necdl8gdw2rcrfbdqxu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199670</id>
      <parentid>199660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:47:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Adwumayɛfo */</comment>
      <origin>199670</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="717" sha1="rjaqnqhsbme1tbv2fqmwlpgqx46xg2t" xml:space="preserve">== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so</text>
      <sha1>rjaqnqhsbme1tbv2fqmwlpgqx46xg2t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199671</id>
      <parentid>199670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
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Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so</text>
      <sha1>njtt23akuoux8qwef9jszscwvatorzq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199672</id>
      <parentid>199671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
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Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=OSIBISA |url=https://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=2434 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rp9yjxs9lzwfgo7lhh4dpiwhgfk4b1v</sha1>
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      <id>199673</id>
      <parentid>199672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T10:54:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Personnel */</comment>
      <origin>199673</origin>
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Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=OSIBISA |url=https://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=2434 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
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      <id>199674</id>
      <parentid>199673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T11:00:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
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{{Databox}}
Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=OSIBISA |url=https://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=2434 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
      <sha1>34hf6wpyb09xpau1kh3mcgjjdnvexjm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199675</id>
      <parentid>199674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-16T11:02:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elkan21</username>
        <id>11225</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Personnel */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2116" sha1="rfuoz6voms29aqrxsqlhz7m91t4ddtw" xml:space="preserve">
{{Databox}}
Osibisa yɛ nnwom a ɛdi kan a wɔtoo din maa wɔn a wɔto nnwom no. Wɔsan de too gua wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ CD mmienu a Woyaya ne BGO Records de bɔ mu.

OSIBISA kyerɛ sɛ Criss-Cross rhythms a anigye ma ɛpaapae, na ɛyɛ din a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ade a edi kan a obiara a otie saa nnwontofo kuw yi ani gye ho ne rhythm section a ɛyɛ nwonwa no, a ɛbɔ drum ne bass ne abusuakuw no nnwom a wɔde to nnwom no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye so, mpo Uriah Heep antumi ampo hokwan no sɛ ɔde wɔn nnwom to nnwom no mu hwɛ wo ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=OSIBISA |url=https://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=2434 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnwom a wɔahyehyɛ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;No.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Atiti asɛm
!Ɔkyerɛwfo
!Tenten
|-
!1.
|&quot;The Dawn&quot;
|Osei, Amarfio
|7:24
|-
!2.
|&quot;Music for Gong Gong&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|5:27
|-
!3.
|&quot;Ayiko Bia&quot;
|Osei
|7:52
|-
!4.
|&quot;Akwaaba&quot;
|Osei, Tontoh
|4:19
|-
!5.
|&quot;Oranges&quot;
|Osei
|4:43
|-
!6.
|&quot;Phallus C&quot;
|Bedeau
|7:15
|-
!7.
|&quot;Think About the People&quot;
|Osibisa
|4:36
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ne nyinaa tenten: .
|41:36
|}

== Personnel ==
'''Osibisa'''

* Teddy Osei - tenor saksofon, asaw, Afrika abɛn, nnwom a wɔbɔ de hyehyɛ nnwom mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=_Osibisa_ (album) |url=https://grokipedia.com/page/Osibisa_(album) |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Osibisa: Full Illustrated Biography |url=https://www.modernghana.com/references/64/osibisa-full-illustrated-biography.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sol Amarfio - abɛn, nnwom a wɔto, nnwom a wɔto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Mac Tontoh -  torobɛnto, flugelhorn, kabasa, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Spartacus R (Roy Bedeau) – bass guitar, nnwom a wɔtow a wɔtow no afã horow&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Wendell Richardson – Guitar, nnwonto wɔ &quot;Think About the People&quot; mu&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Robert Bailey - nnwonto, piano, timbales, nnwom a wɔbɔ to, nnwonto&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Loughty Lasisi Amao - tenor saksofo, baritone saksofo, conga, nnwom a wɔbɔ wɔ so&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ ==</text>
      <sha1>rfuoz6voms29aqrxsqlhz7m91t4ddtw</sha1>
    </revision>
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