Wikipedia twwiki https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratafa_Titiriw MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Soronko Nkitahode Dwumadini Dwumadini nkitahode Wikipedia Wikipedia nkitahode File File nkitahode MediaWiki MediaWiki nkitahode Nhwɛsoɔ Nhwɛsoɔ nkitahode Mmoa Mmoa nkitahode Nkyekyεmu Nkyekyεmu nkitahode TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3339 200687 166367 2026-09-23T02:58:57Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} {{Databox}} '''Walεta''' (''Valletta'') yε kuro titiriw a ɛwɔ [[Mɔlta]]. [[Category:Kuro]] [[Category:Mɔlta]] [[Category:Nkratafa a ahwehwɛkwan ɛka ho]] Kuro yi hyɛAnaafoɔ-Apuiɛ mantam (South Eastern Region) no mu wɔ main island no so, ɛhyɛ Marsamxett Harbour a sɛ wode ɛfiri atɔeɛ fam na rekɔ a ɛne the Grand Harbour sɛ wode ɛfiri apuiɛ fam na rekɔ a, ɛhyɛ wɔn ntam, nnipa dodoɔ a wɔtete kuro no mu wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne du-nan (2014) na wɔyɛ mpem nsia, ahanan aduanan nan (6,444)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150621211549/https://secure2.gov.mt/localgovernment/file.aspx?f=7810</ref>, a saa berɛ no na metropolitan no mu nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ bɛyɛ mpem ahaasa aduokron mmiensa, ne ahankron aduasa nwɔtwe (393,938)<ref>http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_pjanaggr3&lang=en</ref>. == Amanmuo ==<!--[[File:Malta - Valletta - Triq Nofs-in-Nhar + Local Council 01 ies.jpg|thumb|Palazzo Lascaris, the former local council building]]--> [[File:Castille_at_night.jpg|thumb|[[Auberge de Castille]] at night]] [[File:Parliament_House_(Malta).jpeg|thumb|[[Renzo Piano]]'s [[Parliament House (Malta)|Parliament House]]]] Saa Valletta Local Council no wɔnam mmara a wɔfrɛ no sɛ Local Councils Act of 1993 so na ɛteeɛ, a ɛne local councils of Malta afoforɔ na wɔteteeɛ .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.lca.org.mt/pages/iseSinglePages.asp?m=20 |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2014-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207214517/http://www.lca.org.mt/pages/iseSinglePages.asp?m=20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wɔn nhyiamudie a ɛdikan no kɔɔ so wɔ [[Ahinime]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so aduonu (20 November) wɔ afe apem ahankron aduokron mmiensa (1993). Abatoɔ ahodoɔ binom nso kɔɔ so wɔ afe 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2013,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150712111825/http://lc.gov.mt/mediacenter/PDFs/1_Elezzjonijiet%201993-2013.pdf</ref> ne 2017 mu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150712112012/http://lc.gov.mt/mediacenter/PDFs/1_Elezzjonijiet%202015-2023.pdf</ref> Mprɛmprɛn yi no local council a wɔwɔ aban mu no, wɔtoo wɔn so aba wɔ afe 2019 mu.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://lc.gov.mt/Page.aspx?catid=12&pid=205 |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112222145/http://lc.gov.mt/Page.aspx?catid=12&pid=205 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- OUTDATED -- Since the city has been selected as the European Capital of Culture, the council began to look for new premises at a more central location. Various proposals were made, including the [[Main Guard (Valletta)|Main Guard]], the [[Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta|Grandmaster's Palace]], [[Fort Saint Elmo]] and the former HSBC offices, but nothing has been decided {{As of|2015|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=No immediate solution to finding new premises for Valletta council|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150717/local/updated-no-immediate-solution-to-finding-new-premises-for-valletta.577012|access-date=17 July 2015|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> --> === wɔn a wɔdidi soɔ yi nyinaa asom sɛ Mayors of Valletta:<ref>https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/mayors-from-1993/</ref> === *Hector Bruno (1993–1999) ([[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]) *[[Paul Borg Olivier]] (1999–2008) ([[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]) *Alexei Dingli (2008–2019) ([[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]])<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20190220/timestalk/watch-commercial-interests-trumping-those-of-residents-former-valletta.702457 |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2019-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221130611/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20190220/timestalk/watch-commercial-interests-trumping-those-of-residents-former-valletta.702457 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *Christian Micallef (2019) ([[Nationalist Party (Malta)|PN]]) <ref>http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2019-01-15/local-news/Christian-Micallef-sworn-in-as-new-Mayor-of-Valletta-6736202090</ref> *Alfred Zammit (2019–) ([[Labour Party (Malta)|PL]])<ref>https://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/news/il-pl-jirbah-il-kunsill-lokali-tal-belt-valletta/</ref> == Agokansie == * [[:en:Valletta_F.C.|Valletta F.C.]] Association Football team ɛne Futsal team * [[:en:Valletta_Lions_RFC|Valletta Lions RFC]] Rugby Football Union team * Valletta's [[:en:Marsamxett_Harbour|Marsamxett Harbour]] a "Regatta" (Rowing) Team, which takes part in the annual traditional Regatta on Victory Day (8 September). * [[:en:Valletta_United_W.P.C.|Valletta United W.P.C.]], a Water Polo Club hailing from Marsamxett side * Valletta V.C., a Volleyball club. * Marsamxett Boċċi, a <nowiki>''Boċċi''</nowiki> Club from Marsamxett, Valletta. * Valletta St. Paul's Boċċi, a <nowiki>''</nowiki>Boċċi<nowiki>''</nowiki> Club from L-Arċipierku side, Valletta. == Feasts ahodoɔ == * The feast of [[:en:Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel|Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] wɔhyɛ saa fa yi wɔ [[Kitawonsa]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so du-nsia (16 July) * [[:en:Paul_the_Apostle|Saint Paul]]'s feast wɔhyɛ saa fa yi wɔ [[Ɔgyefuo|ogyefuo]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so du (10 February) * [[:en:Saint_Dominic|Saint Dominic]]'s feast wɔhyɛ saa fa yi wɔ Valletta wɔ [[ɔsanaa]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so nan (4 August) anaa sɛ ɛbɛdi da no anim * The feast of [[:en:Augustine_of_Hippo|Saint Augustine]] wɔhyɛ saa fa yi wɔ [[Kwasiada]] a ɛtɔ so mmiensa berɛ a yɛadi Easter awie * The city's residents also conduct an annual procession in honour of [[:en:St._Rita|St. Rita]] == Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == s6gs05rxajh4p05nzb71de13phgcs5b 0 4635 200678 196286 2026-09-22T23:40:23Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Akuapem}} [[File:AfricaLocation.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] Wɔ wiase afanaa nyinaa '''Abibirem''' na ɛtɔ so mmienu a ɛso wɔ wiase. Ɛfa wiase no asaase bɛyɛ nnum. Ɛne nsuo akɛseɛ na atwa [[Ahyia]]. Yɛwɔ amaman aduonum nan(54) a yɛagye wɔn atom ne wɔn a wɔnnan obiara wɔ abibirem, ɛna ɔhamu nkyekyɛmu du nan akyirepɔ nson(14.7)a ɛyɛ (ɔpepepe baako, ahanu ne du nsia) (1.216) a nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ wiase te hɔ. Ɛyɛ beaɛ a nnipa a ɛdikan baa wiase tenaeɛ. Afrika twa [[:en:Equator|equator]] ne prime [[:en:Prime meridian|meridian]] ho. [[:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranea Po]] no atwa asasepɔn no ho ahyia wɔ atifi fam, [[:en:Arabian Plate|Arabia Mprɛte]] ne [[:en:Gulf of Aqaba|Aqaba Po]] no wɔ atifi fam apuei, India Po no wɔ anafo fam apuei ne Atlantic Po no wɔ atɔe fam. France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, ne Yemen wɔ wɔn nsasesin no afa horow a ɛwɔ Afrika asase so, na ne fa kɛse no ara yɛ nsupɔw<ref>{{Citation |title=Islands of Africa |date=2024-08-27 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islands_of_Africa&oldid=1242486003 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>. Madagascar ne nsupɔw ahorow ka asasepɔn no ho. Ɛwɔ aman 54 a wogye wɔn tom koraa, nkurow ne nsupɔw awotwe a ɛka aman a wɔnyɛ Afrikafo ho, ne aman abien a wɔde wɔn ho ankasa a wonnye ntom anaasɛ wonnye ntom koraa. Saa akontaabu yi nka Malta ne Sicily a asase ho adesua yɛ Afrika asasepɔn no fa no ho. Algeria yɛ Afrika man a ɛso sen biara wɔ ne kɛse mu, na Nigeria yɛ ne kɛse sen biara wɔ nnipa dodow mu. Afrika aman nam Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo a n’adwumayɛbea ti wɔ Addis Ababa a wɔhyehyɛ no so yɛ biako<ref>{{Citation |title=About: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa |url=https://dbpedia.org/page/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>. Afrika yɛ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom kɛseɛ<ref name="Africa">{{Citation |title=Africa |date=2025-05-22 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=1291707863 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>; ɛyɛ asasepɔn a ɛwɔ megafauna ahodoɔ pii, ɛfiri sɛ Pleistocene megafauna a wɔyeraeɛ no annya so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ. Nanso, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsɛm pii nso aka Afrika kɛse, a anhweatam a ɛresɛe, kwae a wotutu, nsu a ɛho yɛ na, ne efĩ ka ho. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ahorow a agye ntini yi bɛsɛe kɛse bere a wim nsakrae ka Afrika no. Amanaman Nkabom Aban Ntam Bagua a Ɛhwɛ Wim Tebea Nsakrae So no akyerɛ sɛ Afrika ne asasepɔn a wim nsakrae betumi ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse<ref name="Africa"/><ref name="Africa"/>. Afrika, titiriw Afrika Apuei fam, yɛ nea wogye tom kɛse sɛ ɛhɔ na nnipa ne Hominidae kuw a wɔsan frɛ no akraman akɛse no fi bae. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ hominids ne wɔn nananom a wodii kan bae no bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 7 a atwam ni, na wogye di sɛ Homo sapiens (nnɛyi onipa) fii ase wɔ Afrika mfe 350,000 kosi 260,000 a atwam ni<ref name="Africa"/>. Wɔ mfirihyia apem a ɛto so 4 ne 3 A.Y.B 3000 A.Y.B. kosi 500 Y.B. Afrika ahemman ahorow bi ne Wagadu, Mali, Songhai, Sokoto, Ife, Benin, Asante, Fatimidfo, Almoravidfo, Almohadfo, Ayyubidfo, Mamlukfo, Kongo, Mwene Muji, Luba, Lunda, Kitara, Aksum, Ethiopia, Adal, Ajuran, Kilwa, Sakalava, Imerina, Maravi, Mutapa, Rozvi, . Mthwakazi, ne Zulu kasa. Ɛmfa ho sɛ na aman na ɛwɔ hɔ kɛse no, na aman pii yɛ nnipa a wɔyɛ soronko na wonni aman<ref name="Africa"/>. Nkoa aguadi maa nnipa ahorow a wɔatu akɔtra mmeae foforo bae, titiriw wɔ Amerika. Efi afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei kosi afeha a ɛto so 20 mfiase, a Mfiridwuma mu Ɔsesɛw a Ɛto so Abien no na ɛkanyan no, Europa aman dii Afrika fa kɛse no ara so nkonim ntɛmntɛm na wɔyɛɛ no ​​atubrafo, gye Ethiopia ne Liberia nkutoo<ref name="Africa"/>. Europa nniso nyaa Afrika aman so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, na wɔhwɛɛ atubra aman so a atirimpɔw no ne sɛ wɔde sikasɛm mu nneɛma bedi dwuma na wɔanya abɔde mu nneɛma. Mprempren aman dodow no ara fi adeyɛ bi a wɔde yii atubrafo fii hɔ wɔ Wiase Ko II akyi, na wɔde Afrika Biakoyɛ Ahyehyɛde sii hɔ wɔ afe 1963 mu, a edii Afrika Aman Nkabom no anim<ref name="Africa"/>. Aman a na wɔrefi ase no sii gyinae sɛ wɔbɛkora wɔn atubrafo ahye so, na wɔde atetesɛm mu tumi nhyehyɛe ahorow dii dwuma wɔ nniso mu wɔ akwan horow so. [[File:Palazzo_Ferreria_statue_2.jpeg|thumb|Statue representing Africa at Palazzo Ferreria, in [[Valletta]], [[Malta]]]] == Etymology ho adesua == ''Afri'' yɛ Latin din a wɔde kyerɛ nnipa a wɔte baabi a saa bere no na wɔfrɛ no Afrika atifi fam, a ɛwɔ Nil asubɔnten no atɔe fam, na wɔ ne ntease a ɛtrɛw mu no, ɛkyerɛ nsase a ɛwɔ Mediterranea anafo fam nyinaa, a wɔsan frɛ no Tete Libya<ref name="Africa"/>. Ɛte sɛ nea mfiase no na saa din yi kyerɛ Libya abusuakuw bi a wɔyɛ kurom hɔfo, a wɔyɛ nnɛyi Berberfo nana;<ref name="Africa"/> hwɛ Terence ma nkɔmmɔbɔ. Na wɔtaa de edin no bata Foinike asɛmfua ʿafar a ɛkyerɛ "mfutuma" ho,<ref name="Africa"/> nanso 1981 mu nsusuwii hunu bi<ref name="Africa"/> asi so dua sɛ efi Berber asɛmfua ifri (dodow kabea ifran) a ɛkyerɛ "ɔbodan", a ɛfa abodan mufo ho. Wobetumi ahu asɛmfua koro no ara<ref name="Africa"/> wɔ Banu Ifran a wofi Algeria ne Tripolitania, Berber abusuakuw bi<ref name="Africa"/> a wofi Yafran (a wɔsan frɛ no Ifrane) wɔ Libya atifi fam atɔe, ne Ifrane kurow a ɛwɔ Morocco no din mu. Wɔ Roma nniso ase no, Carthage bɛyɛɛ ɔmantam a saa bere no na wɔtoo din Africa Proconsularis no ahenkurow, wɔ nkonim a Roma dii wɔ Carthagefo so wɔ Punic Ko a Ɛto so Abiɛsa mu wɔ afe 146 A.Y.B., a na nnɛyi Libya mpoano fa nso ka ho no akyi<ref name="Africa"/>. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi de Latin asɛmfua -ica adi dwuma de akyerɛ asase bi (e.g., wɔ Celtica mu a efi Celtae mu, sɛnea Julius Caesar de dii dwuma no). Nkramofo mantam a ɛbaa akyiri yi a wɔfrɛ no Ifriqiya, bere a odii Byzantine (Apuei Fam Roma) Ahemman no Exarchatus Africae so nkonim akyi no nso kora din no bi so. Sɛnea Romafo kyerɛ no, Afrika da Misraim atɔe fam, bere a na wɔde "Asia" di dwuma de kyerɛ Anatolia ne nsase a ɛwɔ apuei fam. Asase ho nimdefo Ptolemy (85–165 Y.B.) na ɔtwee nsonsonoe pɔtee bi sii nsasepɔn abien no ntam, na ɛkyerɛɛ Alexandria wɔ Prime Meridian ho na ɛmaa Suez supɔw ne Po Kɔkɔɔ no yɛɛ Asia ne Afrika hye. Bere a Europafo bɛtee asasepɔn no kɛse ankasa ase no, adwene a ɛne sɛ "Afrika" no trɛwee wɔ wɔn nimdeɛ mu<ref>{{Citation |title=Unique Facts about Africa: Origin of the Name 'Africa' |url=https://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Africaweb/factfile/africauniquefact5.htm?utm |access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>. Wɔde etymological hypotheses afoforo ahyɛ tete din "Africa" ​​no ho asɛm: * Afeha a ɛto so 1 mu Yudani abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Flavius ​​Josephus (Ant. 1.15) sii so dua sɛ wɔde Epher, Abraham banana sɛnea Gen. 25:4 kyerɛ no, a ɔkyerɛe sɛ n’asefo tow hyɛɛ Libya so no din. * Isidore a ofi Seville wɔ ne afeha a ɛto so 7 Etymologiae XIV.5.2. kyerɛ sɛ "Africa" ​​fi Latin kasa mu aprica, a ɛkyerɛ "owia bɔ". * Massey, wɔ 1881 mu, kae sɛ wonya Afrika fii Misrifo af-rui-ka mu, a ɛkyerɛ "sɛ wɔbɛdan akɔ Ka no bue mu." Ka yɛ onipa biara ahoɔden mmɔho abien na "Ka no bue" kyerɛ awotwaa anaa awobea. Wɔ Misrifo fam no, na Afrika bɛyɛ “awobea.”<ref name="Africa"/>. * Michèle Fruyt wɔ afe 1976 mu hyɛɛ nyansa<ref name="Africa"/> sɛ wɔmfa Latin asɛmfua no bata africus "anafo fam mframa" ho, a ɛbɛyɛ nea efi Umbria na ɛkyerɛ mfiase no "osu mframa". * Robert R. Stieglitz a ɔwɔ Rutgers Sukuupɔn mu wɔ 1984 mu no de nyansahyɛ mae sɛ: "Edin Afrika a wonya fii Latin kasa mu *Aphir-ic-a mu no ne Hebri kasa mu Ophir [‘ɔdefo’] wɔ abusuabɔ." * Ibn Khallikan ne abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo afoforo bi ka sɛ Afrika din fi Himyarite hene bi a wɔfrɛ no Afrikin ibn Kais ibn Saifi ("Afrikus Abraham ba") a ɔbrɛɛ Ifriqiya ase. * Arabic afrīqā (ɔbea edin) ne ifrīqiyā, a seesei wɔtaa bɔ afrīqiyā (ɔbea) ‘Africa’, a efi ‘afara [’ = ‘ain, ɛnyɛ ‘alif] ‘sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mfutuma’ a efi ‘akyirikyiri ‘mfutuma, powder’ ne ‘afir ‘ayow, owia ayow, ayow’ ne ‘affara ‘sɛ ɛbɛyow wɔ owia mu anhwea a ɛyɛ hyew’ anaasɛ ‘sɛ wɔde mfutuma bɛpetepete so’. * Ebia Foinikefo faraqa wɔ ntease a ɛne ‘tubraman, mpaapaemu’ mu. [[File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg|thumb|Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis nnompe bi a wohuu wɔ Ethiopia Afar Triangle wɔ]] == Abakɔsεm == '''Afrika Ho Abakɔsεm''' Sɛnea Afrika amansan ho nimdeɛ kyerɛ no, Afrika abakɔsɛm mu nhumu buu abakɔsɛm mu nsakrae ne nea ɛkɔ so, nhyehyɛe ne atirimpɔw wɔ onipa ne nea atwa ne ho ahyia, anyame, ne ne nananom nhyehyɛe mu, na na ogye di sɛ ɔyɛ honhom mu ade a edi mũ no fa<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">{{Citation |title=Africa |date=2025-05-22 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=1291707863 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Wɔ Afrika aman mu no, abakɔsɛm mu adeyɛ no yɛ ɔmanfo de kɛse, a adansefo a wɔde wɔn ani huu nsɛm, nsɛm a wɔtee, nkae, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a anisoadehu, adaeso, ne nsusuwii hunu a wɔayɛ no ayɛ no asɛm a wɔde ano ka atetesɛm a wɔyɛ na wɔde ma wɔ awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>. Wɔ atetesɛm a wɔde ano ka mu no ɛtɔ mmere bi a bere yɛ anansesɛm ne asetra mu ade, na na wobu nananom sɛ abakɔsɛm mu agoruyɛfo<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>. Adwene ne nkae na ɛhyehyɛ atetesɛm, bere a nsɛm a esisi no yɛ tiawa bere tenten na ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ mu yɛ clichés.[53]: 11 Ano atetesɛm betumi ayɛ exoteric anaasɛ esoteric. Ɛkasa kyerɛ nkurɔfo sɛnea wɔn ntease te, na ɛda ne ho adi sɛnea wɔn aptitudes te<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>. Wɔ Afrika nimdeɛ ho adesua mu no, nimdeɛ asɛmti no "nya nimdeɛ ade no mu osuahu wɔ nkate, nkate, nkate mu ntease, adwene mu ntease mu, sen sɛ ɛnam abstraction nkutoo so, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Atɔe Fam nimdeɛ mu" sɛ ebedu "complete epistemology mu nimdeɛ", na sɛnea ɛte no, wɔde ano atetesɛm, nnwom, mmɛ, ne nea ɛtete saa dii dwuma wɔ nimdeɛ a wɔkora so ne nea wɔde ma mu<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>. '''Abakɔsɛm a edi kan''' Tetefo nnipa dodow no ara bu Afrika sɛ ɛyɛ asase a akyɛ sen biara a nnipa te wɔ Asase so, a Nnipa ahorow no fi asasepɔn no so. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 mfinimfini no, nnipa ho animdefo huu tetefo nneɛma pii ne adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia nnipa na wɔte hɔ mfe ɔpepem ason a atwam ni (Ansa na na ɛreba no, BP). Nnipa a wɔte sɛ akraman a wodii kan bae a wosusuw sɛ wɔdannan wɔn ho bɛyɛɛ nnɛyi nnipa, te sɛ ''Australopithecus'' ''afarensis'' a wɔde radiometric kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 3.9–3.0 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/>, ''Paranthropus boisei'' (bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 2.3–1.4 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo)<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> ne ''Homo ergaster'' (bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 1.9–600,000 BP) no na wɔahu. ''Homo sapiens'' adannandi bɛyɛ mfeɛ 350,000 kɔsi 260,000 BP wɔ Afrika akyi no<ref>{{Citation |last=Carina M. Schlebusch, Helena Malmström, Torsten Günther, Per Sjödin, Alexandra Coutinho, Hanna Edlund, Arielle R. Munters, Mário Vicente, Maryna Steyn, Himla Soodyall, Marlize Lombard, Mattias Jakobsson |title=Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago |date=2017-11-03 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao6266 |work=Science |volume=358 |issue=6363 |pages=652–655 |doi=10.1126/science.aao6266 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>, na abɔmmɔfoɔ-aboaboafoɔ akuo na wɔte asasepɔn no so titire. Saa nnɛyi nnipa a wodi kan yi fii Afrika na wɔtraa wiase no fa a aka no mu wɔ Out of Africa II atutra a efi bɛyɛ mfe 50,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no mu, na wofii asasepɔn no so twaa Bab-el-Mandeb wɔ Po Kɔkɔɔ no so<ref>{{Citation |title=National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ |language=en |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326000000/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>, Gibraltar Asubɔnten a ɛwɔ Morocco<ref>{{Citation |title=15. Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantic Ocean/Mediterranean Sea |url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/humanimprints/slide_15.html |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>, anaa Isthmus of Suez wɔ Misraim. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ nnɛyi nnipa afoforo a wɔatu akɔtra Afrika asasepɔn no so no yɛ saa bere no, na adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔtraa ase mfiase no wɔ Afrika Kesee Fam, Afrika Kesee Fam Apuei, Afrika Atifi fam, ne Sahara<ref>{{Citation |last=Candice Goucher, Linda Walton |title=WORLD HISTORY, JOURNEYS: Journeys from Past to Present |date=2013-09-13 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=gY7cAAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |publisher=Routledge |language=en |isbn=978-1-134-72354-6 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>.[[File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg|thumb|Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis nnompe bi a wohuu wɔ Ethiopia Afar Triangle wɔ]] === Anibue === Wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, Sahara kɛse a ɛsakra kɛse, na ne mpɔtam sakra ntɛmntɛm na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyera gyina wiase nyinaa wim tebea so<ref>{{Citation |last=Jeremy Keenan |title=The Sahara: Past, Present and Future |date=2013-10-18 |url=https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=KUKPAQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |publisher=Routledge |language=en |isbn=978-1-317-97001-9 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Wɔ Nsukyenee mfeɛ no awieeɛ, a wɔbu akontaa sɛ na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 10,500 A.Y.B. Nanso, wim tebea a na ɛyɛ hyew na ɛyɛ kusuu no kyerɛe sɛ ebeduu afe 5,000 A.Y.B. Bɛyɛ afe 3500 A.Y.B., ɛnam sɛ Asase no kyinhyia no dane nti, Sahara nyaa bere bi a ɛyɛ anhweatam ntɛmntɛm<ref>{{Citation |title=Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started By Changes In Earth's Orbit, Accelerated By Atmospheric And Vegetation Feedbacks |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm |language=en |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Nnipa no nantew fii Sahara mantam no mu kɔɔ Nil Bon a ɛwɔ Cataract a Ɛto so Abien no ase baabi a wɔtraa hɔ daa anaasɛ wɔtraa hɔ daa fa bi no. Wim tebea mu ɔhaw kɛse bi bae, na ɛmaa osu a ano yɛ den na ɛkɔ so tɔ wɔ Afrika Mfinimfini ne Apuei fam no so tew. Efi saa bere yi no, ɔpɛ tebea akɔ so wɔ Afrika Apuei Fam, na ɛkɔɔ so kɛse wɔ mfe 200 a atwam no mu no, Ethiopia. Anantwi a wɔyɛn wɔn wɔ afieboa mu wɔ Afrika no dii kuayɛ anim na ɛte sɛ nea na ɛwɔ hɔ ka abɔmmɔfo ne mmoa a wɔboaboa ano amammerɛ ho. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ebeduu afe 6,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, na wɔyɛn anantwi wɔ Afrika Atifi fam. Wɔ Sahara-Nile mpɔtam hɔ no, nkurɔfo yɛɛ mmoa pii fie, a afurum ne abirekyi ketewaa bi a ne mmɛn yɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a na abu so fi Algeria kosi Nubia ka ho. Wɔ afe 10,000 ne 9,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, wɔde wɔn ho yɛɛ nkuku wɔ Mali mantam mu wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam sare so<ref>{{Citation |last=Friederike Jesse |title=Early Pottery in Northern Africa – An Overview |date=2010-10-25 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/8/2/article-p219_4.xml |work=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=219–238 |language=en |doi=10.3213/1612-1651-10171 |issn=1612-1651 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Wɔ Sahara ne Sahel sare ne sare so wɔ Afrika Atifi Atɔe fam no, nnipa a ebia wɔyɛ nnɛyi Nilo-Sahara ne Mandé amammerɛ nananom fii ase boaboaa wuram atoko ano<ref>{{Citation |last=Alemseged Beldados, Andrea Manzo, Charlene Murphy, Chris J. Stevens, Dorian Q. Fuller |title=Evidence of Sorghum Cultivation and Possible Pearl Millet in the Second Millennium BC at Kassala, Eastern Sudan |date=2018 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89839-1_22 |work=Plants and People in the African Past: Progress in African Archaeobotany |pages=503–528 |editor-last=Anna Maria Mercuri, A. Catherine D'Andrea, Rita Fornaciari, Alexa Höhn |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-89839-1_22 |isbn=978-3-319-89839-1 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>,bɛyɛ afe 8,000 kosi 6,000 A.Y.B. Akyiri yi, wɔboaboaa gourds, watermelons, castor beans, ne cotton nso ano. Wodii kan yɛɛ Sorghum wɔ fie wɔ Sudan Apuei fam bɛyɛ afe 4,000 A.Y.B., wɔ kuayɛ ho nsɛm a edi kan wɔ adesamma abakɔsɛm mu no biako mu. Na ne kua no bɛtrɛw nkakrankakra wɔ Afrika nyinaa, ansa na ɛretrɛw akɔ India bɛyɛ afe 2000 A.Y.B<ref>{{Citation |last=Frank Winchell, Chris J. Stevens, Charlene Murphy, Louis Champion, DorianQ. Fuller |title=Evidence for Sorghum Domestication in Fourth Millennium BC Eastern Sudan: Spikelet Morphology from Ceramic Impressions of the Butana Group |date=2017-10 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/693898 |work=Current Anthropology |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=673–683 |doi=10.1086/693898 |issn=0011-3204 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Nnipa a wɔatwa nnɛyi Mauritania ho ahyia fii ase yɛɛ nkuku na wosisii abo atrae (e.g., Tichitt, Oualata). Mpataayi, a wɔde harpoon a nnompe ano yɛ adwuma di dwuma no bɛyɛɛ adwuma titiriw wɔ nsubɔnten ne atare pii a osu a ɛtɔe a ɛkɔɔ soro no mu bae no mu<ref>{{Citation |url=https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/getting-food/katanda-bone-harpoon-point |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no, nsu a ɛtɔe no de kwae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wom ne sare a nnua wɔ so fi Senegal kosii Cameroon bae. Wɔ 9,000 ne 5,000 A.Y.B. Wɔde peas a aniwa tuntum ne voandzeia (Afrika asase so nnuadewa), yɛɛ afieboa, na okra ne kola nnuaba dii akyi. Esiane sɛ afifide dodow no ara nyin wɔ kwae mu nti, wɔn a wɔka Niger–Congo kasa no yɛɛ abo agyan a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ a wɔde betutu kwae mu. Bɛyɛ afe 4,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, Sahara wim tebea fii ase yɛɛ kusuu ntɛmntɛm dodo<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Patrick Karl O'Brien, Patrick O'Brien |title=Atlas of World History |date=2010 |url=https://www.google.com.gh/books/edition/Atlas_of_World_History/sZ_ZRAAACAAJ?hl=en |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-974653-8 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref>. Wim nsakrae yi maa atare ne nsubɔnten so tew kɛse na ɛmaa anhweatam yɛɛ kɛse. Eyi nso maa asase dodow a ɛfata sɛ wɔtra hɔ no so tew na ɛhyɛɛ akuafo atutra kɔɔ Afrika Atɔe fam wim tebea a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse no ho nkuran<ref name=":0" />. Wɔ mfirihyia apem a edi kan A.Y.B., wuram aburow dodow a ɛso tew a ɛfa wim tebea a ɛresakra ho no maa ɛyɛɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛtrɛw akuafo mpɔtam hɔ na wɔagye aburow a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm wɔ Niger Asubɔnten no ho<ref>{{Citation |last=Philippe Cubry, Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil, Anne-Céline Thuillet, Cécile Monat, Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop, Karine Labadie, Corinne Cruaud, Stefan Engelen, Nora Scarcelli, Bénédicte Rhoné, Concetta Burgarella, Christian Dupuy, Pierre Larmande, Patrick Wincker, Olivier François, François Sabot, Yves Vigouroux |title=The Rise and Fall of African Rice Cultivation Revealed by Analysis of 246 New Genomes |date=2018-07-23 |url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)30702-4 |work=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=14 |pages=2274–2282.e6 |language=English |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.066 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=29983312 |access-date=2025-06-07}}</ref>. Eduu mfirihyia apem a edi kan A.Y.B. Bɛyɛ saa bere no nso ɛde sii hɔ wɔ Afrika Sahara anafo fam mmeae bi, ɛnam nneɛma a wɔyɛe wɔ hɔ anaasɛ ɛtrɛw fii atifi fam<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Citation |title=Africa |date=2025-05-22 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=1291707863 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2025-06-07}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/> na ɛyerae wɔ tebea horow a wonnim mu bɛyɛ afe 500 A.D., na ɛkɔɔ so bɛyɛ mfe 2,000,[83] na ebeduu afe 500 A.Y.B. Wɔde dade adwuma sii hɔ koraa bɛyɛ afe 500 A.Y.B. Wɔatutu kɔbere nneɛma a efi Egypt, Afrika Atifi fam, Nubia, ne Ethiopia a efi bɛyɛ afe 500 A.Y.B. [[File:Abu_Simbel_Main_Temple_(2346939149).jpg|thumb|Ahoni keseε a εwɔ Misrim firi afe1400 BC.]] === Afe 8 kɔpem afe 1800 === [[File:Rytter_fra_Bagirmi.jpg|thumb|Bibini a ɔte pɔnkɔ so]] [[File:Ashanti_Yam_Ceremony_1817.jpg|thumb|Asantefoɔ bayerε Afahyε]] [[File:Cedid_Atlas_(Africa)_1803.jpg|left|thumb|1803]] === Nkoasom === [[File:The_inspection_and_sale_of_a_slave.jpg|left|thumb|Nkoasom nfoni]] [[File:Colonial_Africa_1913_map.svg|thumb|Areas of Africa under the sovereignty or influence of the colonial powers in 1913, along with modern borders. {{Legend|#f7fab2|Belgium}} {{Legend|#bbfdd9|Germany}} {{Legend|#eaaff7|Spain}} {{Legend|#b6e3fc|France}} {{Legend|#fbc5c0|United Kingdom}} {{Legend|#d2f89b|Italy}} {{Legend|#c0a6f2|Portugal}} {{Legend|#f6f6f6|independent}} ]] === Post-colonial Africa === [[File:Mobutu Seko 1973.jpg|left|thumb|Mobutu Sese Seko,]] [[File:SADF-Operations_4.jpg|thumb|Afrika Anaafo Asrafoɔ]] === Wiemu Nsakraeε === [[File:Africa_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb|Afrika]] === Mmoadɔm === [[File:Zebras,_Serengeti_savana_plains,_Tanzania.jpg|left|thumb|Savanna at Ngorongoro Conservation Area, [[Tanzania]]]] [[File:Mauritius_beach.png|thumb|Tropical beach in Trou-aux-Biches, Mauritius]] == Amanwɔsεm == === Abibiman Nakbomu Kuo === [[File:Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg|thumb|Kuro a εwɔ Abibiman Nkabom Kuo mu]] == Kasa Ahodoɔ == == Amamerε == === Agodie === == εsom == {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 10px;" |[[File:Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_Addis_Abeba_2.JPG|center|thumb|The Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]] |[[File:Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan_Stitched_Panorama_-_Grande_Mosquée_de_Kairouan_Panorama.jpg|center|thumb|The Great Mosque of Kairouan, founded in 670, is the oldest mosque in North Africa;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sm0BfUKwct0C&pg=PA248|title=Hans Kung, ''Tracing the Way : Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions''. Continuum International Publishing Group|date=2006|accessdate=4 October 2014|isbn=978-0-8264-9423-8|author1=Kng|first1=Hans|page=248}}</ref> it is located in Kairouan, [[Tunisia]]]] |[[File:Voodo-altar.jpg|center|thumb|Vodun altar in Abomey, Benin]] |[[File:Catedral_Nacional_em_Abuja,_Nigéria.jpg|center|thumb|National Church of Nigeria, Abuja, [[Nigeria]]]] |[[File:Religion_distribution_Africa_crop.png|center|thumb|A map showing religious distribution in Africa]] |} * [[Kristoman]] * [[African Pentecostalism]] == Ahyeε == == Nhwehwεmu == {{Reflist}} {{Africa}} [[Nkyekyεmu:Abibiman]] {{Stub}} 24dq47gz2gcnbtfqe1zkqkn4lq9kkka 0 4737 200677 200560 2026-09-22T15:55:02Z Opoku Akaadom Sympathy 10322 /* Sukuu Pɔn */ 200677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} [[File:Ashanti in Ghana 2018.svg|190px|right]] '''Asante Mantam''' wɔ Ghana atɔeɛ fam, na ɛno ne Mantam a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa a ɛso pa ara wɔ mantam 16 no mu. Ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ 24,389&nbsp;km (9,417 sq mi) wɔ Ghana nsase mu. Sɛ ɛba nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ mantam ahodoɔ no mu a, Asante Mantam na ɛdi kan. Nnipa akenkan a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 2010 no mu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa dodoɔ 4,780,380 a wɔgyina hɔ ma ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu 19.4 na ɛwɔ Asante mantam no mu. Wonim Asante Mantam no sɛ ɛyɛ beaeɛ a sikakɔkɔɔ ne kookoo wɔ pa ara. Asante mantam ahenkuro ne [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]]. Asante Mantam wɔ Abibiman so wɔ Asaase so. Asante ne din ahodo bi ne: Esuante. Afe [[1695]] beremu na Asantehene Nana Ɔsɛe Tutu tintimm no. Bere wɔ ha yɛ 0 nnɔnhwere firi Greenwich bere ho. Ɔda tentenedo 0.15Anee kɔpem 2.25Anee na tɛtɛredo 5.50Etifi kɔpem 7.46Etifi. Atitirifo Otumfoo Ɔsɛe Tutu, ne John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor firi saa bea yi. Adaekɛse na Odwira ka [[afahyɛ]] na dwumadi ɛkɔ so wɔ Asanteman mu. [[Akan]]fo, Nkramofo na Akristofo ka nkorɔfo a wɔfi borɔn yi do. == Asase == === Beaeɛ ne ne kɛseɛ === Asante Mantam si Ghana mfimfini pɛɛ. Ɛda longitude 0.15W ne 2.25W ɛnna latitudes 5.50N ne 7.46N mfimfini. Mantam no ne mantam nsia a ɛwɔ Ghana mantam du-nsia no mu na ɛbɔ hyeɛ: Bono, Bono Atɔeɛ ne Ahafo Mantam wɔ atifi fam, Apueeɛ Mantam wɔ apueeɛ fam, Mfimfini Mantam wɔ anafoɔ fam ɛnna Atɔeɛ Mantam wɔ anafoɔ atɔeɛ fam . Yɛakyɛ Asante Mantam no mu mansini 43 a mansini biara wɔ Mansini Soafoɔ Panin a ɔda ano. == Nsrahwɛbea == * Bobiri Afofanto kwaeɛbirentuo * Bomfobiri mmoa kwaeɛbirentuo * Digya Agodibea * Kogyae abodeɛ akoraɛ * Nnomaa ne kwaeɛbirentuo a ɛwɔ Owab === Agodibea === * Beae a wɔhwɛ ammamerɛ akorae ** * Rattray Agodibea === Abakɔsem mmeaɛ === * Komfo Anokye sikan asoeɛ * Manhyia Ahenfie akoraeɛ * Kumasi Abankɛse ne Banbofo akoraeɛ * Banbofo akoraeɛ * Prempeh II mfedie akoraeɛ * Asante Amammerɛ akoraeɛ * [[Yaa Asantewaa]] akoraeɛ === Afahyakoraeɛ === [[File:Young_Drummers_at_Bomeng,_Ashanti.jpg|thumb|mmabun a wɔbɔ twene.]] Afahyɛ ahorɔw pii na wodi wɔ Asante Mantam mu, emu atitiriw ne Akwasidae ne Adae Kɛse. Eyinom yɛ afahyɛ a wodi no wɔ akan man mu. Wodi saa afahyɛ ahorɔw yi de kae tete kandifo ne adɔmmarima. ɛmfa ho sɛ saa foɔ yi awuwu no, wogyidi sɛ wɔn akra da so te wɔn mu , na wɔn ani di ateasefo nneɛma a wɔyɛ no akyi ma nti, wɔ kɔ wɔn nkyɛn abisa wɔ Adae afahyɛ bre. * Papa Afahyɛ * Kente Afahyɛ * Yaa Asantewaa Afahyɛ * Mmoa Nni Nko Afahyɛ * Nkyidwo Afahyɛ === Nsrahwɛbea afoforow === [[File:2010_FarmersDay_AshantiRegion_Ghana_5262946799.jpg|thumb|Kuayɛ ho Afahyɛ mfoni]] * Kejetia Dwadibea * Patakro abosomfie * Adinkra ntoma tintimbea wɔ Ntonso * Adanwomase Kente Akura * Bonwire Kente Akura * Ahwiaa Nnuanwene akura == Demographics == <br /> [[File:Ass_Hall.jpg|thumb|Anglican Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi]] === Ntoaso sukuu ahorɔw === {{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * Dadease Senior High School, Dadease * Dompoase Senior High School, Dompoasi * Afia Kobi Ampem Girls (Royal AKAGSHS) * Adanwomase SENIOR High School (ADASS) * Agogo State College, Agogo Asante-Akyem * Agona SDA Senior High School, Agona * [[Anglican Senior High School, Kumasi]] * Asanteman School (Real Assas) * Osei Tutu Senior High School (OT) * Bekwai SDA Senior High School * [[Ghana Armed Forces Secondary Technical School, Kumasi]] * Beposo Senior High School, Beposo * Collins Secondary Commercial School, Agog o Asante-Akyem * Effiduase Senior High School, Effiduase * Ejisuman Senior High School, Ejisu * Ejuraman Senior High School, Ejura * Fomena T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Adansi Fomena * Jachie-Pramso Senior High School (Formerly MIGHTY JAPASS) * Komfo Anokye Senior High School, Wiamoase * [[Kumasi Academy]], Asokore-Mampong, Kumasi * [[Kumasi Girls Senior High School|Kumasi Girls' Senior High School]] * Kumasi Wesley Girls High School * Kumasi High School * Obuasi Secondary Technical School (O.S.T.S) * Wesley Senior High School (WEHIS), Bekwai * Adventist Senior High School (ADASS),Bantama * Ofoase Kokoben Senior High School (OFKOSS) * Adventist Girls Senior High School (ADGISS),Ntonso * [[Opoku Ware School]], Kumasi. * [[St. Louis Senior High School]], Oduom * Nkawie Secondary Technical School. * Oppong Memorial Senior High School. * Osei Kyeretwie Senior High School, Kumasi. * [[Prempeh College]], Kumasi. * Simms Senior High School, Fawoade * Bonwire Senior High Tech. School. * St Joseph Senior High School (Ehuren) * St. Monica's Senior High School, Mampong * Amaniampong Senior High School, Mampong * T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Kumasi * T.I. Ahmadiyya Girls' Senior High School, Asokore * Jacobu Senior High School, Jacobu * Juaben Senior High School, Juaben * Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School, Tanoso * [[Kumasi Senior High Technical School]] (K.S.T.S), * [[Tepa Senior High School, Tepa]]. (GREAT TESS). * Mabang Senior High School, Mabang. {{colend}} * Dadease Ntoaso sukuu, Dadease * Dompoase Ntoaso sukuul, Dompoasi * Afia Kobi Ampem mmaa (Royal AKAGSHS) * Adanwomase SNtoaso sukuu (ADASS) * Agogo State College, Agogo Asante-Akyem * Agona SDA Ntoaso sukuul, Agona * Anglican Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi * Asanteman Sukuu (Real Assas) * Osei Tutu Ntoaso sukuu (OT) * Bekwai SDA Ntoaso sukuu * Ghana Armed Forces Secondary Technical School, Kumasi * Beposo Ntoaso sukuu, Beposo * Collins Secondary Commercial School, Agog o Asante-Akyem * Effiduase Ntoaso sukuu, Effiduase * Ejisuman Ntoaso sukuu, Ejisu * Ejuraman Ntoaso sukuu, Ejura * Fomena T.I. Ahmadiyya Ntoaso sukuu, Adansi Fomena * Jachie-Pramso Ntoaso sukuu(tete no MIGHTY JAPASS) * Komfo Anokye Ntoaso sukuu, Wiamoase * Kumasi Academy, Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi * Kumasi mmaa' Ntoaso sukuu * Kumasi Wesley mmaa Ntoaso sukuu * Kumasi Ntoaso sukuu * Obuasi Secondary Technical School (O.S.T.S) * Wesley Ntoaso sukuu (WEHIS), Bekwai * Adventist Ntoaso sukuu (ADASS),Bantama * Ofoase Kokoben Ntoaso sukuu (OFKOSS) * Adventist mmaa Senior High School (ADGISS),Ntonso * Opoku Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi. * St. Louis Ntoaso sukuu, Oduom * Nkawie Secondary Technical School. * Oppong Nkae Ntoaso sukuu. * Osei Kyeretwie Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi. * Prempeh College, Kumasi. * Simms Ntoaso sukuul, Fawoade * Bonwire Ntoaso sukuu * St JosephNtoaso sukuu (Ehuren) * St. Monica's Ntoaso sukuu, Mampong * Amaniampong Ntoaso sukuu, Mampong * T.I. Ahmadiyya Ntoaso sukuu, Kumasi * T.I. Ahmadiyya mmaa Ntoaso sukuu, Asokore * Jacobu Ntoaso sukuu, Jacobu * Juaben Ntoaso sukuu, Juaben * Yaa Asantewaa mmaa Ntoaso sukuu, Tanoso * Kumasi Senior High Technical School (K.S.T.S), * Tepa Ntoaso sukuu, Tepa. (GREAT TESS). * Mabang Ntoaso sukuul, Mabang. === Sukuu Pɔn === Asante mantam wo oman sukuu pon baako ane din [[:en:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] ne Polytechnic baako a ne nyinaa wo Kumasi. Ankoreankore suapon ahorow pii nso wo mantam no mu. [[File:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG|thumb|Kwame Nkrumah Sukuu pɔn]] ==== Sukuu Pɔn ==== {{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi]] * Ghana Baptist University College, Kumasi * Spiritan University College, Ejisu * [[Garden City University College]], Kenyasi, Kumasi * University of Education, Kumasi Campus, Kumasi * National Institute Of Information Technology, Kumasi Campus NIIT. * [[Kumasi Technical University]], K-Poly * IPMC, Kumasi Campus * Akrokerri College of Education * St. Monica's College of Education, Mampong * Christian Service University College, Odeneho Kwadaso * Wesley College of Education * St. Louis College of Education {{colend}} * Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi * Ghana Baptist University College, Kumasi * Spiritan University College, Ejisu * Garden City University College, Kenyasi, Kumasi * University of Education, Kumasi Campus, Kumasi * National Institute Of Information Technology, Kumasi Campus NIIT. * Kumasi Technical University, K-Poly * IPMC, Kumasi Campus * Akrokerri College of Education * St. Monica's College of Education, Mampong * Christian Service University College, Odeneho Kwadaso * Wesley College of Education * St. Louis College of Education * University of Education, Mampog Campus * Mampong Technical College of Education (MAMTECH) * S.D.A. College of Education, Agona == Ayaresa == [[File:Komfo_Anokye_Teaching_Hospital,_Kumasi,_Ghana.jpg|left|thumb|Komfo Anokye Ayaresabea]] Kwadaso SDA HAyaresabeal Komfo Anokye TAyaresabea First care Ayaresabea Tafo Aban Ayaresabea Suntreso Government Hospital == Agorɔ == [[File:Kumasi924.JPG|thumb|Baba Yara Agoprammaso]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Asante Kotoko F.C.|Kumasi Asante Kotoko]] *[[Ashanti Gold SC]] *[[King Faisal Babes|King Faisal Babies F.C.]] *[[New Edubiase United]] *Main stadium is [[Kumasi Sports Stadium]] {{div col end}} * Kumasi Asante Kotoko * Ashanti Gold SC * King Faisal Babies F.C. * New Edubiase United * Main stadium is Kumasi Sports Stadium == Mpesua == The political administration of the region is through the local government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into 30 districts made up of 1 Metropolitan, 7 Municipal and 22 Ordinary districts. Each District, Municipal or Metropolitan Area, is administered by a Chief Executive, representing the central government but deriving authority from an Assembly headed by a presiding member elected from among the members themselves. [[File:Districts_of_the_Ashanti_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|600x600px|DistrictsAsAsante mantam]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Asante Mantam mu mpesua |- !Mpesua !Ahenkurow !Nnipa dodoɔ |- |Adansi Atifi |Fomena |235,680 (2000 census) |- |Adansi Atɔe |New Edubiase |129,325 (2000 census) |- |Afigya-Kwabre |Kodie | |- |Ahafo Ano Atifi |Tepa |71,856 (2000 census) |- |Ahafo Ano Atɔe |Mankranso |133,874 (2000 census) |- |Amansin Mfinfin |Jacobu |219, 508 (2000 census) |- |Amansie |Manso Nkwanta |108, 768 (2000 census) |- |Asante Akim Nfinfin |Konongo |71,508 (2010 census) |- |Asante Akim Atifi |Agogo, Ghana |126, 465 (2000 census) |- |Asante Akim Atɔe |Juaso |96, 885 (2000 census) |- |Asokore Mampong Mpesua |Asokore Mampong |304,815 (2010 census) |- |Atwima Kwanwoma |Foase Kokoben |234, 759 (2000 census) |- |Atwima Mponua |Nyinahin | |- |Atwima Nwabiagya |Nkawie | |- |Bekwai mpesua |Bekwai | |- |Bosome Freho |Asiwa | |- |Bosomtwe |Kuntenase |145,524 (2000 census) |- |Ejisu-Juaben Mpesua |Ejisu |124,179 (2000 census) |- |Ejura/Sekyeredumase |Ejura |81, 119 (2000 census) |- |Kumasi Mpesua |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |1,171,311 (2000 census) |- |Kwabre |Mamponteng |164,668 (2000 census) |- |Mampong Mpesua |Mampong | |- |Obuasi Mpesua |Obuasi | |- |Ofinso mpesua |Offinso |138, 190 (2000 census) |- |Offinso Atifi |Akomadan | |- |Sekyere Afram Plains |Drobonso |28,535 (2010 census) |- |Sekyere Mfinfin |Nsuta | |- |Sekyere Apuei |Effiduase |157, 378 |- |Sekyerre Kumawu |Kumawu |65,402 (2010 census) |- |Sekyere Atɔe |Agona Ashanti |143, 213 |} == Atitiriw a wofi Mantam no mu == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Atitiriw a wofi Asante Mantam |- !ɔmanni !Settlement |- |Mamme Efya Nyarko |Asante, Ghana |- |Richmond Boakye |Agogo |- |Deborah Owusu-Bonsu |Pakyi no2 |- |Sulley Mantari |Konongo |- |Sonia Ibrahim |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Emmanuel Frimpong |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Kofi Annan |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |John Kufuor |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Isaac Vorsah |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Juliet Ibrahim |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Sam Jonah |Obuasi |- |Rhian Benson |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Samuel Kuffour |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Tony Yeboah |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Kwadwo Asamoh |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Maxwell Konadu |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Harrison Afful |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Quincy Owusu-Abeyie |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Kevin-Prince Boateng |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |Kofi Kingston |[[Kumase|Kumasi]] |- |- |} {{Mantamu a ɛwɔ Ghana}} [[Nkyekyεmu:Mantam a ɛwɔ Ghana]] n54bi8iktcjc0gx2ywou97ujg302o7y 0 7169 200685 134167 2026-09-23T01:59:26Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Nyinsɛn a wɔhyɛ da yi | Image =Abortion Laws.svg | Width = 350 | Caption =Abortion laws globally<ref name="UN2013info">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/policy/WorldAbortionPolicies2013/WorldAbortionPolicies2013_WallChart.pdf|title=World Abortion Policies 2013|publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> {{leftlegend|#3465a4|Legal on request}} {{leftlegend|#73d216|Legal with justification}} {{leftlegend|#edd400|Illegal except for maternal life, health, rape, or fetal defects}} {{leftlegend|#c17d11|Illegal except for maternal life, health, or rape}} {{leftlegend|#f57900|Illegal except for maternal life or health}} {{leftlegend|#cc0000|Illegal, no exceptions}} {{leftlegend|#2e3436|Varies}} {{leftlegend|#b9b9b9|No information}} | ICD10 = {{ICD10|O|04||o|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|779.6}} | DiseasesDB = 4153 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 002912 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 252560 | MeshID = }} <!-- Terminology --> '''Nyinsɛntogu''' yɛ nea wɔhyɛ da yi [[nyinsɛn(mmoa a wɔwo)|nyinsɛn]] denam yi a wɔhyɛ da yi mogyatɔw anaa akokoaa fi [[awotwaa mu]] [[akokoaa a ɔrenyin|a ɔrenyin]] ansa na watumi [[mogyatɔw a ebetumi anyin ayɛ nnipa|ɛno ara betumi atena ase]]. Nyinsɛn ankasa nso tumi sɛe, na mpɛn pii no wɔka eyi ho asɛm sɛ [[nyinsɛn a asɛe]]. Wobetumi nso ahyɛ da ayi agu, na wɔfrɛ eyi nyinsɛntogu. Asɛmfua ''nyinsɛntogu'' mpɛn pii no kyerɛ nyinsɛn a wɔhyɛ da yi gu wɔ nnipa mu. Biribi a ɛte saa a wɔyɛ bere a mogyatɔw no ankasa betumi anyin ayɛ nnipa no, wɔfrɛ no wɔ aduruyɛ mu "[[nyinsɛn a wɔayi no akyiri]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grimes|first1=DA |last2=Stuart |first2=G |title=Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology |journal=Contraception |year=2010 |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=93–6 |pmid=20103443 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005}}</ref> <!-- Methods and safety --> Wɔ nnansa yi aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde nnuru a wɔfa anaa oprehyen so na eyi nyinsɛn gu. Nnuru abien yi-[[mifepristone]]ne [[prostaglandin]]yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ eyi mu te sɛ oprehyen a wɔyɛ [[wɔ bosome abiesa a edi kan no mu]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kulier|first1=R|last2=Kapp|first2=N|last3=Gülmezoglu|first3=AM|last4=Hofmeyr|first4=GJ|last5=Cheng|first5=L|last6=Campana|first6=A|title=Medical methods for first trimester abortion.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=Nov 9, 2011|issue=11|pages=CD002855|pmid=22071804|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub4}}</ref><ref name="Kapp2013" /> Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi de nnuru adi dwuma wɔ[[bosome abiesa a ɛtɔ so abien mu de]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wildschut|first1=H|last2=Both|first2=MI|last3=Medema|first3=S|last4=Thomee|first4=E|last5=Wildhagen|first5=MF|last6=Kapp|first6=N|title=Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=Jan 19, 2011|issue=1|pages=CD005216|pmid=21249669|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005216.pub2}}</ref>nanso ɛte sɛ nea oprehyen mmom ntaa mmfa asɛm mma.<ref name="Kapp2013" /> [[Aduru a wɔde siw awo ano]], a nea ɛka ho ne [[topae de a wɔnom|aduru a ɛyɛ topae]] ne [[adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ awotwaa mu]]yɛ nea wobetumi afi ase ntɛm pa ara wɔ nyinsɛntogu no akyi.<ref name="Kapp2013">{{cite journal|last1=Kapp|first1=N|last2=Whyte|first2=P|last3=Tang|first3=J|last4=Jackson|first4=E|last5=Brahmi|first5=D|title=A review of evidence for safe abortion care.|journal=Contraception|date=Sep 2013|volume=88|issue=3|pages=350–63|pmid=23261233|doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.027}}</ref> Nyinsɛntogu wɔ [[aman a wɔanya wɔn ho]] mu yɛ nea abakɔsɛm kyerɛ sɛ [[#Bammɔ|ka aduruyɛ mu nnwuma a bammɔ wom ho]] bere a wɔma ho kwan wɔ [[mmara a ɛfa nyinsɛntogu mu|mmara a ɛwɔ ɔman no mu]].<ref name="lancet-grimes">{{Cite journal |last1=Grimes |first1=D. A. |last2=Benson |first2=J. |last3=Singh |first3=S. |last4=Romero |first4=M. |last5=Ganatra |first5=B. |last6=Okonofua |first6=F. E. |last7=Shah |first7=I. H. |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6 |title=Unsafe abortion: The preventable pandemic |journal=The Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9550 |pages=1908–1919 |year=2006 |pmid=17126724 |url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/general/lancet_4.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Ray2014">{{cite journal|last1=Raymond|first1=EG|last2=Grossman|first2=D|last3=Weaver|first3=MA|last4=Toti|first4=S|last5=Winikoff|first5=B|title=Mortality of induced abortion, other outpatient surgical procedures and common activities in the United States.|journal=Contraception|date=Nov 2014|volume=90|issue=5|pages=476–479|pmid=25152259|doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.012}}</ref> Nyinsɛn a woyi no kwan pa so ntaa mmfa adwenemyare anaa nipaduam haw biara mma.<ref name="BMJ2014" /> [[Wiase Akwanhosan Ahyehyɛde]]hyɛ nyansa sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mmea a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa nya hokwan koro ara yi a bammɔ wom na mmara ma kwan.<ref name="WHOPolicy2012">{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems|date=2012|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4154843-4|page=8|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70914/1/9789241548434_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> [[Nyinsɛn a wonnyi no kwan pa so]]ma mmea bɛyɛ mpem aduanan nsɔn [[mmaatan a wɔhwere wɔn nkwa]]<ref name="BMJ2014">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lohr | first1 = P. A. | last2 = Fjerstad | first2 = M. | last3 = Desilva | first3 = U. | last4 = Lyus | first4 = R. | title = Abortion | journal = BMJ | volume = 348 | page = f7553 | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.f7553}}</ref>na ɛma wɔde mmea ɔpepem anum nso kɔ ayaresabea afe biara.<ref name="OBGY09">{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=I. |last2=Ahman |first2=E. |title=Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges |journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=1149–58 |date=December 2009 |pmid=20085681 |url=http://www.sogc.org/jogc/abstracts/full/200912_WomensHealth_1.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716212405/http://www.sogc.org/jogc/abstracts/full/200912_WomensHealth_1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology --> Nyinsɛn ahorow bɛyɛ ɔpepem aduanan anan na woyi gu wɔ wiase nyinaa afe biara, a bɛyɛ emu fa na wɔnnyɛ no kwan pa so.<ref name="Sedgh 2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Sedgh |first1=G. |last2=Singh |first2=S. |last3=Shah |first3=I. H. |last4=Åhman |first4=E. |last5=Henshaw |first5=S. K. |last6=Bankole |first6=A. |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61786-8 |title=Induced abortion: Incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008 |journal=The Lancet |volume=379 |issue=9816 |pages=625–632 |year=2012 |pmid=22264435 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/Sedgh-Lancet-2012-01.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> Nyinsɛntogu ahorow a akɔ so nsesae ahe biara fi afe 2003 kosi afe 2008 mu,<ref name="Sedgh 2012" /> bere a akɔ fam wɔ mfe dudu mu bere a ntetee a ɛfa sɛnea [[wɔte abusua dodow so]]ne [[awo a wosiw ano]]anya nkɔanim no<ref name="worldtrends2007">{{Cite journal |author=Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J |title=Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends |journal=Int Fam Plan Perspect |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=106–116 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17938093 |doi=10.1363/ifpp.33.106.07 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3310607.html |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-date=2009-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819122933/http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3310607.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wiase nyinaa mmea ɔha mu nkyekyem aduanan nyaa hokwan yii nyinsɛn gui "a wɔansiw wɔn kwan".<ref name="IJGO10" /> Nanso yɛwɔ anohyeto fa bosome dodow a nyinsɛn bi bedi ansa na wobetumi ayi agu.<ref name="IJGO10">{{Cite journal|author=Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M|title=Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion |journal=[[International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics]] |volume=110 |pages=S13–16 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20451196 |doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.003}}</ref> <!-- History, society and culture --> Nyinsɛn a wɔhyɛ da yi gu kura abakɔsɛm. Wɔafa akwan ahorow so ayɛ eyi, a nea ɛka ho ne [[aduru a wɔfa|ahabannuru]], nnwinnade a wɔde twitwa ade, [[nyinsɛn no a wɔde nsa keka]], ne afoforo[[mpɔtam hɔ nnuru|mpɔtam hɔ akwan ahorow]] fi tete.<ref name="Management of Abortion, Chp 1">{{cite book|chapter=1. Abortion and medicine: A sociopolitical history|isbn=978-1-4443-1293-5|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.]]|year=2009|location=[[Oxford, United Kingdom]]|title=Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy|edition=1st|editors=MPaul, ES Lichtenberg, L Borgatta, DA Grimes, PG Stubblefield, MD Creinin|first=Carole|last=Joffe|url=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/62/14051769/1405176962.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62bppK1Iw?url=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/62/14051769/1405176962.pdf|archivedate=21 October 2011|deadurl=no|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref> [[Mmara a ɛfa nyinsɛntogu ho|nyinsɛntogu ho mmara]], mpɛn dodow a wɔyɛ no ne amammere ne ɔsom a ɛbata ho gu ahorow wɔ wiase afa ahorow. Wɔ akwan bi so no, mmara ma nyinsɛntogu ho kwan bere a nneɛma bi asisi te sɛ [[abusuafo ntam nna]], mmonaato, [[dɛmdi wɔ mogyatɔw no ho|ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ mogyatɔw no ho]], sikasɛm anaa maame no akwanhosan.<ref name="Dev98-07">{{Cite journal|last1=Boland |first1=R. |last2=Katzive |first2=L. |doi=10.1363/ifpp.34.110.08 |title=Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 1998–2007 |journal=International Family Planning Perspectives |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=110–120 |year=2008 |pmid=18957353 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3411008.html}}</ref> Wɔ wiase afa horow mu no [[Nyinsɛntogu ho anobaabae|ɔmanfo mu akasakasa]] de fa ɔbrapa, [[sɛ wɔma kwan|wɔma kwan]], ne sɛ ebia mmara ma nyinsɛntogu ho kwan anaa. Wɔn a [[wɔkasa tia nyinsɛntogu|wɔsɔre tia nyinsɛntogu]] kyerɛ sɛ mogyatɔw a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu yɛ nnipa a ɔwɔ [[hokwan sɛ ɔtena ase]]na yebetumi de nyinsɛntogu atoto [[awudi]]ho.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Pastor Mark Driscoll |title=What do 55 million people have in common? |publisher=Fox News |date=18 October 2013 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/10/18/what-do-55-million-people-have-in-common/ |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831022138/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/10/18/what-do-55-million-people-have-in-common/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Dale Hansen |title=Abortion: Murder, or Medical Procedure? |publisher=Huffington Post |date=18 March 2014 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dale-hansen/abortion-murder-or-medica_b_4986637.html}}</ref> Wɔn a wɔtaa nyinsɛntogu akyi [[wɔtaa akyi|nyinsɛntogu hokwan]] si so dua [[awo mu hokwan|hokwan a ɔbea wɔ sɛ osi gyinae fa n'ankasa nipadua ho]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sifris|first1=Ronli Noa|title=Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture.|date=2013|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-135-11522-7|page=3|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9pVWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3}}</ref>a wɔsan si so dua sɛ [[hokwan a nnipa wɔ]]mpɛn pii.<ref name="WHOPolicy2012" /> ==Nsεm afoforo== <references /> [[Nkyekyem:Gao lazamankwala]] ejxpufy1wxteotce7ucaw9qs9gek1lf 0 15118 200683 163657 2026-09-23T01:41:06Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200683 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using Infobox sportsperson with unknown parameters|residenceLynn Seidemann]] Lynn Seidemann (wɔwoo no November 19, 1963) yɛ Amerikani a na anka ɔyɛ mmubuafo akongua tɛnis bɔfo ne obi a ɔte dressage so. Ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a obubuafo bere a onyaa akwanhyia wɔ skiing so wɔ 1983 mu akyi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/para-equestrian/athletes/Lynn-Seidemann|title=Lynn Seidemann - Team USA Profile|last=|first=|date=3 March 2020|website=United States Olympic Committee|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101055016/http://www.teamusa.org/para-equestrian/athletes/Lynn-Seidemann|archive-date=1 January 2016|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lynn-seidemann|title=Lynn Seidemann - IPC Profile|last=|first=|date=3 March 2020|website=International Paralympic Committee|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/lynn-seidemann-has-scored-her-own-paralympic-double|title=Lynn Seidemann Has Scored Her Own Paralympic Double|last=|first=|date=9 January 2005|website=The Chronicle of the Horse|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> == References == 47pnrg2r8tf15a248l35tfkhhtnmp5b 0 15522 200680 199838 2026-09-23T00:34:30Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = | image_size = | caption = Angus Taylor's life-size [[bronze sculpture]] of Brenda Fassie outside Bassline, a [[music venue]] in [[Johannesburg]]. [[The Sunday Times (South Africa)|''The Sunday Times'']] commissioned the tribute, which was installed in March 2006. | birth_name = Brenda Nokuzola Fassie | alias = MaBrrri Brenda | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1964|11|3}} | birth_place = [[Langa, South Africa]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|5|9|1964|11|3}} | death_place = [[Johannesburg]], South Africa | genre = [[Afropop music|Afro-pop]] | occupation = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|dancer|activist}} | years_active = 1981–2004 | label = [[CCP Records]] | associated_acts = [[Brenda ne the Big Dudes]] | website = }} '''Brenda Nokuzola Fassie'''<ref name="sahistory.org.za">http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/brenda-nokuzola-fassie</ref> (3 Ɔbɛnem 1964 – 9 Ɔbɛnem 2004)<ref name=":3">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p21870</ref> yɛ [[South Africa]]ni odwontofoɔ, nnwom kyerɛwfoɔ, asawfoɔ ne ɔdeyɛfo.<ref name=":4">{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-11-29/features/9004080965_1_nelson-mandela-south-africa-conditions-for-black-people |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2013-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034525/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-11-29/features/9004080965_1_nelson-mandela-south-africa-conditions-for-black-people |url-status=dead }}</ref> N'akyidifoɔ de ɔdɔ frɛ no '''MaBrrr''', wɔsan frɛ no "Afrika Pop Hemmaa", "[[Madonna]] of The Townships" anaasɛ [[:en:Honorific nicknames in popular music#F|The Black Madonna]] kɛkɛ.<ref name=":4" /> N'akokoduru a ɔyɛe wɔ agoprama so no nyaa din sɛ "'''abufuw'''";<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000782,00.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2013-12-10 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131210130726/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000782,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> anwonwasɛm ne sɛ, ne Xhosa din, Nokuzola, kyerɛ "kommyɛ", "kommyɛ", anaa "asomdwoe". == Asetra mu nsɛm == Wɔwoo '''Brenda Nokuzola Fassie''' wɔ [[Langa, South Africa|Langa, Cape Town]] wɔ 3 Ɔbɛnem 1964, na ɔyɛ mmofra baakron mu akumaa.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3700309.stm</ref> Wɔde Amerikani odwontofo '''[[Brenda Lee]]''' din too ne din.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Ne papa wui bere a na wadi mfe abien pɛ; ɛnam ne maame a ɔyɛ piano sankubɔfo mmoa so no, ankyɛ na ofii ase nyaa sika denam nnwom a ɔto maa nsrahwɛfo no so. Fassie nyinii wɔ nnwontofo fie, na na ne maame yɛ piano sankubɔfo na ne mpena nso yɛ sankubɔfo.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/brenda-fassie-549906.html</ref> Bere a na ɔyɛ abofra no, ɔdaa awosu mu nimdeɛ a ɔwɔ wɔ nnwom ne nnwom a wɔbɔ mu adi. Fassie nkɔsoɔ no baeɛ wɔ 1980 mfeɛ no awieeɛ mu berɛ a ɔde ne ho kɔbɔɔ [[Afro-pop]] kuw a wɔfrɛ wɔn Brenda and the Big Dudes no. Wɔboom yii nnwom nhoma ahorow pii a edii yiye adi, na Fassie asɛnka agua so a na ɛyɛ nwonwa ne ne nne a ɛyɛ nnam no maa ɔbɛyɛɛ nsoromma ntɛm ara.<ref name=":2" /> Bere a odii mfe 16 wɔ afe 1981 mu no, '''Hendrick "Koloi" Lebona''' bɛsraa no. Ne saa nti, ofii Cape Town kɔɔ [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], kɔhwehwɛɛ n’ahonyade sɛ odwontofo. Fassie dii kan kɔkaa nnwontofo kuw [[Joy Music Group|Joy]] ho (ɔhyɛɛ emufo no mu biako a na ɔwɔ awo akwamma mu)<ref name="sahistory.org.za"/> na akyiri yi ɔbɛyɛɛ odwontofo panyin maa kurow bi mu nnwom kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no [[Brenda ne the Big Dudes]].<ref name=":3" /> Ɔwoo ɔbabarima, Bongani, wɔ 1985 mu a ne yɔnko Big Dudes nnwontofo bi na ɔwoo no. Ɔwaree Nhlanhla Mbambo wɔ afe 1989 mu, nanso wɔn baanu no gyaee aware wɔ afe 1991. Bɛyɛ saa bere yi na [[cocaine]] de ne ho hyɛɛ mu na n’adwuma huu amane esiane eyi nti.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220359/http://www.women24.com/Wellness/WomensHealth/The-life-of-Brenda-Fassie-20040518</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/may/11/guardianobituaries.southafrica</ref> Esiane sɛ na Fassie nya adwene a ɛda adi pefee na ɔtaa kɔsra [[Johannesburg]] nkurow a wodi hia no mu, ne nnwom a ɛfa asetra wɔ nkurow no mu ho nti, nkurɔfo ani gyee ho kɛse. Ɔsan nso de ne nnwom dii dwuma de sɔre tiaa [[nnipa mu nyiyim nniso a ɛwɔ South Africa]] no.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pech.12203</ref> Wɔ afe 1989 mu no, oyii dwom "[[Black President]]" adi sɛ ayɛyɛde maa [[Nelson Mandela]], amammuisɛm mu deduani na akyiri yi ɔyɛɛ South Africa Abibifo ɔmampanyin a odi kan. Wɔ saa afe yi a mu no, Fassie fii ase yɛɛ adwuma a ɔno nkutoo na ɔyɛe na oyii ne nnwom nhoma a edi kan a wɔato din "[[Weekend Special]]", a ɛbɛyɛɛ nnwom a agye din kɛse wɔ South Africa. Album no daa ne pop, disko, ne Afrikafo amammerɛ nnwom a wɔde adi afra soronko adi, na ne nkonimdi no na ɛmaa Fassie nyaa din a ɛyɛ nwonwa no mfiase.<ref name=":4" /> Ɔdii akyi de nnwom nhoma ahodoɔ pii a ɛdi mu, a "Too Late for Mama" (1990) ne "[[Memeza]]" (1997) ka ho, a ɛmaa ne gyinabea yɛɛ den sɛ adwumfo a wɔagye din na wɔwɔ nkɛntɛnsoɔ paa wɔ South Africa no mu baako.<ref name=":2">[https://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,2044674,00.htm https://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,2044674,00.html]</ref> Wonim Fassie yiye wɔ ne nnwom "[[Weekend Special]]" ne "Too Late for Mama" ho, Time nsɛmma nhoma frɛɛ no ​​"The Madonna of the Townships" wɔ 2001 mu na n'adwuma huu amane esiane eyi nti.<ref name=":1" /> Wɔ 1995 mu no, wohuu no wɔ ahɔhodan bi mu a na ne dɔfo bea, Poppie Sihlahla, a na ɛda adi sɛ ɔnom boro so awu no amu.<ref name=":0" /> Fassie yɛɛ ahosiesie na ɔmaa n’adwuma san kɔɔ ne kwan so.<ref name=":0" /> Nanso, na ɔda so ara wɔ nnubɔne ho haw, na ɔsan kɔɔ ayaresabea ahorow a wɔhwɛ nnubɔne so bɛyɛ mpɛn 30 wɔ n’asetra mu.<ref name=":0" /> Efi 1996 rekɔ no oyii ne nnwom nhoma ahorow pii adi, a nea ɛka ho ne Now Is the Time, Memeza (1997), ne Nomakanjani?. Ne nnwom nhoma dodow no ara bɛyɛɛ nea wɔtɔn platinum pii wɔ South Africa; [[Memeza]] yɛ album a wɔtɔn sen biara wɔ South Africa wɔ 1998 mu.<ref name=":0" /> === Ankorankoro Ɔhaw Ahorow === Nanso, na Fassie ankasa asetra nyɛ nea nsɛnnennen biara nni mu. Na [[cocaine]] da so ara yɛ Fassie asetra fa bere a n’adamfo paa ne ne dɔfo wui bere a ɔnom nsa anadwo mũ nyinaa akyi no. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ awerɛhosɛm no na ɛhyɛɛ Fassie ma ofii ne dawurubɔ mu na ɔkɔɔ studio hɔ kɔkyeree ne watershed album "[[Memeza]]."<ref name=":2" /> Ɔko tiaa nnubɔnenom, na ɛkaa n’adwuma ne n’ankasa abusuabɔ. Wɔ saa apereperedi ahorow yi nyinaa akyi no, ɔkɔɔ so bɔɔ nnwom na ɔkɔɔ so yɛɛ obi a wɔdɔ no wɔ South Africa nnwom mu.<ref name=":2" /> == Ngye to mu == Fassie nyaa [[South Africa Nnwom Abasobɔde]] anum: Ɔbea Adwumfo ne Dwom a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Afe no mu wɔ 1999 mu, Dwom a wɔtɔn sen biara a wɔayi no adi wɔ Mfe Du no mu ne Dwom a Ɛsen Biara wɔ Mfe Du no mu wɔ 2004, ne Nkwa Nna mu Nkɔso Abasobɔde wɔ afe 2005. Ɔsan nso nyaa [[Kora Awards|Kora Abasobɔde]] abiɛsa: Ɔbea Mfoniniyɛfo a Ɔhyɛ Bɔ Sen Biara wɔ Afrika ne Ɔbea Mfoniniyɛfo a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Afrika wɔ 1996 mu, ne Asɛnni Baguafo Abasobɔde Titiriw wɔ afe 2001. Wɔtoo aba paw no sɛ ɔto so 17 wɔ [[Great South Africans|South Africafo akɛse 100 a Wɔsen biara]] no mu. Ne babarima Bongani "Bongz" Fassie too "I'm So Sorry", dwom a wɔde hyiraa ne maame so, wɔ 2005 [[Academy Award]]-winning sini [[Tsotsi]] no nnyigyei mu. Wɔ March 2006 mu no, wɔde Fassie [[Bronze sculpture|kɔbere ohoni]] a ne kɛse te sɛ onipa a mfoniniyɛfo Angus Taylor yɛe sii Bassline, [[Music venue|nnwom beae]] bi a ɛwɔ Johannesburg akyi.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://newtown.co.za/heritage/art |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517224323/http://newtown.co.za/heritage/art |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ne Wuo == Wɔ 26 April 2004 anɔpa no, Fassie hwee ase wɔ ne fie wɔ [[Buccleuch, Gauteng]], na wɔde no kɔɔ ayaresabea bi wɔ [[Sunninghill]].<ref name=":3" /> Mfiase no wɔka kyerɛɛ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo sɛ ne koma ayɛ basaa, nanso akyiri yi wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔde ne ho kɔhyɛɛ komayare a ayamtu ntua de bae mu.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1438157/south-africas-brenda-fassie-dies-aged-39 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2015-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916121233/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1438157/south-africas-brenda-fassie-dies-aged-39 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Amanneɛbɔ a wɔde mae wɔ ne wu akyi no daa no adi sɛ Fassie nom cocaine boro so anadwo a ɔhwee ase no, na eyi na ɛde ne coma bae. Ogyaee home na n’amemene sɛee esiane mframa pa a onni nti. [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Winnie Mandela]], ne [[Thabo Mbeki]] kɔsraa Fassie wɔ ayaresabea hɔ, na ne tebea no yɛ kratafa a edi kan amanneɛbɔ wɔ [[South Africa]] nkrataa mu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3699055.stm</ref> Owui bere a na wadi mfe 39 wɔ May 9, 2004 wɔ ayaresabea, a wannya n’adwene bio, bere a wodum mfiri a ɔde boa ne nkwa no akyi. Sɛnea South Africa Sunday Times ne ne nnwom adwumakuw no mpanyimfo kyerɛ no, owu akyi amanneɛbɔ no nso kyerɛe sɛ ɔwɔ [[HIV]]. Ne panyin, Peter Snyman, pow amanneɛbɔ no fa yi. Na n’abusua, a ne hokafo a ɔne no atena akyɛ ka ho, wɔ ne nkyɛn bere a owui no. Fassie agyapade sɛ South Africa nnwom ho agyiraehyɛde no da so ara wɔ hɔ, na ne mmoa a ɔde ma adwuma no kɔ so kanyan nnwontofo a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔbɔ nnwom no. Brenda Fassie nne soronko, asɛnka agua so a ɔde ne ho hyɛ mu a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ne ɔkwan a ɔfa so bɔ nnwom a onsuro no agyaw agyiraehyɛde a wontumi mpopa wɔ South Africa nnwom mu. Wɔbɛkae nkɛntɛnso a onyae sɛ odwontofo ne amammerɛ mu agyiraehyɛde no wɔ awo ntoatoaso a ɛbɛba no mu. == Discography ho nsɛm == Fassie kyerɛwtohɔ dodow no ara, [[CCP Records]] a ɛyɛ [[EMI]] na ɛde mae.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Yɛne BIG Dudesfo no: ==== * ·        1983: [[Weekend Special]] * ·        1984: Cool Spot (EP) * ·        1984: Let's Stick Together * ·        1984: Someone To Love (Maxi) * ·        1985: Higher and Higher * ·        1985: Touch Somebody (EP) * ·        1986: No No Seño ==== Solo album ahorow: ==== * 1987: Brenda * 1987: [[Ag Shame Lovey]] * 1988: Umuntu Ngumuntu Ngabantu * 1989: Too Late for Mama * 1990: [[Black President]] * 1991: I Am Not a Bad Girl * 1992: [[Yo Baby]] * 1993: [[Mama]] * 1994: Abantu Bayakhuluma * 1995: Umuntu Uyashintsha * 1996: [[Now Is the Time]] * 1997: Paparazzi * 1998: [[Memeza]] * 1999: [[Nomakanjani]] * 2000: Thola Amadlozi * 2001: [[Myekeleni]] * 2002: [[Mina Nawe]]: Ngohlala Ngi Nje * 2003: [[Mali (album)|Mali]] * 2004: Gimme Some Volume * 2004: Greatest Hits: [[The Queen of African Pop (1964–2004]]) Fassie nso boaa [[Mandoza]] nnwom nhoma Tornado (2002), Miriam Makeba nnwom nhoma Sangoma (1988), ne Harry Belafonte nnwom nhoma a ɛko tia nnipa mu nyiyim a wɔfrɛ no Paradise in Gazankulu (1988). Ɔtoo dwom wɔ nnwom nnwom abien a wɔde nnwom a ɛyɛ dɛ maa [[Yizo Yizo]] (wɔyii abien no nyinaa adi wɔ afe 2004 mu). ==See also== * [[South Africa]] * [[Afro-pop]] * [[Anti-apartheid music]] == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fassie, Brenda}} [[Nkyekyεmu:Afrocuration 2023]] [[Nkyekyεmu:1964 births]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2004 deaths]] [[Nkyekyεmu:South Africans]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Activists]] [[Nkyekyεmu:20th-century South African women singers]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Anti-apartheid activists]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Bisexual singers]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Bisexual women musicians]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Cocaine-related deaths]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Drug-related deaths in South Africa]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Kwaito musicians]] [[Nkyekyεmu:South African bisexual people]] [[Nkyekyεmu:South African LGBT singers]] [[Nkyekyεmu:People from Langa, Western Cape]] [[Nkyekyεmu:People with HIV/AIDS]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Xhosa people]] [[Nkyekyεmu:20th-century South African LGBT people]] [[Nkyekyεmu:21st-century South African LGBT people]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Wikipedia]] dg9s5fvehz9ermivezn1lfrw7lprp9h 0 15567 200682 197024 2026-09-23T01:27:38Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kofi Awoonor''' (wɔwoo no '''George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams''' ;a ɔtenaa ase fi afe13 March 1935 – 21 September 2013) yɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]] anwensɛm kyerɛwfo ne ɔkyerɛwfo a n’adwuma ka ne kurom Ewefo anwensɛm atetesɛm ne nnɛyi ne nyamesom agyiraehyɛde boom de yɛɛ Afrika ho mfonini wɔ "decolonization" bere mu.<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=GradeSaver |title=Kofi Awoonor Biography {{!}} List of Works, Study Guides & Essays {{!}} GradeSaver |url=https://www.gradesaver.com/author/kofi-awoonor |language=en |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref> Ɔhyɛɛ ase kyerɛw n'edin '''George Awoonor-Williams''',<ref name=":1" /> na wɔsan tintim no sɛ '''Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor.''' Ɔkyerɛɛ Afrika nhoma wɔ [[University of Ghana]] mu. Ɔbenfo Awoonor ka wɔn a wokum wɔn wɔ September 2013 ntua a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Westgate aguadidan mu wɔ Nairobi, Kenya, baabi a na ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ Storymoja Hay Afahyɛ no ase no ho.<ref>{{Citation |title=Professor Kofi Awoonor-Williams, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Professor-Kofi-Awoonor-Williams-134 |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref> == N'asetena mu nsɛm == Wɔwoo George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams wɔ Wheta,<ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24213762 "Kofi Awoonor: Remembering a Ghanaian poet"], BBC News – Africa, 23 September 2013.</ref> wɔ Frao mantam ([http://voltaregion.gov.gh Volta Region]) mu wɔ [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], ɛnnɛ Ghana. Na ɔno ne panyin wɔ n'awofo mmofra 10 mu.<ref>Jocelyn Edwards, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/25/kofi-awoonor-death-_n_3991296.html "Ghana Mourns Kofi Awoonor Death"], ''Huff Post Books'', 25 September 2013.</ref> Na ɔyɛ Awoonor-Williams abusua a wofi Sierra Leone Creole abusua mu no agya aseni. Ɔsuaa ade wɔ [[Akyimɔta Ntoasoɔ Sukuu|Achimota Sukuu mu]] na afei ɔkɔɔ Ghana Suapɔn mu, na ɔwiee sukuu wɔ afe 1960. Bere a na ɔwɔ sukuupɔn mu no ɔkyerɛw n’anwensɛm nhoma a edi kan, ''Rediscovery'', a wotintimii wɔ 1964 mu. Te sɛ n’adwuma a aka no, ''Rediscovery'' gyina Afrikafo anwensɛm a wɔde ano ka so. Ne kurom Ewefo nnwom ne nkyekyem na ɛkanyan ne mfitiase nnwuma, na akyiri yi otintim Ewefo awerɛhow nnwontofo baasa adwuma nkyerɛase ahorow ( ''Guardians of the Sacred Word: Ewe Poetry'', 1973). Bere a Awoonor wiee sukuu no, ɔyɛɛ adwuma wɔ Ghana Film Corporation, ankyɛ na ɔbɛyɛɛ ɛhɔ sohwɛfo, na ɔboa ma wɔhyehyɛɛ Ghana Playhouse, ɔkɔɔ so dii dwuma titiriw wɔ agoprama ne drama nkɔso mu wɔ ɔman no mu.<ref name="BBC"/> Wɔ afe 1960 no mu no, ɔhwɛɛ nhoma ho nsɛmma nhoma ''Okyeame so'' na na ɔyɛ ''Transition Magazine'' samufo boafo. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma sɛ Ghanaman srafo wɔ aman afoforo mu, anwensɛm kyerɛwfo, nhoma ho ɔkasatiafo, ne nhoma ntotoho ho ɔbenfo nso. Awoonor nyaa BA wɔ University College of Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Lyn Innes |title=Kofi Awoonor obituary |date=2013-09-23 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/23/kofi-awoonor |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref> Ɔtoa sukuupɔn so wɔ nhomamu adesuaho wɔ University College London (MA, 1970),<ref name=":2" /> na bere a ɔwɔ England no, ɔkyerɛw radio so agodi ahodow bi maa BBC, na saa bere no na ɔfii ase de edin Kofi Awoonor dii dwuma.<ref>[[Siga Fatima Jagne]], Pushpa Naidu Parekh (eds), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3iibMu0Qjs8C&dq=kofi+awoonor+williams&pg=PA53 "Kofi Awoonor (1935–)"], in ''Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', Routledge, 1998, p. 53.</ref> Mbosome a ɛhyɛ ase wɔ afe 1970 mu no, ɔtenaa Amerika, suaa ade na ɔkyerɛɛ ade wɔ Stony Brook Suapɔn (saa berɛ no na wɔfrɛ no SUNY wɔ Stony Brook) baabi a ɔnyaa ne Phd wɔ afe 1972.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kofi Awoonor {{!}} Ghanaian author {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kofi-Awoonor |language=en |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref><ref>Deon J. Hampton, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200728150616/https://www.newsday.com/news/world/kofi-awoonor-killed-in-kenya-mall-attack-was-stony-brook-professor-1.6120113#! "Kofi Awoonor killed in Kenya mall attack, was Stony Brook professor"], ''Long Island Newsday'', 22 September 2013.</ref> Bere a ɔwɔ United States no ɔkyerɛw ''This Earth, My Brother'' ne ''Night of My Blood'', nhoma abien no nyinaa a wotintimii wɔ 1971 mu. Awoonor san baa Ghana wɔ afe 1975 mu sɛ Brɔfo kasa dwumadibea panyin wɔ [[University of Cape Coast|Cape Coast Sukuupɔn]] mu . Wɔ asram kakraa bi mu no, wɔkyeree no sɛ ɔboaa ɔsraani bi a wɔbɔɔ no sobo sɛ ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ obetu asraafo nniso no agu, na wɔde no too afiase a wɔanni n’asɛm; Akyiri yi wogyaee Awoonor bere a wogyaee n’afiasenna wɔ October 1976. ''The House by the Sea'' (1978) no fa bere a wɔde no too afiase no ho. Bere a wɔde no too afiase akyi no, ɔbɛyɛɛ obi a ɔyɛ amammuisɛm. Ɔkɔɔ so kyerɛw nsɛm a ɛnyɛ ayɛsɛm dodow no ara. Awoonor anwensɛm a edi kan no fɛm Ewefo atetesɛm a wɔde ano ka no mu, na na ne nanabea yɛ Ewefo awerɛhow odwontofo. Wɔ ne nhoma Guardians of the ''Sacred Word and Ewe Poetry'' mu no, ɔkyerɛɛ Ewefo anwensɛm ase wɔ nkyerɛase mu ''(1974)'' . ''Asase Nufu: Afrika Abakɔsɛm, Amammerɛ, ne Nhoma Ho Adesua wɔ Sahara Anafo fam yɛ nhoma foforo (1975).'' Awoonor yɛɛ Ghana ananmusini wɔ Brazil fi afe 1984 kɔsi afe 1988, ansa na ɔresom sɛ ne man ananmusini wɔ Cuba. Efi afe 1990 kosi afe 1994 no na Awoonor yɛ Ghana Daa Ananmusifo wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu, baabi a odii boayikuw a wɔko tia nnipa mu nyiyim no anim . Ɔsan nso yɛ Ɔman Bagua mu panyin, a ɛyɛ Ghana ɔmampanyin afotuo titire no titenani, na ɔsom wɔ saa dibea no mu fii afe 2009 kɔsi Ɔpɛpɔn 2013.<ref name="BBC"/> == Ne wu == Wɔ 21 September 2013 no, na Awoonor ka wɔn a wokum wɔn wɔ ntua a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Westgate aguadidan mu wɔ Nairobi no ho . Na ɔwɔ Kenya sɛ obi a ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ Storymoja Hay Afahyɛ, nnanan afahyɛ a ɛfa akyerɛw, nsusuwii ne abasɛm a wɔka ho, a na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ne dwumadi wɔ ne wu anwummere no mu. Ne nua barima Nii Parkes, a na ɔrekɔ nhomakyerɛw afahyɛ koro no ara ase no akyerɛw nea edi kan a ohyiaa no saa da no ho asɛm.<ref name="NiiParkes">Nii Parkes, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/sep/28/kofi-awoonor-nii-parkes-hero "My hero: Kofi Awoonor by Nii Parkes"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 28 September 2013.</ref> Ghana aban no sii Awoonor wuo no so dua da a edi hɔ no. Wɔtoo ne babarima Afetsi Awoonor a na ɔka ne ho no nso tuo, nanso akyiri yi woyii no fii ayaresabea. Wɔde Awoonor amu no fii Nairobi kɔɔ [[Nkran|Accra]], Ghana, wɔ 25 September 2013.<ref>[http://petchary.wordpress.com/tag/kofi-anyidoho/ Kofi Anyidoho, "African Postman: Death of a Poet"], Petchary's Blog, 18 September 2013.</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=petchary |title=African Postman: Death of a Poet |date=2013-09-28 |url=https://petchary.wordpress.com/2013/09/28/african-postman-death-of-a-poet/ |language=en |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref> Wɔhyew ne funu na wosiee no wɔ beae pɔtee bi wɔ ne kurom wɔ Wheta wɔ Volta Mantam mu . Afei nso na osu anaa awerɛhow biara nni n’ayi ase ne nyinaa sɛnea n’apɛde te ansa na ɔrewu. == Nnwuma == ; Anwensɛm * ''Rediscovery ne Anwensɛm Afoforo'' (Mbari Publications, 1964) * ''Night of My Blood'' (Doubleday, 1971) – anwensɛm a ɛhwehwɛ Awoonor fibea mu, ne nkɛntɛnso a amannɔne nniso nyaa wɔ Afrika * ''Ofie a Ɛwɔ Po no Ho'' (Greenfield Review Press, 1978) . * ''Anidasoɔ Bɔhyɛ: Anwensɛm Foforo ne Nea Wɔapaw'' (Amalion / University of Nebraska Press, 2014) * Te Me So, Nkae (1973) ; Ayɛsɛm nhoma ahorow * ''Asase yi, Me Nua (This Earth, My Brother)'' (Doubleday, 1971) – ayɛsɛm ne anwensɛm ntam mmeamudua * ''Akwantufo no Ba Awiei koraa'' (Africa World Press, 1992) (''Comes the Voyager at Last'') ; Ɛnyɛ ayɛsɛm * ''Asase Nufu: Afrika Abakɔsɛm, Amammerɛ, ne Nwoma Ho Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛe wɔ Sahara Kesee Fam'' (Anchor Press, 1975) * ''Ghana: Amanyɔsɛm mu Abakɔsɛm a efi Europa ansa na Europa reba kosi Nnɛyi Mmere so'' (Sedco, 1990) . * ''Afrika Ahokyere: Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano'' (Sub-Saharan Publishers, 2006) '''Anwensɛm ahorow''' * ''Asɔredan Kɛse no'' * ''Anomaa a Ɔwe Nwene'' * ''Across A New Dawn'' * ''Ɔfrɛ bi'' * ''Wɔ Gallows no so Pɛnkoro'' * ''Kwadwom a Ɛfa Onuabaa a Ɔyɛ Komm Ho'' * ''Na Owu Na Na Me Nsu'' * ''Awerɛhow Nnwom'' * ''Kwansin a Edi Kan'' * ''Owu bi a Wɔhyɛɛ Siei'' == Ne nnwuma ho ntease ne nkyerɛase == Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Awoonor kyerɛw n’anwensɛm dodow no bi te sɛ nea ɔreyɛ n’ankasa owu ho mfoni wɔ n’adwene mu. Nanso ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo soronko, obi a ɔbɔ mmɔden, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɔyɛ den dodo, sɛ ɔde ne nananom ne n’amammerɛ bɛba n’anwensɛm mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɔfɛm nsɛmfua fi mpɔtam hɔ Ewe kasa mu. Esiane sɛ na ɔyɛ obi a ɔyɛ den na n’ani gye atetesɛm som ho nti, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ na ɔyɛ obi a ɔyɛ nkaefo. Titiriw wɔ obi a osua nhoma kɛse saa fam no, na ɛyɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi mpo. Saa nimdeɛ no, ɛnyɛ sɛ na ɔyɛ nkae nhwɛsode sɛ ankorankoro nko, na mmom sɛ amammerɛ no nyinaa rehu amane wɔ entropy ho no, betumi nam n’anwensɛm ahorow so aba wɔ ɔkwan bi so a mfiase no ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔrekyerɛw ne wu awiei ho asɛm. Sɛ ankorankoro ne amammerɛ mu kwadwom no da nkyɛn a, Awoonor nso de anifere kasa tiaa nea anka obebu no sɛ Atɔe Famfo nkɛntɛnso ahorow (nyamesom ahorow, asetra mu nhyehyɛe ne sikasɛm mu nyansapɛ) a asɛe wɔ Afrikafo nyinaa abakɔsɛm ne wɔn ahonyade ho no. Na ɔbɛkasa atia anigye a wonsusuw ho a Afrikafo ankasa de gyee nneɛma a ɛtete saa toom no, na ɔde nkakrankakra yɛɛ nea anka obebu no sɛ ɛyɛ ne ho a wɔsɛe no a ɛkɔ akyiri koraa sen amammerɛ mu nipasu a wɔhwere no. Na ɔtaa yɛ ne nkyerɛwee ahorow no de hwɛ saa nneɛma yi denam n’ankasa Ewefo amammerɛ ahwehwɛ so. == Akenkan a ɛkɔ akyiri == * Robert Fraser, ''Afrika Atɔe Fam Anwensɛm: Abakɔsɛm a Ɛho Hia'', Cambridge Sukuupɔn Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea (1986), .  * Kwame Anthony Appiah ne Henry Louis Gates (eds), ''Africana: Afrikafo ne Afrika Amerikafo Osuahu Ho Nsɛmma Nhoma'', Basic Civitas Books (1999), .  – kr.&nbsp;153. Nkyekyɛm. * Lauret E. Savoy, Eldridge M. Moores ne Judith E. Moores (eds), ''Bedrock: Akyerɛwfo a Wɔfa Asase Ho Adesua mu Anwonwade Ho,'' ( Trinity Sukuupɔn Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea, 2006). == Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so == <references /> == Abɔnten so nkitahodi ahorow == * [http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/09/22/senior-ghanaian-citizen-awoonor-killed-in-kenya-gun-attack Amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Kofi Awoonor wuo ho], 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2013. * [http://theconversation.com/terror-in-kenya-literature-and-laughs-turn-into-pain-and-loss-18501 Paula Kahumbu a ofi Princeton Sukuupɔn mu ne Story Moja Hay Afahyɛ no kwankyerɛfo ka bere a ɔne Awoonor nyae Fida anwummere ansa na ɔrewu no ho asɛm] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071104125546/http://www.nu.ac.za/cca/images/tow/TOW2004/Kofi.htm Asetra ho nsɛm], KwaZulu-Natal Sukuupɔn. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231125000/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/literari/2006/jun/18/literari-18-06-2006-001.htm Nsɛmbisa], ''Sun'' atesɛm krataa (Nigeria), 18 June 2006. * [https://www.scribd.com/doc/24563558/Songs-of-Sorrow Anwensɛm: Awerɛhow Nnwom a Kofi Awoonor kyerɛwee] * Francis Kwarteng, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527093550/http://vibeghana.com/2013/09/23/a-tribute-to-prof-kofi-awoonor/ "Anuonyam a wɔde ma Ɔbenfo.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527093550/http://vibeghana.com/2013/09/23/a-tribute-to-prof-kofi-awoonor/ Kofi Awoonor"], ''VibeGhana'', Ɔpɛpɔn 23, afe 2013. [[Nkyekyεmu:Ganafoɔ]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Amanyɔsεm]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana Amanyɔfo]] [[Nkyekyεmu:AfroCuration 2023]] 8xoz6ttmqy41qs3xq62vggxdczk1hj2 0 16234 200679 177352 2026-09-23T00:29:07Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ben Nsafoah''' (wɔwoo no Ɔpɛpɔn 17, 1982 ) yɛ Germanni akuturukubɔfo a ɔyɛ cruiserweight a ofi [[Gaana|Ghana]].<ref>{{Citation |last=boxrec |title=BoxRec player profile - Ben Nsafoah |date= |url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/441330 |access-date=2023-12-04 |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920060239/https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/441330 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Adwuma == Wɔwoo Nsafoah wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 17, 1982 wɔ Ghana. Nsafoah nyaa ne professional ko a edi kan wɔ January 12, 2008, na ɔne Andreas Robert twetwee wɔ [[Germany]]. Wɔ nhyiamu 7 a ɛdi hɔ no mu no, Nsafoah dii nkonim mpɛn 5, wɔbɔɔ bɔɔl pɛnkoro na wɔdii nkogu pɛnkoro. Wɔ May 9, 2009 no, nea ɔne Ghana akuturukubɔfo no resi akan ne Pole Tomasz Hutkowski. Poleni no de adwene koro dii nkonim wɔ nkontaa mu, na ɔbɔɔ WBC wiase nyinaa akansi a emu yɛ duru a ɛyɛ nkumaa no ho ban . Wɔ September 5, 2009 no, Nsafoah bɛyɛɛ Germany ɔkannifo wɔ cruiserweight category , na odii Sascha Faelber so nkonim denam knockout so wɔ ɔko a ɛto so 6 no mu. Wɔ abɔsoɔ no ho banbɔ a ɛtɔ so 1 mu no, Nsafoah hyiaa Germanni foforɔ a wɔayɛ no sɛ naturalized, Prince Anthony Ikeji. Nsafoah dii nkonim denam disqualification so wɔ 2nd round no mu de bɔɔ ne belt ho ban. Wɔ October 22, 2011 , Nsafoah hyiaa Germanni Bjoern Blaschke a onni nkogu no maa WBFed Intercontinental cruiserweight abodin. Akuturukubɔfo a ofi Ghana no dii nkonim wɔ nkontimmaa mu na odii nkonim wɔ abɔso no mu. Nsafoah dii nkogu denam gyinaesi a wɔde adwene koro sii so wɔ 6 rounds akyi. Nsafoah dii nkogu denam gyinaesi a wɔde adwene koro sii so wɔ 12 rounds akyi, hweree WBFed Intercontinental belt wɔ cruiserweight category . Wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 26, 2014 wɔ Oberhausen , wɔbɔɔ no gui wɔ afa a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa no mu wɔ ɔko a ɛyɛ awotwe a Ukraineni Oleksandr Usyk (2-0-0, 2 KO) <ref>{{Citation |title=Ben Nsafoah |date=2022-11-03 |url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ben_Nsafoah&oldid=68655555 |work=Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia |language=pl |access-date=2023-11-28}}</ref> . Wɔ September 27 wɔ afe koro no ara mu no, Nsafoah ne Polandni Mateusz Masternak hyiae . Nsafoah na ne kuo no de no kɔmaa no wɔ round a ɛtɔ so nnan no akyi. == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == [[Nkyekyεmu:Ghanafo]] m02047oao6myggi5ghc3oaokv0ltykf 0 16252 200686 184326 2026-09-23T02:43:29Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ted Cofie''' (wɔwoo no Ɛbɔ 23, 1969) yɛ obi a [[Gaana|Ghana]] akuturukubɔfo no mu baako a wɔakɔ pɛnhyen.<ref>{{Citation |last=BoxRec.com |title=Ted Cofie profile |date= |url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/8275 |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2019-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116213739/https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/8275 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=• Ted Cofie boxer • |url=https://boxerlist.com/boxer/ted-cofie/7092/ |access-date=2023-11-29}}</ref> == Adwuma == Ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ akuturukubɔ a ɛyɛ adwumaden mu wɔ [[Oforisuo]] 25, 1988, na ɔne Tony Behan si n'akan a edi kan. Ne nkontaa a edi kan a ɔhweree no sii wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 12, 1992, bere a ɔne Dave Russell dii ko no. Ɔnyaa [[Australia]] Mmofra Heavyweight Championship wɔ May 7, 1993, bere a odii nkonim wɔ Vivian Schwalger so wɔ afa anan mu. Odii nkonim wɔ Australia Mmofra Heavyweight Championship mu wɔ Kotonimma 7, 1993, denam Vivian Schwalger a ɔdii no so nkonim wɔ afa anan no so. Bere a ɔbɔɔ ho ban mprenu akyi no, ɔhweree abodin no wɔ [[Ɔgyefuo|Ɔgyefoɔ]] 13, 1994, nanso akyiri yi onyaa IBO Wiase Nkonimdi wɔ Obubuo 3, 1995, bere a ɔboo Joseph Pol wɔ afa ason mu no. Wɔ afe 1996 mu no, odii nkonim wɔ rematch a ɔne Phil Gregory dii no mu denam mfiridwuma mu knockout a ɛto so abiɛsa so. Wɔ [[Kitawonsa]] 12, 1997 mu no, ɔde mfiridwuma mu bɔɔlbɔ a ɛto so anan bɔɔ ne WBC International bɛlt ho ban tiaa Juan Carlos Gómez a ɔbɛba daakye WBC akansifo no. Bere a ɔdii akuturuku mprɛnsa bio akyi no, ogyaee adwuma wɔ afe 2000 mu. == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == <references /> [[Nkyekyεmu:Ghanafo]] a8uf1l9bzbpv8trvjl70v96c2tv033p 0 16606 200681 200498 2026-09-23T01:25:07Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} {{Databox|item=Q18554425}}<!-- Definition and symptoms -->'''Kakagya a wɔsan frɛ no Onychomycosis anaa''' also '''tinea unguium''',<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rodgers P, Bassler M|title=Treating onychomycosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2001-02-15_63_4/page/663|journal=American Family Physician|volume=63|issue=4|pages=663–72, 677–8|date=February 2001|pmid=11237081}}</ref> yɛ yadeɛ a ɛyɛ bɔwerɛ a ɛno nso, [https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/germs.html#:~:text=What%20Are%20Germs%3F,leading%20to%20infections%20and%20sickness. mmoawammoawa] a yɛmfa yɛn ani nhunu wɔn na wɔde ba. <ref>{{Citation |last=Dyanne P. Westerberg, Michael J. Voyack |title=Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment |date=2013-12-01 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24364524/ |work=American Family Physician |volume=88 |issue=11 |pages=762–770 |issn=1532-0650 |pmid=24364524 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref>Obi nya bi a, ne bɔwerɛ no ahosuo tumi sesa yɛ sɛ akokɔ sradeɛ, tumtum anaa fitaa, bɔwerɛ no mu yɛ duru sene sɛdeɛ na ɛteɛ no. Ɛwɔ hɔ kyɛ a, na ɛrekame ayɛ sɛ bɔwerɛ no retu afiri honam no so. Ɛtumi yɛ nsa bɔwerɛ ne nan bɔwerɛ nyinaa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dyanne P. Westerberg, Michael J. Voyack |title=Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment |date=2013-12-01 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24364524/ |work=American Family Physician |volume=88 |issue=11 |pages=762–770 |issn=1532-0650 |pmid=24364524 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref> Ɛntaa nyɛ den mma wɔn a wɔwɔ kakagya wɔbɛnya aporɔporɔ.<ref>{{Citation |title=n2:1532-0650 - Search Results |url=https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1532-0650 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref> ==Nsɛnkyerɛnne == [[File:Toefungus.jpg|thumb|A case of fungal infection of the big toe]] [[File:Advanced onychomycosis.png|thumb|Advanced fungal infection of the big toe]] Nsɛnkyerɛnne a obi nya kakagya a, ɛtaa da adi ne sɛ bɔwerɛ no bɛyɛ den, n'ahosuo bɛsesa ayɛ biribi te sɛ tuntum, fitaa , ahaban mono anaa akokɔ sradeɛ. Bɔwerɛ no san nso tumi bubu. Ɛyɛ a na ɛrekame ayɛ sɛ deɛ ɛretu afiri honam no so. Sɛ wɔanhwɛ no yie a, honam a bɔwerɛ no tare so no tumi yɛ kuro.<ref>{{Citation |title=n2:1532-0650 - Search Results |url=https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1532-0650 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref>Na ɛyɛ ya nso. Wɔn a wɔtaa de bɔwerɛ a kakagya ayɛ so no to nsuom no mpo deɛ, ɛyɛ a yaw no ano yɛ den sen obiara deɛ.<ref name=nhs>{{Citation |title=NHS Choices: Symptoms of fungal nail infection |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Fungal-nail-infection/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |access-date=2024-06-15 |archive-date=2015-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917015602/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Fungal-nail-infection/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ɛwɔ hɔ hyɛ nso a ɛtumi bɔn.<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nail-fungus/DS00084/DSECTION=symptoms Mayo clinic: Nail fungus]</ref> Sɛbyadeɛ no nkɔɔ n'anim a, ɛyɛ a ɛntaa mmɔn anaaɛntaa mfa nsunsuansoɔ biara mmerɛ nipadua no akwaa ahodoɔ no biara, gye sɛ yadeɛ no akyɛ aduru bunu mu.<ref>{{EMedicine|derm|300|Onychomycosis}}</ref> Ebinom wɔ hɔ a wɔntaa nka wɔn ho nkɔ nipa mu esiane sɛdeɛ wɔn bɔwerɛ no ahosuo te no nti. Ɛyɛ a wɔtaa fɛre. Ɛyɛ den pa ara sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ sa yadeɛ yi de wɔn bɔwerɛ bɛtoto nsuo muo mu.<ref>{{Citation |title=n2:1532-0650 - Search Results |url=https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1532-0650 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref> Deɛ nti a ɛte saa no ne sɛ, wɔgu so de retoto nsuo no mu no, na yadeɛ no kɔ ara na ɛrekɔ n'anim. <ref name="pmid18793262">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szepietowski JC, Reich A | title = Stigmatisation in onychomycosis patients: a population-based study | journal = Mycoses | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 343–9 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 18793262 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01618.x | s2cid = 26932678 }}</ref> Deɛ Ɛde Ba ==Deɛ Ɛde Ba== Deɛ ɛde kakagya ba no yɛ mmoawammoawa bi a wɔwɔ Kindom [[:en:Fungus|fungus Abusuakuo no mu]]. <ref name="pmid16262878">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chi CC, Wang SH, Chou MC | title = The causative pathogens of onychomycosis in southern Taiwan | url = https://archive.org/details/mycoses_2005_48_6/page/n54 | journal = Mycoses | volume = 48 | issue = 6 | pages = 413–20 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16262878 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01152.x | s2cid = 43885361 }}</ref> == Kwan a Wɔfa So Sɔ Ano == [[File:A_patient's_left_foot_-_after_ten_weeks_of_Terbinafine_oral_treatment.png|thumb|A person's foot with a fungal nail infection ten weeks into a course of terbinafine oral medication. Note the band of healthy (pink) nail growth behind the remaining infected nails.]] === Kakagya yɛ yadeɛ bi a, obi nya na wanyɛ aduro a, ɛrenkɔ da. Ne saa nti, wɔtaa faa nnuro a ɛtumi kum mmoawammoawa a wɔde yadeɛ no ba no. Saa nnuro yi tumi yɛ deɛ wɔde yɛ bɔwerɛ no so anaa deɛ wɔnom .<ref>{{cite web|title=MOB-015|url=https://www.mobergpharma.com/partners|access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Efficacy and safety of topical terbinafine 10% solution (MOB-015) in the treatment of mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32585278/|access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref> === == Nnuro No Bi == M Nnuro a ɛsa kakagya no mu ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduɔson nsia na wɔnom. Ɛna ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduonu nan a aka no nso yɛ deɛ wɔde sera beaeɛ a yadeɛ no ayɛ no. Nhwɛsoɔ no bi ne [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557874/#:~:text=Itraconazole%20is%20a%20medication%20used,be%20detrimental%20to%20the%20immunocompromised. itraconazole] a wɔkyerɛ sɛ n'adwuma ɛyɛ no gyina ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduosia. Ebi nso ne, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557874/#:~:text=Itraconazole%20is%20a%20medication%20used,be%20detrimental%20to%20the%20immunocompromised. fluconazole] a wɔkyerɛ sɛ n'adwuma a ɛyɛ no gyina ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduanan-nwɔtwe. <ref>{{Citation |last=Hadeer Sinawe, Damian Casadesus |title=Ketoconazole |date=2024 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559221/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=32644647 |access-date=2024-06-15}}</ref>Deɛ nnuro yi tumi yɛ no bi ne sɛ ɛma ekuro a ɛwɔ mmɔwerɛ no mu no wu. Ɛma mmɔwerɛ no fifiri bio. Na afei, ɛtumi da honam no so yie. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Elewski BE | title = Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management | journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 415–29 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9665975 | pmc = 88888 | doi = 10.1128/CMR.11.3.415 }}</ref> Ebi wɔ hɔ a, wɔtu mmɔwerɛ a n'ahosuo asesa no.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Elewski BE, Hay RJ | title = Update on the management of onychomycosis: highlights of the Third Annual International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 305–13 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8842269 | doi = 10.1093/clinids/23.2.305 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Nnuro mmienu a yɛaka ho asɛm yi nyinaa yɛ deɛ ayarewhɛfoɔ agye ato mu. Nanso yɛwɔ bi wɔ hɔ a wɔnnye ntoo mu. Baako ne [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559221/#:~:text=Ketoconazole%20is%20a%20drug%20used,agent%20in%20treating%20fungal%20infections. Ketoconazole]. Yei yɛ deɛ wɔnom no mu baako<ref>{{cite web|title=Nizoral (ketoconazole) Oral Tablets: Drug Safety Communication - Prescribing for Unapproved Uses including Skin and Nail Infections Continues; Linked to Patient Death|url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm502073.htm|website=FDA|access-date=20 May 2016|date=19 May 2016|archive-date=21 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521200202/http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm502073.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Haugh M, Helou S, Boissel JP, Cribier BJ | title = Terbinafine in fungal infections of the nails: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-dermatology_2002-07_147_1/page/118 | journal = The British Journal of Dermatology | volume = 147 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–21 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12100193 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04825.x | s2cid = 19682557 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid17610995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baran R, Faergemann J, Hay RJ | title = Superficial white onychomycosis--a syndrome with different fungal causes and paths of infection | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-academy-of-dermatology-journal_2007-11_57_5/page/879 | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 57 | issue = 5 | pages = 879–82 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17610995 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.026 }}</ref> == Baabi a Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ == <references /> [[Nkyekyεmu:Kakagya]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Nyarewa]] 39au9ik0wec6jzbmg3uh9tqytj4nr3e 0 16608 200684 198912 2026-09-23T01:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 200684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Choked_gutter.jpg|thumb|Wɔde plastic nwura amene gutter bi a ɛka odona nsuo a ɛkɔ odona ho no mu wɔ Ghana.]] [[File:Piles_of_chopped_dry_ecalyptus_wood_in_near_Butare_town_in_Bushenyi_district_in_Western_Uganda_07.jpg|alt=Piles of chopped dry ecalyptus wood in near Butare town in Bushenyi district in Western Uganda|thumb| '''Ecalyptus nnua a ayow a wɔatwitwa akuwakuw wɔ Butare kurow a ɛbɛn hɔ wɔ Bushenyi mantam mu wɔ Uganda Atɔe fam''']]Afrika nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsɛm fi nkɛntɛnso a nipa nya wɔ abɔde mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so na ɛka nipa ne ɛkame ayɛ sɛ abɔde ahorow nyinaa. Nsɛmpɔw no bi ne kwae a wotutu, asase a wɔsɛe, mframa a wɔsɛe, nsu a wɔsɛe, nwura a wɔsɛe , ɛweam nsakrae ne nsu a ɛho yɛ na (a ɛde ɔhaw ahorow ba wɔ nsu pa a wobɛnya ho).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-03-08|title=Types of Environmental Issues: Meaning, Pollution, Videos, Examples|language=en-US|work=Toppr-guides|url=http://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/environmental-issues/types-of-environmental-issues/|access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref> Saa nsɛm yi de nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ntawantawa ba, na ɛne asetena mu apereperedi a ɛtrɛw a ɛfa demokrase ne tumidi ho no wɔ abusuabɔ.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Obi|first=Cyril|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/153316952|title=Environmental movements in sub-Saharan Africa : a political ecology of power and conflict|date=2005|publisher=UN Research Institute for Social Development|oclc=153316952}}</ref> == Kwaɛ a wotutu == Nnua a wotwa kɛse ne kwae mmeae a ɛso tew a efi mu ba no ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsɛm atitiriw a ɛwɔ Afrika Asasepɔn no so. Kwaɛ a wotutu a abu so ne asase a wɔsakra no kɔ so ma kuayo, atrae ne pɛtro a wohyeɛ. Afrikafoɔ ɔha biara mu aduɔkron hyeɛ nnua a wɔde bɛyɛ pɛtro a wɔde yɛ ɔhyew ne aduanenoa. Ne saa nti, kwaɛ so te da biara da, ~Nhwɛsoɔ no bi ne , wɔ equatorial kwae a ɛyɛ ahabammono mantam mu no. Sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia So kyerɛ no, Afrika anhweatam a ɛdannan no boro wiase de mmɔho abienu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/|title=Deforestation reaches worrying level – UN|last=Banda, Jr|first=Sam|date=11 June 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083104/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/18831|archive-date=8 October 2008|publisher=africanews.com}}</ref> Nnua a wɔtwa a mmera mma ho kwan ɛyɛ ade titiriw ɛde kwae a wotutu no gu ahorow wɔ ɔman biara mu, te sɛ 50% wɔ Cameroon ne 80% wɔ [[Liberia]]. Wɔ Democratic Republic a ɛyɛ Congo no, ɔman mma a wodi hia no ahiade titiriw na ɛde kwae a wotutu no ba, ne nnua a wotwa ne nea wotu fagude a obiara nhwɛ so. Wɔ Ethiopia no, nea ɛde ba titiriw ne ɔman no mu nnipa dodow a ɛrenya nkɔanim, na ɛma kuayo, mmoayɛn, ne nnua a wɔde yɛ pɛtro kɔ soro. Nwomasua a ɛba fam ne aban a ɛde ne ho gye mu kakra bi nso boa ma wotutu kwaɛ. Madagascar kwae a wɔhwere no fa bi fi ɔman mma a wɔde akwan a wɔfa so twitwa na wɔhyew bere a wonya ahofadi pii Fransefo nsɛm akyi no. Amanaman Nkabom Aduan ne Kuadwuma Ahyehyɛde (FAO) kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ afe 2005 mu no, Nigeria twaa kwaɛ sen ɔman biara wɔ wiase<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deforestation statistics for Nigeria|url=https://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/archive/Nigeria.htm|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Mongabay}}</ref> Kwaɛ a wotutu wɔ Nigeria no fi nnua a wotwa, kuayo a wɔde hwɛ wɔn ho, ne nnua a wɔboaboa ano de yɛ pɛtro. Sɛnea GFY kyerɛ no, kwaɛ a wɔatutu no asɛe Afrika kwaɛ bɛyɛ 90%. Afrika Atɔe fam kwaɛ a ɛyɛ nwini no mu 22.8% pɛ na aka, na Nigeria kwaɛ a ayɛ dedaw no mu 81% yerayɛ wɔ mfie 15 ntam. Kwae a wotutu nso si hokwan a ɛwɔ sɛ nsuo bɛtɔ no; Ethiopia ahyia ɔkɔm ne ɔpɛ ɛsan wei nti. Ethiopia kwaɛ 98% ayera wɔ mfie aduonum a atwam no mu. Wɔ mfie aduanan mmiɛnsa mu no, kwaɛ a ɛwɔ Kenya no so te firii bɛyɛ 10% kɔɔ 1.7%. Kwaɛ a wotutu wɔ Madagascar nso ama anhweatam asɛe, asase asɛe, nsu fibea asɛe, ama ɔman no ntumi mfa nneɛma a ɛho hia mberɛ emu nnipa a wɔredɔɔso no. [[File:Deforestation_of_Rainforest.jpg|thumb|Kwae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wom a wotutu]]Wɔ mfie num a atwam no mu no, Nigeria hweree ne kwaɛ titiriw no fa. Ethiopia aban ne ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ Farm Africa afi ase reyɛ nneɛma bi de asi kwaɛ a wotutu no ano. Kwaɛ a wotutu yɛ asɛm, na kwaɛ ho hia wɔ Afrika, efisɛ nnipa dodoɔ de wɔn ho ato so kɛse na ama wɔanya ahiade titiriw. Wɔde nnua yɛ daberɛ, ntade, kuayɛ mu nneɛma, ne nneɛma afoforo pii. Wɔde nnua mu nneɛma nso yɛ nnuru ne nnuane ahorow pii. Nnuane yi bi ne nnuaba, nnuadewa, ɛwoɔ, ne nea ɛkeka ho pii. Nnua ho hia kɛse ɛfiri sɛ ɛma sikasɛm mu mfaso wɔ Afrika, titiriw wɔ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔsoɔ mu. Kwaɛ nso boa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia. Habammono no, mmoa ahorow bɛboro ɔpepem 1.5 na ɛwɔ hɔ. Sɛ kwaƐ mu atraɛ a wɔde bɛbɔ mmoa ahorow no ho ban nni hɔ a, nipa dodoɔ nkwa wɔ nsaneɛ mu. Nnipa ne mmoa ahorow ɔpepem pii asetena da nsaneɛ mu ɛsane kwaɛ a wotutu nti. Adeyɛ no yɛ nsunsuansuo a ɛka mpɔtam bi, abɔde a nkwa wom, ne sikasɛm afa ahorow pii.<ref>Hillstrom & Hillstrom The Worlds environments. a continental overview of environmental issues 2003 pg. 85–86</ref> Afrika aman pii afi aseɛ reyɛ nnwuma a wɔde bɛsan asiesie nneɛma a ɛbɛma wɔadane nkɛntɛnso a kwaɛ a wotutu de ba no. Wɔada no adi sɛ saa nnwuma yi ma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no tu mpɔn wɔ akwan pii so na ɛma nipa a wɔte bɛn hɔ no asetena tu mpɔn. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no "Kwaeɛ a wɔbɛsan asiesie ne kuayo nhyehyeyɛ bɛtumi aboa, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ama wɔagye carbon, asi nsuyiri ano, ama abɔdeɛ a nkwa wɔm a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ kɛseɛ, asiesie nsase a asɛe, ama mpɔtam ahoɔden a wɔde bɛma nkuraaseɛ ahiafoɔ, ama asase a wɔde adi dwuma ne nsuo a wɔde di dwuma no atu mpɔn.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Favretto|first1=Nicola|last2=Dougill|first2=Andrew|last3=Stringer|first3=Lindsay|last4=Afionis|first4=Stavros|last5=Quinn|first5=Claire|date=12 March 2018|title=Links between Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation and Development in Land Policy and Ecosystem Restoration Projects: Lessons from South Africa|journal=Sustainability|volume=10|issue=3|pages=779|doi=10.3390/su10030779|issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Asase a wɔsɛe no == Nsuo a ɛtɔ, nsubɔnten ne mframa ne asase a wɔde di dwuma boro so de yɛ kua ne nwura a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii no ama asase no adan nnɔbaeɛ, te sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, wɔ Nil ne Orange Asubɔnten no asasetaw so. Ade titiriw a ɛde asase no sɛe ne sɛ wɔmfa nnuro a wɔayɛ a wɔmfa nni dwuma, efisɛ Afrika asase nni aduanenuro a ɛwɔ abɔde mu na wɔtow plastic nwura te sɛ polythene nkotoku, prɛte a abubu, nsukorade, nsu sanku, plastic nsu nkotoku ne jerrycan nso gu asase no so. Nipa dodoɔ a ɛrekɔ soro no nso aboa bere a ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo dua nnɔbae, sɛ sika tebea, nanso wɔnyɛ nneɛma bi mfa mmɔ asase no ho ban,<ref>{{cite web|title=IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Soil Degradation in Africa IFA|url=http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|work=fertilizer.org|publisher=IFA|access-date=15 May 2013|archive-date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510070935/http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|url-status=dead}}</ref>, esiane sika a wonnya sua nti.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Land and Environmental Degradation and Desertification in Africa|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5318E/x5318e02.htm|publisher=FAO|access-date=15 May 2013}}</ref> Akwan a wɔfa so mprempren no de nhyɛso kɛse ba nneɛma afoforo a atwa yɛn ho ahyia te sɛ kwae so, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛkɔ so atena hɔ daa.<ref name="auto12">{{cite web|title=IFA : International Fertilizer Industry Association – Soil Degradation in Africa / SUSTAINABILITY / HomePage / IFA|url=http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|work=fertilizer.org|publisher=IFA|access-date=15 May 2013|archive-date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510070935/http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/HomePage/SUSTAINABILITY/Soil-degradation-in-Africa|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nso wɔ hɔ a ɛde asase no yiedie ba. Asase no fa kɛse no ara wɔ abotan anaa dɔte a efi ogya bepɔw dwumadi mu. Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba ne asase a ɛwosoɔ, anhweatam a ɛresɛe, ne kwae a wotutu. Ade foforo a ɛma asase sɛe ne nwura a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiyie, nneɛma ne akwan a wɔfa so di [[File:Garbage_dumped_by_the_road_side_in_mbarara_in_western_Uganda_03.jpg|alt=Plastic bags dumped by the road side in Katete in mbarara district in western Uganda|thumb| Plastik nkotoku a wɔtow guu kwan no nkyɛn wɔ Katete wɔ mbarara mantam mu wɔ Uganda atɔe fam]] nwura ho dwuma a wonni no ma wɔtow nwura gu asase mu, enti ɛde asase no sɛe denam akwan horow te sɛ leaching so. Afrika asase a ɛsɛe no ma aduane a wonya so te, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsɛe ade, na asetena pa so te wɔ Afrika nyinaa.<ref name="auto2"/> Sɛ nnuro a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae buo yɛ den na wɔnam saayɛ so de di dwuma kɛse a, anka asɛm yi so bɛtew.<ref name="auto12"/> Amanaman Nkabom no ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ Wiase Nyinaa Nhwehwɛmu a Ɛfa Asase a Nnipa De Sɛe Ho (GLASOD) mfa nhwehwɛ nea ɛde asase sei no ba ne sɛnea ɛte no mu nkɔ akyiri. Nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano no yɛ nea wobetumi anya kwa, na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wɔbɛma amammuifo a wɔwɔ mmeayɛ a aduanee wɔ hɔ no ate ase.<ref>{{cite web|title=Soil Degradation|url=http://www.goodplanet.info/eng/Pollution/Soils/Soil-degradation|publisher=Goodplanet.info|access-date=15 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518084447/http://www.goodplanet.info/eng/Pollution/Soils/Soil-degradation|archive-date=18 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mframa a wɔsɛe no == Mframa a ɛwɔ Afrika no ho agu fi kɛse esane nneɛma pii a wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ ase ha nti. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ tete kwan a wɔfa so yɛ kua a ɛkɔ so wɔ mmeayɛ dodoɔ no ara wɔ Afrika no yɛ ade a ɛde ba. Amanaman Nkabom Aduan ne Kuadwuma [[File:Air_Pollution_in_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Kar tae a wɔhyew a ɛde mframa ho fi ba wɔ Accra]] Ahyehyɛde (FAO) bu akontaa sɛ asase heka ɔpepem 11.3 reyera afe biara esiane kuayo, adidibea, ɔhyew a wontumi nni so ne nnua a wɔde yɛ pɛtro a wɔde di dwuma nti.<ref>Lanly, J.P. (1982) ''Tropical Forest Resources''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an778e/an778e00.pdf</ref> Wɔde nnua ne fango a wɔhyew na ɛyɛ aduanenoa<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.eg.10.110185.002203|doi-access=free|title=Fuelwood and Charcoal Use in Developing Countries|journal=[[Annual Review of Energy]]|volume=10|pages=407–29|year=1985|last1=Wood|first1=T S|last2=Baldwin|first2=S}}</ref> na eyi ma mframa bone a ɛyɛ awuduru a ɛde efi ba weam no pue kɔ weam.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1029/2007GL031101|title=On the causal link between carbon dioxide and air pollution mortality|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=35|issue=3|pages=L03809|year=2008|last1=Jacobson|first1=Mark Z|s2cid=16440166|bibcode=2008GeoRL..35.3809J|doi-access=free}}</ref> Afei nso, ɛsane ayinam ahoɔden a wɔmfa mma nti, ɛsɛ sɛ afie dodoɔ no ara de wɔn ho to pɛtro ne diesel a ɛwɔ mfiri a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden mu so na ama wɔn anyinam ahoɔden akɔ so ayɛ adwuma.<ref name="auto23">World Health Organization (2013). Regional burden of disease due to indoor air pollution. Retrieved from [https://web.archive.org/web/20040701221414/http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_regional/en/]</ref> Mframa a wɔsɛe no wɔ Afrika no reba anim na ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu ani gu so koraa. yɛwhɛ a, wɔ South Africa no, mercury dodoɔ no mu yɛ den esiane fango a wɔhyew ne sika kɔkɔɔ a wotu nti. Mercury fi mframa mu kɔ asase ne nsu mu. Asase no ma nnɔbae a nipa di no tumi twe mercury . Mmoa di nnɔbae a atwe mercury no na bio nnipa betumi awe saa mmoa yi. Mpataa twetwe mercury a efi nsu no mu no, nnipa nso we mpataa no na wɔnom nsu a mercury wɔ mu no. Wei ma mercury dodoɔ a ɛkɔ nipa mu no yɛ kɛseɛ. ɛbetumi de nkwahosɛn a emu yɛ den aba.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.010|title=The impact of post gold mining on mercury pollution in the West Rand region, Gauteng, South Africa|journal=Journal of Geochemical Exploration|volume=134|pages=111–9|year=2013|last1=Lusilao-Makiese|first1=J.G|last2=Cukrowska|first2=E.M|last3=Tessier|first3=E|last4=Amouroux|first4=D|last5=Weiersbye|first5=I}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1039/B917452D|pmid=20145889|title=Elevated mercury exposure in communities living alongside the Inanda Dam, South Africa|journal=J. Environ. Monit.|volume=12|issue=2|pages=472–7|year=2010|last1=Papu-Zamxaka|first1=Vathiswa|last2=Mathee|first2=Angela|last3=Harpham|first3=Trudy|last4=Barnes|first4=Brendon|last5=Röllin|first5=Halina|last6=Lyons|first6=Michal|last7=Jordaan|first7=Wikus|last8=Cloete|first8=Marthinus|hdl=2263/15981|url=http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/15981/1/Papu-Zamxaka_Elevated%282010%29.pdf|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Cathy Liousse a ɔhwɛ CNRS ɛweam nnyigyei ho nhwehwɛmu so panyin ne nhwehwɛmufo afoforo pii bɔ kɔkɔ sɛ wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ Afrika betumi agyina hɔ ama efi a wɔtow gu wiase no fa wɔ afe 2030 mu. Sɛnea amanneɛbɔ no kyerɛ no, Afrika Sahara anafo fam rehyia efi a ɛrenya nkɔanim ntɛmntɛm, a efi nneɛma pii mu ba, te sɛ nnua a wɔhyew de noa aduane, nwura a wɔhyew wɔ baguam, kar akwan, kuayɛ mu nnuanr ne nnuruyɛ adwumayɛbea ahorow, mfutuma a efi Sahara a mframa a ɛfa Sahel mpɔtam hɔ, a nnipa dodow a ɛrekɔ soro kɛse ne nkurow akɛse mu a wɔbɛkɔ so ahyɛ eyi nyinaa mu den.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/11/29/en-afrique-de-l-ouest-une-pollution-mortelle-mais-d-ampleur-inconnue_6021103_3212.html|language=fr|title=En Afrique de l'Ouest, une pollution mortelle mais d'ampleur inconnue|date=29 November 2019|author=Mariama Darame|website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ ehia sɛ wɔde wɔn ho gye mu bereɛ a ɛboro Mmofra a Wɔadi dɛm Nkwa Mfe a Wɔayɛ Nsakrae no nyinaa mu nkyem aduaa mu baako no<ref>World Health Organization (2013). Mental Health – DALYs/YLDs definition. Retrieved from [https://web.archive.org/web/20031225235419/http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/daly/en/]</ref> no hweree esiane mframa a wɔsɛe no wɔ afie mu a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu wɔ Afrika nti.<ref name="auto23"/> Ɛho hia sɛ wɔde pɛtro na ama akanea anya ahoɔden anadwo. Petrol a wɔrehyew no ma mframa bɔne a wɔfrɛ no mframa bone pii gu ɛweam. Esiane sɛ Nkurow akɛse mu a wɔbɛkɔ so ayɛ kɛse wɔ Afrika nti, nkurɔfo rehyew pɛtro pii na wɔde kar pii redi dwuma de akɔ. Mframa a kar mu mframa a wɔtow gu a ɛrekɔ soro ne su a ɛrekɔ so sɛ wɔbɛma mfiridwuma ayɛ kɛse no kyerɛ sɛ nkurow akɛse mu mframa pa a ɛwɔ asasepɔn no so no resɛe. Eyi te saa nso wɔ nkurow akɛse pii mu wɔ Nigeria a nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde mframa pa ba no bi ne mframa a wɔtow gu, mfiridwuma mu mframa a wɔtow gu ne nwura a ɛyɛ den a wɔhyew. Nsonsonoe a ɛsakra wɔ efi mu wɔ mmere mu nso wɔ hɔ a mframa a wɔsɛe no kɛse sen biara no ba wɔ ɔpɛ bere mu (November kosi March wɔ atifi fam, May kosi September wɔ anafo fam).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria General Health Risks: Air Pollution|url=https://www.iamat.org/country/nigeria/risk/air-pollution|access-date=2024-06-16|archive-date=2024-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211081943/https://www.iamat.org/country/nigeria/risk/air-pollution|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wɔ aman pii mu no, pɛtro a kɔbere wom a wɔde di dwuma da so ara abu so, na akwan a wɔfa so siw mframa bɔne ano wɔ kar mu nni hɔ. Mframa a wɔsɛe no wɔ dan mu no atrɛw, na ne fa kɛse no ara fi fango a wɔhyew wɔ adididan mu de noa aduan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Air Quality in Africa|url=http://www.epa.gov/international/air/africa.htm|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency|access-date=15 May 2013|archive-date=18 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218153604/http://www.epa.gov/international/air/africa.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nnuru a efi mmeae a wɔtɔn pɛtro ne nitrogen ne hydrocarbon a efi wimhyɛn gyinabea ahorow mu ba no ma mframa mu efi ba. Carbon dioxide mframa afoforo a ɛma wim yɛ hyew a ɛwɔ mframa mu no ma nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔhome ho haw no dɔɔso.<ref>{{cite web|last=Scorgie|first=Yvanne|title=Air Quality and Regulation|url=http://www.naca.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74:air-quality-and-regulation&catid=37:the-air-quality-act-aqa&Itemid=56|publisher=NACA|access-date=15 May 2013}}</ref> Abusuabɔ koro da mframa a wɔsɛe no ne nnipa dodow ntam. Afrika gu ahorow kɛse wɔ mmeae a nnipa dɔɔso dodo ne mmeae a nnipa kakraa bi na wɔte hɔ no ntam. Wɔ mmeae a mfiridwuma nnya nkɔso pii na nnipa kakraa bi na wɔwɔ mu no, mframa pa yɛ kɛse. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, wɔ mmeae a nnipa dɔɔso na mfiridwuma wɔ hɔ no, mframa no sua. Mpɛn pii no, mframa a wɔsɛe no wɔ nkurow akɛse mu no ho dwuma a wobedi no yɛ ade titiriw, ɛwom mpo sɛ asasepɔn no nyinaa nnya mframa mu efi kakraa bi wɔ amanaman ntam gyinapɛn ahorow mu de. Ɛno mpo no, mframa mu fi de akwahosan ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ahorow reba. Saa nneɛma a ɛde efi ba yi yɛ asiane ma nnipa a wɔwɔ Afrika ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔbɔ mmɔden kɛse sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so atra hɔ no.<ref>Hillstrom & Hillstrom The Worlds environments. a continental overview of environmental issues 2003 pp. 207–208</ref> Wɔ afe 2019 mu no, mframa a wɔsɛee no kunkum nipa ɔpepem 1.1 wɔ Afrika nyinaa, sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi a wotintimii wɔ The Lancet Planetary Health mu wɔ October 2021 mu kyerɛ no.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Air pollution and development in Africa: impacts on health, the economy, and human capital|year=2021|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00201-1|pmid=34627472|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(21)00201-1/fulltext|last1=Fisher|first1=Samantha|last2=Bellinger|first2=David C.|last3=Cropper|first3=Maureen L.|last4=Kumar|first4=Pushpam|last5=Binagwaho|first5=Agnes|last6=Koudenoukpo|first6=Juliette Biao|last7=Park|first7=Yongjoon|last8=Taghian|first8=Gabriella|last9=Landrigan|first9=Philip J.|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health|volume=5|issue=10|pages=e681–e688|s2cid=238580295|doi-access=free}}</ref> Afrika mmofra bɛboro ɔpepem 350 te afie a wɔde pɛtro a ɛyɛ den, a ne fa kɛse no ara yɛ nnua ne fango, di dwuma de noa aduan ne ɔhyew mu. Mframa a efi pɛtro a ɛyɛ den yi mu ba no ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde mframa a wɔsɛe no wɔ dan mu ba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andrew Mambondiyani|date=2021-10-25|title=Air Pollution Killed a Million People in Africa in 2019|url=http://eos.org/articles/air-pollution-killed-a-million-people-in-africa-in-2019|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Eos|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wim Nsakrae == Wim nsakrae a ɛwɔ Afrika no yɛ asiane a emu yɛ den kɛse efisɛ Afrika ka nsasepɔn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ wim nsakrae [[File:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Mfonini a ɛkyerɛ [[Adwinnade mu hyew ho kyerɛwtohɔ|ɔhyew nsakrae]] wɔ Afrika wɔ 1901 ne 2021 ntam, a kɔla kɔkɔɔ yɛ hyew na bruu yɛ nwini sen sɛnea wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ (wɔfa ɔhyew a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ 1971–2000 mu sɛ ade a wɔde hwɛ nsakrae yi).]] nkɛntɛnso ho no ho.<ref>{{cite book|author=Schneider, S. H.|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-3.html|title=Chapter 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change|publisher=Print version: CUP. This version: IPCC website|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-88010-7|editor=Parry, M. L.|series=Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|location=Cambridge University Press (CUP): Cambridge, UK|contribution=19.3.3 Regional vulnerabilities|display-authors=etal|access-date=2011-09-15|display-editors=etal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312104158/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-3.html|archive-date=2013-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Niang-20143">Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref name="Kendon-2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Kendon|first1=Elizabeth J.|last2=Stratton|first2=Rachel A.|last3=Tucker|first3=Simon|last4=Marsham|first4=John H.|last5=Berthou|first5=Ségolène|last6=Rowell|first6=David P.|last7=Senior|first7=Catherine A.|date=2019|title=Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1794|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9|pmc=6478940|pmid=31015416|bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1794K}}</ref> Nsɛm bi mpo de Afrika to "asasepɔn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara wɔ Asase so".<ref name="Weather Channel-2022">{{Cite web|title=More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says {{!}} The Weather Channel – Articles from The Weather Channel {{!}} weather.com|url=https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood|access-date=2022-07-01|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=United Nations|first=UNEP|date=2017|title=Responding to climate change|url=http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change|access-date=2022-07-01|website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme|language=en}}</ref> Ɛda adi sɛ wim nsakrae ne weam nsakrae bɛtew kuayɛ mu nneɛma a wɔyɛ, aduan a wobenya ne nsu a wobenya so.<ref name="IPCC_4th_assessment_e">{{cite book|author=Boko, M.|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-es.html|title=Chapter 9: Africa|publisher=Print version: CUP. This version: IPCC website|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-88010-7|editor1=Parry, M. L.|series=Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|location=Cambridge University Press (CUP): Cambridge, UK|contribution=Executive summary|access-date=2011-09-15|display-editors=etal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108085734/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-es.html|archive-date=8 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ne saa nti, nsunsuanso bɔne bɛba nkurɔfo asetra ne nkɔso a ɛtra hɔ daa so wɔ Afrika.<ref name="Niang-20143"/> Wɔ mfie du du a ɛreba no mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wim nsakrae betumi ayɛ hyew wɔ Asase no ani nyinaa, na osu a ɛtɔ wɔ wiase nyinaa no bɛkɔ soro.<ref name="Global Warming of 1.5 °C —">{{Cite web|last=IPCC|date=2018|title=Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/|access-date=2020-02-16|website=IPCC}}</ref> Mprempren, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, Afrika rehyew ntɛmntɛm sen wiase aman a aka no. Ebia asasepɔn no afa akɛse bɛyɛ nea wontumi ntena ase esiane nkɛntɛnso a wim nsakrae de ba ntɛmntɛm nti, na ebenya nkɛntɛnso bɔne wɔ nnipa akwahosan, aduan a wobenya, ne ohia so.<ref>{{Cite book|last=European Investment Bank|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/sustainability-report-2021|title=EIB Group Sustainability Report 2021|date=6 July 2022|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5237-5|language=EN}}</ref><ref name="public.wmo.int">{{Cite web|date=18 October 2021|title=Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa|url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa|access-date=2022-07-26|website=public.wmo.int|language=en|archive-date=2023-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218160445/https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="un.org">{{Cite web|date=7 December 2018|title=Global warming: severe consequences for Africa|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa|access-date=2022-07-26|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}</ref> Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ nkɛntɛnso a osu tɔ wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wɔ mpɔtam hɔ no bɛsakra kɛse wɔ mmeae ahorow. Mpɛn pii no, nsakrae a ɛbɛkɔ so wɔ beae biako biara no nyɛ nea wontumi nsi pi kɛse. Mpɛn pii no, ɔhyew a wɔahu wɔ asase ani no akɔ soro bɛyɛ 1&nbsp;°C wɔ Afrika fi afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei kosi afeha a ɛto so 21 mfiase.<ref name="IRD-2017">{{Cite book|title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa|date=2017|publisher=IRD éditions|id=Impr. Jouve|isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5|location=Marseille|oclc=1034784045}}</ref> Wɔ Sahel no, nkɔanim no akɔ soro akodu 3&nbsp;°C ama ɔhyew a ɛba fam koraa wɔ ɔpɛ bere awiei.<ref name="IRD-2017" /> Nsɛm a ɛfa ɔhyew ne osutɔ ho kyerɛ sɛ ɛne nea wɔtaa tɔ no nhyia, wɔ bere ne beae a wɔyɛ no nyinaa mu<ref name="Niang-20143"/><ref name="Collins-2011">{{cite journal|last1=Collins|first1=Jennifer M.|title=Temperature Variability over Africa|journal=Journal of Climate|date=15 July 2011|volume=24|issue=14|pages=3649–3666|doi=10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1|bibcode=2011JCli...24.3649C|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Conway-2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conway|first1=Declan|last2=Persechino|first2=Aurelie|last3=Ardoin-Bardin|first3=Sandra|last4=Hamandawana|first4=Hamisai|last5=Dieulin|first5=Claudine|last6=Mahé|first6=Gil|title=Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|date=February 2009|volume=10|issue=1|pages=41–59|doi=10.1175/2008JHM1004.1|bibcode=2009JHyMe..10...41C|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sɛ nhwɛso no, Kenya wɔ baabi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ nkɛntɛnso a wim nsakrae de ba no ho. Wim tebea mu asiane atitiriw no bi ne ɔpɛ ne nsuyiri efisɛ ɛda adi sɛ osu bɛtɔ kɛse na wontumi nhyɛ nkɔm. Wim tebea ho nhwɛso ahorow kyerɛ sɛ ɔhyew bɛkɔ soro 0.5 kosi 2&nbsp;°C.<ref name="World_Bank">{{cite web|author=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal|title=Kenya (Vulnerability)|url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-date=2023-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wɔ Nairobi nkurow akɛse mu atrae a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan biara so no, nkurow akɛse mu ɔhyew supɔw so nkɛntɛnso no de ɔhaw no ka ho bere a ɛma ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse mpo no. Eyi fi nneɛma a wɔde si afie, mframa a enni hɔ, mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ frɔmfrɔm a enni hɔ, ne anyinam ahoɔden ne nnwuma afoforo a wontumi nnya no yiye.<ref name="Hirch_2017">{{cite web|last=Hirch|first=Aurther|date=November 2017|title=Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements|url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/}}</ref> Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo no de botaeɛ 47 ne nneyɛeɛ a ɛne no hyia ato hɔ wɔ afe 2014 amanneɛbɔ nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔde bɛko atia wim nsakraeɛ wɔ Afrika na wɔabrɛ ase no mu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/pdf/au/cap_draft_auclimatestrategy_2015.pdf|title=AFRICAN STRATEGY ON CLIMATE CHANGE|publisher=African Union|year=2014}}</ref> Amanaman Ntam Sikakorabea no hyɛɛ nyansa wɔ afe 2021 mu sɛ ebia ɛho behia dɔla ɔpepepem 50 na wɔde atua ka a wɔbɔ wɔ wim nsakrae a wɔbɛsakra ho wɔ Afrika no ho.<ref>{{Cite book|last=European Investment Bank|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/finance-in-africa-navigating-the-financial-landscape-in-turbulent-times|title=Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times|date=2022-10-19|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5382-2|language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2021|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2021-Report.pdf|website=UN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=United Nations|title=Population growth, environmental degradation and climate change|url=https://www.un.org/en/desa/population-growth-environmental-degradation-and-climate-change|access-date=2022-10-28|website=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> == Mpoano A ɛreworo So == Mpoano a ɛporɔw yɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho asɛm a ɛda nsow wɔ Afrika mmeae pii, titiriw wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam mpoano. Saa adeyɛ yi ma wɔhwere asase, nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma sɛe, na mpɔtam hɔfo tu fi wɔn afie mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi saa ɔhaw yi ho dwuma no, wɔhyɛɛ West Africa Coastal Areas Management Program (WACA) ase wɔ afe 2018 mu, a wɔde sika dɔla ɔpepem 594 firii Wiase Sikakorabea hɔ denam Amanaman Ntam Nkɔsoɔ Fekuo (IDA) so. Benin ne Togo nya mpoano a wɔhwere bɛyɛ mita 15 afe biara, na mmeae bi hwere bɛyɛ mita 30. Saa nsu a ɛreworo so yi ama afie asɛe na ɛde asiane kɛse aba nkwa ne sika a wɔde hyɛ mu no so. WACA aboa nnwuma akɛseɛ bɛyɛ aduonu a ɛfa ahyeɛ ho nnwuma akɛseɛ, a ɛboro kilomita 42 a wɔde asorɔkye a ɛpaapae, asen, ne anhwea afasuo na ɛyɛ. Wɔ mmeae te sɛ Grand-Popo no, po no akɔ fam mita 200, na ɛde mpoano foforo a ne tenten yɛ kilomita 5.3 aba. Dwumadi no abɔ afie 27,000 (bɛyɛ ankorankoro 145,000) asetra ne wɔn asetrade ho ban afi nsuyiri ho, na ama mmeae a wogye wɔn ani ne mpataayi a wɔde nsa yɛ no atu mpɔn.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tamed Sea: An Alliance Restored With Coastal Communities|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2024/06/06/the-tamed-sea-an-alliance-restored-with-coastal-communities|access-date=2024-06-13|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> == Nsu a ɛho yɛ na == Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma nsu ho yɛ na wɔ Afrika ne honam fam ne sikasɛm mu nsu a ɛho yɛ na, nnipa dodow a ɛkɔ soro ntɛmntɛm, ne nkɛntɛnso a wim nsakrae nya wɔ nsu kyinhyia so. Nsu a ɛho yɛ na ne nsu pa a wonnya mfa nni nsu a wɔhwehwɛ a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no ho dwuma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Scarcity {{!}} Threats {{!}} WWF|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/water-scarcity|access-date=2020-11-29|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en}}</ref> Osu a ɛtɔ wɔ Afrika Sahara anafo fam no yɛ bere mu de kɛse na ɛnkyɛ, na ɛde nsuyiri ne ɔpɛ taa ba.<ref name="WFL">{{cite web|title=International Decade for Action: Water for Life 2005-2015|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/africa.shtml|access-date=1 April 2013}}</ref> Amanaman Nkabom no Aduan ne Kuadwuma Ahyehyɛde no bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ afe 2012 mu sɛ mprempren nsu a ɛho yɛ na a ɛrenya nkɔanim no yɛ nsɛnnennen atitiriw a ɛwɔ nkɔso a ɛtra hɔ daa no mu biako.<ref>FAO (2012). [http://www.fao.org/3/i3015e/i3015e.pdf Coping with water scarcity - An action framework for agriculture and food security], FAO Rome.</ref> Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nsubɔnten a ɛrekɔ soro no adu tebea horow a nsu ho yɛ na mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne nneɛma a kuayɛ ne nnwuma afoforo hwehwɛ a wɔaka abom. Nsu a ɛho yɛ na wɔ Afrika no nya nkɛntɛnso ahorow pii. Ɛfiri akwahosan so, titire a ɛka mmaa ne mmofra, kɔsi nwomasua, kuayɛ mu aba ne nkɔsoɔ a ɛtra hɔ daa so. Ebetumi nso ama nsu mu ntawntawdi pii aba. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi nsu a ɛho yɛ na wɔ Afrika ho asɛm no ho dwuma yiye no, Amanaman Nkabom Sikasɛm Bagua a Ɛhwɛ Afrika So no si hia a ehia sɛ wɔde sika hyɛ Afrika nsu a ebetumi aba no mu nkɔso mu so dua. Eyi bɛma aduan a wobenya ne nsu a wobenya no atu mpɔn, na abɔ sikasɛm mu mfaso ho ban denam ɔpɛ, nsuyiri, ne anhweatam so a wɔbɛhwɛ so yiye no so <ref name="uneca">{{cite web|title=Management Options to Enhance Survival and Growth|url=http://www.uneca.org/awich/Water%20in%20Africa.pdf|access-date=18 March 2012|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507163348/https://www.uneca.org/awich/Water%20in%20Africa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Plastik a wɔde yɛ efi == Te sɛ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso no mmeae afoforo no, efi a wɔde plastic ayɛ no de ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtrɛw te sɛ efi a ɛwɔ [[File:Share_of_plastic_waste_that_is_inadequately_managed,_OWID.svg|thumb|Plastik nwura a wɔanhwɛ so yiye no mu kyɛfa]]nsu kwan so, ahum nsu a wɔde di dwuma a wɔsɛe no, ne nyarewa a ɛrekɔ soro esiane nwansena ne mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae a wɔte plastik mu nti reba<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Lerner|first=Sharon|date=2020-04-19|title=Africa's Exploding Plastic Nightmare: As Africa Drowns in Garbage, the Plastics Business Keeps Booming|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/04/19/africa-plastic-waste-kenya-ethiopia/|access-date=2022-03-06|website=The Intercept|language=en-US}}</ref> Plastik a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye no yɛ nneɛma a wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma ahorow nyinaa de ma a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔaka abom, sɛ nhwɛso no, denam nsu a wohia kɛse a wɔde ma denam nsu a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu ne nsu kotoku mu, ne nwura a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye bere a wɔde adi dwuma akyi no so.<ref name=":13"/> Mmeae bi wɔ Afrika nso ayɛ mmeae a wɔtow plastic nwura fi Wiase Nyinaa Atifi fam<ref name=":13"/> Aban ahorow bi reyɛ ho biribi, na asasepɔn no di wiase no fa a aka no anim wɔ plastic a wɔbarae a ɛtew plastic a wɔde di dwuma pɛnkoro te sɛ plastic bag ne [[File:Garbage_and_plastic_waste_in_drainage_channel_in_Butare_town_in_Bushenyi_District_in_Western_Uganda_02.jpg|alt=Garbage and plastic waste in drainage channel in Butare town in Bushenyi District in Western Uganda|thumb| Nwura ne plastic nwura a ɛwɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu wɔ Butare kurow mu wɔ Bushenyi Mantam mu wɔ Uganda Atɔe fam]]nnwinnade a wɔde ma aduan a wɔma ho kwan sɛ wɔde di dwuma ne ne yɛ so.<ref name=":13"/> jbxhuqfjtot4g9gnug15b2ragz9ztyz 0 17497 200676 191728 2026-09-22T15:52:44Z Opoku Akaadom Sympathy 10322 200676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} Tepa Banie yɛ bosomkɛseɛ ma Asanteman.<ref>{{Citation |last=NYANSAPO TV |title=THE POWERS OF TEPA BANIE ANCESTRAL BIRTHMARK ( NANA ATWENEWA AMPEM I, TEPA MANHENE ) |date=2023-02-08 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmSPjolAcO8 |access-date=2025-07-17}}</ref>Saa bosomkɛseɛ yi wɔ Tepa man mu; Tepa yɛ kuro wɔ Asanteman mu, [[Ghana]], na ɛno ne kuro a ɛda [[Ahafo Ano North (Ghana mmarahyɛbadwafie mpɛsoa)|Ahafo Ano Atifi fam no ano]]. Tepa yɛ kuro a wɔn dwuma titire ne kuayɔ ne dwadie.Na ɛyɛ kuro nso a wɔnntoto wɔn amammerɛ ne amanneɛ ase ne titire no Tepa Banie a ɔboa kuro no ne Asanteman wɔ honhom fam. == Abakɔsɛm == Tepa Banie abakɔsɛm no wɔ nhini pa ara wɔ Asante amammerɛ mu wɔ Ghana. Tepa Banie yɛ bosomkɛseɛ wɔ Asante ahennie mu,na ɔwɔ tumi a ɔma obonyini tumi wo na afei ɔboaa Asanteman wɔ ako mu maa Asante ne Tepa ahennie no yɛɛ kɛse. Saa tumi kɛseɛ a Tepa Banie kura no nti ,Tepahene nko ara ne nipa a ɔhyɛ fitaa de kɔ ayie ase ne adwabɔ ahodoɔ nyinaa ase nanso Asante nhenfo nkaeɛ no deɛ wɔnni saa akwanya no, wɔhyɛ tuntum.<ref>{{Citation |last=NYANSAPO TV |title=SUPERB ARRIVAL OF TEPA MANHENE NANA ADUSEI ATWENEWA AMPEM I AND ASANTE BOSOMKESE BANIE AT MANHYIA |date=2024-02-11 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPTevLTl-7g |access-date=2025-07-17}}</ref>Saa amanneɛ yi kyerɛ tumi kɛseɛ a ɛkura Banie bosom no wɔ Asante ahennie mu. Tepa banie abɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛne Asante ahennie no anya ayɔnkofa kɛseɛ. == Beaeɛ A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ == fv9gntfstr2hwhmixv8kpml6hs19vk4