Vikilugʻat uzwiktionary https://uz.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bosh_sahifa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 case-sensitive Media Maxsus Munozara Foydalanuvchi Foydalanuvchi munozarasi Vikilugʻat Vikilugʻat munozarasi Fayl Fayl munozarasi MediaWiki MediaWiki munozarasi Andoza Andoza munozarasi Yordam Yordam munozarasi Turkum Turkum munozarasi TimedText TimedText talk Modul Modul munozarasi Event Event talk 0 130788 640506 640505 2026-09-15T13:40:01Z Balamax 482 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-49883-35|~2026-49883-35]] ([[User talk:~2026-49883-35|munozara]]) tomonidan qilingan [[Special:Diff/640505|640505]]-sonli tahrir qaytarildi 640506 wikitext text/x-wiki Learning a language can help you achieve many things, like getting your dream job or feeling comfortable in your dream country by speaking its language. That's why learning a language can open many opportunities for you. ==Ingliz== Quyidagi jadvaldagi {{w|ingliz tili}} turli tovushlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|MFA]] va enPR / {{w|American Heritage Dictionary|Ahd}} ramzlari ko'rsatadi. Qabul talaffuz (RP, Buyuk Britaniya), General Amerika talaffuz (GenAm, AQSh), [[Avstraliya]] ingliz (Aue) va [[Yangi Zelandiya]] ingliz (NZE) tovushlarni ko'rsatilgan. Boshqa Lahjalari undoshlarga uchun, Vikipediya ko'ramiz {{w|Ingliz uchun MFA grafik}}. :''Ushbu [[:Image:IPA Chart for English 2.png|jadvaldagi eski versiyasi]] an rasm mavjud.'' ===[[unli|Unli]] [[tovush]]=== Bu unli stol monoftonglar va diftonglar ikkala roʻyxatini koʻrsatadi. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" | {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet|MFA}} ! rowspan="2" | enPR / {{w|American Heritage Dictionary|AHD}} ! rowspan="2" | misollar |- ! [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|30px]] RP !! [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|30px]] GenAm !! [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|30px]] CanE !! [[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|30px]] AuE !! [[Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg|30px]] NZE |- ! ɑː !! ɑ !! ɒ !! aː !! ɐː ! {{enPRchar|ä}} | f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''lm |- ! colspan="4" | æ !! ɛ ! {{enPRchar|ă}} | b'''a'''d, c'''a'''t, r'''a'''n<ref name="oxforda">Sometimes transcribed {{IPA|/a/|lang=en}} for RP, for example in dictionaries of the [[Wikipedia:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]].</ref><ref name="badlad">See [[Wikipedia:Phonological history of English short A#Bad–lad split|bad–lad split]] for more discussion of this vowel in Australian English.</ref> |- ! æɹ !! colspan="2" | ɛɹ !! !! ! {{enPRchar|ăr}} | [[carry|c'''arr'''y]] |- ! colspan="3" | eɪ !! æɪ !! æe ! {{enPRchar|ā}} | d'''ay''', p'''ai'''n |- ! ɑː !! colspan="2" | ɑɹ !! aː !! ɐː ! {{enPRchar|är}} | '''ar'''m, [[bard|b'''ar'''d]] |- ! ɛə / ɛː(ɹ) !! colspan="2" | ɛɹ !! eː !! eə ! {{enPRchar|âr}} | h'''air''', th'''ere'''<ref name="airsymbol">Alternative symbols used in British dictionaries include {{IPA|/ɛː/|lang=en}} ({{w|Oxford University Press}}) and {{IPA|/eə/|lang=en}}.</ref> |- ! colspan="3" | {{IPAchar2|Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɛ}} !! ! colspan="2" | e ! {{enPRchar|ĕ}} | b'''e'''d<ref name="collinse">Sometimes transcribed {{IPA|/e/|lang=en}} for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.</ref> |- ! colspan="3" | ɛɹ !! !! ! {{enPRchar|ĕr}} | [[merry|m'''err'''y]] |- ! iː !! {{IPAchar2|Close front unrounded vowel.ogg|i}} !! ! colspan="3" | iː ! {{enPRchar|ē}} | [[ease|'''ea'''se]], [[see|s'''ee''']] |- ! colspan="4" | {{IPAchar2|Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɪ}} !! ɘ ! {{enPRchar|ĭ}} | [[sit|s'''i'''t]], [[city|c'''i'''ty]], [[bit|b'''i'''t]] |- ! ɪ !! ! colspan="4" | i ! <!--{{enPRchar|i}}<ref>''i'' is not an [[w:American Heritage Dictionary|AHD]] symbol, and the sound is sometimes written as ''ē'' in Wiktionary entries</ref>--> | [[city|cit'''y''']], [[very|ver'''y''']], [[ready|read'''y''']] |- ! colspan="3" | {{IPAchar2|Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg|ɪ̈ , ɨ}} !! !! ! | [[roses|ros'''e'''s]] |- ! ɪə !! colspan="2" | ɪɹ !! ɪə !! iə ! {{enPRchar|ĭr}}, {{enPRchar|îr}} | n'''ear''', h'''ere''', [[Sirius|S'''ir'''ius]] |- ! colspan="2" | aɪ !! aɪ (ʌɪ) !! ɑe !! ɑe ! {{enPRchar|ī}} | [[my|m'''y''']], [[rice|r'''i'''ce]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Open back rounded vowel.ogg|ɒ}} !! {{IPAchar2|Open back unrounded vowel.ogg|ɑ}} !! ɒ !! ɔ !! {{IPAchar2|Open back rounded vowel.ogg|ɒ}} ! {{enPRchar|ŏ}} | [[not|n'''o'''t]], w'''a'''sp |- ! əʊ !! colspan="2" | oʊ !! əʉ !! ɐʉ ! {{enPRchar|ō}} | n'''o''', [[go|g'''o''']], [[hope|h'''o'''pe]] |- ! ɔə !! oɹ, ɔɹ !! ɔɹ !! !! ! {{enPRchar|ōr}} | [[hoarse|h'''oar'''se]] |- ! ɔː !! ɔ !! ɒ !! oː !! oː ! {{enPRchar|ô}} | [[law|l'''aw''']], [[caught|c'''au'''ght]] |- ! ɔː !! colspan="2" | ɔɹ || !! ! {{enPRchar|ôr}} | [[horse|h'''or'''se]] |- ! colspan="3" | ɔɪ !! oɪ !! oe ! {{enPRchar|oi}} | [[boy|b'''oy''']], [[noise|n'''oi'''se]] |- ! colspan="5" | {{IPAchar2|Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg|ʊ}} ! {{enPRchar|o͝o, ŏŏ}} | [[put|p'''u'''t]], [[foot|f'''oo'''t]] |- ! ʊə !! colspan="2" | ʊɹ !! ʊə !! ʉə ! {{enPRchar|o͝or, ŏŏr}} | [[poor|p'''oor''']], [[tour|t'''our''']], [[tourism|t'''our'''ism]] |- ! uː !! {{IPAchar2|Close back rounded vowel.ogg|u}} !! uː !! colspan="2" | ʉː ! {{enPRchar|o͞o, ōō}} | [[lose|l'''o'''se]], [[soon|s'''oo'''n]], [[through|thr'''ou'''gh]] |- ! colspan="2" | aʊ !! aʊ (ʌʊ) !! colspan="2" | æo ! {{enPRchar|ou}} | [[house|h'''ou'''se]], [[now|n'''ow''']] |- ! colspan="3" | {{IPAchar2|Open-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg|ʌ}} !! a !! ɐ ! {{enPRchar|ŭ}} | [[run|r'''u'''n]], [[enough|en'''ou'''gh]], [[up|'''u'''p]] |- ! ɜː !! ɝ, əɹ !! ɝː !! ɜː !! ɵː ! {{enPRchar|ûr}} | [[fur|f'''ur''']], [[bird|b'''ir'''d]] |- ! colspan="4" | {{IPAchar2|Schwa.ogg|ə}} !! ɘ ! {{enPRchar|ə}} | [[about|'''a'''bout]] |- ! ə !! colspan="2" | ɚ !! ə !! ɘ ! {{enPRchar|ər}} | [[winner|winn'''er''']], [[enter|ent'''er''']]<ref name="r-colored schwa">Sometimes transcribed for GA as <nowiki>[əɹ]</nowiki> or (for transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations) as <nowiki>[ə(ɹ)]</nowiki>.</ref> |} ===[[ohangdosh|Ohangdoshlar]]=== {| class="wikitable" ! {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet|MFA}} ! enPR / {{w|American Heritage Dictionary|AHD}} ! misollar |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg|b}} ! {{enPRchar|b}} | [[but|'''b'''ut]], [[web|we'''b''']], [[rubble|ru'''bb'''le]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg|tʃ}} ! {{enPRchar|ch}} | [[chat|'''ch'''at]], [[teach|tea'''ch''']], [[nature|na'''t'''ure]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg|d}} ! {{enPRchar|d}} | [[dot|'''d'''ot]], [[idea|i'''d'''ea]], [[nod|no'''d''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg|f}} ! {{enPRchar|f}} | [[fan|'''f'''an]], [[left|le'''f'''t]], [[enough|enou'''gh''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced velar plosive.ogg|ɡ}} ! {{enPRchar|g}} | [[get|'''g'''et]], [[bag|ba'''g''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg|h}} ! {{enPRchar|h}} | [[ham|'''h'''am]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg|ʍ (hw)}}<ref>Some phonologists dispute that {{IPAchar|/ʍ/}} is a distinct phoneme in English, and use {{IPAchar|/hw/}} instead.</ref> ! {{enPRchar|hw}} | [[which|'''wh'''ich]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg|dʒ}} ! {{enPRchar|j}} | [[joy|'''j'''oy]], [[agile|a'''g'''ile]], [[age|a'''ge''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless velar plosive.ogg|k}} ! {{enPRchar|k}} | [[cat|'''c'''at]], [[tack|ta'''ck''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|voiceless velar fricative.ogg|x}} ! {{enPRchar|ᴋʜ}} | [[loch|lo'''ch''']] {{dardga|Shotlandiya ingliz tilida}} |- ! {{IPAchar2|Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg|l}} ! {{enPRchar|l}} | [[left|'''l'''eft]] |- ! {{IPAchar|l̩ (əl)}}<ref name="cons">Some phonologists dispute that {{IPAchar|/l̩,/}}, {{IPAchar|/n̩,/}}, {{IPAchar|/m̩/}} are distinct phonemes in English, and use {{IPAchar|/əl/}}, {{IPAchar|/ən/}}, {{IPAchar|/əm/}} instead.</ref> ! {{enPRchar|l}} | [[little|litt'''le''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Bilabial nasal.ogg|m}} ! {{enPRchar|m}} | [[man|'''m'''an]], [[animal|ani'''m'''al]], [[him|hi'''m''']] |- ! {{IPAchar|m̩ (əm)}}<ref name="cons"/> ! {{enPRchar|m}} | [[spasm|spas'''m''']], [[prism|pris'''m''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Alveolar nasal.ogg|n}} ! {{enPRchar|n}} | [[note|'''n'''ote]], [[ant|a'''n'''t]], [[pan|pa'''n''']] |- ! {{IPAchar|n̩ (ən)}}<ref name="cons"/> ! {{enPRchar|n}} | [[hidden|hidd'''en''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Velar nasal.ogg|ŋ}} ! {{enPRchar|ng}} | [[singer|si'''ng'''er]], [[ring|ri'''ng''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Aspirated voiceless bilabial stop.ogg|p}} ! {{enPRchar|p}} | [[pen|'''p'''en]], [[spin|s'''p'''in]], [[top|to'''p''']], [[apple|a'''pp'''le]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Alveolar approximant.ogg|ɹ}}<ref>Often written {{IPAchar|/r/}}, especially in works that cover only English, even though the sound is not a trill.</ref> ! {{enPRchar|r}} | [[run|'''r'''un]], [[very|ve'''r'''y]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|s}} ! {{enPRchar|s}} | [[set|'''s'''et]], [[list|li'''s'''t]], [[ice|i'''ce''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg|ʃ}} ! {{enPRchar|sh}} | [[ash|a'''sh''']], [[sure|'''s'''ure]], [[ration|ra'''t'''ion]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Aspirated voiceless alveolar stop.ogg|t}} ! {{enPRchar|t}} | [[ton|'''t'''on]], [[butt|bu'''tt''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiceless dental fricative.ogg|θ}} ! {{enPRchar|th}} | [[thin|'''th'''in]], [[nothing|no'''th'''ing]], [[moth|mo'''th''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|voiced dental fricative.ogg|ð}} ! {{enPRchar|''th''}} | [[this|'''th'''is]], [[father|fa'''th'''er]], [[clothe|clo'''the''']] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg|v}} ! {{enPRchar|v}} | [[voice|'''v'''oice]], [[navel|na'''v'''el]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg|w}} ! {{enPRchar|w}} | [[wet|'''w'''et]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Palatal approximant.ogg|j}} ! {{enPRchar|y}} | [[yes|'''y'''es]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|z}} ! {{enPRchar|z}} | [[zoo|'''z'''oo]], [[quiz|qui'''z''']], [[rose|ro'''s'''e]] |- ! {{IPAchar2|Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg|ʒ}} ! {{enPRchar|zh}} | [[vision|vi'''s'''ion]], [[treasure|trea'''s'''ure]] |} ===Boshqa belgilar=== A belgisi MFA berilyapti boʻgʻinda oldin joylashtirilgan va undan keyin enPR / Ahd boʻlgan. {| class="wikitable" ! {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet|MFA}} ! enPR<br>({{w|American Heritage Dictionary|AHD}}) ! koʻrsatadi |- | {{IPAchar|ˈ}} ({{IPAchar|ˈ}}a) | {{enPRchar|ʹ}} (a{{enPRchar|ʹ}}) | primary {{w|Stress (linguistics)|stress}}, as in ''rapping'' /ˈɹæpɪŋ/ |- | {{IPAchar|ˌ}} ({{IPAchar|ˌ}}a) | {{enPRchar|'}} (a{{enPRchar|'}}) | {{w|secondary stress}} (or sometimes tertiary stress), as in ''battleship'' /ˈbætl̩ˌʃɪp/ |- | a{{IPAchar|.}}a | a{{enPRchar|-}}a | boʻgʻinlarda oʻrtasidagi boʻlinish |- | &nbsp;̩ | | boʻlgani kabi, boʻgʻinli undosh ''ridden'' [ˈɹɪdn̩] |- | ʔ | | kabi glottal to'xtatish, ''uh-oh'' /ˈʌʔoʊ/, [ˈʌ̆ʔ˦oʊ˨] |} '''Eslatma:''' EnPR va bosma Ahd belgilari biroz boshqacha. Onlayn, Ahd ular har doim bir xil tovushni ifodalovchi vakili yoʻq boʻlsa-da, ikkalasi ham "deb yozadi. ===Adabiyotlar=== <references/> k4dnnw5txu4rj6m5arf8nn7u0yuuyld