Vükiped vowiki https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifapad MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Nünamakanäd Patikos Bespik Geban Gebanibespik Vükiped Bespik dö Vükiped Ragiv Ragivibespik Sitanuns Bespik dö sitanuns Samafomot Samafomotibespik Yuf Yufibespik Klad Kladibespik TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2181 3340462 3315417 2026-07-17T22:18:40Z DawnyTest 33767 3340462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Länataib| | neminnetapük = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | stän = [[Ragiv:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|125px]]<br />[[Stän Regäna Pebalöl]] | sköt = [[Ragiv:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg|125px]]<br />[[Sköt Regäna Pebalöl]] | netahüm = [[God Save the King]] | topam = [[Ragiv:Europe location UK.png|250px]] | pük = [[Linglänapük]] | reigasit = [[monäk]] [[dalon|dailik]] | cifazif = [[London]] | rel = [[protästan]]s 43,5%<br />[[godinoam]]ans 37,8%<br />roma[[katul]]ans 8% | km2 = 244 820 | dötvata = 1,34 | lödanef_täxet = 60 587 300 | täxet = 2006 | lödanef_lätikün = 58 789 194 | census = 2001 | densit = 246 | völäd = [[Paun Britänik]] | völädakot = GBP | timatopäd = +0 e +1 | zäladel = | tld = uk | länakot=GB | tel = 44 }} '''Regän Pebalöl Greta⸗Britäna e Nolüda⸗Lireyeäna''' binon län in [[Yurop]]. Regän Pebalöl labon belödanis 63 181 775 (2011). Sürfat Regäna Pebalöl binon 242 910 km². Cifazif Regäna Pebalöl binon [[London]]. [[Ragiv:Map of the countries of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|Läns Regäna Pebalöl:<br><span style="color:blue;">Blövik</span> - [[Skotän]]<br> <span style="color:red;">redik</span> - [[Linglän]]<br><span style="color:green;">grünik</span> - [[Velsän]]<br><span style="color:gold;">yelovik</span> - [[Nolüda-Lireyän]]<br>vietik - [[Mäneän]]]] {{Läns in Yurop}} [[Klad:Regän Pebalöl| ]] [[Klad:Läns in Yurop]] 7uos4hll525dltrwrdayw7oaf3kri01 0 5461 3340402 3198854 2026-07-17T14:57:56Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Ferdinando Bassi''' äbinom Volapükan Litaliyänik ä sekretan [[Volapükaklub di Conegliano|Volapükakluba di Conegliano]] in [[Litaliyän]]. == Literat == * [[Rupert Kniele|Kniele, Rupert]]. 1889. ''Das erste Jahrzehnt der Weltsprache Volapük.'' Verlag von A. Schoy, Buchhandlung, Ueberlingen a. B. (Dönu päpübon ün 1984 fa [[Reinhard Haupenthal]], Saarbrücken: Editions Iltis.) ([[:de:s:Das_erste_Jahrzehnt_der_Weltsprache_Volapük|Vödem rigädik, ma dabükot balid]]). {{sid|yegäd=Volapükans}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bassi, Ferdinando}} [[Klad:Volapükans in Litaliyän]] [[Klad:Volapükans]] 86cdpanjw5vthf3zj6lnngp4wibrmt9 0 258630 3340396 3203576 2026-07-17T14:33:16Z Łukasz Winek 10785 + 3340396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Adam Mikołajewski''' (pämotöl tü [[1899]] [[dekul 24]] in [[Radomsko]] – ädeadöl tü [[1952]] [[dekul 27]] in [[Warszawa]]) äbinom filmota⸗ ä teatadramatan [[Polän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0586652/ Adam Mikołajewski pö el IMDb] (in Linglänapük) * [http://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?osoba=1112412 Adam Mikołajewski pö el FilmPolski.pl] (in Polänapük) * [https://www.filmweb.pl/person/Adam+Mikołajewski-45018 Adam Mikołajewski pö el Filmweb] (in Polänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Mikolajewski, Adam}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 1899]] [[Klad:Deadams ün 1952]] [[Klad:Dramatans Polänik]] pn5jyl39nh6eze3yppc71x8abhcd3pq 0 293785 3340420 3338680 2026-07-17T19:11:04Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revid}} {{short description|Tradutod Aramaikapükik me gamakons Jüdik}} {{About|tradutod Aramaikapükik Tanaakha|nütons votik|Targum (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} [[Ragiv:Targum.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Tanaakh Hebreik se tsenul 11id me targum, ba duto de [[Tunisän]], petüvöl in [[Lirakän]]: part of [[Schøyen Collection]]]] '''Targum''' ({{langx|arc|תרגום}}, ''interpretation'', ''translation'', ''version''; plürals: '''targumim''') äbinon tradutod primädiko spiköl ela [[Hebrew Bible]] (i panemöl: {{langx|he|תַּנַ״ךְ|''Tana"kh''}}) kel tradutan profesionik ({{lang|arc|מְתוּרגְמָן}} ''mǝṯurgǝmān'') ägedon in pük kösömik loganas ven at no äbinon [[Biblical Hebrew]]. At ävedon nenflitik nilü fin tsenul balid b.K., bi pük kösömik äbinon [[Aramaic]], du Hebreo pägebon te pro skol e godadöm.<ref name="Schühlein 1912">{{cite book|last=Schühlein|first=Franz|year=1912|title=Targum|publisher=Robert Appleton|publication-place=New York}}</ref> Tradutan suemiko äpläadükom tradutodi okik me parafras, klüls e samups, so das ävedon sölot [[sermon]]. Penön targum äbinon primüo pädöböl; tafo, penäds targumik äkomons so vemo as zänod [[first century]].<ref name="Schühlein 1912" /> No äpenons as döbiks fa dils relikös.<ref name="Schühlein 1912" /> Tradits Jüdik posik, primölo me Jüds in [[Nolüda-Mesopotamän]], akceptons penätis targumik, kels nu panemons [[Targum Onkelos]] e [[Targum Jonathan]], as tradutods döbiks me gamakons Hebreik lü Aramaic. Nu, sinif kösömik ela ''targum'' binon penät tradutoda Aramaikapükik Biba. Te [[Yemenite Jews]] dalandons ad gebön targumim liturgiko. As tradutods, targumim klänikumo jäfidons [[Midrash|midrashiki]] interpretati Tanaakha se tim penameka onsik e binons nitedik bi prefidons [[Allegorical interpretation of the Bible|reidods allegorik]] para [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphisms]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Oesterley|first1=WOE|last2=Box|first2=GH|year=1920|title=A Short Survey of the Literature of Rabbinical and Mediæval Judaism|publisher=Burt Franklin|place=New York}}</ref> [[Maimonides]], as sam, noton ati suemiko in el ''[[The Guide for the Perplexed]]''. At binon verat pro targums istsös leterik ed istsös midrashik plänüköls. Yel 1541, [[Elia Levita]] äpenom e äpublikom eli ''Sefer Meturgeman,'' klülon vödis Aramaikapükik valik, kels petüvons in Targums [[Targum Onkelos|Onqelos]], [[Targum Jonathan|Jonathan]], e [[Targum Pseudo-Jonathan|pseudo-Jonathan]].<ref name="JE">[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9864-levita-elijah "Levita, Elijah"], in the 1906 ''Jewish Encyclopedia.''</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Levita|first=Elia|author-link=Elia Levita|title=Sefer meturgeman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9zVGAAAAYAAJ|year=1542}}</ref> Targumim pagebons nu as fonats in edisüns tekakritik Biba (''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]]'' sinifons onis me lübladig '''[[Fraktur|𝔗]]'''). == Gloprims == Nüm {{lang|arc|Targum}} pestabon de [[semitic root]] balid {{script|Hebr|תרגם}} ({{Transliteration|he|trgm}}), e vöd Akkadik {{Lang|akk|targummanu}} sinifon "tradutan, klükan".<ref name="Philip">Philip S. Alexander, (1992) "Targum, Targumim", in ''The Anchor Bible Dictionary'', ed. David Noel Freedman (New York: Doubleday), 6:320–31</ref> Konoton in [[Ezra 4]]:7 "let penöl in Aramaic e petradutöl." Dü sinifön tradutodis Biba, {{lang|arc|targum}} i sinifon reidami pödik me lektüns Biba in [[synagogue]],<ref name="Philip" /> du tradutan Biba pänamon te {{lang|arc|hammeturgem}} (el kel traduton). Pla sinif "tradutön", vöb {{lang|arc|tirgem}} i sinifon "klülon".<ref name="Philip" /> {{lang|arc|Targum}} sinifon "[[Translation|tradutod]]" e arguments u "[[Explanation#Explanations and arguments|explanation|klülad]]".<ref name="Philip" /> == Targumim gretik tel == {{Bible related}} Targumim tel veütikün pro nefs liturgik binons:<ref name="BrotzmanTully2016">{{cite book|author1=[[Ellis R. Brotzman]]|author2=Eric J. Tully|title=Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZ7_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT77|year=2016|publisher=Baker Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4934-0475-9|page=77}}</ref> * [[Targum Onkelos]] ela [[Torah]] * [[Targum Jonathan]] ela [[Nevi'im]] Targumim tel at panemons in [[Talmud]] Babülonik as ''targum dilan'' ("Targum obik"), gegivöls olesi stitus ofikal. In sinagogs timas Talmüdik, Targum Onkelos päreadon v alternato me Torah, vöseto vöseto, e Targum Jonathan päreadon v alternato me selecting from Nevi'im (i.e., [[haftara]]), do in case of Nevi'im it päpermiton ad tradutön in units of jü vösets kil. Custom at kontinon nu in sinagogs Jüdik Yemenitik. Pla fün publik onik in sinagod, Talmud Babülonik i mentionon targum in konteks fluna studama privik: "Person should always review his portions of scripture along me community, reading scripture twice e targum once" (Berakhot 8a–b). At, i, sinifon Targum Onkelos on reidod publik Torah e Targum Jonathan on haftarot from Nevi'im.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} Penäds biblik medievik ela [[Masoretic Text]] suemiko kontänons tekati Hebreik interpolitöl, vöseto vöseto, me ''targumim''. Prat at penana binon vünöl in reidod publik Targuma e in flun ad studön priviko. In penäds at, e in [[Mikraot Gedolot|Bibels rabinik]] jü e including edisün printed telid di Venezia, Targumim päpenons or päprintons me [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation marks]]. Targumim "ofikal" tel consideredons as eastern (Mesopotamian, called "Babylonian"). Tafo, scholars believe that they, i, originated in [[Syria Palestina]] because of strong linguistic substratum of [[Jewish Palestinian Aramaic]]. Do these targumim äbinons poso "orientalised", substratum belying origins onsik remainon. Ven majority komunitas Jüdik ceased speaking Aramaic in 10th century, reidod publik Targuma, along me Torah e Haftarah, päabandonon in majority komunitas, Yemen being a well-known sexception. Flun privik studama ad review Targum never äbinon entirely relaxed, even ven komunitas Jüdik had largely ceased speaking Aramaic, e Targum never ceased to be major source for [[Jewish exegesis]]. As sam, it serves as major source in Shlomo Yitzhaki's Torah commentary, "[[Rashi]]," e has always been standard fare for [[Ashkenazi Jews]] onward. For reasons at, Jewish editions of Tanakh which include commentaries still almost always printon Targum alongside text, in all Jewish communities. Tafo, later halakhic authorities argued that flun ad privately review ''targum'' might i be met by reading a translation in current vernacular in place of official Targum, or else by studying an important commentary containing midrashic interpretation (especially that of Rashi). ``` ```txt == Targum Ketuvim == Talmud statom klülädo das no targumims ofik päkomponons sekü ats tel üze Torah e Nevi'im te, e das no dabinon targum ofik pro Ketuvim ("Penots"). Nüns Talmuda statoms:<ref>Megilah 3a</ref> {{blockquote|Targum Pentateuka päkomponon fa Onkelos proselit de mids R. Eleazar e R. Joshua. Targum Pröfetas päkomponon fa Jonathan ben Uzziel lä föd Haggai, Zechariah e Malachi,<ref>Jonathan b. Uzziel äbinom disciplan [[Hillel the Elder|Hillela]], igä älabom traditis pedönöl se ons ([[Maharsha]])</ref> e landa Yisraela [jenöfo] äsäkulon üze daläd fa jölts parasangs mul jölts parasangs, e [[Bath Kol]] (vög sula) ädageton e äklamom: "Kio binon at, kel epenom sekretis obik ad menaf?" Jonathan b. Uzziel ästanom e äsagom: "Binob ob, kel epenom sekretis olik ad menaf. Binon zeiliko konödöl olik das no edunob ati pro glür obik u pro glür doma fatas obik, ab pro glür olik edunob ati, das nedif no vagolon in Yisrael." Äsökom poso ad penön [me] targum [sinif ninik] Ketuvim, ab Bath Kol ädageton e äsagom: "Baso!" Kio äbinom kod? Bi dat Mesias peprognosekon in on.<ref>Referot可能的 dö fin [[buk Danela]].</ref>}} Döato, büks mödikums Ketuvim (moükams: Danel e Ezra-Nehemiah, kels bofik kontons dils Aramänapükik) labons targumims, kels originons suemiko se Palestinän no se Mesopotamän. Abs paükons badiko e no äbinons külsümik bi no ädabinon plad fixik in liturgia. Se Palestinän, tradit targuma pro Ketuvim ägeton lü Litaliyän, e se there lü medievik [[Ashkenaz]] e [[Sepharad]]. Targumims Salmas, Proverbs, e Job padokons suemiko as unit, so alseim targumims fol滚 rolils (Esther labon i "[[Targum Sheni|Targum Telid]]" lunikum.) Targum Chronicles binon vemo posik, ba medievik. Paatributon traditodiko ad "Rav Yosef" (sinifön: ya [[Rav Yosef]]<ref>[https://www.daat.ac.il/encyclopedia/value.asp?id1=2842 אנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת: יוסף]</ref> ya Rav [[Yosef bar Hama]]<ref name="daat">[https://www.daat.ac.il/encyclopedia/value.asp?id1=2153 אנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת: תרגום יונתן לנביאים]</ref>). (Targum pro Nevi'im panemon i ba as targum Rav Yosef.<ref name="daat" />) == Targumim votik üze Torah == Dabinons i fömils vesüdik ''targumim'' üze Torah, kels pestabon traditodiko ''Targum Yerushalmi'' ("Targum Yerusalem"), e pepenons in Aramänapük Vesüdik. Bal veütik de ats päflagom seküdotiko as "Targum Jonathan" in versionas peprintöl posikum (do valiks avtörats medievik nemons oni me nem konödik ona). Pöl äsludon in bi brefavöd: printan äinterpretom brefavödi ''TY'' (ת"י) as sinifön ''Targum Yonathan'' (תרגום יונתן) no as konödik ''Targum Yerushalmi'' (תרגום ירושלמי). Sölans nemons at ''targum'' as [[Targum Pseudo-Jonathan]]. Atributön at targum to [[Jonathan ben Uzziel]] kontraditon klülädo traditodi Talmudik (Megillah 3a), kel klülädo atrabuton targumi pro Nevi'im te ad oni, poso statölo das no dabinon targum ofik pro Ketuvim. In sam versionas peprintöl, targum smalikamotik similik pepladon konödiko as ''Targum Yerushalmi''. Targumim Vesüdik üze Torah, u Palestinian Targumim as panemons i, konsistons de kil grups penotas: [[Targum Neofiti]] I, Fragment Targums, e Cairo Geniza Fragment Targums. De ats [[Targum Neofiti]] I binon gretikum. On konsiston de 450 folios kovölo vali bükas Pentateuka, te me vöds damädiks anik. Jenotem penota starton yel 1587 ven censuran [[Andrea de Monte]] (d. 1587) älagom oni ad Ugo Boncompagni — kel jonon fägi sölidik, bi Boncompagni, kel külsümikum binom as [[Pap Gregory XIII]], ädeadom yel 1585. Vat retons mögon insted fa "Giovan Paolo Eustachio romano neophito."<ref>''Studi di biblioteconomia e storia del libro in onore di Francesco Barberi'', ed. Giorgio De Gregori, Maria Valenti – 1976 "(42) Trascrivo una supplica dell'Eustachio al Sirleto : « Giovan Paolo Eustachio romano neophito devotissimo servidor di... (44) « Die 22 mensis augusti 1602. Inventarium factum in domo illustrissimi domini Ugonis Boncompagni posita".</ref> Böfo at de Monte äcensurolo oni bi ädelekom referots mödikumis üze idolatri. Yel 1602 stat Boncompagni ägivom oni ad [[Kolleg Neophytes]], kolleg pro konvertans se Yudav e Islam, jü 1886, ven [[Holy See]] äbuyom oni ko penots votik ven Kollegium äslofom (kel binon kod pro nem penota e designation ona). Äbinon poso pepladon seküdotiko as penot Targum Onkelos jü 1949, ven [[Alejandro Díez Macho]] älogom das difon no smaliko de Targum Onkelos. Pätraduton e pepübon dü yels 1968–79, e poso pabliofon binön veütikum Palestinian Targumimas, bi binon tu lunüko pänüdikün e, ba, balidün i.<ref name="McNamara">McNamara, M. (1972) ''Targum and Testament''. Shannon, Irish University Press.</ref><ref name="Sysling">Sysling, H. (1996) [https://books.google.com/books?id=eg8kJweeplcC Tehiyyat Ha-Metim]. Tübingen, JCB Mohr.</ref> Fragment Targums (formerly panemöl Targum Yerushalmi II) konsistons de smalikamots pedeladöls ad deg penots. De ats P, V e L päpubons balidnaedo yel 1899 fa M Ginsburger, A, B, C, D, F e G yel 1930 fa P Kahle e E yel 1955 fa A Díez Macho. Penots at valik binons tu smaladils ad föfön kio geb onik äbinon, ab bidos binön utos blims bal Targuma penädik u reazils votik smalik another targum. As grup, sharedoms suemiko vüds teologik ko Targum Neofiti, kel äledön to blöf das kanons binön reazils votik that targum.<ref name="McNamara" /><ref name="Sysling" /> [[Cairo Geniza]] Fragment Targums originons se genizah Sinagoga Ben Ezra in Cairo. Labons sümis ko Fragment Targums in dat konsistons de penots smaladiliks mödik kels pejonädons in bal targum-grup. Penots A e E binons bäldikums between Palestinian Targum e padatons lü zü yel velid. Penots C, E, H e Z kontons te pasajs se Genesis, A se Exodus poso MS B kontons vödis se bofik e se Deuteronomium.<ref name="McNamara" /><ref name="Sysling" /> Komunit Samaritanan [[Samaritan Pentateuch#Translations|labon Targum lüönik oka]] ad tekst onik Torah. Targumim votik ädisebons i between Dead Sea Scrolls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/search#q='targum'|title=The Dead Sea Scrolls - Browse Manuscripts|website=www.deadseascrolls.org.il|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> == Peshitta == {{Main|Peshitta}} [[Peshitta]] binom Bib traditodik Kristänas Surigänik, kels spikons dialektis difik mödik Aramänapüka. Tradut Peshitta palelogon as finik böfo yel 300.<ref name="Williams2001">For the date of translation, see {{cite book|author=Peter J. Williams|title=Studies in the Syntax of the Peshitta of 1 Kings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXC-7dneVTkC&pg=PA2|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-11978-7|page=2}}</ref> == Logolös i == * [[Aaron ben Mordecai of Rödelheim]] == Notums == {{reflist}}Tadmor, H., 1991. "On the role of Aramaic in the Assyrian empire", in M. Mori, H. Ogawa and M. Yoshikawa (eds.), Near Eastern Studies Dedicated to H.I.H. Prince Takahito Mikasa on the Occasion of his Seventy-Fifth Birthday, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp.&nbsp;419–426 == Yüms plänik == === Traduts Linglänapükik targuma === * [[Ecclesiastes]] in ''The Song of Songs and Coheleth'', [[Christian David Ginsburg]] (1857) pages 503–519. * {{cite web|url=http://targum.info/?page_id=8|title=Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and Targum Onkelos|work=Newsletter for Targumic and Cognate Studies|first=John Wesley|last=Etheridge|date=7 September 2013|author-link=John Wesley Etheridge}} * {{cite web|url=http://targum.info/pss/ps1.htm|title=Targum Aramänapükik üze Salmats|first=Edward M|last=Cook|publisher=Targum.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211052502/http://targum.info/pss/ps1.htm|archive-date=2017-12-11|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jtreat/song/targum/|title=Targum Aramänapükik üze Song of Songs (Shir HaShirim)|first=Jay C|last=Treat|publisher=University of Pennsylvania}} * {{cite web|url=http://targum.info/meg/ruth.htm|title=Targum Aramänapükik üze Ruth|first=Samson H|last=Levey|publisher=Targum.info}} * {{cite web|url=http://targuman.org/blog/targum-ruth/targum-ruth-in-english/|title=Targum Ruth in Linglänapük|author-link=Christian M. M. Brady|first=Christian 'Chris' MM|last=Brady|date=18 June 2011|publisher=Targuman}} * {{cite web|url=http://targum.info/meg/tglam.htm|title=Targum Aramänapükik üze Lamentations|author-link=Christian M. M. Brady|first=Christian 'Chris' MM|last=Brady|publisher=Targum.info|author-mask=8}} * [http://tanakh.info Targums Aramänapükik]—Tekst Aramänapükik [http://tanakh.info/gn2-1 Targum Onkelos] e [http://tanakh.info/gn1-1 Targum Samaritanan] me tradut Linglänapükik nulik pro version valik e lüod kritik. === Fonets votik dö targum === * {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=67&letter=T|encyclopedia=The Jewish Encyclopedia|title=Targum}} * {{cite web|url=http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/|title=Leksikon Konletik Aramänapüka|publisher=HUC}}—contains critical editions of all the ''targumim'' along with lexical tools and grammatical analysis. * {{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14454b.htm|title=Targum|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]|publisher=New Advent}} * {{cite web|url=http://faur.derushah.com/articlesbyhakhamjosefaur.html#targumim|title=The Targumim and Halakha|format=article|author-link=Jose Faur|first=Jose|last=Faur|publisher=Derushah|access-date=6 August 2008|archive-date=20 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720160655/http://faur.derushah.com/articlesbyhakhamjosefaur.html#targumim|url-status=dead}}, analyzing the status of the Targumim in Jewish law * {{cite NIE|wstitle=Targum|year=1905|short=x}} * [https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0187.xml Targum] at the [https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/ Oxford Bibliographies] * [https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/8700 Michael Klein on the Targums], [https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004205215/Bej.9789004202955.i-313_020.xml Kapit Jölid] [''[[sic]]''] at Brill * [https://www.bible-researcher.com/aramaic.html Targums Aramänapükik], at the [https://www.bible-researcher.com/index.html Bible Research] {{Books of the Bible}} {{Authority control}} qvz7uwnl86oef4z26j1befa58nuwgfu 0 293856 3340421 3338794 2026-07-17T19:11:28Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revid}} {{Short description|Skic pro pük bevünetik ün 1765}} {{Pükataib |name=''Langue nouvelle'' |creator=[[Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve]] |speakers= none |ref= |created= 1765 |fam2=[[International auxiliary language]] |posteriori=konstritom se Fransänapük |agency= |iso3=none |glotto=none |ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-nouvelle] }} '''''Langue nouvelle''''' (Fransänapüko: 'pük nulik') binon skic gramatik pro pük bevünetik nümädik pigepropöl ün 1765 fa [[Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve]], konömavan Fransänik, in velid zülid vüka [[Encyclopédie|Diderot]]. Fosoy binon, das äflunom [[Volapük]]i, [[Esperanto]]i, e proyegis püka votikün 19id jölida. ==Dins püka== ===Fonetav=== Fonetav no pedescribon, pladü das "n" kanon plädon vü vokavels ad nejafön [[hiatus (linguistics)|hiatu]]. Lised tonas kanon pestabön te se samods pedätiks. Vokavels binons ''a e i o ou u''; ''donu'' 'doton' e ''donou'' 'döt' jonons disti vü ''ou'' e ''u'', fosoy {{IPAslink|u}} e {{IPAslink|y}} (äs in Fransänapük). Vokavel tempa paesta suko penon me {{angbr|é}} e suko me {{angbr|e}}, jonöl das tönät binon te rememod, das bet no binon molik, no suko märkön vokavi distik. De ''sinta'' 'tum', konlatik me "cent", binos ba vokavels näsälik, bi in Fransänapük bets: {{angbr|in}} repräsentons näsäläki {{IPAslink|ɛ}}; at binon, ''sinta'' fosoy prononoy as {{IPA|[sẽta]}} u {{IPA|[senta]}}, no *{{IPA|[sinta]}}. Konsonats pedokümöls binons: :{| |p||t||k |- |b||d||g |- |f||s||ch? |- |v||z||j |- |m||n|| |- | ||l||r |} Fosoy bino, das ''k, q, c** valiks repräsentons {{IPA|[k]}}. Vöds pedescribik te binons ''ki, qui** 'kik, kel' e ''co** 'tel', kels jonons, das ''k** e ''qu** binons leigodiks bü ''i**. Döbo, nesekid numama büiko me ''k**, ad fädön ko ''co** 'tel', jonon, das ''k** e ''c** binons i leigodiks, e das ''co** prononoy as {{IPA|[ko]}}. Nesekid ''ch** {{IPAblink|ʃ}}, i sümäd konsonatas votik in [[French phonology|Fonetav Fransänapüka]], kanon te binon sivigafäl sekü nimed smalik vödas. ===Vöbs e prons=== Vöbs peflektons te pro temp e spät: Päpresent nünödik me ''-a**, fütür ''-u**, paest (''imparfait'') ''-e (-é),** päpresent perfekt (''parfait'') ''-i,** paest perfekt ''-o.** Subjunctiv pajafon me lüükön ''-r** to nünödik: ''-ar, -ur, -er, -ir, -or**; infinitiv me lüükön ''-s**: ''-as, -us, -es, -is, -os**. Päparticip presenik binon me ''-ont**. Päpresent binon i imperativ e, me vöb ''sa** 'binön', as pasiv. Subjunctiv presenik ''-ar** kanon pagebön i pro imperativ. Kesadots pajafons me feilükön proni e vöbi, äs in Fransänapük. Persoun penon me prons: ''jo** (ob), ''to** (ol), ''lo** (om, of, on), ''no** (obs), ''vo** (ols), ''zo** (oms), e refleksif ''so** (ok). Foms posetik binons ''me, te, se, noti, voti, se**. Deminutivs, ''soli** (at) e ''sola** (ot), takons plurai ''-s** (ats, ots). Kik, vat, kel binon ''ki**. {| class="toccolours" |+ '''Sümäd konjugas''' |- | :''sas** (binön), ''sis** (ebinön), ''sus** (oabinön) :''sont** (binöf) :''jo sa** (ob binob), ''to se** (ol ebinol), ''lo si** (om/of/on ebinom), ''no so** (obs ebinobs), ''vo su** (ols obinos) :''zo sar** (ut omis binons), ''jo ser** (ut ob ebinob), ''to sir** (ol ebinol), ''lo sor** (ut om/of/on ebinom), ''no sar** (letobs binoböfs) :''jo dona** (ob donob), ''to done** (ol donol), ''lo doni** (om/of/on edon), ''no dono** (obs edonobs), ''vo donu** (ols donobs) :''zo donar** (omis donobs), ''dona!** (donol!), ''done to?** (ol donol?) :''jo sa dona** (ob padonob), ''to se dona** (ol pedonol), ''lo su dona** (om/of/on odonob) :''sa zo dona?** (oms padonobs?) ''sont dona** (padonöf) :''donont** (donöf) |} ''Sofras** 'treatedön oki' pedäton as sam vöba refleksifa; no klülon, va ''s** balid binon prefiks refleksif, äs in Fransänapük ''s'offrir**, u dil riga. Binon ye不变: ''jo sofra** (ob treat obi), ''to sofra** (ol treat oli), ds. ===Nems, prepositions, e adjektifs=== Pro nems, no eksistons kaseds, sexs, u padets. Plural finikon me ''-s,** kel, difüko de Fransänapük, prononoy. [[Augmentative]]s takons ''-le (-lé)'', [[diminutive]]s ''-li'': :''manou** hid, ''manoule (manoulé)** manor, ''manouli** kaben; :''filo** cil manik, ''filole, filoli**. Deverbals finikon me ''-ou'': :''donou** döt (''donas** dön), ''vodou** vil (''vodas** vilön), ''servou** servat (''servas** servön) Prepositions pagebons: :''bi manou** hida, ''bu manou** lü hid, ''de manou** se hid, ''po manou** trü hid Binos fosoy no dist vü adjektif e adverbal, e adjektifs no egrekon in num ko nem. ===Numals e numats=== Esl numal primon me konsonat difik, e binons in ord alfabeta: :''ba** bal, ''co** tel, ''de** kil, ''ga** fol, ''ji** lul, ''lu** mäl, ''ma** vel, ''ni** jöl, ''pa** lül, ''vu** deg, ''sinta** tum, ''mila** mil, ''milo** million Ordinals lüükons ''-mu'': ''bamu** balid, ''comu** telid. Nüms pajafons me junön numalis: Teldeg-lul binon ''covuji** (tel-deg-lul). Konsonats numalas bal jü lül pagebons as numats (pladö [[Arabic numerals]]), me o pro ser, so "25" penon {{angbr|cj}} e "100" penon {{angbr|boo}}. ==Nüns== {{reflist}} *[https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/L%E2%80%99Encyclop%C3%A9die/1re_%C3%A9dition/LANGUE_NOUVELLE#languenouvelle Langue nouvelle], penät calofik {{Constructed languages}} [[Category:Püks jaföl]] [[Category:Püks bevünetik]] [[Category:Introdüksions ün 1760ids]] [[Category:Beginnings ün 1765]] [[Category:Püks pedokümöl sis 18id jölid]] a07634gfy6e6vhjt81q57pr3g63el99 0 293861 3340422 3338806 2026-07-17T19:11:41Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revid}} {{Menataib | Motädadel = {{birth date|1703|10|16|df=y}} | Motädaplats = [[Moncontour, Côtes-d'Armor|Moncontour]] | Deadadel = {{death date and age|1781|11|10|1703|10|16|df=y}} | Deadamaplats = [[Néris-les-Bains]], Allier }} '''Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve''' (16 tobul 1703 – 10 novul 1781) äbinom konömavan Fransänik timü 18id yel. == Lifabied == Balido scolemaster in Paris ed poso {{Ill|trésorier de France|fr}} in büro di [[Châlons-en-Champagne]], Faiguet äpenom artagis anik pro ''[[Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers]]'' fa [[Denis Diderot|Diderot]], ninü ons: ''Citation'', ''Dimanche'', ''Epargne'', ''Etude'', ''Explicite'', ''Expulser'', ''Extraction des racines'', ''Fêtes des chrétiens'', ''Fidèle'', ''[[Langue nouvelle]]'', ''Maîtrises'', ''Moraves'', ''Sanctification'', ''Terres, mesure des'', e ''Usure''. Pä jafadil ''Dimanche'' (Söndig), ästeifülom gebi pöbalik söndigoftes ad dunodis publikas, bo ad givön ons dustöfi plidik e ad neodon riski nesedöfa. Faiguet sevädon id pro prosegas e poedots difik pepladöls in gased: {{lang|fr|[[Mercure de France]]}} e gaseds votik. Äjafom, pro servat militas, sölot mobila e portabik uvens, kel ''Mémoires de l’académie des sciences'' yela 1761 äyümons me hön. Äbinom i balid in Fransän, kel äjafom brödi medü kil parts balid [[gagat]], [[sorg]] e tuprat. == Publikams == *1763: ''L’Économe politique, contenant des moyens pour enrichir et perfectionner l’espèce humaine'', Paris, in-12°. Dans une des dissertations que ce traité renferme, Faiguet propose l’établissement d’une régie ou compagnie perpétuelle dans le royaume, pour recevoir les petites épargnes des artisans, des domestiques, etc. Il a reproduit plusieurs exemplaires de son ouvrage, sous le titre de 1766: ''l’Ami des Pauvres, ou l’Économe politique'', etc., 1766, in-12°; Il y a joint un ''Mémoire sur la diminution des fêtes'', imprimé avec des signes ou caractères nouveaux qui le rendent fort difficile à lire. Il pensait que l’orthographe du français devait être rapprochée de sa prononciation. (''Konömavan bolitik, kel sedon vödis ad rikükön e peperfükön menodi, Paris, in-12°. In bal discursas, kel at tratat keninükon, Faiguet propömon foundedami regie u kampania perpetik in regän, ad konletön sparatins smalik kaenamas, domanas, e so p. Äreprintedom vödemis anik voboda okik, labü titul 1766: l’Ami des Pauvres, ou l’Économe politique, etc., 1766, in-12°; Äjonükon memori dö minükam fests, pepübon me siams u karakters nulik, kelsükons oni vemo difiki ad reidon. Äthoughtom das penam Fransänapüka ägolotöv nilikü pronon okik.'') *1766: ''Mémoire pour la suppression des fêtes.'' (''Memor pro fädam fests.'') *1769: ''L’entretien de nos troupes, à la décharge de l’État.'' (''Lifagem militas olik, dünam stata.'') *1770: ''Légitimité de l’usure légale, où l’on prouve son utilité; que les casuistes sont en contradiction avec eux-mêmes. Monts de piété. Pratique injuste de la poste. Où l’on discute les passages de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament sur l’usure, etc.'' Faü J. Faiguet de Villeneuve. Amsterdam, [[Marc-Michel Rey]]. (''Ligitim feda legik, kö on prüfon utilität onik; das kasuists binons in kontradik ko omses. Monts of piety. Pratik no just of posta. Kö we discussons passages of Vödem Rigik e Nulik Testament dö usury, etc.'' Faü J. Faiguet of Villeneuve. Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey,) *1770: ''L’utile emploi des religieux et des communautés, ou Mémoire politique à l’avantage des habitants de la campagne.'' Faü J. Faiguet de Villeneuve. Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey) (''Geb useful of religios e communities, u Memor bolitik pro good of inhabitants of län.'' Faü J. Faiguet of Villeneuve. Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey) *1770: ''Mémoires politiques sur la conduite des finances et sur d’autres objets intéressans. Ouvrage où réunissant les intérêts du Roi et ceux des sujets, on propose des moyens pour fournir aux besoins de l’Etat, et pour procurer une aisance générale.'' Faü J. Faiguet de Villeneuve. Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey, 1720 [sic, pro 1770] (''Memors bolitik dö kondöt finansas e objects votik of interest. Vobod in kel, combining interests of King e those of subjects, means propömons to supply needs of State, e to procur general ease''. Faü J. Faiguet of Villeneuve. Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey, 1720 [sic, for 1770]) == Bibliograf == * [[François-Xavier de Feller]], ''Dictionnaire historique'', vol. 8, Paris, E. Houdaille, 1836, {{p.|41}}. * Noah Shusterman: ''Religion and the Politics of Time: Holidays in France from Louis XIV Through Napoleon.'' Catholic University of America Press (2010) {{ISBN|0-8132-1725-3}} {{pp.|101–111}} == Yüms plödik == * [http://data.bnf.fr/12174066/joachim_faiguet_de_villeneuve/ Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve] su [[data.bnf.fr]] * [https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Joachim_Faiguet_de_Villeneuve Faiguet de Villeneuve] lised valas 15 artagas, kel äpenom pro ''Encyclopédie'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090609061649/http://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/141 ARTFL Encyclopédie Project - Robert Morrissey, General Editor; Glenn Roe, Assoc. Editor.] * [http://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp00176088 Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve], [[Consortium of European Research Libraries]] (CERL) * [http://gw0.geneanet.org/brogilos?lang=nl&p=joachim&n=faiguet+de+villeneuve Notice biographique] su geneanet, site de généalogie {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faiguet de Villeneuve, Joachim}} [[Category:Konömavans Fransänik timü 18id yel]] [[Category:Lautans Fransänik timü 18id yel]] [[Category:Lautans Fransänik bäldik timü 18id yel]] [[Category:Keblünans al Encyclopédie (1751–1772)]] [[Category:People from Côtes-d'Armor]] [[Category:Moteds ün 1703]] [[Category:Deads ün 1781]] [[Category:Bretonans timü 18id yel]] 3k8exv1vloyjaaxohlijxkk8kvvoa64 0 293866 3340423 3338811 2026-07-17T19:11:55Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revid}} {{Short description|Lautan Belgänik (1735–1802)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Menataib | nem= François-Xavier de Feller | magod= François-Xavier Defeller, 8B6292029 (cropped).jpg | motedanem = François Feller | Motädadel = {{Birth date|df=yes|1735|8|18}} | Motädaplats = [[Brüssel]], [[Löfatanef Brabant]], [[Nedäns Lösteränik]] | Deadadel = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1802|5|23|1735|8|18}} | Deadamaplats = [[Regensburg]] ([[Fräidag Reichstad]]), [[Sänagripan Regän]] | bepladam = lautan }} '''François-Xavier de Feller''' (1735–1802) äbinom jesan [[Belgän|Belgänik]] kel pos fodam ordina okik ävom as gasediman flomik e bevünetikün, e lisedanavodavan, kel äkompendom lüdis nitedik [[Blöfimakul|Blöfimaka]] dö bolit, religion e sogäd, aino gebölo püdanemi: '''Flexier de Reval'''. == Biograf == François Feller päibidon d. 18 gustul 1735 in [[Brüssel]], kö fat omik äbinom calan guvera.<ref name="BNB_Feller">[[Émile de Borchgrave]], "Feller (François-Xavier de)", ''[[Biographie Nationale de Belgique]]'', [vol. 7 https://academieroyale.be/Academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2048.pdf] (Brüssel, 1883), pp. 3-8.</ref> Yel 1741, fat omik pävälom ad nätan fa patents lekanimela: [[Maria Theresa]].<ref name="BNB_Feller" /> Feller primiko pävükom in [[Löfatanef Luxämburga]] fa granaf matik oma, pos deadam kela yel 1752 päsendom ad skol jesanan in [[Rheims]]. In skol äjonon gudiko nitedi pro matem e füsüd, i pro lautav. Yel 1754 älonükom in noviciat jesanan in Tournai, e as testimonium plödami oka dö posan Lindäna äläükon Xavier lü nem oka. Pos finükön noviciati okik, ätidom retorike in kolags jesanan in [[Luxämburg]] e poso in [[Lüttich]]. Yel 1761 äpublikom kolleti vödas Latinik penöl fa om e studans omik, tiädü ''Musae Leodienses''.<ref name="BNB_Feller" /> Yel 1763 äprimom ad studyön teologi in Luxämburg. Yel 1764, Sojed Jesanas päfodon in Fransän e num Jesanas Fransänik äkömoms ad Nedäns, das äplödons resursas ordina there. Feller pesendom klu ad continueön studis teologik oka in [[Trnava|Tyrnau]] in [[regän Macaränäna]], spendöls yels kil there ab in tim at i travelöls in Litaliyän, Polän, Lösterän e [[Regän Bähemän|Bähemän]].<ref name="BNB_Feller" /> Yel 1771 ägedom sludis lätik oka e äreturnom lü Belgän, kö äkontinüom ad fulfün duts profesorik oka in Lüttich jü fod papal [[Sojeda Jesanas]] yel 1773.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=242}} No plu jesan, äspendom lifani lifa oka studyöle, travelöle e lautöle. Äbinom boso nümädik pro kompendam Blöfimakalüdis dö religion, bolit e sogäd, dönelom oki as "anti-filosopan".<ref>Matthijs Lok, ''Europe Against Revolution: Conservatism, Enlightenment, and the Making of the Past'' (Oxford University Press, 2023), pp. 67-99.</ref> Vöbs Feller paspassons 120 volatis. Yel 1773 äpublikom, nünamöle nemi "Flexier de Reval" (anagram de "Xavier de Feller"), vöbi okik: ''Catéchisme philosophique''; e vob principik okik ''Dictionnaire historique et littéraire'' (pepubliköl yel 1781 in Lüttich in volatis, e poso anikna repübliköl e kontinuedöl jü 1848), äkomon nemi at. Vü votiks vöbs okik veütikums binons ''Cours de morale chrétienne et de littérature religieuse'' (Paris, 1826) e ''Coup d'oeil sur le Congrès d'Ems'' (1787). ''[[Journal historique et littéraire]]'' oma äpublikon in Luxämburg se 1773 jü 1788, e in Maastricht e Lüttich se 1788 jü 1794; 62 volats tota äkomons, redaköls e in part gretik penöls fa Feller.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=242–243}} In 1780s lätik, äpenom ad stütön [[Revol Brabant]] e kontra [[Revol Fransänik]].<ref name="BNB_Feller" /> On invaz Belgäna fa Fransän yel 1794 äsököm ad refud in [[Lünabishopreän Paderborn]], kö ästayom yels tel. Poso äkömom lü [[Regensburg]], kö ädeadom d. 23 mayul 1802.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=242}} == Vöbs == [[File:Feller, François Xavier - de – Réflexions sur les 73 articles du Pro memoria presenté a la Diete de l'empire, touchant les nonciatures, de la part de l'archevêque-electeur de Cologne, 1789 – BEIC 13756894.jpg|thumb|''Réflexions sur les 73 articles du Pro Memoria, présentés à la Diète d'Empire, touchant les nonciatures de la part de l'Archevéque-Electeur de Cologne'' (Tradutod Litaliyänapükik, 1789)]] * ''Jugement d'un écrivain protestant touchant le Livre de Justinus Febronius'', Leipzig, 1770 [Luxembourg; sous le nom de Bar(d)t], ca. 56 p. * ''Entretien de Voltaire et de M. P. P., docteur de Sorbonne, sur la nécessité de la religion chrétienne et catholique par rapport au salut'', Liège, 1771, 8°, ca. 50 p. * ''Lettre sur le Dîner du comte de Boulainvilliers'', 1771, [s.l., s.d.] 20 p.&nbsp;12° * ''Observations philosophiques sur les systèmes de Newton, le mouvement de la terre et la pluralité des mondes etc. précédées d'une dissertation théologique sur les tremblements de la terre, les orages etc.'', Liège, 1771, 180 p., 12° * Flexier de Reval, ''Catéchisme philosophique'', Liège, 1773, VIII, 596 p., 8° * Flexier de Reval, ''Examen critique de l'histoire naturelle de M. de Buffon'', Héritiers Chevaliers Luxembourg, 1773, 48 p., 8° * Journal historique et littéraire, Luxembourg, Liège, 1773 - 1794, Maestricht; interdit par édit Joseph II du 26 janvier 1788 * Flexier de Reval, ''Discours sur divers sujets de religions et de morale'', Héritiers Chevalier Luxembourg, 1777, 2 vol., 470 + 465 p., 8° [also in Migne : ... orateurs sacrés LXV col. 9 à 344] * ''Dictionnaire géographique-portatif etc.'', Paris, 1778, 2 vol., [16], 544 + 563 p. * ''Examen impartial des époques de la nature de Mr. le Comte de Buffon'', Héritiers Chevalier Luxembourg, 1780, 263 p., 8° * ''Disquisitio philosophico-historico-theologica, etc.'', Héritiers Chevalier Luxembourg, 1780, 48 p., 8° * ''Dictionnaire historique'', Augsburg, vol. I (1781) XVI, 134, 574 p. + vol. II (1782) 692 p. + vol. III (1782) 747 p. + vol. IV (1783) 678 p. + vol. V (1783) 768 p. + vol. VI (1784) 752 p., 8° * ''Véritable état du différent élevé entre le Nonce apostolique de Cologne et les trois Electeurs ecclésiastiques'', Düsseldorf [Cologne], 1787, 126 p. * ''Supplément au véritable état du différent élevé entre le Nonce apostolique de Cologne et les trois Electeurs ecclésiastiques'', 1787, 25 p., 8° * ''Coup d'œil sur le Congrès d'Ems, précédé d'un second Supplément au Véritable État'', Düsseldorf, 1787, 282 p.&nbsp;8° * ''Recueil des représentations, protestations et réclamations'', 1787–1790, 17 vol. * ''Supplément au recueil : Recueil des mémoires sur le commerce des Pays-Bas autrichiens, suivi d'un recueil complet des pièces relatives à la pêche nationale'', [s.l.] 1787, 400 p., 8° * ''Lettres concernant la prescription du Journal historique et littéraire, avec quelques notes de l'éditeur'', 1788, [s.l.] 12 p., 8° * ''Réflexions sur les 73 articles du Pro Memoria, présentés à la Diète d'Empire, touchant les nonciatures de la part de l'Archevéque-Electeur de Cologne''. Regensburg [Cologne], 1788, 240 p., 8° ** {{cite book|title=Riflessioni sopra i 73 articoli della Pro-memoria presentata alla Dieta dell'Impero, sulle nunziature, da parte dell'arcivescovo elettore di Colonia. Tradotte dal francese|location=Milano|year=1789|language=it|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=13756894}} * ''Défense des réflexions sur le Pro Memoria de Cologne, suivie de l'examen du Pro Memoria de Salzbourg'', Regensburg, 1789, 130 p., 8° * ''Extrait d'une lettre de M.F.X.D.F. à M. le C.A.'' Tyrnau, 1790, 94 p., 8° * ''Itinéraire, ou voyages M. l'abbé de Feller en diverses parties de l'Europe'', Liège and Paris, 1820, 2 vol. 507 + 577 p., 8°<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VphCAAAAcAAJ Vol. 1] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=cJhCAAAAcAAJ vol. 2] on Google Books.</ref> == Nüns == {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} *{{EB1911|wstitle=Feller, François Xavier de|volume=10|pages=242–243}} {{Refend}} == Literatür votik == *''Wahre Beschaffenheit des Zwistes, welcher sich zwischen dem apostolischen Nuntius zu Kölln und den drey geistlichen Churfürsten bey Gelegenheit eines Circularschreibens an die Pfarrer ihrer Diöcesen erhoben hat: Aus dem Französischen übersetzt''. – S.l., 1788. [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-24913 digital copy] fa [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]] == Yüms plödik == * {{CathEncy|wstitle=François-Xavier de Feller}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Feller, Francois-Xavier De}} [[Category:Lautans Belgänik Fransänapükik]] [[Category:Jesans se Nedäns Lösteränik]] [[Category:Moteds ün 1735]] [[Category:Deadams ün 1802]] tpbv88v1qob49x5iniaslj4q3zvbtx4 0 295002 3340463 3340377 2026-07-18T00:46:25Z DawnyTest 33767 3340463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ragiv:Kudirka3.jpg|thumb|Vincas Kudirka]] [[Ragiv:Tautiška giesme instrumental.oga|thumb|Tautiška giesme]] '''Tautiška giesmė''' ([[Lietuvänapük]]: ''Netik Lid'') binon [[netahüm]] [[Lietuvän]]a, de 1918 jü 1940 e sis 1991. Noatädan e lautan ela Tautiška giesmė binom [[Vincas Kudirka]]<ref>[https://nationalanthems.info/lt.htm Lithuania] nathionalanthems.info [2026-07-17]</ref>. <poem> Lietuva, Tėvyne mūsų, Tu didvyrių žeme, Iš praeities Tavo sūnūs Te stiprybę semia. Tegul Tavo vaikai eina Vien takais dorybės, Tegul dirba Tavo naudai Ir žmonių gėrybei. Tegul saulė Lietuvoj Tamsumas prašalina, Ir šviesa, ir tiesa Mūs žingsnius telydi. Tegul meilė Lietuvos Dega mūsų širdyse, Vardan tos Lietuvos Vienybė težydi! </poem> == Noet == <references /> [[Klad:Netahüms]] [[Klad:Lietuvän]] 9p30zpan7fg3v2w3f6baimmjk456u0q 0 295010 3340384 2026-07-17T12:01:13Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Cambell Geddes''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yunul 18]] in [[Perth]]) binom yebahokiyan [[Laustralän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://tms.fih.ch/people/28661 {{PAGENAME}} pö el FIH] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Geddes, Cambell}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Yebahokiyans Laustralänik]] n97rgj08wwawu05ypv1ddau10x1ptsc 0 295011 3340385 2026-07-17T12:05:23Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Casper Gedsted Hansen''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[febul 4]] in [[Farsø]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Danän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[07 Vestur]] (FRO). == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/449272-casper-gedsted {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/casper-gedsted/profil/spieler/514897 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gedsted, Casper}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Danänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 5jxyb813ozvzb47t2wlgp39045cxw1l 0 295012 3340386 2026-07-17T12:09:14Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Job Geerds''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yulul 12]]) binom lelatletan [[Nedän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14868557 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Athletics] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Geerds, Job}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Lelatletans Nedänik]] 8qx3w58xqfbgobfin9gwapq65tskh2y 0 295013 3340387 2026-07-17T12:13:45Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Korbinian Geibel''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yulul 8]] in [[Starnberg]]) binom gladahokiyan [[Deutän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=238830 {{PAGENAME}} pö el HockeyDB] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.eliteprospects.com/player/382172/korbinian-geibel {{PAGENAME}} pö el Elite Prospects] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Korbinian Geibel|Korbinian Geibel}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Geibel, Korbinian}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Gladahokiyans Deutänik]] jxojhv6n7sysnhmykp6slcxnm2pcil2 0 295014 3340388 2026-07-17T12:18:22Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Gil Gelders''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[dekul 16]] in Asse) binom saikulan [[Belgän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/244513 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Pro Cycling Stats] (in Linglänapük) * [https://siteducyclisme.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=150206 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Cycling Archives] (in Fransänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Gil Gelders|Gil Gelders}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gelders, Gil}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Saikulans Belgänik]] op8zadz3bppcl7d44s40oz3sm4axlv4 0 295015 3340389 2026-07-17T12:22:49Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Joseph Paul „Joe” Gelhardt''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 4]] in [[Liverpool]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Linglän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Leeds United F.C.]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/362660-joe-gelhardt {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe560930/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Joe Gelhardt|Joe Gelhardt}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gelhardt, Joe}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Linglänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] hhiv7zpi14hlojuimmosvlg3qyfz0aa 0 295016 3340390 2026-07-17T12:28:04Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Yusuf Fehmi Genç''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 23]] in [[Ordu]]) binom vätatovan [[Türkän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbgwh/daten.php?spid=44F9B75D88F14F53A17F3FC66F0E8033 {{PAGENAME}} pö el IAT] (in Deutänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Genc, Yusuf Fehmi}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Vätatovans Türkänik]] mr65t4jhh8abcodccdv6i75h1knjlrk 0 295017 3340391 2026-07-17T14:09:14Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Angelina Anne Genford''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[tobul 30]] in [[Sydney]]) binof krikätan [[Laustralän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/angelina-genford-1282059 {{PAGENAME}} pö el ESPNcricinfo] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Angelina Genford|Angelina Genford}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Genford, Angelina}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Krikätans]] [[Klad:Krikätans Laustralänik]] 08lt8u6l227c5s1winymgkcd8da166w 0 295018 3340392 2026-07-17T14:14:19Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Wouter George''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 3]] in Leuven) binom futaglöpädan [[Belgän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Oud-Heverlee Leuven]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/434712-wouter-george {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe569019/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:George, Wouter}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Belgänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] jdds0zmrtqodbxjk8zaqeqq6mcm4qfl 0 295019 3340393 2026-07-17T14:19:24Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Lorenzo Germani''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 3]] in [[Sora]]) binom saikulan [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/242800 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Pro Cycling Stats] (in Linglänapük) * [https://siteducyclisme.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=168075 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Cycling Archives] (in Fransänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Lorenzo Germani|Lorenzo Germani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Germani, Lorenzo}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Saikulans Litaliyänik]] lxzi1ku6nn8lu5t1nuci7w47635lh53 0 295020 3340394 2026-07-17T14:25:14Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Andrei Cosmin Gheorghiță''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yulul 16]] in [[Bucureşti]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Rumän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[FC Universitatea Cluj]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/531054-andrei-gheorghita {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe1020845/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gheorghita, Andrei}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Rumänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] ho6tqvbniwkioqglxipg78bl2vyuh5k 0 295021 3340395 2026-07-17T14:29:19Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Alessio Ghinami''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yunul 11]]) binom komipan di ‚karate’ [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.wkf.net/athletes/!/ITA2507 {{PAGENAME}} pö el WKF] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Alessio Ghinami|Alessio Ghinami}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghinami, Alessio}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Komipans di karate Litaliyänik]] m3drupvr2gznddvh7vd97jpz9937rfd 0 295022 3340397 2026-07-17T14:35:58Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Alessandro Ghiretti''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yanul 18]] in [[Montauban]]) binom spotavabistiran [[Fransän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alessandro-ghiretti {{PAGENAME}} pö el Driver Database] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Alessandro Ghiretti|Alessandro Ghiretti}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghiretti, Alessandro}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Spotavabistirans Fransänik]] evw9r2sfqojtr9ad4clvvun08xlg7s3 0 295023 3340398 2026-07-17T14:39:42Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Matteo Ghisolfi''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 25]] in [[Cremona]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Litaliyän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Potenza Calcio]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/429755-matteo-ghisolfi {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.soccerway.com/player/ghisolfi-matteo/EVCQxedr/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el Soccerway] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghisolfi, Matteo}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Litaliyänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] py0wk5y3n92nfbie742iib4sv0lvtgw 0 295024 3340399 2026-07-17T14:46:07Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Gianmaria Volpato''', id sevädik as: '''Gianmaria''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[gustul 25]] in [[Vicenza]]), binom kanitan ä kanitilautan [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Labuns == * ''Mostro'' (2023) == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/10476673-gIANMARIA-3 Gianmaria pö el Discogs] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Gianmaria (singer)|Gianmaria (kanitan)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gianmaria}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Kanitans Litaliyänik]] [[Klad:Kanitilautans Litaliyänik]] cv3psmt35y9co9nf8vm2jqodz8zxi9o 0 295025 3340400 2026-07-17T14:50:35Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Tamara Giaquinto''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 29]] in [[Toronto]]) binof gladahokiyan [[Kanadän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.eliteprospects.com/player/496296/tamara-giaquinto {{PAGENAME}} pö el Elite Prospects] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.thepwhl.com/en/stats/player/271/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el PWHL] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Giaquinto, Tamara}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Gladahokiyans Kanadänik]] 9zauh21vwezd3pdnovgzncvk7bc9zf5 0 295026 3340401 2026-07-17T14:55:10Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Liam Geoffrey Gibbs''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[dekul 16]] in [[Bury St Edmunds]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Linglän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Norwich City F.C.]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/400170-liam-gibbs {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/liam-gibbs/profil/spieler/724785 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gibbs, Liam}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Linglänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] nkyofh37dy8uspxmpppxyh5qicghgq3 0 295027 3340403 2026-07-17T15:01:42Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Matteo Gigante''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yanul 4]] in [[Roma]]) binom tänitan [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/G0GD/overview {{PAGENAME}} pö el ATP] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/matteo-gigante/800418220/ita/mt/s/overview/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Tennis] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Matteo Gigante|Matteo Gigante}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gigante, Matteo}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Tänitans]] [[Klad:Tänitans Litaliyänik]] fi6ideb7g5h29zbtma96oxkzx11ywtb 0 295028 3340404 2026-07-17T15:07:16Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Armin Gigović''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 6]] in [[Lund]], [[Svedän]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Bosnän e Härzegovän|Bosnän]]ik⸗Svedänik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[BSC Young Boys]] (SUI). == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/89729/Armin_Gigovic.html {{PAGENAME}} pö el National Football Teams] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe595366/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Armin Gigović|Armin Gigović}} {{Kvip Bosnäna e Härzegoväna su Volaleköpäd ela FIFA 2026}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gigovic, Armin}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Bosnänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Svedänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 8p3aeyjpal1tu6gycrrzpcckjbpk1wy 0 295029 3340405 2026-07-17T16:59:42Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Craig Gill''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yanul 27]]) binom lelatletan [[Gibraltar]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14850297 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Athletics] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Craig}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Lelatletans Gibraltarik]] gezs7haufws9ahs0jskwp0ykdisodhl 0 295030 3340406 2026-07-17T17:06:28Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Timmy Gillion''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 16]] in [[Perpignan]]) binom saikulan [[Fransän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=180713 {{PAGENAME}} pö el FirstCycling] (in Linglänapük) * [https://siteducyclisme.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=161045 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Cycling Archives] (in Fransänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gillion, Timmy}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Saikulans Fransänik]] 6cejf245d4bhanvl3dnt8z01eb9wsij 0 295031 3340407 2026-07-17T17:08:27Z Lpoj50 41418 Ejafon padi ko: '{{Short description|Set of varieties of English language}} {{Redirect|BrE|other uses|BRE (disambiguation){{!}}BRE}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=December 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Britänapük | altname = | nativename = | states = [[Regän Pebalöl]] (süvo [[Linglän]]) | region = [[Britänik Nisuls]] | ethnicity = [[Britans]] | familycolor = Lindo-Luro...' 3340407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Set of varieties of English language}} {{Redirect|BrE|other uses|BRE (disambiguation){{!}}BRE}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=December 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Britänapük | altname = | nativename = | states = [[Regän Pebalöl]] (süvo [[Linglän]]) | region = [[Britänik Nisuls]] | ethnicity = [[Britans]] | familycolor = Lindo-Luropeänik | fam2 = [[Germänapük|Germänik]] | fam3 = [[Vesüda-Germänapük|Vesüda-Germänik]] | fam4 = [[Nolüdamelapük]] | fam5 = [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] | fam6 = [[Anglik]] | fam7 = [[Linglänapük|Linglänik]] | dia1 = [[Linglänapük in Linglän]] | dia2 = [[Skotänapük]] | dia3 = [[Velsänapük]] | dia4 = [[Ulster-Linglänapük]] | dia5 = [[Hiberno-Linglänapük]] | dia6 = [[Bermuda-Linglänapük]] | dia7 = [[Falkland-Islands-Linglänapük]] | dia8 = [[Cayman-Islands-Linglänapük]] | dia9 = [[Gibraltar-Linglänapük]] | dia10 = [[Manx-Linglänapük]] | dia11 = [[Channel-Islands-Linglänapük]] | ancestor = [[Prim-Linglänapük]] | ancestor2 = [[Vön-Linglänapük]] | ancestor3 = [[Zänod-Linglänapük]] | ancestor4 = [[Yelabik-Linglänapük]] | stand1 = [[Received Pronunciation]] | script = [[Latin]] ([[Linglänik lafab]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]] | nation = [[Lons Pölik]] (ko [[Oxford spelling]]) | isoexception = dialeg | ietf = {{wikidata|property|references|P305}} }} {{American and British English differences}} '''Britänapük'''{{efn|Dakipams: '''BrE''', '''en-GB''', e '''BE'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2020 |title=British English |publisher=Lexico.com |date= |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>}} binon set [[Vödemav (pükav)|vödemavas]] [[Linglänapük|linglänapüka]] pösodiko in [[Regän Pebalöl]], framiälo in [[Gretan Britän]].{{refn|El ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' gebon tefi at püke "spiköl u penöl in [[Britänik Nisuls]]; framiälo foms Linglänapüka kösömik in Gretan Britän", kipedöl eli "[[Lireyänapük]]" pro "Linglänapük äsä spiköl e penöl in Lireyän".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse|chapter-url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|year=1989|edition=2|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Vötikans, äs el ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', binodön oni as "[[Linglänapük in Linglän|Linglänapük äsä spiköl e penöl in Linglän]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} Plu nemediko, kanon referön patiko ad [[Linglänapük in Linglän]], u, plu vidiko, ad kobädialegs Linglänapüka da Regän Pebalöl valik äs bal vödemav levalik, bi samflumo pluüköl [[Skotänapük]], [[Velsänapük]], e [[Nolüda-Lireyänapük]]. [[Tom McArthur (pükavan)|Tom McArthur]] in el [[Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Guide to World English]] dasevon, das Britänapük dilon "valik zogädis e töbidis [ko] vöd 'Britänik' ed as sek kanon pagebön e penünön me tel mods, plu vidiko u plu nemediko, in belödil lelöpa tuumik e lügamagik". Votükams dabinons in pük calöfik (pedatik e pükölik) in Regän Pebalöl. Bum, ladyaf ''wee'' pagebon ti ai in dilis Skotäna, nolüda-Lingläna, Nolüda-Lireyäna, Lireyäna, e süvo [[Yorkshire-dialeg|Yorkshire]], medan ladyaf ''little'' binon leadik in vötiplads. Ösito, dabinon deg leigikün laidüka in penöla-Linglänapük nin Regän Pebalöl, e atos kanon papenön me tef ''Britänapük''. Foms [[Spikapük|spiköla]] Linglänapüka, ösito, varyons mödiko plu ka in zesüds votik vola kö spikon Linglänapük<ref>{{cite news|first=Stuart |last=Jeffries|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English|journal=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 March 2009|at=section G2, p.&nbsp;12}}</ref> e so leigik nünükama Britänapüka binon fikulikum ad gebön ad pük spiköla. Glöbo, länds, kels binons [[Lised ländas, kels efredikons de Regän Pebalöl|büäna-kolonias Britänik]] u limans [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], tendons fovön Britänapüki,<ref>{{cite book|title=New Oxford Style Manual|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016}}</ref> äsä binos tefü Linglänapük pageböl fa stitots [[Luropean Union]].<ref>{{cite web |title=10.3. Spelling |url=https://style-guide.europa.eu/en/content/-/isg/topic?identifier=10.3-spelling |website=Interinstitutional Style Guide |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> [[Lons Pölik]] i gebon Britänapüki ko [[Oxford spelling]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Official UN Languages |url=https://languages.un.org/en/language-and-communications/six-official-un-languages |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Language and Communications Training |publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spelling |url=https://www.un.org/dgacm/en/content/editorial-manual/spelling |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Department for General Assembly and Conference Management |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> In Tsyinän, teidüpön tefü Britänapük e Meropänapük.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Dezuruigbo Journal|title=A study of British and American English for Chinese students|last=Odinye|first=Sunny|year=2016}}</ref> Gävan Regäna Pebalöla tidon e födon Linglänapüki volü e [[British Council|stiton in plu ka 100 länds]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/british-council |title=British Council |date=19 July 2018 |access-date=21 January 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121174726/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/british-council |url-status=live |website=GOV.UK }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org// |title=Learn English Online |website=British Council |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121175722/https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org// |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/learningenglish/english/hygiene |title=About BBC Learning English |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204204233/https://www.bbc.com/learningenglish/english/hygiene |url-status=live}}</ref> == Jenotem == {{Main|Jenotem Linglänapüka}} ===Prim=== {{further|Jenotem Linglänapüka|Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Germanic|Proto-West Germanic|Proto-English|Vön-Linglänapük|Zänod-Linglänapük|Yelabik-Linglänapük|Nulik Linglänapük}} Linglänapük binon [[Vesüda-Germänapük|Vesüda-Germänik]] pük, kel siorig de [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] [[dialeg]]s päblinöl ta Britän fa [[Germänik]] kolunans de distik dils, kisi anu binon vesüda‑nolüda-Deutän e nolüda-Nedän. Danunanef dü tim at spikolo valemo [[Kobädabritonik]] – vödemav nisulik [[Kontinänik-Keltik]], kel pämüflöl fa [[Römik|Römik]] okuaden. Grup pükas at ([[Velsänapük|Velsik]], [[Kornänapük|Kornik]], e [[Kumbrik]]) dabinons bledo ko Linglänapük jü period nulik, ab sek vemo falik [[Germänapük|Germänik]] fluna, flun onsik su Linglänapük äbinon [[Lised vödas Linglänapüka kelik stabiko Keltik|notedo limitik]]. Veno deg fluna dabinon debatik, e nu päbepenon das flun gramatik de Britonik kalkulon pro nünüks veütik, kels distükons Linglänapüki de votik Vesüda-Germänapüks.<ref>[[English and Welsh]], 1955 J. R. R. Tolkien, also see references in [[Brittonicisms in English]]</ref> Balidnaedo, [[Vön-Linglänapük]] äbinon grup dialegas distik, süenüköl primis distik [[Anglo-Saxon]] reigädas Lingläna. Bal dialegas at, [[Late West Saxon]], finiko äbinon leadik. Vön-Linglänapük primik päflunon fa tel tatakobädots: balid fa spikans [[Skandinavänik]] stema Germänapüka, kels äzänons in dils Britäna in degyelas zülid e zülid; telid fa [[Normans]] in degyel 11id, kels äspikons [[Vön-Norman]] e finiko älabon Linglänapükafomi oka, pänemöl [[Anglo-Norman]] . Tels tatakobädots at äküadön Linglänapüki 'gredo' (do el no äbinon never [[Pük migik]] in sinif püka stralik; püks migik siorons de kobadabin spikanas pükas distik, kels bepenons püki hibridik pro kobadön). Vödstok püka, kel binon plu [[idomatik]], kretik, e penemik, kel sioron plu du de Anglo‑Saxon prims. Vödastok püka, kel binon plu nolavik e nensümik, kel ninädon plu [[Latin]] e [[Fransänapük|Fransänik]] flunis. Bum, ''swine'' (äs Germänik {{Lang|de|Schwein}}) binon nim in fel, päbridöl fa Anglo‑Saxons, medan ''pork'' (äs Fransänik {{Lang|fr|porc}}) binon nim on tab, pädiböl fa Normans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/HistEngoverhead.htm|title=Linguistics 201: History of English|website=Pandora Internet Web Server |access-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018113704/http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/HistEngoverhead.htm|archive-date=18 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Votik sam binon Anglo‑Saxon {{Lang|ang|cū}} sinifu 'kun', e Fransänik {{Lang|fr|bœuf}} sinifu 'böf'.<ref>{{Citation|title=Why You Swear in Anglo-Saxon and Order Fancy Food in French: Registers |first1=Tom |last1=Scott |website=YouTube |date= 14 June 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA2xRVMOThc| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/wA2xRVMOThc| archive-date=28 October 2021|language=en|access-date=18 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kobadabin ko Skandinavans äküadon plupladüki vemo düfik gramatik e brefikam vödastoka [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] staba Linglänapüka. Tatakobäd Normanik posik äküadon ad lonaböl su staba Germänik at klopa plu stabik vödas de [[Romance|Romänik]] stema Luropeänapüka. Flun Normanik at ägeton in Linglänapük levemo dub les döms e reg. Kludo, Linglänapük ävedon [[loanword|pük 'bevoböl']] lefledik vemo e ko vödastok vemo gretik. == Dialegs == {{see also|Linglänapük in Linglän|Skotänapük|Velsänapük|Nolüda-Lireyänapük|Lireyänapük|Anguillan Creole|Montserrat Creole|Bermuda-Linglänapük|Falkland-Islands-Linglänapük|Cayman-Islands-Linglänapük|Gibraltar-Linglänapük|Manx-Linglänapük|Channel-Islands-Linglänapük}} {{IPA notice}}[[Lised dialegas Linglänapüka#Lurope|Dialegs]] e [[Regional accents of English|lafons]] varyons vü fol [[läns Regäna Pebalöla]] äsi nin länds oksik. Mütets legretik pagebons traditiko as [[Linglänapük in Linglän|Linglänik Linglänapük]] (u Linglänapük äsä spiköl in Linglän (kel it pagebon vemo grupo as [[Linglänapük in Sulüda-Linglän|Sulüda-Linglänik]], [[West Country English|West Country]], [[East Midlands English|East]] e [[West Midlands English]] e [[Linglänapük in Nolüda-Linglän|Nolüda-Linglänik]]), [[Nolüda-Lireyänapük]] (in Nolüda-Lireyän), [[Velsänapük]] (no paelöl ko [[Velsänapük]]), e [[Skotänapük]] (no paelöl ko [[Skots]] u [[Skot-Galik]]). Al grup ninädon belödi dialegas, keliks sumik pö votiks distons vemo. Votik Britänik dialegs i difons in vöds, keli beplidoms de votik püks. Zü degyel 15id, ädabinons pö äns, das nin 5 leadik dialegs älabons za 500 sots ad penön vödi ''though''.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_early_modern.html|title= Early Modern English (c. 1500 – c. 1800)|website=The History of English |access-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209013306/http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_early_modern.html|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ### Vestigams Pos [[Survey of English Dialects]] (1949–1950), [[University of Leeds]] äprimon vobi su nulik proyekt. In May 2007, [[Arts and Humanities Research Council]] ägivon gäni ad University of Leeds ad studön Britänik regional dialegs.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050313183453/http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~smlsaj/ Professor Sally Johnson] biography on the [[Leeds University]] website</ref><ref name=MEO>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003092355/http://reporter.leeds.ac.uk/press_releases/current/voices.htm Mapping the English language—from cockney to Orkney], [[Leeds University]] website, 25 May 2007.</ref> Tob{{efn|name=note}} sükon da gretik koged samas vödas slängik regionalik e frasas, kels päpetävon fa 'Voices' proyekt päblinöl fa [[BBC]], in kel valem pävokon ad sedön samis Linglänapüka, kel nog spikon da län. BBC Voices proyekt i äkogedon tumis jenotemas tefü kams Britans spikons Linglänapüki – de sümils ad dins tefü pükas. Nun at i posvobon e xamön fa Professor Johnson tob, tefü ninäd e top, de kel päjonon. "Kano vetikün petuvön in Voices stud binon, das Linglänapük binon so distik äs ever, do moböf obsik pluik e laidik penunükam ad votik lafons e dialegs da TV e radion."<ref name=MEO/> Dü bespik gäna in 2007, [[University of Leeds]] äsagon: {{blockquote|das binon "vemo läbik" – e süvo, "well chuffed" – dü get gäna gretik. Üniversit, kösömiko, äkanon binön "bostin" if äbinon de [[Black Country]], u if äbinon [[Scouser]] äbinon well "made up" demi spondoolicks, bi, äs [[Geordie]] mögikon sagön, £460,000 binon "canny load of chink".<ref name=Indi-20070601>McSmith, Andy. ''Dialect researchers given a "canny load of chink" to sort "pikeys" from "chavs" in regional accents'', [[The Independent]], 1 June 2007. Page 20</ref>}} ### Linglänik regional {{Expand section|with=details about other different [[regional accents]] and [[dialects]]|talk=Shortcomings|small=no|date=April 2024}} Mödikans in Britän spikons ko lafon regionalik u dialeg. Veno, za 2% Britanas spikons ko lafon, kel pänemon [[Received Pronunciation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/|title=Received Pronunciation|access-date=20 March 2017|archive-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722181432/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (sevädik also as 'Rega Linglänapük', 'Oxford English' u '[[BBC]] English'<ref>BBC English because this was originally the form of English used on radio and television, although a wider variety of accents can be heard these days.</ref>), kel binon essenziälo top‑ne [[region]]<ref name=sweet>{{cite book |last=Sweet |first=Henry |title=The Sounds of English |page=[https://archive.org/details/soundsenglishan00sweegoog/page/n11 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/soundsenglishan00sweegoog |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 }}</ref><ref name=fowler>{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=H.W. |editor=R.W. Birchfield |title=Fowler's Modern English Usage |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 }}</ref> It derives from a mixture of Midlands and Southern dialects spoken in London in the early modern period.<ref name=fowler/> It is frequently used as a model for teaching English to foreign learners.<ref name=fowler/> In Sulüda-Lofüda, dabinons lafons vemo distik: [[Cockney]] lafon spiköl fa sumik East Londonans binon vemo distik de Received Pronunciation (RP). Cockney [[rhyming slang]] kanon (e primik ästuton) binön fikulik pro foginans ad suemön,<ref name="Franklyn1975">{{cite book|last=Franklyn|first=Julian|title=A dictionary of rhyming slang|year=1975|publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0-415-04602-5|page=9}}</ref> do deg geba onik suvo pamaifük. [[London]]ans spikons ko mig lafonas, sek etniäla, zänam, klasa, bälda, topäda, e votik fators. [[Estuary English]] ägeton prominedi in degyels pasik: labon sumik fatures RP e sumik Cockney.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crystal |first1=David |title=Language and time |website=BBC - Voices - Your Voice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/yourvoice/feature2_4.shtml}}</ref> Länenans lü Regän Pebalöl in degyels pasik äblinons mödikis plu püks lü län, e patiko lü London. Vestigams, kels äprimons in 1979 fa [[Inner London Education Authority]], äpetuvons plu ka 125 püks spiköl domiko fa famüls [[inner‑city]] skolacils.<ref>{{cite report |author=Department of Education and Science |date=Summer 1980 |title="Report by HM Inspectors on Educational Provision by the Inner London Educational Authority" |via=Education in England |url=http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hmi/1980-ilea.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119045234/http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hmi/1980-ilea.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 November 2017 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=4 |access-date=17 January 2023 |quote=A survey of all school pupils conducted by ILEA's Research and Statistics Division has established that one in ten children in inner London speak English as a second language; ILEA pupils have over 125 different mother tongues, far more than any other LEA in England and more than in New York.}}</ref> Patiko, [[Multicultural London English]] – [[sociolect]] kel sior in fin degyel 20id – pagebon ledino fa yunik, [[Working class|vob‑klasan]] pösods in [[Multiculturalism|multikultural]] dils [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urben-id.org/|title=UrBEn-ID {{!}} The UrBEn-ID project |website=urben-id.org |access-date=23 May 2016|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319181015/https://www.urben-id.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 November 2013|title=Argot bargy|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2013/11/02/argot-bargy |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 April 2021|issn=0013-0613 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Is Immigration Changing Language In the UK?|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-is-immigration-changing-language-in-the-uk/ |first1=Hannah |last1=Ewens |access-date=16 April 2021|website=Vice |date=24 February 2016 }}</ref> Sek [[internal migration]] massik ad [[Northamptonshire]] in degyel 1940s, e bi städ okik vü distik regs lafonas gretik, län at ävedon fonan otik lafonafomam. In Northampton, lafon bäldikum äflunon fa overspill de London. Dabinon lafon sevädik topiko as [[Kettering]] lafon, kel binon lafon periodik vü [[East Midlands]] e [[East Anglia]]n. Binon finik sulüdazänik lafon, kel gebon vidi 'a' in vöds äs ''bath'' u ''grass'' (d.i. {{respell|barth}} u {{respell|grarss}}). Reto, ''crass'' u ''plastic'' gebons faini 'a'. Kimik mils ad nolüda‑vesüd, in [[Leicestershire]], fain 'a' vedon plu vidik. In zif [[Corby]], {{convert|5|mi|km|0|spell=in}} ad nolüd, petuvon dialeg Corbyite, kel – no äs Kettering lafon – flunon ledino fa Vesüd‑Skotänik lafon. ## Fatures Fonologik fatures, kels binons kösömik Britänapüke, züikons lä pronun R, äsi dental plosiv T e sumik diftongis patik ad dialeg at. ### T-glottalling Äs pöövönot Cockney, in num fomas spiköla Britänapüka, {{IPA|/t/}} ävedon kösömiko pronunöl as [[glottal stop]] {{IPA|[ʔ]}} ven binon in intervokalik pos, in prozä, kel pänemon [[T-glottalisation]]. National medias, staböl in London, eglöbons glottal stop spreadön plu vidiko ka büo in vöda fins, ''not'' no plu pelilöl as "no{{IPA|[ʔ]}}" e ''bottle of water'' pelilöl as "bo{{IPA|[ʔ]}}le of wa{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er". No nog papladon len vöd‑medial positions, äs ''later''.<ref name="Trudghill56">{{cite book|last=Trudgill|first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill|title=Language in the British Isles|year=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-28409-0|pages=56–57}}</ref> Votik konsonants, kels gebons in Cockney atos, binons ''p'', äs in pa{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er, e ''k'', äs in ba{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er.<ref name="Trudghill56" /> ### R-dropping In zesüds Lingläna e Velsäna, plödü [[West Country English|West Country]] e votik nilik läns Regäna Pebalöla, konsonant R no pronunon, if no fovon fa vokal, lengükön vokali büik pladö. Atos pänemon [[Rhoticity in English|non‑rhoticity]]. In zesüds at sämik, tend dabinon ad blinön R vü vöd finöl in vokal e vöd fovöl primöl in vokal. Atos pänemon [[intrusive R]]. Kanon papladon as mig, bi vöds, kels büo äfinons in R, e vöds, kels no, no plu padifons. Atos i pöfüton fa London‑zentrik flun. Sam R‑dropping binons ''car'' e ''sugar'', kö R no pronunon. ### Diftongisation Britänik dialegs difons su deg diftongisation longa vokals, medan sulüdazänik foms vemo aton, e nolüdazänik dialegs traditiko kipedons mödikis onik. Äs jäm, Nolüda-Meropänik foms mögons sagön binön in‑between. #### Nolüd Long vokals /iː/ e /uː/ paduktons traditiko, e in plads /oː/ e /eː/ i, äs in '''go''' e '''say''' (no äs votik foms Linglänapüka, kels votons onis ad [oʊ] e [eɪ] respektiv). Sumik areas go as far as not diftongising medieval /iː/ e /uː/, which give rise to modern /aɪ/ e /aʊ/. That is, for example, in the traditional accent of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], 'out' will sound like 'oot', and in parts of Scotland and North‑West England, 'my' will be pronounced as 'me'. #### Sulüd Long vokals /iː/ e /uː/ diftongisons ad [ɪi] e [ʊu] resp (u plu teki, [ʏʉ], ko tong lifted), so '''ee''' e '''oo''' in '''feed''' e '''food''' pronunons ko bev. Diftong [oʊ] pronunon i ko bev gretum, normo [əʊ], [əʉ] u [əɨ]. ### Kobädafomams Tend ad dropön [[grammatical number]] cowäb in [[collective noun]]s binon plu fidik in Britänapük ka in Nolüda-Meropänapük.<ref name="BOD">{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118122015/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2011/09/agreement-over-collective-nouns/ |archive-date=18 November 2011 |url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2011/09/agreement-over-collective-nouns/ |publisher= [[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]] |website=OxfordWords |title=A quest for agreement over collective nouns |date=5 September 2011 |first1=Catherine |last1=Soanes }}</ref> Atos sinifadon, das paduelön onis as plural, do binons gramatik singular, ven percepted natural number prevails – patiko ven beplidons institutik nouns e grups pösodas. Noun 'police', samfumo, fädon atos: {{blockquote|'''Police are''' investigating the theft of work tools worth £500 from a van at the Sprucefield park and ride car park in Lisburn.<ref name=BBC1>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-38547391 Police are investigating the theft of work tools in Lisburn], [[BBC]], 8 January 2017.</ref>}} Sport teams kanons i paduelön: {{blockquote|Arsenal '''have''' lost just one of 20 home Premier League matches against Manchester City.<ref name=BBC2>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39396482 Arsenal 2-2 Manchester City], [[BBC]], 2 April 2017.</ref>}} Tend at kanon paxamön in texts producöl ti büo in degyel 19id. Bum, [[Jane Austen]], Britänik lautan, penon in Chapter 4 of ''[[Pride and Prejudice (novel)|Pride and Prejudice]]'', published in 1813: {{blockquote|All '''the world are''' good and agreeable in your eyes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1342/1342-h/1342-h.htm|title=Pride and Prejudice |first1=Jane |last1=Austen |website=The Project Gutenberg |access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref>}} Ösito, in Chapter 16, singular grammatical pagebon: {{blockquote|'''The world is''' blinded by his fortune and consequence.}} =Negatifs= Dialegs völik se Britänapük lenisitik gebons negativi konkordi, sevädik i as [[negatifs telik]]. Pläo votükön vodi u gebön fomi pozitik, vöds soäs ''ek'', ''no'', ''nos'' e ''neföpo'' pagebons in bal pamäda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/types-of-english-formal-informal-etc/double-negatives-and-usage|title=Double negatives and usage |website=Cambridge Dictionary }}</ref> Do atos no jenon in Standard Britänapük, jenon-li in dialegs non-standard. Negativ konkord keninükon morfemis difik tel: bal, kel stigädon negativi konkordi, e votik, kel kosädon ko punkt u värb.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Susagna |last=Tubau |title=Lexical variation and Negative Concord in Traditional Dialects of British English |journal=The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=143–177 |doi=10.1007/s10828-016-9079-4|year=2016 |s2cid=123799620 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/287774 }}</ref> ==Standard Britänapük== [[Standard Britänapük]] in Regän Pebalöl, äs in netiks votik püki Linglänapükik, päcädon vidiko in skols e fa normis sogädik pro dalaboks formalik, ab no fa cal gretik semik. So samo, dabinon-li stit nit ekovik ad [[Académie Française]] pro Fransänapük u [[Royal Spanish Academy]] pro Spanyänapük. Standard Britänapük [[Comparison of American and British English|ledifon benosekiko]] in vödas, gramat e pronuns difik de Standard [[Lamerikänapük]] e de votiks Standard püka Linglänapükik valik. [[American and British English spelling differences|Britänik e Lamerikänik penamas]] i difons in mots pülik. Pronun, u sistem pronuna, de Standard Britänapük – staböl in sulüda-vesüdäna Lingläna – sevädon plu ka sekul bal as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). Do, sekü [[language change|volut püka]] e bevobots sogädik votik, pükavans anik töboms, das RP [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|ledinit]] kodon u padomofubom fa pronun votik – kel, samabo, pükavan [[Geoff Lindsey]] nunom as 'Standard Southern British English'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsey |first=Geoff |title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today |date=2019 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 |location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Studans votik tegons, das pronuns standardik plu topik sefons in Linglän.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Plödü Linglän – nemödiko in Skotän e Nolüda-Lirelä – RP binon veitülo nenfövik, patiko in sekul 21id. RP, do lunüpo päfümod as pronun standard püka Linglänapükik valik sekü widikam [[Britänik Reig]], binon distik de pronun standard püka Linglänapükik in topads votik vola; patiko, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation|ledifon]] benosekiko de pronuns Lamerikänik standardik. In sekul 21id, vödabuks soäs [[Oxford English Dictionary]], [[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]], [[Chambers Dictionary]], e [[Collins Dictionary]] penons [[Usage (language)|geb]] veratik, no steifons ad [[Linguistic prescription|penön]] oni.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm|title=The Standardisation of English|website=courses.nus.edu.sg|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208131549/http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/Standardisation/C.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Plu, vödas e geb votons ko tim: vöds pagebons libiko de püks votik e de vöds votik Linglänapükik, e [[neologisms]] binons suenik. ===Jenotem standardizinga=== Lesäks jenotemik a-delik de stigam [[London]] in sekul zülid, fom püka pükelöl in London e in [[East Midlands]] ävedon Standard Linglänapük in Leced, e fino ävedon stab pro geb geltik in lon, reg, literat e dugäl in Britän. Standardizing Britänapüka petädon de [[Dialect levelling in Britain|plänik dialegas]] e de sens efsäta sogädik. Spikam dialega standardik äjafon distingis klada: uts, kels no äspikons Standard Linglänapüki, äkonsiderons as klada lägik u stäta sogädik lägik, e suvo pänesumons u päkonsiderons as nensünik.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Votik keblünot ad standardizing Britänapüka äbinon plagam maskina penada in Linglän in zänid sekula 15id. Du atos, William Caxton ägivom mögi ad koünikölön püki e penami kobädik in Linglän nitedo vifikumo.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/> ''[[Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language]]'' (1755) äbinon stag gretik in [[English‑language spelling reform|reform penama Linglänapükik]], in kel klinükam püka äfokon ad standardön spiki e penami.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Histengl/spelling.html|title=The History of English: Spelling and Standardization (Suzanne Kemmer)|website=ruf.rice.edu}}</ref> Finü sekul 19id, lautans Britänik äpüboms bukis mödik, kelis älülogoms as gidas gramata e geba Linglänapüka; nemödik onas ädagetons fleni gudik pro düp lunik e päbepüboms in dabükots nulik pos degyels anik. Dabinons, patiko, Fowler's ''[[Modern English Usage]]'' e ''[[The Complete Plain Words]]'' fa [[Sir Ernest Gowers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/new-edition-of-the-complete-plain-words-will-delight-fans-of-no-frills-prose-but-can-breaking-the-9219926.html|title=New edition of The Complete Plain Words will delight fans of no‑frills|website=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=27 March 2014}}</ref> Gidots stabik su mots mödik penota Britänapüka pro püb palegons in gidas stila päpübols fa dabükans difik, keninükamü gased [[The Times]], [[Oxford University Press]], e [[Cambridge University Press]]. Gidots Oxford University Press äbinons balidiko pätravols as pad balafomik fa Horace Henry Hart e äbinons, ün tim at (1893), gidas balid püka Linglänapükik. Äfägons e fino äpübons, balidnaedo as ''[[Hart's Rules]]'' e, ün 2002, as dil ''The Oxford Manual of Style''. Kobiködö in dinit e stat ko ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]'' pro püböl [[Lamerikänapük]], Oxford Manual binon gidas stabik sloböl pro püböl Britänapük, keli lautan kanom konsulön ven no dabinon gidot patik de dabükot okik.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/media_wysiwyg/University%20of%20Oxford%20Style%20Guide.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/media_wysiwyg/University%20of%20Oxford%20Style%20Guide.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[University of Oxford]] |title=Style Guide |access-date=14 June 2019 }}</ref> ==Samband ko Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth== Britänapük binon stab de, e mödiko sümik de, [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matthews |first=R. J. |title=New Zealand English: A Case Study |date=December 1982 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00525.x |journal=World Englishes |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–80 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00525.x |issn=0883-2919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth binon Linglänapük äs pükel e penöl in [[Commonwealth of Nations|netas Kobädik]], do suvo ko votükams topik. Atos keninükon Linglänapüki pükelöl in [[Australian English|Laustralän]], [[Languages of Malta#English|Malta]], [[New Zealand English|Nula-Seleän]], [[Nigerian English|Nigän]], e [[South African English|Sulüda-Frikop]]. Keninükon i [[South Asian English|Sulüda-Asyänapük]] pükelöl in Sulüda-Asyän, vöds Linglänapükik in [[Southeast Asia|Sulüda-Feasteän]], e in topads Frikopa. [[Canadian English|Kanadänapük]] stabon su Britänapük, ab labon fleni mödikumo de [[Lamerikänapük]], e tel at suvo [[North American English|palogons kobiko]] sekü zilik lons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tirban |first=N |date=2012 |title=The Major Difference between British and American English in Written and Oral Communication. |url=https://old.upm.ro/cci12/volCCI_II/Pages%20from%20Volum_texteCCI2-117.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724103127/https://old.upm.ro/cci12/volCCI_II/Pages%20from%20Volum_texteCCI2-117.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |url-status=live |journal=Communication, Context, Interdisciplinarity |issue=2012 |pages=985–990 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref> Britänapük, as sam, binon Linglänapük lölününo sulüdikuls LIndänapüke, ab Lindänapük labon vödis läüköl, e vöds Linglänapükik anik labons sinifis difik.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dash |first=Niladri Sekhar |date=2007 |title=Indian and British English: A handbook of usage and pronunciation (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/218142 |journal=Language |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=465 |doi=10.1353/lan.2007.0065 |s2cid=144960858 |issn=1535-0665|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Logolös i == {{Cols}} * [[Lamerikänapük]] * [[Laustralänapük]] * [[Britänik Malenapük]] * [[Kanadänapük]] * [[Comparison of American and British English|Kompäd Lamerikänapüka e Britänapüka]] * [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Linglänapük in Netas Kobädik]] * [[Hiberno-English]] * [[Newfoundland English|Nula-Faunlänapük]] * [[New Zealand English|Nula-Seleänapük]] * [[Sulüda-Frikopapük]] {{Colend}} == Jonots == === Nots === {{notes | refs = {{efn | name = note | In Britänapük [[collective noun|subs pats]] kanons binön bal u mödik, sekü samam. Sam fa [[Eric Partridge|Partridge]]: " 'The committee of public safety is to consider the matter', ab 'the committee of public safety quarrel regarding their next chairman' ...Sis...balatim...ven...balatim binon desinöl; mödik ven tikod mödikuma binon binilön". [[BBC News|BBC televidapols]] e gidas stila [https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/c ''The Guardian''] fovons Partridge, ab jonots votik, soäs [[BBC Online]] e gidas stila [https://web.archive.org/web/20080821181421/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/tools_and_services/specials/style_guide/article986720.ece ''The Times''], rekomendons kobidöfi stabik subs-pats e värba, kö subs-pat valima stigädon värbi pö [[Grammatical conjugation|konjug]] in bal. BBC radiopols, do, spodons su värb mödik. Partridge, Eric (1947) ''Usage and Abusage'': "Collective Nouns". Allen, John (2003) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707214856/http://www.bbctraining.com/pdfs/newsStyleGuide.pdf BBC News style guide]'', pad 31. }} }} === Ketots === {{Reflist}} === Lised bukas === * McArthur, Tom (2002). ''Oxford Guide to World English''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-866248-3}} hardback, {{ISBN|0-19-860771-7}} paperback. * Bragg, Melvyn (2004). ''The Adventure of English'', London: Sceptre. {{ISBN|0-340-82993-1}} *{{Cite book |title=English After RP: Standard British Pronunciation Today |first=Geoff |last=Lindsey |year=2019 |publisher=Springer Nature |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3030043568 }} * Peters, Pam (2004). ''The Cambridge Guide to English Usage''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-62181-X}}. * Simpson, John (ed.) (1989). ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Yüms plödik == {{commons category}} * [http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/index.html Sounds Familiar?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912081632/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/index.html |date=12 September 2016 }} – Samams pronuna e dialega topik in Regän Pebalöl su bevüresodatopäd 'Sounds Familiar' de [[Britänik Liblel]] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/BrowseCategory.aspx?category=Accents-and-dialects Pronuns e dialegs de Bevüresodatopäd Tonaka de Britänik Liblel] * [http://www.soundcomparisons.com/ Pronuns Linglänapüka de Valik Vol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429190515/http://www.soundcomparisons.com/ |date=29 April 2011 }} Lolön e leigodön, kiöpo sam vöds 110 pagebon in pronuns 50 Linglänapükik de vol – pled oka pevifik * [http://septicscompanion.com/ The Septic's Companion: A British Slang Dictionary] – vödabuk spadik Britänapükik, logovik alfanumodiko u fa klad * [http://www.britishenglish.com.tr/ British English Turkey] {{English dialects by continent}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{Portal bar|Regän Pebalöl|Pük}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Britänapük| ]] [[Category:Dialegs Linglänapükik]] [[Category:Püks Zibraltäna]] [[Category:Püks Regäna Pebalöla]] 4dk9rzqikconqab059m8o0vghvigq3q 3340424 3340407 2026-07-17T19:12:08Z Łukasz Winek 10785 3340424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revid}} {{Short description|Set of varieties of English language}} {{Redirect|BrE|other uses|BRE (disambiguation){{!}}BRE}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=December 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Britänapük | altname = | nativename = | states = [[Regän Pebalöl]] (süvo [[Linglän]]) | region = [[Britänik Nisuls]] | ethnicity = [[Britans]] | familycolor = Lindo-Luropeänik | fam2 = [[Germänapük|Germänik]] | fam3 = [[Vesüda-Germänapük|Vesüda-Germänik]] | fam4 = [[Nolüdamelapük]] | fam5 = [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] | fam6 = [[Anglik]] | fam7 = [[Linglänapük|Linglänik]] | dia1 = [[Linglänapük in Linglän]] | dia2 = [[Skotänapük]] | dia3 = [[Velsänapük]] | dia4 = [[Ulster-Linglänapük]] | dia5 = [[Hiberno-Linglänapük]] | dia6 = [[Bermuda-Linglänapük]] | dia7 = [[Falkland-Islands-Linglänapük]] | dia8 = [[Cayman-Islands-Linglänapük]] | dia9 = [[Gibraltar-Linglänapük]] | dia10 = [[Manx-Linglänapük]] | dia11 = [[Channel-Islands-Linglänapük]] | ancestor = [[Prim-Linglänapük]] | ancestor2 = [[Vön-Linglänapük]] | ancestor3 = [[Zänod-Linglänapük]] | ancestor4 = [[Yelabik-Linglänapük]] | stand1 = [[Received Pronunciation]] | script = [[Latin]] ([[Linglänik lafab]]) <br /> [[Unified English Braille]] | nation = [[Lons Pölik]] (ko [[Oxford spelling]]) | isoexception = dialeg | ietf = {{wikidata|property|references|P305}} }} {{American and British English differences}} '''Britänapük'''{{efn|Dakipams: '''BrE''', '''en-GB''', e '''BE'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020400/https://www.lexico.com/definition/british_english |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2020 |title=British English |publisher=Lexico.com |date= |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>}} binon set [[Vödemav (pükav)|vödemavas]] [[Linglänapük|linglänapüka]] pösodiko in [[Regän Pebalöl]], framiälo in [[Gretan Britän]].{{refn|El ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' gebon tefi at püke "spiköl u penöl in [[Britänik Nisuls]]; framiälo foms Linglänapüka kösömik in Gretan Britän", kipedöl eli "[[Lireyänapük]]" pro "Linglänapük äsä spiköl e penöl in Lireyän".<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0015unse|chapter-url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|year=1989|edition=2|chapter=British English; Hiberno-English}}</ref> Vötikans, äs el ''Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary'', binodön oni as "[[Linglänapük in Linglän|Linglänapük äsä spiköl e penöl in Linglän]]".<ref name="Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary">[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/american-english/british-english?q=British+English ''British English''], Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</ref>}} Plu nemediko, kanon referön patiko ad [[Linglänapük in Linglän]], u, plu vidiko, ad kobädialegs Linglänapüka da Regän Pebalöl valik äs bal vödemav levalik, bi samflumo pluüköl [[Skotänapük]], [[Velsänapük]], e [[Nolüda-Lireyänapük]]. [[Tom McArthur (pükavan)|Tom McArthur]] in el [[Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Guide to World English]] dasevon, das Britänapük dilon "valik zogädis e töbidis [ko] vöd 'Britänik' ed as sek kanon pagebön e penünön me tel mods, plu vidiko u plu nemediko, in belödil lelöpa tuumik e lügamagik". Votükams dabinons in pük calöfik (pedatik e pükölik) in Regän Pebalöl. Bum, ladyaf ''wee'' pagebon ti ai in dilis Skotäna, nolüda-Lingläna, Nolüda-Lireyäna, Lireyäna, e süvo [[Yorkshire-dialeg|Yorkshire]], medan ladyaf ''little'' binon leadik in vötiplads. Ösito, dabinon deg leigikün laidüka in penöla-Linglänapük nin Regän Pebalöl, e atos kanon papenön me tef ''Britänapük''. Foms [[Spikapük|spiköla]] Linglänapüka, ösito, varyons mödiko plu ka in zesüds votik vola kö spikon Linglänapük<ref>{{cite news|first=Stuart |last=Jeffries|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/27/regional-english-dialects|title=The G2 Guide to Regional English|journal=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 March 2009|at=section G2, p.&nbsp;12}}</ref> e so leigik nünükama Britänapüka binon fikulikum ad gebön ad pük spiköla. Glöbo, länds, kels binons [[Lised ländas, kels efredikons de Regän Pebalöl|büäna-kolonias Britänik]] u limans [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], tendons fovön Britänapüki,<ref>{{cite book|title=New Oxford Style Manual|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016}}</ref> äsä binos tefü Linglänapük pageböl fa stitots [[Luropean Union]].<ref>{{cite web |title=10.3. Spelling |url=https://style-guide.europa.eu/en/content/-/isg/topic?identifier=10.3-spelling |website=Interinstitutional Style Guide |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> [[Lons Pölik]] i gebon Britänapüki ko [[Oxford spelling]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Official UN Languages |url=https://languages.un.org/en/language-and-communications/six-official-un-languages |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Language and Communications Training |publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spelling |url=https://www.un.org/dgacm/en/content/editorial-manual/spelling |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Department for General Assembly and Conference Management |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> In Tsyinän, teidüpön tefü Britänapük e Meropänapük.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Dezuruigbo Journal|title=A study of British and American English for Chinese students|last=Odinye|first=Sunny|year=2016}}</ref> Gävan Regäna Pebalöla tidon e födon Linglänapüki volü e [[British Council|stiton in plu ka 100 länds]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/british-council |title=British Council |date=19 July 2018 |access-date=21 January 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121174726/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/british-council |url-status=live |website=GOV.UK }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org// |title=Learn English Online |website=British Council |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121175722/https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org// |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/learningenglish/english/hygiene |title=About BBC Learning English |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204204233/https://www.bbc.com/learningenglish/english/hygiene |url-status=live}}</ref> == Jenotem == {{Main|Jenotem Linglänapüka}} ===Prim=== {{further|Jenotem Linglänapüka|Proto-Indo-European|Proto-Germanic|Proto-West Germanic|Proto-English|Vön-Linglänapük|Zänod-Linglänapük|Yelabik-Linglänapük|Nulik Linglänapük}} Linglänapük binon [[Vesüda-Germänapük|Vesüda-Germänik]] pük, kel siorig de [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] [[dialeg]]s päblinöl ta Britän fa [[Germänik]] kolunans de distik dils, kisi anu binon vesüda‑nolüda-Deutän e nolüda-Nedän. Danunanef dü tim at spikolo valemo [[Kobädabritonik]] – vödemav nisulik [[Kontinänik-Keltik]], kel pämüflöl fa [[Römik|Römik]] okuaden. Grup pükas at ([[Velsänapük|Velsik]], [[Kornänapük|Kornik]], e [[Kumbrik]]) dabinons bledo ko Linglänapük jü period nulik, ab sek vemo falik [[Germänapük|Germänik]] fluna, flun onsik su Linglänapük äbinon [[Lised vödas Linglänapüka kelik stabiko Keltik|notedo limitik]]. Veno deg fluna dabinon debatik, e nu päbepenon das flun gramatik de Britonik kalkulon pro nünüks veütik, kels distükons Linglänapüki de votik Vesüda-Germänapüks.<ref>[[English and Welsh]], 1955 J. R. R. Tolkien, also see references in [[Brittonicisms in English]]</ref> Balidnaedo, [[Vön-Linglänapük]] äbinon grup dialegas distik, süenüköl primis distik [[Anglo-Saxon]] reigädas Lingläna. Bal dialegas at, [[Late West Saxon]], finiko äbinon leadik. Vön-Linglänapük primik päflunon fa tel tatakobädots: balid fa spikans [[Skandinavänik]] stema Germänapüka, kels äzänons in dils Britäna in degyelas zülid e zülid; telid fa [[Normans]] in degyel 11id, kels äspikons [[Vön-Norman]] e finiko älabon Linglänapükafomi oka, pänemöl [[Anglo-Norman]] . Tels tatakobädots at äküadön Linglänapüki 'gredo' (do el no äbinon never [[Pük migik]] in sinif püka stralik; püks migik siorons de kobadabin spikanas pükas distik, kels bepenons püki hibridik pro kobadön). Vödstok püka, kel binon plu [[idomatik]], kretik, e penemik, kel sioron plu du de Anglo‑Saxon prims. Vödastok püka, kel binon plu nolavik e nensümik, kel ninädon plu [[Latin]] e [[Fransänapük|Fransänik]] flunis. Bum, ''swine'' (äs Germänik {{Lang|de|Schwein}}) binon nim in fel, päbridöl fa Anglo‑Saxons, medan ''pork'' (äs Fransänik {{Lang|fr|porc}}) binon nim on tab, pädiböl fa Normans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/HistEngoverhead.htm|title=Linguistics 201: History of English|website=Pandora Internet Web Server |access-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018113704/http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/HistEngoverhead.htm|archive-date=18 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Votik sam binon Anglo‑Saxon {{Lang|ang|cū}} sinifu 'kun', e Fransänik {{Lang|fr|bœuf}} sinifu 'böf'.<ref>{{Citation|title=Why You Swear in Anglo-Saxon and Order Fancy Food in French: Registers |first1=Tom |last1=Scott |website=YouTube |date= 14 June 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA2xRVMOThc| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/wA2xRVMOThc| archive-date=28 October 2021|language=en|access-date=18 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kobadabin ko Skandinavans äküadon plupladüki vemo düfik gramatik e brefikam vödastoka [[Anglo-Frisian|Anglo-Frisänik]] staba Linglänapüka. Tatakobäd Normanik posik äküadon ad lonaböl su staba Germänik at klopa plu stabik vödas de [[Romance|Romänik]] stema Luropeänapüka. Flun Normanik at ägeton in Linglänapük levemo dub les döms e reg. Kludo, Linglänapük ävedon [[loanword|pük 'bevoböl']] lefledik vemo e ko vödastok vemo gretik. == Dialegs == {{see also|Linglänapük in Linglän|Skotänapük|Velsänapük|Nolüda-Lireyänapük|Lireyänapük|Anguillan Creole|Montserrat Creole|Bermuda-Linglänapük|Falkland-Islands-Linglänapük|Cayman-Islands-Linglänapük|Gibraltar-Linglänapük|Manx-Linglänapük|Channel-Islands-Linglänapük}} {{IPA notice}}[[Lised dialegas Linglänapüka#Lurope|Dialegs]] e [[Regional accents of English|lafons]] varyons vü fol [[läns Regäna Pebalöla]] äsi nin länds oksik. Mütets legretik pagebons traditiko as [[Linglänapük in Linglän|Linglänik Linglänapük]] (u Linglänapük äsä spiköl in Linglän (kel it pagebon vemo grupo as [[Linglänapük in Sulüda-Linglän|Sulüda-Linglänik]], [[West Country English|West Country]], [[East Midlands English|East]] e [[West Midlands English]] e [[Linglänapük in Nolüda-Linglän|Nolüda-Linglänik]]), [[Nolüda-Lireyänapük]] (in Nolüda-Lireyän), [[Velsänapük]] (no paelöl ko [[Velsänapük]]), e [[Skotänapük]] (no paelöl ko [[Skots]] u [[Skot-Galik]]). Al grup ninädon belödi dialegas, keliks sumik pö votiks distons vemo. Votik Britänik dialegs i difons in vöds, keli beplidoms de votik püks. Zü degyel 15id, ädabinons pö äns, das nin 5 leadik dialegs älabons za 500 sots ad penön vödi ''though''.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_early_modern.html|title= Early Modern English (c. 1500 – c. 1800)|website=The History of English |access-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209013306/http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_early_modern.html|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ### Vestigams Pos [[Survey of English Dialects]] (1949–1950), [[University of Leeds]] äprimon vobi su nulik proyekt. In May 2007, [[Arts and Humanities Research Council]] ägivon gäni ad University of Leeds ad studön Britänik regional dialegs.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050313183453/http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~smlsaj/ Professor Sally Johnson] biography on the [[Leeds University]] website</ref><ref name=MEO>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003092355/http://reporter.leeds.ac.uk/press_releases/current/voices.htm Mapping the English language—from cockney to Orkney], [[Leeds University]] website, 25 May 2007.</ref> Tob{{efn|name=note}} sükon da gretik koged samas vödas slängik regionalik e frasas, kels päpetävon fa 'Voices' proyekt päblinöl fa [[BBC]], in kel valem pävokon ad sedön samis Linglänapüka, kel nog spikon da län. BBC Voices proyekt i äkogedon tumis jenotemas tefü kams Britans spikons Linglänapüki – de sümils ad dins tefü pükas. Nun at i posvobon e xamön fa Professor Johnson tob, tefü ninäd e top, de kel päjonon. "Kano vetikün petuvön in Voices stud binon, das Linglänapük binon so distik äs ever, do moböf obsik pluik e laidik penunükam ad votik lafons e dialegs da TV e radion."<ref name=MEO/> Dü bespik gäna in 2007, [[University of Leeds]] äsagon: {{blockquote|das binon "vemo läbik" – e süvo, "well chuffed" – dü get gäna gretik. Üniversit, kösömiko, äkanon binön "bostin" if äbinon de [[Black Country]], u if äbinon [[Scouser]] äbinon well "made up" demi spondoolicks, bi, äs [[Geordie]] mögikon sagön, £460,000 binon "canny load of chink".<ref name=Indi-20070601>McSmith, Andy. ''Dialect researchers given a "canny load of chink" to sort "pikeys" from "chavs" in regional accents'', [[The Independent]], 1 June 2007. Page 20</ref>}} ### Linglänik regional {{Expand section|with=details about other different [[regional accents]] and [[dialects]]|talk=Shortcomings|small=no|date=April 2024}} Mödikans in Britän spikons ko lafon regionalik u dialeg. Veno, za 2% Britanas spikons ko lafon, kel pänemon [[Received Pronunciation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/|title=Received Pronunciation|access-date=20 March 2017|archive-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722181432/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (sevädik also as 'Rega Linglänapük', 'Oxford English' u '[[BBC]] English'<ref>BBC English because this was originally the form of English used on radio and television, although a wider variety of accents can be heard these days.</ref>), kel binon essenziälo top‑ne [[region]]<ref name=sweet>{{cite book |last=Sweet |first=Henry |title=The Sounds of English |page=[https://archive.org/details/soundsenglishan00sweegoog/page/n11 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/soundsenglishan00sweegoog |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 }}</ref><ref name=fowler>{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=H.W. |editor=R.W. Birchfield |title=Fowler's Modern English Usage |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 }}</ref> It derives from a mixture of Midlands and Southern dialects spoken in London in the early modern period.<ref name=fowler/> It is frequently used as a model for teaching English to foreign learners.<ref name=fowler/> In Sulüda-Lofüda, dabinons lafons vemo distik: [[Cockney]] lafon spiköl fa sumik East Londonans binon vemo distik de Received Pronunciation (RP). Cockney [[rhyming slang]] kanon (e primik ästuton) binön fikulik pro foginans ad suemön,<ref name="Franklyn1975">{{cite book|last=Franklyn|first=Julian|title=A dictionary of rhyming slang|year=1975|publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0-415-04602-5|page=9}}</ref> do deg geba onik suvo pamaifük. [[London]]ans spikons ko mig lafonas, sek etniäla, zänam, klasa, bälda, topäda, e votik fators. [[Estuary English]] ägeton prominedi in degyels pasik: labon sumik fatures RP e sumik Cockney.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crystal |first1=David |title=Language and time |website=BBC - Voices - Your Voice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/yourvoice/feature2_4.shtml}}</ref> Länenans lü Regän Pebalöl in degyels pasik äblinons mödikis plu püks lü län, e patiko lü London. Vestigams, kels äprimons in 1979 fa [[Inner London Education Authority]], äpetuvons plu ka 125 püks spiköl domiko fa famüls [[inner‑city]] skolacils.<ref>{{cite report |author=Department of Education and Science |date=Summer 1980 |title="Report by HM Inspectors on Educational Provision by the Inner London Educational Authority" |via=Education in England |url=http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hmi/1980-ilea.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119045234/http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hmi/1980-ilea.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 November 2017 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=4 |access-date=17 January 2023 |quote=A survey of all school pupils conducted by ILEA's Research and Statistics Division has established that one in ten children in inner London speak English as a second language; ILEA pupils have over 125 different mother tongues, far more than any other LEA in England and more than in New York.}}</ref> Patiko, [[Multicultural London English]] – [[sociolect]] kel sior in fin degyel 20id – pagebon ledino fa yunik, [[Working class|vob‑klasan]] pösods in [[Multiculturalism|multikultural]] dils [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urben-id.org/|title=UrBEn-ID {{!}} The UrBEn-ID project |website=urben-id.org |access-date=23 May 2016|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319181015/https://www.urben-id.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 November 2013|title=Argot bargy|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2013/11/02/argot-bargy |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 April 2021|issn=0013-0613 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Is Immigration Changing Language In the UK?|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-is-immigration-changing-language-in-the-uk/ |first1=Hannah |last1=Ewens |access-date=16 April 2021|website=Vice |date=24 February 2016 }}</ref> Sek [[internal migration]] massik ad [[Northamptonshire]] in degyel 1940s, e bi städ okik vü distik regs lafonas gretik, län at ävedon fonan otik lafonafomam. In Northampton, lafon bäldikum äflunon fa overspill de London. Dabinon lafon sevädik topiko as [[Kettering]] lafon, kel binon lafon periodik vü [[East Midlands]] e [[East Anglia]]n. Binon finik sulüdazänik lafon, kel gebon vidi 'a' in vöds äs ''bath'' u ''grass'' (d.i. {{respell|barth}} u {{respell|grarss}}). Reto, ''crass'' u ''plastic'' gebons faini 'a'. Kimik mils ad nolüda‑vesüd, in [[Leicestershire]], fain 'a' vedon plu vidik. In zif [[Corby]], {{convert|5|mi|km|0|spell=in}} ad nolüd, petuvon dialeg Corbyite, kel – no äs Kettering lafon – flunon ledino fa Vesüd‑Skotänik lafon. ## Fatures Fonologik fatures, kels binons kösömik Britänapüke, züikons lä pronun R, äsi dental plosiv T e sumik diftongis patik ad dialeg at. ### T-glottalling Äs pöövönot Cockney, in num fomas spiköla Britänapüka, {{IPA|/t/}} ävedon kösömiko pronunöl as [[glottal stop]] {{IPA|[ʔ]}} ven binon in intervokalik pos, in prozä, kel pänemon [[T-glottalisation]]. National medias, staböl in London, eglöbons glottal stop spreadön plu vidiko ka büo in vöda fins, ''not'' no plu pelilöl as "no{{IPA|[ʔ]}}" e ''bottle of water'' pelilöl as "bo{{IPA|[ʔ]}}le of wa{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er". No nog papladon len vöd‑medial positions, äs ''later''.<ref name="Trudghill56">{{cite book|last=Trudgill|first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill|title=Language in the British Isles|year=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-28409-0|pages=56–57}}</ref> Votik konsonants, kels gebons in Cockney atos, binons ''p'', äs in pa{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er, e ''k'', äs in ba{{IPA|[ʔ]}}er.<ref name="Trudghill56" /> ### R-dropping In zesüds Lingläna e Velsäna, plödü [[West Country English|West Country]] e votik nilik läns Regäna Pebalöla, konsonant R no pronunon, if no fovon fa vokal, lengükön vokali büik pladö. Atos pänemon [[Rhoticity in English|non‑rhoticity]]. In zesüds at sämik, tend dabinon ad blinön R vü vöd finöl in vokal e vöd fovöl primöl in vokal. Atos pänemon [[intrusive R]]. Kanon papladon as mig, bi vöds, kels büo äfinons in R, e vöds, kels no, no plu padifons. Atos i pöfüton fa London‑zentrik flun. Sam R‑dropping binons ''car'' e ''sugar'', kö R no pronunon. ### Diftongisation Britänik dialegs difons su deg diftongisation longa vokals, medan sulüdazänik foms vemo aton, e nolüdazänik dialegs traditiko kipedons mödikis onik. Äs jäm, Nolüda-Meropänik foms mögons sagön binön in‑between. #### Nolüd Long vokals /iː/ e /uː/ paduktons traditiko, e in plads /oː/ e /eː/ i, äs in '''go''' e '''say''' (no äs votik foms Linglänapüka, kels votons onis ad [oʊ] e [eɪ] respektiv). Sumik areas go as far as not diftongising medieval /iː/ e /uː/, which give rise to modern /aɪ/ e /aʊ/. That is, for example, in the traditional accent of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], 'out' will sound like 'oot', and in parts of Scotland and North‑West England, 'my' will be pronounced as 'me'. #### Sulüd Long vokals /iː/ e /uː/ diftongisons ad [ɪi] e [ʊu] resp (u plu teki, [ʏʉ], ko tong lifted), so '''ee''' e '''oo''' in '''feed''' e '''food''' pronunons ko bev. Diftong [oʊ] pronunon i ko bev gretum, normo [əʊ], [əʉ] u [əɨ]. ### Kobädafomams Tend ad dropön [[grammatical number]] cowäb in [[collective noun]]s binon plu fidik in Britänapük ka in Nolüda-Meropänapük.<ref name="BOD">{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118122015/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2011/09/agreement-over-collective-nouns/ |archive-date=18 November 2011 |url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2011/09/agreement-over-collective-nouns/ |publisher= [[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]] |website=OxfordWords |title=A quest for agreement over collective nouns |date=5 September 2011 |first1=Catherine |last1=Soanes }}</ref> Atos sinifadon, das paduelön onis as plural, do binons gramatik singular, ven percepted natural number prevails – patiko ven beplidons institutik nouns e grups pösodas. Noun 'police', samfumo, fädon atos: {{blockquote|'''Police are''' investigating the theft of work tools worth £500 from a van at the Sprucefield park and ride car park in Lisburn.<ref name=BBC1>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-38547391 Police are investigating the theft of work tools in Lisburn], [[BBC]], 8 January 2017.</ref>}} Sport teams kanons i paduelön: {{blockquote|Arsenal '''have''' lost just one of 20 home Premier League matches against Manchester City.<ref name=BBC2>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39396482 Arsenal 2-2 Manchester City], [[BBC]], 2 April 2017.</ref>}} Tend at kanon paxamön in texts producöl ti büo in degyel 19id. Bum, [[Jane Austen]], Britänik lautan, penon in Chapter 4 of ''[[Pride and Prejudice (novel)|Pride and Prejudice]]'', published in 1813: {{blockquote|All '''the world are''' good and agreeable in your eyes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1342/1342-h/1342-h.htm|title=Pride and Prejudice |first1=Jane |last1=Austen |website=The Project Gutenberg |access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref>}} Ösito, in Chapter 16, singular grammatical pagebon: {{blockquote|'''The world is''' blinded by his fortune and consequence.}} =Negatifs= Dialegs völik se Britänapük lenisitik gebons negativi konkordi, sevädik i as [[negatifs telik]]. Pläo votükön vodi u gebön fomi pozitik, vöds soäs ''ek'', ''no'', ''nos'' e ''neföpo'' pagebons in bal pamäda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/types-of-english-formal-informal-etc/double-negatives-and-usage|title=Double negatives and usage |website=Cambridge Dictionary }}</ref> Do atos no jenon in Standard Britänapük, jenon-li in dialegs non-standard. Negativ konkord keninükon morfemis difik tel: bal, kel stigädon negativi konkordi, e votik, kel kosädon ko punkt u värb.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Susagna |last=Tubau |title=Lexical variation and Negative Concord in Traditional Dialects of British English |journal=The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=143–177 |doi=10.1007/s10828-016-9079-4|year=2016 |s2cid=123799620 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/287774 }}</ref> ==Standard Britänapük== [[Standard Britänapük]] in Regän Pebalöl, äs in netiks votik püki Linglänapükik, päcädon vidiko in skols e fa normis sogädik pro dalaboks formalik, ab no fa cal gretik semik. So samo, dabinon-li stit nit ekovik ad [[Académie Française]] pro Fransänapük u [[Royal Spanish Academy]] pro Spanyänapük. Standard Britänapük [[Comparison of American and British English|ledifon benosekiko]] in vödas, gramat e pronuns difik de Standard [[Lamerikänapük]] e de votiks Standard püka Linglänapükik valik. [[American and British English spelling differences|Britänik e Lamerikänik penamas]] i difons in mots pülik. Pronun, u sistem pronuna, de Standard Britänapük – staböl in sulüda-vesüdäna Lingläna – sevädon plu ka sekul bal as [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP). Do, sekü [[language change|volut püka]] e bevobots sogädik votik, pükavans anik töboms, das RP [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|ledinit]] kodon u padomofubom fa pronun votik – kel, samabo, pükavan [[Geoff Lindsey]] nunom as 'Standard Southern British English'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsey |first=Geoff |title=English after RP: standard British pronunciation today |date=2019 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-030-04356-8 |location=Cham, Switzerland}}</ref> Studans votik tegons, das pronuns standardik plu topik sefons in Linglän.<ref>Strycharczuk, P., López-Ibáñez, M., Brown, G., & Leemann, A. (2020). "General Northern English. Exploring regional variation in the North of England with machine learning". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, 545883.</ref> Plödü Linglän – nemödiko in Skotän e Nolüda-Lirelä – RP binon veitülo nenfövik, patiko in sekul 21id. RP, do lunüpo päfümod as pronun standard püka Linglänapükik valik sekü widikam [[Britänik Reig]], binon distik de pronun standard püka Linglänapükik in topads votik vola; patiko, RP [[Comparison of General American and Received Pronunciation|ledifon]] benosekiko de pronuns Lamerikänik standardik. In sekul 21id, vödabuks soäs [[Oxford English Dictionary]], [[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]], [[Chambers Dictionary]], e [[Collins Dictionary]] penons [[Usage (language)|geb]] veratik, no steifons ad [[Linguistic prescription|penön]] oni.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg">{{cite web|url=https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/standardisation/c.htm|title=The Standardisation of English|website=courses.nus.edu.sg|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208131549/http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/Standardisation/C.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Plu, vödas e geb votons ko tim: vöds pagebons libiko de püks votik e de vöds votik Linglänapükik, e [[neologisms]] binons suenik. ===Jenotem standardizinga=== Lesäks jenotemik a-delik de stigam [[London]] in sekul zülid, fom püka pükelöl in London e in [[East Midlands]] ävedon Standard Linglänapük in Leced, e fino ävedon stab pro geb geltik in lon, reg, literat e dugäl in Britän. Standardizing Britänapüka petädon de [[Dialect levelling in Britain|plänik dialegas]] e de sens efsäta sogädik. Spikam dialega standardik äjafon distingis klada: uts, kels no äspikons Standard Linglänapüki, äkonsiderons as klada lägik u stäta sogädik lägik, e suvo pänesumons u päkonsiderons as nensünik.<ref name="courses.nus.edu.sg"/> Votik keblünot ad standardizing Britänapüka äbinon plagam maskina penada in Linglän in zänid sekula 15id. Du atos, William Caxton ägivom mögi ad koünikölön püki e penami kobädik in Linglän nitedo vifikumo.<ref name="thehistoryofenglish.com"/> ''[[Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language]]'' (1755) äbinon stag gretik in [[English‑language spelling reform|reform penama Linglänapükik]], in kel klinükam püka äfokon ad standardön spiki e penami.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Histengl/spelling.html|title=The History of English: Spelling and Standardization (Suzanne Kemmer)|website=ruf.rice.edu}}</ref> Finü sekul 19id, lautans Britänik äpüboms bukis mödik, kelis älülogoms as gidas gramata e geba Linglänapüka; nemödik onas ädagetons fleni gudik pro düp lunik e päbepüboms in dabükots nulik pos degyels anik. Dabinons, patiko, Fowler's ''[[Modern English Usage]]'' e ''[[The Complete Plain Words]]'' fa [[Sir Ernest Gowers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/new-edition-of-the-complete-plain-words-will-delight-fans-of-no-frills-prose-but-can-breaking-the-9219926.html|title=New edition of The Complete Plain Words will delight fans of no‑frills|website=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=27 March 2014}}</ref> Gidots stabik su mots mödik penota Britänapüka pro püb palegons in gidas stila päpübols fa dabükans difik, keninükamü gased [[The Times]], [[Oxford University Press]], e [[Cambridge University Press]]. Gidots Oxford University Press äbinons balidiko pätravols as pad balafomik fa Horace Henry Hart e äbinons, ün tim at (1893), gidas balid püka Linglänapükik. Äfägons e fino äpübons, balidnaedo as ''[[Hart's Rules]]'' e, ün 2002, as dil ''The Oxford Manual of Style''. Kobiködö in dinit e stat ko ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]'' pro püböl [[Lamerikänapük]], Oxford Manual binon gidas stabik sloböl pro püböl Britänapük, keli lautan kanom konsulön ven no dabinon gidot patik de dabükot okik.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/media_wysiwyg/University%20of%20Oxford%20Style%20Guide.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/media_wysiwyg/University%20of%20Oxford%20Style%20Guide.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[University of Oxford]] |title=Style Guide |access-date=14 June 2019 }}</ref> ==Samband ko Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth== Britänapük binon stab de, e mödiko sümik de, [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matthews |first=R. J. |title=New Zealand English: A Case Study |date=December 1982 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00525.x |journal=World Englishes |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–80 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00525.x |issn=0883-2919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pük Kobädik L Commonwealth binon Linglänapük äs pükel e penöl in [[Commonwealth of Nations|netas Kobädik]], do suvo ko votükams topik. Atos keninükon Linglänapüki pükelöl in [[Australian English|Laustralän]], [[Languages of Malta#English|Malta]], [[New Zealand English|Nula-Seleän]], [[Nigerian English|Nigän]], e [[South African English|Sulüda-Frikop]]. Keninükon i [[South Asian English|Sulüda-Asyänapük]] pükelöl in Sulüda-Asyän, vöds Linglänapükik in [[Southeast Asia|Sulüda-Feasteän]], e in topads Frikopa. [[Canadian English|Kanadänapük]] stabon su Britänapük, ab labon fleni mödikumo de [[Lamerikänapük]], e tel at suvo [[North American English|palogons kobiko]] sekü zilik lons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tirban |first=N |date=2012 |title=The Major Difference between British and American English in Written and Oral Communication. |url=https://old.upm.ro/cci12/volCCI_II/Pages%20from%20Volum_texteCCI2-117.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724103127/https://old.upm.ro/cci12/volCCI_II/Pages%20from%20Volum_texteCCI2-117.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |url-status=live |journal=Communication, Context, Interdisciplinarity |issue=2012 |pages=985–990 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref> Britänapük, as sam, binon Linglänapük lölününo sulüdikuls LIndänapüke, ab Lindänapük labon vödis läüköl, e vöds Linglänapükik anik labons sinifis difik.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dash |first=Niladri Sekhar |date=2007 |title=Indian and British English: A handbook of usage and pronunciation (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/218142 |journal=Language |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=465 |doi=10.1353/lan.2007.0065 |s2cid=144960858 |issn=1535-0665|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Logolös i == {{Cols}} * [[Lamerikänapük]] * [[Laustralänapük]] * [[Britänik Malenapük]] * [[Kanadänapük]] * [[Comparison of American and British English|Kompäd Lamerikänapüka e Britänapüka]] * [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Linglänapük in Netas Kobädik]] * [[Hiberno-English]] * [[Newfoundland English|Nula-Faunlänapük]] * [[New Zealand English|Nula-Seleänapük]] * [[Sulüda-Frikopapük]] {{Colend}} == Jonots == === Nots === {{notes | refs = {{efn | name = note | In Britänapük [[collective noun|subs pats]] kanons binön bal u mödik, sekü samam. Sam fa [[Eric Partridge|Partridge]]: " 'The committee of public safety is to consider the matter', ab 'the committee of public safety quarrel regarding their next chairman' ...Sis...balatim...ven...balatim binon desinöl; mödik ven tikod mödikuma binon binilön". [[BBC News|BBC televidapols]] e gidas stila [https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/c ''The Guardian''] fovons Partridge, ab jonots votik, soäs [[BBC Online]] e gidas stila [https://web.archive.org/web/20080821181421/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/tools_and_services/specials/style_guide/article986720.ece ''The Times''], rekomendons kobidöfi stabik subs-pats e värba, kö subs-pat valima stigädon värbi pö [[Grammatical conjugation|konjug]] in bal. BBC radiopols, do, spodons su värb mödik. Partridge, Eric (1947) ''Usage and Abusage'': "Collective Nouns". Allen, John (2003) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707214856/http://www.bbctraining.com/pdfs/newsStyleGuide.pdf BBC News style guide]'', pad 31. }} }} === Ketots === {{Reflist}} === Lised bukas === * McArthur, Tom (2002). ''Oxford Guide to World English''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-866248-3}} hardback, {{ISBN|0-19-860771-7}} paperback. * Bragg, Melvyn (2004). ''The Adventure of English'', London: Sceptre. {{ISBN|0-340-82993-1}} *{{Cite book |title=English After RP: Standard British Pronunciation Today |first=Geoff |last=Lindsey |year=2019 |publisher=Springer Nature |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3030043568 }} * Peters, Pam (2004). ''The Cambridge Guide to English Usage''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-62181-X}}. * Simpson, John (ed.) (1989). ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Yüms plödik == {{commons category}} * [http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/index.html Sounds Familiar?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912081632/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/index.html |date=12 September 2016 }} – Samams pronuna e dialega topik in Regän Pebalöl su bevüresodatopäd 'Sounds Familiar' de [[Britänik Liblel]] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/BrowseCategory.aspx?category=Accents-and-dialects Pronuns e dialegs de Bevüresodatopäd Tonaka de Britänik Liblel] * [http://www.soundcomparisons.com/ Pronuns Linglänapüka de Valik Vol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429190515/http://www.soundcomparisons.com/ |date=29 April 2011 }} Lolön e leigodön, kiöpo sam vöds 110 pagebon in pronuns 50 Linglänapükik de vol – pled oka pevifik * [http://septicscompanion.com/ The Septic's Companion: A British Slang Dictionary] – vödabuk spadik Britänapükik, logovik alfanumodiko u fa klad * [http://www.britishenglish.com.tr/ British English Turkey] {{English dialects by continent}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{Portal bar|Regän Pebalöl|Pük}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Britänapük| ]] [[Category:Dialegs Linglänapükik]] [[Category:Püks Zibraltäna]] [[Category:Püks Regäna Pebalöla]] 188b9fl1gsf5iu5lwgc9ffnxuqtu6o9 0 295032 3340408 2026-07-17T17:10:00Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Ashton Gillotte''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[tobul 30]] in [[Middletown (Ohio)|Middletown]], [[Ohio]]) binom el ‚American football’ pledan [[Lamerikän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GillAs00.htm {{PAGENAME}} pö el Pro Football Reference] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gillotte, Ashton}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Els American football pledans Lamerikänik]] 0ow3p4fmi06lmpww8aaj0sd88zw5i9r 0 295033 3340409 2026-07-17T17:15:02Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Aurora Giovinazzo''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 18]] in [[Roma]]) binof filmota⸗ ä televidadramatan [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4429734/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el IMDb] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1707552-aurora-giovinazzo {{PAGENAME}} pö el TMDB] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Giovinazzo, Aurora}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Dramatans Litaliyänik]] mc1xd7jv4kw8055lkt7jmimz9sv89ja 0 295034 3340410 2026-07-17T17:20:02Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Beatrice Giuliani''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[novul 27]] in [[Milano]]) binof guban [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://worldrowing.com/athlete/49003 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Rowing] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Beatrice Giuliani|Beatrice Giuliani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Giuliani, Beatrice}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Gubans Litaliyänik]] 3b8w042143yekjeje0hrx3y6ntxdwwx 0 295035 3340411 2026-07-17T17:24:32Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Sophia Elizabeth „Phia” Gladieux''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yunul 14]] in [[Oley]]) binof yebahokiyan [[Lamerikän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/153184 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) * [https://tms.fih.ch/people/31816 {{PAGENAME}} pö el FIH] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gladieux, Sophia}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Yebahokiyans Lamerikänik]] r9ttr3btth045wa71btq7f3az2ndrmt 0 295036 3340412 2026-07-17T17:29:33Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Delmar „DJ” Glaze''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[gustul 4]] in [[Charlotte (North Carolina)|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]]) binom el ‚American football’ pledan [[Lamerikän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GlazDe00.htm {{PAGENAME}} pö el Pro Football Reference] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Glaze, DJ}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Els American football pledans Lamerikänik]] 30o6wipj3hg8zhin2hridxunxp7i37g 0 295037 3340413 2026-07-17T17:35:19Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Rachel Symone Glenn''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 17]] in [[Long Beach (Kalifornän)|Long Beach]], [[Kalifornän]]) binof lelatletan [[Lamerikän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14715993 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Athletics] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/150636 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Rachel Glenn|Rachel Glenn}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Glenn, Rachel}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Lelatletans Lamerikänik]] h1gb5yw4xl3p1lyh0xs2n1g16xwwhqq 0 295038 3340414 2026-07-17T17:40:01Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Gal Glivar''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 1]] in [[Novo mesto]]) binom saikulan [[Slovenän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/239926 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Pro Cycling Stats] (in Linglänapük) * [https://siteducyclisme.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=152604 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Cycling Archives] (in Fransänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Gal Glivar|Gal Glivar}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Glivar, Gal}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Saikulans Slovenänik]] 5mstzx7yqaxivpx3lut404d1r98paz3 0 295039 3340415 2026-07-17T17:47:10Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Gloria Bash''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[dekul 25]] in [[Bukavu]] as: '''Gloria Bashige Nehema''') binof kanitan ä kanitilautan [[Kongoän (Repüblikän Demokratik)|Kongoän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://gloriabash.com/ Pad calöfik] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bash, Gloria}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Kanitans Kongoänik (Repüblikän Demokratik)]] [[Klad:Kanitilautans Kongoänik (Repüblikän Demokratik)]] 0xpjzttdcth4csm8g6gobctheuh369m 0 295040 3340416 2026-07-17T17:51:50Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Igor Gniecki''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 16]] in [[Jastrzębie-Zdrój]]) binom pledan di ‚volleyball’ [[Polän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://volleybox.net/pl/igor-gniecki-p66210 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Volleybox] (in Polänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gniecki, Igor}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Pledans di volleyball]] cfnbs5b8zq5m0clqkdc3ihouq7skkm0 0 295041 3340417 2026-07-17T17:56:13Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Tieri-Teddy Morgan Schadrac Godame''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yulul 9]] in [[Bangî]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Zänoda-Frikop]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[FC Chauray]] (FRA). == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/94504/Tieri_Godame.html {{PAGENAME}} pö el National Football Teams] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/tieri-godame/profil/spieler/1052641 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Godame, Tieri}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Zänoda-Frikopik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] oj8qiylkudim74l5aqe4jg961tqg57u 0 295042 3340418 2026-07-17T18:55:38Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Théo Golliard''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[setul 27]] in [[Riaz]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Jveizän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[FC Winterthur]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe630896/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/theo-golliard/profil/spieler/507407 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Golliard, Theo}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Jveizänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] ibx6zieke2h9steqkkxsdtlysy5b8j1 0 295043 3340419 2026-07-17T19:06:36Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''João Fernando Gomes Valério''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yulul 31]] in [[Serrita]]) binom kanitan ä kanitilautan [[Brasilän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/13432375-João-Gomes-11 João Gomes pö el Discogs] (in Linglänapük) * [https://dicionariompb.com.br/artista/joao-gomes/ João Gomes pö el Cravo Albin] (in Portugänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:João Gomes|João Gomes (kanitan)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomes, Joao}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Kanitans Brasilänik]] [[Klad:Kanitilautans Brasilänik]] 1ta1hrh2msgnd5dri0md0ehk1dwyl7m 14 295044 3340425 2026-07-17T19:40:03Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Taledavans|Lestiyan]] [[Klad:Lestiyän]] o8rorwqiisbdk4lrimh51dy6f2uto5x 14 295045 3340426 2026-07-17T19:40:42Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Taledavans|Macaran]] [[Klad:Macarän]] 3w0yiyvwvytq9en2lzq8uyxjt35xhn0 14 295046 3340427 2026-07-17T19:41:25Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Taledavans|Suomiyan]] [[Klad:Suomiyän]] 1mkc1fkpk6zpf4rd25jyz4lcobr32q0 14 295047 3340428 2026-07-17T19:42:05Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Taledavans|Tsyegan]] [[Klad:Tsyegän]] cs6ak1n2u9gq6ybsjz82xqul7u3b8ei 14 295048 3340429 2026-07-17T19:43:12Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Bahamuans]] [[Klad:Bahamuäns]] 85gtwzwkcs9vqdsxyyjtcwi5ojfw8lg 14 295049 3340430 2026-07-17T19:43:47Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Belisan]] [[Klad:Belisän]] jnuavsltrlqhiwx3u2ahwmtp6b1350g 14 295050 3340431 2026-07-17T19:44:38Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Bosnan e Harzegovan]] [[Klad:Bosnän e Härzegovän]] l406q9slsghznldzwvddanslpmqzcha 14 295051 3340432 2026-07-17T19:45:37Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Bulgaran]] [[Klad:Bulgarän]] ku822v07ac4puoq2rkvkp9hrxkdj29w 14 295052 3340433 2026-07-17T19:46:17Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Ficiyuans]] [[Klad:Ficiyuäns]] arks8nqz83bc5ddfpudrdgqkq5dmtvb 14 295053 3340434 2026-07-17T19:46:55Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Gambiyan]] [[Klad:Gambiyän]] nm4nsumdwrz8qmkbzegwkkd3hnhbv2c 14 295054 3340435 2026-07-17T19:47:42Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Kosovan]] [[Klad:Kosovän]] 7bzwyy56zn51cmn13c4kwy2m4jfy1r7 14 295055 3340436 2026-07-17T19:48:30Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Lafganistan]] [[Klad:Lafganistän]] szbaupxk4pb7d8g52zx1eei991dh5rt 14 295056 3340437 2026-07-17T19:49:13Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Landoran]] [[Klad:Landorän]] g39sg6d5rnejmtqcg22dydgbnf5qn8i 14 295057 3340438 2026-07-17T19:49:56Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Ligtanstan]] [[Klad:Ligtänstän]] 3gmbapce2kzruywp1swfzvo7ye4fud5 14 295058 3340439 2026-07-17T19:50:39Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Malaviyan]] [[Klad:Malaviyän]] ngu59qwnazghf0h9bie7n30jv3empyh 14 295059 3340440 2026-07-17T19:51:30Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Marjaluans]] [[Klad:Marjaluäns]] kmtchxsmoecga2yzyggky59y5zc6l8x 14 295060 3340441 2026-07-17T19:52:12Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Montenegran]] [[Klad:Montenegrän]] i7gth6kaw4kgey2g4fasa2hh3ptlu8i 14 295061 3340442 2026-07-17T19:52:55Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Naurean]] [[Klad:Naureän]] gm263603l17lwoqft1paeoi7yltxzdw 14 295062 3340443 2026-07-17T19:54:14Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Nipalan]] [[Klad:Nipalän]] jva7h7iisfnc5ujldc7z7d94vef1cpo 14 295063 3340444 2026-07-17T19:54:54Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Niuean]] [[Klad:Niueän]] r40lhljegueijwukac0iovo1gaydstd 14 295064 3340445 2026-07-17T19:55:41Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Noluda-Koreyan]] [[Klad:Nolüda-Koreyän]] 6otc9fdqrvs3j3xengiraz2bft31cnw 14 295065 3340446 2026-07-17T19:56:36Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Palauvuans]] [[Klad:Palauvuäns]] 0hkdwxy7v5ltxuiv3ij5uy7dzty14pu 14 295066 3340447 2026-07-17T19:57:37Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Papuvean Nula-Gineyan]] [[Klad:Papuveän Nula-Gineyän]] mopv4he1i227515pbg3hfep7b0fm05r 14 295067 3340448 2026-07-17T19:58:27Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Samovuans]] [[Klad:Samovuäns]] crioi9khil4padsmo1udn5dzewsaaz2 14 295068 3340449 2026-07-17T19:59:17Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Samovuans Lamerikanik]] [[Klad:Samovuäns Lamerikänik]] mblbsevw5fakfpxoxsm6hf6h220pm55 14 295069 3340450 2026-07-17T20:00:02Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Sieraleonan]] [[Klad:Sieraleonän]] clvipvtpwebeiguf9t4wi7qtfdb6dbt 14 295070 3340451 2026-07-17T20:00:47Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Slovenan]] [[Klad:Slovenän]] 6q0afnqkz8u6qhwcsmq9paqmdpm6lg8 14 295071 3340452 2026-07-17T20:01:35Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Tjadan]] [[Klad:Tjadän]] 4uzy72b9f4xa418mw5yyj6go94kf8d7 14 295072 3340453 2026-07-17T20:02:15Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Turkmenan]] [[Klad:Turkmenän]] mk8vztd4o5jedtsren4e1078zikftv6 14 295073 3340454 2026-07-17T20:02:59Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Tunisan]] [[Klad:Tünisän]] s98t4cltdk442p75n1434r6gukl4s78 14 295074 3340455 2026-07-17T20:03:44Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Vieta-Rusan]] [[Klad:Vieta⸗Rusän]] irtgq8m47fu4eb04sb3er3ts6ei6lkz 14 295075 3340456 2026-07-17T20:04:27Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitans|Zimbabiyan]] [[Klad:Zimbabiyän]] gim91zlp3bcqex938t1vac9nfvzkrqx 14 295076 3340457 2026-07-17T20:05:55Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitavans|Lestiyan]] [[Klad:Lestiyän]] 8212lwswf4rmbz6o3m70yofn8mom2co 14 295077 3340458 2026-07-17T20:06:32Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitavans|Linglan]] [[Klad:Linglän]] faiqcfbwdi9ck3t6zl2qq74508c4vn6 14 295078 3340459 2026-07-17T20:07:09Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitavans|Lireyan]] [[Klad:Lireyän]] sfy3vk2jbsxudnyf5dacv7t8zu2jgzj 14 295079 3340460 2026-07-17T20:07:50Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitavans|Nigeriyan]] [[Klad:Nigeriyän]] 81syxn9c5m4ytvjwtj0kai9lu8pazel 14 295080 3340461 2026-07-17T20:08:31Z Łukasz Winek 10785 klad nulik 3340461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klad:Bolitavans|Suomiyan]] [[Klad:Suomiyän]] 3oxqvbdo3a0wa3sjlt6orm5srnolocb 0 295081 3340464 2026-07-18T07:39:21Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Miguel Alejandro Gómez Ortiz''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[setul 29]] in [[Guadalajara (Mäxikän)|Guadalajara]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Mäxikän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[C.D. Guadalajara]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/miguel-gomez/profil/spieler/832308 Miguel Gómez pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe585257/ Miguel Gómez pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomez, Miguel}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Mäxikänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] bchj7k00gms2zp31kjw3x77al1w0q9c 0 295082 3340465 2026-07-18T07:44:52Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Nicksoen Gomis''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 15]] in [[Évreux]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Fransän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Toronto FC]] (CAN). == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/469928-nicksoen-gomis {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/nicksoen-gomis/profil/spieler/704499 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomis, Nicksoen}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Fransänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 78gdocg8xy537strdmwop9jlmmdvqnn 0 295083 3340466 2026-07-18T07:50:40Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''David González Ballesteros''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yunul 22]] in [[Burgos (Spanyän)|Burgos]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Spanyän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Burgos CF]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/447979-david-gonzalez {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j12376.html {{PAGENAME}} pö el BDFutbol] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gonzalez Ballesteros, David}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Spanyänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] d6gkarzv6rrpblxm8j0vx3m6landf02 0 295084 3340467 2026-07-18T07:56:02Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Geraldine Sthefany González''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 18]] in [[Bajos de Haina]]) binof pledan di ‚volleyball’ [[Sandominän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://women.volleybox.net/pl/geraldine-gonzalez-p7295 Geraldine González pö el Volleybox] (in Polänapük) * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/155815 Geraldine González pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gonzalez, Geraldine}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Pledans di volleyball]] qbn6c07551aboe5fywo9opriyyvsyoi 0 295085 3340468 2026-07-18T08:02:07Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Marina González Lara''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[dekul 15]] in [[Malgrat de Mar]]) binof turan [[Spanyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=70565 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Gymnastics] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/142420 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gonzalez, Marina}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Turans Spanyänik]] bqmg0pvih9wn1wcv1rhn3hegkptulzn 0 295086 3340469 2026-07-18T08:10:04Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Tanisha Nicole C. Gorey''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yunul 9]] in [[Oldham (Greater Manchester)|Oldham]]) binof televidadramatan [[Linglän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3728504/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el IMDb] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Tanisha Gorey|Tanisha Gorey}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gorey, Tanisha}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Dramatans Linglänik]] 03vlnxjpdyi3bu76fuuyd44nx2v88zh 0 295087 3340470 2026-07-18T11:32:58Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Mikel Goti López''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 23]] in [[Górliz]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Spanyän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Real Sociedad]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/455383-mikel-goti {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j206628.html {{PAGENAME}} pö el BDFutbol] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Mikel Goti|Mikel Goti}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goti, Mikel}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Spanyänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 4i0m9u20gad82p25xviako0ffm1resb 0 295088 3340471 2026-07-18T11:39:07Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Valentina Gottardi''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[novul 19]] in [[Modena]]) binof pledan di ‚volleyball’ sabajolik [[Litaliyän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://beach.volleybox.net/pl/valentina-gottardi-p56737 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Volleybox] (in Polänapük) * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/155272 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottardi, Valentina}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Pledans di volleyball]] 12ixxz6l02oibplq5rqzswnyjqddkf6 0 295089 3340472 2026-07-18T11:43:32Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Felix Göttlicher''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mäzul 20]] in [[Ingolstadt]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Deutän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Kickers Emden]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/435510-felix-gottlicher {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe559461/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el WorldFootball.net] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottlicher, Felix}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Deutänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] ttwy8qznding823dwtnu0hixi8xmq1s 0 295090 3340473 2026-07-18T11:47:56Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Delano Gouda''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[yanul 24]] in [['s-Gravenhage]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Nedän]]ik, kel pledom in futaglöpädaklub: [[Amsterdamsche FC]]. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/438036-delano-gouda {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/delano-gouda/profil/spieler/618040 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Transfermarkt] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gouda, Delano}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Nedänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 56yieuzqct945aqf5cxzkulyurerwjo 0 295091 3340474 2026-07-18T11:53:30Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Hiel '''Rohan Marlon Anthony Goulbourne''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[prilul 1]] in [[Brampton (Ontario)|Brampton]], [[Ontario]]) binom futaglöpädan [[Kanadän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/450948-rohan-goulbourne {{PAGENAME}} pö el FootballDatabase.eu] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.soccerway.com/player/goulbourne-rohan/4ztfYm3N/ {{PAGENAME}} pö el Soccerway] (in Linglänapük) {{Kobädikos|Category:Rohan Goulbourne|Rohan Goulbourne}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goulbourne, Rohan}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans Kanadänik]] [[Klad:Futaglöpädans lafabetik]] 5oy4w92co5suy6ikwd21lhe9dcw3u6y 0 295092 3340475 2026-07-18T11:58:18Z Łukasz Winek 10785 pad nulik 3340475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Menataib}} Jiel '''Laura Gourley''' (pämotöl tü [[2002]] [[mayul 28]] in [[Narrabri]]) binof guban [[Laustralän]]ik. == Yüms plödik == * [https://worldrowing.com/athlete/57924 {{PAGENAME}} pö el World Rowing] (in Linglänapük) * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/153645 {{PAGENAME}} pö el Olympedia] (in Linglänapük) {{DEFAULTSORT:Gourley, Laura}} [[Klad:Moteds ün 2002]] [[Klad:Gubans Laustralänik]] smma9empt5jr1h879ixqjrflkqlkl3b