Wikipedia:Ganghaan han Komunidad

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      <comment>/* Vote now in the 2026 U4C election */ bag-o nga bahin</comment>
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      <text bytes="552423" sha1="97xs896dsc2datei64iwo3x2spy7vxt" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #7bceff; border: 1px solid #00a5ff; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle; clear: both;&quot;&gt;Amo ini an Ganghaan han Komunidad.&lt;/div&gt;
__NOTOC__
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{| style=&quot;text-align:left; border:1px solid #AAA;margin-bottom:4px; margin-left:1em; width: 293px;&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#999999&quot;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
|width=&quot;100%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;gray&quot;|'''Mga Hinipos'''
|-
|width=&quot;100%&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;  bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|
&lt;small&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Ganghaan han Komunidad/Hinipos 1|01]] | [[Wikipedia:Ganghaan han Komunidad/Hinipos 2|02]] | [[Wikipedia:Ganghaan han Komunidad/Hinipos 3|03]]
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Bot policy was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Polisiya hit bot]].

Kon karuyag mo magsari o magprobar la anay, pakadto hit [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]].

==Paghiruhimangraw==
Kon karuyag niyo makighimangraw mahitungod hit Wikipedia, pakadto hiton [[Wikipedia:Harampangan|Harampangan]].

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== ESEAP Conference 2018 ==

Hello Philippine Wikipedians,

Scholarship applications for '''[[metawiki:ESEAP_Conference_2018/war|ESEAP Conference 2018]]''' is now open!

'''[[metawiki:ESEAP_Conference_2018|ESEAP Conference 2018]]''' is a regional conference for Wikimedia communities around the ESEAP regions. ESEAP stands for East, Southeast Asia, and Pacific. Taking place in Bali, Indonesia on 5-6 May 2018, this is the first regional conference for the Wikimedia communities around the regions. 

Full scholarships are subject to quotas, maximum two people per country and your country is eligible to apply, visit [[metawiki:ESEAP_Conference_2018/Attend|this page]].

We also accept [[metawiki:ESEAP_Conference_2018/Submissions|submissions]] of several formats, including:
*'''Workshop &amp; Tutorial''': these are presentations with a focus on practical work directed either to acquiring a specific skill or doing a specific task. Sessions are 55 minutes led by the presenters in a classroom space suitable for laptops and work.
*'''Posters''': A2-size format to give news, share your community event/program, set out an idea, propose a concept, or explain a problem. The poster itself must be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons with a suitable license.
*'''Short Presentation/Sharing talks''': 10-15 minutes presentation on certain topic.

Deadline for submissions and scholarship applications is on 15 March 2018.

Best regards,

[[Gumaramit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Filipinayzd|hiruhimangraw]]) 16:03, 19 Enero 2018 (UTC)

== Editing News #1—2018 ==

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Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
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== AdvancedSearch ==

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From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:54, 7 Mayo 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Mayo 2018 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Global preferences are available ==

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Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:20, 10 Hulyo 2018 (UTC)
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 Hulyo 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 Agosto 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

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[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 13:33, 6 Septyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2—2018 ==

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''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

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'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:17, 2 Nobyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 Nobyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 Nobyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 Disyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 10:13, 27 Disyembre 2018 (UTC)
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== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 Enero 2019 (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
18:55, 16 Enero 2019 (UTC)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 Pebrero 2019 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 Marso 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:56, 8 Abril 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 Abril 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 18:32, 23 Hulyo 2019 (UTC)
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== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 Agosto 2019 (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 Agosto 2019 (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 Septyembre 2019 (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 07:18, 16 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 11:12, 29 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Enero 2020 (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 Pebrero 2020 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:27, 8 Abril 2020 (UTC)
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==Help with translation==
''I apologize for posting in English ''

Dear colleagues, 

We are organizing a project called WPWP that focus on the use of images collected as part of various contest and photowalks on Wikipedia articles across all languages and our team needs your help with translations into the language of this community.

Here is the translation link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Wikipedia+Pages+Wanting+Photos&amp;language=en&amp;action=page&amp;filter=

I am sorry if I post in the won't venue. Thanks in anticipation. [[Gumaramit:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:T Cells|hiruhimangraw]]) 23:04, 12 Abril 2020 (UTC)

== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 20:33, 17 Hunyo 2020 (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; 12:55, 9 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 Hulyo 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 Agosto 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:49, 26 Agosto 2020 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 Septyembre 2020 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 Septyembre 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:23, 29 Septyembre 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 Oktubre 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:11, 21 Oktubre 2020 (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia PH Month Project - January is Month of the Visayans ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #90C0FF; background:#F0F0FF; width:99%; padding:4px&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;float: right; border: 1px solid #BBB; background: #FFFFFF;
|- style=&quot;font-size: 86%;&quot;
|}
[[File:WIKIPEDIA_PH_Month.png|right|300px]]
[[File:Major_Philippine_languages.png|thumb|250px| &lt;!--T:3--&gt; Major Philippine ethnolinguistic groups]]

Hello '''''Everyone''''',

'''[[:meta:Wikipedia Philippine Month|Wikipedia Philippine Month]]''' or simply '''Wikipedia PH Month''' is a monthly editing activity inspired by [[:meta:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]]. It aims to bridge knowledge gaps on Philippine content in Philippine language editions of Wikipedia and beyond. The participating community is not limited to the Philippines and is open to all Wikipedia editions! This activity also aims to encourage collaboration among Filipino contributors within the archipelago and in the diaspora, and create linkages among Filipino and non-Filipino contributors who support the main objective.

=== How to Participate in the Activity === 
'''As an Editor''' 
* Find the language edition of Wikipedia you would like to build on.
* Register an account if you have not done so.
* Choose articles about the Topic of the Month, but NOT from YOUR NATIVE LOCALITY, and start creating or improving articles.
* Write in the summary box the hashtag '''''#WikiPHmonth''''' before saving your work.

'''As an Organizer'''
* Set up and run the contest on a local level within your language community. (e.g. [[:bcl:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Philippine Month 2021]])
* If your local Wikipedia is already participating, ask if you can help judge articles if you are interested.
* Engage local editors and aim for maximum participation.
* Organize online and offline events for contest promotion and increase in participation.
* If you have expertise or skills in [[:en:public relations|public relations]], then you can help us get media coverage.

=== Topics ===
[[File:TribalPhilippinesTraditionalRange.png|thumb| &lt;!--T:4--&gt; Traditional homelands of the '''[[:en:indigenous peoples of the Philippines|indigenous peoples of the Philippines]]'''|alt=|250px]]
Each participating local Wikipedia community runs a monthly online edit-a-thon, which promotes the creation or improvement of the Wikipedia content about a particular group or [[:en:Ethnic groups in the Philippines|groups of people in the Philippines]] and the region they represent. 

* '''JANUARY''' - The '''[[:en:Visayans|Visayans]]''' (Region VI, Region VII, Region VIII, Romblon) are a metaethnicity race native to the whole [[:en:Visayas|Visayas]], to the southernmost islands of Luzon (MIMAROPA Region and Masbate) and the northern and eastern coastal parts of Mindanao. They are speakers of one or more Visayan languages, the most widely spoken being ''Cebuano, Hiligaynon'' and ''Waray-Waray''. They comprise the largest ethnic group in the nation. 
* '''February''' - Wiki Loves Love; Chinese New Year - [[:en:Chinese Filipino|Filipino-Chinese heritage]]  
* '''March''' - WikiGap; Women's Month - [[:en:Filipina|Filipina]]
* '''APRIL''' - The '''[[:en:Tagalogs|Tagalogs]]''' (NCR, Region IV-A, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Marinduque) are the most widespread ethnic group in the Philippines. They predominate the entirety of the [[:en:Manila|Manila]] and mainland [[:en:CALABARZON|southern Luzon regions]], with a plurality in [[:en:Central Luzon|Central Luzon]] (mainly in its southeastern portion, as well as parts of Zambales and Bataan provinces except for Pampanga and Tarlac) and coastal parts of Mindoro. The Tagalog language was chosen as an official language of the Philippines in 1935. Today, Filipino, a de facto version of Tagalog, is taught throughout the archipelago. 
* '''MAY''' - Heritage Month - '''[[:en:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines#Highland_Ethnolinguistic_Nations|Highland Ethnolinguistic Nations]]''' (Cordilleras), '''Mangyan''' (in central Mindoro island), '''Suludnon''' (in central Panay island, and '''Negritos''' (in remote areas throughout Luzon, Panay, Negros islands, and Mindanao). The ''[[:en:Igorot|Igorots/Cordillerans]]'' live in the highlands of Luzon. They are primarily located in the [[:en:Cordillera Administrative Region|Cordillera Administrative Region]], Caraballo Mountains, and Sierra Madre. ''[[:en:Mangyan|Mangyan]]'' is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found on the island of Mindoro, southwest of the island of Luzon in the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. They occupy nearly the whole of the interior of the island of Mindoro. The ''[[:en:Negrito|Negrito]]'' are several Australo-Melanesian groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia. They all live in remote areas throughout the islands in the Philippines. The ''[[:en:Suludnon|Suludnon]]'', also known as the Tumandok, Sulod, Panay-Bukidnon, or Panayanon Sulud, are an indigenous Visayan group of people who reside in the Capiz-Lambunao mountainous area and the Antique-Iloilo mountain area of central Panay in the Visayan islands of the Philippines.
* '''June''' - Filipino-Spanish Friendship Day - [[:en:Spanish Filipino|Filipino-Spanish heritage]] 
* '''JULY''' - The '''[[:en:Ilocano people|Ilocanos]]''' and minorities in '''[[:en:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines#Lowland_Ethnolinguistic_Nations|Lowland Ethnolinguistic Nations]]''' in [[:en:Cagayan Valley Region|Cagayan Valley Region]] (Region I, Region II) are predominantly Christian group who reside within the lowlands and coastal areas of [[:en:Ilocos Region|northwestern Luzon]]. Other Ilocanos are also found in Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley. The ''Ivatan'' (also spelled as Ibatan) are the predominant ethnolinguistic group in the [[:en:Batanes|Batanes]] islands of the Philippines. They have close cultural links with the Taiwanese aborigines, especially the Yami/Tao people of Orchid Island under jurisdiction of Taiwan. The ''Ibanags'' are a predominantly Christian lowland ethnic group numbering around half a million people and who primarily inhabit the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela in the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon. The ''Itawes''/Itawis/Itawit are among the earliest inhabitants of the [[:en:Cagayan Valley|Cagayan Valley]] in northern Luzon. The ''Gaddang'' number about 25,000. They are known to have inhabited the upper Cagayan Valley and the Magat valley below Aritao in Nueva Vizcaya and in [[:en:Isabela|Isabela]] since before the Spanish arrived. 
* '''AUGUST''' - Indigenous Month - '''[[:en:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines#Highland_Ethnolinguistic_Nations|Highland Ethnolinguistic Nations]]''' (Tribal Palaweño, and Lumad) and '''[[:en:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines#Lowland_Ethnolinguistic_Nations|Lowland Ethnolinguistic Nations]]''' ([[:en:Bangsamoro|Bangsamoro]]). The ''[[:en:peoples of Palawan|peoples and tribes of Palawan]]'' are a diverse group of both indigenous tribes and lowland groups that historically migrated to the island of Palawan and its outlying islands. The ''[[:en:Lumad|Lumad]]'' are the un-Islamized and un-Christianized indigenous Austronesian peoples of Mindanao. They include several ethnolinguistic nations such as the Manobo, the Tasaday, the Mamanwa, the Mandaya, the B'laan, the T'boli, and the Kalagan. They primarily inhabit the eastern parts of Mindanao such as the Caraga, and Davao Regions. The collective term ''[[:en:Moro people|Moro]]'' or Bangsamoro people refers to the, at least 13, islamicized ethnolinguistic groups of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan. The Muslim Moros originally had a few independent states such as the Maguindanao Sultanate, the Lanao Sultanates, and the Sulu Sultanate. The Sultanate of Sulu once exercised sovereignty over the present day provinces of Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, the eastern part of the Malaysian state of Sabah (formerly North Borneo) and North Kalimantan in Indonesia.
*'''SEPTEMBER''' - The '''[[:en:Bicolano people|Bikolanos]]''' and '''[[:en:Masbateño people|Masbateños]]''' (Region V) are a predominantly Roman Catholic ethnic group that originates from the Bicol Region in Southern Luzon. They are the fifth-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. ''Masbateños'' live in Masbate province of the Philippines. Masbateños may be considered Visayans by language but are Bicolanos by region.
* '''OCTOBER''' - The '''[[:en:Pangasinan people|Pangasinan]]''' and '''[[:en:Bolinao language|Bolinaos]]''' (Pangasinan) are the eighth-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. They predominate in the northwestern portion of Central Luzon (entire Pangasinan, northern Tarlac, northwestern Nueva Ecija and northern Zambales), as well as southwestern parts of La Union and Benguet. The ''Bolinao'' people live in Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan. They speak the Bolinao language or Binubolinao, which is the second most widely spoken Sambalic language in Pangasinan (after Sambal).
* '''November''' - Wikipedia Asian Month - [[:en:Asian people|Asian Heritage]] 
* '''DECEMBER''' - The '''[[:en:Kapampangan people|Kapampangans]]''' and '''[[:en:Sambal people|Sambals]]''' (Pampanga, Zambales, Tarlac) are the seventh-largest ethnic group in the Philippines. They primarily use the Kapampangan language, which is spoken by more than 1.4 million individuals. The ''Sambals'' are the inhabitants of the province of Zambales, including the independent city of Olongapo. They are also found in the municipalities of Bolinao and Anda in northwestern Pangasinan. Sambals currently make up a large proportion of the population in the Zambales municipalities of north of Iba, the provincial capital. Their language, Sambal, is related to Kapampangan.

Thank you! --[[Gumaramit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Filipinayzd|hiruhimangraw]]) 12:46, 7 Enero 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 Enero 2021 (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 08:01, 28 Enero 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 Pebrero 2021 (UTC)
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 Pebrero 2021 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 Marso 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 5 Abril 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 Abril 2021 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Earth 2021 in the Philippines ==
Please support [[Commons:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2021 in the Philippines|Wiki Loves Earth 2021 in the Philippines]] by endorsing [[Meta:Grants:Project/Rapid/Maffeth Opiana/Wiki Loves Earth 2021 in the Philippines|my proposal]]. Thank you! -[[Gumaramit:Maffeth.opiana|Maffeth.opiana]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Maffeth.opiana|hiruhimangraw]]) 16:43, 16 Abril 2021 (UTC)

== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:09, 22 Abril 2021 (UTC)
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== Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 ==

Hello there,

We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]].

Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query.

Kind regards,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]&lt;br/&gt;
Communication Manager&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Message delivered by [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 06:24, 2 Mayo 2021 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 ==

Hello there,

We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]].

Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query.

Kind regards,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]&lt;br/&gt;
Communication Manager&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Message delivered by [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 10:10, 2 Mayo 2021 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 23:06, 11 Hunyo 2021 (UTC)
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==  Improving the translation support for Waray Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}}!&lt;br&gt;
Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.&lt;br&gt;

[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation Content translation] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Boost a new initiative].
&lt;br&gt;
Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch].&lt;br&gt;
Waray Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinaurog:ContentTranslationStats more than one hundred and twenty articles]. We think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Waray Wikipedia and support new ways to translate.&lt;br&gt;

As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on Waray Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences.&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread.&lt;br&gt;
Thanks! 

[[Gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]]) 16:40, 15 Hunyo 2021 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

===Content Translation Deployed in Waray Wikipedia===
Hello everyone. 

We have enabled [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content translation]] by default on Waray Wikipedia this week. Now it is easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. We expect this will help translators to create more content of good quality in Waray Wikipedia. We’ll be monitoring [[Special:ContentTranslationStats|the statistics for Waray Wikipedia]] as well as [https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidepageedits=1&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;hideWikibase=1&amp;hidelog=1&amp;namespace=0&amp;tagfilter=contenttranslation&amp;limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;urlversion=2 the list of articles created] with the tool. 

Content translation provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality quality control mechanisms] to prevent the abuse of machine translation and the limits can be adjusted based on the needs of each community. Please, feel free to share your impressions about the content created and how the tool works for the community. This feedback is essential to improve the tool to better support your needs. 

Thanks! 

[[Gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]]) 19:59, 29 Hunyo 2021 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 04:18, 16 Hunyo 2021 (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=21597568 --&gt;

== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:14, 24 Hunyo 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 Hunyo 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 Agosto 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:20, 17 Agosto 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

10:03, 2 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:04, 11 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Gumaramit:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Dušan Kreheľ|hiruhimangraw]]) 23:46, 29 Septyembre 2021 (UTC)

== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 Oktubre 2021 (UTC)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

15:53, 5 Nobyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== My 500th edit! ==

Hi guys! Today I have made my 500th edit on your Wikipedi, all 500 are pictures of flowers that I have added! It is pleasure to do it! Regards! [[Gumaramit:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Oesjaar|hiruhimangraw]]) 08:28, 9 Nobyembre 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Oesjaar}} Damo nga Salamat. :) ''Thank you very much'' --[[Gumaramit:JinJian|JinJian]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:JinJian|hiruhimangraw]]) 08:04, 11 Nobyembre 2021 (UTC)

== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[User talk:RamzyM (WMF)|talk]]) 04:48, 27 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The '''Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections''' is now open and will close on '''7 February 2022'''. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

There are two confirmed questions that will be asked during this Call for Feedback:

# What is the best way to ensure more diverse representation among elected candidates?  ''The Board of Trustees noted the importance of selecting candidates who represent the full diversity of the Wikimedia movement. The current processes have favored volunteers from North America and Europe.''
# What are the expectations for the candidates during the election?  ''Board candidates have traditionally completed applications and answered community questions. How can an election provide appropriate insight into candidates while also appreciating candidates’ status as volunteers?''

There is one additional question that may be presented during the Call about selection processes. This question is still under discussion, but the Board wanted to give insight into the confirmed questions as soon as possible. Hopefully if an additional question is going to be asked, it will be ready during the first week of the Call for Feedback.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]'''

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:12, 11 Enero 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 Enero 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News #5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 7th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about the UCoC on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 07:14, 14 Enero 2022 (UTC)
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== Additional question to the Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

Dear ESEAP project communities,

I am reaching out to you today about an additional question to the Call for Feedback about Board of Trustees elections that I posted above. The Board has approved an additional question which we seek feedback to: 

'''How should affiliates participate in the elections?''' Affiliates are an important part of the Wikimedia movement. Two seats of the Board of Trustees due to be filled this year were filled in 2019 through the Affiliate-selected Board seats process. [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bylaws&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=123603&amp;oldid=123339 A change in the Bylaws removed the distinction between community and affiliate seats]. This leaves the important question: How should affiliates be involved in the selection of new seats? 

The Board of Trustees is seeking feedback about this last question especially, although not solely, from the affiliate community. Everyone is invited to share proposals and join the conversation in the Call for Feedback channels. In addition to collecting online feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team will organize several video calls with affiliate members to collect feedback. These calls will be at different times and include Trustees.

On behalf of the Movement Strategy and Governance team,

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:08, 22 Enero 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Best, [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 11:56, 9 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:37, 12 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)
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=== Upcoming Conversation Hours on 25 February and 4 March ===
The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on Universal Code of Conduct enforcement ratification  on '''25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC''' and '''4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC'''. 

Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up for these conversation hours''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022. For more information, contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best, [[Gumaramit:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:RamzyM (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]]) 03:29, 22 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month: We are back in 2022! ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2022.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the second edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2022|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 17 February to 17 March 2022. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that made a contribution to world culture. The most active contesters will receive [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2022/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2022|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!--[[Gumaramit:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|hiruhimangraw]]) 11:29, 18 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 04:50, 22 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:39, 28 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback is now closed}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections]] is now closed. This Call ran from 10 January and closed on 16 February 2022. The Call focused on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions#Questions|three key questions]] and received broad discussion [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Discuss Key Questions|on Meta-wiki]], during meetings with affiliates, and in various community conversations. The community and affiliates provided many proposals and discussion points. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Reports|reports]] are on Meta-wiki.

This information will be shared with the Board of Trustees and Elections Committee so they can make informed decisions about the upcoming Board of Trustees election. The Board of Trustees will then follow with an announcement after they have discussed the information.

Thank you to everyone who participated in the Call for Feedback to help improve Board election processes. 

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:39, 3 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

09:56, 7 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 00:41, 11 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 14:40, 14 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:12, 14 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Join the Community Resilience and Sustainability Conversation Hour with Maggie Dennis&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours/Office hours 2022-03-24/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours/Office hours 2022-03-24/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:IRC office hours/Office hours 2022-03-24/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The [[m:Community Resilience and Sustainability|Community Resilience and Sustainability]] team at the Wikimedia Foundation is hosting a conversation hour led by its Vice President [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]]. 

Topics within scope for this call include Movement Strategy, Board Governance, Trust and Safety, the Universal Code of Conduct, Community Development, and Human Rights. Come with your questions and feedback, and let's talk! You can also send us your questions in advance.

The meeting will be on 24 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1648134035 check your local time]).

You can [[m:IRC office hours/Office hours 2022-03-24|read details on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Looking forward to seeing you on the call,

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 13:18, 21 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:25, 25 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 14:29, 26 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Reminder to apply by 10 April 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement/Reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement/Reminder|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement/Reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]]. The purpose of the working group is to advise leadership development work. Feedback was collected in February 2022 and a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] is on Meta-wiki. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and is closing soon on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Purpose and Structure#3. How is the working group formed and structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#1. How to participate|apply if you are interested]]. 

Thank you, 

From the Community Development team&lt;br/&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 13:54, 31 Marso 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Join the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan conversations with Maryana Iskander&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:YShibata (WMF)/Sandbox|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:YShibata (WMF)/Sandbox|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:User:YShibata (WMF)/Sandbox}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Communications|Movement Communications]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] teams invite you to discuss the '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]]''', a plan of record for the Wikimedia Foundation's work.

These conversations continue [[m:User:MIskander-WMF|Maryana Iskander]]'s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer/Maryana’s Listening Tour|Wikimedia Foundation Chief Executive Officer listening tour]]. 

The conversations are about these questions:
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia 2030|2030 Wikimedia Movement Strategy]] sets a direction toward &quot;knowledge as a service&quot; and &quot;knowledge equity&quot;. The Wikimedia Foundation wants to plan according to these two goals. How do you think the Wikimedia Foundation should apply them to our work?
* The Wikimedia Foundation continues to explore better ways of working at a regional level. We have increased our regional focus in areas like grants, new features, and community conversations. What is working well? How can we improve?
* Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy process. Let's collect your activities, ideas, requests, and lessons learned. How can the Wikimedia Foundation better support the volunteers and affiliates working in Movement Strategy activities?

You can find [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft/Your Input|'''the schedule of calls on Meta-wiki''']].

The information will be available in multiple languages. Each call will be open to anyone to attend. Live interpretation will be available in some calls.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 15:54, 14 Abril 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 06:43, 16 Abril 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/April 2022 - Board of Trustees on Next steps: Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) and UCoC Enforcement Guidelines}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Affairs Committee of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees would like to thank everyone who participated in the recently concluded community vote on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC). 

The volunteer scrutinizing group has completed the review of the accuracy of the vote and has reported the total number of votes received as 2,283. Out of the 2,283 votes received, a total of 1,338 (58.6%) community members voted for the enforcement guidelines, and a total of 945 (41.4%) community members voted against it. In addition, 658 participants left comments with 77% of the comments written in English.

We recognize and appreciate the passion and commitment that community members have demonstrated in creating a safe and welcoming culture that stops hostile and toxic behavior, supports people targeted by such behavior, and encourages good faith people to be productive on the Wikimedia projects. 

Even at this incomplete stage, this is evident in the comments received. While the Enforcement Guidelines did reach a threshold of support necessary for the Board to review, we encouraged voters, regardless of which way they were voting, to provide feedback on the elements of the enforcement guidelines that they felt needed to be changed or fixed, as well as why, in case it seemed advisable to launch a further round of edits that would address community concerns. 

Foundation staff who have been reviewing comments have advised us of some of the emerging themes, and as a result we have decided as Community Affairs Committee to ask the Foundation to reconvene the drafting committee and to undertake another community engagement to refine the enforcement guidelines based on the community feedback received from the recently concluded vote. 

For clarity, this feedback has been clustered into 4 sections as follows:

# To identify the type, purpose, and applicability of the training;
# To simplify the language for easier translation and comprehension by non-experts;
# To explore the concept of affirmation, including its pros and cons;
# To review the conflicting roles of privacy/victim protection and right to be heard.

Other issues may emerge during conversations, and particularly as the draft Enforcement Guidelines evolve, but we see these as the primary areas of concern for voters and are asking staff to facilitate review of these issues. After further engagement, the Foundation should re-run the community vote to evaluate the revamped Enforcement Outline to see if the new document is then ready for its official ratification.

Further, we are aware of the concerns with the note 3.1 in the Universal Code of Conduct Policy. We are directing the Foundation to facilitate a review of this language to ensure that the Policy meets its intended purposes of supporting a safe and inclusive community, without waiting for the planned review of the entire Policy at the end of year.

Again, we thank all who participated, thinking about these critical and difficult challenges and contributing to better approaches across the movement to working together well.

Best,

Rosie

Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (she/her)&lt;br /&gt;
Acting Chair, Community Affairs Committee &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:39, 25 Abril 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 15:47, 25 Abril 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Abril 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Abril 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Mayo 2022 (UTC)
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== Call for volunteers: 2022 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;languages/&gt;
The Movement Strategy and Governance team is looking for community members to serve as election volunteers in the upcoming Board of Trustees election.

The idea of the Election Volunteer Program came up during the 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election. This program turned out to be successful. With the help of Election Volunteers we were able to increase outreach and participation in the election by 1,753 voters over 2017.  Overall turnout was 10.13%, 1.1 percentage points more, and 214 wikis were represented in the election. 

But a total of 74 wikis that did not participate in 2017 produced voters in the 2021 election. Can you help change the participation?

Election volunteers will help in the following areas:
* Translate short messages and announce the ongoing election process in community channels
* Optional: Monitor community channels for community comments and questions

Volunteers should:

* Maintain the friendly space policy during conversations and events
* Present the guidelines and voting information to the community in a neutral manner

Do you want to be an election volunteer and ensure your community is represented in the vote? Sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|here]] to receive updates. You can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Strategy and Governance/Election Volunteers/About|talk page]] for questions about translation.
&lt;/div&gt;

Best regards,

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:15, 5 Mayo 2022 (UTC)
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== Announcing the members of the Leadership Development Working Group ==

Hello all,

Following up my previous message about the [[m:Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]]: the [[m:Community Development|Community Development Team]] has completed the candidate selection process and is happy to announce '''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/ZJIUYB3IOU3AULV2R7EY32L6LIUSO56R/ fifteen volunteers]''' that are beginning work on this project. 

Thank you for your support and participation throughout the process!

For the Community Development team,

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 12 Mayo 2022 (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ==

Hello all,

I’d like to share an update on the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC):
* &lt;small&gt;(''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Announcement|see full announcement]]'')&lt;/small&gt; In May 2022, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|UCoC project team]] completed a report on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|2022 March ratification vote]] about the Guidelines. Voters cast votes from at least 137 communities, and at least 650 voters added comments with their vote. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report|The report is available on '''Meta-Wiki''']].
* Following the vote, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked] that several areas of the Guidelines be reviewed for improvements. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|Revisions Committee]] will refine it based on community feedback.
* &lt;small&gt;(''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|see full announcement]]'')&lt;/small&gt; In order to help the Revisions Committee, input from the community is requested. You can visit the discussions below:
** '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Discussions related to revisions of the Enforcement Guidelines]]'''
** '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Discussions related to revision of the UCoC policy text]]''' 

Please let me know if you have any questions about these next steps. 

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;br&gt;
[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12:46, 30 Mayo 2022 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 ==

Dear Wikimedians,

We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. 

The campaign will run from July 1 to August  31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]].

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]].

Best,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
17:39, 31 Mayo 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/2022 Candidates for the Board of Trustees}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] Call for Candidates has now closed. This Call led 12 candidates from the community to submit their applications. Learn more about the [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|2022 Board of Trustees candidates]].

The Analysis Committee will now consider the candidates’ applications with the skills and criteria provided by the Board. The trustees seek certain skills and competencies to improve the capacity of the Board. After the Analysis Committee completes their review, the ratings of each candidate will be published. These ratings are for informational purposes only.

For more information about the 2022 Board election, you may find the timeline, voting information and other ways to get involved [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|on Meta-wiki]].

Thank you for your support,

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:56, 1 Hunyo 2022 (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 16:13, 4 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming activities for the 2022 Board of Trustees election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Upcoming Activities| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Upcoming Activities|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Upcoming Activities}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

This message covers two upcoming activities for the 2022 Board of Trustees election.

The Board of Trustees election will have an Election Compass to support voters in their decision-making process. Eligible voters can propose statements in July and vote on which statements are used in the Election Compass in late July. Please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Election Compass page]] for more information.

Join conversations with the 2022 Board of Trustees candidates July 27 to August 7. Each candidate will have a one hour conversation with the community. Each conversation will be recorded and made available for future viewing. Live interpretation will be available. Languages available will be announced when the dates are set. These conversations will be scheduled with the candidates once the results of the Affiliate Selection are available. That information will be shared on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Events|2022 Board of Trustees election campaign events]] page.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:16, 11 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 04:32, 18 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:29, 20 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Vote for Election Compass Statements&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:37, 26 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Delay of the 2022 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Delay of Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Delay of Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,
 
I am reaching out to you today with an update about the timing of the voting for the Board of Trustees election. 
 
As many of you are already aware, this year we are offering an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]] to help voters identify the alignment of candidates on some key topics. Several candidates requested an extension of the character limitation on their responses expanding on their positions, and the Elections Committee felt their reasoning was consistent with the goals of a fair and equitable election process.  
 
To ensure that the longer statements can be translated in time for the election, the Elections Committee and Board Selection Task Force decided to delay the opening of the Board of Trustees election by one week - a time proposed as ideal by staff working to support the election. 
 
Although it is not expected that everyone will want to use the Election Compass to inform their voting decision, the Elections Committee felt it was more appropriate to open the voting period with essential translations for community members across languages to use if they wish to make this important decision.
 
The voting will open on August 23 at 00:00 UTC and close on September 6 at 23:59 UTC.

Best regards,

Matanya, on behalf of the Elections Committee
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12:22, 15 Agosto 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]

If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] and [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 17:09, 23 Agosto 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
Hello everyone,

The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. 

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. 

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! 

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance Team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] and [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 15:58, 30 Agosto 2022 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to close ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting about to Close|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting is about to Close}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello,

The Community Voting period of the 2022 Board of Trustees election started on August 23, 2022, and will close on September 6, 2022 23:59 UTC. There’s still a chance to participate in this election. If you did not vote, please visit the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].
If you need help in making your decision, here are some helpful links:
* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]].
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seek]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos|Watch the videos of the candidates answering questions proposed by the community]]. For translated versions, please see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Campaign_Videos#Translations_(subtitles)|here]].
Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 13:08, 2 Septyembre 2022 (UTC)&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Revised Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Revisions committee]] is requesting comments regarding the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|'''Revised Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']]. This review period will be open from '''8 September 2022 until 8 October 2022.'''

The Committee collaborated to revise these draft guidelines based on input gathered from the community discussion period from May through July, as well as the community vote that concluded in March 2022. The revisions are focused on the following four areas:

# To identify the type, purpose, and applicability of the UCoC training;
# To simplify the language for more accessible translation and comprehension by non-experts;
# To explore the concept of affirmation, including its pros and cons;
# To review the balancing of the privacy of the accuser and the accused

The Committee requests comments and suggestions about these revisions by '''8 October 2022'''. From there, the Revisions Committee anticipates further revising the guidelines based on community input.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Find the Revised Guidelines on Meta]], and a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Comparison|comparison page in some languages.''']]

Everyone may share comments in a number of places.  Facilitators welcome comments in any language on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|the Revised Enforcement Guidelines talk page]]. Comments can also be shared on talk pages of translations, at local discussions, or during conversation hours. There are a series of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Conversation hours|'''conversation hours''']] planned about the Revised Enforcement Guidelines; please see Meta for the times and details.

The facilitation team supporting this review period hopes to reach a large number of communities. If you do not see a conversation happening in your community, please organize a discussion. Facilitators can assist you in setting up the conversations. Discussions will be summarized and presented to the drafting committee every two weeks. The summaries will be published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,&lt;br&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 16:27, 9 Septyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Septyembre 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election community voting period ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] process. Your participation helps seat the trustees the community seeks on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. 

These are the preliminary results of the 2022 Board of Trustees election:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Shani_Evenstein_Sigalov|Shani Evenstein Sigalov]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates/Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

The Board will complete their review of the most voted candidates, including conducting background checks. The Board plans to appoint new trustees at their meeting in December.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] and [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 15:09, 22 Septyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== Sound Logo ==

[[Paypay:Sound_logo_campaign_lockup_-_English.png|center|150x150px]]
Hi all,

The Wikimedia sound logo contest has [[metawiki:Communications/Sound Logo|officially launched]], welcoming scores of submissions from around the world. From 13 September to 10 October 2022, everyone, everywhere is invited to play a part in [https://soundlogo.wikimedia.org/ The Sound of All Human Knowledge].

If you want to learn more about sound logos, need help with your submission, or if you have a great idea for one, but don't know how to capture it, join this conversation with our technical partner [https://www.massivemusic.com/ MassiveMusic] on '''29 September 2022, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664463604 15:00-16:00 UTC]'''. Sign up directly on [https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZUudO-rrzMoHdB0MJUmJeJ3M_XBZLP_S6DG '''Zoom'''].

Sound Logo Team, [[Gumaramit:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Arupako-WMF|hiruhimangraw]]) 08:04, 26 Septyembre 2022 (UTC)

== Preview Wikitext edits in real time from the Editor toolbar ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Realtime_Preview_Screenshot.png|thumb|right|400px|Screenshot with button highlighted]]

{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}

&quot;{{int:wikieditor-realtimepreview-beta-label}}&quot; is now available in beta. This feature allows editors to see a live preview at the side of the wikitext editor while they edit.

Realtime Preview is a Community Wishlist Survey 2021 proposal.

'''How to use it'''

In the 2010 wikitext editor toolbar, a new button appears with the label &quot;Preview&quot;. Clicking the button enables a side-by-side comparison showing what the published content would look like. Check out the screenshot. 

'''Try out this feature'''

Go to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features section of your Preferences]]. Ensure &quot;{{int:wikieditor-realtimepreview-beta-label}}
&quot; is turned '''on''' while &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}&quot; is turned '''off'''. 

If you have any feedback after using it, please share it with us at [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|the project talkpage]], or below (and @ping me please!).&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 12 Oktubre 2022 (UTC)
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Oktubre 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Review period on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Consultation Close|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Consultation Close|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Consultation Close}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Dear Wikimedians,

Thank you for participating in the review of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Revised Enforcement Draft Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)]]. The UCoC project team and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines Revisions Committee]] appreciate you all taking the time to discuss the guidelines, suggest changes, and ask questions.

'''This community review period lasted from 8 September 2022 to 8 October 2022.'''

Over the past four weeks, the UCoC project team has collected valuable community input from various channels, including three [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Conversation hours|conversation hours sessions]], where Wikimedians could get together to discuss the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines.

The Revisions Committee will review community input when they reconvene in the second week of October 2022. The UCoC project team will support them in providing updates as they continue their work and will continue to inform the community about all important developments and milestones as the Committee prepares the final version of the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines that is currently scheduled for a community-wide vote in mid-January of 2023.&lt;br&gt;

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:46, 20 Oktubre 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello all, 

During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values &amp; Principles, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. 

With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter&quot;''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback.     

The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: 

* '''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.   
* '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in  Arabic, French and Russian.  
* '''Latin America/North America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. 

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call.

'''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors'''

Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. 

We thank you for your time and participation. 

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 13:52, 2 Nobyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. 
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful.

The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity.

If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application.

Best regards, &lt;br&gt; Movement Strategy and Governance Team &lt;br&gt; Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] and [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:53, 9 Nobyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Join the Movement Charter conversation hour for ESEAP region&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Regional conversations - ESEAP|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Regional conversations - ESEAP|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Regional conversations - ESEAP}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Dear all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) is currently collecting community feedback about three draft sections of the Movement Charter: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|Preamble]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]]''', and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]]''' (statement of intent). 

'''How can you participate and share your feedback?'''

The MCDC is looking forward to receiving all types of feedback in different languages from the community members across the Movement and Affiliates. You can participate in the following ways:

* Attend one of the scheduled '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|community conversation hours with MCDC members]]'''; detail for the ESEAP session below;
* Fill out a '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 survey]''' (optional and anonymous);
* Share your thoughts and feedback on the '''[[m:Movement Charter/Content|Meta talk page]]''';
* Share your thoughts and feedback on the '''Movement Strategy Forum''':
**'''[https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-preamble/2284 Preamble]'''
**'''[https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-values-principles/2285 Values &amp; Principles]'''
**'''[https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-roles-responsibilities-statement-of-intent/2286 Roles &amp; Responsibilities]''' (statement of intent); or
* Send an email to '''{{nospam|movementcharter|wikimedia.org}}''' if you have other feedback to the MCDC.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_East_Asia,_South_East_Asia,_and_the_Pacific|community consultation session for the ESEAP region]] will take place on '''Friday, 9 December 2022''' at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1670576448 '''09:00-10:30 UTC''']. The session will be held on Zoom; the link will be shared at the page 48 hours before the session. Live interpretation in '''Chinese''', '''Japanese''', and '''Indonesian''' will be available. The conversations will not be recorded, except for the section where participants are invited to share what they discussed in the breakout rooms. The facilitation team will take notes and produce a summary report afterwards. 

If you want to learn more about the Movement Charter, its goals, why it matters and how it impacts your community, please watch the [[commons:File:Ask_Me_Anything_on_Movement_Charter,_Introduction_by_%C3%89rica_Azzellini,_English,_Nov_12,_2022.webm|recording (in English)]] of the “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” sessions which took place earlier in November 2022. You can also watch the recording [[commons:File:MCDC_Onboarding_%22Ask_me_Anything%22_session_-_Mandarin.webm|in Chinese]] and [[commons:File:MCDC_Onboarding_%22Ask_me_Anything%22_session_-_Japanese_language.webm|in Japanese]]. 

Thank you for your participation.

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] and [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 01:01, 2 Disyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder to provide feedback on the Movement Charter content&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Reminder - ESEAP| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Reminder - ESEAP|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation/Reminder_-_ESEAP}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all, 

We are in the middle of the community consultation period on the three draft sections of the Movement Charter: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] (statement of intent).

You are invited to attend the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_East_Asia,_South_East_Asia,_and_the_Pacific|community consultation session for East Asia, South East Asia, and the Pacific region (ESEAP)]] which will take place on '''Friday, 9 December 2022''' at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1670576448 '''09:00-10:30 UTC''']. The session will be held on Zoom; please join the meeting via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88407930105?pwd=VVpBaFpKRThtd29mVzk5RCtOa1FaUT09 this link]. Live interpretation will be available in '''Indonesian''', '''Japanese''', and '''Mandarin Chinese'''. 

'''This community consultation period will end on 18 December 2022'''. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) encourages everyone who is interested in the governance of the Wikimedia movement to share their thoughts and opinions on the draft content of the Charter. Apart from joining the live conversation, you can also share your feedback via different channels provided below:
* Fill out an anonymous [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 '''survey'''] 
* Share your thoughts and feedback on the '''[https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/december-9th-09-00-utc-mcdc-community-consultation-east-southeast-asia-and-the-pacific/2384 Movement Strategy Forum]''' 
* Share your thoughts and feedback on the Meta Talk pages
* Send an email to: movementcharter@wikimedia.org if you have other feedback to the MCDC  

You can also find the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|ESEAP facilitators from the Movement Strategy and Governance team]] at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP_Hub/Meetings|ESEAP 28th Community Meeting]] on Sunday, 11 December 2022 to share your thoughts. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you for your participation in this community consultation! 

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation 
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 06:37, 9 Disyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:32, 13 Disyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;  Movement Charter: End of the community consultation round 1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/End of Community Consultation|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/End of Community Consultation}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hi everyone, 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC), we would like to thank everyone who has participated in our first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|community wide consultation period]] on the Movement Charter. 

People from across the Movement shared their feedback and thoughts on the content of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]]. If you have not had the chance to share your opinion yet, you are welcome to do so still by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|giving the drafts a read]] and filling out the '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 anonymous survey]''', which is accessible in 12+ languages. The survey will close on '''January 2, 2023'''. You are invited to continue to share your thoughts with the MCDC via email too: movementcharter@wikimedia.org. 

'''What’s next?'''

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] will publish the final report with the summary of the feedback received in January 2023. It will be shared with the MCDC and the communities via different distribution channels. 

After receiving the final report, the MCDC will review the suggestions and communicate the changes by providing an explanation on how and why suggestions were or were not adopted in the next versions of the drafts. There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content in 2023, including early feedback on a proposed ratification process and new drafts of different chapters in the second quarter of 2023.

We invite you to sign-up to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Newsletter|MCDC monthly newsletter]], it will be delivered to the Talk page of your choice. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates|Monthly updates]] are available on Meta to remain updated on the progress of the MCDC. 

Interested people can still sign-up to become a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassador]] (MC Ambassador) to support their community. The MC Ambassadors Program grant program will restart accepting applications from both individuals and groups ahead of the next round of consultations in the second quarter of 2023.

We thank you for your participation, time and effort in helping to build the Charter for our Movement! 

''On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,''&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 12:25, 16 Disyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 10:24, 24 Disyembre 2022 (UTC)
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== Upcoming vote on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 1}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

In mid-January 2023, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] will undergo a second community-wide ratification vote. This follows [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|the March 2022 vote]], which resulted in a majority of voters supporting the Enforcement Guidelines. During the vote, participants helped highlight important community concerns. The Board’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] requested that these areas of concern be reviewed.

The volunteer-led [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Revisions_Committee_members|Revisions Committee]] worked hard reviewing community input and making changes. They updated areas of concern, such as training and affirmation requirements, privacy and transparency in the process, and readability and translatability of the document itself.

The revised Enforcement Guidelines can be viewed '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|here]]''', and a comparison of changes can be found '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Comparison|here]]'''.

'''How to vote?'''

Beginning '''January 17, 2023''', voting will be open. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voter information|This page on Meta-wiki]]''' outlines information on how to vote using SecurePoll.

'''Who can vote?'''

The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information#Voting_eligibility|eligibility requirements]]''' for this vote are the same as for the Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections.  See the voter information page for more details about voter eligibility.  If you are an eligible voter, you can use your Wikimedia account to access the voting server.

'''What happens after the vote?''' 

Votes will be scrutinized by an independent group of volunteers, and the results will be published on Wikimedia-l, the Movement Strategy Forum, Diff and on Meta-wiki. Voters will again be able to vote and share concerns they have about the guidelines. The Board of Trustees will look at the levels of support and concerns raised as they look at how the Enforcement Guidelines should be ratified or developed further.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[m:User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 12:28, 11 Enero 2023 (UTC)
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== Voting now open on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 2|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''{{subst:more languages}}''

Hello all, 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|voting period]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] is now open! Voting will be open for two weeks and will close at '''23:59 UTC''' on '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|voter information page on Meta-wiki]] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote.

For more details on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process, see our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]].

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,&lt;br&gt;
[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 12:50, 18 Enero 2023 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct is closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 4|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 4|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Voting 4}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voting|vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] is now closed.  The results will now be counted and scrutinized to ensure that only eligible votes are included. Results will be published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|on Meta]] and other movement forums as soon as they become available, as well as information on future steps. Thank you to all who participated in the voting process, and who have contributed to the drafting of Guidelines.  

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 11:34, 3 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct revised enforcement guidelines vote results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The recent community-wide vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines |Universal Code of Conduct revised Enforcement Guidelines]] has been tallied and scrutinized. Thank you to everyone who participated.

After 3097 voters from 146 Wikimedia communities voted, the results are 76% in support of the Enforcement Guidelines, and 24% in opposition. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|Statistics]] for the vote are available. A more detailed summary of comments submitted during the vote will be published soon.

From here, the results and comments collected during this vote will be submitted to the Board of Trustees for their review. The current expectation is that the Board of Trustees review process will complete in March 2023.  We will update you when their review process is completed.

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 16:06, 14 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community feedback-cycle about updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use starts&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours/Announcement|}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_department|Wikimedia Foundation Legal Department]] is organizing a feedback-cycle with community members to discuss updating the Wikimedia Terms of Use.

[[:foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of Use|The Terms of Use (ToU)]] are the legal terms that govern the use of websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. We will be gathering your feedback on a draft proposal from February through April. The draft will be translated into several languages, with written feedback accepted in any language.

This update comes in response to several things:
* Implementing the Universal Code of Conduct
* Updating project text to the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license
* Proposal for better addressing undisclosed paid editing
* Bringing our terms in line with current and recently passed laws affecting the Foundation, including the European Digital Services Act

As part of the feedback cycle two office hours will be held, the first on March 2, the second on April 4. 

For further information, please consult:
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Proposed update|proposed update of the ToU by comparison]]  
* The page for your [[m:Talk:Terms of use|feedback]]
* Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/2023 ToU updates/Office hours|the office hours]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Legal Team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 22:50, 21 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:21, 27 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Board of Trustees have ratified the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement - Board ratification|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement - Board ratification|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement - Board ratification}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello all, an important update on the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines:

The vote on the Enforcement Guidelines in January 2023 showed a majority approval of the Enforcement Guidelines. There were 369 comments received and a detailed summary of the comments will be published shortly. Just over three-thousand (3097) voters voted and 76% approved of the Enforcement Guidelines. You can view the '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting_statistics|vote statistics on Meta-wiki]]'''.

As the support increased, this signifies to the Board that the current version has addressed some of the issues indicated during the last review in 2022. The Board of Trustees voted to ratify the Enforcement Guidelines. The [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Approval_of_Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Enforcement_Guidelines resolution can be found on Foundation wiki] and you can read more about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/21/the-enforcement-guidelines-received-strong-support-from-the-community-what-happens-next/ process behind the 2023 Enforcement Guidelines review on Diff.]

There are some next steps to take with the important recommendations provided by the Enforcement Guidelines. More details will come soon about timelines. Thank you for your interest and participation. 

On behalf of the UCoC Project Team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 15:55, 23 Marso 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report on voter comments from the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Email|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Email|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voting/Report/Email}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello all,

The Universal Code of Conduct project team has completed the analysis of the comments accompanying the ratification vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]]. 

All respondents to the vote had the opportunity to provide comments regarding the contents of the revised Enforcement Guidelines draft document. A total of 369 participants left comments in 18 languages; compared to 657 commenters in 27 languages in 2022. The Trust and Safety Policy team completed an analysis of these results, categorizing comments to identify major themes and areas of focus within the comments. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Voter comments report|The report is available in translated versions on Meta-wiki here]]'''. Please help translate into your language. 

Again, we are thankful to all who participated in the vote and discussions. More information about the Universal Code of Conduct and its Enforcement Guidelines can be found on Meta-wiki.

On behalf of the Universal Code of Conduct project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 14:40, 31 Marso 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming community review of the Movement Charter ratification methodology&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Movement Charter/Ratification/Pre-announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''

Hello everyone, 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) will propose a ratification methodology for the future [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] on April 10, 2023. The proposed ratification methodology is a result of learnings from previous ratification processes. 

The MCDC will organize a consultation period with the Wikimedia Movement to hear feedback on the proposed ratification methodology from '''April 10 to 28, 2023'''. People will be invited to share their feedback on the questions mainly via the Meta Talk page discussion, on the Movement Strategy Forum, and during the community conversation hours. The MCDC welcomes your input on some open questions.

'''Join the community conversation hours'''

The MCDC invites everyone interested in sharing their feedback on the proposed methodology to join the community conversation hours:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Community_conversation_#1:_18_April,_2023_at_10.00_UTC|Community conversation hour #1]]: '''18 April at 10:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1681812036 your local time])  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Community_conversation_#1:_18_April,_2023_at_10.00_UTC|Community conversation hour #2]]: '''24 April at 17:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682355603 your local time]) 

When signing up, please leave a comment if you need language support. Please note that language interpretation will be provided if at least 3 people expressed interest to participate in the following languages: Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Russian and Spanish.

Thank you,

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[m:User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 15:38, 6 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Elections Committee: Call for New Members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominations/2023/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominations/2023/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominations/2023/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone, 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Wikimedia Foundation elections committee]] (Elections Committee) is, from today until April 24, seeking an additional 2–4 members to help facilitate the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustee (Board) selection process.

The 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is being planned. New members are invited to join the Elections Committee. The Elections Committee oversees the Board of Trustees community seat selection process. Join the committee and contribute your valuable skills and ideas to the Trustee selection process.

There are eight community- and affiliate-selected seats on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_of_Trustees|the Wikimedia Foundation Board]]. The wider Wikimedia community votes for community members to occupy these seats. In 2024, the Elections Committee will oversee this selection process for the community- and affiliate-selected seats with expiring terms. This process will be supported by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Elections Committee members sign up for three-year terms and will be asked to [[phab:L37|sign a confidentiality agreement]]. Members can expect to contribute 2–5 hours per week before the selection process and 5–8 hours per week during the selection process.

As an Elections Committee member, you will be responsible for:

* Attending online meetings between now and the next election (mid-2024)
* Attending onboarding and online training in May–June 2023
* Working with the Committee to fulfill its [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Elections_Committee_Charter|other responsibilities]]

New members should have the following qualities:

* Fluency in English
* Responsiveness to email collaboration
* Knowledge of the movement and movement governance

If you would like to volunteer for this role, please '''submit your candidacy by April 24, 2023 23:59 [[en:Anywhere on Earth|AoE (Anywhere on Earth)]] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Nominations/2023|this Meta-Wiki page]]'''.

You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Wikimedia_Foundation_Elections_Committee_-_2023_Call_for_New_Members|'''read the full announcement here''']]. Thank you in advance for your interest! If you are not interested but know someone who might be, share this message with them. Please let me know if you have questions.

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[m:User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 15:41, 12 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Call for early input on the proposed Movement Charter ratification methodology&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;mcdc&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee&lt;/tvar&gt;|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) has started to collect input from the Wikimedia movement on the [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;mcm&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification&lt;/tvar&gt;|proposed methodology for the ratification of the Movement Charter]] from '''April 10 to 28, 2023'''. Ratification of the [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;mc&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter&lt;/tvar&gt;|Movement Charter]] is planned to take place in early 2024 according to the timeline. 

'''There are [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;mcm2&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification&lt;/tvar&gt;|six questions]] that the MCDC requests your input on.''' Please share your feedback by:
* Commenting on the [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;tmc&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter&lt;/tvar&gt;|Meta talk page]]
* Commenting on the [&lt;tvar name=&quot;forum&quot;&gt;https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930&lt;/tvar&gt; Movement Strategy forum]
* Joining the community conversation hours; the first conversation hour will take place on '''18 April at 10:00 UTC''' ([&lt;tvar name=&quot;1&quot;&gt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1681812036&lt;/tvar&gt; your local time]). [[&lt;tvar name=&quot;mccc&quot;&gt;m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation&lt;/tvar&gt;|When signing up]], please leave a comment if you need language support by April 16, 2023. We will try our best to provide language interpretation if at least three people expressed interest.

If you have any questions, kindly let us know.

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] &amp; [[m:User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 13:33, 14 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 21 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation’s 2023-2024 Annual Plan and Upcoming Community Conversations ==

The main purpose of this message is to share with you the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024|draft annual plan]] of the Wikimedia Foundation for the coming fiscal year from July 2023 to June 2024. The summary of the annual plan is available in multiple languages. 

'''Some Excerpts from the Annual Plan Draft'''

The Wikimedia Foundation has remained in a period of transition. It welcomed new leadership last year, including a new Chief Executive Officer and Chief Product and Technology Officer. Additionally, the Foundation has navigated conversations with global communities on a range of important issues, from a future charter defining roles and responsibilities, to how we raise shared resources through banner fundraising. This year's Annual Plan attempts to provide more clarity on multi-year strategic issues that do not have quick fixes, and more detailed information on how the Foundation operates.

For the second consecutive year, the Wikimedia Foundation is anchoring its annual plan in the movement's strategy to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Equity|advance equity]]. The intention is to connect the Foundation's work even more deeply with the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy/Recommendations/Summary|Movement Strategy Recommendations]] to make even deeper progress towards the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|2030 Strategic Direction]]. This year, the Foundation is recentering its plan around [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Goals/Infrastructure|Product and Technology]], emphasizing our unique role as a platform for people and communities collaborating on a massive scale. If you are interested to learn more, you can find detailed information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024|this meta page]]. 

'''Requesting Your Feedback'''

Your feedback is highly appreciated, whether being on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024|Meta discussion page]] or sharing at your local discussion space. Your comments and reflections will help improve the proposal before the Foundation’s Board of Trustees considers the plan and budget in their June meeting. 

'''Community Conversations'''

Everyone is also invited to participate in the '''virtual conversation on 30th April 2023 at 6am UTC''' (check your [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682834411 local time here]), which is planned for participants from the Asia Pacific timezone. Kindly see the [[wmfblog:event/30th-april-annual-planning-call/|Diff calendar here]]. [[m:User:Lgruwell-WMF|Lisa Seitz Gruwell]], Chief Advancement Officer and Deputy to the Chief Executive Officer will be joining the call to share more and learn about your thoughts. You can find the information relating to virtual conversations on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Collaboration|collaboration page]]. We look forward to seeing you in the upcoming conversation!

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]] 13:31, 25 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:01, 26 Abril 2023 (UTC)
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==Translating dates to Waray==
Very many articles have an access-date in English, I have just started translating the dates to Waray.  Let me know if you have any comments or queries. [[Gumaramit:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Rich Farmbrough|hiruhimangraw]]) 22:29, 24 Mayo 2023 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:21, 27 Mayo 2023 (UTC)
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== MinT Machine Translation enabled and plans to deploy Section Translation to Waray Wikipedia ==

{{int:Hello}} Waray Wikipedians!

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language.

The WMF Language team has added a machine translation (MT) system supporting [[Pinaurog:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] for the first time in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|MinT machine translation]] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content Translation tool.


The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [[:en:Neural_machine_translation|neural machine translation]] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200] and [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT] and will replace those as separate options. This MT will be set as default in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting &quot;Start with empty paragraph&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu.


Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT Machine translation and the models on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT|this page]].

Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to:

* use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service
* [[mw:Talk:Content_translation|please provide feedback]] about the service and its quality, and ask questions about this addition.

'''Plans to deploy the Section translation tool'''

Now that you have Machine Translation support in your Wikipedia, We will enable the Section translation by default to your Wikipedia if there are no objections from your community. 

The [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will:

* Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones
* Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device

After enabling it, we’ll monitor the content created with the tools and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to try the current implementation of the Section Translation tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;from=en&amp;to=no&amp;sx=true#/ our testing instance] and raise any concerns or questions you may already have as a reply to this message or on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]] 

We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content and Section Translation tool once it is enabled.


Thank you! [[Gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]]) 20:27, 5 Hunyo 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Wikimedians,
[[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]]
We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files.

If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page.

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Kind regards,

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. 

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 23:25, 7 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)
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== Preparatory Council Nomination and Voting Information ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;languages/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Preparatory Council Nomination and Voting Information|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''

Dear Communities and individual contributors in the ESEAP Regional Cooperation: 

The ESEAP Interim Hub Committee's mandate shall conclude with Wikimania 2023; culminating with their handover to a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Preparatory Council/Process|ESEAP Preparatory Council.]]

This Preparatory Council will continue to define, until its completion, ESEAP's Roles and Responsibilities document. 

The Council shall also finalize ESEAP's pilot grant plan for the first year; concluding with the ESEAP Conference in 2024. 

The Preparatory Council will consist of 9 seats;

* 4 of the 9 seats will be allocated for Affiliates and voted exclusively by Affiliates. Each affiliate will have a maximum of 4 votes.
* 3 seats will be allocated for Communities from ESEAP, duly verified, and voted exclusively by the Communities. Each community will have a maximum of 3 votes.
* 2 seats will be allocated for Individual contributors and will be voted by Popular Vote ‐ voted exclusively by individual contributors. Each individual voter has a maximum of 2 votes.

Should your community wish to nominate a candidate, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Preparatory Council/Nomination|nominate your community with the name of the candidate]] by August 19th. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Preparatory Council/Voting|voting]] will be happening betwen August 20nd and September 2nd.

Should you (individual contributor) want to nominate an individual, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Preparatory Council/Nomination|nominate the person]] by August 19th. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Preparatory Council/Voting|voting]] will be happening between August 20nd and September 2nd.

With the time being so short, we need your cooperation and participation as soon as possible.

The election for the seats will be held on the this Meta page.

Let's move forward together!

Sincerely,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP_Hub/Community_Yellow_Pages#ESEAP_Hub_Interim_Committee|ESEAP Interim Hub Committee]]
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:VChang (WMF)|VChang (WMF)]]  09:21, 17 Agosto 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Agosto 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 Septyembre 2023 (UTC)
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==Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Oktubre 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:13, 17 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)
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&lt;br&gt;

== &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bell MT; font-size: 18pt; color: maroon&quot;&gt;''Movement Charter Drafts '''2024''' ''&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;small&gt;''source'': [[:m:Pilipinas_Panorama_Community/Movement_Charter|Pilipinas Panorama Community]]&lt;/small&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: ; background: #fff;&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;  background: #fff; line-height: 100px;&quot; | [[File:Wikimedia-logo-update-2016.svg|180px]]
| colspan=5 | &lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Wikimedia Movement Charter'''&lt;/big&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: ; background: #fff;&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;  background: #fff; line-height: 100px;&quot; | '' ''
| colspan=3 | '''Languages'''&lt;br&gt;
|-
! Document
! &lt;big&gt;English&lt;/big&gt;
! &lt;big&gt;Tagalog&lt;/big&gt;
! &lt;big&gt;Bikol&lt;br&gt;Central&lt;/big&gt;

|-
|:
|-
| '''Movement Charter'''
| [[:m:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/tl|Tipang Kasulatan ng Kilusan]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/bcl|Tipang Kasuratan]]
|-
|:
|-
| '''Content'''
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Content|Content]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Content/tl|Mga Nilalaman]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''One-Page'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Content/One-page_draft|One-page draft]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Content/One-page_draft/tl|Isang-pahinang draft]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Content/One-page_draft/bcl|Sarong-pahinang draft]]
|-
|:
|-
| '''Introduction'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Introduction|Introduction]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Introduction/tl|Panimula]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Volunteers'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Volunteers|Volunteers]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Volunteers/tl|Mga Nagkukusang-loob]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|- 
| '''Wikimedia Movement Bodies'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Wikimedia_Movement_Bodies|Wikimedia Movement Bodies]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Wikimedia_Movement_Bodies/tl|Mga Katawan ng Kilusang Wikimedia]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Amendment'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Amendment|Amendment]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Amendment/tl|Pagbabago (Susog)]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Ratification'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Ratification|Ratification]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Ratification/tl|Pagpapatibay]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Glossary'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Glossary|Glossary]]
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Glossary/tl|Talasalitaan]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Supplementary Documents'''
| [[:m:Movement_Charter/Content/One-page_draft#Supplementary_documents|Supplementary Documents]]
| '''  '''
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Conversations'''
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Conversations|Conversations]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Conversations/tl|Mga Talakayan]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Community Consultation'''
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Community Consultation]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/tl|Konsultasyon sa Pamayanan]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
| '''Drafting Committee'''
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]]
| [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/tl|Drafting Committee]]
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|-
|'''MCDC Open Community Call'''
|[[File:MCDC Open Community Call April 4 2024.webm|thumb|center|&lt;center&gt;April 4 2024 (Recording)&lt;/center&gt;]] 
| '''  '''
| '''  '''
|-
|:
|}
|}
&lt;!--  ----------------------------------------------------------------  --&gt;
[[:meta:Talk:Pilipinas_Panorama_Community/Movement_Charter#Share_your_thoughts|'''Share your thoughts''']]
[[:meta:Talk:Movement_Charter|'''Feedback''']]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
[[Gumaramit:Buszmail|Buszmail]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Buszmail|hiruhimangraw]]) 10:53, 27 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)
&lt;br&gt;Updated:
[[User:Buszmail|Buszmail]] ([[User talk:Buszmail|talk]]) 6:00, 08 Mayo 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;!--  ---- Thank you for supporting our Movement Charter drafting initiatives ----  --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
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== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 07:26, 18 Enero 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 07:26, 18 Enero 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Enero 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Enero 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. 

A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks.

Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:24, 12 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Marso 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all,

This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. 

Here are the key planned dates:

*  May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions
*  June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5]
*  June-August 2024: Campaign period
*  End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period
*  October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates
*  Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan.

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]].

Best regards,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Marso 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Marso 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Abril 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 Mayo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Mayo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Hunyo 2024 (UTC)
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== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 ==

Dear community members,

We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024:

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki.

Thank you,

[[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]]  / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)&lt;br/&gt;
Project manager and coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hi everyone,

The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading.

'''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?'''

The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

'''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”'''

Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote.

'''Movement Charter ratification vote'''

Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

On behalf of the MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:45, 11 Hunyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading.

Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]].

After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further.

If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

On behalf of the CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 Hunyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''.

If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:47, 8 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 17:52, 18 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 Agosto 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 23:20, 22 Agosto 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Septyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 12:14, 3 Septyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:38, 20 Septyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 18:56, 27 Septyembre 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:13, 29 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Waray Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Waray Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Waray Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[Paypay:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[Paypay:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 20th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:UOzurumba (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]]) 01:42, 7 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Enero 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 02:36, 29 Enero 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 02:36, 29 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:49, 3 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marso 2025 (UTC)

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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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==Phased deployment of the CampaignEvents extension across various Wikipedias==
Hello! 
Apologies for writing this message in English.
I am writing on behalf of the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation%20Product%20Team Campaigns product team] who are planning a global deployment of the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents CampaignEvents extension] to all Wikipedias, starting with a small batch in April 2025. 


The Waray Wikipedia is one of the wikis proposed for this phase! This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, wikiprojects, and other on-wiki collaborations. Also making these events/wikiprojects more discoverable. You can find out more here on the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/FAQ FAQs page].


The three main features of this extension are:
# '''Event Registration:''' A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
# '''Event List:''' A calendar to show all events on your wiki. Soon, it will include WikiProjects too.
# '''Invitation Lists:''' A tool to find editors who might want to join, based on their edits.


'''Please Note:''' 
This extension comes with a new user right called &quot;Event Organizer,&quot; which will be managed by the administrators of Waray Wikipedia, allowing the admins to decide when and how the extension tools are used on the wikis. 
Once released, the organizer-facing tools (Event Registration and Invitation Lists) can only be used if someone is granted the Event-Organizer right, managed by the admins.


The only tool that is available immediately after release is the ‘’Collaboration List’’, which is a read-only page that lists events and WikiProjects that people can join.


The extension is already on some wikis,e.g Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status see full list]). Check out the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment%20status phased deployment plan] and share your thoughts by March 31, 2025. 


'''To Admins,''' 
your feedback and thoughts are especially important because this extension includes a new user right called &quot;Event Organizer,&quot; which will be managed by you. Once you take a look at the details above and on the linked pages, we suggest drafting a community policy outlining criteria for granting this right on Waray Wikipedia. Check out [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Event%20organizers Meta:Event_organizers] and [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Event_organizers Wikidata:Event_organizers] to see examples. 


For further enquiries, feel free to contact us via the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents|extension talkpage]], or email ikristiani@wikimedia.org.
[[Gumaramit:IKristiani-WMF|IKristiani-WMF]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:IKristiani-WMF|hiruhimangraw]]) 06:24, 24 Marso 2025 (UTC)

== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:04, 28 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Abril 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|hiruhimangraw]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 03:08, 28 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|hiruhimangraw]]) 16:48, 29 Mayo 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== CampaignEvents Extension Now Active on this Wiki! ==

Good news! The [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents| CampaignEvents extension]] is now active on this Wiki as part of [[metawiki:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Global_Deployment_Plan| Phase 2 of the global deployment]]! This extension empowers organizers to plan and promote events like edit-a-thons, data-a-thons, and meetups with ease.

What You Can Do Now:

* [[metawiki:Event_Center/Registration| Event Registration]] &amp; [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list| Invitation Lists]]: Organizers can ask this wiki’s admins for the Event-Organizer right. This gives access to tools for planning, managing events, Wikiprojects and finding editors who share similar interests to invite for your upcoming event or wikiproject. These tools make organizing events simple and smooth.

* [[metawiki:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list| Collaboration List]]: You can now go to the “Special:AllEvents” page on this wiki to explore a global, automated calendar of upcoming and ongoing events, as well as WikiProjects on this wiki. It’s a great way to discover and promote collaborative activities!

* Transclude Collaboration list: You can now add the Collaboration List to any page, like this wiki’s main page, WikiProject pages, or even User pages. This creates a calendar that updates automatically with events that match your wiki or topic. You can also transclude a list of the WikiProjects on the wiki. Learn more at: [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list/Transclusion|mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list/Transclusion]].

For further enquires, feel free to contact us via the [[metawiki:Talk:CampaignEvents|extension talkpage]] or email my colleague Benedict Udeh ([mailto:budeh-ctr@wikimedia.org budeh-ctr@wikimedia.org])

&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Gumaramit:IKristiani-WMF|IKristiani-WMF]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:IKristiani-WMF|hiruhimangraw]]) 10:17, 2 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Hunyo 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 17:44, 17 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 12:46, 14 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Septyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Upcoming Dark Mode user interface rollout for anonymous Wikimedia sites users ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}} Wikimedians,

Apologies if this message is not in your language. {{int:please-translate}}.

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will launch the Dark mode feature for anonymous users on all Wikimedia sites, including yours, on October 29, 2025.

[[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark mode]] is an option that allows users to view pages in light-coloured text, and icons on a dark background. Once it is available for anonymous users, they can enable it when using various devices. More information on ways to enable it can be found on [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Dark mode#Options for anyone|this page]].
Given many pages are still not compatible with dark mode this will be an opt-in feature and not automatically apply to pages.

Dark mode requires modifications to content pages and templates, and since our initial launch [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/ in July 2024], we have been working with communities and helping them prepare for dark mode. Before the rollout, it is essential that template authors and technical contributors test dark mode and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|this page]] to learn how to make pages Dark mode-ready and address any compatibility issues found in templates.

We will fix most color compatibility issues only on the most-viewed pages on projects with over 5 million monthly page views. Technical contributors with an account should opt into dark mode currently using preferences or settings and test pages and seek help before the release to ensure everything complies before the enablement.

If you have any questions or need help, please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|contact the Reader Experience team]] for support.

Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:08, 30 Septyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 04:48, 9 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:43, 28 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 13:21, 18 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki ==

''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)''

Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.
I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists.

'''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''.

'''[What does this mean?]'''
* Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:war:Pinaurog:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] page
* Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:war:Pinaurog:Angay_Timan-an|Watchlists]]
* You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:war:Pinaurog:Preferences|user settings]]
[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]].

'''[How you can help?]'''&lt;br&gt;
We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits.
We are particularly interested to hear from:
* '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes?
* '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages?
* '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on?

If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer!

More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]].

If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer!
Thank you, -- [[Gumaramit:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|hiruhimangraw]]) 15:05, 23 Enero 2026 (UTC)

== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|hiruhimangraw]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:15, 19 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Proposed changes to Batakan:Wikidata_image ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hello, we have opened an edit request at [[war:Hiruhimangraw_hiton_batakan:Wikidata_image|Batakan:Wikidata_image]] to reduce the load on the [[war:Pinaurog:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] table.

If someone could please take a look at it before 01.04.2026, 1st of April when we plan to implement the change. Thank you, --[[Gumaramit:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|hiruhimangraw]]) 09:42, 24 Marso 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 17:11, 3 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:MediaWiki message delivery|hiruhimangraw]]) 00:58, 26 Abril 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Program submissions open: Bikol WikiConference 2026 ==

[[File:Bikol_WikiConference_2026_logo.png|frameless|250px|right]]
The '''[[m:Bikol Wikipedia Community/Bikol WikiConference 2026|Bikol WikiConference 2026]]''' will take place '''29–31 May 2026 in Naga City''', under the theme: ''Advancing Language and Culture in the Digital Age''.

The Bikol WikiCon is an extraordinary regional gathering that brings together Bikolanos actively supporting and contributing to open educational resources (OERs) with the vibrant Wikimedia communities in the Philippines. Next year, Bikol Wikipedia will be turning 20 years old. Reaching 2 decades is a strong milestone therefore it is also the right moment to ask harder questions about sustainability, quality and direction. The conference will serve as a venue for the participants to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and collaboration results, and to discuss the challenges encountered and the solutions adopted. We can’t wait to see you at the event!

The conference will cover topics pertaining to Digital Resources, Heritage Advocacy, Cultural Preservation, and Partnerships with various institutional, social, and cultural contexts.

You may submit any of the following types of session proposals:

* '''Lightning talk:''' One presenter gives a talk with no follow-up by the audience. The total time for a lightning talk will be 10-15 minutes.
* '''Lecture:''' One or two presenters offer(s) a presentation followed by questions and comments from the audience. The total time for a lecture (including questions and comments) will be 30-45 minutes.
* '''Roundtable:''' A group of 10-15 people discusses a particular topic. The total time for a roundtable discussion will be 60 minutes.
* '''Workshop:''' One or two moderators present(s) a topic by actively interacting with the audience. The total time for a workshop will be 60-120 minutes.
* '''Meetup:''' A group of people with common interests informally meets to discuss different topics. The total time for a meetup is not pre-determined and depends on the proposer’s preferences.

Submissions will be evaluated by the Program Committee based on:
* Potential impact and expected outcomes
* Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas

Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission. 

'''→ [[m:Bikol Wikipedia Community/Bikol WikiConference 2026/Program|Submit your proposal on Meta]] or [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd1vYWPvrNltZS2ie51lYK-OB6cfS8E2NQFjH1I213dYl24NQ/viewform?usp=header Google Form]''' on or before '''May 15.'''

For more information, or questions, contact: bikolwikicommunity(@)gmail.com

Mabalos!

On behalf of the Bikol WikiConference Organizing Team,&lt;br&gt; [[Gumaramit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Filipinayzd|hiruhimangraw]]) 06:43, 2 Mayo 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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      <sha1>97xs896dsc2datei64iwo3x2spy7vxt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Fisika</title>
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      <text bytes="20767" sha1="sj4vx0y8k8891z87iyec2z80xr4scao" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CollageFisica.jpg|thumb]]
Iton '''físika''', '''pesiká'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 283.&lt;/ref&gt; o '''pisiká'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 288.&lt;/ref&gt; (tikang han [[Griyego nga yinaknan|Griyego]], φύσις (''phúsis''), ''&quot;nature&quot;'' ngan φυσικός (''phusikós''), &quot;natural&quot;), an pinaka-''fundamental'' nga [[siyensya natural]], nanginginlabot hiton mga batikan nga mga prinsipyo han [[Universo]]. Iton Físika nanginginlabot hiton mga elementarya nga nakahimo han [[Nature|natural nga kalibutan]] (e.g. ''[[matter]]'', [[enerhiya]], [[espasyo]], ngan [[takna]]) ngan an ira mga interaksyon, pati gihapon han pag-analisar han mga sistema nga naipapahayag hin klaro ha pamulong hinin nga mga prinsipyo.

==Kasaysayan==
Nagtikang an Pesika bilang Pilosopiya-natural sadton ''[[Archaic Greece|Archaic period]]'' han [[Greece]] (tuig 650 BCE – 480 BCE). An mga pilosopo sugad kan [[Thales]] naghanap hin ''methodological'' na mga eksplenasyons san mga natural na phenomena. Naghatag sira mga ideya nga ginpasarig san rason ngan obserbasyon, ngan daramo san kanra mga ''hypotheses'' naprubaran san experimento;&lt;ref name=&quot;lloyd1970pp108-109&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Lloyd|1970|pp=108–109}}&lt;/ref&gt; sugad san [[atomismo]] na naprubaran na tama haros 2000 katuig tikang sa  una gin-''propose'' ni [[Leucippus]] ngan [[Democritus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;about-atomism&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
|last=Gill
|first=N.S.
|title=Atomism - Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Atomism
|work=Ancient/Classical History
|publisher=[[About.com]]
|url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/presocraticphiloso/p/Atomism.htm
|accessdate=1 Abril 2014
|ref=harv
|archive-date=2014-07-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710140657/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/presocraticphiloso/p/Atomism.htm
|url-status=
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagin siyensya an Pesika sadton ''early modern Europe'' san paggamit nira san experimental ngan ''quantitative'' na ''methods'' para ma-diskobre an yana ginkokonsidera na ''[[laws of physics]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;benchaim2004&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Ben-Chaim|2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Klasikal na Pesika==
[[Paypay:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumbnail|Si Isaac Newton(1643-1727), na may dagko na kontribusyon sa Klasikal na Piseka, an 'universal gravitation' ngan 'laws of motion']]
Sakob sa Klasikal na pesika an mga tradisyonal na mga sanga sugad san ''[[mechanics]]'', ''[[acoustics]]'', ''[[optika|optics]]'', ''[[thermodynamics]]'', ngan ''[[electromagnetism]]''. Nanginginlabot an Klasikal na mechaniks san mga butang na nagkikiwa ngan ginpapakiwa san pwersa, ngan ginbabahin ini ngadto ha ''statics'', ''kinematics'', ngan ''dynamics''; Ginbabahin liwat an mechanics ngadto ha ''solid mechanics'' ngan ''fluid mechanics''. Sa fluid mechanics sakob an mga sanga na [[hydrostatics]], [[hydrodynamics]], [[aerodynamics]], ngan [[nyumatika|pneumatics]].

==Moderno na Pesika==

An moderno na pesika nagpapakita san iba na konsepto san ''space, time, ngan matter'' na prenesentar san klasikal na pesika. An duha na teoriya na nagdominar sa moderno na pesika amo an ''[[Quantum theory]]'' ngan ''special theory of relativity''. Sakob san moderno na pesika an [[quantum mechanics]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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|title=Matter and Motion
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite web
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|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]
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* {{Cite web
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|title=A History of Quantum Mechanics
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|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]
|date= Mayo 1996b
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|accessdate=1 Abril 2014
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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|author1link=Roger Penrose
|last2=Shimony
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|last3=Cartwright
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|last4=Hawking
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|author4link=Stephen Hawking
|title=[[The Large, the Small and the Human Mind]]
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
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* {{Cite book
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|authorlink=Roger Penrose
|title=[[The Road to Reality]]
| date = 2004
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* {{Cite book
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|title=Philosophy of Science
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* {{Cite book
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|title=My View of the World
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* {{Cite book
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|title=The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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|title=Early Astronomy
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* {{Cite book
|last=Toraldo Di Francia
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|title=The Investigation of the Physical World
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* {{Cite web
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* {{Cite book
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|last2=Freedman
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| date = 2014
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|title=[[University Physics|Sears and Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update]]
|publisher=[[Pearson Education]]
|isbn=978-1-29202-063-1
|ref=harv}}
&lt;/div&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wiktionary|physics}}
{{Wikibooks|Physics}}
{{Wikibooks|Physics Study Guide}}
{{Wikibooks|FHSST Physics}}
{{Wikisource portal|Physics}}
{{Wikiversity|Category:Physics|Physics}}

'''Kasahiran'''
&lt;!--Please do not post more links here, they will be taken down as link spam!!--&gt;
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia_of_physics Encyclopedia of Physics] at [[Scholarpedia]]
* de Haas, Paul, {{Wayback|url=http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/|title=Historic Papers in Physics (20th Century)|date=20090826083339}}
* [http://www.physicscentral.com/ PhysicsCentral] – Web portal run by the [http://www.aps.org/ American Physical Society]
* [http://www.physics.org/ Physics.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902123039/http://physics.org/ |date= 2 Septyembre 2004 }} – Web portal run by the [http://www.iop.org/ Institute of Physics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/ |date= 21 Mayo 2019 }}
* [http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/ ''The Skeptic's Guide to Physics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207124645/http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/ |date= 7 Pebrero 2016 }}
* [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ Usenet Physics FAQ] – A FAQ compiled by sci.physics and other physics newsgroups
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/ Website of the Nobel Prize in physics]
* [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/ World of Physics]  An online encyclopedic dictionary of physics
* [http://www.nature.com/naturephysics ''Nature'': Physics]
* [http://physics.aps.org/ Physics] announced 17 Hulyo 2008 by the [[American Physical Society]]
* {{dmoz|/Science/Physics/Publications/|Physics/Publications}}
* [http://physicsworld.com/ Physicsworld.com] – News website from [http://publishing.iop.org/ Institute of Physics Publishing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050838/http://publishing.iop.org/ |date= 12 Hulyo 2012 }}
* [http://physlib.com/ Physics Central] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624055123/http://physlib.com/ |date= 24 Hunyo 2013 }} – includes articles on astronomy, particle physics, and mathematics.
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/ The Vega Science Trust] – science videos, including physics
* [https://archive.org/details/JustinMorganPhysicsLightningTour/ Video: Physics &quot;Lightning&quot; Tour with Justin Morgan]
* [http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html 52-part video course: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322020457/http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html |date= 22 Marso 2013 }} Note: also available at [https://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025 01 – Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027101214/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025 |date= 27 Oktubre 2012 }} at [[Google Videos]]
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/hframe.html HyperPhysics website] – [[HyperPhysics]], a physics and astronomy mind-map from [[Georgia State University]]

'''Mga organisasyon'''
* [http://www.aip.org/index.html AIP.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012041319/http://www.aip.org/index.html |date= 12 Oktubre 2004 }} – Website of the [[American Institute of Physics]]
* [http://www.aps.org/ APS.org] – Website of the [[American Physical Society]]
* [http://www.iop.org/ IOP.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/ |date= 21 Mayo 2019 }} – Website of the [[Institute of Physics]]
* [http://planetphysics.org/ PlanetPhysics.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225121156/http://planetphysics.org/ |date= 25 Pebrero 2009 }}
* [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/ Royal Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050604075524/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/ |date=2005-06-04 }} – Although not exclusively a physics institution, it has a strong history of physics
* [http://www.spsnational.org/ SPS National] – Website of the [[Society of Physics Students]]


[[Kaarangay:Fisika| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Siyensyas Matematikas, Fisika ngan Naturales|Fisika]]</text>
      <sha1>sj4vx0y8k8891z87iyec2z80xr4scao</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Armenya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3576</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:29:31Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="20271" sha1="29q44yvpeb4ugr5dta575zm75yonve0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Repúblika han Armenya
| common_name                 = Armenya
| native_name                 = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|hy|Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն|italics=off}}|''Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun''}}
| image_flag                  = Flag of Armenia.svg
| image_coat                  = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg
| national_motto              = [[Talaan hin nasodnon nga mga darahonon|Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ]]&lt;br&gt;''Mek Azg, Mek Mshakouyt''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(&quot;Usá nga Nasod, Usá nga Kultura&quot;)}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=Armenia Guides And Maps - Armenia&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129205458/http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=armenia |date=2009-01-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_anthem             = [[Mer Hayrenik|Մեր Հայրենիք]]&lt;br /&gt;''Mer Hayrenik''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|(&quot;Aton Iroy nga Tuna&quot;)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Mer Hayrenik instrumental.ogg|center]]
| image_map                   = Armenia (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2                  = 
| capital                     = [[Yerevan]]
| coordinates                 = {{Coord|40|11|N|44|31|E|type:city}}
| largest_city                = capital
| official_languages          = [[Armenya nga pinulongan|Inarmenya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution of Armenia, Article 20|url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/|publisher=president.am|access-date=18 Enero 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102232/http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/|archive-date=23 Disyembre 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_languages          = 
| languages2_type             = 
| languages2_sub              = 
| languages2                  = 
| ethnic_groups               = {{Unbulleted list |98.1% [[Armenyo nga katawhan|Armenyo]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1.2% [[Mga Yazidis ha Armenya|Yazidi]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0.4% [[Mga Ruso ha Armenya|Ruso]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0.3% mga iba&lt;ref&gt;Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511044234/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf The Ethnic Minorities in Armenia]. Kabahin han [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511044234/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf Ginhipos nga kopya] ha [[WebCite]] (16 Abril 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ministry of Culture of Armenia [http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc &quot;The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010143439/http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |date=10 Oktubre 2017 }}. Sumala han pinakaurhe nga census han 2011. [http://mincult.am/national_minority.html &quot;National minority&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216082403/http://mincult.am/national_minority.html |date=16 Pebrero 2017 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups_year          = 2011
| religion                    = [[Singbahan Apostolika Armenya|Armenya nga Ortodoxiya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Article 18&quot;&gt;[https://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ Article 18 of the Constitution of Armenia]&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                     = [[Armenyo nga katawhan|Armenyo]]
| government_type             = [[Unitaryo nga estado|Unitaryo]] nga [[sistema parlamentarya|parlamentaryo]] nga [[republika]]
| leader_title1               = [[Mangulo han Armenya|Mangulo]]
| leader_name1                = [[Armen Sarkissian]]
| leader_title2               = [[Primer Ministro han Armenya|Primer Ministro]]
| leader_name2                = [[Nikol Pashinyan]]
| leader_title3               = [[Mangulo han Nasodnon nga Katitirok han Armenya|Mangulo han Nasodnon nga Katitirok]]
| leader_name3                = [[Ararat Mirzoyan]]
| legislature                 = [[Nasodnon nga Katitirok (Armenya)|Nasodnon nga Katitirok]]
| sovereignty_type            = Kaagi hin pagtukod
| established_event1          = [[Dinastiya Orontida]]
| established_date1           = ika-6 nga gatostuig BC
| established_event2          = [[Ginhadi-an han Darudako nga Armenya]] nahiusa ha ilarom han [[Dinastiya Artaxiada]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=de Laet |editor1-first=Sigfried J. |editor2-last=Herrmann |editor2-first=Joachim |title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-92-3-102812-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&amp;pg=PA128 128] |edition=1st |quote=''The ruler of the part known as Greater Armenia, Artaxias (Artashes), the founder of a new dynasty, managed to unite the country...''}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;
| established_date2           = 190 UC&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia Americana: Ankara to Azusa |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaamer02scho |url-access=registration |date=2005 |publisher=[[Scholastic Library Publishing]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaamer02scho/page/393 393] |quote=''It was named for Artaxias, a general of Antiochus the Great, who founded the kingdom of Armenia about 190 B.C.''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event3          = [[Arsacida nga dinastiya han Armenya|Arsacida nga dinastiya]]
| established_date3           = 52–428
| established_event4          = [[Bagratida nga Armenya]]
| established_date4           = 885–1045
| established_event5          = [[Armenyo nga Ginhadi-an han Cilicia|Ginhadi-an han Cilicia]]
| established_date5           = 1198–1375
| established_event6          = [[Syahan nga Republika han Armenya]] [[Deklarasyon hin Paglugaring han Armena (1918)|gindeklara]]
| established_date6           = &lt;br /&gt;28 Mayo 1918
| established_event7          = [[Adlaw hin Paglugaring (Armenya)|Paglugaring]] tikang han [[Unyon Sovyetika]]
| established_date7           = 21 Septyembre 1991
| area_km2                    = 29,743
| area_rank                   = ika-138
| area_sq_mi                  = 11,484 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water               = 4.71&lt;ref name=&quot;cia-fact&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The World Fact Book – Armenia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=17 Hulyo 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719074837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |archivedate=19 Hulyo 2010 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate         = {{UN_Population|Armenia}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census           = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 3,018,854&lt;ref name=&quot;Armenia information&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia |publisher=Armstat |accessdate=20 Pebrero 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144321/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |archive-date=10 Oktubre 2017 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;News.am&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info |access-date=24 Hunyo 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115837/http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |archive-date=26 Hunyo 2015 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
| population_estimate_year    = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_census_year      = 2011
| population_census_rank      = ika-134
| population_density_km2      = 101.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank     = ika-99
| GDP_PPP                     = {{nowrap|$32.893 ka bilyon&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2016&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=911&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=23 Pebrero 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
| GDP_PPP_year                = 2019
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $10,995&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal                 = {{nowrap|$13.444 ka bilyon&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;}}
| GDP_nominal_year            = 2019
| GDP_nominal_rank            = ika-127
| GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $4,527&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ika-104
| Gini                        = 34.4 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year                   = 2018
| Gini_change                 = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref                    = &lt;ref name=WB1&gt;{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AM |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Armenia |publisher= [[World Bank]] |accessdate=22 Marso 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181121041937/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AM |archive-date= 21 Nobyembre 2018 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank                   = 
| HDI                         = 0.760 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year                    = 2018 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change                  = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                     = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 Disyembre 2019|accessdate=10 Disyembre 2019|format=PDF|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523103905/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                    = ika-81
| currency                    = [[Armenyo nga dram|Dram]]&amp;nbsp;([[Armenian dram sign|֏]])
| currency_code               = AMD
| time_zone                   = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
| utc_offset                  = +4
| drives_on                   = tuo
| calling_code                = [[Mga numero hin telepono ha Armenya|+374]]
| cctld                       = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}}
| religion_year               = 
| today                       = 
}}
{{Coord|40|N|45|E|display=title}}
An '''Armenya''' o kundi man '''Armenia''' (&lt;small&gt;kaluwás ha Ininggles:&lt;/small&gt; {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Armenia.ogg|ɑr|ˈ|m|iː|n|i|ə}};&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/armenia?s=t Armenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210220614/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/armenia?s=t |date=10 Disyembre 2015 }}.&quot; Dictionary.com Unabridged. 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-hy|Հայաստան|translit=Hayastan}}, {{IPA-hy|hɑjɑsˈtɑn|IPA}}), nga tinatawag hin opisyal nga '''Repúblika han Armenya''' o '''Repúblika han Armenia''' ({{lang-hy|Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն|translit=Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun}}, {{IPA-hy|hɑjɑstɑˈni hɑnɾɑpɛtutʰˈjun|IPA}}), usá nga ginpalibutan hin tuna nga nasod ha [[Salatan nga Caucasus]] nga rehiyon han [[Eurasia]]. Nahamutáng iní ha [[Katundan nga Asya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=The CIA World Factbook 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xutfBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT5241| date = 2014|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|isbn=978-1-62914-903-5|page=5241}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;An [[UN]] [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm classification of world regions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020625192322/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |date=25 Hunyo 2002 }} nagbubutáng han Armenia ha Katundan nga Asya; an [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]] {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |title=Armenia |work=The World Factbook |publisher=[[CIA]] |accessdate=2 Septyembre 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010101707/https://cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |archivedate=10 Oktubre 2010 |url-status=live  }} {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=asia&amp;Rootmap=armeni&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w |title=Armenia |publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] |access-date=16 Abril 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808084113/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=asia&amp;Rootmap=armeni&amp;Mode=d&amp;SubMode=w |archive-date=8 Agosto 2007 |url-status=live  }}, {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35178/Armenia |title=Armenia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=16 Abril 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401081831/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35178/Armenia |archive-date=1 Abril 2009 |url-status=live  }}, {{cite book|title=Calendario Atlante De Agostini|date=2015|publisher=Istituto Geografico De Agostini|location=Novara|language=Initalyano|isbn=9788851124908|page=sub voce|edition=111}} ngan an ''Oxford Reference Online'' {{Cite journal |title=Oxford Reference |publisher=Oxford Reference Online |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001 | date = 2004 |isbn=9780199546091 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi00oxfo }} nagbubutáng gihapon han Armenia ha Asya.&lt;/ref&gt; ha [[Armenyano nga Kahigtas-an]], ginsasapitan iní han [[Turkeya]] ha katundan, han [[Georgia (nasod)|Georgia]] ha amihan, han ''de facto'' nga naglulugaríng nga [[Republika han Artsakh]] ngan han [[Aserbaiyan]] ha sidlangan, ngan han [[Iran]] ngan han kanan Aserbaiyan nga [[exclave]] han [[Autonomo nga Republika han Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ha salatan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-19-510507-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse/page/156 156]|via=|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse/page/156}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An Armenia usá nga unitaryo, multi-partido, demokratiko nga [[nasod nga estado|nasod nga estado]] nga mayda kahadto nga panurundon nga kultural. Gintukod an [[Urartu]] han 860 BC ngan han ika-6 nga gatostuig BC nasaliwanan iní han [[Satrapiya han Armenya]]. An [[Ginhadi-an han Armenya (kahadto)|Ginhadi-an han Armenya]] nakaabot han kahitas-an hiní ha ilarom ni [[Tigranes nga Harangdon]] dida han syahan nga gatostuig BC ngan nagin syahan nga estado han kalibotan nga naghimo han [[Kristyanidad]] nga amo an [[relihiyon hin estado|opisyal nga relihiyon]] han urhe nga ika-3 o kundi man han sayo nga ika-4 nga gatostuig AD.&lt;ref&gt;({{cite book |last=Garsoïan|first=Nina|authorlink=Nina Garsoïan|title=Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times|editor=R.G. Hovannisian|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]| date = 1997|page=81|volume=1}})&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Stringer|first=Martin D.|title=A Sociological History of Christian Worship|url=https://archive.org/details/sociologicalhist0000stri| date = 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-81955-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/sociologicalhist0000stri/page/92 92]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ha mga gurugutiay nga mga nasod nga nag-angkon hin uruuna nga opisyal nga pagpili han Kristyanidad, lakip hiní an [[Osroene]], an mga [[Silure]], ngan an [[San Marino]]. Kitaa an [[Linea hin panahon hin mga opisyal nga pagpili han Kristyanidad]].&lt;/ref&gt; An opisyal nga pagpili han estado han Kristyanidad amo an 301.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=René|last=Grousset|title=Histoire de l'Arménie|publisher=Payot| date = 1947|edition=1984|page=122}}. Mga ginbanabana nga mga pitsa nagkakadirudilain hin tikang 284 kutob 314. Garsoïan (''op.cit.'' p. 82), nagsunod nga research ni Ananian, napabor han uruurhe nga pitsa.&lt;/ref&gt; An kahadto nga Armenyo nga ginhadi-an natunga hin duhá nga bahin nga nahingadto han mga Imperyo [[Imperyo Bizantino|Bizantino]] ngan [[Sasaniano]] han mga sayo nga bahin han ika-5 nga gatostuig. Ha ilarom han [[Dinastiya Bagratuni]], an [[Bagratido  nga Ginhadi-a han Armenya]] nahibalik han ika-9 nga gatostuig. Nagluya iní tungod hin mga gera patok han mga Bizantino, nahulog an ginhadi-an han 1045 ngan hin sunod ginsulong an Armenya han mga [[Imperyo Seljuk|Seljuk nga mga Turko]]. Mayda prinsipado nga Armenyo ngan sunod usá nga ginhadian, an [[Armenyo nga Ginhadi-an han Cilicia|Ciliciano nga Armenya]] nga nahamutáng ha baybayon han [[Dagat Mediteraneo]] ha mga butnga han ika-11 ngan ika-14 nga mg gatostuig.

Han panahon tikang han ika-16 kutob han ika-19 nga mga gatostuig, an minat-an nga iroy nga tuna nga Armenyo nga nahihimo han [[Sidlangan nga Armenya]] ngan [[Katundan nga Armenya]] nahiilarom han pamuno han mga imperyo [[Imperyo Ottoman|Ottoman]] ngan [[Imperyo Persiano|Irani]], nga ginhadi-an hin binalikbalik hin bisan hain hiní nga duha ha mga nag-agi nga mga gatostuig. Ha mga ika-19 nga gatostuig, nalupig an Sidlangan nga Armenya han [[Imperyo Ruso]], samtang an kadam-an han katundan nga mga dapit han minat-an nga iroy nga tuna nga Armenya nagpabilin ha ilarom han Ottoman nga paghadi. Dida han [[Syahan nga Gera Pankalibotan]], an mga Armenyo nga nangungukoy dida han ira tuna hin katulinan ha Imperyo Ottoman sistematiko nga ginpuo dida han [[Armenyo nga Genosidyo]]. Han 1918, sunod han [[Rebolusyon Ruso]], tanan nga diri-Ruso nga mga nasod nagdeklara han ira paglugaríng katapos han kawaray han Imperyo Ruso, nga nagdangat han pagtukod han [[Syahan nga Republika han Armenya]]. Han 1920, nahilakip an estado ngadto han [[Republika Federal Sosyalista Sovietika han Transcaucasia]], ngan han 1922 iní nagin usá nga nagtukod nga api han [[Unyon Sovyetika]]. Han 1936, an estado Transcaucasianon ginwara, ngan an mga api nga konstituyente nga mga estado hií, upod an [[Republika Sosyalistika Sovyetika han Armenya]], ngadto hin bug-os nga [[Mga republika ha Unyon Sovyetika|mga republika han Unyon]]. An yana nga Republika han Armenya nahimo nga independyente dida han 1991 han [[pagkawara han Unyon Sovyetika]].

Ginkikilala han Armenya an [[Singbahan Armenya Apostolika]], an gimaihai nga nasodnon nga singbahan han kalibotan, nga amo an nangunguna nga establesido nga relihiyon han nasod.&lt;ref&gt;Mayda an republika [[pagbulag hin singbahan ngan estado]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Article 18&quot;/&gt; An nalalain nga [[Armenya nga abakadahan]] gin-imbento ni [[Mesrop Mashtoets]] han 405 AD.

Api an Armenya han [[Unyon Ekonomika Euroasyatika]], han [[Konseho han Europa]] ngan han [[Organisasyon han Kasabotan hin Seguridad Kolektiba]]. Gin-uugopan han Armenya an ''de facto'' nga naglulugaring nga republika han [[Republika han Artsakh|Artsakh]], nga ginpasamwak han 1991.

{| class=&quot;infobox bordered&quot; style=&quot;width: 250px; font-size: 95%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-----
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=&quot;lightsteelblue&quot; | Mga pagbahinbahin han Armenia
|-----
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Paypay:Armenia map numbered.svg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-----
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=&quot;lightsteelblue&quot; | Legend
|-----
| ''Map ref.'' || ''Pagbahinbahin hin&lt;br /&gt;pagdumara'' || ''Pamunuan&lt;br /&gt;han lalawigan''
|-----
| 1 || [[Aragatsotn (lalawigan)|Aragatsotn]] || [[Ashtarak]]
|-----
| 2 || [[Ararat (lalawigan)|Ararat]] || [[Artaxata|Artashat]]
|-----
| 3 || [[Armavir (lalawigan)|Armavir]] || [[Armavir, Armenia|Armavir]]
|-----
| 4 || [[Gegharkunik (lalawigan)|Gegharkunik]] || [[Gavar]]
|-----
| 5 || [[Kotayk (lalawigan)|Kotayk]] || [[Hrazdan]]
|-----
| 6 || [[Lori (lalawigan)|Lori]] || [[Vanadzor]]
|-----
| 7 || [[Shirak (lalawigan)|Shirak]] || [[Gyumri]]
|-----
| 8 || [[Syunik (lalawigan)|Syunik]] || [[Kapan]]
|-----
| 9 || [[Tavush (lalawigan)|Tavush]] || [[Ijevan]]
|-----
| 10 || [[Vayots Dzor (lalawigan)|Vayots Dzor]] || [[Yeghegnadzor]]
|-----
| 11 || [[Yerevan]] || –
|-----
|}

==Mga pinambasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga hulagway==
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Armenya&quot;&gt;
Yerevan-02-Mother Armenia-2019-gje.jpg|Yerevan
Garni-14-Tempel-von Norden-2019-gje.jpg|Garni
Vagharshapat-St Hripsime-10-2019-gje.jpg|Vagharshapat
Khor Virap-10-von oben-2019-gje.jpg|Khor Virap
Sevanavank-Muttergotteskirche-02-2019-gje.jpg|Sevanavank
Areni-1-Vogelhoehle-04-Eingang-2019-gje.jpg|Areni
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{clear}}

==Mga sumpay sa gawas==
{{Commons category|Armenia}}
* [http://www.armenica.org Armenica.org]


{{Asya}}

{{Europa}}


[[Kaarangay:Armenya| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Nasod]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ludwig van Beethoven</title>
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{{Infobox_Biyograpiya|
  ngaran=Ludwig van Beethoven|
  litrato=|
  surat han ladawan= | 
  petsa han katawo=[[Disyembre]], [[1770]] |
  lugar han katawo=[[Bonn]], [[Alemanya]] |
  petsa han kamatayan=[[Marso 26]], [[1827]] |
  lugar han kamatayan=[[Viena]], [[Austrya]]
}}
[[File:Beethoven.jpg|thumb|250px|Ludwig van Beethoven (Joseph Karl Stieler, 1820)]]
Hi '''Ludwig van Beethoven''' ([[pagbunyag|ginbunyagan]] [[Disyembre 17]], [[1770]] – [[Marso 26]], [[1827]]) usa nga [[Alemanya|Aleman]] nga [[kompositor]] ngan [[piano|pianista]].  Ginkikila hiya nga usa han mga gimaupayi nga kompositor hin  [[Europeo nga musika klasikal|musika klasikal]], ngan usa hiya nga importante nga persona han takna han pagbalhin nga nahabutnga han mga takna [[Klasikal nga musika nga era|Klasikal]] ngan [[Romantiko nga musika|Romantiko]] ha musika.  An iya kasikat ngan genius nag-inspirar ngan nag-aghat--ngan ha damo nga mga kaso nakapakulba--hin mga sumurunod nga mga henerasyon hin mga kompositor, musikero, ngan mga mananambong.

Natawo hiya ha [[Bonn]], [[Alemanya]], binmalhin ngadto ha [[Viena]], [[Austrya]], han mga una nga bahin han iya mga pagka-beynte, ngan didto inmukoy, nag-aram ha ilarom kan [[Joseph Haydn]] ngan dayon nga nagkamay-ada kasikat komo virtuoso nga pianista.  Han urhe nga bahin han iya mga pagka-baynte nagtikang an iya pagkabungol, bisan pa nagpadayon pa gihapon hiya paghimo hin mga kilalado nga mga obra maestra han bug-os  han iya kinabuhi ngaran sugad ini nga iya kakuri-an, bisan pa man han ka-absoluto an iya pagkabungol.  Nagtrabaho hiya komo ''freelance'' nga kompositor, pag-arreglo hin mga ''subscription'' nga mga konserto ngan ginsuporta hiya hin pira nga mga riko nga mga sponsor nga nagkita han iya mga abilidad nga extraordinaryo.


==Mga reperensya==

===Pinanbasaran===
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}

===Cited sources===
*Brandenburg, Sieghard (ed.): ''Ludwig van Beethoven: Briefwechsel. Gesamtausgabe''. 8 vols. Munich: Henle 1996.
*{{Cite book|last=Clive|first=Peter|title=Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/beethovenhisworl0000cliv|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-19-816672-9|ref=Clive}}
*{{Cite book|title=Beethoven|first=Barry|last=Cooper|authorlink=Barry Cooper (musicologist)|publisher=Oxford University Press US|year=2008|isbn=978-0-19-531331-4|ref=Cooper}}
*{{Cite book|first=Milton|last=Cross|author2=Ewen, David|title=The Milton Cross New Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music|url=https://archive.org/details/miltoncrossencyc01cros|publisher=Doubleday|year=1953|ref=Cross|oclc=17791083|location=Garden City, New Jersey|isbn=0-385-03635-3}}
*{{GroveOnline|Ludwig van Beethoven|Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G|19 May|2014}}
*{{Cite book|title=Beethoven: a documentary study|url=https://archive.org/details/beethovendocumen0000land_o8q3|ref=Landon|first=H. C. Robbins|last=Landon|authorlink=H. C. Robbins Landon|author2=Göllerich, August|publisher=Macmillan|year=1970|oclc=87180|isbn=0-02-567830-2}}
*{{Cite book|title=Beethoven: The Music And The Life|url=https://archive.org/details/beethovenmusican00lock|first=Lewis|last=Lockwood|authorlink=Lewis Lockwood|publisher=W. W. Norton|year=2003|ref=Lockwood|isbn=978-0-393-32638-3}}
*{{Cite journal|first=Michael|last=Lorenz|authorlink=Michael Lorenz (musicologist)|title=Die 'Enttarnte Elise'. Elisabeth Röckels kurze Karriere als Beethovens 'Elise'&quot;|journal=Bonner Beethoven-Studien|volume=9|year=2011|pages=169–190|url=http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/beethovens_elise/|language=de|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-date=2017-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429201226/http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/beethovens_elise/|url-status=}}
*{{Cite book|authorlink=Maynard Solomon|last=Solomon|first=Maynard|title=Beethoven|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780825672682|edition=2nd revised|location=New York|publisher=Schirmer Books|year=2001|isbn=0-8256-7268-6}}
*{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=Glenn (ed)|title=The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-58074-9|ref=Stanley}}
*{{cite journal | last1 = Steblin | first1 = Rita | authorlink = Rita Steblin | year = 2009 | title = 'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi | url = | journal = Bonner Beethoven-Studien | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = 89–152 }}
*Steblin, Rita (2014): &quot;Who was Beethoven’s 'Elise'? A new solution to the mystery.&quot; In: The Musical Times 155, pp.&amp;nbsp;3–39.
*{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=VQw5AAAAIAAJ|ref=Thayer1|title=The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven, Vol 1|first=A. W.|last=Thayer|authorlink=Alexander Wheelock Thayer|author2=Krehbiel, Henry Edward (ed, trans); Deiters, Hermann; Riemann, Hugo|publisher=The Beethoven Association|year=1921|oclc=422583}}
*{{Cite book|authorlink=Alexander Wheelock Thayer|last=Thayer|first=A. W.|first2=Elliot|last2=Forbes|authorlink2=Elliot Forbes|title=Thayer's Life of Beethoven (2 vols)|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1970|isbn=0-691-02702-1}}

===Iba nga pagkukuhaan===
&lt;!--This section is subject to cleanup for notability. Volumes have been written about Beethoven. Providing the most authoritative, scholarly, and accurate references is our responsibility.--&gt;
{{Div col|colwidth=35em}}
*[[Theodore Albrecht|Albrecht, Theodore]], and Elaine Schwensen, &quot;More Than Just Peanuts: Evidence for December&amp;nbsp;16 as Beethoven's birthday&quot;. ''The Beethoven Newsletter'' 3 (1988) 49, 60–63.
*Bohle, Bruce, and Robert Sabin. ''The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians.'' London: J.M. Dent &amp; Sons LTD, 1975. ISBN 0-460-04235-1.
*Davies, Peter J. ''The Character of a Genius: Beethoven in Perspective.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-31913-8.
*Davies, Peter J. ''Beethoven in Person: His Deafness, Illnesses, and Death.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001. ISBN 0-313-31587-6.
*[[Tia DeNora|DeNora, Tia]]. &quot;Beethoven and the Construction of Genius: Musical Politics in Vienna, 1792–1803&quot;. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995. ISBN 0-520-21158-8.
* Dorfmüller, Kurt; Gertsch, Norbert; Ronge, Julia (ed.). Ludwig van Beethoven. Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis. Revidierte und wesentlich erweiterte Neuausgabe des Werkverzeichnisses von Georg Kinsky und Hans Halm. 2 Vols. Munich: Henle, 2014. ISBN 978-3-87328-153-0.
*Geck, Martin. ''Beethoven''. Translated by Anthea Bell. London: Haus, 2003. ISBN 1-904341-03-9 (h), ISBN 1-904341-00-4 (p).
*Goldschmidt, Harry: ''All About Beethoven's Immortal Beloved. A Stocktaking.'' Transl. John E Klapproth. Charleston, SC: CreateSpace 2013
*{{Cite book
 | last = Hatten
 | first = Robert S.
 | year=1994
 | title = Musical Meaning in Beethoven
 | url = https://archive.org/details/musicalmeaningin0000hatt
 | publisher = Indiana University Press
 | location= Bloomington, IN
 | isbn = 0-253-32742-3}}
*Kornyei, Alexius. ''Beethoven in Martonvasar''. Verlag, 1960. OCLC Number: 27056305
*Kropfinger, Klaus. ''Beethoven''. Verlage Bärenreiter/Metzler, 2001. ISBN 3-7618-1621-9.
*Martin, Russell. ''Beethoven's Hair''. New York: Broadway Books, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7679-0350-9.
*{{cite journal | last1 = Meredith | first1 = William | year = 2005 | title = The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments | journal = The Beethoven Journal | volume = 20 | pages = 3–46 }}
*[[Edmund Morris (writer)|Morris, Edmund]]. ''Beethoven: The Universal Composer.'' New York: Atlas Books / HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-075974-7.
*[[Charles Rosen|Rosen, Charles]]. ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.'' Expanded ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998. ISBN 0-393-04020-8 (hc); ISBN 0-393-31712-9 (pb).
*{{Cite book|first=Harvey|last=Sachs|authorlink=Harvey Sachs|title=The Ninth: Beethoven and the World in 1824|url=https://archive.org/details/ninthbeethovenwo0000sach_l9g0|location=London|publisher=Faber|year=2010|isbn=978-0-571-22145-5}}
*[[Maynard Solomon|Solomon, Maynard]]. ''Late Beethoven: Music, Thought, Imagination.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. ISBN 0-520-23746-3.
*[[J. W. N. Sullivan|Sullivan, J. W. N.]], ''Beethoven: His Spiritual Development'' New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]], 1927.
*Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth: ''Beethoven and His &quot;Immortal Beloved&quot; Josephine Brunsvik. Beethoven and His &quot;Immortal Beloved&quot; Josephine Brunsvik.'' (transl. John E Klapproth). CreateSpace 2014.
{{Div col end}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Beethoven, Ludwig van}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Ludwig van Beethoven}}
*[http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php//portal_en Beethoven-Haus Bonn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412091048/http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php/portal_en |date=2017-04-12 }}, official website
*[http://www.sjsu.edu/beethoven/ The Ira F. Brilliant Center for ''Beethoven'' Studies], [http://www.sjsu.edu/beethoven/research/beethoven_gateway/ The Beethoven Gateway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419155541/http://www.sjsu.edu/beethoven/research/beethoven_gateway/ |date=2017-04-19 }} (San José State University)
* {{BBC composer page|beethoven|Beethoven}}
*{{Dmoz|Arts/Music/Composition/Composers/B/Beethoven%2C_Ludwig_van/}}
*{{gutenberg author | id=Ludwig_van_Beethoven | name=Ludwig van Beethoven}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Beethoven, Ludwig van}}
*{{ChoralWiki}}
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20%28subject%3A%22Beethoven%2C%20Ludwig%20van%2C%201770-1827%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Elgar%2C%20Edward%2C%201857-1934%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Edward%20Elgar%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ludwig%20van%20Beethoven%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ludwig%20van%20Beethoven%22%29 Works by or about Ludwig van Beethoven] at [[Internet Archive]] and [[Google Books]] (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
*{{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-107741}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beethoven, Ludwig van}}

[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Beethoven, Ludwig van]]
[[Kaarangay:Ludwig van Beethoven| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Musika|Beethoven, Ludwig van]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1770]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1827]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga bungol nga tawo]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga Aleman nga kompositor]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga Romantico nga kompositor]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga kompositor ha klasikal nga panahon]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga kompositor hin opera]]</text>
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[[File:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|right|thumb|Bandira han Valencia]]
[[File:Escut_de_València.svg|90px|right|thumb|Eskudo han Valencia]] 
[[File:Valencia, Spain - location.png|200px|thumb|Mapa nga nagpapakita kon hain nahamutang an Valencia]]
[[Paypay:Plaza del Ayuntamiento de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Valencia]]
An '''Valencia''' (ha Valenciano, '''València''') amo an kapital ngan gidako-i nga syudad han [[Comunidad Valenciana]] ngan han lalawigan han [[probinsya han Valencia]].  Amo in an ikatulo nga syudad ha importansya ngan ha populasyon ha [[Espanya]] ngan amo ini an ika-napulo-kag-lima ha [[Unyon Europea]]: 810,064 ka molupyo ha munisipyo ngan 1,738,690 ka molupyo ha [[area metropolitana han Valencia|area metropolitana]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|INE]] [[2008]]). Kilalado ini komo ''Cap i Casal'' ngan an ''Capital del Turia''. Nahamutang ini ha mga pangpang han salog han [[Turia]], ngan gintukod ini ha ngaran nga ''Valentia Edetanorum'' han tuig [[138 u. K.|138 ugsa kan Kristo]], han konsul Romano nga hi [[Décimo Junio Bruto Galaico]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Commonscat|Valencia}}

[[Category:Espanya]]</text>
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[[File:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|right|thumb|Bandira han Valencia]]
[[File:Escut_de_València.svg|90px|right|thumb|Eskudo han Valencia]] 
[[File:Valencia, Spain - location.png|200px|thumb|Mapa nga nagpapakita kon hain nahamutang an Valencia]]
[[Paypay:Plaza del Ayuntamiento de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Valencia]]
[[Paypay:Calle de Játiva, ciudad de Valencia (España).jpg|thumb|Calle Játiva, Valencia. ]]
An '''Valencia''' (ha Valenciano, '''València''') amo an kapital ngan gidako-i nga syudad han [[Comunidad Valenciana]] ngan han lalawigan han [[probinsya han Valencia]].  Amo in an ikatulo nga syudad ha importansya ngan ha populasyon ha [[Espanya]] ngan amo ini an ika-napulo-kag-lima ha [[Unyon Europea]]: 810,064 ka molupyo ha munisipyo ngan 1,738,690 ka molupyo ha [[area metropolitana han Valencia|area metropolitana]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|INE]] [[2008]]). Kilalado ini komo ''Cap i Casal'' ngan an ''Capital del Turia''. Nahamutang ini ha mga pangpang han salog han [[Turia]], ngan gintukod ini ha ngaran nga ''Valentia Edetanorum'' han tuig [[138 u. K.|138 ugsa kan Kristo]], han konsul Romano nga hi [[Décimo Junio Bruto Galaico]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Commonscat|Valencia}}

[[Category:Espanya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Enrico Fermi</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 3 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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{{Infobox scientist
|box_width
|name              = Enrico Fermi
|image             = Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg
|image_size        = 250px
|caption           = Enrico Fermi (1901–1954)
|birth_date        = {{Birth date|1901|9|29|df=y}}
|birth_place       = Rome, Italy
|death_date        = {{death date and age|1954|11|28|1901|9|29|df=y}}
|death_place       = Chicago, [[Illinois]], USA
|residence         = &lt;!--Not needed in this case--&gt;
|citizenship       = Italy  (1901–1954)&lt;br&gt;United States (1944–1954)
|nationality       = &lt;!--Not needed in this case--&gt;
|ethnicity         = &lt;!--Not needed in this case--&gt;
|fields            = [[Physics]]
|workplaces        = [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa|Scuola Normale Superiore]]&lt;br/&gt;[[University of Göttingen]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Leiden University]]&lt;br/&gt;[[University of Florence]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sapienza University of Rome]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Columbia University]]&lt;br/&gt;[[University of Chicago]]
|alma_mater        = [[Scuola Normale Superiore]]
|doctoral_advisor  = [[Luigi Puccianti]]
|academic_advisors =
|doctoral_students = [[Edoardo Amaldi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Owen Chamberlain]]&lt;br&gt;[[Geoffrey Chew]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mildred Dresselhaus]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jerome I. Friedman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Marvin Leonard Goldberger]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tsung-Dao Lee]] &lt;br&gt;[[Ettore Majorana]]&lt;br&gt;[[James Rainwater]]&lt;br&gt;[[Marshall Rosenbluth]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arthur H. Rosenfeld]]&lt;br&gt;[[Emilio Segrè]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jack Steinberger]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sam Treiman]]
|notable_students  = [[Richard Garwin]]&lt;/br&gt;[[Bruno Pontecorvo]]&lt;/br&gt;[[Leona Woods]]
|known_for         = New [[radioactive]] elements produced by [[neutron]] irradiation&lt;br&gt;Controlled [[nuclear chain reaction]], &lt;br&gt;[[Fermi–Dirac statistics]]&lt;br&gt;Theory of [[beta decay]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences        =
|influenced        = [[James Grier Miller]]
|awards            = [[Matteucci Medal]] (1926)&lt;/br&gt;[[Nobel Prize for Physics]] (1938)&lt;/br&gt;[[Hughes Medal]] (1942)&lt;br&gt;[[Franklin Medal]] (1947)&lt;/br&gt;[[Rumford Prize]] (1953)
|signature         = Enrico Fermi signature.svg
|spouse            = [[Laura Fermi]]
}}
Hi '''Enrico Fermi''' ([[Septyembre 29]], [[1901]] – [[Nobyembre 28]], [[1954]]) usa nga [[Italya]]no nga fisisita nga kilalado tungod han iya trabaho han paghimo han syahan nga [[nuclear reactor]], ngan tungod han iya mga amot han pagpadukwag ha [[Quantum mechanics|quantum nga teorya]], [[nuclear mga fisika|nuclear]] ngan [[particle nga fisika]], ngan [[statistical mechanics]]. Hi Fermi ginpremyohan han [[Premyo Nobel ha Fisika]] han 1938 tungod han iya trabaho ha larangan han ''[[induced radioactivity]]''.
[[File:Ragazzi di via Panisperna.jpg|thumb|Hi Enrio ngan iya mga mag-aaram]]
[[File:Fermi-Szilard Neutronic Reactor - Figure 37.png|thumb|Dibuho tikang ha Fermi–Szilárd &quot;neutronic reactor&quot; nga patente]]
[[File:Fermiac.jpg|thumb|An FERMIAC, usa ka analog nga gamit nga inimbento ni Enrico Fermi para igimplementar han pag-aram han pagbalhin hin neutron.]]

==Bibliograpiya==
* {{cite book |title=Introduzione alla Fisica Atomica |publisher=N. Zanichelli |location=Bologna |year=1928 |language=Italian |oclc=9653646 |authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |title=Fisica per i Licei |publisher=N. Zanichelli |location=Bologna |year=1929 |language=Italian |oclc=9653646 |authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |title=Molecole e cristalli |publisher=N. Zanichelli |location=Bologna |year=1934|language=Italian |oclc=19918218 |authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |title=Thermodynamics |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=New York |year=1937 |oclc=2379038|authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |title=Fisica per Istituti Tecnici |publisher=N. Zanichelli |location=Bologna |year=1938 |language=Italian |oclc= |authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |last2=Amaldi |first2=Edoardo |authorlink2=Edoardo Amaldi |title=Fisica per Licei Scientifici |publisher=N. Zanichelli |location=Bologna |year=1938|language=Italian |oclc= |authormask=1}}
* {{cite book |title=Elementary particles |url=https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic0000enri |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |year=1951 |oclc=362513 |authormask=1}}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga pagkukuhaan ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last=Alison |first=Samuel King |authorlink=Samuel King Allison |year=1957 |title=Enrico Fermi, 1901–1954 |journal=Biographical Memoir |volume=30 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |pages=125–155 |oclc=11772127 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Amaldi |first=Edoardo |authorlink=Edoardo Amaldi |contribution=Commemoration of the Academy Fellow Enrico Fermi |pages=23–35 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Amaldi |first=Ugo |contribution=Nuclear Physics from the Nineteen Thirties to the Present Day |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |pages=151–176 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=CITEREFAmaldi2001a }}
* {{cite book |last=Bertotti |first=Bruno|contribution=Fermi's Coordinates and the Principle of Equivalence |pages=115–125 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Bonolis |first=Luisa |contribution=Enrico Fermi's Scientific Work |pages=314–394 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Compton |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Compton |year=1956 |title=Atomic Quest |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |oclc=173307 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Dan |year=1999 |title=Enrico Fermi: And the Revolutions in Modern physics |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Enrico_Fermi.html?id=JK94sqLFsNsC |isbn=0-19-511762-X |oclc=39508200 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book  |last=Fermi |first=Enrico |contribution=The Future of Nuclear Physics |editor-last=Cronin |editor-first=J.W |year=2004 |title=Fermi Remembered |url=https://archive.org/details/fermiremembered0000unse |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=0-226-12111-9 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Fermi |first=Laura |authorlink=Laura Fermi |year=1954 |title=Atoms in the Family: My Life with Enrico Fermi |url=https://archive.org/details/atomsinfamily0000laur |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |oclc=537507 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hawkins |first=David |year=1961 |title=Manhattan District History: Project Y – The Los Alamos Project. Volume I: Inception until August 1945 |publisher=[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] |location=Los Alamos |id=LAMS 2532 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hoff |first=Richard|editor-last=Seaborg |editor-first=Glenn T  |pages=39–49 |contribution=Production of Eisteinium and Fermium in Nuclear Explosions |editor-link=Glenn T. Seaborg |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd.pdf |title=Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100 |date= 23 January 1978 |publisher=[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] |location=Los Alamos |id=Report LBL-7701 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Hewlett |first=Richard G. |authorlink=Richard G. Hewlett |last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |title=The New World, 1939–1946 |location=University Park|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1962
|url=http://www.governmentattic.org/5docs/TheNewWorld1939-1946.pdf|isbn=0-520-07186-7|oclc=637004643 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Hewlett|first=Richard G.|last2=Duncan|first2=Francis|title=Atomic Shield, 1947–1952|series=A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|location=University Park|year=1969|isbn=0-520-07187-5|oclc=3717478|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hey |first=Anthony J. G. |authorlink=Tony Hey |first2=Patrick |last2=Walters |year=2003 |title=The new quantum universe |url=https://archive.org/details/newquantumuniver0000heya |location=Cambridge, U.K. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn= 978-0-521-56418-2 |oclc=50252084 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Holl |first=Jack M. |last2=Hewlett |authorlink2=Richard G. Hewlett |first2=Richard G. |last3=Harris |first3=Ruth R. |title=Argonne National Laboratory, 1946–96 |url=https://archive.org/details/argonnenationall0000holl |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-252-02341-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hucke |first=Matt |first2=Ursula |last2=Bielski |title=Graveyards of Chicago: The People, History, Art, and Lore of Cook County Cemeteries |url=https://archive.org/details/graveyardsofchic0000huck |location=Chicago |publisher=Lake Claremont Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-9642426-4-8 |oclc=42849992 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Jacob|first=Maurice|first2=Luciano|last2=Maiani|contribution=The Scientific Legacy of Fermi in Particle Physics |pages=241–270 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Eric M. |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/la-10311-ms.pdf |title=&quot;Where is Everybody?&quot;, An Account of Fermi's Question |publisher=[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] |location=Los Alamos |id=LA-10311-MS |date=March 1985 |oclc=4434691994 |ref=CITEREFJones1985a }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629174738/http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/la-10311-ms.pdf |date=2007-06-29 }}
* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Vincent |title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1985 |oclc=10913875 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Persico|first=Enrico |authorlink=Enrico Persico |contribution=Commemoration of Enrico Fermi |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |pages=36–44 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Rhodes |first= Richard |authorlink = Richard Rhodes | year = 1986 | title = The Making of the Atomic Bomb | url = https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rich |location=New York | publisher = Simon &amp; Schuster | isbn=978-0-684-81378-3 |oclc=13793436 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Ricci|first=Renato Angelo |contribution=Fermi's Last Lessons |pages=286–313 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Salvini|first=Giorgio |contribution=Enrico Fermi: His Life and Comment on his Work |pages=1–20 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Salvetti|first=Carlo|contribution=The Birth of Nuclear Energy: Fermi's Pile |pages=177–203 |editor-last=Bernardini |editor-first=C. |editor2-first=Luisa |editor2-last=Bonolis |year=2001 |title=Enrico Fermi: His Work and Legacy |location=Bologna |publisher=Società Italiana di Fisica: Springer |isbn=88-7438-015-1  |oclc=56686431 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Seaborg |first=Glenn T. |authorlink=Glenn T. Seaborg |editor-last=Seaborg |editor-first=Glenn T  |pages= 1–3 |contribution=Introductory Remarks |editor-link=Glenn T. Seaborg |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd.pdf |title=Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100 |date= 23 January 1978 |publisher=[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] |location=Los Alamos |id=Report LBL-7701 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Segrè |first=Emilio |authorlink=Emilio Segrè |title=Enrico Fermi, Physicist |year=1970 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=0-226-74473-6 |oclc=118467 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Snow |first=C. P. |authorlink=C. P. Snow |year=1981 |title=The Physicists: A Generation that Changed the World |publisher=Little Brown |location=Boston |isbn=1-84232-436-5 |oclc=7722354 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Von Baeyer |first=H. C. |title=The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science |url=https://archive.org/details/fermisolutioness0000vonb_q9y8 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |year=1993 |isbn=0-679-40031-1 |oclc=27266040 |ref=harv }}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0044&amp;numPages=51&amp;fp=N &quot;The First Reactor: 40th Anniversary Commemorative Edition&quot;], [[United States Department of Energy]], (December 1982).
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1938/ Nobel prize page for the 1938 physics' prize]
* [http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/firstpile/index.shtml The Story of the First Pile]
* [http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/ Enrico Fermi's Case File] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330180911/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/ |date=2008-03-30 }} at The Franklin Institute with information about his contributions to theoretical and experimental physics.
* [http://www.aps.org/units/fhp/meetings/april10/j1.cfm &quot;Remembering Enrico Fermi&quot;]. Session J1. APS April Meeting 2010, American Physical Society.
* [http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/fermi.html Time 100: Enrico Fermi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514074416/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/fermi.html |date=2009-05-14 }} by [[Richard Rhodes]] 29 March 1999
*[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/nuclear-history-documents/ The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project] or NPIHP is a global network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of international nuclear history through archival documents, oral history interviews and other empirical sources.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fermi, Enrico}}
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Fermi, Enrico]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1901]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1954]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6553" sha1="i1091y031obk1dbcxzdcomuk047g9k4" xml:space="preserve">An '''sine''' (tikang ha [[Kinatsila]]: '''cine''' nga halipot han pulong nga '''cinematografía''') amo an teknika nga nahihimo han pagproyektar hin hulagway o ''fotograma'' hin madagmit nga porma ngan sunod-sunod nga nakahimo han impresyon hin pagkiwa nga ginpapakita hin salida nga video o pelikula o film. An konsepto han sine tinatawag ha [[Iningles]] nga '''film'''. Ini nga pulong naglalakip hin mga salida hin nakiwa nga mga litrato, an larangan han sine komo forma hin arte, ngan an ''motion picture'' nga industriya. Ginhihimo an mga film pinaagi hin pagrekord hin mga hulagway tikang han kalibutan pinaagi hin mga kamera, o paghimo hin mga hulagway nga nagamit hin mga tekniko ha ''animation'' o ''special effect''.

An pulong nga &quot;cine&quot; ha Kinatsila (nga ha Winaray &quot;sinehan&quot;) amo an tawag gihapon han mga lugar o tyatro nga diin ginpapasalida in mga pelikula. An pulong nga &quot;cine&quot; mismo tikang han [[Griyego nga yinaknan|Griyego]] nga &quot;kiné&quot;, nga nangangahulogan nga &quot;kiwa&quot;.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|33em}}
* {{Cite book|author=Acker, Ally|title=Reel Women: Pioneers of the Cinema, 1896 to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/reelwomenpioneer00acke|location=New York|publisher=Continuum|year=1991|isbn=0-8264-0499-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Basten, Fred E.|title=Glorious Technicolor: The Movies' Magic Rainbow|url=https://archive.org/details/glorioustechnico0000bast|location=Cranbury, NJ|publisher=AS Barnes &amp; Company|year=1980|isbn=0-498-02317-6}}
* {{Cite video |people=Basten, Fred E. (writer); Peter Jones (director and writer); Angela Lansbury (narrator)|date=1998 |title=Glorious Technicolor |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0274530/ |medium=Documentary |publisher=Turner Classic Movies }}
* {{Cite book|author=Casetti, Francesco|authorlink=Francesco Casetti|title=Theories of Cinema, 1945–1995|url=https://archive.org/details/theoriesofcinema0000case|location=Austin, TX|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=1999|isbn=0-292-71207-3}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cook, Pam|authorlink=Pam Cook|title=The Cinema Book, Third Edition|url=https://archive.org/details/cinemabookedbypa0000unse|location=London|publisher=British Film Institute|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84457-193-2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Faber, Liz, &amp; Walters, Helen|title=Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940|url=https://archive.org/details/animationunlimit0000fabe|location=London|publisher=Laurence King, in association with Harper Design International |year=2003|isbn=1-85669-346-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Hagener, Malte, &amp; Töteberg, Michael|title=Film: An International Bibliography|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Metzler|year=2002|isbn=3-476-01523-8 }}
* {{Cite book|author=Hill, John, &amp; Gibson, Pamela Church|title=The Oxford Guide to Film Studies|location=Oxford; New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn=0-19-871124-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=King, Geoff|title=New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/newhollywoodcine00king_0|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-231-12759-6}}
* {{Cite book|author=Ledoux, Trish, &amp; Ranney, Doug, &amp; [[Fred Patten|Patten, Fred]]|title=Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Film Directory and Resource Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/completeanimegui0000ledo_f8d6|location=Issaquah, WA|publisher=Tiger Mountain Press|year=1997|isbn=0-9649542-5-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Merritt, Greg|title=Celluloid Mavericks: A History of American Independent Film|url=https://archive.org/details/celluloidmaveric00merr|location=New York|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|year=2000|isbn=1-56025-232-4 }}
* {{Cite book|author=Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|location=Oxford; New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=0-19-874242-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Rocchio, Vincent F.|title=Reel Racism: Confronting Hollywood's Construction of Afro-American Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/reelracismconfro0000rocc_y4i2|location=Boulder, CO|publisher=Westview Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8133-6710-7}}
* {{Cite journal|author=[[Paul Schrader|Schrader, Paul]]|date=Spring 1972| title = Notes on Film Noir|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_film-comment_spring-1972_8_1/page/8| journal = Film Comment| volume =  8| issue =  1| pages= 8–13| issn=0015-119X }}
* {{Cite video |people=Schultz, John (writer and director); James Earl Jones (narrator)|date=1995 |title=The Making of 'Jurassic Park' |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0256908/ |medium=Documentary |publisher=Amblin Entertainment }}
* {{Cite book|author=Thackway, Melissa|title=Africa Shoots Back: Alternative Perspectives in Sub-Saharan Francophone African Film|url=https://archive.org/details/africashootsback0000thac|location=Bloomington, IL|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-85255-576-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Vogel, Amos|authorlink=Amos Vogel|title=[[Film as a Subversive Art]]|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year=1974|isbn=0-394-49078-9 }}
{{Refend}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Burton, Gideon O., and Randy Astle, jt. eds. (2007). &quot;Mormons and Film&quot;, entire special issue, ''B.Y.U. Studies'' (Brigham Young University), vol. 46 (2007''), no. 2. 336 p., ill. ISSN 0007-0106
* [[George Hickenlooper|Hickenlooper, George]] (1991). ''Reel [sic] Conversations: Candid Interviews with Film's Foremost Directors and Critics'', in series, ''Citadel Press Book[s]''. New York: Carol Publishing Group. xii, 370 p. ISBN 0-8065-1237-7
* [[David Thomson (film critic)|Thomson, David]] (2002). ''[[The New Biographical Dictionary of Film]]''. 4th ed. New York: A.A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41128-3

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links}}
&lt;!--Links ordered alphabetically--&gt;
&lt;!--NEW LINKS SHOULD NOT BE ADDED WITHOUT PRIOR DISCUSSION ON TALK PAGE AND WILL BE DELETED OTHERWISE--&gt;
{{Wikinewshas|related '''[[n:Portal:Film|Film news]]'''}}
{{Library resources box 
|by=no 
|onlinebooks=no 
|others=no 
|about=yes 
|label=Film }}
* [http://www.allmovie.com Allmovie]&amp;nbsp;– Information on films: actors, directors, biographies, reviews, cast and production credits, box office sales, and other movie data.
* [http://www.filmsite.org Film Site]&amp;nbsp;– Reviews of classic films
* {{dmoz|Arts/Movies/|Movies}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com Rottentomatoes.com]&amp;nbsp;– Movie reviews, previews, forums, photos, cast info, and more.
* [http://imdb.com/ The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)]&amp;nbsp;– Information on current and historical films and cast listings.

[[Kaarangay:Sine| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Arte]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bangkok</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="26473" sha1="nu5dg69uy9rxp7es6fdivtdt0sp26fl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Bangkok
|other_name              =
|native_name             = {{nobold|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}&lt;br&gt;Krung Thep Maha Nakhon
|native_name_lang        = th
|settlement_type         = Pinaurog nga lugar hin pagdumara
|image_skyline           = Bangkok montage 3.jpg
|image_alt               = A composite image, consisting of the following, in clockwise fashion: a skyline with several skyscrapers; a tall gate-like structure, painted in red; a monument featuring bronze figures standing around the base of an obelisk, surrounded by a large traffic circle; a cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon on one side of the river it spans; a temple with a large stupa surrounded by four smaller ones on a river bank; and a stately building with a Thai-style roof with three spires
|image_caption           = Tipatuo tikang ha igbaw: [[Si Lom]]–[[Sathon]] nga distrito hin negosyo, an [[Dako nga Swing]], [[Monumento hin Kadaugan (Bangkok)|Monumento hin Kadaugan]], [[Rama VIII nga Tulay]], [[Wat Arun]], ngan an [[Gran Palasyo]]
|image_flag              = Flag of Bangkok.svg
|flag_alt                = A green rectangular flag with the seal of Bangkok in the centre
|image_seal              = Seal Bangkok Metropolitan Admin (green).svg
|seal_alt                = A round seal bearing the image of Indra riding Airavata among clouds, with the words &amp;quot;Krung Thep Maha Nakhon&amp;quot; (in Thai) across the top
|nickname                =
|image_map               = Thailand Bangkok locator map.svg
|mapsize                 = 142px
|map_alt                 = Map of Thailand, with a small highlighted area near the centre of the country, near the coast of the Gulf of Thailand
|map_caption             = Kahamutang ha sulod han Thailand
|coordinates             = {{coord|13|45|09|N|100|29|39|E|region:TH-10|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   =&lt;ref name=&quot;BMA geo&quot;/&gt;
|subdivision_type        = Nasod
|subdivision_name        = [[Thailand]]
|subdivision_type2       = [[Mga rehiyon han Thailand|Rehiyon]]
|subdivision_name2       = [[Butnga nga Thailand]]
|established_title       = Ginpanimungto
|established_date        = c. ika-15 nga gatostuig
|established_title2      = Gintukod nga pamunuan
|established_date2       = 21 Abril 1782
|established_title3      = Gin-inkorporar hin otro
|established_date3       = 13 Disyembre 1972
|founder                 = Hadi [[Buddha Yodfa Chulalok|Rama I]]
|seat_type               = Nagdudumara nga Lawas
|seat                    = [[Bangkok nga Metropolitano nga Administrasyon]]
|government_footnotes    =
|government_type         = [[Pinaurog nga lugar hin pagdumara (Thailand)|Pinaurog nga lugar hin pagdumara]]
|leader_party            =
|leader_title            = [[Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|Gobernador]]
|leader_name             = [[Aswin Kwanmuang]]
&lt;!-- display settings  ---------&gt;
|total_type              = Syudad
|unit_pref               = Metric
&lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --&gt;
&lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
|area_footnotes          =&lt;ref name=&quot;BMA geo&quot;/&gt;
|area_urban_footnotes    = &lt;!-- --&gt;
|area_rural_footnotes    = &lt;!-- --&gt;
|area_metro_footnotes    =&lt;ref name=&quot;Tangchonlatip&quot;/&gt;
|area_magnitude          = &lt;!-- --&gt;
|area_note               =
|area_water_percent      =
|area_rank               =
|area_blank1_title       =
|area_blank2_title       =
&lt;!-- square km --&gt;
|area_total_km2          = 1568.737
|area_land_km2           =
|area_water_km2          =
|area_urban_km2          =
|area_rural_km2          =
|area_metro_km2          = 7761.6
|area_blank1_km2         =
|area_blank2_km2         =
|length_km               =
|width_km                =
|dimensions_footnotes    =
|elevation_footnotes     =&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinsakul&quot;/&gt;
|elevation_m             = 1.5
|population_footnotes    =&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 census 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The 2010 Population and Housing Census: Whole Kingdom|chapter=Table 1 Population by sex, household by type of household, changwat and area|chapter-url=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf|publisher=National Statistical Office|website=popcensus.nso.go.th|accessdate=5 Enero 2019|date=2012|=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312075524/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf |date=2019-03-12 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf |access-date=19 Nobyembre 2019 |archive-date=12 Marso 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312075524/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/report/WholeKingdom_T.pdf |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total        = 8305218
|population_metro        = 14626225
|population_as_of        = 2010 nga census
|population_density_km2  = auto
|population_density_metro_km2 = auto
|population_demonym      = Bangkoknon
|demographics1_title1    = HDI
|demographics1_info1     = 0.943&amp;nbsp;(&lt;span style=&quot;color:#090;&quot;&gt;very high&lt;/span&gt;) ([[Mga lalawigan han Thailand|Syahan]])|population_note         =
|timezone1               = [[Oras Thailand|ICT]]
|utc_offset1             = +07:00
|postal_code_type        = Kodigo postal
|postal_code             = 10###
|area_code_type          =
|area_code               = 02
|iso_code                = TH-10
|website                 = {{url|www.bangkok.go.th}}
|footnotes               =
}}
An '''Bangkok'''{{efn|1={{IPAc-en|UKlang|b|æ|ŋ|'|k|ɒ|k}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bangkok|title=Bangkok|website=British and World English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries|accessdate=4 Agosto 2017|archive-date= 14 Disyembre 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214122312/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bangkok|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=collins/&gt; {{IPAc-en|USlang|'|b|æ|ŋ|k|ɒ|k}}&lt;ref name=collins&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of &quot;Bangkok&quot;|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bangkok|website=Collins English Dictionary (online)|publisher=HarperCollins|accessdate=26 Marso 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bangkok|title=Bangkok|website=US English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries|accessdate=4 Agosto 2017|archive-date= 14 Disyembre 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214121707/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bangkok|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} amo an pamunuan o kapital ngan gidamo-i hin molupyo nga syudad han [[Thailand]]. Kilalado ini ha [[Thai nga pinulungan|Thai]] nga '''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'''{{efn|1={{lang|th|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}, {{IPA-th|krūŋ tʰêːp mahǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn|pron|Th-Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.ogg}}}} o kun ha halipot '''Krung Thep'''.{{efn|1={{Audio|Th-Krung Thep.ogg|Thai nga pagluwás}}}} Na-okupa an syudad hin {{convert|1568.7|km2}} ha delta han [[Salog Chao Phraya]] ha [[butnga nga Thailand]], ngan mayda ini kamolupyohan nga walo ka milyon, o 12.6 ka porsyento han kamolupyohan han nasod. Mga labaw hin katorse ka milyon nga tawo (22.2 percent) nangungukoy ha sakob han nagpapalibot nga [[Metropolitano nga Rehiyon han Bangkok]] han 2010 nga census, nga diin nahihimo an Bangkok nga amo an [[nangunguna nga syudad]] han nasod, nga labaw pa kaysa han iba nga mga sawang han Thailand ha pagka-importante.

==Ngaran==
Diri klaro kun diin gintikangan han ngaran nga ''Bangkok'' ({{lang|th|บางกอก}}, nga ginluluwás ha Thai nga {{IPA-th|bāːŋ kɔ̀ːk||Th-Bangkok.ogg}}). It ''Bang'' usá nga Thai nga púlong nga nangangahulogán nga 'usá nga baranggay ha may sapâ',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|script-title=th:พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒ |trans-title=Royal Institute Dictionary, B.E. 1999 (online edition)|url=http://rirs3.royin.go.th/word24/word-24-a3.asp |publisher=Royal Institute |language=Thai |accessdate=12 Septyembre 2012 |url-status             = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112051933/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/word24/word-24-a3.asp |archivedate=12 Nobyembre 2013 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan an ngaran bangin ginkuhà tikang han ''Bang Ko'' ({{lang|th|บางเกาะ}}), nga diin an ''ko'' nangangahulogán nga 'purô', tikang han katubigon nga kalibungan han syudad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tipawan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Chandrashtitya|first1=Tipawan|script-title=th:ประวัติเมืองธนบุรี |trans-title=History of Thonburi City|url=http://dit.dru.ac.th/home/012/attractions_history.html|website=Arts &amp; Cultural Office|publisher=Dhonburi Rajabhat University|accessdate=11 Disyembre 2011|first2=Chiraporn |last2=Matungka|language=Thai |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713001017/http://dit.dru.ac.th/home/012/attractions_history.html|archivedate=13 Hulyo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mayda liwat laín nga teorya nga nasiring nga usá ini nga pagpahalipot han ''Bang Makok'' ({{lang|th|บางมะกอก}}), nga diin it ''makok'' amo an ngaran han ''[[Elaeocarpus hygrophilus]]'', usá nga tanom nga nagbubunga hin baga-hin-oliva nga bunga.{{efn|Duhá nga tanom tinatawag ha Thai ha ngaran nga ''makok'': ''E. hygrophilus'' (''makok nam'', &quot;tubig nga ''makok''&quot;) ngan ''[[Spondias pinnata]]'' (''makok pa'', &quot;kagurangan nga ''makok''&quot;). An espesye nga nátúbò dida nga lugar posible an ''makok nam''.}} Ginsusuporta ini han kasanhi nga ngaran han [[Wat Arun]], usá nga makasaysayan nga templo dida nga hiní nga lugar, nga gintawag anay nga ''Wat Makok''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |first=Sujit |last=Wongthes |authorlink=Sujit Wongthes |script-title=th:กรุงเทพฯ มาจากไหน? |trans-title=Bangkok: A Historical Background |isbn=9786167686004 | date = 2012 |publisher=Dream Catcher |location=Bangkok |url=http://www.sujitwongthes.com/2012/03/nonfiction2555-1/ |language=Thai |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 Hunyo 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217125517/http://www.sujitwongthes.com/2012/03/nonfiction2555-1/ |archive-date=17 Disyembre 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |page=37 |=http://www.sujitwongthes.com/2012/03/nonfiction2555-1/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinatáwag hin opisyal an bungto nga ''Thonburi Si Mahasamut'' ({{lang|th|ธนบุรีศรีมหาสมุทร}}, tikang han [[Pali]] ngan [[Sanskrit]] nga mga pinulongan, nga diin an literal nga kahulogan 'syudad hin mga bahandi nga nagpapadayaw han kalawdan') o kundi man ''Thonburi'', sumala han ''[[Ayutthaya nga Mga Kronika]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang Derm-Thonburi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|script-title=th:สาระน่ารู้กรุงธนบุรี |trans-title=Interesting facts about the city of Thonburi |url=http://www.wangdermpalace.org/thonburi/index_thai.html |website=Phra Racha Wang Derm|publisher=Phra Racha Wang Derm Restoration Foundation |accessdate=11 Disyembre 2011 |language=Thai |url-status             = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302033915/http://www.wangdermpalace.org/thonburi/index_thai.html |archivedate=2 Marso 2012 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; An ''Bangkok'' posible impormal nga ngaran, bisan man kun ini usá nga agsob gamiton hin mga langyawanon nga mga bisita, nga nagpadayon paggamit hini nga ngaran hin pagtudlok han syudad bisan man ha panahon katapos han pagtukod han pamunuan.

Han pagtukod ni Hadi Rama I han iya bag-o nga pamunuan dida han sinirangan nga pangpang han salog, na-ereder han syudad an ngaran hin panseremonyas han  Ayutthaya, nga diin mayda damo nga mga kalain nga bersyon, upod hini an ''Krung Thep Thawarawadi Si Ayutthaya'' ({{lang|th|กรุงเทพทวารวดีศรีอยุธยา}}) ngan ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya'' ({{lang|th|กรุงเทพมหานครศรีอยุธยา}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Chanchai&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Phakathikhom |first=Chanchai |script-title=th:นามพระนคร &quot;ศรีอยุธยา&quot; มาแต่ไหน |journal=Senathipat | date = 2005 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=114–123 |url=http://cdsd-rta.net/images/stories/valasan/valsan%20y54%20b3%20year2548/155403.pdf |accessdate=31 Hulyo 2013 |trans-title=What were the origins of the capital name &quot;Si Ayutthaya&quot;? |language=Thai |issn=0857-3891 |archive-date= 20 Oktubre 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020085443/http://www.cdsd-rta.net/images/stories/valasan/valsan%20y54%20b3%20year2548/155403.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi [[Edmund Roberts (diplomat)|Edmund Roberts]], nagbisita han syudad komo usá nga gintugon han Estados Unidos han 1833, ngan nakita niya nga an syudad, tikang han kahimo hiní nga pamunuan, gintatawag nga ''Sia-Yut'hia'', ngan iní an ngaran nga gingamit ha mga internasyonal nga mga kasabotan hini nga panahon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roberts&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last= Roberts|first= Edmund |authorlink= Edmund Roberts (diplomat)|title= Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat: in the U. S. sloop-of-war Peacock during the years 1832–3–4|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/?id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ|date= 1837|origyear= 1837|publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers|oclc=12212199 |page=image 288|chapter= Chapter XVIII —City of Bang-kok|accessdate= 5 Abril 2013
|quote= ''The spot on which the present capital stands, and the country in its vicinity, on both banks of the river for a considerable distance, were formerly, before the removal of the court to its present situation called Bang-kok; but since that time, and for nearly sixty years past, it has been named Sia yuthia, (pronounced See-ah you-tè-ah, and by the natives, Krung, that is, the capital;) it is called by both names here, but never Bang-kok; and they always correct foreigners when the latter make this mistake. The villages which occupy the right hand of the river, opposite to the capital, pass under the general name of Bang-kok.'' (An lugar nga diin nahamutang an yanâ nga pamunuan, ngan an nasod ha palibot ha duha nga pangpang han salog hin dakulaay nga distansya, gintawag anay, ugsa igbalhin an korte ngadto han yana nga lugar, nga Bang-kok; kundi tikang hadto nga panahon ngan hin mga haros kaunman ka tuig nga naglabay, gintawag iní nga Sia  yuthia, (giluluwas nga See-ah you-tè-ah, ngan tinatawag han mga tuminungnung nga Krung, nga buot sidngon, an pamunuan;) gintatawag ini han duha nga ngaran dinhi, kundi diri Bang-kok; ngan ira pirme ginsasakto it mga taga-langyaw kun mayda man ha ira naghihimo hiní nga sayop. An mga baranggay nga nahamutang ha tuo nga dapit han salog, tabok han pamunuan, gintatawag ha ngaran hin kasahiran nga Bang-kok.)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yanâ, tinatawag it syudad ha Thai nga ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' (กรุงเทพมหานคร) o kundi man ''Krung Thep'' (กรุงเทพฯ), usá nga pagpahalipot han ngaran hin panseremonyas nga gintikangan paggamit han paghadi ni Hadi Mongkut. An bug-os nga ngaran naipapahayag hin sugad:{{efn|Bisan man kun iní nga ngaran hin panseremoyas gintutuohan hin kadam-an, sumala han mga ginsurat han Somdet Phra Wannarat (Kaeo), nga ginhatag anay ni Hadi Rama I ngan ginliwa ha urhe ni Hadi Mongkut, waray iní gamita tubtob han paghadi ni Hadi Mongkut.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chanchai&quot;/&gt;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;200 years&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Committee for the Rattanakosin Bicentennial Celebration|title=จดหมายเหตุการอนุรักษ์กรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ |trans-title=Rattanakosin City conservation archives|publisher=Department of Fine Arts| date = 1982}} Ginpahayag hin utro ha {{Cite web|title=กว่าจะมาเป็นกรุงเทพฯ |trans-title=The path to become Bangkok |url=http://203.155.220.230/info/passbkk/frame.asp |publisher=BMA Data Center |accessdate=1 Agosto 2012 |url-status             = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219220002/http://203.155.220.230/info/passbkk/frame.asp |archivedate=19 Disyembre 2014 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{listen|filename=Th-Bangkok ceremonial name.ogg|title=Bug-os nga ngaran hin panseremonyas}}{{quote|Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit{{efn|Iní nga ngaran hin panseremonyas nagamit hin duhá nga kahadto nga mga Indyano nga mga pinulungan, [[Pāli]] ngan [[Sanskrit]], nga ginpaunahan hin uusá là nga Thai nga pulong, ''Krung'', nga nangangahulogan nga 'pamunuan'. Sumala han pagromanisar hiní nga mga pinulungan, puyde iní mahisurat nga ''[[wikt:กรุง#Thai|Krung]]-[[wikt:देव#Sanskrit|dēva]][[wikt:महा#Sanskrit|mahā]][[wikt:नगर#Sanskrit|nagara]] [[wikt:अमर#Sanskrit|amara]][[wikt:रत्न#Sanskrit|ratana]]kosindra [[wikt:महा#Sanskrit|mah]][[wikt:इन्द्र#Sanskrit|indr]][[wikt:अयोध्या#Sanskrit|āyudhyā]] [[wikt:महा#Sanskrit|mahā]][[wikt:तिलक#Sanskrit|tilaka]][[wikt:भाव#Sanskrit|bhava]] [[wikt:नव#Numeral 2|nava]][[wikt:रत्न#Sanskrit|ratana]][[wikt:राजा#Sanskrit|rāja]][[wikt:धानी#Sanskrit|dhānī]] [[wikt:पुरी#Sanskrit|purī]][[wikt:रम्य#Sanskrit|ramya]] [[wikt:उत्तम#Sanskrit|uttama]][[wikt:राजा#Sanskrit|rāja]]nivēsana [[wikt:महा#Sanskrit|mah]][[wikt:आस्थान#Sanskrit|āsthāna]] [[wikt:अमर#Sanskrit|amara]][[wikt:विमान#Sanskrit|vimāna]] [[wikt:अवतार#Sanskrit|avatāra]][[wikt:स्थिति#Sanskrit|sthitya]] shakrasdattiya [[wikt:विष्णु#Sanskrit|viṣṇu]][[wikt:कर्मन्#Sanskrit|karma]][[wikt:प्रसिद्धि#Sanskrit|prasiddhi]]''{{Audio|Bangkok ceremonial name in Sanskrit.ogg|(pamati-a)}}.}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Lang|th|กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบูรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์}}}}
An ngaran nga nahimo tikang hin [[Pali]] ngan [[Sanskrit]] nga mga pulong, maihuhubad hin sugad man:
{{quote|Syudad hin mga anghel,&lt;!-- {{efn|Bisan man kun &quot;syudad hin mga anghel&quot; usá nga masurong nga paghubad, it ''krung'' mas haruharani nga maihuhubad nga &quot;pamunuan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thai2english.com/dictionary/1264888.html|title=กรุง - Thai / English dictionary meaning - กรุง ภาษาอังกฤษ แปล ความหมาย  - thai2english.com|work=thai2english.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} --&gt; dako nga syudad hin mga diri-mamamatay, magnifiko nga syudad han [[Navaratna|siyam nga mga hiyas]], lingkoran han hadi, syudad hin mga palasyo nga hadianon, urukyan han mga dyos nga nahimo nga unod, gintukod ni [[Vishvakarman]] ha pagtugon ni [[Indra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Royal Institute Newsletter|volume=3|issue=31|date= Disyembre 1993|title=กรุงเทพมหานคร}} Ginpahayag hin otro ha {{Cite web|script-title=th:กรุงเทพมหานคร|trans-title=Krung Thep Mahanakhon|language=Thai|url=http://www.royin.go.th/th/knowledge/detail.php?ID=639|accessdate=12 Septyembre 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206140602/http://www.royin.go.th/th/knowledge/detail.php?ID=639|archive-date= 10 Disyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Nahitalaan an ngaran ha ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' nga amo an [[gihalaba-i nga ngaran hin lugar]] han kalibotan, ha 168 nga mga agi o letra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/search/applicationrecordsearch?term=longest+place+name&amp;contentType=record|title=Record Application Search|website=Guinness World Records|access-date= 2 Disyembre 2016|url-access=registration }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gintututdoan it mga Thai nga kabataan ha iskuwelahan han bug-os nga ngaran, bisan man kun pipira la it nakapahayag hit kahulogan tungod kay damo hit mga pulong mga kadaan ngan kahadto pa, ngan nasasabtan la hin guti-ay nga pipira. Damo nga mga Thai nga nakahinumdom hit bug-os nga ngaran nakahinumdom tungod han paggamit hini hin 1989 nga kanta nga &quot;Krung Thep Maha Nakhon&quot; han Thai nga rock band nga [[Asanee–Wasan]], nga diin an mga laray han kantay an bug-os nga ngaran han syudad nga ginbibinalikbalik la dida hit kanta.

An syudad ha yanâ opisyal nga tinatawag ha Thai hin halipot nga kahimo han bug-os nga ngaran hin panseremonyas, ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'', nga impormal nga ginpapahalipot pa nga ''Krung Thep''. Bangkok it opisyal nga ngaran hiní ha Ininglis ngan ha langyaw, nga naipapakita ha ngaran han Bangkok nga Metropolitano nga Pagdumara.

==Mga tigaman==
{{notelist}}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

===Bibliograpiya===
*{{Cite book|first1=Chris|last1=Baker|first2=Pasuk|last2=Phongpaichit|title=A History of Thailand|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofthailan00bake|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2005|isbn=978-0-521-01647-6}}
*{{Cite book|first=John|last=Crawfurd|title=Journal of an embassy from the governor-general of India to the courts of Siam and Cochin China; exhibiting a view of the actual state of those kingdoms | date = 1830|volume=2|place=London|publisher=H. Colburn and R. Bentley|url=http://archive.org/details/journalanembass03crawgoog}}
*{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Annette|chapter=Wonderful, Terrible: Everyday Life in Bangkok|title=A Companion to the City|editor1-first=Gary|editor1-last=Bridge|editor2-first=Sophie|editor2-last=Vatson|pages=460–471|publisher=Blackwell Publishing| date = 2000|isbn=0-631-23578-7}}
*{{Cite book|first=Medhi |last=Krongkaew |chapter=The changing urban system in a fast-growing city and economy: The case of Bangkok and Thailand |pages=[https://archive.org/details/emergingworldcit0000unse/page/286 286]–334 |editor1-first=Fu-chen |editor1-last=Lo |editor2-first=Yue-man |editor2-last=Yeung |title=Emerging World Cities in Pacific Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/emergingworldcit0000unse |publisher=United Nations University Press | date = 1996|isbn=92-808-0907-5}}
*{{Cite book |first1=Eduardo López |last1=Moreno |first2=Oyebanji |last2=Oyeyinka |first3=Gora |last3=Mboup |title=State of the World's Cities 2010/2011 – Cities for All: Bridging the Urban Divide |series=State of the World's Cities |publisher=Earthscan |place=London, Sterling, VA | date = 2008 |isbn=978-1-84971-176-0 |accessdate=25 Septyembre 2012 |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2917&amp;alt=1 |format=PDF }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523102723/http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2917&amp;alt=1 |date=23 Mayo 2012 }}
*{{Cite book |editor-first=Thierry |editor-last=Naudin |title=The State of Asian Cities 2010/11 |isbn=978-92-1-132274-3 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme | date = 2010 |url=http://www.unescap.org/esd/apuf-5/documents/sacr.pdf |accessdate=25 Septyembre 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119175347/http://www.unescap.org/esd/apuf-5/documents/SACR.pdf |date=19 Enero 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |author=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) |title=Gross Regional and Provincial Product chain volume measures 1995–2010 edition |url=http://www.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/account/gpp/2010/All%20GPP%20Book%202010p.zip |format=ZIP/PDF |date= Agosto 2012 |publisher=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board |accessdate=25 Septyembre 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204201228/http://www.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/account/gpp/2010/All%20GPP%20Book%202010p.zip |date=4 Pebrero 2013 }}
*{{Cite book|editor1-first=Nathanon|editor1-last=Thavisin|editor2-first=Pongsak|editor2-last=Semson|editor3-first=Kriengpol|editor3-last=Padhanarath|title=Your Key to Bangkok| date = 2006|publisher=International Affairs Division, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|place=Bangkok|isbn=974-9565-72-X|url=http://office.bangkok.go.th/iad/eng/viewpage.php?page_id=17}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002125223/http://office.bangkok.go.th/iad/eng/viewpage.php?page_id=17 |date= 2 Oktubre 2013 }}
*{{Cite book|author=Traffic and Transportation Department|title=สถิติจราจร ปี 2553 (Traffic statistics, 2010)| date = 2011|url=http://203.155.220.150/abc/Book%20Jarajon.pdf|publisher=Traffic and Transportation Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration}}{{Dead link|date= Enero 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
*{{Cite book | first=Sujit | last=Wongthes | script-title=th:กรุงเทพฯ มาจากไหน? | trans_title=Bangkok: A Historical Background | isbn=9786167686004 | date = 2012 | publisher=Dream Catcher | place=Bangkok | url=http://www.sujitwongthes.com/2012/03/nonfiction2555-1/ | language=Thai }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217125517/http://www.sujitwongthes.com/2012/03/nonfiction2555-1/ |date= 17 Disyembre 2014 }}
*{{Cite book|first=Mark|last=Yeandle|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 11|date= Marso 2012|isbn=978-0-9546207-7-6|publisher=Long Finance|url=http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf|accessdate=25 Septyembre 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319194027/http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf |date= 19 Marso 2012 }}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
&lt;!--Wikipedia is not a web directory. Please consider adding your website to DMOZ instead of listing it here.--&gt;
{{Sister project links|voy=Bangkok}}
*[http://www.bangkok.go.th/th/main/index.php?&amp;l=en Bangkok Metropolitan Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018034042/http://bangkok.go.th/th/main/index.php?&amp;l=en |date= 18 Oktubre 2014 }}
*[http://www.bangkoktourist.com/ BangkokTourist – Official travel guide from Bangkok Tourism Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512184003/http://www.bangkoktourist.com/ |date= 12 Mayo 2017 }}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Bangkok
|North     = [[Pathum Thani Province]]
|Northeast =
|East      = [[Chachoengsao Province]]
|Southeast = [[Samut Prakan Province]]
|South     = ''[[Bay of Bangkok]]''
|Southwest = [[Samut Sakhon Province]]
|West      = [[Nakhon Pathom Province]]
|Northwest = [[Nonthaburi Province]]
}}

[[Kaarangay:Bangkok]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan barangay han Tailandya]]
[[Kaarangay:Thailand]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga ulohan ha Asya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Islam</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 6 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="29776" sha1="1t6zs06nh2t53ef2b1ay8absfh4fowx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kaaba at night.jpg|thumb]]
An '''Islam''' in usa nga monoteistico nga relihiyon nga ginsusumat han Qur’an, usa ka texto nga gincoconsiderar han iya mga manurunod nga yinaknan nga pulong han Diyos (Inarabo: الله‎ Allāh), ngan han iya mga tinutdo ngan normatibo nga ehemplo (gintatawag nga Sunnah ngan ginbubug-osan han Hadith) ni Muhammad, nga gincoconsiderar nira nga kataposan nga manaragna han Diyos.  An manurunod hin Islam in gintatawag nga Muslim.

An mga muslim in natoo nga an Diyos in usa ngan diri maikokompara ngan an iya panuyoan in pagkaada in para hin pagsingba ha Diyos.&lt;ref&gt;See:
* {{Cite quran|51|56|style=ref}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |title=God |work=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] |quote=''For Muslims, God is unique and without equal.'' |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|accessdate= 18 Disyembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An mga muslim in natoo nga an Islam in completo ngan panngatanan nga bersyon han syahan nga panoo nga ginsumat ha dirudilain nga panahon ngan lugar hadto pa, lakip an pamaagi kan Abraham, Moses ngan Jesus, kun diin ira gincoconsiderar nga mga propeta.&lt;ref name=&quot;People-of-the-Book&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html |title=People of the Book |work=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|accessdate= 18 Disyembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An mga muslim in nagmimintinar nga an mga kasanhi nga mga mensahe ngan rebelasyon in parte nasaliwanan o nakurakot ha pag-agi han panahon,&lt;ref name=&quot;Distorted&quot;&gt;See: * Accad (2003): According to Ibn Taymiya, although only some Muslims accept the textual veracity of the entire Bible, most Muslims will grant the veracity of most of it. * Esposito (1998), pp.6,12* Esposito (2002b), pp.4–5* F. E. Peters (2003), p.9* {{Cite encyclopedia | title=Muhammad | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=F. Buhl | coauthors=A. T. Welch }}* {{Cite encyclopedia | title=Tahrif | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh }}&lt;/ref&gt; pero gincoconsiderar nga an Qur'an in waray kasasaliwani ngan kataposan nga bersyon han Diyos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group| isbn = 9780826499448| last = Bennett| first = Clinton| title = Interpreting the Qur'an: a guide for the uninitiated| url = https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn| date = 2010| page=[https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn/page/101 101]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An mga konsepto han relihiyon ngan buruhaton in naglalakip han lima nga harigi han Islam, kun diin an panguna nga mga konsepto ngan buruhaton nga pagsingba, ngan pagsunod han balaod Islamico, in naupod hin haros ngatanan nga aspeto han kinabuhi ngan katiringban, nga nahatag hin mga sagdon ha dirudilain nga mga himangrawon sugad han pagbabangko ngan kaupayan, ngadto ha pakikipaggera ngan an kalikopan.&lt;ref&gt;Esposito (2002b), p.17&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;See: * Esposito (2002b), pp.111,112,118* {{Cite encyclopedia | title=Shari'ah | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ginbabanabanahan nga 75-90% han mga Muslim in Sunni ngan 10-20% in Shia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html CIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211645/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html%20 |date= 24 Disyembre 2018 }} &quot;Sunnis account for over 75% of all muslims&quot; - retrieved 8 Disyembre 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Mga 13% han mga Muslim in nag-uukoy ha Indonesia, an gidakoi nga nasod Muslim,&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller 2009, pp.8,17&quot;&gt;Miller (2009), pp.8,17&lt;/ref&gt; 25% ha Salatan nga Asya&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller 2009, pp.8,17&quot;/&gt;, 20% ha Butnga Sinirangan&lt;ref&gt;See:* Esposito (2002b), p.21* Esposito (2004), pp.2,43 * Miller (2009), pp.9,19&lt;/ref&gt;, 2% ha Butnga nga Asya, 4% ha nagsasalin nga nasod ha Timugan Asya, 15% ha Sub-saharan Africa.  Dagko nga komunidad in mabibilngan ha Tsina ngan Rusya, ngan mga bahin han Europa.  Nga may-ada labaw ha 1.5 bilyon nga mga manurunod o labaw 22% han kanan kalibutan populasyon han tuig 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA Factbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA Factbook|accessdate= 8 Disyembre 2010|archive-date= 10 Marso 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310142438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, An Islam an ikaduha nga pinakadako ngan usa ha mga malaksi-tumubo nga mga relihiyon ha kalibutan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |title=The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=14 Mayo 2007 |accessdate= 16 Mayo 2010 |archive-date= 21 Mayo 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521093323/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Islam-Today&quot;&gt;*{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html |title=Islam Today |work=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] (2000) |quote=''Islam, followed by more than a billion people today, is the world's fastest growing religion and will soon be the world's largest...'' |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] |accessdate= 25 Agosto 2010 }}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/religion/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god.html |title=No God But God |work=Thomas W. Lippman |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]] |date=7 Abril 2008 |accessdate= 25 Agosto 2010 }}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/religion/2008/04/07/understanding-islam.html |title=Understanding Islam |work=Susan Headden |publisher=U.S. News &amp; World Report |date=7 Abril 2008 |accessdate= 25 Agosto 2010 }}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |work= |publisher=[[Adherents.com]] |date= |accessdate= 3 Hulyo 2007 |archive-date= 20 Abril 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420064041/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga reperensya==
===Mga sinurat===
{{Mga kasarigan|group=note}}

===Pinanbasaran===
{{Mga kasarigan|colwidth=30em}}

===Mga libro ngan peryodiko===
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{Cite journal| last=Accad | first=Martin | title=The Gospels in the Muslim Discourse of the Ninth to the Fourteenth Centuries: AnI Exegetical Inventorial Table (Part I) | journal=Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations | volume=14 | issue=1 | date = 2003 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Ahmed | first=Akbar | title=Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World | publisher=I. B. Tauris | edition=2.00 | date = 1999 | isbn=978-1-86064-257-9 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group| isbn = 978-0-8264-9944-8| last = Bennett| first = Clinton |authorlink= Clinton Bennett| title = Interpreting the Qur'an: a guide for the uninitiated| url = https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn| date = 2010| page=[https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn/page/101 101] | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Brockopp | first=Jonathan E. | title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia | url=https://archive.org/details/islamicethicsofl0000unse | publisher=University of South Carolina press | date = 2003 | isbn=1-57003-471-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Cohen-Mor | first=Dalya | title=A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature | url=https://archive.org/details/matteroffateconc0000cohe | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 2001 | isbn=0-19-513398-6 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Curtis | first=Patricia A. | date = 2005 | title=A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations | url=https://archive.org/details/guidetofoodlawsr0000curt | publisher=Blackwell Publishing Professional | isbn=978-0-8138-1946-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink = John Esposito | title=Islam: The Straight Path | url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo_e0l3 | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 2010 | edition=4th | isbn=978-0-19-539600-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John | title=Islam: The Straight Path | url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 1998 | edition=3rd | isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John|coauthors=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad | title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? | url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon | date = 2000a | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-513526-1 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John | date = 2000b | title=Oxford History of Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-510799-9 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John| date = 2002a | title=Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-516886-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John| date = 2002b | title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-515713-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John| title=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | date = 2003 | isbn=0-19-512558-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Esposito | first=John| title=Islam: The Straight Path | url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0001espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 2004 | edition=3rd Rev Upd | isbn=978-0-19-518266-8 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | url=https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse0005fara | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | date = 1994 | edition=5th | isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Farah | first=Caesar| title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | url=https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse00fara_0 | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | date = 2003 | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-7641-2226-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Firestone | first=Reuven | title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/jihadoriginofhol0000fire | publisher= Oxford University Press | date = 1999 | isbn=0-19-512580-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Ghamidi | first=Javed | authorlink=Javed Ahmed Ghamidi | title=[[Mizan]] | publisher=[[Al-Mawrid|Dar al-Ishraq]] | date = 2001 | oclc=52901690  | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Goldschmidt, Jr. | first=Arthur | coauthors=Lawrence Davidson | title=A Concise History of the Middle East | publisher=Westview Press | date = 2005 | edition=8th | isbn=978-0-8133-4275-7 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Griffith | first=Ruth Marie | coauthors=Barbara Dianne Savage | title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | date = 2006 | isbn=0-8018-8370-9 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last= Haddad | first= Yvonne Yazbeck |title= Muslims in the West: from sojourners to citizens| publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] | date = 2002 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Hawting| first=G. R. | authorlink= G.R. Hawting | title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 | url=https://archive.org/details/firstdynastyofis0000hawt| publisher=Routledge | date = 2000 | isbn=0-415-24073-5 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Hedayetullah | first=Muhammad | title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition | publisher=Trafford Publishing | date = 2006 | isbn=978-1-55369-842-5 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Hofmann|first1=Murad|title=Islam and Qur'an|url=https://archive.org/details/islamquranintrod0000hofm|edition=| date = 2007|publisher=|location=|isbn=978-1-59008-047-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=[[Bernard Lewis]] | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 | date = 1977a | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0-521-29136-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2 | date = 1977b | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0-521-29137-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Hourani | first=Albert | authorlink=Albert Hourani | coauthor=[[Malise Ruthven|Ruthven, Malise]] | title=A History of the Arab Peoples | date = 2003 | publisher=Belknap Press; Revised edition | isbn=978-0-674-01017-8 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Kobeisy | first=Ahmed Nezar | title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People | url=https://archive.org/details/counselingameric0000kobe | publisher=Praeger Publishers | date = 2004 | isbn=978-0-313-32472-7 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Kramer | first=Martin | title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution | url=https://archive.org/details/shiismresistance0000unse | publisher=Westview Press | date = 1987 | isbn=978-0-8133-0453-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lapidus| first=Ira | title=A History of Islamic Societies | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2| publisher=Cambridge University Press | date = 2002 | edition=2nd | isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis| title=The Jews of Islam | publisher=Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul | date = 1984 | isbn=0-7102-0462-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=The Arabs in History | url=https://archive.org/details/arabsinhistory0000bern | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 1993 | isbn=0-19-285258-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard| title=The Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi_o6l1 | publisher=Scribner | date = 1997 | isbn=978-0-684-83280-7 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard| title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East | publisher=Open Court | edition=2nd | date = 2001 | isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard| title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi | publisher=Harper Perennial | edition=Reprint | date = 2003 | isbn=978-0-06-051605-5 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard| title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror | url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern | publisher=Random House, Inc., New York | date = 2004 | isbn=978-0-8129-6785-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Madelung | first=Wilferd | authorlink=Wilferd Madelung | title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date = 1996 | isbn=0-521-64696-0 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Malik| first=Jamal| coauthors=John R Hinnells, Inc NetLibrary | title=Sufism in the West | publisher= Routledge | date = 2006 | isbn=0-415-27408-7 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Menski | first=Werner F. | title=Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa | url=https://archive.org/details/comparativelawin0000mens | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date = 2006 | isbn=0-521-85859-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book | editor-last = Miller | editor-first = Tracy |date=October 2009 | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | title = Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population | format = PDF | url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ | accessdate = 24 Septyembre 2013 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Momen | first=Moojan | title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism | publisher=Yale University Press | date = 1987 | isbn=978-0-300-03531-5 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Nasr | first=Seyed Muhammad | title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) | publisher=HarperCollins | date = 1994| isbn=0-06-067700-7 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last= Nigosian | first = Solomon Alexander | title=Islam: its history, teaching, and practices| url= https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo_j9b3 | publisher= [[Indiana University Press]]| date = 2004| isbn= | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal| last=Patton | first=Walter M. | title=The Doctrine of Freedom in the Korân | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-semitic-languages-and-literatures_1900-04_16_3/page/129 | journal=The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures |date= Abril 1900 | volume=16 | issue=3 | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | isbn=90-04-10314-7 | doi=10.1086/369367 | page=129 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Peters | first=F. E.| title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians | url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe | publisher=Princeton University Press | date = 2003 | isbn=0-691-11553-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Rahman | first=H. U. |title=Chronology of Islamic History, 570-1000 CE | url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofisla0000rahm_d9k3 | publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd | edition=3rd | date = 1999 | ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book| last=Rippin | first=Andrew | authorlink=Andrew Rippin | title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices | url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp | publisher=Routledge | edition=2nd | date = 2001 | isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Sachedina | first=Abdulaziz | title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence | publisher=Oxford University Press US | date = 1998 | isbn=0-19-511915-0 | authorlink=Abdulaziz Sachedina | ref=harv}}
* Siljander, Mark D. and John David Mann. ''A Deadly Misunderstanding: a Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide''. First ed. New York: Harper One, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143828-8
* {{Cite book| last=Smith | first=Jane I. | title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 2006 | isbn=978-0-19-515649-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Tabatabae | first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | coauthors=Seyyed Hossein Nasr (translator) | authorlink=Allameh Tabatabaei | title= Shi'ite Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/shiiteislam0000taba | publisher=Suny press| date = 1979 | isbn=0-87395-272-3 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Teece | first=Geoff | title=Religion in Focus: Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000teec_a5d6 | publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd | date = 2003 | isbn=978-0-7496-4796-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Trimingham| first=John Spencer | title=The Sufi Orders in Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/sufiordersinisla0000trim_x5k7| publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 1998| isbn=0-19-512058-2 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Turner | first=Colin | title=Islam: the Basics | url=https://archive.org/details/islambasics0000turn | publisher=Routledge (UK) | date = 2006 | isbn=0-415-34106-X | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Turner | first=Bryan S. | title=Weber and Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/weberislam0001turn | publisher=Routledge (UK) | date = 1998 | isbn=0-415-17458-9 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Waines | first=David | title=An Introduction to Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontois0000wain_x5k7 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date = 2003 | isbn=0-521-53906-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought | url=https://archive.org/details/formativeperiodo0000watt | publisher=University Press Edinburgh| date = 1973 | isbn=0-85224-245-X | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery|title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=New | date = 1974 | isbn=0-19-881078-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last=Weiss | first=Bernard G. | title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory | date = 2002 | location=Boston | publisher=Brill Academic publishers | isbn=90-04-12066-1 | ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

====Mga ensayklopedya====
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian | encyclopedia=Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group | date = 2005 | isbn=978-0-9743091-0-1 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|editor=Gabriel Oussani|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]| date = 1910|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton | encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia | publisher=Gale Group | date = 2000 | edition=6th | isbn=978-1-59339-236-9 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=Erwin Fahlbusch, William Geoffrey Bromiley | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill| date = 2001 | edition=1st| isbn=0-8028-2414-5 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=John Bowden | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 2005 | edition=1st | isbn=0-19-522393-4 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor1-first=P.J. | editor1-last=Bearman | editor1-link=Peri Bearman | editor2-first=Th. | editor2-last=Bianquis | editor3-first =C. E. | editor3-last=Bosworth | editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth | editor4-first=E. | editor4-last=van Donzel | editor5-first=W. P. | editor5-last=Heinrichs | editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | issn=1573-3912 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=MacMillan Reference Books| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-02-865603-8 | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|editor=Salamone Frank|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals|publisher=Routledge|edition=1st| date = 2004|isbn=978-0-415-94180-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia | editor=Glasse Cyril | encyclopedia=New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam | publisher=AltaMira Press | date = 2003 | isbn=978-0759101906 | ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{Refbegin}}
* Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to &quot;dialogue&quot; on the basis of what both faiths really teach. ISBN 0-87123-553-6
* {{Cite book| last=Akyol | first=Mustafa | authorlink=Mustafa Akyol | title=Islam Without Extremes | url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo | publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company | edition=1st | date = 2011 | isbn=978-0-393-07086-6}}
* {{Cite book| last=Arberry | first=A. J. | authorlink=A. J. Arberry | title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation | url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar | publisher=Touchstone | edition=1st | date = 1996 | isbn=978-0-684-82507-6}}
* Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1975. xiii, 145 p. ISBN 0-8221-0139-4
* Hourani, Albert (1991). ''Islam in European Thought''. First pbk. ed. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1992, cop. 1991. xi, 199 p. ISBN 0-521-42120-9; alternative ISBN on back cover, 0-521-42120-0
* {{Cite book| last=Khan | first=Muhammad Muhsin | authorlink=Muhammad Muhsin Khan | coauthors=Al-Hilali Khan, Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din | title=Noble Quran | date = 1999 | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | edition=1st | isbn=978-9960-740-79-9}}
* A. Khanbaghi (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris.
* Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. ISBN 0-915677-55-5
* {{Cite book| last=Kramer (ed.) | first=Martin | authorlink=Martin Kramer | title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis | url=https://archive.org/details/jewishdiscoveryo0000unse | publisher=Syracuse University | date = 1999 | isbn=978-965-224-040-8}}
* {{Cite book| last=Kuban | first=Dogan | title=Muslim Religious Architecture | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | date = 1974 | isbn=90-04-03813-2}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=Islam and the West | url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 1994 | isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{Cite book| last=Lewis | first=Bernard| title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery | url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi | publisher=Oxford University Press | date = 1996 | isbn=978-0-19-510283-3}}
* {{Cite book| last=Mubarkpuri | first=Saifur-Rahman | title=[[The Sealed Nectar]]: Biography of the Prophet | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | date = 2002 | isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{Cite book| last=Najeebabadi | first=Akbar Shah | title=History of Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofislamvo0000naje | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | date = 2001 | ref=Harv | isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{Cite book| last=Nigosian | first=S. A. | title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices | url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo_j9b3 | publisher=Indiana University Press | date = 2004 | edition=New | isbn=978-0-253-21627-4}}
* {{Cite book| last=Rahman | first=Fazlur | authorlink=Fazlur Rahman | title=Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226702810 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | date = 1979 | edition=2nd | isbn=0-226-70281-2}}
* {{Cite book| last=Tausch | first=Arno | authorlink=Arno Tausch | title=Muslim Calvinism | publisher=Rozenberg Publishers, Amsterdam | date = 2009 | edition=1st | isbn=978-90-5170-995-7}}
* {{Cite book| last=Tausch | first=Arno| title=What 1.3&amp;nbsp;Billion Muslims Really Think: An Answer to a Recent Gallup Study, Based on the &quot;[[World Values Survey]]&quot;. Foreword Mansoor Moaddel, Eastern Michigan University | publisher=Nova Science Publishers, New York| date = 2009 | edition=1st | isbn=978-1-60692-731-1}}
* {{Cite book| last=Walker | first=Benjamin | authorlink=Benjamin Walker (author) | title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofisl0000walk | publisher=Peter Owen Publishers | date = 1998 | isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links |wikt=Islam |commons=Category:Islam |b=Subject:Islam |n=Category:Islam |q=Islam |s=Portal:Islam |v=Islam |voy=Islam |species=no |d=Q432 |m=no|mw=no}}
;Mga pagkukuhaan nga akademiko
* [http://www.patheos.com/Library/Islam.html Patheos Library&amp;nbsp;– Islam]
* [http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/home/ University of Southern California Compendium of Muslim Texts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729180433/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/home/ |date= 29 Hulyo 2014 }}
* [http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam Encyclopedia of Islam (Overview of World Religions)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010144541/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/ |date= 10 Oktubre 2004 }}
* [http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org/ Ethical Democracy Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212113155/http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org/ |date= 12 Disyembre 2011 }} views on Islam, other ethical systems and democracy

;Mga pagkukuhaan ha aada-nga-linya
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105852/Islam Islam], article at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [http://www.friesian.com/islam.htm Islam], article at Friesian.com
* [http://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp4459.html Asabiyya: Re-Interpreting Value Change in Globalized Societies], article at Repec/Ideas, [[University of Connecticut]] and IZA, Bonn, on Islam and global value change
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Islam Islam], article at Citizendium

;Mga direktorya
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Islam_%28Bookshelf%29 Islam (Bookshelf)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826072931/http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Islam_%28Bookshelf%29 |date= 26 Agosto 2020 }} at [[Project Gutenberg]]
*[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/islamus.htm Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326092524/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/islamus.htm |date= 26 Marso 2009 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
*[http://islam.uga.edu/ Islam and Islamic Studies Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101104156/http://islam.uga.edu/ |date=2012-01-01 }} from Dr. Alan Godlas, Professor, [[University of Georgia]]

[[Kaarangay:Islam| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Relihiyon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hong Kong</title>
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      <text bytes="35489" sha1="4bfz1bo759j4p8qyr5dqdr3tnhp0jjf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nasod Chinese SAR
|conventional_long_name = {{small|{{nowrap|Pinaurog nga Rehiyon Pagdumarahan han Hong Kong}} han Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina}}&lt;!---- NOTE: This is the established decision on the talk page and is clearly substantiated by numerous Hong Kong government documents. This is also the convention in use in all other languages on Wikipedia. Please refrain from editing. ----&gt;
|common_name = Hong Kong
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh|中華人民共和國香港特別行政區}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|''Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui''}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{ nobold |([[Hong Kong nga Kinantones]])}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|{{lang|en|Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China}}}} {{small|{{nobold|([[Ininglis|Ininggles]])}}}}
|image_flag = Flag of Hong Kong.svg
|alt_flag = In bandira nga mayda busag nga 5-ka-petal nga disenyo hin bukad han solido nga pula nga pagpaluyo
|image_coat = Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg
|alt_coat = In pula nga malidong nga tigaman, nga mayda 5-ka-petal nga disenyo hin bukad ha butnga, ngan ginpalibotan han mga pulong nga &quot;Hong Kong&quot; ngan &quot;{{ zh | t=中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 | labels=no }}&quot;
|symbol_type = Tigaman
|other_symbol = {{vunblist|''[[Bauhinia blakeana]]''|{{lang|zh|洋紫荊}}|''Joengzīgìng''}}
|other_symbol_type = Bukad han syudad
|national_anthem = {{vunblist|&quot;[[Marcha han mga Boluntaryo]]&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;BasicLawA3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/annex_3.html |title=Basic Law Full Text - Annex III |publisher=Hong Kong Government |accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2017 |language=Ininggles |archive-date= 1 Disyembre 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033140/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/annex_3.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|{{lang|zh|義勇軍進行曲}}|''Yihyúhnggwān Jeunhàhngkūk''}}&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:March of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|image_map = China Hong Kong 4 levels localisation.svg
|map_width = 250px
|alt_map = Location of Hong Kong within China
|map_caption = Kahamutang han Hong Kong ha sulod han Tsina
|official_languages= {{Unbulleted list|[[Tsinino|Tsinino]]{{ref|a|a}}|[[Ininglis|Ininggles]]{{ref|b|b}}}}
|languages_type = Mga [[opisyal nga pagsurat]]
|languages= {{Unbulleted list|[[Minat-an nga Tsinino]]{{ref|b|b}}|[[Ininggles nga abakadahan]]}}
|ethnic_groups= {{unbulleted list
 | 92.0% [[Chinese people|Tsino]]
 | 2.5% [[Filipino people|Pillipino]]
 | 2.1% [[Indonesian people|Indonesyano]]
 | 0.8% [[White people|Busag]]
 | {{nowrap|2.6% others}}&lt;ref name=&quot;demographics&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html |title=Main Tables - Population by Ethnicity and Year |website=2016 Population By-Census |accessdate=15 Nobyembre 2017 |language=Ininggles |archive-date=2017-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120115053/http://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2017
|religion =
|demonym =
 {{unbulleted list|[[Hong Kong people|Hongkonger]] | Hong Konges|Hongkonganon}}&lt;!--- DO NOT add in &quot;Chinese&quot;. A demonym refers to the city, not the sovereign country. See articles like New York and Toronto for example, they don't add in &quot;American&quot; or &quot;Canadian&quot; --&gt;
|government_type = [[Devolusyon|Gindevolve]] nga [[Ehekutibo (gobyerno)|pinamunuan hin ehekutibo]] nga [[parlamentaryo nga sistema]] sakob hin [[Sosyalista nga estado|sosyalista]] nga [[republika]]
|leader_title1 = [[Hepe nga Ehekutibo han Hong Kong|Hepe nga Ehekutibo]]&lt;!--- DO NOT insert Head of State of PRC here; HK is not a sovereign state and the Hong Kong Government's website (http://www.gov.hk) indicates there is no such position as Head of State of Hong Kong.
---&gt;
|leader_name1 = [[Carrie Lam]]
|leader_title2 = [[Pamuno nga Maghirilom hin Pagdumara|Pamuno nga Maghirilom]]
|leader_name2 = [[Matthew Cheung]]
|leader_title3 = [[Pansalapi nga Maghirilom (Hong Kong)|Pansalapi nga Maghirilom]]
|leader_name3 = [[Paul Chan Mo-po]]
|leader_title4 = [[Maghirilom para hin Katadungan (Hong Kong)|Maghirilom para hin Katadungan]]
|leader_name4 = [[Rimsky Yuen]]
|leader_title5 = [[Mangulo han Konseho hin Pamalaod han Hong Kong|Mangulo han Konseho]]
|leader_name5 = [[Andrew Leung]]
|leader_title6 = [[Pamuno nga Mahistrado han Hukmanan hin Kataposan nga Appeal|Pamuno nga Mahistrado]]
|leader_name6 = [[Geoffrey Ma]]
|legislature = [[Konseho hin Pamalaod han Hong Kong|Konseho hin Pamalaod]]
|npc_deputies = [[Pinil-ay han Nasodnon nga Kongreso han Katawhan, 2017 (Hong Kong)|36 nga delegado]] (hin 2,924)
|cppcc_delegates = 203 nga delegado&lt;ref name=&quot;NationalReps&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Cheung |first=Tony |date=28 Pebrero 2017 |title=Who goes there? Hong Kong’s participation in China’s ‘two sessions’ explained |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2074786/who-goes-there-chinas-annual-two-sessions-event-explained |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |location=Hong Kong |access-date=27 Nobyembre 2017|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|sovereignty_type = Autonomiya {{nobold|ha sakob han [[Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina]]}}
|established_event1 = [[British nga Hong Kong|British nga tinatag-iyahan]]
|established_date1 = 26 Enero 1841
|established_event2 = [[Tratado han Nanking]]
|established_date2 = 29 Agosto 1842
|established_event3 = [[Kombensyon han Peking]]
|established_date3 = 18 Oktubre 1860
|established_event4 = [[Kombensyon para han Pagpahaluag han Teritoryo han Hong Kong|Pagpahaluag han Teritoryo han Hong Kong]]
|established_date4 = 9 Hunyo 1898
|established_event5 = [[Hapones nga pag-okupar han Hong Kong|pag-okupar han militar nga Imperyal nga Hapones]]
|established_date5 = {{nowrap|25 Disyembre 1941&lt;br /&gt;tubtob 15 Agosto 1945}}
|established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|Pagbalhin hin pagsoberano]]}} tikang han [[Reino Unido]]
|established_date6 =&lt;br /&gt;1 Hulyo 1997
|area_km2 = 2,755&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CIA The World Fact Book |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html |access-date= 14 Enero 2018 |archive-date= 14 Mayo 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5glwctzKV?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_rank = ika-184
|area_sq_mi = 1,064 &lt;!-- Do not remove as per WP:MOSNUM --&gt;
|percent_water = 59.8 (1,649&amp;nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}; 637&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/paper_map/spg.htm &quot;Maps and Services&quot;] Survey and Mapping Office&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf|title=Hong Kong Geographic Data|accessdate=1 Septyembre 2017|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate = 7,389,500&lt;ref name=&quot;population&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20.jsp|title=Population – Overview – Census and Statistics Department|publisher=|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census =
|population_estimate_year = 2017
|population_estimate_rank = ika-100
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 6,544&lt;ref name=&quot;demographics&quot;/&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 17,024 &lt;!-- Do not remove as per WP:MOSNUM --&gt;
|population_density_rank = ika-4
|GDP_PPP = $429.652 ka bilyon
|GDP_PPP_year = 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&amp;ey=2016&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=42&amp;pr1.y=7&amp;c=532&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Hong Kong |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |accessdate=4 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = ika-44
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $58,322
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ika-11
|GDP_nominal = $320.668 ka bilyon
|GDP_nominal_year = 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = ika-33
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $43,528
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ika-16
|Gini = 53.9 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;&lt;!--- DO NOT USE CIA World Factbook. The Gini index is a parameter in calculating the HDI so the Gini index and the HDI should be from the same source, i.e. Human Development Report 2009. ---&gt;
|Gini_year = 2016
|Gini_change = increase &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;GiniRef&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B11200962016XXXXB0100.pdf|title=Thematic Report : Household Income Distribution in Hong Kong 2016 |publisher=[[Government of Hong Kong]] |accessdate=10 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI = 0.917 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate=26 Nobyembre 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = ika-12
|currency = [[Hong Kong nga dolar]] (HK$)
|currency_code = HKD
|time_zone = [[Hong Kong Time]]
|utc_offset = +8
|date_format = {{nowrap|dd-mm-yyyy}}&lt;br /&gt;yyyy年mm月dd日
|drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|walá]]
|calling_code = [[+852]]
|iso3166code = HK
|cctld = {{hlist|[[.hk]]|[[.香港]]}}
|footnote_a  = {{note|a}} An [[Kinantones]] amo an ''de facto'' nga standard.
|footnote_b  = {{note|b}} Ha tanan nga paggamit han gobyerno, an mga dokumento nga sinurat nga nagamit hin [[Minat-an nga Tsinino nga mga agi]] autoritatibo nga labaw hin mga sinurat hin [[Ginyano nga Tsinino nga mga agi]]. An Ininggles nagsasaro hin patas nga status han Tsinino ha tanan nga mga opisyal nga buruhaton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong – the Facts|url=http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/facts.htm|publisher=GovHK|accessdate=6 Enero 2017|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OFFICIAL LANGUAGES DIVISION|url=http://www.csb.gov.hk/english/aboutus/org/scsd/1470.html|publisher=Civil Service Bureau|accessdate=6 Enero 2017|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.legco.gov.hk/english/disclaim.htm |title=Disclaimer and Copyright Notice |publisher=[[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]] |date=27 Nobyembre 2017|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|status             = [[Mga pinaurog nga rehiyon hin pagdudumara han Tsina|Pinaurog nga rehiyon hin pagdudumara]]
|indigenous_languages =
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|country_code = HKG
|official_website = [https://www.gov.hk/ gov.hk]
}}
An '''Hong Kong''' ({{zh|香港}}, {{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ|lang}}), nga an opisyal nga pagtawag '''Pinaurog nga Rehiyon Pagdumarahan han Hong Kong han Kanan Katawhan Repúblika han Tsina''' (alternatibo nga pagngaran ha Winaray: '''Rehiyon nga Administratibo nga Ispisyal han Hong Kong'''), usá nga [[Autonomo nga administratibo nga pagbahinbahin|autonomo nga teritoryo]] ha sidlangan nga dapit han [[estero]] han [[Salog Perlas (Tsina)|Zhujiang]] (Salog Perlas) ha [[Sinirangan nga Asya]], ha salatan han lalawigan han [[Guangdong]] han [[Mainland nga Tsina|mainland nga Tsina]], ngan ha sidlangan han kasanhi nga Portuges nga kolonya ngan igkasi-[[Mga pinaurog nga rehiyon pagdumarahan han Tsina|pinaurog nga rehiyon pagdumarahan]] han [[Macau]]. Upod hin mga 7.3 ka milyon nga [[Hong Kong nga katawhan|Hongkonganon]] hin dirudilain nga mga nasodhanon{{refn|An identidad hin [[Hongkonger|Hong Kong nga Permanente nga Residente]] puyde magin bisan anó nga [[nasodhanon]], upod in [[Tsino nga katawhan|Tsino]], [[Britaniko nga katawhan|Britaniko]], o kundi man iba pa. In tawo nga diri Tsino an pagkanasodhanon nga sinmulod han Hong Kong hin valido nga dokumento hin pagbiyahe, nga nag-ukoy ha Hong Kong hin padayon nga pito ka tuig nga minimum, ngan nagkuha han Hong Kong nga iya lugar hin permanente nga pag-ukoy, ginkikila ha balaod nga usá nga [[Hongkonger]]. Kitaa [http://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/faq/faqroa.html &quot;Right of Abode&quot; of The Immigration Department of Hong Kong]|group=note}} hin teritoryo nga 1,104 ka km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, an Hong Kong amo an [[Taramdan hin mga soberano nga estado ngan nadepende nga mga teritoryo ha densidad hin kamolupyohan|ika-upat hin pinakadako hin densidad hin kamolupyohan ha kalibotan]].

An Hong Kong han una [[British nga Hong Kong|usá nga kolonya han Imperyo Britaniko]], katapos han perpetual nga paghatag han [[Purô han Hong Kong]] tikang han [[Dinastiya Qing|Tsina han Qing]] ha pagkatapos han [[Syahan nga Gera hin Opium]] han 1842. Ginpahilawig an kolonya ngadto han [[Rawis han Kowloon]] han 1860, ngan dugang nga nakakuha hin 99-ka-tuig nga pagplite han [[Bag-o nga mga Teritoryo]] tikang han 1898. [[Hapones nga pag-okupar han Hong Kong|Gin-ukupa han Hapon]] an Hong Kong hin urhe didâ han [[Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan|Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan]], tubtub han pagbalik hin pagdumara han mga Britaniko han 1945. Gin-ulî ha Tsina an teritoryo ha ilarom han batakan han [[Sino-British nga Dugtong nga Pagdeklara]], nga ginpirmahan han [[Reino Unido]] ngan [[Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina|Tsina]] han 1984 ngan gintigamnan han [[pagbalhin hin pagsoberano han Hong Kong]] han 1997, han pagin [[Mga pinaurog nga mga rehiyon pagdumarahan han Tsina|pinaurog nga rehiyon pagdumarahan]] han Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina an Hong Kong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Basic Law Bulletin Issue No. 2|url=http://www.doj.gov.hk/eng/public/basiclaw/basic2-3.pdf|publisher=Department of Justice, HKSAR|access-date= 14 Enero 2018|archive-date= 23 Septyembre 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215811/http://www.doj.gov.hk/eng/public/basiclaw/basic2-3.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ha ilarom han prinsipyo hin &quot;[[usá nga násod, duhá nga sistema]]&quot; (&quot;''one country, two sistems''&quot;),&lt;ref name=&quot;BasicLawC4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html |title=Basic Law Full Text - Chapter 4 |accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017 |publisher=Hong Kong Government |language=Ininggles |archive-date= 27 Enero 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VtI2zRGN?url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RusellP&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Russell|first=Peter H.|first2=David M.|last2=O'Brien|title=Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy: Critical Perspectives from around the World| date = 2001|publisher=[[University of Virginia Press]]|isbn=978-0-8139-2016-0|page=306|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt; nagmamantener an Hong Kong hin bulag nga sistema hin politika ngan ekonomiya tikang han Tsina. Gawas ha depensa militar ngan ha panlangyawanon nga mga butang, an Hong Kong mayda kalugaringon nga mga gahom nga ehekutibo, pamalaod (lehislatibo), ngan panhukom (hudikatura).&lt;ref name=&quot;BasicLawC2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_2.html |title=Basic Law Full Text - Chapter 2 |publisher=Hong Kong Government |accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2017 |language=Ininggles |archive-date= 29 Hulyo 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729032916/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_2.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisan pa, an Hong Kong direkta nga nagpapadukwag hin mga relasyon han mga langyaw nga estado ngan mga internasyonal nga mga organisasyon hin haloag nga katutuban hin mga &quot;naaangay nga mga larangan&quot; (&quot;''appropriate fields''&quot;),&lt;ref name=&quot;BasicLawC7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_7.html |title=Basic Law Full Text – Chapter 7 |publisher=Hong Kong Government |accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2017 |archive-date= 8 Oktubre 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008030112/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_7.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; nga aktibo ngan nagluglugaring hin paghibulig han mga institusyon sugad han [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] nga forum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tid.gov.hk/english/ito/apec/apec_hk.html|title=Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|website=tid.gov.hk|language=Ininggles|access-date=2018-01-14|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417072804/https://www.tid.gov.hk/english/ito/apec/apec_hk.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan han [[World Trade Organization]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hong_kong_china_e.htm|title=WTO - Hong Kong, China - Member information|website=wto.org|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An Hong Kong usá han mga pinaka-importante nga [[sentro hin pananalapî]] han kalibotan, nga nakapot han gihataasi nga ihap ha [[Financial Development Index]] ngan dayuday nga naranggo nga [[World Competitiveness Yearbook|mga lugar nga pinaka-competitibo ngan pinakagawasnons]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 16|date=Septyembre 2014|accessdate=10 Disyembre 2014|publisher=Long Finance|archive-date= 3 Septyembre 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903230616/http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.imd.org/uupload/imd.website/wcc/scoreboard.pdf|title=The IMD World Competitiveness Scoreboard|date=25 Mayo 2016|accessdate=6 Hunyo 2016|publisher=CNN|archive-date=2017-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809042808/http://www.imd.org/uupload/imd.website/wcc/scoreboard.pdf|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Komo ika-pitó nga gidakoi nga nagkokomersyo nga entidad ha kalibotan,&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAExports&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|title=Country Comparison: Exports|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=26 Disyembre 2017|language=Ininggles|archive-date= 27 Abril 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427111612/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIAImports&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/Publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html|title=Country Comparison: Imports|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=26 Disyembre 2017|language=Ininggles|archive-date= 4 Oktubre 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004070323/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//rankorder/2087rank.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an legal tender nga salapi hini, an [[Hong Kong nga dolar]], amo an [[Foreign exchange market|ika-13 hin mga gidamo-i nga binabalyo nga salapî]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bis.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date= Septyembre 2016|title=Triennial Central Bank Survey: Foreign exchange turnover in April 2016|url=http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx16fx.pdf|journal=|publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]]|volume=|page=5|pages=|via=|work=Monetary and Economic Department|accessdate=3 Hulyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ekonomiya nga gindominar hin [[tertiary sector]] han Hong Kong ginkakarakterisar hin [[Pagbuwís ha Hong Kong|kompetitibo nga yano nga pagbuwís]] ngan sinusuporta ini han [[Hudikatura han Hong Kong|independiente nga sistema hin hudikatura]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong Economy: Population, Facts, GDP, Business, Trade, Inflation|url=http://www.heritage.org/index/country/hongkong|website=heritage.org|accessdate=22 Mayo 2015|language=Ininggles|archive-date= 25 Enero 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125031948/https://www.heritage.org/index/country/hongkong|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisan man kun an syudad mayda han usa han mga gihataasi nga [[Taramdan hin mga nasod ha GDP (PPP) per capita|''per capita income'']] ha kalibotan, mayda ini dako nga [[Taramdan hin mga nasod ha income equality|diri-pagkapatas hin income]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Factbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=|access-date= 14 Enero 2018|archive-date= 4 Hunyo 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An Hong Kong amo an mayda [[Taramdan hin mga syudad nga gidamo-i hin mga skyscraper|gidamo-i hin skyscraper ha kalibotan]], nga nagpapalibot han [[Duruungan han Victoria]], nga nahamutang ha butnga han dako-hin-densidad nga urban nga rehiyon han syudad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ash|first=Russell|authorlink=Russell Ash|title=The Top 10 of Everything 2007|url=https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3|publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]]|isbn=0-600-61532-4| page=[https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3/page/78 78]| date = 2006 |language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/hong-kong Hong Kong Facts, The skyscraper Center. (ha Ininggles)] Ginkità han 4 Agosto 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Mayda ini hataas hin duro nga [[Taramdan hin mga nasod ha Human Development Index|pagranggo ha Human Development Index]] ngan an [[Taramdan hin mga nasod ha life expectancy|gima-iha-i hin life expectancy]] han kalibotan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Life Expectancy Around the World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/22005-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-at-birth-infographic.html|title=Life Expectancy Around the World|date=1 Agosto 2012|publisher=LiveScience|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Huffington Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/longest-life-expectancy-world-hong-kong-women-japan_n_1705606.html|title=Longest Life Expectancy In World: Women In Hong Kong Now Outlast Japan|date=26 Hulyo 2012|publisher=Huffington Post|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labaw hin 90% han kamolupyohan hiní nagamit han maupay-nga-nadukwag nga [[panakayan ha Hong Kong|panakayan pan-publiko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pubtransport&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=William H. K.|last=Lam|first2=Michael G. H.|last2=Bell| date = 2003|title=Advanced Modeling for Transit Operations and Service Planning |url=https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling0000unse|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling0000unse/page/231 231]|isbn=978-0-08-044206-8|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mga tig-panahon nga [[Polusyon ha kahanginan ha Hong Kong|polusyon ha kahanginan]] nga an mga gintikangan an mga hagrani nga mga lugar hin industriya han [[mainland nga Tsina]], nga nagamit hin diri-istrikto nga [[Mga particulate|standard hin emisyon]], nagresulta hin hataas nga level hin [[particulates|mga particulate ha kahanginan]] ha imbyerno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/rankings.jsp|title=Pollution Index 2015|publisher=Numbeo|date=2015|accessdate=29 Abril 2015|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.myhealthportal.hk/en/content/articles/18/Health_Effects_of_Air_Pollution_in_Hong_Kong/ |title=Health Effects of Air Pollution in Hong Kong |publisher= |accessdate=7 Oktubre 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630141739/http://www.myhealthportal.hk/en/content/articles/18/Health_Effects_of_Air_Pollution_in_Hong_Kong/ |archivedate=30 Hunyo 2014 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Zhen Yu|first1=Jian|last2=Huang|first2=Hilda|last3= Ng|first3=Wai Man|title=Final Report for Provision of Service for Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sample Chemical Analysis|url=http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/sites/default/files/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/studyrpts/files/final_report_mvtmpms_2012.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Etimolohiya==
{{Infobox Tsinino
| c = {{linktext|香港}}
| l = Mahamot nga Duruungan,&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|Insenso nga Duruungan}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.herbarium.gov.hk/SpecialTopicsDetails.aspx?oneId=10&amp;SectionId=1 |title=Aquilaria sinensis and origin of the name of Hong Kong |publisher=Hong Kong Herbarium |accessdate=21 Nobyembre 2017 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040456/http://www.herbarium.gov.hk/SpecialTopicsDetails.aspx?oneId=10&amp;SectionId=1 |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Baker |first=Jo |date=8 Marso 2014 |title=Making scents: saviours of the incense tree |url=http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1441807/making-scents-saviours-incense-tree |magazine=Post Magazine |location=Hong Kong |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |accessdate=21 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ci = {{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ|}} ''or'' {{IPA-yue|hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ|}}
| y = Hēunggóng ''o kundi man'' Hèunggóng
| j = Hoeng1gong2
| gd = Hêng&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| h = Hiong&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| p = Xiānggǎng
| w = Hsiang&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kang&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| bpmf = ㄒㄧㄤ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄍㄤˇ
| gr = Shianggaang
| myr = Syānggǎng
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|x|iang|1|.|g|ang|3}}
| wuu = shian&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;kaon&lt;sup&gt;上&lt;/sup&gt;
| poj = Hiong-kang
|pic2=Hong Kong in Chinese 2.svg
|piccap2=&quot;Hong Kong&quot; ha Tsinino nga mga agi
|picupright2=0.45
|picsize2 = 100px
| altname = Pinaurogan nga Rehiyon Pagdumarahan han Hong Kong&lt;br&gt;Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| t2 ={{linktext|香港特別行政區}}&lt;br&gt;(香港特區)
| s2 ={{linktext|香港特别行政区}}&lt;br&gt;(香港特区)
| y2 = Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui&lt;br&gt;(Hēunggóng Dahkkēui)&lt;br&gt;''o kundi man''&lt;br&gt;Hèunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui&lt;br&gt;(Hèunggóng Dahkkēui)
| j2 = Hoeng1gong2 Dak6bit6 Hang4zing3keoi1&lt;br&gt;(Hoeng1gong2 Dak6keoi1)
| gd2 = Hêng&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Deg&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;⁠bid&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; Heng&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;⁠jing&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;⁠kêu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt; (Hêng&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Deg&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;kêu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;)
| ci2 = {{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y|}}&lt;br&gt;({{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.kʰɵ́y|}})&lt;br&gt;''o kundi man''&lt;br&gt;{{IPA-yue|hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y|}}&lt;br&gt;({{IPA-yue|hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.kʰɵ́y|}})
| h2 = Hiong&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Tet&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;⁠piet&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; Hang&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;⁠zin&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;⁠ki&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(Hiong&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;gong&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Tet&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;ki&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;)
| w2= Hsiang&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kang&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Tʻê&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;-⁠pieh&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Hsing&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-⁠chêng&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;-⁠chʻü&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt; (Hsiang&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kang&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Tʻê&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;-chʻü&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;)
| p2 = Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū&lt;br&gt;(Xiānggǎng Tèqū)
| gr2 = Shianggaang Tehbye Shyngjenqchiu&lt;br&gt;(Shianggaang Tehchiu)
| bpmf2 = ㄒㄧㄤ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄍㄤˇ&lt;br&gt;ㄊㄜˋ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄅㄧㄝˊ&lt;br&gt;ㄒㄧㄥˊ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄓㄥˋ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄑㄩ&lt;br&gt;(ㄒㄧㄤ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄍㄤˇ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄊㄜˋ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ㄑㄩ)
| myr2 = Syāngggǎng Tèbyé Syíngjèngchyū&lt;br&gt;(Syānggǎng Tèchyū)
| mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|x|iang|1|.|g|ang|3|-|t|e|4|.|b|ie|2|-|x|ing|2|.|zh|eng|4|.|qu|1|}}&lt;br&gt;({{IPAc-cmn|x|iang|1|.|g|ang|3|-|t|e|4|.|qu|1|}})
| wuu2 = shian&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;kaon&lt;sup&gt;上&lt;/sup&gt; deh&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt;⁠bih&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;ghan&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;⁠tsen&lt;sup&gt;去&lt;/sup&gt;⁠chiu&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(shian&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;kaon&lt;sup&gt;上&lt;/sup&gt; deh&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt;chiu&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;)
| poj2 = Hiong-kang Te̍k-⁠pia̍t Hêng-⁠chèng-⁠khu&lt;br&gt;(Hiong-kang Te̍k-khu)
| showflag = y
}}
An ngaran nga ''Hong Kong'' ha orihinal nahahanungod ánay hin gamay nga salog ha butnga han [[Ap Lei Chau|Purô han Aberdeen]] ngan han salatan nga labnasan han [[Purô han Hong Kong]]. An bungto han [[Aberdeen, Hong Kong|Aberdeen]] usá nga pagtikangan nga punto hin kontakto han mga Britániko nga mga marinero ngan mga lokal nga mangingisda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bishop |first=Kevin |last2=Roberts |first2=Annabel |title=China's Imperial Way |url=https://books.google.com/?id=1c0UyPNF_I0C&amp;pg=PT216&amp;lpg=PT216&amp;dq=%22Heung+Gong+Tsai%22 | date = 1997 |publisher=[[China Books|China Books and Periodicals]] |isbn=962-217-511-2 |page=218 |accessdate=20 Nobyembre 2017 |via=Google Books|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waray mahisabtan kun diin ginkuha an ginromanisar nga ngaran, kundi gintutuohan nga ini usá nga sayó nga diri sakto hin phonetiko nga paghatag han ginyakan nga [[Kinantones]] nga pagluwas han {{lang|zh-hant|香港}} ({{lang-zh|cy=hēung góng}}), nga nangangahulogan &quot;Mahamot nga Duruungan&quot; o kundi man &quot;Insenso nga Duruungan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;etym&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |title=Placenames of the World |url=https://books.google.com/?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&amp;pg=PA168&amp;lpg=PA168&amp;dq=hong+kong+etymology+fragrant+harbor | date = 2005 |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |isbn=0-7864-2248-3 |page=168 |accessdate=1 Septyembre 2011|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kahamot bangin nahahanungod han matam'is nga rasa han nasulog nga lambunaw nga tubig han duruungan tikang han estero han [[Salog Perlas (Tsina)|Salog Perlas]] o kundi man han insenso tikang han mga fábrika o factory nga naglilirenya han labnasan han amihanan nga Kowloon. Ginbobodega an insenso harani ha Duruungan han Aberdeen para hin export ugsa ginpadukwag an [[Duruungan han Victoria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;etym&quot;/&gt; Mayda lain nga teoriya nasiring nga an ngaran nagtikáng han [[Tanka nga katawhan|mga Tanka]], an mga sayo nga mga nangungukoy han rehiyon; probable gihapon nga usá nga pagromanisar han ngaran ha ira yinaknan an gin-gamit (i.e. ''hōng'', diri ''hēung'' ha Kinantones).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=So |first=Man-hing |url=http://somanhing.com/gotowalk/history/lost/name.pdf |title=香港名稱的由來 |trans-title=The Origin of the Name Hong Kong |accessdate=20 Nobyembre 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201031017/http://somanhing.com/gotowalk/history/lost/name.pdf |archivedate=1 Pebrero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisan kun diin an gintikangan, nahibutang an ngaran didâ han [[Tratado han Nanking]] nga magakip han tanán han Purô han Hong Kong, ngan tikang hadto gin-gamit pagtawag han kabug-osan han teritoryo.&lt;ref name=&quot;fairbank&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fairbank|first=John King|title=Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842–1854|url=https://archive.org/details/tradediplomacyon0000john|edition=2nd|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]| date = 1953|isbn=978-0-8047-0648-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/tradediplomacyon0000john/page/123 123]–128|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agsob nga ginsurat an ngaran nga usá nga pulong ''Hongkong'' tubtub han 1926 han pagpili han gobyerno han yanâ nga porma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1926/100085.pdf |title=The Hong Kong Government Gazette, Septyembre 3, 1926 |date=3 Septyembre 1926 |via=[[University of Hong Kong]] |publisher=[[Hong Kong Government Gazette]] |accessdate=21 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisan pa man, mayda pipira nga mga institusyon nga gintukod han sayó nga bahin han panahon nga kolonyal nagamit pa gihapon han uusá-nga-púlong nga porma, sugad han [[Hongkong Post]], [[Hongkong Electric Company|Hongkong Electric]], ngan an [[the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation]].

==Mga tigaman==
{{Mga kasarigan|group=note}}

==Mga kasarigan==
=== Mga kinuha ===
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin}}
* Callick, Rowan. ''Comrades &amp; Capitalists: Hong Kong since the Handover'' (University of New South Wales Press, 1998) [https://www.questia.com/library/1521652/comrades-capitalists-hong-kong-since-the-handover online]
*{{Cite book|last=Fu|first=Poshek|last2=Deser|first2=David|title=The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2002|page=346|isbn=978-0-521-77602-8}}
* Lee, James. ''Housing, Home Ownership and Social Change in Hong Kong'' (1999)
* {{Cite book|title=Forts and Pirates – A History of Hong Kong|first=Adam Yuen-chung|last=Lui|publisher=Hong Kong History Society| date = 1990|isbn=962-7489-01-8|page=114}}
* {{Cite book|first=Shuyong|last=Liu|first2=Wenjiong|last2=Wang|first3=Mingyu|last3=Chang|title=An Outline History of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/outlinehistoryof0000lius|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|date=1997|page=[https://archive.org/details/outlinehistoryof0000lius/page/291 291]|isbn=978-7-119-01946-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ngo|first=Tak-Wing|title=Hong Kong's History: State and Society Under Colonial Rule|publisher=Routledge| date = 1999|isbn=978-0-415-20868-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Tsang|first=Steve|title=A Modern History of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofh0000tsan|publisher=I. B. Tauris|date=2007|isbn=978-1-84511-419-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Welsh|first=Frank|title=A Borrowed place: the history of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/borrowedplacehi00wels|page=[https://archive.org/details/borrowedplacehi00wels/page/624 624]|publisher=Kodansha International|date=1993|isbn=978-1-56836-002-7}}

===Panguna nga pagkukuhaan===
* Bard, Solomon, ed. ''Voices from the Past: Hong Kong, 1842-1918'' (Hong Kong University Press, 2002) [https://www.questia.com/library/120080394/voices-from-the-past-hong-kong-1842-1918 online]
* {{Cite book|last=Endacott|first=G. B.|authorlink=George Beer Endacott|title=An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong|publisher=[[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]]| date = 1964|page=293|oclc= 632495979|asin=B0007J07G6 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Hanstedt|first=Paul|title=Hong Konged: One Modern American Family's (Mis)adventures in the Gateway to China|date=2012|publisher=Adams Media|location=Avon, Massachusetts|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj6cOGvc7ecC&amp;printsec=frontcover|isbn=9781440540738}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj6cOGvc7ecC&amp;printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 Enero 2015 |archive-date=2 Hunyo 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602064238/http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj6cOGvc7ecC&amp;printsec=frontcover |url-status= }}
* {{Cite book|last=Tsang|first=Steve|title=Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|date=1995|page=312|isbn=962-209-392-2|url=https://www.questia.com/library/1936663/government-and-politics-a-documentary-history-of}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|voy=Hong Kong|Hong Kong}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Hong-Kong Hong Kong] at [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/hongkong.htm HongKong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121092744/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/hongkong.htm |date= 21 Nobyembre 2008 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{CIA World Factbook link|hk|Hong Kong}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Hong_Kong}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16517764 Hong Kong] tikang han [[BBC News]]
* {{Wikiatlas|Hong Kong}}
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=HK Key Development Forecasts for Hong Kong] tikang han [[International Futures]]
; Kagamhanan
* [http://www.gov.hk GovHK] Hong Kong SAR Government portal
* [http://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/index.jsp Discover Hong Kong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802235659/http://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/index.jsp |date=2012-08-02 }} – Opisyal nga websayt han Hong Kong Tourism Board
; Komersyo
* [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/HKG/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Hong Kong]
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  <page>
    <title>Argentina</title>
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      <text bytes="35993" sha1="f3tri0nbx03rf9l8wt3l5ml56q96wye" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Country
|native_name=''República Argentina''{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;{{es icon}}&lt;/small&gt;
|common_name=Argentina
|conventional_long_name=Republika Argentina&lt;ref&gt;Article 35 of the {{Cite web|url=http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/documentos/constitucion_ingles.pdf|title=Constitution|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071122155248/http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/documentos/constitucion_ingles.pdf|archivedate= 22 Nobyembre 2007|access-date= 19 Pebrero 2010|url-status=live}} gives equal recognition to &quot;United Provinces of the River Plate&quot;, &quot;Argentine Republic&quot; and &quot;Argentine Confederation&quot; and authorises the use of &quot;Argentine Nation&quot; in the making and enactment of laws&lt;/ref&gt;
|image_flag=Flag_of_Argentina.svg
|image_coat=Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg
|image_map=Argentina (including claimed territories, orthographic projection).svg
|map_caption=Orthographic projection of Argentina, including (in light green) the Argentine claims in [[Argentine Antarctica|Antarctica]], the [[Falkland Islands]] and [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]].
|national_motto=''En unión y libertad''&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Ha Pagkaurusa ngan Kagawasan&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|national_anthem=''[[Himno Nacional Argention|Himno Nacional Argentino]]''
|official_languages=[[Kinatsila]]
|capital=[[Buenos Aires]]
|largest_city=capital
|ethnic_groups=86.4% [[Europeo nga Argentino|Europeo]] (kaurugan [[Italyano nga Argentino|Italyano]] ngan [[Espanyol nga pag-ukoy ha Argentina|Espanyol]]), 8% [[Mestizo]], 4% [[Arabo nga Argentino|Arabo]] ngan [[Asyano nga Argentino|Sinirangan nga Asyano]], 1.6% [[Amerindian]] &lt;ref name=statesmen/&gt;&lt;ref name=encuesta/&gt;
|latd=34|latm=36|latNS=S|longd=58|longm=23|longEW=W
|government_type=[[Federal republic|Federal]] [[presidential system|presidential republic]]
|leader_title1=[[President of Argentina|President]]
|leader_name1=[[Don Javier Gerardo Milei]]
|leader_title2=[[Vice President of Argentina|Vice President]]
|leader_name2=[[Victoria Villarruel]]
| leader_title3               = [[Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers]]
| leader_name3                = [[Nicolás Posse]]
| leader_title4               = [[List of Presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader_name4                = [[Martín Menem]]
|leader_title5=[[Supreme Court of Argentina|Supreme Court President]]
|leader_name5=[[Carlos Rosenkrantz]]
|sovereignty_type=[[Independence]]
|sovereignty_note=from Spain
|established_event1=[[May Revolution]]
|established_date1=25 Mayo 1810
|established_event2=[[Argentine Declaration of Independence|Declared]]
|established_date2=9 Hulyo 1816
|area_rank=8th
|area_magnitude=1_E12
|area_km2=2766890
|area_sq_mi=1068302
|percent_water=1.1
|population_estimate = 40,134,425&lt;ref name=&quot;pop2009&quot; /&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2009
|population_estimate_rank = 33rd
|population_census = 36,260,130
|population_census_year = 2001
|population_density_km2 = 15
|population_density_sq_mi = 38
|population_density_rank = 168th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2009
|GDP_PPP = $566.922 billion&lt;ref name=imf&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&amp;ey=2009&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=213&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=10&amp;pr.y=18|title=Argentina|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate= 1 Oktubre 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank=23rd
|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$14,125&lt;ref name=imf/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=57th
|GDP_nominal=$301.331 billion&lt;ref name=imf/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank=31st
|GDP_nominal_year=2008
|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$7,508&lt;ref name=imf/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=66th
|Gini=49&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Distribution of family income – Gini index|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate= 1 Septyembre 2009|archive-date= 13 Hunyo 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_year=2006
|Gini_category=&lt;span style=&quot;color:#e0584e;&quot;&gt;high&lt;/span&gt;
|HDI_year           = 2007
|HDI                = {{Increase}} 0.866&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Human Development Report 2009]. The United Nations. Retrieved 5 Oktubre 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank           = 49th
|HDI_category=&lt;span style=&quot;color:#090;&quot;&gt;high&lt;/span&gt;
|currency=[[Argentine peso|Peso]]
|currency_code=ARS
|time_zone=[[Time in Argentina|ART]]
|utc_offset=-3
&lt;!-- |time_zone_DST=ART
|utc_offset_DST=-2 DST Suspended so far...--&gt;
|demonym=Argentine, Argentinian, Argentinean
|drives_on=right (trains ride on the left)
|cctld=[[.ar]]
|calling_code=[[+54]]
}}
[[Paypay:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Salta (probinsya)|Salta]]]]
An '''Argentina''' (kaluwas &quot;ar-hen-TI-na&quot;; puyde liwat igsurat ha Winaray nga '''Arhentina'''), nga tinatawag hin opisyal nga '''Republika Argentina''' (puyde liwat '''Republika nga Arhentihanon'''; ha [[Kinatsila]] '''''República Argentina'''''), usa nga nasod ha [[Salatan nga Amerika]] o América del Sur, nga nahimo komo usa nga federasyon hin 23 nga mga lalawigan ngan hin usa nga naglulugaring nga syudad o syudad nga may autonomo. Amo ini an ikaduha nga gidako-i nga nasod ha Salatan nga Amerika ngan ika-walo ha kalibutan hin kahaluag hin katunaan ngan amo an gidakoi ha mga nasod nga nayakan hin Kinatsila, bisan man kon an [[Mehiko]], [[Colombia]] ngan [[Espanya]] darudako pa hin katawhan o populasyon. An kahaluag hini ha kontinente amo in 2,766,890 ka kilometro, butnga han kabugkiran han Andes ha katundan ngan han salatan nga Kalawdan Atlantico ha sidlangan ngan salatan. An Argentina ginsasapitan han [[Paraguay]] ngan [[Bolivia]] ha amihanan, han [[Brasil]] ngan [[Uruguay]] ha dumagsaan o amihanan-sidlangan, ngan [[Chile]] ha katundan ngan salatan. An Argentina nag-angkon liwat hin 969,464 ka kilometro han [[Antarctica]], nga tinatawag nga Antartica nga Argentina, nga naglalakip gihapon han mga pag-angkon han Chile (Teritoryo Antarctico Chileno) ngan han [[Reino Unido]] (Teritoryo Antarctico Britanico); an ngatanan nga mga pag-angkon mahitungod han Antarctica ginsuspendir han [[Tratado Antarctico]] han 1961.

==Mga probinsya han Argentina==
An mga probinsya o lalawigan han Argentina, upod an ira mga kahaluag ngan katawhan amo an mga nasunod:

{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float: auto; text-align:right; font-size:90%; width:100%; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background:F5F5F5; &quot;
|- align=center style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot; 
  ! !! Probinsya!! Kapital !! Katawhan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(est. 2008)&lt;/small&gt; !! Kahaluag&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(en km²)&lt;/small&gt; !! &lt;small&gt;GSP/PBG ha tagsa kapita&lt;ref&gt;Estimación elaborada por la consultora Abeceb, a septiembre de 2008, en base a indicadores de ingresos, productivos y fiscales (nacionales como provinciales), a precios corrientes. [http://www.google.com.ar/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;ct=res&amp;cd=1&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diadenegocios.com%2Farchivos%2F200809%2Feconomias%2520pciales.doc&amp;ei=BihGSczHOIaeeo31rdoI&amp;usg=AFQjCNFjVRrLTt-Mugm3-fJFx4cg-rwbXw&amp;sig2=YGwheRcMxThoqfMO8AsBWw Informe completo].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(U$S, 2008, est.)&lt;/small&gt; !! Mapa
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg|30px|border]]|| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=left colspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Buenos Aires|Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires]]'''&lt;ref&gt;An Syudad han Buenos Aires usa nga entidad ha ikaduha nga grado konstitusyonal pero diri ini gin-organisa sugad hin lalawigan kondi sugad hin ispisyal nga rehimen  (Syudad Autonoma), sugad hin kalugaringon nga probinsya.&lt;/ref&gt; || 3.042.581 || 203 || 23.309 || style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5;&quot; rowspan=50 | [[Paypay:Argentina politico sin capitales.svg|235px|link=]]
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.svg|30px|link=|border]]|| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=left |'''[[Provincia de Buenos Aires|Provincia&lt;br /&gt;de Buenos Aires]]''' || align=left | [[La Plata]]  || 15.052.177 || 307.571 || 7.310
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Catamarca.svg|30px|border]]|| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=left |'''[[Catamarca (probinsya)|Catamarca]]''' || align=left| [[San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca|San Fdo. del Valle&lt;br /&gt;de Catamarca]] || 388.416 || 102.602 || 6.009
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia del Chaco.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Chaco (probinsya)|Chaco]]''' || align=left| [[Resistencia, Chaco|Resistencia]] || 1.052.185 || 99.633  || 2.015
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia del Chubut.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Chubut]]''' || align=left| [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]] || 460.684 || 224.686 || 15.422
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Córdoba 2014.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Provincia de Córdoba (Argentina)|Córdoba]]''' || align=left| [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] || 3.340.041 || 165.321 || 6.477
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Corrientes.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Corrientes (probinsya)|Corrientes]]''' || align=left| [[Corrientes, Corrientes|Corrientes]] ||  1.013.443 || 88.199 || 4.001
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Entre Ríos.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Entre Ríos (probinsya)|Entre Ríos]]''' || align=left| [[Paraná, Entre Ríos|Paraná]] ||  1.255.787 || 78.781 || 5.682
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Formosa.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Formosa (probinsya)|Formosa]]''' || align=left| [[Formosa, Formosa|Formosa]] || 539.883 || 72.066 || 2.879
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Jujuy.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Jujuy (probinsya)|Jujuy]]''' || align=left| [[San Salvador de Jujuy|San Salvador&lt;br /&gt;de Jujuy]] || 679.975 || 53.219 || 3.755
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de La Pampa.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[La Pampa (probinsya)|La Pampa]]''' || align=left| [[Santa Rosa, La Pampa|Santa Rosa]] || 333.550 || 143.440 || 5.987
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de La Rioja.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]]''' || align=left| [[La Rioja (syudad ha Argentina)|La Rioja]] || 341.207 || 89.680 || 4.162
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Mendoza.svg|30px|border]] || align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Mendoza (probinsya)|Mendoza]]''' || align=left| [[Mendoza, Mendoza|Mendoza]] || 1.729.660 || 148.827 || 9.079
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Misiones.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Misiones]]''' || align=left| [[Posadas, Misiones|Posadas]] || 1.077.987 || 29.801 || 3.751
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia del Neuquen.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Neuquén (probinsya)|Neuquén]]''' || align=left| [[Neuquén, Neuquén|Neuquén]] || 547.742 || 94.078 || 26.273
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |[[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia del Río Negro.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Río Negro (probinsya)|Río Negro]]''' || align=left| [[Viedma, Río Negro|Viedma]] || 597.476 || 203.013 || 8.247
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Salta.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Salta (probinsya)|Salta]]''' || align=left| [[Salta, Salta|Salta]] || 1.224.022 || 155.488 || 4.220
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Flag of the San Juan Province.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[San Juan (probinsya)|San Juan]]''' || align=left| [[San Juan, San Juan|San Juan]] || 695.640 || 89.651 || 5.642
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de San Luis.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[San Luis (probinsya)|San Luis]]''' || align=left| [[San Luis, San Luís|San Luis]] || 437.544  || 76.748 || 5.580
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Santa Cruz.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Santa Cruz (probinsya)|Santa Cruz]]''' || align=left| [[Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz|Río Gallegos]] || 225.920 || 243.943 || 30.496
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Santa Fe.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Santa Fe (probinsya)|Santa Fe]]''' || align=left| [[Santa Fe, Santa Fe|Santa Fe]] ||  3.242.551 || 133.007 || 8.423
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Santiago del Estero.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Santiago del Estero (probinsya)|Santiago del Estero]]''' || align=left| [[Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero|Santiago del Estero]] ||  865.546 || 136.351 || 3.003
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]]''' || align=left| [[Ushuaia]] || 126.212&lt;ref name=&quot;Malvinas Argentinas&quot;&gt;Diri gin-upod an 980.874 ka km² han Antártida Argentina ngan an las Islas del Atlántico Sur nga okupada han Reino Unido, nga diin an Argentina mayda reclama hin soberaniya, nga nabug-os an kahaluag nga 3.761.274 ka km².&lt;/ref&gt; || 21.478 || 20.682
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | [[Paypay:Bandera de la Provincia de Tucumán.svg|30px|border]]|| align=left style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; |'''[[Tucumán (probinsya)|Tucumán]]''' || align=left| [[San Miguel de Tucumán|San Miguel&lt;br /&gt;de Tucumán]] || 1.475.384  || 22.524 || 3.937
|-
!style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Paypay:Flag of Argentina.svg|30px|border]] '''Bug-os nga Nasod ''' || style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | '''39.745.613'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Malvinas Argentinas&quot; /&gt; || style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;  | '''2.780.400''' || style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | '''8.269'''
|}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Bibliograpiya==
;Legal nga mga dokumento
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation|url=http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/interes/constitucion/english.php|title=Constitution of the Argentine Nation|authors=National Constituent Convention|place=Santa Fe|date=22 Agosto 1994|ref={{harvid|Constitution of Argentina}}}}
{{refend}}

;Artikulo
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Bolt|first1=Jutta|last2=Van Zanden|first2=Jan Luiten|title=The First Update of the Maddison Project; Re-estimating Growth Before 1820|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data/mpd_2013-01.xlsx|format=XLS|work=Maddison Project Working Paper 4|publisher=|place=|date=2013|ref=harv|access-date=2015-01-11|archive-date=2018-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105044340/http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data/mpd_2013-01.xlsx|url-status=}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Colantoni|first1=Laura|last2=Gurlekian|first2=Jorge|title=Convergence and intonation. Historical evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish|journal=Bilingualism: Language and Cognition|volume=7|issue=2|publisher=Cambridge University Press|place=Cambridge, UK|date= Agosto 2004|pages=107–119|doi=10.1017/S1366728904001488|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Cruz, Jr.|first1=Arturo|title=Glory Past but Not Forgotten|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_insight-on-the-news_1990-08-06_6_32/page/8|work=Insight on the News|volume=6|issue=32|publisher=News World Communications|place=New York, NY, USA|date=6 Agosto 1990|page=8|ref={{harvid|Cruz|1990}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=DellaPergola|first1=Sergio|authorlink=Sergio DellaPergola|title=World Jewish Population, 2013|url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3113|format=PDF|volume=113|editor1-last=Dashefsky|editor1-first=Arnold|editor1-link=Arnold Dashefsky|editor2-last=Sheskin|editor2-first=Ira|work=The American Jewish Year Book, 2013|publisher=Springer|place=Dordrecht, The Netherlands|date=2013|pages=279–358|isbn=978-3319016580|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Long|first1=Marshall|title=What is So Special About Shoebox Halls? Envelopment, Envelopment, Envelopment|url=http://mlacoustics.com/PDF/Shoebox.pdf|format=PDF|work=Acoustics Today|volume=5|issue=2|publisher=ASA – Acoustical Society of America|date=Abril 2009|pages=21–25|doi=10.1121/1.3182843|ref=harv|access-date=11 Enero 2015|archive-date=8 Agosto 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808081005/http://www.mlacoustics.com/PDF/Shoebox.pdf|url-status=}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Malamud|first=Andrés|title=A Leader Without Followers? The Growing Divergence Between the Regional and Global Performance of Brazilian Foreign Policy|journal=Latin American Politics and Society|volume=53|issue=3|publisher=Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon|place=Lisbon|edition=Fall 2011|pages=1–24|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Mallimaci|first1=Fortunato|last2=Esquivel|first2=Juan Cruz|last3=Irrazábal|first3=Gabriela|title=Primera Encuesta Sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas En Argentina|url=http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/encuesta1.pdf|format=PDF|journal=|publisher=CONICET – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas|place=Buenos Aires|date=26 Agosto 2008|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Don|title=Argentina: Radio with a Past|work=Monitoring Times|publisher=Grove Enterprises|place=Brasstown, North Carolina, US|date= Enero 1995|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Solomon|first1=Hussein|title=South African Foreign Policy, Middle Power Leadership and Preventive Diplomacy|url=http://www.cips.up.ac.za/files/pdf/uafspublications/South%20African%20foreign%20policy%2C%20middle%20power%20leadership%20and%20preventive%20diplomacy.pdf|format=PDF|journal=|publisher=Centre for International Political Studies|place=Pretoria, South Africa|date=1997|ref=harv|access-date=11 Enero 2015|archive-date=19 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419052314/http://www.cips.up.ac.za/files/pdf/uafspublications/South%20African%20foreign%20policy%2C%20middle%20power%20leadership%20and%20preventive%20diplomacy.pdf|url-status=dead}}
{{refend}}

;Mga libro
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Abad de Santillán|first=Diego|authorlink=Diego Abad de Santillán|title=Historia Argentina|publisher=Tipográfica Editora Argentina|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1971|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Adler|first1=Emanuel|last2=Greve|first2=Patricia|title=Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global|series=Review of International Studies|volume=35|contribution=When security community meets balance of power: overlapping regional mechanisms of security governance|editor-last=Fawn|editor-first=Rick|publisher=Cambridge University Press|place=Cambridge, UK| date = 2009|pages=59–84|isbn=978-0521759885|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Aeberhard|first1=Danny|last2=Benson|first2=Andrew|last3=Phillips|first3=Lucy|title=The rough guide to Argentina|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoarge0000aebe_z0y6|publisher=Rough Guides|place=London| date = 2000|isbn=978-1858285696|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Akstinat|first=Björn|title=Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Presse im Ausland|publisher=IMH–Verlag|place=Berlin| date = 2013|language=German|isbn=978-3981515817|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Arbena|first=Joseph|title=Sport in Latin America and the Caribbean|contribution=In Search of the Latin American Female Athlete|editor-last1=Arbena|editor-first1=Joseph|editor-last2=LaFrance|editor-first2=David Gerald|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|place=Lanham, MD, USA| date = 2002|pages=219–232|isbn=978-0842028219|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Arbena|editor-first1=Joseph|editor-last2=LaFrance|editor-first2=David Gerald|title=Sport in Latin America and the Caribbean|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|place=Lanham, MD, USA| date = 2002|isbn=978-0842028219|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=John|title=Evita, First Lady: A Biography of Eva Perón|url=https://archive.org/details/evitafirstlady00john|publisher=Grove Press|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 1978|isbn=978-0802134790|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bidart Campos|first=Germán J.|title=Manual de la Constitución Reformada|volume=I|publisher=Ediar|place=Buenos Aires| date = 2005|language=Spanish|isbn=950-5741219|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bloom|first=Harold|title=The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/westerncanonbook00bloorich|publisher=Harcourt Brace &amp; Company|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 1994|isbn=978-1573225144|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Boughton|first=James M.|title=Tearing Down Walls. The International Monetary Fund 1990–1999|publisher=International Monetary Fund|place=Washington, D. C.| date = 2012|isbn=978-1616350840|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Calvo|first=Carlos|title=Anales históricos de la revolucion de la América latina, acompañados de los documentos en su apoyo. Desde el año 1808 hasta el reconocimiento de la independencia de ese extenso continente|volume=2|publisher=A. Durand|place=Paris| date = 1864|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Crooker|first=Richard A.|title=Argentina|publisher=Infobase Publishing|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 2009|isbn=978-1438104812|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Crow|first=John A.|title=The Epic of Latin America|url=https://archive.org/details/epicoflatinameri00crow|edition=4th|publisher=University of California Press|place=Berkeley, California| date = 1992|isbn=978-0520077232|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Díaz Alejandro|first=Carlos F.|title=Essays on the Economic History of the Argentine Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/essaysoneconomic0000diaz|publisher=Yale University Press|place=New Haven, CT, USA| date = 1970|isbn=978-0300011937|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dougall|first=Angus|title=The Greatest Racing Driver|publisher=Balboa Press|place=Bloomington, IN, USA| date = 2013|isbn=978-1452510965|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=Todd L.|title=Argentina: A Global Studies Handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/argentinaglobals0000edwa|publisher=ABC-CLIO|place=Santa Barbara, California| date = 2008|isbn=978-1851099863|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Epstein|first1=Edward|last2=Pion-Berlin|first2=David|title=Broken Promises?: The Argentine Crisis and Argentine Democracy|contribution=The Crisis of 2001 and Argentine Democracy|editor-last1=Epstein|editor-first1=Edward|editor-last2=Pion-Berlin|editor-first2=David|publisher=Lexington Books|place=Lanham, MD, USA| date = 2006|pages=3–26|isbn=978-0739109281|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fayt|first=Carlos S.|authorlink=Carlos Fayt|title=Derecho Político|volume=I|edition=6th|publisher=Depalma|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1985|language=Spanish|isbn=978-9501402766|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Fearns|first1=Les|last2=Fearns|first2=Daisy|title=Argentina|url=https://archive.org/details/argentina0000fear_l2j3|publisher=Evans Brothers|place=London| date = 2005|isbn=978-0237527594|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ferro|first=Carlos A.|title=Historia de la Bandera Argentina|publisher=Ediciones Depalma|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1991|language=Spanish|isbn=978-9501406108|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Foster|first1=David W.|last2=Lockhart|first2=Melissa F.|last3=Lockhart|first3=Darrell B.|title=Culture and Customs of Argentina|url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00fost|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|place=Westport, CT, USA| date = 1998|isbn=978-0313303197|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Friedman|first=Ian C.|title=Latino Athletes|url=https://archive.org/details/latinoathletesat00ianc|publisher=Infobase Publishing|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 2007|isbn=978-1438107844|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Galasso|first=Norberto|authorlink=Norberto Galasso|title=Historia de la Argentina, vol. I&amp;II|publisher=Colihue|place=Buenos Aires| date = 2011|language=Spanish|isbn=978-9505634781|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Huntington|first=Samuel P.|authorlink=Samuel P. Huntington|title=Globalization, Power, and Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/globalizationpow0000unse|contribution=Culture, Power, and Democracy|editor-last=Plattner|editor-first=Marc|editor2-last=Smolar|editor2-first=Aleksander|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|place=Baltimore, MD, USA| date = 2000|pages=[https://archive.org/details/globalizationpow0000unse/page/n3 3]–13|isbn=978-0801865688|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=King|first=John|title=Magical Reels: A History of Cinema in Latin America|url=https://archive.org/details/magicalreelshist0000king_l8g8|series=Critical Studies in Latin American &amp; Iberian Cultures|publisher=Verso|place=London| date = 2000|isbn=978-1859842331|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kopka|first=Deborah|title=Central &amp; South America|url=https://archive.org/details/centralsouthamer0000kopk|publisher=Lorenz Educational Press|place=Dayton, OH, USA| date = 2011|isbn=978-1429122511|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lake|first=David|title=Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global|series=Review of International Studies|volume=35|contribution=Regional Hierarchies: Authority and Local International Order|editor-last=Fawn|editor-first=Rick|publisher=Cambridge University Press|place=Cambridge, UK| date = 2009|pages=35–58|isbn=978-0521759885|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Levene|first=Ricardo|title=Desde la Revolución de Mayo a la Asamblea de 1813–15|series=Historia del Derecho Argentino|volume=IV|publisher=Editorial G. Kraf|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1948|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Daniel K.|title=The History of Argentina|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofargenti00lewi|series=Palgrave Essential Histories Series|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|place=New York. NY, USA| date = 2003|isbn=978-1403962546|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Lewis|editor-first1=M. Paul|editor-last2=Simons|editor-first2=Gary F.|editor-last3=Fennig|editor-first3=Charles D.|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=17th|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics International|place=Dallas, TX, USA| date = 2014|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Paul|title=The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism|url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofargentin0000lewi|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|place=Chapel Hill, NC, USA| date = 1990|isbn=978-0807843567|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Maddison|first=Angus|authorlink=Angus Maddison|title=Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992|url=https://archive.org/details/monitoringworlde0000madd|publisher=OECD Publishing|place=Paris| date = 1995|isbn=978-9264145498|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Maddison|first=Angus|authorlink=Angus Maddison|title=The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/worldeconomymill0000angu|publisher=OECD Publishing|place=| date = 2001|isbn=978-9264186545|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Maldifassi|first1=José O.|last2=Abetti|first2=Pier A.|title=Defense industries in Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, and Chile|url=https://archive.org/details/defenseindustrie0000mald|publisher=Praeger| date = 1994|isbn=978-0275947293|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Margheritis|first=Ana|title=Argentina's foreign policy: domestic politics and democracy promotion in the Americas|publisher=FirstForumPress|place=Boulder, CO, USA| date = 2010|isbn=978-1935049197|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=McCloskey|first1=Erin|last2=Burford|first2=Tim|title=Argentina|url=https://archive.org/details/argentina0000mccl|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|place=Guilford, CT, USA| date = 2006|isbn=978-1841621388|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=McKinney|first=Kevin|title=Everyday geography|url=https://archive.org/details/everydaygeograph0000mcki|publisher=GuildAmerica Books|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 1993|isbn=978-1568650326|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Menutti|first1=Adela|last2=Menutti|first2=María Mercedes|title=Geografía Argentina y Universal|publisher=Edil|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1980|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Morris|first=Michael|title=The Strait of Magellan|series=International Straits of the World|volume=11|editor-last=Mangone|editor-first=Gerard|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishes|place=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| date = 1988|isbn=978-0792301813|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mosk|first=Sanford A.|title=People and Issues in Latin American History|volume=II: From Independence to the Present|contribution=Latin America and the World Economy, 1850–1914|editor-last1=Hanke|editor-first1=Lewis|editor-last2=Rausch|editor-first2=Jane M.|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishing|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 1990|pages=86–96|isbn=978-1558760189|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Nauright|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Parrish|editor2-first=Charles|title=Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice|volume=3|publisher=ABC-CLIO|place=Santa Barbara, California| date = 2012|isbn=978-1598843019|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nierop|first=Tom|title=The Territorial Factor|contribution=The Clash of Civilisations|editor-last=Dijkink|editor-first=Gertjan|editor2-last=Knippenberg|editor2-first=Hans|publisher=Vossiuspers UvA – Amsterdam University Press|place=Amsterdam| date = 2001|pages=51–76|isbn=978-9056291884|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Papadopoulos|first=Anestis|title=The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|place=Cambridge, UK| date = 2010|isbn=978-0521196468|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rey Balmaceda|first=Raúl|title=Mi país, la Argentina|publisher=Arte Gráfico Editorial Argentino|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1995|language=Spanish|isbn=84-599-3442-X|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rivas|first=José Andrés|title=Santiago en sus letras: antología criticotemática de las letras santiagueñas|publisher=Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero|place=Santiago del Estero, SE, Argentina| date = 1989|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Robben|first=Antonius C. G. M.|title=Political Violence and Trauma in Argentina|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|place=Philadelphia, PA, USA| date = 2011|isbn=978-0812203318|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rock|first=David|authorlink=David Rock (historian)|title=Argentina, 1516–1987: From Spanish Colonization to the Falklands War|url=https://archive.org/details/argentina15161980000rock_m1i9|publisher=University of California Press|place=Berkeley, California| date = 1987|isbn=978-0520061781|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rodríguez|first=Robert G.|title=The Regulation of Boxing: A History and Comparative Analysis of Policies Among American States|publisher=McFarland|place=Jefferson, NC, USA| date = 2009|isbn=978-0786452842|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rosenblat|first=Ángel|authorlink=Ángel Rosenblat|title=El nombre de la Argentina|publisher=EUDEBA – Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1964|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ruiz-Dana|first=Alejandra|last2=Goldschag|first2=Peter|last3=Claro|first3=Edmundo|last4=Blanco|first4=Hernán|title=Regional Trade Integration and Conflict Resolution|contribution=Regional Integration, Trade and Conflicts in Latin America|editor-last=Khan|editor-first=Shaheen Rafi|publisher=Routledge|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 2009|pages=15–44|isbn=978-0415476737|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sánchez Viamonte|first=Carlos|title=Historia Institucional Argentina|edition=2nd|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|place=Mexico D. F.| date = 1948|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Traba|first=Juan|title=Origen de la palabra &quot;¿¡Argentina!?&quot;|publisher=Escuela de Artes Gráficas del Colegio San José|place=Rosario, SF, Argentina| date = 1985|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Vanossi|first=Jorge R.|series=Cuadernos de ciencia política de la Asociación Argentina de Ciencia Política|volume=2|title=Situación actual del federalismo: aspectos institucionales y económicos, en particular sobre la realidad argentina|publisher=Ediciones Depalma|place=Buenos Aires| date = 1964|language=Spanish|isbn=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wood|first=Bernard|title=The middle powers and the general interest|url=https://archive.org/details/middlepowersgene0000wood|publisher=North–South Institute|place=Ottawa| date = 1988|isbn=978-0920494813|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Young|first1=Richard|last2=Cisneros|first2=Odile|title=Historical Dictionary of Latin American Literature and Theater|publisher=Scarecrow Press|place=Lanham, MD, USA| date = 2010|isbn=978-0810874985|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Young|first=Ronald|title=Encyclopedia of World Geography|volume=I|contribution=Argentina|editor-last=McColl|editor-first=Robert W.|publisher=Golson Books|place=New York, NY, USA| date = 2005|pages=51–53|isbn=978-0816072293|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{sister project links|voy=Argentina|n=Argentina}}
;Gobyerno
* {{external link|url=http://www.argentina.gob.ar/|name=Argentina|official=yes|language=es}}

;Biyahe ngan turismo
* {{external link|url=http://www.turismo.gov.ar/eng/menu.htm|name=Argentina Ministry of Tourism|official=yes}}
* {{external link|url=http://www.argentina.travel/en|name=National Institute of Tourism Promotion|official=yes}}

;Bawbaw nga paglantaw
* {{CIA World Factbook link|ar|Argentina}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Argentina}}
* {{external link|url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/argentina/|name=Argentina|site=[[Latin American Network Information Center]]}}
* {{external link|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/argentina.htm|name=Argentina|site=[[University of Colorado Boulder|University Libraries – University of Colorado Boulder]]}}
* {{external link|url=http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=AR|name=Key Development Forecasts for Argentina|site=[[International Futures]]}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|286393}}
* {{Wikipedia books link|Argentina}}
* {{Wikiatlas|Argentina}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga nasod ha Salatan nga Amerika]]
[[Kaarangay:Argentina (Argentinidae)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ayam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="5179" sha1="0840p8uh6l29nb6qcbmmelpekksx4am" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name               = Ayam
| fossil_range = Late [[Pleistocene]]&amp;nbsp;– Recent
| status             = DOM
| image              = Yorkie and Shih Tzu.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption      = Yorkshire Terrier (wala) ngan Shih Tzu (to-o)
| regnum             = [[Animal]]ia
| subregnum = [[Eumetazoa]]
| phylum             = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subphylum          = [[Vertebrata]]
| classis            = [[Mammal]]ia
| subclassis            = [[Theria]]
| ordo               = [[Carnivora]]
| subordo = [[Caniformia]]
| familia            = [[Canidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Caninae]]
| tribus = [[Canini]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Macdonald |first=David |coauthors=Claudio Sillero-Zubiri |title=The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |date=2004 |pages=45–46 |isbn=0198515561}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus              = ''[[Canis]]''
| species            = ''[[Gray Wolf|C. lupus]]''
| subspecies = '''''C. l. familiaris'''''
| trinomial = ''Canis lupus familiaris''
| synonyms           = *''Canis familiaris''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Canis familiaris domesticus''
}}
An '''Ayam''' o '''idó''' (Iningles:Dog) (Pambansa:Aso) &lt;ref&gt;Ha pira nga dapit ha Leyte, Biliran, ug Samar, an pulong nga ''idó'' o bis pangani ''idô'' amo in ginagamit nga pulong imbes nga ''ayam''.  Kitaa pananglitan an '''Waray-English Dictionary''' ni George Dewey Tramp pakli 203 Dunwoody Press, Maryland, USA 1996&lt;/ref&gt; (''Canis lupus familiaris'') amo an usa ka klase nga [[mammal]] nga kauropod ha pamilya [[Canidae]]. Ginaataman ini nga hayop han mga tawo ha maiha na nga matahon. An mga ayam nagagamitan han katawhan ha damo nga butang sugad ha trabaho, pagbantay ha panimalay nga alaga. Damo naayon pag-alaga hin ayam kay makisasangkayon hira nga namamati ha tawo.

==Etymolohiya==
An '''ayam''' amo an Winaray, Hiligaynon, ngan Bikolano san hayop na gintatawag naman ha Tagalog ngan Ilokano na &quot;aso&quot;. Sa iba na parte han [[Samar]] ngan [[Leyte]] ug bisan sa Bikol &quot;ido&quot; an gamit na termino para sa ayam. 

An bata nga ayam amo an gintatawag nga &quot;tiyô&quot; o &quot;idô&quot; ha Winaray. Posible na usa la an gintikangan han termino na Winaray na &quot;ido&quot; ngan han Cebuano ''iro'' ug an Tausog na &quot;iru' &quot;, ngan sa Hawaiian &quot; ʻīlio &quot;.

==Taxonomiya==
Sadton 1753, iguin-lista ni [[Carl Linnaeus]] sa mga klase  san ''[[quadruped]]'' na pamilyar ha iya an ''canis'', an Latin na termino san ayam. Kaupod na mga specie sini na gin-tala ni Linnaeus an ''[[fox]]'' (na gin-ngaranan niya na ''Canis vulpes''), [[Canis lupus |lobo]] (''Canis lupus''), ngan an ayam (''Canis canis''). San mga sumunod na mga edition, gin-tanggal ni Linnaeus an ''Canis canis'' ngan gin-pahilaba an lista niya san genus ''Canis'', ngan sadton 1758 kaupod san listahan an ''fox'', mga lobo, ngan [[Canis aureus|jackals]] ngan daramo na ngaran san ayam, sugad san ''aegyptius'', ''aquaticus'', ngan ''mustelinus''. Kaupod liwat sini an duha na sikat na ngaran san ayam bilang usa na specie: an ''Canis domesticus'' ngan ''Canis familiaris''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last = Linnaeus| first = Carolus| authorlink = Carolus Linnaeus| title = Systema naturae per regna tria naturae:secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.| publisher=Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii)| date = 1758| page = 38| url = http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726931| accessdate =8 Septyembre 2008| volume = 1| edition = 10th}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Bibliograpiya==
*{{Cite book|author=Miklósi, Adám |title=Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition|url=http://books.google.com/?id=KnVEIrVNGhIC| date = 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-929585-2|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295852.001.0001}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
*{{Cite encyclopedia |title=World Atlas of Dog Breeds |type=Hardcover |edition=1 Septyembre 2005  |first1=Dominique |last1=De Vito |pages=960 pages |location=Neptune City, NJ; Lanham, MD |type=Print |date= Marso 1995 |publisher=TFH Publications, Inc. |edition=6th  |date=1 Septyembre 2005 |isbn=0793806569 |id=ISBN 978-0793806560}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Atlas of Dog Breeds of the World |edition=5th |first1=Bonnie |last1=Wilcox |first2=Chris |last2=Walkowicz |isbn=0793812844 |id=ISBN 9780793812844 |location=Neptune City, NJ; Lanham, MD |type=Print |pages=912 |date= Marso 1995 |publisher=TFH Publications}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|wikt=dog|species=Canis lupus familiaris|v=no|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dog|q=Dogs|b=Dog Care}}
* [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Canis_lupus_familiaris Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography] for ''Canis lupus familiaris''
* [http://www.fci.be/ Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) – World Canine Organisation]
* [http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/184/ Dogs in the Ancient World], an article on the history of dogs
* View the [http://www.ensembl.org/Canis_familiaris/Info/Index dog genome] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213145734/http://www.ensembl.org/Canis_familiaris/Info/Index |date= 13 Disyembre 2013 }} on [[Ensembl]]

{{Wikispecies|Canis lupus familiaris}}

[[Kaarangay:Hinoptan nga mga hayop]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Los Angeles</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8994</id>
    <revision>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="17356" sha1="8zstasr271i3j0lp40yzw8f9cqbu0sx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox panimungto
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Los Angeles
| official_name           = 
| native_name             = &lt;!-- if different from the English name --&gt;
| native_name_lang        = &lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;fr&quot; for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --&gt;
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = syudad
&lt;!-- transliteration(s) --------&gt;
| translit_lang1          = 
| translit_lang1_type     = 
| translit_lang1_info     = 
| translit_lang1_type1    = 
| translit_lang1_info1    = 
| translit_lang1_type2    = 
| translit_lang1_info2    = &lt;!-- etc., up to translit_lang1_type6 / translit_lang1_info6 --&gt;
| translit_lang2          = 
| translit_lang2_type     = 
| translit_lang2_info     = 
| translit_lang2_type1    = 
| translit_lang2_info1    = 
| translit_lang2_type2    = 
| translit_lang2_info2    = 
| translit_lang2_info2    = &lt;!-- etc., up to translit_lang2_type6 / translit_lang2_info6 --&gt;
&lt;!-- images, nickname, motto ---&gt;
| image_skyline           = New LA Infobox Pic Montage 5.jpg
| imagesize               = 250px
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| flag_size               = 
| flag_alt                = 
| flag_link               =
| image_seal              = 
| seal_size               = 
| seal_alt                = 
| seal_link               = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_size             = 
| shield_alt              = 
| shield_link             = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| blank_emblem_type       = &lt;!-- defaults to Logo --&gt;
| blank_emblem_size       = 
| blank_emblem_alt        = 
| blank_emblem_link       = 
| nickname                = L.A., the City of Angels,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Atlanta works on its sales pitch: Convention bureau's chief sticks to basics in marketing the city|last=Stafford|first=Leon|work=The Atlanta Journal - Constitution|date=7 Enero 2010|page=1|url=http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&amp;orgId=574&amp;topicId=100020422&amp;docId=l:1103602102&amp;start=4|accessdate=1 Oktubre 2011|archive-date=26 Nobyembre 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126202604/http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&amp;orgId=574&amp;topicId=100020422&amp;docId=l%3A1103602102&amp;start=4|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angeltown,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A Teflon Metropolis Where No Nicknames Stick|last=Smith|first=Jack|work=Los Angeles Times|date=12 Oktubre 1989|page=1|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-12/news/vw-168_1_los-angeles|accessdate=1 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; La-La Land&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/la-la-land-now-the-dictionary-definition-of-los-angeles.html | title = 'La-La Land,' now the dictionary definition of Los Angeles | publisher = Los Angeles Times | date = 25 Marso 2011 | accessdate = 29 Septyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| motto                   = 
| anthem                  = 
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;
| image_map               = 
| mapsize                 = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| image_map1              = 
| mapsize1                = 
| map_alt1                = 
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| dot_mapsize             = 
| dot_map_base_alt        = 
| dot_map_alt             = 
| dot_map_caption         = 
| dot_x = |dot_y = 
| pushpin_map             = &lt;!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = &lt;!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
| pushpin_label           = &lt;!-- only necessary if &quot;name&quot; or &quot;official_name&quot; are too long --&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_mapsize         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     =  
| pushpin_map1            = 
| pushpin_label_position1 = 
| pushpin_label1          = &lt;!-- only necessary if &quot;name&quot; or &quot;official_name&quot; are too long --&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt1        = 
| pushpin_mapsize1        = 
| pushpin_map_caption1    = 
| latd  =  |latm  =  |lats  =  |latNS  = 
| longd =  |longm =  |longs =  |longEW = 
| coor_pinpoint           = &lt;!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --&gt;
| coordinates_type        = 
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes   = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;
| subdivision_type        = Nasod
| subdivision_name        = Estados Unidos
| subdivision_type1       = Estado
| subdivision_name1       = California
| subdivision_type2       = Condado
| subdivision_name2       = [[Condado han Los Angeles, California|Condado han Los Angeles]]
&lt;!-- established ---------------&gt;
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| established_title1      = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
| established_date1       = 
| established_title2      = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
| established_date2       = 
| established_title3      = 
| established_date3       = 
| extinct_title           = 
| extinct_date            = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- defaults to: Seat --&gt;
| seat                    = 
| parts_type              = &lt;!-- defaults to: Boroughs --&gt;
| parts_style             = &lt;!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --&gt;
| parts                   = &lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
| p1                      = 
| p2                      = &lt;!-- etc., up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;
&lt;!-- government type, leaders --&gt;
| government_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| government_type         = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = &lt;!-- add &amp;nbsp; (no-break space) to disable automatic links --&gt;
| leader_title1           = 
| leader_name1            = &lt;!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --&gt;
&lt;!-- display settings  ---------&gt;
| total_type              = &lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;
| unit_pref               = &lt;!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --&gt;
&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| area_magnitude          = &lt;!-- use only to set a special wikilink --&gt;
| area_total_km2          = &lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --&gt;
| area_total_sq_mi        = &lt;!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --&gt;
| area_total_dunam        = &lt;!-- used in Middle East articles only --&gt;
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_sq_mi        = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_urban_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| area_urban_km2          = 
| area_urban_sq_mi        = 
| area_metro_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| area_metro_km2          = 
| area_metro_sq_mi        = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_blank1_title       = 
| area_blank1_km2         = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi       = 
| area_blank2_title       = 
| area_blank2_km2         = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi       = 
| area_note               = 
&lt;!-- elevation -----------------&gt;
| elevation_footnotes     = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_ft            = 
| elevation_max_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| elevation_max_m         = 
| elevation_max_ft        = 
| elevation_min_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_min_ft        = 
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;
| population_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| population_total        = 
| population_as_of        = 
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = &lt;!-- for automatic calculation of any density field, use: auto --&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi= 
| population_est          = 
| pop_est_as_of           = 
| population_urban        = 
| population_density_urban_km2   = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
| population_metro        = 
| population_density_metro_km2   = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_density      = 
| population_density_rank = 
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1       = 
| population_density_blank1_km2  = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi= 
| population_blank2_title = 
| population_blank2       = 
| population_density_blank2_km2  = 
| population_density_blank2_sq_mi= 
| population_demonym      = &lt;!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --&gt;
| population_note         = 
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = 
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = 
| demographics1_info1     = &lt;!-- etc., up to demographics1_title5 / demographics1_info5 --&gt;
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = 
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = 
| demographics2_info1     = &lt;!-- etc., up to demographics2_title5 / demographics2_info5 --&gt;
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;
| timezone1               = 
| utc_offset1             = 
| timezone1_DST           = 
| utc_offset1_DST         = 
| timezone2               = 
| utc_offset2             = 
| timezone2_DST           = 
| utc_offset2_DST         = 
&lt;!-- postal codes, area code ---&gt;
| postal_code_type        = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code             = 
| postal2_code_type       = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal2_code            = 
| area_code_type          = &lt;!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --&gt;
| area_code               = 
| geocode                 =
| iso_code                = 
| registration_plate      =
&lt;!-- twin cities ---------------&gt;
| twin1                   = 
| twin1_country           = 
| twin2                   = 
| twin2_country           = &lt;!-- etc., up to twin9 / twin9_country --&gt;
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 1) --&gt;
| blank_name_sec1         = 
| blank_info_sec1         = 
| blank1_name_sec1        = 
| blank1_info_sec1        = 
| blank2_name_sec1        = 
| blank2_info_sec1        = &lt;!-- etc., blank6_name_sec1 / blank6_info_sec1 --&gt;
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
| blank_name_sec2         = 
| blank_info_sec2         = 
| blank1_name_sec2        = 
| blank1_info_sec2        = 
| blank2_name_sec2        = 
| blank2_info_sec2        = &lt;!-- etc., blank6_name_sec2 / blank6_info_sec2 --&gt;
&lt;!-- website, footnotes --------&gt;
| website                 = [http://www.lacity.org/ lacity.org]
| footnotes               = 
}}
An '''Los Angeles''' nga may-ada populasyon ha 2010 Senso han Estados Unidos nga 3,792,621, in may-ada gidamoi nga katawhan nga syudad ha California, Estados Unidos ngan ikaduha ha gidamoi nga populasyon ha Estados Unidos, kahuman an Syudad han New York.  May-ada in kahaluag nga 468.67 milya kwadrado (1,213.8 km2), ngan namumutang ha Salatan nga California.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
;General
* {{cite book | author=[[Carey McWilliams (journalist)|Carey McWilliams]] | publisher=Peregrine Smith | title = Southern California: An Island on the Land | url=https://archive.org/details/southerncaliforn00mcwi | edition = 9th | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-87905-007-8}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]] | title = [[It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own]]: A New History of the American West | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | date = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-8061-2567-1}}
* {{cite book | author =[[David Rieff]] | title = Los Angeles: Capital of the Third World | url =https://archive.org/details/losangelescapita0000rief | publisher = Touchstone | date = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-671-79210-7}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Peter Theroux]] | title = Translating LA: A Tour of the Rainbow City | url=https://archive.org/details/translatingla00pete | publisher=Norton | date = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-393-31394-9}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Paul Glover]] | title = Los Angeles: A History of the Future | publisher=Greenplanners | date = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-9622911-0-4}}
* {{cite book | author=Leonard Pitt &amp; Dale Pitt | title = Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County | publisher=University of California Press | place = Berkeley | date = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-520-20530-7}}
* {{cite book | author = [[Kevin Starr]] and David Ulin | editor = Jim Heimann | title = Los Angeles: Portrait of a City | publisher = [[Taschen]] America | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-3-8365-0291-7}}

;Architecture and urban theory
* {{cite book | author=[[Reyner Banham]] | title = Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies | url=https://archive.org/details/losangelesarchit0000banh | publisher=[[University of California Press]] | place = Berkeley | date = 2009 | edition = 2nd | isbn = 978-0-520-26015-3}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]] | title = [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]] | publisher=Verso | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-84467-568-5}}
* {{cite book | author=Robert M. Fogelson | title = The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles 1850–1930 | url=https://archive.org/details/fragmentedmetrop0000foge_l1o1 | publisher=University of California Press | place = Berkeley | date = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-520-08230-4}}
* {{cite book | author=Norman M. Klein | title = The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofforgett0000klei | publisher=Verso | date = 1997 | isbn = 978-1-84467-242-4}}
* {{cite book | author = Sam Hall Kaplan | title = L.A. Lost &amp; Found: An Architectural History of Los Angeles | publisher = Hennessey and Ingalls | date = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-940512-23-8}}
* {{cite book | author = Wim de Wit and Christopher James Alexander | title = Overdrive: L.A. Constructs the Future, 1940–1990 | url = https://archive.org/details/overdrivelaconst0000unse | publisher = Getty Publications | date = 2013 | isbn = 978-1-60606-128-2}}

;Race relations
* {{cite book|author=Rodolfo Acuña|authorlink=Rodolfo Acuña|title=Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in contemporary Los Angeles|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0lQXqQPNOUcC|accessdate=30 Septyembre 2011| date = 1996|publisher=Verso|isbn=978-1-85984-031-3}}
* {{cite book | author=Lynell George | title = No Crystal Stair: African Americans in the City of Angels | url=https://archive.org/details/nocrystalstairaf0000geor | publisher=Verso | date = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-86091-389-4}}
* {{cite book | title = L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present | author = Josh Sides | place = Berkeley | publisher = University of California Press | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-520-24830-4}}
* {{cite book | title = Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race, and Riot in Wartime L.A. | author = Eduardo Obregón Pagán | publisher = The University of North Carolina Press | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-8078-5494-5}}
* {{cite book | title = The Great Black Way: L.A. in the 1940s and the Last African American Renaissance | url = https://archive.org/details/greatblackwayla00smit | author = R. J. Smith | date = 2007 | publisher = PublicAffairs | isbn = 978-1-58648-521-4}}

;LGBT
* {{cite book | title = Gay L. A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians | url = https://archive.org/details/gaylahistoryofse00lill | author = [[Lillian Faderman]] and Stuart Timmons | date = 2006 | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 0-465-02288-X}}
* {{cite book | title = Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics | url = https://archive.org/details/bohemianlosangel0000hure | author = Daniel Hurewitz | publisher = University of California Press | place = Berkeley | date = 2007 | isbn = 0-520-24925-9}}

;Environment
* {{cite book | author=[[Marc Reisner]] | title = [[Cadillac Desert|Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water]] | publisher=[[Penguin Books]] | date = 1986 | isbn = 978-0-14-017824-1}}
* {{cite book |title = Smogtown: The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angeles |url = https://archive.org/details/smogtownlungburn00jaco | author = Chip Jacobs and William Kelly | publisher = Outlook Hardcover | date = 2008 | isbn = 1-58567-860-0 }}

;Arte ngan literatura
* {{cite book | editor = David L. Ulin | title = Writing Los Angeles: A Literary Anthology | url = https://archive.org/details/writinglosangele0000unse | publisher=[[Library of America]] | date = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-931082-27-3}}
* {{cite book | title = Pop L.A.: Art and the City in the 1960s | author = Cécile Whiting | place = Berkeley | publisher = University of California Press | date = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-520-25634-7}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Los Angeles|voy=Los Angeles}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|LosAngelesPart1.ogg|2011-10-08}}
* {{Official website|www.lacity.org}}
* [http://life.time.com/?attachment_id=4004 Los Angeles Then and Now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709164512/http://life.time.com/?attachment_id=4004 |date=2014-07-09 }}&amp;nbsp;– slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''

{{California}}

[[Kaarangay:Los Angeles, California]]
[[Kaarangay:California]]</text>
      <sha1>8zstasr271i3j0lp40yzw8f9cqbu0sx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Hayop</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="13026" sha1="ia3f1a6j171jk2e6lpoflu9gx6vdo24" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Animalia diversity.jpg|right|thumb|300 px|durudilain nga klase nga mga [[Hayop]]]]

'''Hayop''', amo an mga ''multicellular'' ngan ''eukaryotic'' na mga [[organismo]] ilarum san kahadian o ''kingdom '''Animalia''''' (na gintatawag liwat na '''Metazoa'''). Permanente an pang-ngurte san lawas bisan pa kun  an iba naagi sin proseso na gintatawag na [[metamorphosis]]. Kadam'an san hayop gintatawag na ''motile'' o nakagkiwa san kalugaringun. Natanan na hayop kinahanglan kumaon san iba na orgnismo para mabuhi (''Heterotroph'').

Kaurugan na [[phylum|phyla]] san hayop nagtikang magkaguwa sa ''fossil record'' bilang mga marino na species sadton ''[[Cambrian explosion]]'', mga 542 milyones katuig an nakalabay. Nababahin an mga hayop sin daramo na grupo sugad san: vertebrate ([[tamsi]], [[mammal]], [[ampibyan]], [[reptilia]], [[isda]]); [[Mollusca|mollusc]] ([[bibi (mollusc)|bibi]], [[talaba]], [[kugita]], [[nuos]], [[kuhol]]); [[arthropod]] ([[ulalahipan]], [[diplopoda|bayod]], [[insekto]] o mananap, [[araneae|lawalawa]], tapuso, [[kinis]], [[banagan]], [[pasay]]); [[annelida]] ([[wati]], [[linta]]); [[Porifera|spongha]]; ngan bokya o [[salabay]].

==Kinaiya==
May'ada mga kinaiya an hayop na naiiba san iba na mga butang na may kinabuhi. [[eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] ngan [[multicellular]]&lt;ref name=NationalZoo&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandasForKids/classification/classification.htm |title=Panda Classroom |accessdate=30 Septyembre 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094936/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandasForKids/classification/classification.htm |archivedate=29 Septyembre 2007 |deadurl=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an mga hayop na naglalain sa kanra sa mga [[bacteria]] ngan kadam'an san [[protista]]. An hayop amo in [[heterotroph]]ic,&lt;ref name=Windows&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bergman |first=Jennifer |title=Heterotrophs |url=http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&amp;edu=high |accessdate=30 Septyembre 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh |archivedate=29 Agosto 2007 |deadurl=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan gintutunaw an pagkaon sa sulod sa tiyan, na naglalain naman san mga hayop sa mga tanaman ngan [[alga]]e.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Douglas |first1=Angela E. |last2=Raven |first2=John A. |title=Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=358 |issue=1429 |pages=5–17; discussion 517–8 | date = 2003 |pmid=12594915 |pmc=1693093 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nalalain liwat an mga hayop sa tanaman, algae, ngan [[fungus|fungi]] sa kawara nira matugas na ''[[cell wall]]''.&lt;ref name=AnimalCells&gt;{{Cite web |last=Davidson |first=Michael W. |title=Animal Cell Structure |url=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |accessdate=20 Septyembre 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920235924/http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |archivedate=20 Septyembre 2007 |deadurl=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[motility|Motile]]&lt;ref name=Concepts&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://employees.csbsju.edu/SSAUPE/biol116/Zoology/digestion.htm |last=Saupe |first=S. G. |title=Concepts of Biology |accessdate=30 Septyembre 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; an natanan na hayop maliban sa dito na ''stage'' sa kanra kinabuhi. Naagi an [[embryo]] sa haros natanan na hayop sa [[Blastula|blastula stage]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Minkoff |first=Eli C. |title=Barron's EZ-101 Study Keys Series: Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/biology0000mink | date = 2008 |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |isbn=978-0-7641-3920-8 |edition=2nd, revised |page=[https://archive.org/details/biology0000mink/page/n48 48]}}&lt;/ref&gt; sayo na kinaiya na ekslusibo sa mga hayop.

===Reproduksyon===
[[File:Mitosis-fluorescent.jpg|thumb|right|An  ''newt lung cell''  na may'ada ''fluorescent dye'' na naagi san ''[[anaphase]] stage'' san [[mitosis]]]]

Haros natanan na hayop naagi sin durudilain na porma sin [[sexual]] na reproduksyun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Knobil|first=Ernst|title=Encyclopedia of reproduction, Volume 1| date = 1998|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-227020-8|page=315}}&lt;/ref&gt; May'ada an hayop sin pipira na ''specialized'' na ''[[Gamete|reproductive cells]]'', na naagi sin ''[[meiosis]]'' para magin [[spermatozoon|spermatozoa]] ug magin [[ovum|ova]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schwartz|first=Jill|title=Master the GED 2011 (w/CD)|url=https://archive.org/details/petersonsmasterg0000stew_x3f1| date = 2010|publisher=Peterson's|isbn=978-0-7689-2885-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/petersonsmasterg0000stew_x3f1/page/371 371]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtitig'ub an spermatozoa ngan ova para mabug'os an [[zygote]], na nagiging bag'o na indibiduwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Matthew B.|title=Population genetics|url=https://archive.org/details/populationgeneti0000hami| date = 2009|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-3277-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/populationgeneti0000hami/page/55 55]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sugad man, daramo na hayop an may kakayahan  sin [[asexual]] na reproduksyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Adiyodi |first1=K. G.|last2=Hughes |first2=Roger N. |last3=Adiyodi |first3=Rita G. |title=Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Progress in Asexual Reproduction, Volume 11 | date = 2002 |publisher=Wiley |page=116}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Panginaon===

[[Heterotroph]] an natanan na hayop, karuyag-sidngon an kanra ginkakaon nagtitikang ta sa iba na buhi na butang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rastogi|first=V. B.|title=Modern Biology| date = 1997|publisher=Pitambar Publishing|isbn=978-81-209-0496-5|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ginlalain-lain an mga hayop sa mga grupo sugad san [[karniboro]], [[erbiboro]], [[omniboro]], ngan ''[[parasite|parasitiko]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Levy|first=Charles K.|title=Elements of Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/elementsofbiolog0000levy| date = 1973|publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts|isbn=978-0-390-55627-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/elementsofbiolog0000levy/page/108 108]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ebolusyon==
[[File:Dunkleosteus BW.jpg|thumb|''[[Dunkleosteus]]'' usa na {{convert|10|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} ''prehistoric'' na isda.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.smh.com.au/news/science/jaws-of-steel-on-this-fish-tank/2006/11/29/1164777657728.html Monster fish crushed opposition with strongest bite ever]&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ginbabanabana na an hayop nagtikang o nag-evolve tikang sa ''[[flagellate]]'' na eukaryote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=Niel A.|title=Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/biolog00camp| date = 1990|publisher=Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.|isbn=978-0-8053-1800-5|edition=2nd|page=[https://archive.org/details/biolog00camp/page/560 560]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gihihirani-i na nabubuhi na ugrupod amo an [[choanoflagellate]], mga ''collared flagellate'' na nan'iingun san choanocytes san pipira na spongha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Emerging model organisms: a laboratory manual, Volume 1| date = 2008|publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press|isbn=978-0-87969-872-0|page=1|edition=illustrated|editor=Richard R. Behringer, Alexander D. Johnson, Robert E. Krumlauf, Michael K. Levine, Nipam Patel, Neelima Sinha}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sigun san mga molekular na pag'aram an hayop amo in sakob sa supergroup na gintatawag na  [[opisthokont]], kun diin kagrupo niya an choanoflagellate, [[fungus|fungi]] ngan pipira na parasitik na [[protista]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Strickberger's evolution: the integration of genes, organisms and populations |url=https://archive.org/details/strickbergersevo0000hall | date = 2008 |publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-0-7637-0066-9 |last1=Hall |first1=Brian Keith |last2=Hallgrímsson |first2=Benedikt |last3=Strickberger |first3=Monroe W. |page=[https://archive.org/details/strickbergersevo0000hall/page/278 278]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An una na mga fossil na pwede mag-representar na mga hayop nagkagawas sa ''Trezona Formation'' sa Trezona Bore, West Central Flinders, South Australia.&lt;ref name=roseMaloof&gt;{{Cite journal|title= Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia |journal= Nature Geoscience | volume= 3 | page= 653 |date= 17 Agosto 2010 |url= http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo934.html |doi=10.1038/ngeo934 | issue= 9|bibcode = 2010NatGe...3..653M|last1= Maloof|first1= Adam C.|last2= Rose|first2= Catherine V.|last3= Beach|first3= Robert|last4= Samuels|first4= Bradley M.|last5= Calmet|first5= Claire C.|last6= Erwin|first6= Douglas H.|last7= Poirier|first7= Gerald R.|last8= Yao|first8= Nan|last9= Simons|first9= Frederik J.|displayauthors=9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ini na mga fossil ginsisiring na mga sinauna na mga spongha. Nahiagiaan ini sa mga bato na may edad na 665-milyones katuig.&lt;ref name=roseMaloof/&gt;

An sumunod na posible na giuunahi na mga fossil san hayop nahiagian san pagtangpus san [[Precambrian]], mga 610 milyones katuig an nakalabay, ngan kilala na ''Ediacaran'' o ''Vendian biota''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The annotated Origin: a facsimile of the first edition of On the origin of species |url=https://archive.org/details/annotatedoriginf00darw | date = 2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03281-1 |last1=Costa |first1=James T. |last2=Darwin |first2=Charles |page=[https://archive.org/details/annotatedoriginf00darw/page/308 308]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudi makuri ini idugtung san mga nasunod na mga fossils. An iba sini na represeentar na ninuno o ginikanan san mga moderno na phyla pero lain na grupo, ngan posible liwat na diri ini hayop mismo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Schopf |first=J. William |title=Evolution!: facts and fallacies |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionfactsfa0000unse | date = 1999 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-628860-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutionfactsfa0000unse/page/7 7]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Lain pa sini, kadam'an san mga nahihibaruan na mga phyla san hayop, tigda nagkagawas sa ''[[Cambrian]] period'', mga 542 milyones katuig an nakalabay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Milsom |first1=Clare |last2=Rigby |first2=Sue |title=Fossils at a Glance | date = 2009 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-9336-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gintatawag ini san iba na [[Cambrian explosion]], tungod san tigda ngan malaksi na pagdaramo san grupo san hayop ug an pagbag'o san kondisyon na nagin posible an ''fossilization''.

==Kasaysayan san Pagklaklasipika==
Gin tunga ni [[Aristotle]] an may kinubuhi ngadto sa hayop ngan tanaman, ngan ginsundan ini ni [[Carolus Linnaeus]] (Carl von Linné) san una na ''hierarchical'' na klasipikasyon.&lt;ref name=Linn1758&gt;{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |authorlink=Carl Linnaeus |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. |edition=[[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th]] |publisher=Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii) | date = 1758 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/542 |accessdate=22 Septyembre 2008 |language=Latin | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081010032456/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/542 |archivedate=10 Oktubre 2008 |deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tikang siton, gintikangan san mga ''biologists'' an pagtan'aw san mga ebolusyunaryo na relasyon san mga organismo.

Sa orihinal na paagi ni Linnaeus, may ada tulo na ginhadian an hayop, ngan ginbahinbahin ngadto sa ''classes'' san [[ulod|Vermes]] o ulod, [[mananap|Insecta]] o mananap, [[isda|Pisces]] o isda, [[ampibyan|Amphibia]], [[tamsi|Aves]] o katamsihan, ngan [[mamalya|Mammalia]]. An urhi na upat yana gintig'ob nadto sa ''phylum [[chordate|Chordata]]'', ngan an iba ginbahinbahin ngadto san iba-iba na grupo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Bibliograpiya==
* Claus Nielsen ''Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla''. — 3rd ed. — New York: [[Oxford University Press]], 2012. — 402 p. — ISBN 978-0-19960602-3
* Knut Schmidt-Nielsen. ''Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment''. (5th edition). [[Cambridge University Press]], 1997.

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Animalia}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline| Animalia}}
* {{eol|1}}
* [http://tolweb.org/ Tree of Life Project]
* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/ Animal Diversity Web] – [[University of Michigan]]'s database of animals, showing [[taxonomic classification]], images, and other information.
* [http://www.arkive.org/ ARKive] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20160426231847/http://www.arkive.org/ |date=2016-04-26 }} – multimedia database of worldwide endangered/protected species and common species of UK.
* [http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=Kingdom_Animalia/Metazoa The Animal Kingdom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104170419/http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=Kingdom_Animalia%2FMetazoa |date=2017-11-04 }}
* [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=getting-a-leg-up-on-land Scientific American Magazine (December 2005 Issue) – Getting a Leg Up on Land] About the evolution of four-limbed animals from fish.

[[Kaarangay:Hayop| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Zoolohiya]]</text>
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    <title>Mumbai</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="20714" sha1="n6t2lmwfqblrzy12pv5woialesret6c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Mumbai
| native_name             = मुंबई
| native_name_lang        = 
| other_name              = Bombay
| settlement_type         = [[Metropolis]]&lt;!-- mumbai is a mother city, so it is metropolis. If the page includes surrounding places, then it can be mentioned as metropolitan area]]--&gt;
| image_skyline           =
| imagesize               = 250px
| image_alt               = Skyscrapers lit up at night. A clock tower with a square base and an octagonal top. A wide building with central and surrounding domes. Wide skyscrapers at night. A brown arch with boats nearby.
| image_caption           = Clockwise from top: [[Cuffe Parade]] skyline, the [[Rajabai Clock Tower]], [[Taj Mahal Palace &amp; Tower|Taj Mahal Hotel]], [[Nariman Point]] and the [[Gateway of India]]
| nickname                =City of Seven Islands, City of Dreams,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Seven Islands |url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/physical/geo/7islands.html |publisher=The Mumbai Pages |date=16 Hulyo 1995 |accessdate=27 Oktubre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gateway of India, Hollywood of India
| map_alt                 = Mumbai is on the west coast of India, about one third of the way down to the southern tip. It is in the west side of the Maharashtra province, which covers roughly the second quarter of the west coast (counting from the north), and heads inland roughly twice as far as its coastline.
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| latd                    = 18
| latm                    = 58
| lats                    = 30
| latNS                   = N
| longd                   = 72
| longm                   = 49
| longs                   = 33
| longEW                  = E
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mumbai Suburban District|Mumbai Suburban]]
| subdivision_type3       = Former name
| subdivision_name3       = Bombay
| subdivision_type4       = Native Language
| subdivision_name4       = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| established_title       = First settled
| established_date        = 1507
| founder                 =
| named_for               = [[Mumbadevi]]
| government_type         = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body          = [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|MCGM]]
| leader_party            = [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Snehal Ambekar]]
| leader_title2           = [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal commissioner]]
| leader_name2            = Sitaram Kunte&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Sitaram Kunte new commissioner of Mumbai civic body|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_sitaram-kunte-new-commissioner-of-mumbai-civic-body_1682754|accessdate=16 Hulyo 2012|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=30 Abril 2012|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|location=Mumbai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;projectsecoa1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.projectsecoa.eu/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=117&amp;Itemid=73 |title=Mumbai metropolitan area |language=it |publisher=Projectsecoa.eu |accessdate=14 Marso 2013 |archive-date=6 Oktubre 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082759/http://www.projectsecoa.eu/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=117&amp;Itemid=73 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank               =
| area_total_km2          = 603
| area_metro_km2          = 4355&lt;ref name=&quot;projectsecoa1&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Peri-urban water and sanitation services policy, planning and method|2010|p=286}}
| area_metro_sq_mi        = 1681.5
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 14
| population_total        = 12478447 
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_rank         = [[List of most populous cities in India|1st]]
| population_density_km2  = auto 
| population_urban        = 18414288 ([[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|1st]]) 
| population_metro        = 20748395
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1       =   
| population_metro_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census India&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Census India Agglomerations|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|accessdate=30 Enero 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_demonym      = [[Mumbaikar]]
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=2011city&gt;{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|work=censusindia|publisher=The Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=17 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| area_code               = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-22]]
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code             = 400 001 to 400 107
| registration_plate      = MH 01–02–03–47
| website                 = {{URL|www.mcgm.gov.in}}
| footnotes               =
}}
An '''Mumbai''' (nga agsob tawagon liwat nga '''Bombay''') amo an kapital han estado han [[Maharashtra]] han [[Indya]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Baptista |first=Elsie Wilhelmina |title=The East Indians: Catholic Community of Bombay, Salsette and Bassein | date = 1967 |publisher=Bombay East Indian Association |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bates |first=Crispin | date = 2003 |title=Community, Empire and Migration: South Asians in Diaspora |isbn=978-81-250-2482-8 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development|url=https://archive.org/details/citiesofworld00stan|last1=Brunn|first1=Stanley|last2= Williams|first2=Jack Francis|first3= Donald|last3= Zeigler|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, Inc.| date = 2003|edition=Third|ref=bru|isbn=0-06-381225-8}}
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* {{Cite book|last1=Carsten|first1= F. L.|title=The New Cambridge Modern History (The ascendancy of France 1648–88) |volume=V |publisher=Cambridge University Press Archive |isbn=978-0-521-04544-5 | date = 1961 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Asha Kuthari |title=Mahesh Dattani: An Introduction |url=http://books.google.com/?id=-jxGSsKqfHgC&amp;dq=Mahesh+Dattani++By+Asha+Kuthari+Chaudhuri |accessdate=26 Abril 2009 |series=Contemporary Indian Writers in English | date = 2005 |publisher=Foundation Books |isbn=81-7596-260-7 |chapter=Introduction: Modern Indian Drama |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=-jxGSsKqfHgC&amp;pg=PA10-IA6 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|title=The Port of Bombay: a brief history|last= Chittar|first= Shantaram D.|publisher=[[Bombay Port Trust]]| date = 1973 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Datta |first1=Kavita |first2=Gareth A. |last2=Jones | date = 1999 |title=Housing and finance in developing countries |isbn=978-0-415-17242-4 |publisher=Routledge |edition=illustrated |series=Volume 7 of Routledge studies in development and society |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=History of Bombay, 1661–1708|last=David|first=M. D.|publisher=[[University of Mumbai]] | date = 1973 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bombay, the city of dreams: a history of the first city in India|last=David|first=M. D.|publisher=Himalaya Publishing House | date = 1995 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Davis |first=Mike |authorlink=Mike Davis (scholar) |title=Planet of Slums [&quot; Le pire des mondes possibles : de l'explosion urbaine au bidonville global &quot;] |publisher=La Découverte |location=Paris | date = 2006 |isbn=978-2-7071-4915-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bombay: The Cities Within|url=https://archive.org/details/bombaycitieswith0000dwiv|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Sharada|authorlink1=Sharada Dwivedi|last2=Mehrotra|first2=Rahul|publisher=Eminence Designs| date = 2001 |ref=harv|isbn=81-85028-80-X}}
* {{Cite book|title=Environment and urbanization|volume=v. 14, no. 1|publisher=International Institute for Environment and Development|date=April 2002|url=http://books.google.com/?id=0DBhYWmqpDoC&amp;printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-1-84369-223-2|accessdate=29 Agosto 2009|ref=n450}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/escts.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5p2WAlJQ2?url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/escts.pdf|archivedate=16 Abril 2010|accessdate=28 Agosto 2009|title=Executive Summary on Comprehensive Transportation Study for MMR|publisher=MMRDA|ref=exe|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|last= Farooqui|first=Amar|title=Opium city: the making of early Victorian Bombay|publisher=Three Essays Press | date = 2006 |isbn=978-81-88789-32-0 |ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|title=Greater Bombay District Gazetteer|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers|volume=v. 27, no. 1| date = 1960|publisher=Gazetteer Department ([[Government of Maharashtra]])|ref=bom}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Hansen|first=Thomas Blom| date = 2001|title=Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay|isbn=978-0-691-08840-2|url=http://books.google.com/?id=-y3iNt0djbQC&amp;printsec=frontcover|publisher=Princeton University Press|accessdate=16 Agosto 2009|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=The Essential Guide to Bollywood | date = 2005 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=81-7436-378-5 |ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first1=Bala|title=Environmental Management: Text And Cases|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9788120333291_2ed|isbn=978-81-203-3329-1 |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. | date = 2008 |ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last1=Machado|first1=José Pedro|title=Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa |language=Portuguese |chapter=Bombaim|work=Editorial Confluência|volume=I| date = 1984 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mehta|first=Suketu|title= Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found| date = 2004|publisher=Alfred A Knopf|isbn= 0-375-40372-8 |ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|title=The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442 |last=Misra |first=Satish Chandra |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers | date = 1982 |ref=misra}}
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* {{cite web|url=http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php|title=Mumbai Plan|publisher=Department of Relief and Rehabilitation ([[Government of Maharashtra]])|ref=plan|accessdate=29 Abril 2009|archive-date=10 Marso 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310212824/http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last= Naravane|first=M. S.| date = 2007|title=Battles of the honourable East India Company: making of the Raj |isbn=978-81-313-0034-3 |publisher=APH Publishing |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=O'Brien |first=Derek |title=The Mumbai Factfile |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-302947-2 | date = 2003 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|url = http://www.mumbaipolice.org/right_of_information/Right_of_Information.pdf|format = PDF, 1.18 [[Megabyte|MB]]|title = Office of the Commissioner of Police, Mumbai|publisher = [[Mumbai Police]]|accessdate = 15 Hunyo 2009|ref = mp|archive-date = 11 Hulyo 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090711160718/http://www.mumbaipolice.org/right_of_information/Right_of_Information.pdf|url-status             = dead}}
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Patel|editor1-first=Sujata|editor2-last=Masselos|editor2-first=Jim|title=Bombay and Mumbai. The City in Transition|url=https://archive.org/details/bombaymumbaicity0000unse_v9j7|chapter=Bombay and Mumbai: Identities, Politics and Populism| date = 2003|publisher=The Oxford University Press|location=Delhi, India|isbn=0-19-567711-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book | date = 2005 |chapterurl=http://www.lingref.com/isb/4/141ISB4.PDF |last=Pai |first=Pushpa |editor=Cohen, James; McAlister, Kara T.; Rolstad, Kellie; MacSwan, Jeff |title=Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism |chapter=Multilingualism, Multiculturalism and Education: Case Study of Mumbai City |publisher=Cascadilla Press |pages=1794–1806 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|title=The mangroves in Salsette Island near Bombay|last1=Patil|first1=R.P.|publisher=Proceedings of the Symposium on Mangrove Forest | date = 1957 |location=Calcutta |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|author=[[Aditi Phadnis]] |title=Business Standard Political Profiles: Of Cabals and Kings |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|url = http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/Population%20and%20Employment%20profile%20of%20MMR.pdf|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5mLpSbYyu?url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/Population%20and%20Employment%20profile%20of%20MMR.pdf|archivedate = 28 Disyembre 2009|format = PDF|title = Population and Employment profile of Mumbai Metropolitan Region|publisher = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (MMRDA)|accessdate = 4 Hunyo 2010|ref = pemmr|url-status             = live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy|publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]]| date = 1999|volume=65|ref=proc}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rana |first=Mahendra Singh | date = 2006 |title=India votes: Lok Sabha &amp; Vidhan Sabha elections 2001–2005 |isbn=978-81-7625-647-6 |publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Rohli|first1=Robert V.|last2=Vega|first2=Anthony J.|title=Climatology|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Publishers | date = 2007 |edition=illustrated |isbn=978-0-7637-3828-0 |ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|title=Maharashtra|last=Singh|first=K. S.|author2=B. V. Bhanu |author3=B. R. Bhatnagar |author4=Anthropological Survey of India |author5=D. K. Bose |author6=V. S. Kulkarni |author7=J. Sreenath |publisher=Popular Prakashan|volume=XXX|isbn=978-81-7991-102-0| date = 2004|ref=prabhu}}
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* {{cite web|url = http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf|format = PDF|title = The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888|publisher = State Election Commissioner ([[Government of Maharashtra]])|accessdate = 3 Mayo 2009|ref = mumact|archive-date = 5 Hulyo 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070705222724/http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf|url-status             = dead}}
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{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|voy=Mumbai}}
* [http://www.mcgm.gov.in/ Official website of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028225646/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/ |date=2017-10-28 }}
* [http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php Official City Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310212824/http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php |date=2009-03-10 }}


[[Kaarangay:Mumbai]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga syudad ngan bungto han Indya]]</text>
      <sha1>n6t2lmwfqblrzy12pv5woialesret6c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Istanbul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:42:40Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25206" sha1="77cnmstu5q2srswyc2889w2xc6b3u57" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name=Istanbul
| native_name=''İstanbul''
| native_name_lang=tr
| settlement_type=Munisipyo metropolitano
| official_name=Munisipyo Metropolitano han Istanbul
| image_skyline=Istanbul collage 5j.jpg
| image_caption=Clockwise from top: View of [[Golden Horn]] between [[Galata]] and [[Sarayburnu|Seraglio Point]] including the [[Historic Areas of Istanbul|historic areas]]; [[Maiden's Tower]]; a [[Istanbul nostalgic tramways|nostalgic tram]] on [[İstiklal Avenue]]; [[Levent]] business district with [[Dolmabahçe Palace]]; [[Ortaköy Mosque]] in front of the [[Bosphorus Bridge]]; and [[Hagia Sophia]].
| image_alt=See caption
| imagesize=300px
| image_blank_emblem=
| blank_emblem_type=Tatak han Munisipyo Metropolitano han Istanbul
| blank_emblem_size=110px
| pushpin_map=Turkey
| pushpin_map_caption=Namumutang ha Turkiya
| pushpin_map_alt=Turkey, with Istanbul pinpointed at the northwest along a thin strip of land bounded by water
| pushpin_mapsize=300px
| latd=41|latm=00|lats=49|latNS=N
| longd=28|longm=57|longs=18|longEW=E
| coordinates_region=TR
| subdivision_type=Country
| subdivision_name=[[Turkey]]
| subdivision_type1=[[Geographical regions of Turkey|Region]]
| subdivision_name1=[[Marmara Region|Marmara]]
| subdivision_type2=[[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
| subdivision_name2=[[Istanbul Province|Istanbul]]
| leader_party=[[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]
| leader_title=Mayor
| leader_name=[[Ekrem İmamoğlu]]
| established_title=Established
| established_date=
| established_title1=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;[[Byzantium]]
| established_date1=c. 660 BC{{efn|name=byz-date}}
| established_title2=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;[[Constantinople]]
| established_date2=330 AD
| established_title3=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Istanbul
| established_date3=1930 (officially){{efn|name=name-1930|The name of the city was officially changed to its present name of Istanbul in 1930, but the name has been in use since even before the 1453 [[Fall of Constantinople|Ottoman conquest]].}}
| parts_type=Districts
| parts=[[List of districts of Istanbul|39]]
| area_metro_km2=5461
| area_metro_mi2=2063
| area_metro_footnotes={{efn|name=city-area}}
| population_total=14,025,646
| population_as_of=31 Disyembre 2015
| population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=citypolution.de&gt;{{Cite web|title=Turkey: Provinces and Major Cities|quote=The population of the Turkish cities and provinces according to census results and latest register-based tabulations|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Turkey-C20.html|website=www.citytpopulation.de|publisher=Citypopulation|date=31 Disyembre 2014|accessdate=26 Hunyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|website=www.citypopulation.de|publisher=Citypopulation|date=1 Abril 2015|accessdate=26 Hunyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Population of Turkey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=18616|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2015|date=31 Disyembre 2015|accessdate=28 Enero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank=[[List of cities in Turkey|1st in Turkey]]&lt;br&gt;[[List of cities proper by population|6th in the world]]
| population_density_km2=
| population_demonym=Istanbulite(s)&lt;br/&gt;([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''İstanbullu(lar)'')
| timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset=+2
| timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST=+3
| postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]
| postal_code=34000 to 34850
| area_code=0212 &lt;small&gt;(European side)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br/&gt;0216 &lt;small&gt;(Asian side)&lt;/small&gt;
| registration_plate= 34
| website={{URL|http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx|Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality}}
}}
An '''Istanbul''' (/ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ o /ˌɪstænˈbuːl/ o /ɪˈstænbʊl/; Tinurkiya: İstanbul [isˈtɑnbuɫ]), ha kasaysayan kilala gihapon komo Constantinople ngan Byzantium, amo an may gidadakoi nga populasyon nga syudad ha Turkey ngan han mao nga nasod sentro han ekonomiya, kultura ngan kasaysayan. An Istanbul usa nga transcontinental nga syudad ha Eurasia, namumutang ha may Estrecho han Bosphorus (nga nagbubulag han Europa ngan Asya) ha butnga han [[Dagat Marmara]] ngan [[Itom nga Dagat]]. An sentro han pankomersyohan ngan pankasaysayan in namumutang ha may Europeo nga dapit ngan (1/3) kat-tulo han iya populasyon in namumutang naman ha may Asyano nga bahin.&lt;ref name=&quot;wctr281&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|2004|p=281}}&lt;/ref&gt; An syudad in sentro han pagdudumara han Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (nga cotermino han Lalawigan han Istanbul), kun diin may-ada populasyon nga 14.7 milyones nga molupyo.&lt;ref name=citypolution.de/&gt; An Istanbul in usa ha kanan kalibutan may pinakadamo nga tawo nga syudad ngan nagraranggo liwat hin kanan kalibutan ika-7 ha may pinakadamo nga molupyo ngan gidadakoi nga syudad han Europa.

[[Paypay:Istanbul panorama and skyline.jpg|950px|center|syudad han Istanbul]]

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

===Bibliograpiya===
{{refbegin|27em}}
*{{Cite book|last=ʻAner|first=Nadav|date=2005|editor-last=Pergola|editor-first=Sergio Della|editor2-last=Gilboa|editor2-first=Amos|editor3-last=Ṭal|editor3-first=Rami|title=The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Planning Assessment, 2004–2005: The Jewish People Between Thriving and Decline|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse|publisher=Gefen Publishing House Ltd|location=Jerusalem|isbn=978-965-229-346-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Athanasopulos|first=Haralambos|title=Greece, Turkey, and the Aegean Sea: A Case Study in International Law| date = 2001|publisher=McFarland &amp; Company, Inc|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=978-0-7864-0943-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=Timothy David|title=Constantine and Eusebius|url=https://archive.org/details/constantineeuseb00barn|date=1981|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=978-0-674-16531-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Baynes|first=Norman H.|editor-last=Baynes|editor-first=Norman H.|editor2-last=Moss|editor2-first=Henry S. L. B|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462718|date=1949|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-674-16531-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Boyar|first1=Ebru|last2=Fleet|first2=Kate|title=A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul| date = 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-13623-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Bloom|first1=Jonathan M.|last2=Blair|first2=Sheila|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&amp;pg=RA1-PA315|accessdate=11 Abril 2013|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530991-1|page=1|quote=Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE...|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brink-Danan|first=Marcy|title=Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century Turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance| date = 2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|series=New Anthropologies of Europe|location=Bloomington, Ind.|isbn=978-0-253-35690-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brummett|first=Palmira Johnson|title=Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911|url=https://archive.org/details/imageimperialism0000brum| date = 2000|publisher=SUNY Press|location=Albany, N.Y.|isbn=978-0-7914-4463-4|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Cantor|first=Norman F.|title=Civilization of the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm|date=1994|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-092553-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Çelik|first=Zeynep|title=The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC|date=1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Calif., &amp; Los Angeles|isbn=978-0-520-08239-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Chamber of Architects of Turkey|title=Architectural Guide to Istanbul: Historic Peninsula| date = 2006|volume=1|publisher=Chamber of Architects of Turkey, Istanbul Metropolitan Branch|location=Istanbul|isbn=978-975-395-899-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=Tertius|title=Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census|url=https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan|date=1987|publisher=St. David's University Press|location=Lewiston, N.Y.|isbn=978-0-88946-207-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=John| date = 2010|title=Medical Tourism|series=CAB Books|publisher=CABI|location=Wallingford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-84593-660-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Dahmus|first=Joseph|date=1995|title=A History of the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm|publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7607-0036-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Davidson|first=Linda Kay|last2=Gitlitz|first2=David Martin|title=Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia|volume=1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.| date = 2002|isbn=978-1-57607-004-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=De Sélincourt|first=Aubery|title=The Histories|url=https://archive.org/details/histories00hero|series=Penguin Classics|editor-last=Marincola|editor-first=John M|date=2003|publisher=Penguin Books|location=London|isbn=978-0-14-044908-2|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=De Souza|first=Philip|title=The Greek and Persian Wars, 499-386 B.C| date = 2003|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-96854-6|ref=harv}}

*{{Cite book|editor-last=Dumper|editor-first=Michael|editor2-last=Stanley|editor2-first=Bruce E.|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/citiesofmiddleea0000unse|date=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-1-57607-919-5|ref=harv}}
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*{{Cite book|last1=Efe|first1=Recep|last2=Cürebal|first2=Isa|chapter=Impacts of the &quot;Marmaray&quot; Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul|title=Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects|date=2011|editor-last=Brunn|editor-first=Stanley D|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York|isbn=978-90-481-9919-8|pages=715–34|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Finkel|first=Caroline|title=Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923| date = 2005|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-02396-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=Istanbul: The Imperial City| date = 1996|publisher=Viking|location=New York|isbn=978-0-670-85972-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara|url=https://archive.org/details/companionguideto0000free_x9y4|date=2000|publisher=Companion Guides|location=Woodbridge, Eng.|isbn=978-1-900639-31-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=A History of Ottoman Architecture| date = 2011|publisher=WIT Press|location=Southampton, Eng.|isbn=978-1-84564-506-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Georgacas|first=Demetrius John | date = 1947 |title=The Names of Constantinople |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association |volume=78 |pages=347–67 |doi=10.2307/283503 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |jstor=283503|ref=harv }}
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*{{Cite book|editor-last=Göktürk|editor-first=Deniz|editor2-last=Soysal|editor2-first=Levent|editor3-last=Türeli|editor3-first=İpek| date = 2010|title=Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-58011-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Grant|first=Michael|title=The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/severanschangedr0000gran|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-12772-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gregory|first=Timothy E.|title=A History of Byzantium|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi|date=2010|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-4051-8471-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gül|first=Murat|title=The Emergence of Modern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City| date = 2012|publisher=IB.Tauris|location=London|edition=Revised Paperback Edition|isbn=978-1780763743|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Harter|first=Jim|title=World Railways of the Nineteenth Century: A Pictorial History in Victorian Engravings| date = 2005|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-0-8018-8089-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Holt|editor-first=Peter M.|editor2-last=Lambton|editor2-first=Ann K. S.|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-first=Bernard|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|volume=1A| date = 1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29135-4|edition=illustrated, reprint|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Isaac|first=Benjamin H.|title=The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest| date = 1986|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-06921-3|edition=illustrated|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Kapucu|first1=Naim|last2=Palabiyik|first2=Hamit|title=Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age|series=USAK Publications|volume=17|publisher=USAK|location=Ankara| date = 2008|isbn=978-605-4030-01-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|title=The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization|url=https://archive.org/details/gecekondururalmi0000karp|date=1976|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-20954-0|edition=illustrated|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Keyder|editor-first=Çağlar| date = 1999|title=Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=978-0-8476-9495-2|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=King|first=Charles| date = 2014|title=Midnight at the Pera Palace, The birth of modern Istanbul|publisher=Norton &amp; Cy|location=|isbn=9780393089141-|ref=}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Klimczuk|first1=Stephen|last2=Warner|first2=Gerald|date=2009|title=Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies|url=https://archive.org/details/secretplaceshidd0000klim|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4027-6207-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Knieling|first1=Jörg|last2=Othengrafen|first2=Frank|title=Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning|series=Urban and Regional Planning and Development|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|location=Surrey, Eng.|isbn=978-0-7546-7565-5| date = 2009|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Köksal|editor-first=Özlem|title=World Film Locations: Istanbul|publisher=Intellect Books|location=Bristol, Eng.| date = 2012|isbn=978-1-84150-567-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Köse|first=Yavuz|editor-last=Atabaki|editor-first=Touraj|editor2-last=Brockett|editor2-first=Gavin|chapter=Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)|title=Ottoman and Republican Turkish Labour History|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.| date = 2009|isbn=978-0-521-12805-6|pages=91–114|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Landau|first=Jacob M.| date = 1984|title=Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-07070-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Limberis|first=Vasiliki|title=Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople|url=https://archive.org/details/divineheiressvir0000limb|date=1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-09677-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Lister|first=Richard P.|title=The Travels of Herodotus| date = 1979|publisher=Gordon &amp; Cremonesi|location=London|isbn=978-0-86033-081-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Masters|first1=Bruce Alan|last2=Ágoston|first2=Gábor| date = 2009|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Morris|first=Ian|title=Social Development|date=October 2010|publisher=Stanford University|location=Stanford, Calif.|url=http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf|accessdate=5 Hulyo 2012|format=pdf|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115325/http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf |date=2012-09-15 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf |access-date=11 Enero 2015 |archive-date=15 Septyembre 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115325/http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf |url-status=unfit }}
*{{Cite book|last1=Mossberger|first1=Karen|last2=Clarke|first2=Susan E.|last3=John|first3=Peter|title=The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_d9x2|series=Oxford Handbooks in Politics and International Relations|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-19-536786-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Necipoğlu|first=Gülru|title=Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries|url=https://archive.org/details/architecturecere0000neci|date=1991|publisher=The MIT Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=978-0-262-14050-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Necipoğlu|first=Gülru|contribution= From Byzantine Constantinople to Ottoman Kostantiniyye|editor-last=ölcer|editor-first=Nazan|title=From Byzantion to Istanbul|publisher=SSM|location=Istanbul| date = 2010|isbn=978-605-4348-04-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Norris|first=Pippa| date = 2010|title=Public Sentinel: News Media &amp; Governance Reform|publisher=World Bank Publications|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8213-8200-4|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=Istanbul, Turkey|series=OECD Territorial Reviews| date = 2008|publisher=OECD Publishing|location=Paris|isbn=978-92-64-04371-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Oxford Business Group| date = 2009|title=The Report: Turkey 2009|publisher=Oxford Business Group|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-902339-13-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Papathanassis|first=Alexis|date=2011|title=The Long Tail of Tourism: Holiday Niches and Their Impact on Mainstream Tourism|url=https://archive.org/details/longtailoftouris0000unse|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-8349-3062-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Quantic|first=Roy| date = 2008|title=Climatology for Airline Pilots|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-470-69847-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Cyril|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium| date = 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-19-814098-6|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Reisman|first=Arnold|title=Turkey's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk's Vision|url=https://archive.org/details/turkeysmoderniza0000reis|date=2006|publisher=New Academia Publishing, LLC|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-9777908-8-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Roebuck|first=Carl|title=Ionian Trade and Colonization|url=https://archive.org/details/ioniantradecolon0000carl| date = 1959|series=Monographs on Archaeology and Fine Arts|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|location=New York|isbn=978-0-89005-528-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Room|first=Adrian|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites|url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom|date=2006|publisher=McFarland &amp; Company|location=Jefferson, N.C.|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Rôzen|first=Mînnā|title=A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul: The Formative Years, 1453–1566| date = 2002|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-90-04-12530-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sanal|first=Aslihan|editor-last=Fischer|editor-first=Michael M. J.|editor2-last=Dumit|editor2-first=Joseph|date=2011|title=New Organs Within Us: Transplants and the Moral Economy|url=https://archive.org/details/neworganswithinu0000sana|series=Experimental Futures|edition=illustrated|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|isbn=978-0-8223-4912-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schmitt|first=Oliver Jens|title=Levantiner: Lebenswelten und Identitäten einer ethnokonfessionellen Gruppe im osmanischen Reich im &quot;langen 19. Jahrhundert&quot; | date = 2005|publisher=Oldenbourg|location=München|language=German|isbn=978-3-486-57713-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=Stanford J.|last2=Shaw|first2=Ezel K.|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|volume=2| date = 1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29166-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Taşan-Kok|first=Tuna|title=Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change|publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V|location=Delft, the Neth.| date = 2004|isbn=978-90-5972-041-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jane|title=Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl|publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|location=New York|date=2007|isbn=978-1-84511-334-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Tigrek|first1=Sahnaz|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül| date = 2011|editor-last=Kibaroğlu|editor-first=Ayșegül|editor2-last=Scheumann|editor2-first=Waltina|editor3-last=Kramer|editor3-first=Annika|title=Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation|chapter=Strategic Role of Water Resources for Turkey|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York|isbn=978-3-642-19635-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor=Time Out Guides|title=Time Out Istanbul|url=https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse|publisher=Time Out Guides|location=London|date=2010|isbn=978-1-84670-115-3|ref={{sfnRef|Time Out Guides|2010}}}}
*{{Cite book|last=Turan|first=Neyran|editor1-last=Sorensen|editor1-first=André|editor2-last=Okata|editor2-first=Junichiro|title=Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability|series=Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York| date = 2010|pages=223–42|chapter=Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul|isbn=978-4-431-99266-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|title=Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/urbantransporten0000unse_l6o6|date=2004|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-08-044512-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Wedel|first=Heidi| date = 2000|editor1-last=Ibrahim|editor1-first=Ferhad|editor2-last=Gürbey|editor2-first=Gülistan|title=The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-8258-4744-9|pages=181–93|ref=harv}}
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{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Istanbul}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx Official website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality]
* [http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/ Official website of the Istanbul Governorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222171620/http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/ |date=2006-12-22 }}
* [http://sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/Map.aspx?&amp;scl=6&amp;cx=88707&amp;cy=96189&amp;ap=uydu&amp;lng=en Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos (maps) of Istanbul from 1946, 1966, 1982, and 2005]
* [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/MunicipalHistory/Pages/Live_City_View_in_Istanbul.aspx Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Live views of major landmarks in Istanbul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704072848/http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/MunicipalHistory/Pages/Live_City_View_in_Istanbul.aspx |date=2015-07-04 }}
* [http://www.istanbulbulteni.com/ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Istanbul Bulteni Magazine official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222203756/http://www.istanbulbulteni.com/ |date=2012-02-22 }}

[[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Turkeya]]
[[Kaarangay:Istanbul]]</text>
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      <text bytes="24148" sha1="fluk1tqzz6kp4m4exup50ysdczpuw9y" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox royalty|realm=france
|name=Napoleon I
|image=The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries, by Jacques-Louis David (1812) - National Gallery of Art (Samuel H. Kress Foundation) - 2.jpg
|imgw=200
|alt=Full length portrait of Napoleon in his forties, in high-ranking white and dark blue military dress uniform. He stands amid rich 18th century furniture laden with papers, and gazes at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat.
|caption=''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'', ni [[Jacques-Louis David]], 1812
|succession= [[Emperador han Franses]]
|reign=18 Mayo 1804&amp;nbsp;– 11 Abril 1814&lt;br /&gt;20 Marso 1815&amp;nbsp;– 22 Hunyo 1815
|coronation=2 Disyembre 1804
|cor-type=france
|full name=Napoleon Bonaparte
|predecessor=Waray &lt;small&gt;(iya kalugaringon komo [[Syahan nga Consul]] han [[Syahan nga Republika Fransesa]]; an kasanhi nga naghadi nga monarka hi [[Louis XVI han Fransya|Louis XVI]])&lt;/small&gt;
|successor=[[Louis XVIII han Fransya|Louis XVIII]] (''[[de jure]]'' han 1814)
|succession1= [[Hadi han Italya]]
|reign1=17 Marso 1805&amp;nbsp;– 11 Abril 1814
|coronation1=26 Mayo 1805
|predecessor1=Waray &lt;small&gt;(iya kalugaringon komo [[Mangulo han Italya|Mangulo]] han [[Republika Italyana (Napoleonico)|Italyano nga Republika]]; an anay-nga-naghadi nga monarka hi [[Charles V, Baraan nga Emperador Romano|Emperador Carlos V]]&lt;/small&gt;)
|successor1=Waray &lt;small&gt;(ginbulag an ginhadi-an, an sunod nga hadì han Italya hi [[Victor Emmanuel II han Italya|Victor Manuel II]]&lt;/small&gt;)
|spouse=[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Marie Louise, Dukesa han Parma|Marie Louise han Austria]]
|issue=[[Napoleon II]]
|house=[[Panimalay han Bonaparte]]
|father=[[Carlo Buonaparte]]
|mother=[[Letizia Ramolino]]
|birth_date={{Birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
|birth_place=[[Ajaccio]], Corsica, Fransya
|death_date={{Death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}}
|death_place=[[Longwood, Saint Helena]]
|place of burial=[[Les Invalides]], Paris, Fransya
|religion = Katolisismo Romano (kitaa [[Napoleon#Napoleon and religions|Napoleon ngan mga relihiyon]])
|signature=Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg
|}}
Hi '''Napoléon Bonaparte'''{{Efn|Natawo nga '''Napoleone di Buonaparte''' ({{IPA-it|napoleˈoːne di ˌbwɔnaˈparte|lang}}).}} (kaluwas ha Ininggles: {{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|p|oʊ|l|i|ən|_|ˈ|b|oʊ|n|ə|p|ɑr|t}};&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/napoleon&quot;Napoleon&quot;]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA-fr|napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt|lang}}; 15 Agosto 1769 – 5 Mayo 1821) usa nga [[Franses nga katawhan|Franses]] nga [[Politiko|tawo ha estado]] ngan [[komandante|militar nga namuno]] nga inmabot hin pagkalabaw dida han [[Franses nga Rebolusyon]] ngan namuno hin [[An nahitalà ha pag-awayan ni Napoleon Bonaparte|pipira nga mga maglinamposon nga mga kampanya]] dida han [[Mga Gera han Franses nga Rebolusyon]]. Ha ngaran nga '''Napoleon''', hiyá an [[Emperador han Franses]] tíkang 1804 kútob 1814, ngan hin utro hin madalî nga panahón didâ han 1815 (han [[Usá-ka-Gatós nga Adlaw]]). Nagdominar hi Napoleon han mga buruhatón ha Europa ngan ha kalibotan hin labaw hin usá ka dekada samtang namunò hiyá han Fransya patok hin mga serye hin mga katitírok hin nasod dida han [[mga Gera Napoleonon]]. Nagdaog hiya han kasagáran hiní nga mga gera ngan han dakò nga kadam'an han iya mga pag-awayan, ngan naghimò hiya hin [[Syahan nga Imperyo Franses|dakò nga imperyo]] nga nagdumarà han kontinental nga Europa ugsa han kataposán nga kabungkag hiní han 1815. Usá hiyá han mga gimakariti nga mga komandante ha kaagi, an iyá mga gera ngan mga kampanya gin-aarám ha mga iskuylahan militar ha kalibotan. An ginbilin ni Napoleon ha polítika ngan kultura nagpabilin nga usa han mga ginsaúrog ngan kontrobersyal nga mga manguna han [[Kaagi han kalibotan|kaagi han kalibotan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Roberts, Andrew 2014&quot;&gt;Roberts, Andrew. ''Napoleon: A Life''. Penguin Group, 2014, Introduction.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Charles Messenger, ed. |title=Reader's Guide to Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VT7fAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA391| date = 2001|publisher=Routledge|pages=391–427|isbn=978-1-135-95970-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natawo hi Napoleon ha [[Corsica]] hin maupay-upay hin kamutangan nga pamilya nga nagtikang han uruuubos nga [[nobilidad Italyano]]. Nagsisirbe hiyá nga opisyal ha artilyeriya han Franses nga army han pagtikang ha Rebolusyon Franses han 1789. Sinmaká hiyá hin madagmit ha mga ranggo han militar, nga diin nakuha niya in mga bag-o nga oportunidad nga ginpresenta han Rebolusyon ngan nagin heneral ha edad nga 24. An [[Direktoryo Franses]] ha urhe naghatag ha iya hin pagkakomandante han [[Army han Italya (Fransya)|Army han Italya]] katapos niya malupig an rebelyon han [[13 Vendémiaire]] patok han gobyerno tikang han mga royalist nga mga insurgent. Ha edad nga 26, nagtikang hiya han [[Mga Italyano nga kampanya han Franses nga Rebolusyonaryo nga mga Gera|syahan nga kampanya militar]] patok han mga Austryano ngan an Italyano nga mga monarka nga ugop han mga Hapsburgo—nagdaog han tanan nga mga pag-awayan, naglupig han Italyano nga Rawis hin usá ka tuig samtang nagtutukod hin &quot;mga [[bugto nga republika]]&quot; upod hin suporta lokal, ngan pagin bayani-ha-gera han Fransya. Han 1798, namuno hiya hin [[Franses nga kampanya ha Ehipto ngan Sirya|expedisyon militar ha Ehipto]] nga nagsirbe nga paagi nga makakab-ot hin gahom ha politika. Nagplano hiya han [[Kudeta han 18 Brumaire|kudeta han Nobyembre 1799]] ngan nagin [[Konsulado Franses|Syahan nga Konsul]] han Republika.

==Mga tigaman==
{{notelist}}

==Mga kasarigan==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga pinanbasaran==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Mga pag-aram han iya panginabuhì===
* {{Cite book|title=Life of Napoleon Bonaparte|last=Abbott|first=John|isbn=1-4179-7063-4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing| date = 2005}}
* Barnett, Corelli. ''Bonaparte'' (1978) calls N 'a social misfit' who exploited France for his personal megalomaniac goals; and N's myth is exaggerated
* {{Cite book|first=Rafe|last=Blaufarb|title=Napoleon: Symbol for an Age, A Brief History with Documents|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonsymbolfo0000blau|date=2007|publisher=Bedford|isbn=0-312-43110-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=David|title=Napoleon|publisher=Leo Cooper| date = 2002|isbn=0-85052-750-3}}
* {{Cite book|first=Vincent|last=Cronin|authorlink=Vincent Cronin|title=Napoleon|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleon0000cron_y3x1|publisher=HarperCollins|date=1994|isbn=0-00-637521-9}}
* Dwyer, Philip. ''Napoleon: The Path to Power'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Napoleon-Path-Power-Philip-Dwyer-ebook/dp/B00280LN5G/  excerpt vol 1];  ''Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power'' (2013) [http://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Emperor-Napoleon-Philip-Dwyer-ebook/dp/B00GGSG3W4/  excerpt and text search v 2]; most recent scholarly biography
* {{Cite book|author=Englund, Steven |title=Napoleon: A Political Life|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonpolitica0000engl |isbn=0674018036| date = 2010|publisher=Scribner}}
* {{Cite book|last=Johnson|first=Paul|title=Napoleon: A life|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonpenguinl00unse|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2002|isbn=0-670-03078-3}}; 200pp; quite hostile
* {{Cite book|author=Lefebvre, Georges|title=Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HwNoAAAAMAAJ|date=1969|publisher=Columbia University Press}}  influential wide-ranging history
** {{Cite book|author=Lefebvre, Georges|title=Napoleon; from Tilsit to Waterloo, 1807–1815|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mTwJAQAAIAAJ|date=1969|publisher=Columbia University Press}}
* {{Cite book|last=Markham|first=Felix|title=Napoleon|publisher=Mentor|date=1963|url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10369968}}; 303pp; short biography by an Oxford scholar
* {{Cite book|first=Frank|last=McLynn|title=Napoleon|publisher=Pimlico| date = 1998|isbn=0-7126-6247-2|id= {{ASIN|0712662472|country=uk}}}}; well-written popular history
* Roberts, Andrew. ''Napoleon: A Life'' (2014)
*{{Cite book|author=Thompson, J.M.|title=Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s2uTaPHPnZ8C|date=1951|publisher=Oxford U.P.}}, 412pp; by an Oxford scholar
* Tulard, Jean. (1984) ''Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour'' (1984), influential French interpretation

===Mga pinaurog nga pag-aram===
* {{Cite book|first=Ken|last=Alder|title=The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World|url=https://archive.org/details/measureofallthin00alde|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|date=2002|isbn=0-7432-1675-X}}
* {{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Peter|title=Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800|url=https://archive.org/details/unitydiversityin0000unse_f1p7|editor=[[T. C. W. Blanning]] and [[Hagen Schulze]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|isbn=0-19-726382-8}}
* {{Cite book|title=Napoleon and Persia|first=Iradj|last=Amini|url=http://books.google.com/?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA12|date=2000|isbn=0-934211-58-2|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis}}
* {{Cite book|title=World History of Warfare|url=https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch|first=Christon I.|last=Archer|first2=John R.|last2=Ferris|first3=Holger H.|last3=Herwig|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|date=2002|isbn=0-8032-4423-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=Between Salt Water And Holy Water: A History Of Southern Italy|url=https://archive.org/details/betweensaltwater00tomm|last=Astarita|first=Tommaso|date=2005|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company|isbn=0-393-05864-6}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Pw5jup_LyHAC&amp;lpg=PA212|title=The First Total War|last=Bell|first=David|isbn=0-618-34965-0|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|date=2007}}
* {{Cite book|author=Bergeron, Louis|title=France Under Napoleon|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rqe1UU6OiIUC&amp;pg=PR9|date=1981|publisher=Princeton U.P.|isbn=0691007896}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bordes|first=Philippe|title=Jacques-Louis David|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-300-12346-9| date = 2007}}
* {{Cite book|last=Boycott-Brown|first=Martin|title=The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign|url=https://archive.org/details/roadtorivolinapo0000boyc|publisher=Cassell &amp; Co|date=2001|isbn=0-304-35305-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=David|authorlink=David G. Chandler|title=The Campaigns of Napoleon| date = 1973}}, the standard military history of N's battles
* {{Cite book|last=Chesney|first=Charles|title=Waterloo Lectures:A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815|url=https://archive.org/details/waterloolectures0000char|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|date=2006|isbn=1-4286-4988-3}}
* {{Cite book|date=2006|title=Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns|url=https://archive.org/details/blunderingtoglor00conn_0|first=Owen|last=Connelly|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=0-7425-5318-3}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon|url=https://archive.org/details/billyruffianbell0000cord_l4d4|first=David|last=Cordingly|date=2004|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=1-58234-468-X}}
* {{Cite book|title=Is Arsenic an Aphrodisiac?|url=https://archive.org/details/isarsenicaphrodi0000cull|last=Cullen|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=0-85404-363-2}}
* {{Cite book|title=As Befits a Legend|url=https://archive.org/details/asbefitslegendbu0000dris|publisher=Kent State University Press|isbn=0-87338-484-9|last=Driskel|first=Paul|date=1993}}
* {{Cite web|last=Dunan|first=Marcel|url=http://www.napoleon.org/fr/salle_lecture/articles/files/Taillenapo_RIN_89_oct1963_2006.asp|title=Napoleon's height|language=French|accessdate=11 Enero 2009|publisher=La Fondation Napoléon|date=1963}}
* {{Cite book|isbn=0-313-31912-X|title=Conscription and democracy: The Draft in France, Great Britain, and the United States|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group| date = 2001|first=George Q.|last=Flynn}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fremont-Barnes|first=Gregory|first2=Todd|last2=Fisher|title=The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonicwarsri0000frem|publisher=Osprey|date=2004|isbn=1-84176-831-6}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/gallery/napo.html|title=Death Mask of Napoleon|accessdate=4 Agosto 2008|publisher=University of North Carolina|last=Fulghum|first=Neil|date=2007|archive-date=22 Hunyo 2013|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HZlE2nZJ?url=http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/gallery/napo.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gates|first=David|title=The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War|url=https://archive.org/details/spanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7|publisher=Da Capo Press|date=2001|isbn=0-306-81083-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gates|first=David|title=The Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815|publisher=Pimlico|isbn=0-7126-0719-6| date = 2003}}
* {{Cite book|author1=Godechot, Jacques|author2=Béatrice Fry Hyslop|author3=David Lloyd Dowd|title=The Napoleonic era in Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9rFmAAAAMAAJ|date=1971|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|displayauthors=1}}
* Grab, Alexander. ''Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe'' (Macmillan, 2003), country by country analysis
* {{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=FUaIGHxCIEwC&amp;pg=PA181|title=Size Matters|date=2006|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|last=Hall|first=Stephen|isbn=0-618-47040-9}}
* {{Cite book|first=Robert|last=Harvey| date = 2006|title=The War of Wars|url=https://archive.org/details/warofwarsepicstr0000harv|publisher=Robinson|isbn=978-1-84529-635-3}}
* {{Cite book|author=Haythornthwaite, Philip J. |title=Napoleon's Military Machine|isbn=0870525492 | date = 1995|publisher=Spellmount}}
* {{Cite journal|journal=Clinical Chemistry|url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/54/12/2092|title=The Death of Napoleon, Cancer or Arsenic?|last=Hindmarsh|first=J. Thomas|first2=John|last2=Savory|volume=54|page=2092|doi=10.1373/clinchem.2008.117358|publisher=American Association for Clinical Chemistry|date=2008|accessdate=10 Oktubre 2010|issue=12}}
* {{Cite book|title=Race, Racism, and Science|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791851094485|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-85109-448-2|last=Jackson|first=John|date=2004}}
* {{Cite book|first=Inari|last=Karsh|title=Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923|publisher=Harvard University Press|date=2001|isbn=0-674-00541-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=UBilaKRKkC&amp;pg=PA11}}{{Dead link|date=Enero 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* Lieven, Dominic. &quot;Review article: Russia and the defeat of Napoleon.&quot; ''Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History'' (2006)7#2 pp: 283-308.
* {{Cite book|title=Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814 |url=https://archive.org/details/russiaagainstnap00liev_0 |last=Lieven | first=Dominic |authorlink=Dominic Lieven | date = 2009 |publisher=Allen Lane/The Penguin Press |location= |isbn= |pages=[https://archive.org/details/russiaagainstnap00liev_0/page/616 617]}}[http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/esdaile_10_09.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605171204/http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/esdaile_10_09.html |date=5 Hunyo 2013 }}
* {{Cite book|first=Marie Adelaide Belloc|last=Lowndes|authorlink=Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes|title=Where Love And Friendship Dwelt|publisher=Macmillan| date = 1943|oclc=67554055}}
* {{Cite book|title=Dom Pedro: The Struggle for Liberty in Brazil and Portugal, 1798–1834|url=https://archive.org/details/dompedrostruggle0000maca|last=Macaulay|first=Neill|publisher=Duke University Press|date=1986|isbn=0-8223-0681-6}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Measurement.html|title=The history of measurement|publisher=St Andrew's University|accessdate=18 Hulyo 2008|date=2003|last=O'Connor|first=J|first2=E F|last2=Robertson}}
* {{Cite book| date = 2003|last=Outhwaite|first=William|isbn=0-631-22164-6|publisher=Blackwell|title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought}}
* {{Cite journal|title=1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict|edition=vol 28|last=Poulos|first=Anthi|journal=International Journal of Legal Information|date=2000|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&amp;handle=hein.journals/ijli28&amp;div=12&amp;id=&amp;page=}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=MdMZqhMzfpYC&amp;pg=PR9|title=Heavy Words Lightly Thrown|publisher=Granta|isbn=1-86207-765-7|date=2004|last=Roberts|first=Chris}}
* {{Cite book|isbn=1-84520-817-X|first=Raffael|last=Scheck|publisher=Berg|title=Germany, 1871–1945: A Concise History|url=https://archive.org/details/germany18711945c0000sche|date=2008}}
* {{Cite book|last=Schom|first=Alan|authorlink=Alan Schom|title=Napoleon Bonaparte|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonbonapart0000scho|date=1997|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-017214-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Schroeder, Paul W.|title=The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BS2z3iGPCigC|date=1996|publisher=Oxford U.P.|pages=177–560|isbn=9780198206545}} advanced diplomatic history of Napoleon and his era
* {{Cite book|last=Schwarzfuchs|first=Simon|publisher=Routledge|date=1979|isbn=0-19-710023-6|title=Napoleon, the Jews and the Sanhedrin|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonjewssanh0000schw}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030078b.htm|title=Balcombe, Alexander Beatson (1811–77)|publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography Online|last=Thomson|first=Kathleen|accessdate=27 Mayo 2008|date=1969|archive-date=2013-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515154458/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balcombe-alexander-beatson-2922|url-status=}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Way the World Works|url=https://archive.org/details/wayworldworks0000wann|last=Wanniski|first=Jude|publisher=Regnery Gateway|isbn=0-89526-344-0|date=1998}}
* {{Cite book|title=Tricolor and crescent|first=William|last=Watson|url=http://books.google.com/?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&amp;pg=PA13|isbn=0-275-97470-7|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=12 Hunyo 2009|date=2003}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=David|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-011813-6| date = 1992}}
* {{Cite book|title=Napoleon's Submarine| date = 1972|last=Wilkins|first=William|isbn=0-450-01028-7|publisher=New English Library|origyear=1944}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=J| date = 1975|title=Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|issue=vol.3|pmc=1674241|pmid=1097047|volume=3|pages=293–5|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wood|first=Philip|title=The Law and Practice of International Finance Series|publisher=Sweet &amp; Maxwell| date = 2007|isbn=1-84703-210-9}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amp;amid=30222626|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425054948/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amp;amid=30222626|archivedate=25 Abril 2008|title=Napoleon's Last Journey|publisher=History Today|last=Woodward|first=Chris|issue=7|date=Hulyo 2005|access-date=31 Hulyo 2012|url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

===Historiograpiya ngan panhinumdom===
* Arnold, E. A. &quot;English Language Napoleonic Historiography, 1973–1998: Thoughts and Considerations&quot;. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89107724353#view=1up;seq=301 ''Proceedings-Western Society for French History'', Vol. 26] (2000). pp.&amp;nbsp;283–294.
* Dunne, John. &quot;Recent Napoleonic Historiography: 'Poor Relation' Makes Good?&quot; ''French History'' (2004) 18#4 pp.&amp;nbsp;484–491.
* Dwyer, Philip. &quot;Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars,&quot; ''French Politics, Culture &amp; Society'' (2008) 26#3 pp 110–122. [http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie42eqLtaashd%2ff7Ebj3u2L8ravSq2otEewpq9Lnq64SrewsFCet8s%2b8ujfhvHX4Yzn5eyB4rOrSbSptUmyqLdMt5zqeezdu33snOJ6u97neaTq33%2b7t8w%2b3%2bS7S7Ovs0mxp7Q%2b5OXwhd%2fqu4ji3MSN6uLSffbq&amp;hid=4207 online]
* {{Cite book|first=Pieter|last=Geyl|authorlink=Pieter Geyl|title=Napoleon For and Against|origyear=1947|date=1982|publisher=Penguin Books|url=http://www.questia.com/library/7932602/napoleon-for-and-against}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714163645/https://www.questia.com/library/7932602/napoleon-for-and-against |date=2015-07-14 }}
* {{Cite web|title=The Claremont Institute: The Little Tyrant, A review of ''Napoleon: A Penguin Life''|url=|publisher=The Claremont Institute|author=Hanson, Victor Davis| date = 2003}}
* Hazareesingh, Sudhir. &quot;Napoleonic Memory in Nineteenth-Century France: The Making of a Liberal Legend,&quot; ''MLN'' (2005) 120#4 pp 747–773  [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/mln/v120/120.4hazareesingh.html online]
* Hazareesingh, Sudhir. ''The Legend of Napoleon'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Legend-Napoleon-Sudhir-Hazareesingh/dp/1862077894/  excerpt and text search]
* Nutting, Sinclair Holmes. &quot;Napoleonic historiography&quot; (MA Thesis, U. of Saskatchewan, 1950)  [http://ecommons.usask.ca/handle/10388/etd-07202010-132035 citation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212014455/http://ecommons.usask.ca/handle/10388/etd-07202010-132035 |date= 12 Disyembre 2013 }}; [http://ecommons.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/etd-07202010-132035/Nutting_Sinclair_Holmes_sec_1950.pdf?sequence=1 full text online free] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212014458/http://ecommons.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/etd-07202010-132035/Nutting_Sinclair_Holmes_sec_1950.pdf?sequence=1 |date= 12 Disyembre 2013 }}

===Syahan nga pagkukuhaan===
* Herold, J. Christopher, ed. ''Mind of Napoleon: A Selection of His Written and Spoken Words'' (1955), 322pp
* Thompson, J.M., ed. ''Napoleon's Letters'' (1954)

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Napoleon Bonaparte|b=European History/Napoleon Bonaparte and the Rise of Nationalism|s=Author:Napoleon Bonaparte}}
* [http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm The Napoleonic Guide]
* [http://www.napoleon-series.org/ Napoleon Series]
* [http://www.napoleonicsociety.com/ International Napoleonic Society]
* {{Imdb character|27456|Napoléon Bonaparte (Character)}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleon/home.html Biography] by the US [[Public Broadcasting Service]]
* [http://www.inside-longwood.com/inside-longwood-chronology.html The last years in St. Helena] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106200629/http://www.inside-longwood.com/inside-longwood-chronology.html |date= 6 Enero 2015 }} Illustrated chronology of Napoleon's captivity in St. Helena.
* [http://www.inside-longwood.com/index.html Inside Longwood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207064822/http://www.inside-longwood.com/index.html |date= 7 Pebrero 2016 }} Descriptions of Longwood House, St. Helena, and other places in the island, as well as articles about Napoleon's captivity.
* [[Alan Schom]] [http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/91435-1/Alan+Schom.aspx Interview on his book ''Napoleon Bonaparte''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423071123/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/91435-1/Alan+Schom.aspx |date= 23 Abril 2012 }} on ''[[Booknotes]]'', 26 Oktubre 1997
* {{Gutenberg|no=3567|name=Memoirs of Napoleon}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=14300|name=The Life of Napoleon I|author=John Holland Rose|authorlink=John Holland Rose}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=17579|name=The History of Napoleon Buonaparte|author=John Gibson Lockhart|authorlink=John Gibson Lockhart}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=24360|name=The Life of Napoleon I.|author=William Milligan Sloane|authorlink=William Milligan Sloane}} Vol. 1/4
* {{Gutenberg|no=27289|name=The Life of Napoleon I.|author=William Milligan Sloane|authorlink=William Milligan Sloane}} Vol. 3/4

{{Mga Mangulo han Estado han Fransya}}
{{DEFAULTSORT: Napoleon 01}}
[[Kaarangay:Fransya]]
[[Kaarangay:Napoleon| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1769]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1821]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]
[[Kaarangay:Politika]]</text>
      <sha1>fluk1tqzz6kp4m4exup50ysdczpuw9y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Charles Darwin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>7783459</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:45:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25092" sha1="jcvtj9hho4r9wqq6w1cuwpdfl7kv2hi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
|name = Charles Darwin
|birth_name=Charles Robert Darwin
|image              = Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg
|alt=Three quarter length studio photo showing Darwin's characteristic large forehead and bushy eyebrows with deep set eyes, pug nose and mouth set in a determined look. He is bald on top, with dark hair and long side whiskers but no beard or moustache. His jacket is dark, with very wide lapels, and his trousers are a light check pattern. His shirt has an upright wing collar, and his cravat is tucked into his waistcoat which is a light fine checked pattern.
|caption = Darwin, edad 45 han tuig 1854, ha panahon han ginbubuhat niya pakadto han publikasyon han ''[[On the Origin of Species|{{nowrap|On the Origin of Species}}]]''
|birth_date = {{birth date|1809|2|12|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[The Mount, Shrewsbury]], [[Shropshire]],  [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1882|4|19|1809|2|12|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Down House]], [[Downe]], [[Kent]], United Kingdom
|residence = England
|citizenship = [[British Citizenship|British]]
|nationality = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]]
|ethnicity = English
|fields = [[natural history|Naturalist]]
|workplaces = [[Geological Society of London]]
|alma_mater = (tertiary education):&lt;br&gt; [[University of Edinburgh]] (medicine) &lt;br /&gt;[[University of Cambridge]] (ordinary Bachelor of Arts)
|doctoral_advisor = &lt;!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time--&gt;
|academic_advisors = [[John Stevens Henslow]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Adam Sedgwick]]
|doctoral_students = &lt;!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time--&gt;
|notable_students =
|known_for = ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[On the Origin of Species]]''&lt;br&gt;[[evolution]] by &lt;br&gt;[[natural selection]],&lt;br&gt;[[common descent]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences = [[Alexander von Humboldt]]&lt;br&gt;[[John Herschel]]&lt;br&gt;[[Charles Lyell]]
|influenced = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]&lt;br&gt;[[Thomas Henry Huxley]]&lt;br&gt;[[George Romanes]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ernst Haeckel]]&lt;br&gt;[[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Sir John Lubbock]]
|awards = [[Royal Medal]] (1853)&lt;br&gt;[[Wollaston Medal]] (1859)&lt;br&gt;[[Copley Medal]] (1864)
|signature = Charles Darwin Signature.svg
|signature_alt = &quot;Charles Darwin&quot;, with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial &quot;C&quot;
|footnotes =
|spouse = [[Emma Darwin]] (1839-1896)
}}
Hi '''Charles Robert Darwin''' (12 Pebrero 1809 – 19 Abril 1882) amo an usa ka Ingles nga naturalista syentipiko nga nagpahimatuod ngan naglatag hin mga kasarigan nga ngatanan nga kinabuhi nagtikang ha kapareho nga tinikangan (ebolusyon), pamaagi han tinatawag niya nga pagpili natural.

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{Cite news
| last = Anonymous
| date = 1882
| title =Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin
| periodical =[[The New York Times]]
| issue =21 Abril 1882
| url =http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0212.html
| accessdate =30 Oktubre 2008
| ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = Balfour
| first =J. H.
| authorlink = John Hutton Balfour
| date = 11 Mayo 1882
| title = [[s:Transactions &amp; Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh/Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin|Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin]]
| journal=[[Transactions &amp; Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh]]
| issue = 14
| pages = 284–298|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
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| first =Robert C.
| date = 1989
| title = Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought.
| location = Philadelphia
| publisher=Temple University Press
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
| last = Browne
| first = E. Janet
| authorlink = Janet Browne
| date = 1995
| title = Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging
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| publication-place = London
| publisher=Jonathan Cape
| isbn = 1-84413-314-1|ref=harv
}}
* {{Cite book
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| first = E. Janet
| date = 2002
| title = Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place
| publication-place = London
| publisher=Jonathan Cape
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* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1835
| title = Extracts from letters to Professor Henslow
| publication-place = Cambridge
| publisher=[privately printed]
| url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1837
| title =Notebook B: (Transmutation of species)
| publisher=Darwin Online
| id =CUL-DAR121
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&amp;itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =20 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last= Darwin
| first= Charles
| date = 1839
| title=Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832–1836.
| location= London
| publisher=Henry Colburn
| volume=III
| url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| author-link =
| date = 1842
| publication-date = 1909
| contribution =Pencil Sketch of 1842
| contribution-url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&amp;itemID=F1556&amp;pageseq=33
| editor-last = Darwin
| editor-first = Francis
| editor-link = Francis Darwin
| title =The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844.
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1556&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| isbn = 0-548-79998-9
| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last= Darwin
| first= Charles
| author-link=
| date = 1845
| title= Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition
| location= London
| publisher=John Murray
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}}
* {{Cite journal
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| author2-link = Alfred Russel Wallace
| date = 1858
| title =[[On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection]]
| edition =
| series = Zoology 3
| publication-place =
| journal=Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London
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| volume = 3
| issue = 9}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1859
| title =On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
| edition =1st
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| publisher=John Murray
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| isbn = 1-4353-9386-4
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* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
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| author-link =
| date = 1868
| title = The variation of animals and plants under domestication
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| accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn = 1-4191-8660-4}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1871
| title =The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
| edition =1st
| publication-place = London
| publisher=John Murray
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| accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn = 0-8014-2085-7
}}
* {{Cite book
 | last = Darwin
 | first = Charles
 | date = 1872
 | title = The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
 | edition = 6th
 | location = London
 | publisher=John Murray
 | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F391&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
 | accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2009 |ref=harv
 | isbn = 1-4353-9386-4}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1887
| editor-last = Darwin
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| editor-link =Francis Darwin
| title = The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter
| location = London
| publisher=John Murray
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html
| accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn = 0-404-08417-6}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 1958
| editor-last = Barlow
| editor-first = Nora
| editor-link =Nora Barlow
| title =The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&amp;itemID=F1497&amp;viewtype=text
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| publisher=Collins
| accessdate =28 Septyembre 2013|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Darwin
| first = Charles
| date = 2006
| contribution =Journal
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| editor-first = John
| title =Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809–1881)
| publisher=Darwin Online
| id =CUL-DAR158.1–76
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_JournalDAR158.html
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* {{Cite book
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| location = London
| publisher=Michael Joseph, Penguin Group
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* {{Cite book
| last = Desmond
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| author-link =
| last2 = Moore
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| author2-link = James Moore (biographer)
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| publication-place = Oxford, England
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* {{Cite journal
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| first = Theodosius
| author-link = Theodosius Dobzhansky
| date= Marso 1973
| title = Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-biology-teacher_1973-03_35_3/page/n14
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| pages = 125–129
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| issue = 3
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = Eldredge
| first = Niles
| author-link = Niles Eldredge
| date = 2006
| title = Confessions of a Darwinist
| periodical = The Virginia Quarterly Review
| issue = Spring 2006
| pages = 32–53
| url = http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/
| accessdate = 4 Nobyembre 2008
| ref = harv
| archive-date = 2013-12-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110620/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/
| url-status = 
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = FitzRoy
| first = Robert
| author-link = Robert Fitzroy
| date = 1839
| title = Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II
| publication-place = London
| publisher=Henry Colburn
| url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Freeman
| first = R. B.
| author-link = R. B. Freeman
| date = 1977
| title = The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist
| publication-place = Folkestone
| publisher=Wm Dawson &amp; Sons Ltd
| url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A1&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn = 0-208-01658-9}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Freeman
  | first = R. B. 
  | title = Charles Darwin: A companion
  | publisher = [[The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online]]
  | date = 2007 
  | edition =2nd online 
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  | pp = 107, 109
  | accessdate=25 Disyembre 2014|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal
| last =Herbert
| first = Sandra
| date = 1980
| title =The red notebook of Charles Darwin
| journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
| series =Historical Series
| issue = 7 (24 April)
| pages =1–164
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&amp;itemID=F1583e&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =11 Enero 2009|ref=harv
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last =Herbert
| first = Sandra
| date = 1991
| title =Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author
| journal=British Journal for the History of Science
| issue = 24
| pages =159–192
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&amp;itemID=A342&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv
| doi =10.1017/S0007087400027060
| volume =24
}}
* {{Cite book
| last= Keynes
| first= Richard
| author-link = Richard Keynes
| date = 2000
| title = Charles Darwin's zoology notes &amp; specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle.
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1840&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn= 0-521-46569-9}}
* {{Cite book
| last= Keynes
| first= Richard
| date = 2001
| title=Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1925&amp;viewtype=text&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv
| isbn= 0-521-23503-0}}
* {{Cite web
 |last         = Kotzin
 |first        = Daniel
 | date = 2004
 |title        = Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism
 |publisher    = Columbia American History Online
 |url          = http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html
 |accessdate   = 22 Nobyembre 2008
 |ref          = harv
 |archive-date = 19 Hulyo 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719072856/http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html
 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Edward J.|authorlink=Edward Larson|title=Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka00lars|publisher=Modern Library| date = 2004|isbn=0-679-64288-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web
| last = Leff
| first = David
| date = 2000
| title = AboutDarwin.com
| url = http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html
| edition = 2000–2008
| accessdate = 30 Disyembre 2008
| ref = harv
| archive-date = 28 Agosto 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130828111301/http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html
| url-status             = dead
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = Leifchild
| date=19 Nobyembre 1859
| title =Review of 'Origin'
| periodical =[[Athenaeum (magazine)|Athenaeum]]
| issue = 1673
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=image&amp;itemID=CUL-DAR226.1.8&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = Miles
| first = Sara Joan
| date = 2001
| title =Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design
| journal=Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith
| volume = 53
| pages =196–201
| url =http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html
| accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite news
 |last         = Moore
 |first        = James
 |author-link  = James Moore (biographer)
 | date = 2005
 |title        = Darwin – A 'Devil's Chaplain'?
 |publisher    = American Public Media
 |url          = http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf
 |format       = PDF
 |accessdate   = 22 Nobyembre 2008
 |ref          = harv
 |archive-date = 27 Pebrero 2008
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 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite news
 |last         = Moore
 |first        = James
 | date = 2006
 |title        = Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin
 |series       = Speaking of Faith (Radio Program)
 |publisher    = American Public Media
 |url          = http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml
 |accessdate   = 22 Nobyembre 2008
 |ref          = harv
 |archive-date = 22 Disyembre 2008
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 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Owen
| first = Richard
| author-link = Richard Owen
| date = 1840
| editor-last = Darwin
| editor-first = C. R.
| title = Fossil Mammalia Part 1
| series =The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
| location = London
| publisher=Smith Elder and Co|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Paul
| first =Diane B.
| date = 2003
| contribution =Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics
| editor-last = Hodge
| editor-first = Jonathan
| editor2-last = Radick
| editor2-first = Gregory
| title =The Cambridge Companion to Darwin
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages =214–239
| isbn = 0-521-77730-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web
| last = Smith
| first = Charles H.
| title = Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay
| date = 1999
| url = http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm
| accessdate = 7 Disyembre 2008
| ref = harv
| archive-date = 2008-12-05
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081205020823/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm
| url-status = 
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = Sulloway
| first =Frank J.
| author-link =Frank Sulloway
| date = 1982
| title =Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend
| journal=Journal of the History of Biology
| volume = 15
| issue = 1
| pages =1–53
|format=PDF
| url =http://www.sulloway.org/Finches.pdf
| accessdate =9 Disyembre 2008
| doi = 10.1007/BF00132004|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web
| last = Sweet
| first = William
| title = Herbert Spencer
| publisher=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
| date = 2004
| url = http://www.iep.utm.edu/spencer/
| accessdate =16 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web
| last = Wilkins
| first = John S.
| date = 1997
| title =Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right?
| publisher=[[TalkOrigins Archive]]
| url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil/social.html
| accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Wilkins
| first = John S.
| date = 2008
| contribution =Darwin
| editor-last = Tucker
| editor-first = Aviezer
| title =A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography
| series =Blackwell Companions to Philosophy
| pages =405–415
| publication-place =Chichester
| publisher=Wiley-Blackwell
| isbn =1-4051-4908-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal
| last = van Wyhe
| first = John
| title = Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?
| journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society
| volume = 61
| issue =2| pages = 177–205
| date = 27 Marso 2007
| doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171
| url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&amp;itemID=A544&amp;pageseq=1
| accessdate =7 Pebrero 2008|ref=harv
}}
* {{Cite web
| last =van Wyhe
| first = John
| date = 2008
| title =Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch
| publisher=Darwin Online
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html
| accessdate =17 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last =van Wyhe
| first =John
| publication-date =1 Septyembre 2008
| date = 2008b
| title =Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution
| publication-place =London
| publisher=Andre Deutsch Ltd
| isbn =0-233-00251-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last =von Sydow
| first = Momme
| date = 2005
| contribution =Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science
| contribution-url =http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090326070105/http://www.psych.uni-goettingen.de/abt/1/sydow/von_Sydow_(2005)_Darwin_A_Christian_Undermining_Christianity.pdf
| editor-last = Knight
| editor-first =David M.
| editor2-last = Eddy
| editor2-first =Matthew D.
| title =Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900
| location = Burlington
| publisher=Ashgate
| pages =141–156
| isbn =0-7546-3996-7
| accessdate =16 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web
| last = Yates
| first = Simon
| date = 2003
| title =The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood
| publisher=[[TalkOrigins Archive]]
| url =http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hope.html
| accessdate =15 Disyembre 2006|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{sisterlinks|s=Charles Robert Darwin|author=yes|wikt=no|species_author=Charles Robert Darwin}}
{{Library resources box
 |onlinebooks=yes
 |by=yes
 |viaf= 27063124
 |label=Charles Darwin
 }}
* [[The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online]] – [http://darwin-online.org.uk/ Darwin Online]; Darwin's publications, private papers and bibliography, supplementary works including biographies, obituaries and reviews
* [http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/ Darwin Correspondence Project] Full text and notes for complete correspondence to 1867, with summaries of all the rest
** Darwin-Hooker letters, images and text jointly published at [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/darwinhooker Cambridge Digital Library] and [http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-hooker-letters Darwin Correspondence Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711123808/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-hooker-letters |date= 11 Hulyo 2014 }}
* {{gutenberg author| id=Charles+Darwin| name=Charles Darwin}}; public domain
* [http://darwin.amnh.org/ Darwin Manuscript Project]
* [http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&amp;author=charles+darwin&amp;status=all&amp;action=Search Works by Charles Darwin in audio format] from [[LibriVox]]
* [http://archives.cbc.ca/science_technology/natural_science/topics/3696/ Video and radio clips] [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* {{dmoz|Science/Biology/History/People/Darwin,_Charles/}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n78-95637}}
* {{NRA|P7461}}
* [http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html A Pictorial Biography of Charles Darwin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705135038/http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html |date= 5 Hulyo 2014 }}
* [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/darwin_nazism.htm Mis-portrayal of Darwin as a Racist]
* [http://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zlY48eTMIq2I.kAz5eIDk_Q1I  Google Map of Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle 1832-1836] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125153030/https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zlY48eTMIq2I.kAz5eIDk_Q1I |date= 25 Enero 2015 }}
* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/darwinvolcano.html Darwin's Volcano] – a short video discussing Darwin and Agassiz' coral reef formation debate
* {{Cite EB1911| wstitle=Darwin, Charles Robert}}
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/interactive/2009/feb/12/charles-darwin '' The life and times of Charles Darwin'', an audio slideshow, The Guardian, Thursday 12 February 2009,] (3 min 20 sec).
* [http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/showcases/charlesdarwin/ Darwin's Brave New World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622123730/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/showcases/charlesdarwin/ |date=2013-06-22 }} – A 3 part drama-documentary exploring Charles Darwin and the significant contributions of his colleagues Joseph Hooker, Thomas Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace also featuring interviews with [[Richard Dawkins]], David Suzuki, Jared Diamond
* [http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosdarwinE/darwin.html A naturalist's voyage around the world] Account of the ''Beagle'' voyage using animation, in English from [[French National Centre for Scientific Research|Centre national de la recherche scientifique]]
* {{Cite book|last=''Anonymous''|others=Illustrated by [[s:Author:Frederick Waddy|Waddy, Frederick]]|title=Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/C._R._Darwin,_F.R.S.|accessdate=28 Disyembre 2010| date = 1873|publisher=Tinsley Brothers|location=London|pages=6–7}}
* View books owned and annotated by [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/collection/darwinlibrary Charles Darwin] at the online Biodiversity Heritage Library.
* [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/darwin_mss Digitised Darwin Manuscripts] in [[Cambridge Digital Library]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Darwin, Charles}}
[[Kaarangay:Charles Darwin| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1809]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1882]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Darwin, Charles]]</text>
      <sha1>jcvtj9hho4r9wqq6w1cuwpdfl7kv2hi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Imperyo Bizantino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783418</id>
      <parentid>7783061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:35:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 3 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="51805" sha1="gizne5znc5ceu03jum6bqy4pw0kr62a" xml:space="preserve">An '''Imperyo Bizantino''' o Sinirangan Imperyo Romano, nga kilala han mangurukoy hini nga an Imperyo Romano, an Imperyo han mga Romano ([[Griniyego]]:Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn), Romania (Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía), o Romais (Ῥωμαΐς Rhōmaís), amo an nagsunod han Imperyo Romano han Butnga nga mga Panahon, nga nagpapalibot ha kapital hini nga [[Constantinople]] (han una Bizantium, yana Istanbul), ngan gindudumara han mga imperador nga namana tikang han mga imperador Romano.

==Mga reperensya==
=== Syahan nga pagkukuhaan ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Choniates|first=Nicetas|authorlink=Nicetas Choniates|title=Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History by D.C. Munro (Series 1, Vol 3:1)|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|pages=15–16| date = 1912|chapter=The Sack of Constantinople (1204)|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cinnamus|first=Ioannes|authorlink=John Kinnamos|title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus|url=https://archive.org/details/deedsofjohnmanue0000kinn|location=New York and West Sussex|publisher=Columbia University Press| date = 1976|isbn=0-231-04080-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|author=Eusebius|authorlink=Eusebius of Caesaria|title=Life of Constantine (Book IV)|publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iv.vi.i.i.html}}
* {{Cite book|author=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|authorlink=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|title= Chronicles of the Crusades (translated by Margaret R. Shaw)|publisher=Penguin Classics| date = 1963|isbn=0-14-044124-7|chapter=The Conquest of Constantinople|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Komnene|first=Anna|authorlink=Anna Komnene|title=The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A. S. Dawes)|publisher=Internet Medieval Sourcebook|chapter=Books X-XIII|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION|date=1928|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122745/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION |date=2020-04-13 }}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Seeck|editor-first=Otto|title=Notitia Dignitatum; accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae Laterculi Prouinciarum|location=Berlin|publisher=Weidmann| date = 1876|url=http://archive.org/details/notitiadignitat00silvgoog|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

=== Segundaryo nga pagkukuhaan ===
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|first=Agustí|last=Alemany|title=Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill| date = 2000|pages=170–243|isbn=90-04-11442-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ahrweiler|first=Hélène|last2=Laiou|first2=Angeliki E.|author1-link=Helene Ahrweiler|author2-link=Angeliki Laiou|title=Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesoninterna0000unse|chapter=Preface|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks| date = 1998|isbn=0-88402-247-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Anastos|first=Milton V.| date = 1962|title=The History of Byzantine Science. Report on the Dumbarton Oaks Symposium of 1961|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|issn=0070-7546|volume=16|pages=409–411| doi=10.2307/1291170|jstor=1291170|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Angold|first=Michael|title=The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire10000ango|location=London|publisher=Longman| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-582-29468-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Antonucci|first=Michael| date = 1993|title=War by Other Means: The Legacy of Byzantium|journal=History Today|volume=43|issue=2|pages=11–13|issn=0018-2753|url=http://www.historytoday.com/michael-antonucci/war-other-means-legacy-byzantium|accessdate=21 Mayo 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|first=Sophocles Evangelinus|last=Apostolides|title=Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods|location=Hildesheim|publisher=Georg Olms| date = 1992|isbn=3-487-05765-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Bayless|first=William N.| date = 1976|title=The Treaty with the Huns of 443|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_summer-1976_97_2/page/176|journal=The American Journal of Philology|volume=97|pages=176–179|jstor=294410|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Baynes|first=Norman Hepburn| date = 1912|title=The Restoration of the Cross at Jerusalem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1912-04_27_106/page/287|doi=10.1093/ehr/XXVII.CVI.287|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=27|issue=106|issn=0013-8266|pages=287–299|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Baynes|editor1-first=Norman Hepburn|editor2-last=Moss|editor2-first=Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumintrodu00baynrich|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press| date = 1948|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Baynes|first=Spencer|chapter=Vlachs|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|edition=11th|location=New York| date = 1907|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Beaton|first=Roderick|title=The Medieval Greek Romance|url=https://archive.org/details/medievalgreekrom0000beat|location=New York and London|publisher=Routledge| date = 1996|isbn=0-415-12032-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Beckwith|first=John|title=Early Christian and Byzantine Art|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|origyear=1970| date = 1993|isbn=0-300-05296-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Béhar|first=Pierre|title=Vestiges d'Empires: La Décomposition de l'Europe Centrale et Balkanique|location=Paris|publisher=Éditions Desjonquères| date = 1999|isbn=2-84321-015-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Benz|first=Ernst|title=The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life| date = 1963|location=Piscataway|publisher=Aldine Transaction|isbn=978-0-202-36298-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5Z_evECb1UC|ref=harv}} 
* {{Cite book|last1=Bideleux|first1=Robert|last2=Jeffries|first2=Ian|title=A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofeastern0000bide|location=New York and London|publisher=Routledge| date = 1998|isbn=0-415-16111-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Birkenmeier|first=John W.|title=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill| date = 2002|isbn=90-04-11710-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Blume|first=Fred H.|editor-last=Kearley|authorlink=Fred H. Blume|editor-first=Timothy|title=Annotated Justinian Code| date = 2008|url=http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/index.html|location=Laramie|publisher=University of Wyoming|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bray|first=R. S.|title=Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History|publisher=James Clarke| date = 2004|isbn=0-227-17240-X|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Robert|chapter=The Continuity of Hellenism in the Byzantine world: Appearance or Reality?|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greeceoldnew0000unse_o7v6/page/110 111]–128|editor1-last=Winnifrith|editor1-first=Tom|editor2-last=Murray|editor2-first=Penelope|title=Greece Old and New|url=https://archive.org/details/greeceoldnew0000unse_o7v6| date = 1983|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-333-27836-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Robert|title=The Byzantine Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire0000brow|location=Washington, DC|publisher=The Catholic University of America Press| date = 1992|isbn=0-8132-0754-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bryce|first=James|title=Studies in History and Jurisprudence, Vol. 1|publisher=H. Frowde| date = 1901|isbn=1-4021-9046-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brooke|first=Zachary Nugent|title=A History of Europe, from 911 to 1198|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef0000broo|location=London|publisher=Methuen| date = 1962|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Burns|first=Thomas S.|title=A History of Ostrogoths|location=Bloomington and Indianapolis|publisher=Indiana University Press| date = 1991|isbn=0-253-20600-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bury|first=John Bagnall|authorlink=J. B. Bury|title=History of the Later Roman Empire|location=London|publisher=Macmillan| date = 1923|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/home.html|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Bury|first1=John Bagnall|last2=Philotheus|title=The Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century: With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos| date = 1911|location=London|publisher=Oxford University Press|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Bury|first1=John Bagnall|title=The Early History of the Slavonic Settlements in Dalmatia, Croatia, &amp; Serbia|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan| date = 1920|url=http://archive.org/stream/earlyhistoryofsl00consrich|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Cameron|first=Averil|authorlink=Averil Cameron| date = 1979|title=Images of Authority: Elites and Icons in Late Sixth-century Byzantium|doi=10.1093/past/84.1.3|journal=Past and Present|volume=84|issue=1|page=3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 14:  Late antiquity| date = 2000|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|editor=Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins and Michael Whitby|chapter=Vandal and Byzantine Africa|pages=552–569|isbn=0-521-32591-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=The Byzantines|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantines0000came| date = 2006|location=Oxford|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|script-title=el:Οι Βυζαντινοί|location=Athens|publisher=Psychogios| date = 2009|language=Greek [translation of Cameron 2006]|isbn=978-960-453-529-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|title=The Byzantine and Islamic Early Near East I: Problems in the Literary Source Material| date = 1992|publisher=Darwin|editor=Averil Cameron and Lawrence I. Conrad|chapter=New Themes and Styles in Greek Literature, 7th and 8th centuries|isbn=0-87850-080-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=George L.|title=Compendium of the World's Languages: Abaza to Kurdish|url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofworl00camp| date = 2000|origyear=1991|location=New York and London|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-20296-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chrysos|first=Evangelos|title=Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the Twenty-Fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, March 1990 (Society for the Promotion of Byzant)|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinediploma0000spri| date = 1992|publisher=Variorum|isbn=0-86078-338-3|editor=Jonathan Shepard, Simon Franklin|chapter=Byzantine Diplomacy, CE 300–800: Means and End|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Victoria|title=Why Angels Fall: A Journey through Orthodox Europe from Byzantium to Kosovo|url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_o2c0|location=London|publisher=Macmillan| date = 2000|isbn=0-312-23396-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=H. Floris|title=The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press| date = 1994|isbn=0-226-11280-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Comrie|first=Bernard|chapter=Russian|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languagestheirst0000unse/page/91 91]–152|editor-last=Shopen|editor-first=Timothy|title=Languages and Their Status|url=https://archive.org/details/languagestheirst0000unse|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press| date = 1987|isbn=0-8122-1249-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|authorlink=Norman Davies|title=Europe: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0| date = 1996|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-820171-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Day|first=Gerald W.|title=Manuel and the Genoese: A Reappraisal of Byzantine Commercial Policy in the Late Twelfth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-history_1977-06_37_2/page/289|journal=The Journal of Economic History|volume=37 |issue=2|pages=289–301|doi=10.1017/S0022050700096947| date = 1977|jstor=2118759|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dennis|first=George T.|title=Three Byzantine Military Treatises|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks| date = 1985|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web|last=Dickson|first=Paul|title=Mathematics Through the Middle Ages (320–1660 AD)|accessdate=1 Abril 2008|work=Medieval Mathematics|publisher=University of South Australia|url=http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/medmm.htm|ref=harv|archive-date=13 Mayo 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513152720/http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/medmm.htm|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Diehl|first=Charles|chapter=Byzantine Art|editor1-last=Baynes|editor1-first=Norman Hepburn|editor2-last=Moss|editor2-first=Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumintrodu00baynrich|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon| date = 1948|oclc=1058121|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Drake|first=H. A.|title=Constantine and Consensus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_church-history_1995-03_64_1/page/n8|journal=Church History|volume=64|issue=1| date = 1995|pages=1–15|jstor=3168653|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Duiker|first1=William J.|last2=Spielvogel|first2=Jackson J.|title=The Essential World History|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialworldhi0000will| date = 2010|location=Boston|publisher=Wadsworth|isbn=978-0-495-90227-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=El-Cheikh|first=Nadia Maria|title=Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumviewedb0000elch|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA| date = 2004|isbn=0-932885-30-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Esler|first=Philip Francis|title=The Early Christian World|url=https://archive.org/details/earlychristianwo0001phil| date = 2004|location=New York and London|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-33312-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Evans|first=James Allan Stewart|title=The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/emperorjustinian0000evan|location=Westport|publisher=Greenwood| date = 2005|isbn=0-313-32582-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Evans|first=Helen C.|title=Byzantium, Faith and Power (1261–1557)| date = 2004|location=New York, NY|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press|isbn=1-58839-114-0|url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/58371/rec/3|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last1=Paparrigopoulos|first1=Constantine|author1-link=Constantine Paparrigopoulos|last2=Karolidis|first2=Pavlos|author2-link=Pavlos Karolidis|title=Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους [&quot;History of the Greek Nation&quot;], vol. 4|publisher=Eleftheroudakis|language=Greek| date = 1925|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Parry|first=Kenneth|title=Depicting the Word: Byzantine Iconophile Thought of the Eighth and Ninth Centuries|location=Leiden and New York|publisher=Brill | date = 1996|isbn=90-04-10502-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Patterson|first=Gordon M.|title=The Essentials of Medieval History: 500 to 1450 AD, the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsofmedi0000patt|location=Piscataway|publisher=Research and Education Association| date = 1995|origyear=1990|isbn=978-0-87891-705-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Postan|first1=Michael Moïssey|last2=Miller|first2=Edward|last3=Postan|first3= Cynthia|title=The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Volume 2)|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1987|isbn=0-521-08709-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pounds|first=Norman John Greville|title=An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra0000poun|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1979|isbn=0-521-22379-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Read|first=Piers Paul|authorlink=Piers Paul Read|title=The Templars: The Dramatic History of the Knights Templar, The Most Powerful Military Order of the Crusades|url=https://archive.org/details/templars0000read_m0z1|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin's Press| date = 2000|origyear=1999|isbn=0-312-26658-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor=Cyril Mango|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2002|pages=248–283|isbn=0-19-814098-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rice|first=David Talbot|authorlink=David Talbot Rice|title=Byzantine Art (3rd Edition)| date = 1968|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Robins|first=Robert Henry|title=The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinegrammar0000robi| date = 1993|location=Berlin and New York|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|isbn=3-11-013574-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rosser|first=John H.|title=Historical Dictionary of Byzantium|chapter=Introduction|location=Lanham, MA|publisher=Scarecrow| date = 2011|isbn=0-8108-7567-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy| date = 1982|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-28926-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Fall of Constantinople, 1453|url=https://archive.org/details/fallofconstantin0000runc| date = 1990|isbn=0-521-39832-0|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Last Byzantine Renaissance|url=https://archive.org/details/lastbyzantineren0000runc|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1970|isbn=0-521-07787-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ryan|first=Herbert J.|title=The College Student's Introduction to Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/collegestudentsi00chap| date = 1993|publisher=Liturgical Press|chapter=The Church in History|editors=Christopher Key Chapple and Thomas P. Rausch|isbn=0-8146-5841-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sarantis|first=Alexander| date = 2009|title=War and Diplomacy in Pannonia and the Northwest Balkans during the Reign of Justinian: The Gepid Threat and Imperial Responses|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=63|pages=15–40|jstor=41219761|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sedlar|first=Jean W.|title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500|volume=III|location=Seattle|publisher=University of Washington Press| date = 1994|isbn=0-295-97290-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Seton-Watson|first=Hugh|title=The Russian Empire, 1801–1917|url=https://archive.org/details/russianempire1800000seto|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1967|isbn=0-19-822152-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Shahid|first=Irfan|title=The Iranian Factor in Byzantium during the Reign of Heraclius| date = 1972|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=26|pages=293–320|doi=10.2307/1291324|jstor=1291324|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Šišić|first=Ferdo|authorlink=Ferdo Šišić|title=Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara: sa 280 slika i 3 karte u bojama|location=Zagreb|publisher=Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske| date = 1990|isbn=86-401-0080-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sotinel|first=Claire|chapter=Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century: The Western View|editor-last=Maas|editor-first=Michael|title=The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2005|pages=267–290|isbn=0-521-81746-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Speck|first=Paul|journal=Poikila Byzantina|volume=4| date = 1984|title=Ikonoklasmus und die Anfänge der Makedonischen Renaissance|pages=175–210|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stephenson|first=Paul|title=Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2000|isbn=0-521-77017-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=John II Komnenos (CE 1118–1143)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=18 Mayo 2007|ref=harv|archive-date=29 Septyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929180453/http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=Manuel I Komnenos (CE 1143–1180)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/mannycom.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=5 Pebrero 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Tarasov|first1=Oleg|last2=Milner-Gulland|first2=R. R.|title=Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia|url=https://archive.org/details/icondevotionsacr0000tara|location=London|publisher=Reaktion| date = 2004|isbn=1-86189-118-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Tatakes|first1=Vasileios N.|last2=Moutafakis|first2=Nicholas J.|title=[[Byzantine Philosophy]]| date = 2003|location=Indianapolis|publisher=Hackett|isbn=0-87220-563-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Teall|first=John L.| date = 1967|title=The Age of Constantine Change and Continuity in Administration and Economy|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=21|pages=11–36|jstor=1291256|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Timberlake|first=Alan|title=A Reference Grammar of Russian|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2004|isbn=978-0-521-77292-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1995|isbn=0-8047-2420-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000trea|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1997|isbn=0-8047-2630-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=The Byzantine Revival, 780–842|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinerevival0000warr|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1991|isbn=0-8047-1896-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Troianos|first=Spyros|last2=Velissaropoulou-Karakosta|first2=Julia|title=Ιστορία δικαίου από την αρχαία στην νεώτερη Ελλάδα [&quot;History of law from ancient to modern Greece&quot;]|location=Athens|publisher=Sakkoulas| date = 1997|isbn=960-232-594-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Vasiliev|first=Alexander Alexandrovich|authorlink=Alexander Vasiliev (historian)|title=History of the Byzantine Empire| date = 1928–1935|location=Madison|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|url=http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0832.HTM|isbn=0-299-80925-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Versteegh|first=Cornelis H. M.|title=Greek Elements in Arabic Linguistic Thinking| date = 1977|isbn=90-04-04855-3|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Bruce|title=Sieges: A Comparative Study|url=https://archive.org/details/siegescomparativ0000wats| date = 1993|location=Westport|publisher=Praeger|isbn=0-275-94034-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Weitzmann|first=Kurt|authorlink=Kurt Weitzmann|title=The Icon|url=https://archive.org/details/icon0000unse_w3g2| date = 1982|location=London|publisher=Evans Brothers|isbn=0-237-45645-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=Herbert George|authorlink=H. G. Wells|title=A Short History of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofwo00welluoft|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan| date = 1922|isbn=0-06-492674-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Whittow|first=Mark|title=The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofbyzantiu0000whit|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|publisher=University of California Press| date = 1996|isbn=0-520-20496-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wickham|first=Chris|authorlink=Christopher Wickham|title=The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780670020980|location=New York|publisher=Viking| date = 2009|isbn=0-670-02098-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Wolff|first=Robert Lee| date = 1948|title=Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_speculum_1948-01_23_1/page/1|journal=Speculum|volume=23|issue=1|pages=1–34|jstor=2853672|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wroth|first=Warwick|title=Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum| date = 1908|publisher=British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals|isbn=1-4021-8954-0|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Ahrweiler|first1=Hélène|last2=Aymard|first2=Maurice|title=Les Européens| date = 2000|location=Paris|publisher=Hermann|isbn=2-7056-6409-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Angelov|first=Dimiter|title=Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium (1204–1330)| date = 2007|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-85703-1}}
* Baboula, Evanthia, Byzantium, in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776
* {{Cite book | author= Evans, Helen C. &amp; Wixom, William D | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/188784|title=The glory of Byzantium: art and culture of the Middle Byzantine era, A.D. 843-1261 | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | date = 1997 | isbn=978-0-8109-6507-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=The Byzantine Wars: Battles and Campaigns of the Byzantine Era|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumhistory0000hald| date = 2001|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|publisher=Tempus Publishing|isbn=0-7524-1795-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hussey|first=J. M.|title=The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol.&amp;nbsp;IV: The Byzantine Empire| date = 1966|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* Jeffreys, Elizabeth, Byzantine Literature, in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=Byzantine Civilisation|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinecivilis0000stev| date = 1966|location=London|publisher=[[Edward Arnold (publisher)]] Limited|isbn=1-56619-574-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign|origyear=1929| date = 1990|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-06164-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Toynbee|first=Arnold Joseph|title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World|url=https://archive.org/details/constantineporph0000toyn|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1972|isbn=0-19-215253-X}}
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes}}
{{refend|2}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikisource portal}}
{{wiktionary|Byzantine}}

* {{In Our Time|Byzantine Empire|p00547j9|Byzantine_Empire}}
* [http://www.roman-emperors.org/ De Imperatoribus Romanis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913043304/http://www.roman-emperors.org/ |date= 13 Septyembre 2020 }}. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
* [http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ 12 Byzantine Rulers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718092221/http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ |date= 18 Hulyo 2016 }} by Lars Brownworth of [[The Stony Brook School]]; audio lectures. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/education/31education.html NYTimes review].
* [http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html 18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928094312/http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html |date=2009-09-28 }} (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime).
* [http://www.byzantinemuseum.gr/en/ Byzantine &amp; Christian Museum]

=== Mga pag-aram hin Bizantino, pagkukuhaan ngan bibliograpiya ===
* Fox, Clinton R. [http://www.romanity.org/htm/fox.01.en.what_if_anything_is_a_byzantine.01.htm What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410123427/http://www.doaks.org/Byzantine.html Byzantine studies homepage] at [[Dumbarton Oaks]]. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008060507/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ |date=2014-10-08 }}. Links to various online resources.
* [http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107172532/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html |date= 7 Nobyembre 2011 }}. Online sourcebook.
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/ De Re Militari]. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170022/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html |date=2014-08-14 }}. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/byzantine/ Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life]. Hosted by the [[University of Vienna]]; in English.
* [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp Constantinople Home Page]. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
* [http://graal.org.ua/en/theodoro-principality Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture].
* [http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/ Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diperensya ha panhunahuna</title>
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      <text bytes="3914" sha1="hid0j6d9dhn7om2b6yw3jvza7wubm29" xml:space="preserve">Iton '''diperensya ha panhunahuna''' o '''sakit ha panhunahuna''' in sikolohikal nga pagsunodsunod, nga posible makit-an ha pamatasa, nga agsob nahisusumpay ha pagkakuri han kahimtang o disabilidad, nga diri lakip han normal nga pagdukwag han kultura han usa ka tawo.  An '''diperensya ha panhunahuna''' in agsob sinisiring nga pagtampo kun unanhon umaabat, kumiwa, maghunahuna.  Ini in mahisusumpay ha partikular nga rehiyon o mga buruhaton han utok o an salin han sistem nerbosa, agsob ha sosyal nga konteksto.  Ini in pagkilala nga pagintende han kahimtang han kaupayan han panhunahuna nga nagliliwan-liwan han panahon ngan ha dirudilain nga kultura, ngan may-ada liwat pagkakaiba ha depinisyon, pan-panginano ngan pag-arangay, bisan may-ada istandarte nga taramdan nga kriterya nga haluag nga paggamit.  Sumala han Kalibutanon Katig-uban hin Kalibsogan, haros kattulo han tawo ha kadam-an nga nasod, in nasumat hin problema ha danay nga panahon ha ira kinabuhi nga natuman han mga kriterya han diyagnosis han usa o labaw pa nga absob nga tipo hin '''diperensya ha panhunahuna'''.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Atkinson, J. (2006) ''Private and Public Protection: Civil Mental Health Legislation'', Edinburgh, Dunedin Academic Press ISBN 1-903765-61-7
* {{Cite book | author=Hockenbury, Don and Sandy | title=Discovering Psychology | url=https://archive.org/details/discoveringpsych0000hock_m1t2 | publisher=Worth Publishers | year=2004 | isbn=0-7167-5704-4}}
* {{Cite book | author=Fried, Yehuda and Joseph Agassi, | title=Paranoia: A Study in Diagnosis| publisher=Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 50 | year=1976 | isbn=90-277-0704-9}}
* {{Cite book | author=Fried, Yehuda and Joseph Agassi, | title=Psychiatry as Medicine | url=https://archive.org/details/psychiatryasmedi0000frie | publisher=The HAgue, Nijhoff| year=1983 | isbn=90-247-2837-1}}
* {{Cite book |author=[[Roy Porter|Porter, Roy]] |title=Madness: a brief history |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2002 |isbn=0-19-280266-6 }}
* Weller M.P.I. and Eysenck M. The Scientific Basis of Psychiatry, W.B. Saunders, London, Philadelphia, Toronto etc. 1992
* Wiencke, Markus (2006) ''Schizophrenie als Ergebnis von Wechselwirkungen: Georg Simmels Individualitätskonzept in der Klinischen Psychologie''. In David Kim (ed.), ''Georg Simmel in Translation: Interdisciplinary Border-Crossings in Culture and Modernity'' (pp.&amp;nbsp;123–155). Cambridge Scholars Press, Cambridge, ISBN 1-84718-060-4

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{commons category|Mental and behavioural diseases and disorders}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Mental_illness.ogg|2005-08-20}}
* [http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ NIMH.NIH.gov] – [[National Institute of Mental Health]]
* [http://www.cartercenter.com/health/mental_health/intl_women.html International Committee of Women Leaders on Mental Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030045640/http://www.cartercenter.com/health/mental_health/intl_women.html |date=2008-10-30 }}
* [http://dictionary-psychology.com Psychology Dictionary]
* [http://www.miwatch.org/ Mental Illness Watch]
* [http://metapsychology.mentalhelp.net/poc/center_index.php?id=392 ''Metapsychology Online Reviews'': Mental Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015115002/http://metapsychology.mentalhelp.net/poc/center_index.php?id=392 |date=2013-10-15 }}
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/mentalhealthanddisorders/index.html The New York Times: Mental Health &amp; Disorders]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/mental-health The Guardian: Mental Health]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-illness/ Mental Illness ([[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]])]
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Insane, Statistics of |short=x}}
{{Library resources box
|by=no
|onlinebooks=no
|others=no
|about=yes
|label=Mental illness}}</text>
      <sha1>hid0j6d9dhn7om2b6yw3jvza7wubm29</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karl Marx</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783441</id>
      <parentid>7782433</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="14499" sha1="62c91ihfb0xnjdoggwfqijm0ywb1don" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
|region = [[Western Philosophy]], [[German philosophy]]
|era = [[19th-century philosophy]]
|color = #B0C4DE
|image = Karl Marx_001.jpg
|caption = Marx in 1875
|birth_name = Karl Heinrich Marx
|birth_date = 5 May 1818
|birth_place = [[Trier]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1883|03|14|1818|05|05}}
|death_place = [[London]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|residence = Germany, United Kingdom 
|nationality = [[Germans|German]]
|religion = [[Protestantism]]; later, none ([[atheism|atheist]])
|school_tradition = [[Marxism]], [[Communism]], [[Socialism]], [[Materialism]]
|signature =Karl Marx Signature.svg
|main_interests = Politics, economics, [[philosophy]], [[sociology]], [[Labour relations|labour]], history, [[class struggle]],
|influences = [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Ludwig Feuerbach|Feuerbach]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon|Proudhon]], [[Max Stirner|Stirner]], [[Adam Smith|Smith]], [[Voltaire]], [[David Ricardo|Ricardo]], [[Giambattista Vico|Vico]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Claude Adrien Helvétius|Helvetius]], [[Baron d'Holbach|d'Holbach]],&lt;ref&gt;Mehring, Franz, ''Karl Marx: The Story of His Life'' (Routledge, 2003) pg. 75&lt;/ref&gt; [[Justus von Liebig|Liebig]],&lt;ref&gt;John Bellamy Foster. &quot;Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology&quot;, ''American Journal of Sociology'', Vol. 105, No. 2 (September 1999), pp. 366-405.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], [[Charles Fourier|Fourier]], [[Robert Owen]], [[Nicolae Bălcescu|Bălcescu]], [[Moses Hess|Hess]], [[Victor d'Hupay|Hupay]], [[François Guizot|Guizot]], [[Constantin Pecqueur|Pecqueur]],&lt;ref&gt;Allen Oakley, [http://books.google.gr/books?id=L949AAAAIAAJ&amp;dq ''Marx's Critique of Political Economy: 1844 to 1860''], Routledge, 1984, p. 51.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Aristotle]], [[Epicurus]]
|influenced = [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]], [[Mao Zedong|Mao]], [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]], [[Enver Hoxha|Hoxha]], [[Fidel Castro|Castro]], [[Che Guevara|Guevara]], [[Nicolae Ceaușescu|Ceaușescu]], [[Ho Chi Minh|Ho]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Rosa Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], [[György Lukács|Lukács]], [[Antonio Gramsci|Gramsci]], [[Karl Korsch|Korsch]], [[Peter Kropotkin|Kropotkin]], [[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin]], [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky]], [[Murray Bookchin|Bookchin]], [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt]], [[Herbert Marcuse|Marcuse]], [[Jean-François Lyotard|Lyotard]], [[Michel Foucault|Foucault]], [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]], [[Guy Debord|Debord]], [[Antonio Negri|Negri]], [[Michael Taussig|Taussig]], [[Manabendra Nath Roy|Roy]], [[Ernesto Laclau|Laclau]], [[Pierre Bourdieu|Bourdieu]], [[Joseph Schumpeter|Schumpeter]], [[Michel Aflaq|Aflaq]] and [[List of Marxists|many others]]
|notable_ideas = Co-founder of [[Marxism]] (with [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]]), [[surplus value]], contributions to the [[labor theory of value]], [[Marx's theory of alienation|alienation]] and exploitation of the worker, ''[[The Communist Manifesto]],'' ''[[Das Kapital]],'' [[historical materialism|materialist conception of history]] |}}

Hi '''Karl Heinrich Marx''' (5 Mayo 1818–14 Marso 1883) usa nga Aleman nga pilosopo, ekonomista politikal, historiano, teyorista politikal, sociolohista, komunista ngan nagtukod han komunismo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliograpiya===
;Akademiko ngan Popular nga barasahon
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |title= Classical Sociological Theory |last= {{aut|[[Craig Calhoun|Calhoun, Craig J.]]}} |year= 2002 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |location= Oxford |isbn=978-0-631-21347-5 |nopp=|ref=Cal02}}
* {{Cite book |title= The Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx |url= https://archive.org/details/revolutionaryide0000call_i2b6 |last= {{aut|[[Alex Callinicos|Callinicos, Alex]]}} |year= 2010 [1983] |publisher=Bookmarks |location= Bloomsbury, London |isbn=978-1-905192-68-7 |nopp=|ref=Cal10}}
* {{Cite book |title= How to Change the World: Tales of Marx and Marxism |url= https://archive.org/details/howtochangeworld0000hobs |last= {{aut|[[Eric Hobsbawm|Hobsbawm, Eric]]}} |year= 2011 |publisher=Little, Brown |location= London |isbn=978-1-4087-0287-1 |ref=Hob11}}
* {{Cite book |title= Karl Marx: A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of Marxism|last= {{aut|[[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin, Vladimir]]}} |year= 1967| origyear=1913|publisher=Foreign Languages Press |location= Peking |ref=Len67|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/index.htm}}
* {{Cite book |title= Marx |last= {{aut|[[Peter Singer|Singer, Peter]]}} |year= 1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-287510-5 |nopp=|ref=Sin80}}
* {{Cite book |title= Philosophy: 100 Essential Thinkers |url= https://archive.org/details/philosophy100ess0000stok_d9g0 |last= {{aut|Stokes, Philip}} |year= 2004 |publisher=Index Books |location= Kettering |isbn=978-0-572-02935-7 |nopp=|ref=Sto04}}
* {{Cite book |title= The Story of a Great Discovery: How Karl Marx wrote &quot;Capital&quot; |last= {{aut|Vygodsky, Vitaly}} |year= 1973 |publisher=Verlag Die Wirtschaft |location= |isbn= |nopp=|ref=Vyg73|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/vygodsky/1965/discovery.htm}}
* {{Cite book |title= Karl Marx |url= https://archive.org/details/karlmarx0000whee |last= {{aut|[[Francis Wheen|Wheen, Francis]]}} |year= 2001 |publisher=Fourth Estate |location= London |isbn=978-1-85702-637-5 |nopp=|ref=Whe00}}
{{refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [[Althusser, Louis]]. ''For Marx''. London: Verso, 2005.
* Althusser, Louis and [[Balibar, Étienne]]. ''Reading Capital''. London: Verso, 2009.
* [[Shlomo Avineri|Avineri, Shlomo]]. ''The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx'' (Cambridge University Press, 1968) ISBN 0-521-09619-7
* [[Kostas Axelos|Axelos, Kostas]]. ''Alienation, Praxis, and Techne in the Thought of Karl Marx'' (translated by Ronald Bruzina, University of Texas Press, 1976).
* [[Vincent Barnett|Barnett, Vincent]]. ''Marx'' (Routledge, 2009)
* [[Isaiah Berlin|Berlin, Isaiah]]. ''Karl Marx: His Life and Environment'' (Oxford University Press, 1963) ISBN 0-19-520052-7
* Blackledge, Paul. ''Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History'' (Manchester University Press, 2006)
* Bottomore, Tom, ed. ''A Dictionary of Marxist Thought''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
* [[Alex Callinicos|Callinicos, Alex]]. ''The Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx'' (Bookmarks, 1983)
* [[Harry Cleaver|Cleaver, Harry]]. ''Reading Capital Politically'' (AK Press, 2000)
* [[Gerald Cohen|G. A. Cohen]]. ''Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence'' (Princeton University Press, 1978) ISBN 0-691-07068-7
* Collier, Andrew. ''Marx'' (Oneworld, 2004)
* [[Hal Draper|Draper, Hal]], ''Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution'' (4 volumes) [[Monthly Review|Monthly Review Press]]
* Duncan, Ronald and [[Colin Wilson|Wilson, Colin]]. (editors) ''Marx Refuted'', (Bath, UK, 1987) ISBN 0-906798-71-X
* [[Ben Fine|Fine, Ben]]. ''Marx's Capital.'' 5th ed. London: Pluto, 2010.
* [[John Bellamy Foster|Foster, John Bellamy]]. ''Marx's Ecology: Materialism and Nature''. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2000.
* [[Stephen Jay Gould|Gould, Stephen Jay]]. ''[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_7_108/ai_55698600/pg_1 A Darwinian Gentleman at Marx's Funeral – E. Ray Lankester] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726155808/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_7_108/ai_55698600/pg_1 |date=2013-07-26 }}'', Page 1, [http://www.findarticles.com/ Find Articles.com] (1999)
* [[David Harvey (geographer)|Harvey, David]]. ''A Companion to Marx's Capital.'' London: Verso, 2010.
* Harvey, David. ''The Limits of Capital''. London: Verso, 2006.
* Iggers, Georg G. &quot;Historiography: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge.&quot;(Wesleyan University Press, 1997, 2005)
* [[Leszek Kołakowski|Kołakowski, Leszek]]. ''Main Currents of Marxism'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, OUP, 1978
* Little, Daniel. ''The Scientific Marx'', (University of Minnesota Press, 1986) ISBN 0-8166-1505-5
* [[Ernest Mandel|Mandel, Ernest]]. ''Marxist Economic Theory''. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970.
* Mandel, Ernest. ''The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx''. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1977.
* [[David McLellan (academic)|McLellan, David]]. ''Marx before Marxism'' (1980), Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-333-27882-6
* McLellan, David. ''Karl Marx: his Life and Thought'' Harper &amp; Row, 1973 ISBN 978-0-06-012829-6
* [[Franz Mehring|Mehring, Franz]]. ''Karl Marx: The Story of His Life'' (Routledge, 2003)
* Miller, Richard W. ''Analyzing Marx: Morality, Power, and History''. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1984.
* [[Boris Nicolaevsky|Nicolaevsky, Boris]] and [[Otto Maenchen-Helfen|Maenchen-Helfen, Otto]] (translator). ''Karl Marx: Man and Fighter'' (Penguin Books, 1976) ISBN 0-14-021594-8
* [[Postone, Moishe]]. ''Time, Labour, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory.'' Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
* [[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray]]. ''An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought Volume&amp;nbsp;II: Classical Economics'' (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 1995) ISBN 0-945466-48-X
* [[Maximilien Rubel|Rubel, Maximilien]]. ''Marx Without Myth: A Chronological Study of his Life and Work'' (Blackwell, 1975) ISBN 0-631-15780-8
* [[Alfredo Saad-Filho|Saad-Filho, Alfredo]]. ''The Value of Marx: Political Economy for Contemporary Capitalism''. London: Routledge, 2002.
* [[Alfred Schmidt (philosopher)|Schmidt, Alfred]]. ''The Concept of Nature in Marx''. London: NLB, 1971.
* Seigel, Jerrold. ''Marx's fate: the shape of a life'' (Princeton University Press, 1978) ISBN 0-271-00935-7
* [[Thomas T. Sekine|Sekinel, Thomas T.]] ''The Dialectic of Capital. A Study of the Inner Logic of Capitalism'', 2 volumes (preliminary edition), Tokyo 1986; ISBN 978-4-924750-44-9 (vol. 1), ISBN 4-924750-34-4 (vol. 2)
* [[Paul Strathern|Strathern, Paul]]. &quot;Marx in 90 Minutes&quot;, (Ivan R. Dee, 2001)
* Thomas, Paul. ''Karl Marx and the Anarchists''. London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, 1980.
* Walker, Frank Thomas. 'Karl Marx: a Bibliographic and Political Biography''. (bj.publications), 2009.
* Wendling, Amy. ''Karl Marx on Technology and Alienation'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)
* [[Francis Wheen|Wheen, Francis]]. ''[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm Karl Marx: A Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410103159/http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj85/morgan.htm |date=2013-04-10 }}'', (Fourth Estate, 1999), ISBN 1-85702-637-3
* Wheen, Francis. ''Marx's Das Kapital'', (Atlantic Books, 2006) ISBN 1-84354-400-8
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commonscat|Karl Marx}}

===Bibliograpiya ngan mga aada-ha-linya nga teksto===
* {{de-icon}} [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Marx,%20Karl Works by Karl Marx] at [[Zeno.org]]
* [http://libcom.org/tags/karl-marx Karl Marx] at Libcom.org
* {{SEP|marx}}
* {{In Our Time|Karl Marx|p003k9jg|Karl_Marx}}
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/ Marxists.org], homepage of the [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-6935}}
* [http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&amp;author=Karl+Marx&amp;action=Search Works by Karl Marx in audio format] from [[LibriVox]]
* {{gutenberg author|id=Karl_Marx|name=Karl Marx}}
===Mga artikulo===
* [http://www.counterpunch.org/roberts10072009.html Dead Labour: Marx and Lenin Reconsidered] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805112206/http://www.counterpunch.org/roberts10072009.html |date=2011-08-05 }} by [[Paul Craig Roberts]]
* [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/may2006/rock-m02.shtml Hegel, Marx, Engels, and the Origins of Marxism], by David North
* [http://chronicle.com/article/In-Praise-of-Marx/127027 ''In Praise of Marx''] [[Terry Eagleton]] synopsising his ''Why Marx was right'' chronicle.com 10 April 2011.
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article4981065.ece Karl Marx: Did he get it all Right?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812091017/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article4981065.ece |date=2011-08-12 }} by Philip Collins, ''[[The Times]]'', 21 October 2008
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/19xx/marx/ ''Karl Marx'', Ernest Mandel ]
* [http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx-iroquois-franklin-rosemont ''Karl Marx and the Iroquois''] by [[Franklin Rosemont]]
* [http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj11n3/cj11n3-6.pdf Liberalism, Marxism and The State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214101824/http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj11n3/cj11n3-6.pdf |date=2012-02-14 }}, by Ralph Raico
* [http://www.emis.ams.org/journals/DMJDMV/xvol-icm/19/Dauben.MAN.html Marx, Mao and mathematics: the politics of infinitesimals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130183822/http://www.emis.ams.org/journals/DMJDMV/xvol-icm/19/Dauben.MAN.html |date=2019-01-30 }}, by Joseph Dauben
* [http://www.socialistalternative.com/publications/s21/ch3.html Marx Was Right]
* [http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=486&amp;issue=120 Marxism and Ethics] from ''[[International Socialism (journal)|International Socialism]]'' Paul Blackledge (2008)
* [http://marxmyths.org/ Marxmyths.org Various essays on misinterpretations of Marx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427181835/http://marxmyths.org/ |date=2014-04-27 }}
* [http://www.iisg.nl/collections/marx/ Portraits of Karl Marx] ([[International Institute of Social History]])
* [http://www.runmuki.com/paul/writing/marx.html Paul Dorn, The Paris Commune and Marx' Theory of Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231202/http://www.runmuki.com/paul/writing/marx.html |date=2016-03-03 }}
* [https://archive.is/20121128224416/www.greenleft.org.au/1999/346/19592 The Top Seven Reasons why Marx was Right] by ''[[Green Left Weekly]]''
* [http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0717-28.htm Why Marx is the Man of the Moment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205075254/http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0717-28.htm |date=2008-12-05 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marx, Karl}}
[[Kaarangay:Karl Marx| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1818]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1883]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Marx, Karl]]
[[Kaarangay:Politika|Marx, Karl]]
[[Kaarangay:Siyensyas Sosyales|Marx, Karl]]
[[Kaarangay:Alemanya|Marx, Karl]]</text>
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Hi '''Aelius Galenus''' o '''Claudius Galenus''' nga kilalado nga '''Galeno han Pergamum''' o '''Galen han Pergamum''' (AD 129 – 200/217) (ha ([[Griyego]]: Γαληνός, ''Galēnos'') usa ka prominente nga doktor Romano ngan Pilosopo nga tikang ha [[Gresya]]. Usa hiya nga importante nga manhahalikwat hin medisina o ''medical researcher'' ha panahon han [[Imperyo Romano]]. an iya mga teorya dako an impluwensya han katundan nga siyensya medisino ha sobra usa kayukot katuig.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
* Algra K (ed.) The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-25028-5, ISBN 978-0-521-25028-3
* [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2175042 Boudon-Millot V (ed. and trans.) Galien: Introduction générale; Sur l'ordre de ses propres livres; Sur ses propres livres; Que l'excellent médecin est aussi philosophe] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130801120306/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2175042 |date=2013-08-01 }} Paris: Les Belles Lettres. 2007, ISBN 978-2-251-00536-2
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/g/galen.htm Boylen M. Galen. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=al9FH5tynlAC Debru A. Galen on Pharmacology: Philosophy, History, and Medicine : Proceedings of the Vth International Galen Colloquium, Lille, 16–18 March 1995 BRILL 1997] ISBN 90-04-10403-8, ISBN 978-90-04-10403-7
* [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&amp;pubmedid=12937057 Dunn PM. Galen (AD 129–200) of Pergamun: anatomist and experimental physiologist. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003 Sep;88(5):F441-3.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130801115651/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&amp;pubmedid=12937057 |date=2013-08-01 }}
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=X8eyqsqFgQ8C Everson S. (ed.) Language. Cambridge University Press, 1994] ISBN 0-521-35795-0, ISBN 978-0-521-35795-1
*[http://books.google.ca/books?id=Hf1htsj-usAC French RK. Medicine Before Science: The Rational and Learned Doctor from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 2003.] ISBN 0-521-00761-5, ISBN 978-0-521-00761-0
* [http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/gleason/010702.pdf Gleason MW. Shock and Awe: The Performance Dimension of Galen’s Anatomy Demonstrations. Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics January 2007]
* Gleason MW. Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome. Princeton 1995
* [http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521819541 Hankinson RJ (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Galen. CUP 2008] ISBN 978-0-521-81954-1
* Hankinson R.J. Cause and explanation in ancient Greek thought. Oxford University Press, 1998 ISBN 0-19-924656-4, ISBN 978-0-19-924656-4
* Ilberg J. Aus Galens Praxis. Neue Jahrbücher für das Klassische Altertum, Geschichte und Deutsche Literatur 15: 276–312, 1905
* [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] (ed.). Jawami Kitab Al-Nabd Al-Saghir by Galen (2007), [http://www.ibnsinaacademy.org Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine &amp; Sciences], Aligarh, India; ISBN 978-81-901362-7-3
* [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] (ed.). Kitab fi Firaq al Tibb by Galen (2008), [http://www.ibnsinaacademy.org Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine &amp; Sciences], Aligarh, India; ISBN 978-81-906070-1-8
* [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] (ed.). Kitab al Anasir by Galen (2008), [http://www.ibnsinaacademy.org Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine &amp; Sciences], Aligarh, India; ISBN 978-81-906070-2-5
* [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] (ed.). Kitab al Mizaj of Galen (2008), [http://www.ibnsinaacademy.org Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine &amp; Sciences], Aligarh, India; ISBN 978-81-906070-3-2
* Kotrc RF, Walters KR. A bibliography of the Galenic Corpus. A newly researched list and arrangement of the titles of the treatises extant in Greek, Latin, and Arabic. Trans Stud Coll Physicians Phila. 1979 December;1(4):256–304
* [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/bulletin_of_the_history_of_medicine/v073/73.1mattern.html Mattern SP. Physicians and the Roman Imperial Aristocracy: The Patronage of Therapeutics. Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Volume 73, Number 1, Spring 1999, pp. 1–18]
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=NrEeAAAAIAAJ Metzger BM. New Testament Studies: Philological, Versional, and Patristic. BRILL 1980] ISBN 90-04-06163-0, ISBN 978-90-04-06163-7
* [http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/medical_sects/title.htm Muhaqqiq M. Medical Sects in Islam. al-Tawhid Islamic Journal, vol. VIII, No.2]
* Nutton V. Roman Medicine, 250 BC to AD 200, and Medicine in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, in Lawrence C.(ed.) The Western Medical Tradition: 800–1800 A.D. 1995
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=oShfkIhduowC Nutton V. Ancient Medicine. Routledge, 2004] ISBN 0-415-08611-6, ISBN 978-0-415-08611-0
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=lzO3zQ3dK0cC Osler W. The Evolution of Modern Medicine 1913. Plain Label Books 1987. Chapter II: Greek Medicine]
* Peterson DW. Observations on the chronology of the Galenic Corpus. Bull Hist Med 51(3): 484, 1977
* Siegel RE. Galen's System of Physiology and Medicine, Basel 1968 (this text is not regarded highly by most Galen scholars)
* Siegel RE. Galen on Sense Perception, His Doctrines, Observations and Experiments on Vision, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch and Pain, and Their Historical Sources. Karger, Basel 1970 (this text is not regarded highly by most Galen scholars)
* Siegel RE. Galen on Psychology, Psychopathology, and Function and Diseases of the Nervous System 1973 (this text is not regarded highly by most Galen scholars)
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=wJ4YAAAAIAAJ Smith WG. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. J Walton 1849]
* Stakelum JW, Galen and the Logic of Proposition, Rome, Angelicum, 1940
* Taylor HO. Greek Biology And Medicine. Marshall Jones 1922. Chapter 5: The Final System - Galen
* [[Oswei Temkin|Temkin O.]] Galenism: Rise and Decline of a Medical Philosophy. Cornell University Press, Ithaca 1973
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=mhNUGgG2eacC The Cambridge Ancient History: Second Edition. XI The High Empire A.D. 70–192 Cambridge University Press, 2000] ISBN 0-521-26335-2, ISBN 978-0-521-26335-1
* [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/ Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: TLG]
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=Aesg-6eBWCYC van der Eijk P. Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease. Cambridge University Press, 2005] ISBN 0-521-81800-1, ISBN 978-0-521-81800-1
* [http://books.google.ca/books?id=jGk8AAAAIAAJ Watson PB. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Harper &amp; brothers, 1884]

==Padugang nga barasahon==
*{{cite book|last=Brock|first=Arthur John|title=Greek Medicine, Being Extracts Illustrative of Medical Writers from Hippocrates to Galen|year=1929|publisher=Dent|location=London}}
*{{cite book|last=Galen|title=On the therapeutic method|year=1991|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-824494-0|others= R.J. Hankinson, trans}}
*{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=N W.|title=Renaissance Concepts of Method|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissanceconce0000gilb_q2k7|year=1960|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York}}
* C. Gill, T. Whitmarsh, and J. Wilkins (eds), ''Galen and the World of Knowledge'' (New York and Cambridge, 2009) (Greek Cultures in the Roman World).
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Kudlien|editor1-first=Fridolf|editor2-last=Durling|editor2-first=Richard J.|title=Galen's method of healing : proceedings of the 1982 Galen Symposium|url=https://archive.org/details/galensmethodofhe0001gale|year=1991|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=90-04-09272-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Lloyd|first=G.E.R.|title=Methods and problems in Greek science|url=https://archive.org/details/methodsproblemsi0000lloy|year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-37419-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Sarton|first=George|title=Galen of Pergamon|url=https://archive.org/details/galenofpergamon0000sart|year=1954|publisher=University of Kansas Press|location=Lawrence, KS}}
*{{cite book|last=Walzer|first=Richard|title=Galen on Jews and Christians|url=https://archive.org/details/galenonjewschris0000rich|year=1949|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{wikisource author|Claudius Galenus}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://classicsindex.wikispaces.com/Galen Classicsindex: Galen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224233754/http://classicsindex.wikispaces.com/Galen |date=2008-12-24 }}
* [http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/editionencmg_05.html ''Corpus Medicorum Graecorum'' editions online]
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/galen/ Galen] entry in the [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
* [http://galen.bbaw.de/online-publications/hippokrates-und-galenbibliographie-fichtner Gerhard Fichtner, Galen bibliography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712011351/http://galen.bbaw.de/online-publications/hippokrates-und-galenbibliographie-fichtner |date=2012-07-12 }}
* [http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/library/historical/artifacts/antiqua/galen.cfm University of Virginia: Health Sciences Library. Galen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210172030/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/library/historical/artifacts/antiqua/galen.cfm |date=2007-12-10 }}
* [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/a-b/ancientsurgery7.html Channel 4 - History - Ancient surgery&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]
* [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2097.htm Lienhard JH. Engines of our Ingenuity, Number 2097 - Constantine the African]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-223895/Galen-of-Pergamum Nutton V. Galen of Pergamum, Encyclopædia Britannica]
* [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgajpd/medicina%20antiqua/bio_gal.html Pearcy L. Galen: A biographical sketch. Medicina Antiqua]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070406023427/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/medicine/0109.html Taylor HO. Greek Biology and Medicine 1922: Chapter 5 - &quot;The Final System: Galen&quot;]
* [http://robl.de/galen/galen.htm Galenus von Pergamon - Leben und Werk. ''Includes alphabetical list of Latin Titles'']
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/galien_vf.htm Galien's works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222338/http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/galien_vf.htm |date=2015-09-23 }} digitized by the [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/debut.htm BIUM (Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine et d'odontologie, Paris)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101181049/http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/debut.htm |date=2011-11-01 }}, see its digital library [http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica.htm Medic@] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007025741/http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica.htm |date=2014-10-07 }}.
* [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id337794197 Galeni opera varia - Mscr.Dresd.Db.93] Digital Version of the Manuscript at the Saxon State and University Library, Dresden (SLUB)
* [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgajpd/medicina%20antiqua/mm_hypertexts.html Hypertexts - Medicina Antiqua, University College London] ''(Commentary on Hippocrates' On the Nature of Man; On the Natural Faculties; Exhortation to Study the Arts: To Menodotus; On Diagnosis from Dreams)''
* [http://www.michaelservetusresearch.com/ENGLISH/works.html Michael Servetus Research] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221134108/http://www.michaelservetusresearch.com/ENGLISH/works.html |date=2017-02-21 }} Website with a study on the ''Opera Omnia of Galen'' by the galenist Michael de Villanueva, and also the first description of the [[pulmonary circulation]] in his Manuscript of Paris in 1546.
* ''Claudii Galeni opera omnia'' in ''Medicorum graecorum opera quae exstant, editionem curavit D. Carolus Gottlob Kühn, Lipsiae prostat in officina libraria Car. Cnoblochii'', 1821-1833 in [http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?intro=galien_vf&amp;statut=charge&amp;fille=o&amp;cotemere=45674 20 volumines].
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03c4dys ''Discussion of Galens on BBC Radio 4's programme &quot;In Our Time&quot;.]
* [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-18076 Digital edition: Galeni septima Classis (1550)] by the [[University and State Library Düsseldorf]]


[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 129]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 200]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]
[[Kaarangay:Medisina]]</text>
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    <title>An Susumaton han Genji</title>
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'''An Susumaton han Genji''' amo an buhat klasikal nga literatura Hapones ni [[Murasaki Shikibu]] ha katimpranuhan han napulo kag-usa knga siglo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Bibliograpiya==

*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2719274
  | last = Bargen
  | first = Doris G
  | title = Spirit Possession in the Context of Dramatic Expressions of Gender Conflict: The Aoi Episode of the ''Genji monogatari''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1988-06_48_1/page/95
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 48
  | pages = 95–130
  |date= Hunyo 1988
| issue=1
  | jstor = 2719274}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2719245
  | last = Bargen
  | first = Doris G
  | title = The Search for Things Past in the ''Genji monogatari''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1991-06_51_1/page/199
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 51
  | pages = 199–232
  |date= Hunyo 1991
| issue=1
  | jstor = 2719245}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Bargen
  | first = Doris G
  | title = A Woman's Weapon : Spirit possession in the Tale of Genji
  | url = https://archive.org/details/womansweaponspir0000barg
  | publisher = University of Hawaiʻi Press
  | date = 1997
  | location = Honolulu, Hi }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Bowring
  | first = Richard John
  | title = Murasaki shikibu, The Tale of Genji
  | url = https://archive.org/details/murasakishikibut0000bowr_j4b3
  | publisher = Cambridge University Press
  | date = 1988
  | location = Cambridge ; New York }}
*{{Cite book|last= Bryan|first= J. Ingram |title= The Literature of Japan| date = 1930 |publisher= Henry Holt and Company |place= New York}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2658495
  | last = Childs
  | first = Margaret H
  | title = The value of vulnerability: Sexual coercion and the nature of love in japanese court of literature
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-asian-studies_1999-11_58_4/page/1059
  | journal = Journal of Asian Studies
  | volume = 58
  | pages = 1059–1080
  | date = 1999
| issue=4
  | jstor = 2658495}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/489291
  | last = Chisholm
  | first = Julianne Kaui
  | title = The Steel-belted Radial of Karma: The End of Genji
  | journal = The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese
  | volume = 28
  | pages = 183–93
  |date= Nobyembre 1994
| issue=2
  | jstor = 489291}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = D'Etcheverry
  | first = Charo B
  | title = Love after The Tale of Genji : Rewriting the World of the Shining Prince
  | url = https://archive.org/details/loveaftertaleofg0000detc
  | publisher = Harvard University Press
  | date = 2007
  | location = Cambridge, Mass }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Field
  | first = Norma
  | title = The Splendor of Longing in the Tale of Genji
  | url = https://archive.org/details/splendoroflongin0000fiel
  | publisher = Princeton University Press
  | date = 1987
  | location = Princeton, N.J }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2384742
  | last = Friday
  | first = Karl
  | title = Teeth and Claws. Provincial Warriors and the Heian Court
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_monumenta-nipponica_summer-1988_43_2/page/153
  | journal = Monumenta Nipponica
  | volume = 43
  | pages = 153–85
  | date = Summer 1988
| issue=2
  | jstor = 2384742}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2384070
  | last = Gatten
  | first = Aileen
  | title = A Wisp of Smoke. Scent and Character in the ''Tale of Genji''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_monumenta-nipponica_spring-1977_32_1/page/35
  | journal = Monumenta Nipponica
  | volume = 32
  | pages = 35–48
  | date = Spring 1977
| issue=1
  | jstor = 2384070}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2718998
  | last = Gatten
  | first = Aileen
  | title = The Order of the Early Chapters in the ''Genji monogatari''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1981-06_41_1/page/5
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 41
  | pages = 5–46
  |date= Hunyo 1981
| issue=1
  | jstor = 2718998}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Gatten
  | first = Aileen
  | title = Weird Ladies: Narrative Strategy in the ''Genji monogatari''
  | journal = The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese
  | volume = 21
  | pages = 29–48
  |date= Abril 1986
| issue=1}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Goff
  | first = Janet Emily
  | title = Noh Drama and the Tale of Genji : The Art of Allusion in Fifteen Classical Plays
  | url = https://archive.org/details/nohdramataleofge0000goff
  | publisher = Princeton University Press
  | date = 1991
  | location = Princeton, N.J }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.1353/cls.0.0010
  | last = Henitiuk
  | first = Valerie
  | title = Going to Bed with Waley: How Murasaki Shikibu Does and Does Not Become World Literature
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_comparative-literature-studies_2008_45_1/page/40
  | journal = Comparative Literature Studies
  | volume = 45
  | pages = 40–61
  | date = 2008
| issue=1
  | authorlink = Valerie Henitiuk}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.00029.x
  | last = Hirota
  | first = Akiko
  | title = ''The Tale of Genji'': From Heian Classic to Heisei Comic
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-popular-culture_fall-1997_31_2/page/29
  | journal = Journal of Popular Culture
  | volume = 31
  | pages = 29–68
  | date = Fall 1997
| issue=2}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Kamens
  | first = Edward B
  | title = Approaches to Teaching Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji
  | publisher = Modern Language Association of America
  | date = 1993
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite book|last= Kato|first= Shuichi |title= A History of Japanese Literature: The First Thousand Years | date = 1979 |publisher= Kodansha International, Ltd| place= New York| isbn= 0-87011-491-3 |others= David Chibbett }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Knapp
  | first = Bettina L
  | title = Lady Murasaki Shikibu's the ''Tale of Genji'': Search for the Mother
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_symposium_spring-1992_46_1/page/34
  | journal = Symposium
  | volume = 46
  | pages = 34–48
  | date = Spring 1992
| issue=1
  | doi=10.1080/00397709.1992.10733759}}
*Kornicki, P. F., &quot;Unsuitable Books for Women? &quot;Genji Monogatari&quot; and &quot;Ise Monogatari&quot; in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan&quot;, ''Monumenta Nipponica'', Vol. 60, No. 2 (Summer, 2005), pp.&amp;nbsp;147–193, Sophia University, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25066367 JSTOR]

*{{Cite book|title= Introduction to Classic Japanese Literature| editor= Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai| date = 1970 |publisher= Greenwood Printing|isbn= 0-8371-3118-9}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = McCormick
  | first = Melissa
  | title = Genji Goes West: The 1510 &quot;Genji Album&quot; and the Visualization of Court and Capital
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_2003-03_85_1/page/54
  | journal = The Art Bulletin
  | volume = 85
  | pages = 54–85
  | date = 2003
  | doi = 10.2307/3177327
  | jstor = 3177327 }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = McCullough
  | first = William H
  | title = Japanese Marriage Institutions in the Heian Period
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1967_27/page/103
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 27
  | pages = 103–167
  | date = 1967
  | doi = 10.2307/2718385
  | jstor = 2718385 }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Morris
  | first = Ivan I
  | title = The World of the Shining Prince: Court Life in Ancient Japan
  | publisher = Kodansha International
  | date = 1964
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Morris
  | first = Ivan I
  | title = The Tale of Genji Scroll [Genji monogatari emaki]
  | publisher = Kodansha International
  | date = 1971
  | location = Tokyo }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2385102
  | last = Mostow
  | first = Joshua S
  | title = Painted Poems, Forgotten Words. Poem-Pictures and Classical Japanese Literature
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_monumenta-nipponica_autumn-1992_47_3/page/323
  | journal = Monumenta Nipponica
  | volume = 47
  | pages = 323–346
  | date = Autumn 1992
| issue=3
  | jstor = 2385102}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/489628
  | last = Mostow
  | first = Joshua S
  | title = &quot;Picturing&quot; in ''The Tale of Genji''
  | journal = The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese
  | volume = 33
  | pages = 1–25
  |date= Abril 1999
| issue=1
  | jstor = 489628}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Murase
  | first = Miyeko
  | title = Iconography of the ''Tale of Genji'' : ''Genji monogatari ekotoba''
  | publisher = Weatherhill
  | date = 1983
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Murase
  | first = Miyeko
  | title = The Tale of Genji : Legends and Paintings
  | publisher = G. Braziller
  | date = 2001
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2385292
  | last = Nickerson
  | first = Peter
  | title = The Meaning of Matrilocality. Kinship, Property, and Politics in Mid-Heian
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_monumenta-nipponica_winter-1993_48_4/page/429
  | journal = Monumenta Nipponica
  | volume = 48
  | pages = 429–67
  | date = Winter 1993
| issue=4
  | jstor = 2385292}}
* {{NKBD}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Okada
  | first = H. Richard
  | title = Figures of Resistance : Language, Poetry, and Narrating in the Tale of Genji and Other Mid-Heian Texts
  | url = https://archive.org/details/figuresofresista0000okad
  | publisher = Duke University Press
  | date = 1991
  | location = Durham }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Pekarik
  | first = Andrew
  | title = Ukifune : Love in the tale of genji
  | publisher = Columbia University Press
  | date = 1982
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Puette
  | first = William J
  | title = Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu
  | url = https://archive.org/details/guidetotaleofgen00puet
  | publisher = C.E. Tuttle
  | date = 1983
  | location = Rutland, Vt }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Rowley
  | first = Gillian Gaye
  | title = Yosano Akiko and the Tale of Genji
  | url = https://archive.org/details/yosanoakikotaleo0000rowl
  | publisher = Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan
  | date = 2000
  | location = . Ann Arbor, MI }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Seidensticker
  | first = Edward G.
  | authorlink = Edward Seidensticker
  | title = The Tale of Genji
  | volume = 1
  | date = 1976
  | publisher = Turtle Publishing
  | isbn = 978-4-8053-0919-3 }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Seidensticker
  | first = Edward G.
  | authorlink = Edward Seidensticker
  | title = The Tale of Genji
  | volume = 2
  | date = 1976
  | publisher = Turtle Publishing
  | isbn = 978-4-8053-0920-9 }}
*Sestili Daniele (1996). ''Musica e danza del principe Genji. Le arti dello spettacolo nell’antico Giappone''. Lucca: LIM,
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2718974
  | last = Shirane
  | first = Haruo
  | title = The Aesthetics of Power: Politics in the ''Tale of Genji''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1985-12_45_2/page/615
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 45
  | pages = 615–47
  |date= Disyembre 1985
| issue=2
  | jstor = 2718974}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Shirane
  | first = Haruo
  | title = The Bridge of Dreams : A Poetics of the Tale of Genji
  | url = https://archive.org/details/bridgeofdreamspo0000haru
  | publisher = Stanford University Press
  | date = 1987
  | location = Stanford, Calif. }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Shirane
  | first = Haruo
  | title = Envisioning the Tale of Genji: Media, Gender, and Cultural Production
  | publisher = Columbia University Press
  | date = 2008
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Stevenson and Ho
  | first = Barbara and Cynthia O
  | title = Crossing the Bridge : Comparative Essays on Medieval European and Heian Japanese Women Writers
  | url = https://archive.org/details/crossingbridgeco00barb
  | publisher = Palgrave
  | date = New York
  | location = 2000 }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2668318
  | last = Tyler
  | first = Royall
  | title = &quot;I Am I&quot;: Genji and Murasaki
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_monumenta-nipponica_winter-1999_54_4/page/435
  | journal = Monumenta Nipponica
  | volume = 54
  | pages = 435–480
  | date = 1999
| issue=4
  | jstor = 2668318}}
*{{Cite book
  | last = Tyler
  | first = Royall
  | title = The Tale of Genji
  | publisher = Viking
  | date = 2001
  | location = New York }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Tyler
  | first = Royall
  | title = Marriage, Rank and Rape in ''The Tale of Genji''
  | journal = Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context
  | volume = 7
  | url = http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue7/tyler.html
  |date= Marso 2002}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Tyler
  | first = Royall and Susan
  | title = The Possession of Ukifune
  | journal = Asiatica Venetiana
  | volume = 5
  | pages = 177–209
  | date = 2002 }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Tyler
  | first = Royall
  | title = Rivalry, Triumph, Folly, Revenge: A Plot Line through the ''Tale of Genji''
  | journal = Journal of Japanese Studies
  | volume = 29
  | pages = 251–87
  | date = 2003
| issue=2}}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/488941
  | last = Ury
  | first = Marian
  | title = A Heian Note on the Supernatural
  | journal = The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese
  | volume = 22
  | pages = 189–94
  | date = 1988
| issue=2
  | jstor = 488941}}
* {{Cite book
  | last = Lawrence
  | first = Hollendaisde
  | title = Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 14: Genji Monogatari 1
  | publisher = [[Iwanami Shoten Publishing|Iwanami Shoten]]
  | date = 1958
  | location = [[Tokyo|Tōkyō]]
  | language = Japanese
  | isbn = 4-00-060014-1 }}
*{{Cite journal
  | doi = 10.2307/2652721
  | last = Yoda
  | first = Tomiko
  | title = Fractured Dialogues: ''Mono no aware'' and Poetic Communication in the ''Tale of Genji''
  | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-journal-of-asiatic-studies_1999-12_59_2/page/523
  | journal = Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
  | volume = 59
  | pages = 523–57
  |date= Disyembre 1999
| issue=2
  | jstor = 2652721}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/headers/2245.xml ''The Tale of Genji -- Oxford Text Archive''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306033600/http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/headers/2245.xml |date= 6 Marso 2017 }} A complete English translation of the work, free for non-commercial use, Edward G. Seidensticker's translation.
* [http://lcweb4.loc.gov/service/asian/asian0001/2005/2005html/20050415toc.html ''The Tale of Genji, 1654''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206005537/http://lcweb4.loc.gov/service/asian/asian0001/2005/2005html/20050415toc.html |date= 6 Pebrero 2010 }} [[Library of Congress]], Asian Division. The edition in the Library of Congress is a complete and well-preserved set including the complete main text (54 volumes) of Tale of Genji, also Meyasu (3 volumes, commentary on key words and phrases in the text, Keizu (genealogy), Yamaji no tsuyu (a sequel to the work by a later author), and Hikiuta (index).&lt;!-- Good EL -- provides a unique resource that we can't duplicate in this WP article, and is relevant specifically to this topic --&gt;
&lt;!-- Temporarily remove link to spam
* [http://www.globusz.com/ebooks/Genji/00000010.htm ''The Tale of Genji'' 1976 Seidensticker translation] Online text of complete 1976 Seidensticker translation without the notes and with numerous typos.  (The illustrations included in the Knopf edition of this translation are reproduced at the UNESCO heritage site below.)
--&gt;
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/19264 ''Japanese Literature - Including Selections from Genji Monogatari and Classical Poetry and Drama of Japan''] Contains the 1882 Suematsu translation of the first 17 chapters of ''The Tale of Genji'', with an introduction and notes.
* [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/genji/index.html The Texts of ''Genji Monogatari''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925185256/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/genji/index.html |date=2012-09-25 }} Original text, romanized version, and modern Japanese translation of ''The Tale of Genji'' at the University of Virginia Library.
* [http://webworld.unesco.org/genji/en/index.shtml ''Tale of the Genji'' woodcuts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216011506/http://webworld.unesco.org/genji/en/index.shtml |date= 16 Pebrero 2016 }} Woodcut illustrations and accompanying excerpts at the UNESCO Global Heritage Pavilion.
* [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/asian377/studentspring99/asian377e/genji/ The Picture Scroll of ''The Tale of Genji''] Some scans of the ''Genji Monogatari Emaki'' (''Tale of Genji Scroll''). Only about half of the images are from the twelfth-century scroll; they are the darker colored, more faded images.
* [http://www.taleofgenji.org/ ''The Tale of Genji''] A photographic guide to ''The Tale of Genji''.
* [http://jclab.wordpress.com/2007/05/11/the-tale-of-genji-audiobooks/ ''The Tale of Genji Audiobooks''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103000314/https://jclab.wordpress.com/2007/05/11/the-tale-of-genji-audiobooks/ |date= 3 Enero 2016 }} Japanese reading of 7 of 54 chapters from the original text, mp3 files.
* [http://www.coinnews.net/2008/06/25/japan-finance-minister-announces-kyoto-and-shimane-commemorative-coin-designs-4211/ Japan Finance Minister Announces Kyoto Coin Design with ''The Tale of Genji'' Theme] The Kyoto Prefecture commemorative coin set for release in October 2008 features a scene from ''The Tale of Genji''.
*[http://www.isekatagami.com/en.genjil.html/ Carving of Picture Scroll of ''Genji monogatari''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112136/http://isekatagami.com/en.genjil.html |date= 6 Marso 2016 }} Paper carvings by Noda Kazuko reproducing the 18 extant illustrations of the 13th-century ''Genji monogatari emaki''.
*[http://www.ohmigallery.com/ Ohmi Gallery] A nice collection of Ukiyo-e and Shin-hanga, including illustrations of ''The Tale of Genji'' by such artists as Ebina Masao and Utagawa Kunisada.
*[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~arth17/Genji.index.html ''Tale of Genji Scroll'' 18th century anonymous artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019221618/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~arth17/Genji.index.html |date= 19 Oktubre 2017 }} Available at Darmouth College, it covers the first 16 chapters of the tale.
*[http://www.miyatamasayuki-kiri-e.jp/miyatamasayuki_homepage/kiri_e_world_folder/newsite/ ''The Tale of Genji'' by Miyata Masayuki]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} Paper cuts by renowned artist Miyata Masayuki.
*[[World Digital Library]] presentation of [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.wdl/wdl.2930 源氏物語 ''Genji monogatari: Volume One, Kiritsubo''.] [[Library of Congress]].  Primary source moveable type book. 1596-1615, first printed edition of the world's first great novel.

[[Kaarangay:An Susumaton han Genji]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Friedrich Nietzsche</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="29147" sha1="t8tubqr8jjedl4jrn854wb1s3t1ha2m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
| region           = [[Western philosophy]]
| era              = [[19th century philosophy]]
| image            = Nietzsche187a.jpg
| image_size       = 220px
| caption          = Nietzsche in [[Basel]], ca. 1875
|birth_name             = Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Röcken]] bei [[Lützen]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1900|08|25|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Weimar]], [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxony]], [[German Empire]]
| residence        = Germany 
| nationality      = [[Germans|German]] 
| school_tradition = [[Weimar classicism]]; precursor to [[continental philosophy]], [[existentialism]], [[postmodernism]], [[post-structuralism]]
|main_interests = [[aesthetics]], [[nihilism]], [[expressionism]], [[ethics]], [[metaphysics]],  [[fact–value distinction]], [[tragedy]], [[Goodness and value theory|value-theory]], [[ontology]], [[philosophy of history]], [[psychology]], [[poetry]], [[anti-foundationalism]]
| main_interests   =
| notable_ideas    = [[Apollonian and Dionysian]], [[God is dead]], [[eternal recurrence]], ''[[Übermensch]]'', [[Master-Slave Morality|master-slave morality]], [[will to power]], [[ressentiment]], [[transvaluation of values]], [[perspectivism]],  ''[[Last Man]]'', ''[[amor fati]]'', ''[[Nietzschean affirmation]]'', [[Herd behavior#Herd behavior in human societies|herd instinct]], [[tschandala]]
| institutions     =
| influences       = [[Aristotle]]{{·}}[[Paul Bourget|Bourget]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Fewster|first=J. C.|title=Au Service de l'ordre: Paul Bourget and the Critical Response to Decadence in Austria and Germany|journal=Comparative Literature Studies| date = 1992|volume=29|issue=3|pages=259-275|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40246837}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Jacob Burckhardt|Burckhardt]]{{·}}[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]]{{·}}[[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]]{{·}}[[Empedocles]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=yjaEkWbwBm0C&amp;pg=PA239&amp;lpg=PA239&amp;dq=Empedocles+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=KpZ-VE0fqc&amp;sig=8_7m586Y439h0sFG3_e8enqGRKc&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=5JtAT93QBMyKswaSk_3pBA&amp;ved=0CDAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=Empedocles%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title=The pre-Platonic philosophers}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Epicurus]]{{·}}[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]{{·}}[[Jean-Marie Guyau|Guyau]]{{·}}[[G. W. F. Hegel|Hegel]]{{·}}[[Heinrich Heine|Heine]]{{·}}[[Heraclitus]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]]{{·}}[[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Albert Lange|Lange]]{{·}}[[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]]{{·}}[[François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)|La Rochefoucauld]]{{·}}[[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg|Lichtenberg]]{{·}}[[Montaigne]]{{·}}[[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]{{·}}[[Plato]]{{·}}[[Paul Rée|Rée]]{{·}}[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]]{{·}}[[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]]{{·}}[[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]{{·}}[[Socrates]]{{·}}[[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]{{·}}[[African Spir|Spir]]{{·}}[[Stendhal]]{{·}}[[Adalbert Stifter|Stifter]]&lt;ref&gt;Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard, &quot;Nietzsche's Aesthetic Solution to the Problem of Epigonism in the Nineteenth Century&quot;, ed. Paul Bishop, ''Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition'', Woodbridge, UK: Boydell &amp; Brewer, 2004. p. 323&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Hippolyte Taine|Taine]]{{·}}[[Voltaire]]{{·}}[[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]{{·}}[[Johann Joachim Winckelmann|Winckelmann]]
| influenced       = [[Theodor W. Adorno|Adorno]]{{·}}[[Antonin Artaud|Artaud]]{{·}}[[Émile Armand|Armand]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| work = The Anarchist Library | url= http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Emile_Armand__The_Anarchism_of_Emile_Armand.html|title= The Anarchism of Émile Armand}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Allan Bloom|A. Bloom]]{{·}}[[Alfred Adler|Adler]]{{·}}[[Maurice Barrès|Barrès]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche| date = 1996|publisher= Cambridge University Pres|page =129}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{·}}[[Roland Barthes|Barthes]]{{·}}[[Georges Bataille|Bataille]]{{·}}[[Andrei Bely|Bely]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=f5cUEHHchNAC&amp;pg=PA117&amp;lpg=PA117&amp;dq=Andrei+Bely+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=klT-LE9fnC&amp;sig=2eb1XhSu_CLc34jZDzmTBPuMiQY&amp;hl=hr&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=9oFUT-iML4PdsgbK7vzjCw&amp;ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Andrei%20Bely%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= Nietzsche and Soviet Culture: Ally and Adversary}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Pío Baroja|Baroja]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=JBetkzwW_1wC&amp;pg=PA21&amp;dq=Pio+Baroja+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=IdnnT7ixA9Dfsgbw18DTAQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Pio%20Baroja%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= Pio Baroja}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Jean Baudrillard|Baudrillard]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=3d4ph0V4eVwC&amp;pg=PA112&amp;dq=Jean+Baudrillard+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=LGFBT8RNhPmyBue-hOYE&amp;ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Jean%20Baudrillard%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title=Jean Baudrillard: against banality | first = William | last = Pawlett}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Gottfried Benn|Benn]]{{Sfn | Kaufmann| 1974| p =412}}{{·}}[[Judith Butler|Butler]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | work = Palgrave Journals | volume = 4 | number = 1 | url = http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v4/n1/full/9300135a.html | title = Towards a Genealogical Feminism: A Reading of Judith Butler's Political Thought | access-date = 19 Hulyo 2012 | archive-date = 31 Mayo 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160531234947/http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v4/n1/full/9300135a.html | url-status             = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Micha Josef Berdyczewski|Berdyczewski]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url= http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3033-berdyczewski-micah-joseph |title= Berdyczewsky, Micah Joseph | work = Jewish Encyclopædia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Georg Brandes|Brandes]]{{·}}[[Martin Buber|Buber]]{{·}}[[Kenneth Burke|Burke]]{{·}}[[Joseph Campbell|Campbell]]{{·}}[[Albert Camus|Camus]]{{·}}[[Ivan Cankar|Cankar]]{{·}}[[Emil Cioran|Cioran]]{{·}}[[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]]{{·}}[[Gabriele D'Annunzio|D'Annunzio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Aschheim | first= Steven E | title =The Nietzsche legacy in Germany, 1890–1990| url = https://archive.org/details/nietzschelegacyi0000asch | date = 1992|publisher= University of California Press|page =[https://archive.org/details/nietzschelegacyi0000asch/page/56 56]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Pierre Drieu La Rochelle|Drieu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Hawkins|first= Mike|title= The foundations of fascism: The world views of Drieu la Rochelle| journal= Journal of Political Ideologies| date = 2000 | volume = 5 | issue =3|pages=321–41}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{·}}[[Alfred Döblin|Döblin]]{{·}}[[Lawrence Durrell|Durrell]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | url = http://www.ualberta.ca/~gifford/textsvictoria.htm | place = [[Canada]] | publisher = University of Alberta | title = Reevaluating Postcolonial Theory in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet | access-date = 2012-07-19 | archive-date = 2012-09-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120929204650/http://www.ualberta.ca/~gifford/textsvictoria.htm | url-status =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Alain de Benoist|de Benoist]]{{·}}[[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]]{{·}}[[D. H. Lawrence]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=l_tSP0DZzK0C&amp;pg=PA210&amp;dq=d.h.+lawrence+nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ss2iT_CjL8ftOeHixN8G&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=d.h.%20lawrence%20nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= D.H. Lawrence: The Early Years, 1885-1912| first = Worthen | last = John}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=64flYHlI9cQC&amp;pg=PA73&amp;dq=d.h.+lawrence+nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ss2iT_CjL8ftOeHixN8G&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=d.h.%20lawrence%20nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= The Visionary D. H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art| first = Montgomery | last = Robert}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Julius Evola|Evola]]{{·}}[[Michel Foucault|Foucault]]{{·}}[[Sigmund Freud|Freud]]{{·}}[[Emma Goldman|Goldman]]{{·}}[[George Grant (philosopher)|Grant]]{{·}}[[Otto Gross|Gross]]{{·}}[[André Gide|Gide]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=mZGxs0PCwzEC&amp;pg=PA164&amp;lpg=PA164&amp;dq=Andr%C3%A9+Gide+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=hrOYmXJZMg&amp;sig=6zmgn7MpolNhfV24d06d2MYPkJc&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=rqFAT-uCCc3Jsga6z-HZBA&amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=Andr%C3%A9%20Gide%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false | title = André Gide: a life in the present | first = Alan | last = Sheridan}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Khalil Gibran|Gibran]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = http://www.bookrags.com/biography/kahlil-gibran/ |work = Encyclopedia of World Biography |title = Kahlil Gibran |access-date = 19 Hulyo 2012 |archive-date = 18 Oktubre 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131018020017/http://www.bookrags.com/biography/kahlil-gibran/ |url-status             =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Stefan George|George]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=cms8TKJcbVgC&amp;pg=PA75&amp;dq=Stefan+George+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=8oNAT_jOMYnltQadtNTpBA&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Stefan%20George%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false | title = The Nietzsche legacy in Germany, 1890–1990}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Stephen Greenblatt|Greenblatt]]{{·}}[[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]]{{·}}[[Harold Bloom|H. Bloom]]{{·}}[[Ola Hansson|Hansson]]{{·}}[[Knut Hamsun|Hamsun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=h_SsvAZ5LQsC&amp;pg=PA39&amp;lpg=PA39&amp;dq=Knut+Hamsun+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Teo-t-HtNV&amp;sig=Diw9dG90bk8-nNDms6SmbzTX_6s&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=cm9AT4j9HIPGtAbC5v3rBA&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=Knut%20Hamsun%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title = Troubling legacies: migration, modernism and fascism in the case of Knut Hamsun}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Max Horkheimer|Horkheimer]]{{·}}[[Hermann Hesse|Hesse]]{{·}}[[Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov|Ivanov]]{{·}}[[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]]{{·}}[[Karl Jaspers|Jaspers]]{{·}}[[Ernst Jünger|Jünger]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | journal = Counter Currents | url = http://www.counter-currents.com/2011/04/ernst-junger-figure-of-the-worker-part-2/+Ernst+J%C3%BCnger+Nietzsche&amp;cd=1&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=ba | date = 2011 | issue = 4 | last = Jünger | first = Ernst | archiveurl = http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WFWPbffb8BEJ:www.counter-currents.com/2011/04/ernst-junger-figure-of-the-worker-part-2/+Ernst+J%C3%BCnger+Nietzsche&amp;cd=1&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=ba|archivedate=2012-03-23 | work = The Figure of The Worker Between the Gods &amp; the Titans | title = Part 2 Alain de Benoist}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Robinson Jeffers|Jeffers]]{{·}}[[Carl Jung|Jung]]{{·}}[[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Kaufmann]]{{·}}[[Ludwig Klages|Klages]]{{Sfn | Kaufmann| 1974| pp = 214–15}}{{·}}[[Miroslav Krleža|Krleža]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| url = http://books.google.ba/books?id=qYfH1tOwsHcC&amp;pg=PA304&amp;lpg=PA304&amp;dq=Krleza+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=j2VZ2f1mm6&amp;sig=RILoQVWCI7sAOk1LdaLktTuF8Bg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=E5ZAT6GMLIrXsgaDttHmBA&amp;ved=0CFUQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=Krleza%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama | volume = 1}} One of Krleza first work was also called ''Zarathustra and young man''&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Károly Kerényi|Kerényi]]{{·}}[[Milan Kundera|Kundera]]{{·}}[[Nikos Kazantzakis|Kazantzakis]]{{·}}[[Wyndham Lewis|Lewis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=COWpq79R5bsC&amp;pg=PA109&amp;dq=Wyndham+Lewis+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=81NBT46XKsnQsgbj8JHTBA&amp;ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q=Wyndham%20Lewis%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false | title = Morality and the literary imagination}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Henri Lefebvre|Lefebvre]]{{·}}[[Jack London|London]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | url = http://london.sonoma.edu/Essays/philosophy.html | title = The Philosophy of Jack London | publisher = Sonoma | access-date = 19 Hulyo 2012 | archive-date = 3 Mayo 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130503173933/http://london.sonoma.edu/Essays/philosophy.html | url-status             = dead }}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Oscar Levy|Levy]]{{·}}[[Väinö Linna|Linna]]{{·}}[[H.P. Lovecraft|Lovecraft]]{{·}}[[Fritz Lang|Lang]]{{·}}[[Anthony Ludovici|Ludovici]]{{·}}[[Dmitry Merezhkovsky|Merezhkovsky]]{{·}}[[Thomas Mann|Mann]]{{·}}[[H.L. Mencken|Mencken]]{{·}}[[Gustav Mahler|Mahler]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url= http://www.sydneysymphony.com/learn_and_explore/audio_features/mahler_and_nietzsche/ |title= MahlerandNietzsche }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419231016/http://www.sydneysymphony.com/learn_and_explore/audio_features/mahler_and_nietzsche/ |date=2012-04-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Thierry Maulnier|Maulnier]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| last = Witt | first= Mary Ann Frese | title = The search for modern tragedy: aesthetic fascism in Italy and France| url = https://archive.org/details/searchformodernt00witt | date = 2001| publisher= Cornell University Press | pages = [https://archive.org/details/searchformodernt00witt/page/139 139]–41}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Vladimir Mayakovski|Mayakovski]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=f5cUEHHchNAC&amp;pg=PA40&amp;lpg=PA40&amp;dq=Vladimir+Mayakovsky+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=klT-LE9iru&amp;sig=u1w5ZueWsprf9X152iDzwHRWbmM&amp;hl=hr&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=QoNUT4GjM4f1sgb0kdjVCw&amp;ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Vladimir%20Mayakovsky%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Nietzsche and Soviet Culture: Ally and Adversary}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Jim Morrison|Morrison]]{{·}}[[Robert Musil|Musil]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| url = http://books.google.ba/books?id=e7QdTuwWlVgC&amp;pg=PA21&amp;lpg=PA21&amp;dq=Robert+Musil+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ktsDaFRvAx&amp;sig=l2-FCcvxGVKLgRO39cLRiZ-JZbs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=nnFAT8voMcfCswbit9zNBA&amp;ved=0CEQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q=Robert%20Musil%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Understanding Robert Musil}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Yukio Mishima|Mishima]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=szFvvhpAVtQC&amp;pg=PA18&amp;lpg=PA18&amp;dq=Yukio+Mishima+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Q7t-2YSfnb&amp;sig=FxtfRG9EBNrjalkrOmERBystMXQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=GitBT-LBIsfXtAb3mbzDBA&amp;ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=Yukio%20Mishima%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false| title= Deadly dialectics: sex, violence, and nihilism in the world of Yukio Mishima | first = Roy | last = Starrs}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Renzo Novatore|Novatore]]{{·}}[[Michel Onfray|Onfray]]{{·}}[[Eugene O'Neill|O'Neill]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=g1whggReJx4C&amp;pg=PA39&amp;dq=Eugene+O%27Neill+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=kVJBT6CqGtCVswak7ejzBA&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Eugene%20O%27Neill%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Eugene O'Neill: a playwright's theatre | first = Egil | last = Törnqvist}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Giovanni Papini|Papini]]{{·}}[[Rainer Maria Rilke|Rilke]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=pUVuBvraI-wC&amp;pg=PA114&amp;dq=Rilke+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bI-9T5HYO83ntQbotZixDQ&amp;ved=0CEUQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Rilke%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= The Poets' Jesus: Representations at the End of a Millennium}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=Kip0w0i1ykUC&amp;pg=PA87&amp;dq=Rilke+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=VY-9T7_WEMfLtAbnmYGCDg&amp;ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=Rilke%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= The Importance of Nietzsche: Ten Essays}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}
[[Otto Rank|Rank]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=DpA5mAjkSScC&amp;pg=PA247&amp;dq=Otto+Rank+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=GGlBT7a5M4ratAad54DVAw&amp;ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Otto%20Rank%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Nietzsche and depth psychology | first1 = Jacob | last1 = Golomb | first2 = Weaver | last2 = Santaniello | first3 = Ronald | last3 = Lehrer}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Ayn Rand|Rand]]{{·}}[[Richard Rorty|Rorty]]{{·}}[[Mark Rothko|Rothko]]{{·}}[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]]{{·}}[[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]]{{·}}[[Scipio Slataper|Slataper]]{{·}}[[Peter Sloterdijk|Sloterdijk]]{{·}}[[Edith Södergran|Södergran]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=giM73n_lca4C&amp;pg=PA410&amp;dq=Edith+S%C3%B6dergran+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KdvnT6CEDMrOswbQvKiwAQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History | first = Aldrich| last = Robert}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Max Scheler|Scheler]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=5SjNht3Jh_4C&amp;pg=PA16&amp;dq=Max+Scheler+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=WUNBT7-xFtHmtQbCh9jxBA&amp;ved=0CFYQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q=Max%20Scheler%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Person and polis: Max Scheler's personalism as political theory | first = Stephen Frederick | last = Schneck}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Leo Strauss|Strauss]]{{·}}[[Oswald Spengler|Spengler]]{{·}}[[Bernard Stiegler|Stiegler]]{{·}}[[Rudolf Steiner|Steiner]]{{·}}[[Reinhard Sorge|Sorge]]{{·}}[[August Strindberg|Strindberg]]{{·}}[[Ferdinand Tönnies|Tönnies]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=TxTITNduFc4C&amp;pg=PA154&amp;lpg=PA154&amp;dq=Ferdinand+T%C3%B6nnies+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=o7GW_sG-Gu&amp;sig=U3QDSypJL0Q5VZ2_WahTYeJGHw0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=CipBT-_qLofAtAaxusHrBA&amp;ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Ferdinand%20T%C3%B6nnies%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false |title=Nietzsche and early German and Austrian sociology | first1 = Franz | last1 = Solms-Laubach | first2 = Franz | last2 = Solms-Laubach}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Hans Vaihinger|Vaihinger]]{{·}}[[Georges Valois|Valois]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Douglas | first = Allen|title=From fascism to libertarian communism: Georges Valois against the Third Republic| url = https://archive.org/details/fromfascismtolib0000doug | date = 1992|publisher= University of California Press | pages = [https://archive.org/details/fromfascismtolib0000doug/page/14 14]–15}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{·}}[[Arthur Moeller van den Bruck|van den Bruck]]{{·}}[[Gianni Vattimo|Vattimo]]{{·}}[[Max Weber|Weber]]{{·}}[[Robert Anton Wilson|Wilson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= https://youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=r-7gZkPoeMY|title= Robert Anton Wilson talks about Alfred Korzybski, Friedrich Nietzsche,...}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Bernard Williams|Williams]]{{·}}[[Lu Xun|Xun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ba/books?id=8m7ENeccqaQC&amp;pg=PA197&amp;dq=Lu+Xun+Nietzsche&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=m41AT_euBNDGswb5zOHVBA&amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Lu%20Xun%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false|title= Lu Xun and evolution | first = James Reeve | last = Pusey}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Arnold Zweig|Zweig]]{{Sfn | Golomb | 1997}}{{Rp| needed =yes|date=March 2012}}
| signature        = Friedrich Nietzsche Signature.svg
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| quote            =}}

Hi '''Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche''' (natawo Oktubre 15, 1844 - namatay Agosto 25, 1900) amo an usa nga manunurat nga alemano ngan pilosopo. Nagsurat hiya hin mga basahon nga naghihingyap makapaupay han kalibutan.

==Mga kasarigan==
{{reflist}}

==Mga ginbuhat==
{{Main|Friedrich Nietzsche bibliography}}
{{see also|List of works about Friedrich Nietzsche}}
*''The Greek State'' (1871)
*''[[The Birth of Tragedy]]'' (1872)
*''[[On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense]]'' (1873)
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | title = [[Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks]] | date = 1873}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[Untimely Meditations (Nietzsche)|Untimely Meditations]] | date = 1876}}.
*''[[Human, All Too Human]]'' (1878; additions in 1879, 1880)
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[The Dawn (book)|The Dawn]] | date = 1881}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[The Gay Science]] | date = 1882}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[Thus Spoke Zarathustra]]: A Book for All and For None | origyear = 1883–85 | others = trans. RJ Hollingdale | place = New York | publisher = Penguin Classics | date = 1961 | ISBN 0-14-044118-2}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[Beyond Good and Evil (book)|Beyond Good and Evil]] | date = 1886}}
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[On the Genealogy of Morality]] | date = 1887}}.
*''[[The Case of Wagner]]'' (1888)
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[Twilight of the Idols]] | date = 1888b}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[The Antichrist (book)|The Antichrist]] | local = Grand Rapids | publisher = Kessinger | date = 2004 | origyear = 1888c}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = [[Ecce Homo (book)|Ecce Homo]] | origyear = 1888d | volume = Basic Writings of Nietzsche | others = trans. Walter Kaufmann | publisher = Modern Library | date = 2000 | ISBN = 0-679-78339-3}}.
*''[[Nietzsche contra Wagner]]'' (1888)
*''[[The Will to Power (manuscript)|The Will to Power]]'' (unpublished manuscripts edited by [[Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche]])
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = The Portable Nietzsche | others = trans. Walter Kaufmann | publisher = Penguin | date = 1977 | ISBN = 0-14-015062-5}}.
* {{Citation | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | last = Nietzsche | author-mask = 8 | title = The Pre-Platonic Philosophers | others = trans. Greg Whitlock | publisher = University of Illinois Press | date = 2001 | ISBN = 0-252-02559-8}}.
* {{Citation | last = Nietzsche | first = Friedrich Wilhelm | author-mask = 8 | title = The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols, and Other Writings | others = transl. Judith Norman, Aaron Ridley | place = Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge University Press | date = 2005 | ISBN = 0-521-01688-6}}.

===Dugang nga barasahon===
{{Refbegin|3}}
* {{Citation | last = Baird | first = Forrest E | authorlink = | coauthors = Walter Kaufmann | title = From Plato to Derrida | publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall | date = 2008 | place = Upper Saddle River, NJ | pages =1011–38 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-13-158591-6 }}
*{{Cite book|last = Benson | first = Bruce Ellis | authorlink = | title = Pious Nietzsche: Decadence and Dionysian Faith | publisher = [[Indiana University Press]] | date = 2007 | location = | page = 296 |url=https://archive.org/details/piousnietzschede0000bens|doi=|id=| isbn=}}
* {{Citation |last = Cate | first = Curtis | authorlink = | title =  Friedrich Nietzsche | publisher = [[The Overlook Press]] | date = 2005 | place = Woodstock, NY, USA}}
* Emilio Carlo Corriero, ''Nietzsche olter l'abisso. Declinazioni italiane della 'morte di Dio''', Marco Valerio, Torino, 2007
* {{Citation |last=Deleuze|first=Gilles|title= [[Nietzsche and Philosophy]]|publisher= Athlone Press| origyear= 1983| date = 2006 | others= trans. Hugh Tomlinson|isbn = 0-485-11233-7}}
* {{Citation |last=Eilon|first=Eli|title= Nietzsche's Principle of Abundance as Guiding Aesthetic Value|publisher= Nietzsche-Studien, December 2001 (30)| pages =200-221 }}
* {{Citation | editor1-link = Ken Gemes| editor1-last = Gemes | editor1-first = Ken | editor2-first = Simon | editor2-last = May | date = 2002 | title = Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy | publisher = Oxford University Press}}.
* {{Citation |url=http://books.google.ba/books?id=HBCsgS7k7lAC&amp;pg=PA185&amp;lpg=PA185&amp;dq=Arnold+Zweig+Nietzsche&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=PTXKFXC_YD&amp;sig=7glHFmjNCUMvZi4S2CxtG6oJ5d4&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=G59AT-vMHMLLsgbwtN3oBA&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Arnold%20Zweig%20Nietzsche&amp;f=false | title = Nietzsche and Jewish culture | editor-first = Jacob | editor-last = Golomb | publisher = Routledge | date = 1997}}.
* {{Citation | last = Heidegger | first = Martin | title = The Word of Nietzsche}}.
* {{Citation |last=Kaufmann|first=Walter|title=Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist|publisher=Princeton University Press| date = 1974|isbn = 0-691-01983-5}}
*{{Citation |last=Lampert|first=Laurence|title=Nietzsche's Teaching: An Interpretation of &quot;Thus Spoke Zarathustra&quot;| place =New Haven | publisher = Yale University Press| date = 1986|isbn=0-300-04430-5}}
*Magnus and Higgins, &quot;Nietzsche's works and their themes&quot;, in ''The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche'', Magnus and Higgins (ed.), University of Cambridge Press, 1996, pp.&amp;nbsp;21–58. ISBN 0-521-36767-0
* O'Flaherty, James C., Sellner, Timothy F., Helm, Robert M., &quot;Studies in Nietzsche and the Classical Tradition&quot; ([[University of North Carolina Press]]) 1979 ISBN 0-8078-8085-X
* O'Flaherty, James C., Sellner, Timothy F., Helm, Robert M., &quot;Studies in Nietzsche and the Judaeo-Christian Tradition&quot; (University of North Carolina Press) 1985 ISBN 0-8078-8104-X
*Porter, James I. &quot;Nietzsche and the Philology of the Future&quot; (Stanford University Press, 2000). ISBN 0-8047-3698-7
* {{Citation | last = Porter | first = James I | title = The Invention of Dionysus: An Essay on The Birth of Tragedy | publisher = Stanford University Press | date = 2000 | ISBN = 0-8047-3700-2 | author-mask = 4}}.
* {{Citation | last = Roochnik | first = David | title = Retrieving the Ancients | date = 2004}}.
* {{Citation | last = Russell | first = Bertrand | author-link = Bertrand Russel | date = 2004 | title = A History of Western Philosophy | publisher = Routledge}}.
* {{Citation | title = Egotism in German Philosophy | url = http://www.archive.org/details/egotismingerman00santuoft | chapter = XI | publisher = JM Dent &amp; Sons | place = London &amp; Toronto | last = Santayana | first = George | author-link = George Santayana | date = 1916}}.
* {{Citation | first = Peter R | last = Sedgwick | title = Nietzsche: the key concepts | place = Routledge, Oxon, ENG, UK | publisher = Routledge | date = 2009}}.
* [[T. K. Seung|Seung, T.K.]] ''Nietzsche's Epic of the Soul: Thus Spoke Zarathustra''. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2005. ISBN 0-7391-1130-2
*{{Cite book|author=Tanner, Michael|title=Nietzsche|url=https://archive.org/details/nietzschepastmas00mich|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1994|isbn=0-19-287680-5}}
* {{Citation | last = von Vacano | first = Diego | title = The Art of Power: Machiavelli, Nietzsche and the Making of Aesthetic Political Theory | place = Lanham, MD | publisher = Lexington | date = 2007}}.
*{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Wicks, Robert|title=Friedrich Nietzsche|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|edition=Fall 2004|editor= Edward N. Zalta |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2004/entries/nietzsche/}}
* Young, Julian. ''Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography'' (Cambridge University Press; 2010) 649 pp.
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Friedrich Nietzsche}}
*[http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d360/Friedrich_Nietzsche Audio link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419070025/http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d360/Friedrich_Nietzsche |date=2015-04-19 }} Pronounciation (English and German) for ''Friedrich Nietzsche''  
*{{gutenberg author|Friedrich_Nietzsche}}
*{{worldcat id|lccn-n79-21132}}
*{{librivox author|Friedrich+Nietzsche}}
*[http://www.lexido.com/ Lexido: Searchable Database index of Public Domain editions of all Nietzsche's major works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514094631/http://lexido.com/ |date=2021-05-14 }}
*{{IEP|nietzsch|Friedrich Nietzsche|Dale Wilkerson|2009}}
*[http://www.philosophytalk.org/pastShows/Nietzsche.htm Nietzsche] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629204740/http://www.philosophytalk.org/pastShows/Nietzsche.htm |date=2011-06-29 }} from the radio program [[Philosophy Talk]]
*{{dmoz|Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/N/Nietzsche,_Friedrich}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm}}
*[[BBC]] (1999). &quot;[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-184240591461103528# Beyond Good and Evil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013134345/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-184240591461103528 |date=2012-10-13 }}&quot;. ''[[Human, All Too Human (TV series)|Human, All Too Human]]''.
* [http://www.weple.org/timeline.html#ids=14631,12007,12598,700,10671,9518,37304,95184,&amp;title=8%20German%20Philosophers Timeline of German Philosophers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421040017/http://www.weple.org/timeline.html#ids=14631,12007,12598,700,10671,9518,37304,95184,&amp;title=8%20German%20Philosophers |date=2011-04-21 }}
*Walter Kaufmann 1960 [http://www.archive.org/details/NietzscheAndTheCrisisInPhilosophy Prof. Nietzsche and the Crisis in Philosophy]  Audio
*{{cite journal | last=Kierans | first=Kenneth | title=On the Unity of Nietzsche's Philosophy | journal=[[Animus (journal)|Animus]] | date=2010 | volume=14 | url=http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%2014/9_Kierans.pdf | issn=1209-0689 | accessdate=17 Agosto 2011 | archive-date=2011-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003192327/http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%2014/9_Kierans.pdf | url-status= }}
*{{SEP|nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche|Robert Wicks|2007-11-14}}
**{{SEP|nietzsche-moral-political|Nietzsche's Moral and Political Philosophy|[[Brian Leiter]]|2007-07-27}}
*[http://www.brianleiternietzsche.blogspot.com/ Brian Leiter's Nietzsche Blog]: News, polls, and discussion about Nietzsche and current events in Nietzsche scholarship from [[Brian Leiter]] (University of Chicago).
*[http://www.nietzschesource.org/ Nietzsche Source: Digital version of the German critical edition of the complete works and  Digital facsimile edition of the entire Nietzsche estate]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nietzsche, Friedrich}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1844]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1900]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Nietzche, Friedrich]]
[[Kaarangay:Pilosopiya|Nietzche, Friedrich]]
[[Kaarangay:Friedrich Nietzsche| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hadton Ehipto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="14393" sha1="tc4rgayns3u5iw8fq7m7jfjludszvct" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|thumb]]

An '''Hadton Ehipto''' usa nga han-una nga sibilisasyon ha sidlangan Amihanan Aprika nga napundok didto ha uruubos han Salog [[Nilo]], nga amo yanan an kabag-uhan nga Ehipto.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book |author=Aldred, Cyril |title=Akhenaten, King of Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/00book1496783233 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London, England | date = 1988 |pages= |isbn=0-500-05048-1 |doi=}}
* {{Cite book |author=Allen, James P. |title=Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs |url=https://archive.org/details/middleegyptianin0000alle |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK | date = 2000 |isbn=0-521-77483-7}}
* {{Cite book | last=Badawy | first=Alexander | title=A History of Egyptian Architecture. Vol III | publisher=University of California Press | location=Berkeley, California | date = 1968 | isbn=0-520-00057-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Billard|first=Jules B.|title=Ancient Egypt: Discovering its Splendors|publisher=National Geographic Society|location=Washington D.C.| date = 1978}}
* {{Cite book|first =J|last=Cerny|title=Egypt from the Death of Ramesses III to the End of the Twenty-First Dynasty' in The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380–1000&amp;nbsp;BC|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK| date = 1975|isbn=0-521-08691-4}}
* {{Cite book|title= Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture |url= https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianc0000clar |last=Clarke |first=Somers |publisher=Dover Publications, Unabridged Dover reprint of ''Ancient Egyptian Masonry: The Building Craft'' originally published by Oxford University Press/Humphrey Milford, London, (1930)| location=New York, New York | date = 1990 |isbn=0-486-26485-8 |author2=R. Engelbach}}
* {{Cite book|last=Clayton |first=Peter A. |title = Chronicle of the Pharaohs |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay |publisher= Thames and Hudson |location=London, England| date = 1994 |isbn=0-500-05074-0 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Cline, Eric H.; O'Connor, David Kevin |title=Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan | date = 2001 |page= 273|isbn=0-472-08833-5}}
* {{Cite book |title=Egyptian Rock Cut Tombs |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianrockcutt0000dods |last=Dodson |first=Aidan |publisher=Shire Publications Ltd | date = 1991 |location=Buckinghamshire, UK |isbn=0-7478-0128-2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Dodson, Aidan|author2=Hilton, Dyan|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/completeroyalfam0000dods_a3h8|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson |location=London, England| date = 2004|isbn=0-500-05128-3}}
* {{Cite book | last=El-Daly | first=Okasha | title=Egyptology: The Missing Millennium | location=London, England | publisher=UCL Press | date = 2005 | isbn=1-84472-062-4}}
* {{Cite book |author=Filer, Joyce |title=Disease |url=https://archive.org/details/disease00file |publisher=University of Texas Press |location=Austin, Texas | date = 1996 |isbn=0-292-72498-5}}
* {{Cite book | last=Gardiner | first=Sir Alan | title=[[Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs]] | publisher=Griffith Institute | location=Oxford, England | date = 1957 | isbn=0-900416-35-1}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Hayes | first= W. C. | title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter III. The Neolithic and Chalcolithic Communities of Northern Egypt | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-near-eastern-studies_1964-10_23_4/page/217 | journal=[[Journal of Near Eastern Studies|JNES]] | edition=No. 4 |date= Oktubre 1964 | pages=217–272 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | doi=10.1086/371778}}
* {{Cite book | authors=Imhausen, Annette; [[Eleanor Robson|Robson, Eleanor]], [[Joseph Dauben|Dauben, Joseph W.]], [[Kim Plofker|Plofker, Kim]] &amp; Berggren, J. Lennart | editor-last=Katz | editor-first=V. J., Jr. | title=The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook | url=https://archive.org/details/mathematicsofegy0000unse | publisher=Princeton University Press | location=Princeton | date = 2007 | isbn=0-691-11485-4 }}
* {{Cite book|last=James|first=T.G.H.|title=The British Museum Concise Introduction to Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/britishmuseumcon00jame|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan| date = 2005 |isbn=0-472-03137-6}}
* {{Cite book|author=[[Barry Kemp (Egyptologist)|Kemp, Barry]]|title=Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization|publisher=Routledge| date = 1991|location=London, England|isbn=0-415-06346-9}}
* {{Cite book |last= Lichtheim |first=Miriam|title=Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol 1|publisher=University of California Press| date = 1975|location=London, England |isbn=0-520-02899-6}}
* {{Cite book |last= Lichtheim | first=Miriam | title=Ancient Egyptian Literature, A Book of Readings. Vol III: The Late Period | publisher=University of California Press | date = 1980 | location=Berkeley, California| isbn=}}
* {{Cite book | last=Loprieno | first=Antonio | title= Ancient Egyptian: A linguistic introduction | url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianl0000lopr | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, UK | date = 1995a |isbn=0-521-44849-2}}
* {{Cite book | last=Loprieno | first=Antonio | contribution=Ancient Egyptian and other Afroasiatic Languages | title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East | editor-last=Sasson | editor-first=J. M. | volume=4 | publisher=Charles Scribner | place=New York, New York | date = 1995b | pages=2137–2150 | isbn=1-56563-607-4}}
* {{Cite book | last=Loprieno | first=Antonio | contribution=Ancient Egyptian and Coptic | title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages | url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo0000unse_t8o9 | editor-last=Woodward | editor-first=Roger D. | publisher=Cambridge University Press | place=Cambridge, UK | date = 2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo0000unse_t8o9/page/160 160]–192 | isbn=0-521-56256-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lucas |first=Alfred |authorlink=Alfred Lucas |title=Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, 4th Ed |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianm0000luca |location=London, England | date = 1962 |publisher=Edward Arnold Publishers|isbn=1-85417-046-5}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Mallory-Greenough | first=Leanne M. | title=The Geographical, Spatial, and Temporal Distribution of Predynastic and First Dynasty Basalt Vessels | journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology | location=London, England | publisher=Egypt Exploration Society | date = 2002 | volume=88 | pages=67–93 | doi=10.2307/3822337 | jstor=3822337}}
* {{Cite book| date = 1998|author=Manuelian, Peter Der|title=Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs|url=https://archive.org/details/egyptworldofphar00unse|location=Bonner Straße, Cologne Germany|publisher=Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|isbn=3-89508-913-3}}
* {{Cite book |author=McDowell, A. G. |title=Village life in ancient Egypt: laundry lists and love songs |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England | date = 1999|isbn=0-19-814998-0 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Meskell, Lynn |title=Object Worlds in Ancient Egypt: Material Biographies Past and Present (Materializing Culture) |publisher=Berg Publishers |location=Oxford, England| date = 2004|isbn=1-85973-867-2}}
* {{Cite book | last=Midant-Reynes | first=Béatrix | title=The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Pharaohs | url=https://archive.org/details/prehistoryofegyp0000mida | location=Oxford, England | publisher=Blackwell Publishers | date = 2000 | isbn=0-631-21787-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nicholson |first=Paul T. |title=Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK | date = 2000 |isbn=0-521-45257-0 |author-separator=, }}
* {{Cite book |author=Oakes, Lorna |title=Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Reference to the Myths, Religions, Pyramids and Temples of the Land of the Pharaohs |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptillu00unse |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble |location=New York, New York | date = 2003|isbn=0-7607-4943-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Robins |first=Gay |title=The Art of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Harvard University Press | date = 2000 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=0-674-00376-4 }}
* {{Cite book |author=[[Kim Ryholt|Ryholt, Kim]]|title=The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period |date= Enero 1997 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark|publisher=Museum Tusculanum |isbn=87-7289-421-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Scheel |first=Bernd |title=Egyptian Metalworking and Tools |publisher= Shire Publications Ltd |location=Haverfordwest, Great Britain | date = 1989|isbn=0-7478-0001-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Shaw|first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofa00shaw|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2003|location=Oxford, England|isbn=0-19-280458-8}}
* {{Cite book |author=Siliotti, Alberto |title=The Discovery of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Book Sales, Inc |location=Edison, New Jersey | date = 1998|isbn=0-7858-1360-8}}
* {{Cite book | last=Strouhal | first=Eugen | title=Life in Ancient Egypt | url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofancientegy0000stro | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | date = 1989 | isbn=0-8061-2475-X}}
* {{Cite book|author=Tyldesley, Joyce A. |title=Ramesses: Egypt's greatest pharaoh |url=https://archive.org/details/ramessesegyptsgr0000tyld |publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth, England| date = 2001|pages= [https://archive.org/details/ramessesegyptsgr0000tyld/page/76 76]–77|isbn=0-14-028097-9}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Vittman | first=G. | title=Zum koptischen Sprachgut im Ägyptisch-Arabisch | journal=Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes | location=Vienna, Austria | publisher=Institut für Orientalistik, Vienna University | date = 1991 | volume=81 | pages=197–227}}
* {{Cite book |author=Walbank, Frank William |authorlink = F. W. Walbank|title=The Cambridge ancient history |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK | date = 1984 |isbn=0-521-23445-X}}
* {{Cite book |author=Wasserman, James; Faulkner, Raymond Oliver; Goelet, Ogden; Von Dassow, Eva |title=The Egyptian Book of the dead, the Book of going forth by day: being the Papyrus of Ani |publisher=Chronicle Books |location=San Francisco, California | date = 1994 |isbn=0-8118-0767-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=R. H.| date = 2000|title=The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/completetempleso00wilk|location=London, England|publisher=Thames and Hudson|isbn=0-500-05100-3}}
{{Refend}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* {{Cite book|author=[[John Baines|Baines, John]] and [[Jaromir Malek]]|title=The Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt|edition=revised|publisher=Facts on File| date = 2000|isbn=0-8160-4036-2}}
* {{Cite book | last = Bard | first = KA | title = Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt | publisher = Routledge | location = NY, NY | date = 1999|isbn=0-415-18589-0}}
* {{Cite book|first=Nicolas|last=Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000grim_o8d3|publisher=Blackwell Books|language=German| date = 1992|isbn=0-631-19396-0}}
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Helck|editor1-first=Wolfgang|editor1-link=Wolfgang Helck|editor2-last=Otto|editor2-first=Eberhard|title=Lexikon der Ägyptologie|url=https://archive.org/details/lexikondergyptol00helc|publisher=O. Harrassowitz| date = 1972–1992|isbn=3-447-01441-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=[[Mark Lehner|Lehner, Mark]]|title=The Complete Pyramids|location=London|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson| date = 1997|isbn=0-500-05084-8}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2001|isbn=0-19-510234-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=R.H.|title=The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0|location=London|publisher=Thames and Hudson| date = 2003|isbn=0-500-05120-8}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|voy=Egypt|b=Ancient History/Egypt|s=Wikisource:Ancient Egypt|commons=Category:Ancient Egypt}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/ BBC History: Egyptians]—provides a reliable general overview and further links
* [http://www.ancient.eu.com/egypt/ Ancient History Encyclopedia] on Egypt
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN&amp;id=9ToLAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=PtahHotep&amp;as_brr=1 Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book Door Marshall Clagett, 1989]
* [http://www.aldokkan.com/science/metallurgy.htm Ancient Egyptian Metallurgy] A site that shows the history of Egyptian [[metalworking]]
* ''Napoleon on the Nile: Soldiers, Artists, and the Rediscovery of Egypt'', [http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/Napoleon-on-the-Nile/Joseph--1874.htm Art History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602082144/http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/Napoleon-on-the-Nile/Joseph--1874.htm |date= 2 Hunyo 2008 }}.
* [http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/ Ancient Egypt]—maintained by the [[British Museum]], this site provides a useful introduction to Ancient Egypt for older children and young adolescents
* [http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt for Universities.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416080018/http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ |date=2010-04-16 }} Outstanding scholarly treatment with broad coverage and cross references (internal and external). Artifacts used extensively to illustrate topics.
* [http://www.ancient-egypt-priests.com/ Priests of Ancient Egypt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216191750/http://ancient-egypt-priests.com/ |date=2014-12-16 }} In-depth-information about Ancient Egypt's priests, religious services and temples. Much picture material and bibliography. In English and German.
* [http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt Ancient Egypt]
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/nelc_uee?rmode=showAll UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/women_01.shtml Ancient Egypt and the Role of Women] by Dr Joann Fletcher</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Avicenna</title>
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      <text bytes="14359" sha1="s1qx80kd40lo0c9xfags6tbo54z2g8q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scholar
| region           = [[Greater Khorasan|Greater Khorāsān]] under the [[Samanid|Samanid Empire]]  (&lt;small&gt;19 years in [[Bukhara]]&lt;/small&gt;);&lt;br /&gt;[[Khwarezm|Khwārazm]] under the Samanids (&lt;small&gt;13 years in [[Konye-Urgench|Gorgānj]]&lt;/small&gt;);&lt;br /&gt;[[Gorgan|Jorjān]] under the [[Ziyarid dynasty|Ziyarids]]:  &lt;small&gt;1012-14 AD&lt;/small&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;[[Persia]] under the [[Buyid dynasty|Buyids]] (&lt;small&gt;[[Ray, Iran|Ray]]: for 1 year; [[Hamadan|Hamadān]]: for 9 years; [[Isfahan|Isfahān]]: for 13 years; died in 1037 AD in Hamadān.&lt;/small&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-ii |title=D. Gutas, 1987, '&amp;#39;AVICENNA ii. Biography'&amp;#39;, Encyclopaedia Iranica |publisher=Iranicaonline.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| era              = Medieval era ([[Islamic Golden Age]])
| image            = IbnSina-Dushanbe.jpg
| caption          = Avicenna's statue in [[Dushanbe]], [[Tajikistan]]
| name             = Ibn Sīnā (ابن سینا)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pūr Sīnā (پور سینا)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Avicenna&lt;/small&gt;
| fullname         = Abū 'Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā
| other_names      = Sharaf al-Mulk, Hujjat al-Haq, Sheikh al-Rayees
| birth_date       = c. 980
| birth_place      = Afshana, near [[Bukhara]] (capital of [[Samanid Empire]]), in present day [[Uzbekistan]]
| death_date       = December 10, {{death year and age|1037|980}}
| death_place      = [[Hamadan]], [[Persia]]
| nationality      = [[Persian people|Persian]]
| Religion = [[Muslim]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janssens91&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Leuven University Press| isbn = 978-90-6186-476-9| last = Janssens| first = Jules L.| title = An annotated bibliography on Ibn Sînâ (1970-1989): including Arabic and Persian publications and Turkish and Russian references | year = 1991 | pages=89–90}} excerpt: &quot;[Dimitri Gutas's ''Avicenna's maḏhab''] convincingly demonstrates that I.S. was a sunnî-Ḥanafî.&quot; [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3KizrKA5YJ8C&amp;pg=PA90&amp;lpg=PA89&amp;dq=ibn+sina+hanafi&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=RWb5VAGHA4&amp;sig=ZRBh96ucZNIraZlNQotllhxCF_k&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=F8WuTLm6MJDEsAPjn9GnDA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CBoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=ibn%20sina%20hanafi&amp;f=false]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aisha Khan&quot;/&gt;
| main_interests   = [[Medicine]], [[philosophy]], [[logic]], [[Islamic theology]] ([[kalam]]), [[physics]], [[Persian poetry|poetry]], [[science]]
| notable_ideas    = Father of modern [[medicine]]; pioneer of [[aromatherapy]]
| major_works      = ''[[The Book of Healing]]'', ''[[The Canon of Medicine]]''
| influences       = the [[Qur'an]], [[Muhammad]], [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]], [[Hippocrates]], [[Sushruta]], [[Charaka]], [[Aristotle]], [[Galen]], [[Plotinus]], [[Neoplatonism]], [[Indian mathematics]], [[Wasil ibn Ata]], [[al-Kindi]], [[al-Farabi]], [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi|Rhazes]], [[Abu Rayhan Biruni|Biruni]], [[John Philoponus]]
| influenced       = [[Abu Rayhan Biruni|Biruni]], [[al-Ghazali]], [[Omar Khayyám]], [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Fakhruddin al-Razi]], [[Abubacer]], [[Averroes]], [[Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi]], [[Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī|Tusi]], [[Ibn al-Nafis]], [[Scholasticism]], [[Albertus Magnus]], [[Duns Scotus]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]], [[Giambattista Benedetti]], [[William Harvey]], [[Maimonides]], [[Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani]]
}}

[[File:Avicenna-miniatur.jpg|thumb|right|]]

'''Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā Balkhi'''', kilala nga '''Abu Ali Sina Balkhi''' ([[Tinurkiya]]: İbni Sina) ([[Pinersyan]]: ابوعلی سینا بلخى) o Ibn Sina ([[Inarabo]]: ابن سینا‎) agsob tawagon ha [[iningles]] nga [[linatin]] nga ngaran '''Avicenna''' ngan ha Kinatsila '''Avicena''' (Grineyego: Aβιτζιανός, ''Abitzianos''),(c. 980 - 1037) usa ka malarang nga Turók&lt;ref&gt;Ravil Bukharaev, Islam in Russia: The Four Seasons, Palgrave Macmillan, 16 Eyl 2000, p.95&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Theodore Craig Levin, The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (And Queens, New York), Indiana University Press, 1996, p.40&lt;/ref&gt; ngan nangunguna nga mantarambal ngan pilosopo ha iya panahon. Usa liwat hiya nga astronomo, kemiko, heolohista, lohiko, paleontolohista, matematiko, pisiko, maniriday, psycholohista, syentipiko ngan manturutdo.

== Mga kasarigan ==
{{reflist}}

== Dugang nga barasahon ==
{{refbegin|2}}

=== Mga ensayklopedyahanon nga mga artikulo ===
* {{cite encyclopedia
 | last = Flannery
 | first = Michael
 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
 | title = Avicenna
 | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna
 | ref = harv
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
 | last = Goichon
 | first = A.-M.
 | authorlink = A.-M. Goichon
 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopedia of Islam]]
 | publisher = [[Brill Publishers]]
 | title = IBN SINA, Abu 'Ali al-Husayn b. 'Abd Allah b. Sina, known in the West as Avicenna
 | url = http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/art/ei-is.htm
 | year = 1999
 | ref = harv
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
 | last = Mahdi
 | first = M.
 | authorlink = M. Mahdi
 | coauthors = D. Gutas, Sh. B. Abed, M. E. Marmura, F. Rahman, G. Saliba, O. Wright, B. Musallam, M. Achena, S. Van Riet, U. Weisser
 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Iranica]]
 | title = Avicenna
 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-index
 | year = 1987
 | ref = harv
}}
*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Avicenna}}
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Avicenna|title=Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina (Avicenna)}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey et al | last = Ragep | first = Sally P. | title=Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al‐Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 570–2 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Sina_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Sina_BEA.pdf PDF version])
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/avicenna/ Avicenna] entry by Sajjad H. Rizvi in the ''[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''

=== Primarya nga literatura ===
* {{Cite book| edition = 1| publisher = Brigham Young University| isbn = 0-934893-77-2| last = Avicenna| others = Michael E. Marmura (trans.)| title = The Metaphysics of The Healing| series = A parallel English-Arabic text translation| year = 2005}}
*{{Cite book | publisher = Great Books of the Islamic World | isbn = 978-1-871031-67-6 | last = Avicenna | others = Laleh Bakhtiar (ed.), Oskar Cameron Gruner (trans.), Mazhar H. Shah  (trans.) | title = The Canon of Medicine (al-Qānūn fī'l-ṭibb), vol. 1 | year = 1999 | ref=harv}}
* Avicenne: ''Réfutation de l'astrologie''. Edition et traduction du texte arabe, introduction, notes et lexique par Yahya Michot. Préface d'Elizabeth Teissier (Beirut-Paris: Albouraq, 2006) ISBN 2-84161-304-6.
* For a list of other extant works, [[C. Brockelmann]]'s ''Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur'' (Weimar, 1898), vol. i. pp.&amp;nbsp;452–458. (XV. W.; G. W. T.)
* For Ibn Sina's life, see [[Ibn Khallikan]]'s ''Biographical Dictionary'', translated by [[de Slane]] (1842); [[F. Wüstenfeld]]'s ''Geschichte der arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher'' (Göttingen, 1840).
* Madelung, Wilferd and Toby Mayer (ed. and tr.), Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of Avicenna's Metaphysics. A New Arabic Edition and English Translation of [[Muhammad al-Shahrastani|Shahrastani]]'s Kitab al-Musara'a.

=== Sekondarya nga literatura ===
* {{cite book
  | first = Soheil M.
  | last = Afnan
  | authorlink = Soheil Muhsin Afnan
  | title = Avicenna: His Life and Works
  | year = 1958
  | publisher = G. Allen &amp; Unwin
  | location = London
  | oclc = 31478971
  | ref = harv
  }}
** This is, on the whole, an informed and good account of the life and accomplishments of one of the greatest influences on the development of thought both Eastern and Western. [...] It is not as philosophically thorough as the works of D. Saliba, A. M. Goichon, or L. Gardet, but it is probably the best essay in English on this important thinker of the Middle Ages. (Julius R. Weinberg, ''The Philosophical Review'', Vol. 69, No. 2, Apr. 1960, pp.&amp;nbsp;255–259)
* {{cite book
  | title = Avicenna
  | url = https://archive.org/details/avicenna00good
  | first = Lenn E.
  | last = Goodman
  | authorlink = Lenn Evan Goodman
  | year = 2006
  | publisher = Cornell University Press
  | edition = Updated
  | isbn = 0-415-01929-X
  | ref = harv
  }}
** This is a distinguished work which stands out from, and above, many of the books and articles which have ben written in this century on Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) (A.D. 980&amp;ndash;1037). It has two main features on which its distinction as a major contribution to Avicennan studies may be said to rest: the first is its clarity and readability; the second is the comparative approach adopted by the author [...]. (Ian Richard Netton, ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', Third Series, Vol. 4, No. 2, July 1994, pp.&amp;nbsp;263&amp;ndash;264)
* {{Cite journal| volume = 5-6| pages = pp. 323–36| last = Gutas| first = Dimitri| title = Avicenna's maḏhab, with an Appendix on the question of his date of birth| journal = Quaderni di Studi Arabi| year = 1987}}
* Y. T. Langermann (ed.), ''Avicenna and his Legacy. A Golden Age of Science and Philosophy'', Brepols Publishers, 2010, ISBN 978-2-503-52753-6
* For a new understanding of his early career, based on a newly discovered text, see also: Michot, Yahya, ''Ibn Sînâ: Lettre au vizir Abû Sa'd''. ''Editio princeps'' d'après le manuscrit de Bursa, traduction de l'arabe, introduction, notes et lexique (Beirut-Paris: Albouraq, 2000) ISBN 2-84161-150-7.
* {{cite book
   | title = Avicenna
   | language = German
   | first = Gotthard
   | last = Strohmaier
   | authorlink = Gotthard Strohmaier
   | publisher = Beck C. H.
   | year = 2006
   | isbn = 3-406-54134-8
  }}
** This German publication is both one of the most comprehensive general introductions to the life and works of the philosopher and physician Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037) and an extensive and careful survey of his contribution to the history of science. Its author is a renowned expert in Greek and Arabic medicine who has paid considerable attention to Avicenna in his recent studies [...]. (Amos Bertolacci, ''Isis'', Vol. 96, No. 4, December 2005, p.&amp;nbsp;649)

*{{cite book|author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|title=Resalah Judiya of Ibn Sina (First edition 1971), Literary Research Unit, CCRIH, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Aligarh]]; (Second edition 1981) Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Govt. of India, New Delhi; (Fourth edition 1999), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Govt. of India, New Delhi}}
*{{cite book|author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|title=AI-Advia al-Qalbia of Ibn Sina|year = 1996 |publisher= Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh}}
*{{cite book|author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|title=Ilmul Amraz of Ibn Sina (First edition 1969), Tibbi Academy, Delhi (Second edition 1990), (Third edition 1994), Tibbi Academy, Aligarh}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|title=Qanoon lbn Sina Aur Uskey Shareheen wa Mutarjemeen|year = 1986 |publisher= Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh}}
*{{Citation|publisher = Pablīkeshan Dīvīzan, Muslim Yūnīvarsiṭī|publication-place = ʻAlīgaṛh|author = Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL1374509M/Qānūn-i_ibn-i_Sīnā_aur_us_ke_shārḥīn_va_mutarajimīn|title = Qānūn-i ibn-i Sīnā aur us ke shārḥīn va mutarajimīn|publication-date = 1986}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman|title=Qanun Ibn Sina and its Translation and Commentators (Persian Translation; 203pp)|year = 2004 |publisher= Society for the Appreciation of Cultural Works and Dignitaries, Tehran, Iran}}
* Shaikh al Rais Ibn Sina (Special number) 1958-59, Ed. Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Tibbia College Magazine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, [[India]].

=== Medisina ===
* [[Edward Granville Browne|Edward G. Browne]], ''Islamic Medicine'', 2002, Goodword Pub., ISBN 81-87570-19-9
* [[Sprengel]], ''Histoire de la Medicine'' (1815){{Page needed|date=June 2011}}

=== Pilosopiya ===
* Amos Bertolacci, ''The Reception of Aristotle's Metaphysics in Avicenna's Kitab al-Sifa'. A Milestone of Western Metaphysical Thought'' (Leiden: Brill 2006)
* [[Dimitri Gutas]], ''Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicenna's Philosophical Works'' (Leiden: Brill 1988)
* Michot, Jean R., ''La destinée de l'homme selon Avicenne'' (Louvain: Aedibus Peeters, 1986) ISBN 978-90-6831-071-9. {{Language icon|fr}}
* [[Nader El-Bizri]], ''The Phenomenological Quest between Avicenna and Heidegger'' (Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications SUNY, 2000)
* Nader El-Bizri, &quot;Avicenna and Essentialism,&quot; ''Review of Metaphysics'', Vol. 54 (June 2001), pp.&amp;nbsp;753–778
* Nader El-Bizri, &quot;Avicenna's ''De Anima'' between Aristotle and Husserl,&quot; in ''The Passions of the Soul in the Metamorphosis of Becoming'', ed. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), pp.&amp;nbsp;67–89
* Nader El-Bizri, &quot;Being and Necessity: A Phenomenological Investigation of Avicenna's Metaphysics and Cosmology,&quot; in ''Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology on the Perennial Issue of Microcosm and Macrocosm'', ed. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006), pp.&amp;nbsp;243–261
* [[Reisman, David C.]] (ed.), &quot;Before and After Avicenna: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Avicenna Study Group&quot; (Leiden: Brill 2003)
{{refend}}

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
* [http://www.ontology.co/avicenna.htm Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) on the Subject and the Object of Metaphysics] with a list of translations of the logical and philosophical works and an annotated bibliography
{{Commonscat|Avicenna}}
*{{In Our Time|Avicenna|b00855lt|Avicenna}}
*[http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//03Medieval/IbnSina/ Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516184153/http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//03Medieval/IbnSina/ |date=2012-05-16 }} High resolution images of works by Avicenna in .jpg and .tiff format.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avicenna}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 980]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1037]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]
[[Kaarangay:Medisina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thomas Edison</title>
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      <text bytes="9281" sha1="jq4gm45mh3ytbaj9q8xsneztq8gt7y1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name        = Thomas Edison 
| image       = Thomas_Edison2.jpg
| imagesize   = 220px
| caption     = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;&gt;&quot;Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;– Thomas Alva Edison, [[Harper's Magazine|Harper's Monthly]] (September 1932 edition)&lt;/div&gt;
| birth_name  = Thomas Alva Edison 
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1847|02|11}} 
| birth_place = [[Milan, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1931|10|18|1847|02|11}}
| death_place = [[West Orange, New Jersey]], U.S.
| occupation  = Inventor, businessman
| education   = School dropout
| nationality = [[American people|American]] 
| spouse      = {{marriage|Mary Stilwell |1871|1884}}&lt;br /&gt;{{marriage|Mina Miller |1886|1931}}
| religion    = [[Deism|Deist]]
| partner     = 
| children    = Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965)&lt;br /&gt;Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935)&lt;br /&gt;William Leslie Edison (1878–1937)&lt;br /&gt;[[Madeleine Edison]] (1888–1979)&lt;br /&gt;[[Charles Edison]] (1890–1969)&lt;br /&gt;[[Theodore Miller Edison]] (1898–1992) | parents =Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896)&lt;br /&gt;Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871)
| relatives   = [[Lewis Miller (philanthropist)|Lewis Miller]] (father-in-law)
| signature   = Thomas Alva Edison Signature.svg
| website     =
| footnotes   =
}} 
[[File:A day with Thomas A. Edison.webm|thumb|thumbtime=1|upright=1.1|''A Day with Thomas Edison'' (1922)]]
Hi '''Thomas Alva Edison''' (Pebrero 11, 1847 – Oktubre 18, 1931) usa nga amerikano nga imbentor, syentipiko, ngan negosyante nga naghimo hin mga butang nga dako it impluwensya ha kinabuhi ha bug-os nga kalibutan upon an phonograpo ngan bumbilya.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpiya ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Florida Life of Thomas Edison |url=https://archive.org/details/floridalifeoftho0000albi |first=Michele Wehrwein. |last=Albion|year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8130-3259-7 |publisher=University Press of Florida |location=Gainesville}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Search for Thomas Edison's Boyhood Home |first=Glen J. |last=Adams |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4116-1361-4}}
* {{Cite book |first=Ernst |last=Angel |title=Edison. Sein Leben und Erfinden |location=Berlin |publisher=Ernst Angel Verlag |year=1926}}
* {{Cite book |title=Edison: Inventing the Century |url=https://archive.org/details/edisoninventingc0000bald |first=Neil |last=Baldwin |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-226-03571-0}}
* {{Cite book |title=Edison: The man who made the future |url=https://archive.org/details/edisonmanwhomade0000clar_n1x4 |first=Ronald William |last=Clark |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-354-04093-8 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's |location=London: Macdonald &amp; Jane's}}
* {{Cite book |title=A Streak of Luck |url=https://archive.org/details/streakofluckcono00cono |first=Robert |last=Conot |publisher=Seaview Books |location=New York |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87223-521-2}}
* {{Cite book |title=Fleet Fire: Thomas Edison and the Pioneers of the Electric Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/billionaireshell00davi |first=L. J.|last=Davis |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-385-47927-1}}
* {{Cite book |title=Edison and the Electric Chair |url=https://archive.org/details/boltoffate0000tuck |first=Mark |last=Essig |isbn=978-0-7509-3680-4 |year=2004 |publisher=Sutton |location=Stroud}}
* {{Cite book |first=Mark |last=Essig |title=Edison &amp; the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death |url=https://archive.org/details/edisonelectricch0000essi |location=New York |publisher=Walker &amp; Company |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8027-1406-0}}
* {{Cite book |first=Paul |last=Israel |title=Edison: A Life of Invention |url=https://archive.org/details/edisonlifeofinve0000isra_l4c0 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-471-52942-2}}
* {{Cite book |first=Jill |last=Jonnes |title=Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World |url=https://archive.org/details/empiresoflighted00jonn |location= New York |publisher=Random House |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-375-50739-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Josephson |first=Matthew |title=Edison |url=https://archive.org/details/edisonbiography00jose |year=1959 |publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=978-0-07-033046-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Koenigsberg |first=Allen |title=Edison Cylinder Records, 1889-1912 |year=1987 |publisher=APM Press |isbn=0-937612-07-3}}
* {{Cite book |title=Working at Inventing: Thomas A. Edison and the Menlo Park Experience |author=Pretzer, William S. (ed). |publisher=Henry Ford Museum &amp; Greenfield Village |location=Dearborn, Michigan |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-933728-33-2}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/wizardofmenlopar0000stro |first=Randall E. |last=Stross |publisher=Crown |year=2007 |isbn=1-4000-4762-5}}
{{Refend}}

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{commons}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikisource|Author:Thomas Edison}}

;Mga lokasyon
* [http://www.menloparkmuseum.com/ Menlo Park Museum and Edison Memorial Tower] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601215151/http://www.menloparkmuseum.com/ |date=2007-06-01 }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/edis/index.htm Thomas Edison National Historical Park] (National Park Service)
* [http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/edison/ Edison exhibit and Menlo Park Laboratory at Henry Ford Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424080435/http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/edison/ |date=2006-04-24 }}
* [http://www.edisonmuseum.org/ Edison Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124144352/http://www.edisonmuseum.org/ |date=2010-11-24 }}
* [http://www.phmuseum.org/depot/depot.htm Edison Depot Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021007230636/http://phmuseum.org/depot/depot.htm |date=2002-10-07 }}
* [http://www.tomedison.org/ Edison Birthplace Museum]
* [http://www.edisonhouse.org/ Thomas Edison House]

;Impormasyon nga medya
* {{In Our Time|Thomas Edison|b00wdjr8|Thomas_Edison}}
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=KgwY2SdRJ_4 Interview with Thomas Edison in 1931]
* [http://ariwatch.com/VS/TheDiaryOfThomasEdison.htm The Diary of Thomas Edison]
* {{gutenberg author| id=Thomas+A.+Edison | name=Thomas Edison}}
* [http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/thomas_edison_patent.html Edison's patent application for the light bulb] at the National Archives.
* {{IMDb name|id=0249379|name=Thomas Edison}}
* [http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/dayintech_0104? January 4, 1903: Edison Fries an Elephant to Prove His Point] – [[Wired (magazine)|''Wired'']] article about Edison's &quot;macabre form of a series of animal electrocutions using AC.&quot;
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/25edison/25edison.htm ''The Invention Factory: Thomas Edison's Laboratories'']
* {{Gutenberg|no=820|name=Edison, His Life and Inventions ''by Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin''}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.49442|name=&quot;Story of Thomas Alva Edison&quot;}}
* [http://edison.rutgers.edu/ Rutgers: Edison Papers]
* [http://www.edisonian.com/ Edisonian Museum Antique Electrics]
* &quot;[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/ Edison's Miracle of Light] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204032415/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/ |date=2016-12-04 }}&quot;
* [http://www.thomasedison.org Edison Innovation Foundation] – [[Non-profit foundation]] supporting the legacy of Thomas Edison.
* {{Find a Grave|grid=1630|name=Thomas Alva Edison}}
* [http://www.hfha.org/HenryFord.htm#Ford-Edison-Firestone-Burroughs The Illustrious Vagabonds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221063324/http://www.hfha.org/HenryFord.htm#Ford-Edison-Firestone-Burroughs |date=2010-12-21 }}
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=vuQDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA614&amp;dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=sZj0TNiVFcPXngeTp8W2CQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=Popular%20Mechanics%201931%20curtiss&amp;f=true &quot;The World's Greatest Inventor&quot;, October 1931, Popular Mechanics] detailed, illustrated article
* 14 minutes &quot;instructional&quot; film with fictional elements [https://archive.org/details/filmcollectief-01-661 The boyhood of Thomas Edison] from 1964, produced by Coronet, published by ''archive.org''
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/63449-1/Neil+Baldwin.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Neil Baldwin on ''Edison: Inventing the Century'', March 19, 1995.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616004804/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/63449-1/Neil+Baldwin.aspx |date=June 16, 2012 }}
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/178806-1/Jill+Jonnes.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Jill Jonnes on ''Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse and the Race to Electrify the World'', October 26, 2003.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115122520/http://booknotes.org/Watch/178806-1/Jill+Jonnes.aspx |date=November 15, 2011 }}
* {{YouTube|id=IfFIeUgt_7Q|title=&quot;A Day with Thomas A. Edison&quot; - 1922 - A rare and great documentary silent film}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Edison, Thomas}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1847]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1931]]
[[Kaarangay:Thomas Edison| ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Louis Pasteur</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="5574" sha1="0xqc9bnwc2rynkd3trlzgepg2ho67qa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist 
| name              = Louis  Pasteur  
| image             = Louis Pasteur by Pierre Lamy Petit.jpg
| caption           = Louis Pasteur photographed by Pierre Lamy Petit
| quotation         = In the fields f observation, chance favors only the prepared mind.
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1822|12|27|mf=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Dole, Jura]], [[Franche-Comté]], France
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1895|9|28|1822|12|27|mf=y}}
| death_place       = [[Marnes-la-Coquette]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]], France
| residence         = France 
| nationality       = [[French people|French]]
| fields            = [[Chemistry]]&lt;br&gt;[[Microbiology]]
| workplaces        = [[Dijon Lycée]]&lt;br&gt;[[University of Strasbourg]]&lt;br&gt;[[Université Lille Nord de France]]&lt;br&gt;[[École normale supérieure]]
| alma_mater        = [[École normale supérieure]]&lt;br&gt;[[Conservatoire national des arts et métiers]]
| notable_students  = [[Charles Friedel]]&lt;ref&gt;Asimov, ''[[Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology]]'' 2nd Revised edition&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion          = [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| signature         = Louis Pasteur Signature.svg 
}}

Hi '''Louis Pasteur''' (Disyembre 27 1822 – Setyembre 28 1895) hya an usa ka Franses nga microbiolohista ngan kemika. Hya ngan iya asawa, Marie, naging kilala tungod han ira pagexperimento nga nagsusuporta han teyoriya han kagaw ha mga sakit. Naging kilala liwat hiya ha iya mga bakuna labi na an gisyasyahani nga bakuna para ha rabis. Damo an iya nahalikwat ha kalibutan han kemika labi na an asemetiya o pagkakaiba han itsura han mga kristal. Kilala liwat hiya ha paghimo hin paagi para diri magpan-os ngan magaslum dayon an gatas ngan vino. Ini nga pamaagi tinatawag nga pasteurizasyon.


==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Debré |first=P. |author2=E. Forster |title=Louis Pasteur |year=1998 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=0-8018-5808-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Duclaux |first=E.Translated by Erwin F. Smith and Florence Hedges |title=Louis Pasteur: The History of a Mind |url=https://archive.org/details/pasteurhistoryof00ducluoft |year=1920 |publisher=W. B. Saunders Company |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |asin= B001RV90WA}}
* {{cite book |last=Geison |first=Gerald L. |title=The Private Science of Louis Pasteur |url=https://archive.org/details/privatescienceof0000geis |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=0-691-03442-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Latour |first=Bruno |title=The Pasteurization of France |url=https://archive.org/details/pasteurizationof0000lato |year=1988 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Boston |isbn=0-674-65761-6 }}
* Reynolds, Moira Davison. '' How Pasteur Changed History: The Story of Louis Pasteur and the Pasteur Institute'' (1994)
* {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Roger L. |title=Gaslight and Shadow: The World of Napoleon III, 1851–1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/gaslightandshado006960mbp |year=1957 |publisher=Macmillan Company |location=NY |isbn=0-8371-9821-6 }}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commonscat|Louis Pasteur}}
* [http://www.pasteur.fr/english.html The Institut Pasteur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804172742/http://www.pasteur.fr/english.html |date=2004-08-04 }} – Foundation Dedicated to the prevention and treatment of diseases through biological research, education and public health activities
* [http://www.pasteurfoundation.org The Pasteur Foundation] – A US nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the mission of the [[Institut Pasteur]] in Paris. Full archive of newsletters available online containing examples of US Tributes to Louis Pasteur.
* [http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cphl/history/articles/pasteur.htm Pasteur's Papers on the Germ Theory]
* [http://www.pasteurbrewing.com The Life and Work of Louis Pasteur], Pasteur Brewing
* [http://php.pasteur.net/index.php?newlang=english The Pasteur Galaxy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407182558/http://php.pasteur.net/index.php?newlang=english |date=2008-04-07 }}
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm Louis Pasteur featured on the 5 French Franc banknote from 1966.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416151301/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm |date=2009-04-16 }}
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878pasteur-germ.html Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery, 1878] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915135641/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878pasteur-germ.html |date=2014-09-15 }}
*[http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.html Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)] profile, AccessExcellence.org

An kinabug-osan nga binuhat ni Pasteur, BNF (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
* {{PDF|[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7356c Pasteur Œuvre tome 1 – Dissymétrie moléculaire]}} {{fr icon}}
* {{PDF|[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7357p Pasteur Œuvre tome 2 – Fermentations et générations dites spontanées]}} {{fr icon}}
* [http://math-doc.ujf-grenoble.fr/RBSM/cr-gallica.html ''Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311021045/http://math-doc.ujf-grenoble.fr/RBSM/cr-gallica.html |date=2014-03-11 }} Articles published by Pasteur {{fr icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pasteur, Louis}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1822]]
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  <page>
    <title>James Watt</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="8494" sha1="khqsk38gkgmg35lxuzc9gm5iln7hx46" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
|name              = James Watt
|image             = Watt James von Breda.jpg
|image_size        = 220px
|caption           = Portrait of James Watt (1736-1819)&lt;br /&gt;by [[Carl Frederik von Breda]]
|birth_date        = {{birth date|df=yes|1736|1|19}}
|birth_place       = [[Greenock]], [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]], Scotland
|death_date        = {{Death date and age|1819|8|25|1736|1|19|df=y}}&lt;ref name=deathdate&gt;Although a number of otherwise reputable sources give his date of death as 19 August 1819, all contemporary accounts report him dying on 25 August and being buried on 2 September. The date 19 August originates from the biography ''The Life of James Watt'' (1858, p. 521) by James Patrick Muirhead. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy from the fact that Muirhead was a nephew of Watt and therefore should have been well-informed. In the Muirhead papers, the 25 August date is mentioned elsewhere. The latter date is also given in contemporary newspaper reports (for example, page 3 of ''[[The Times]]'' of 28 August) as well as by an abstract of and codicil to Watt's last will. (In the pertinent burial register of St. Mary’s Church (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date of death is not mentioned.)&lt;/ref&gt;
|death_place       = [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[Birmingham]], England
|residence         = [[Glasgow]] then [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], Great Britain
|nationality       = [[Scottish people|Scottish]] 
|citizenship       = [[Kingdom of Great Britain|United Kingdom]] 
|fields            = [[Mechanical engineer]] 
|workplaces        = [[University of Glasgow]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Boulton and Watt]]
|alma_mater        = 
|doctoral_advisor  = 
|academic_advisors = 
|doctoral_students = 
|notable_students  = 
|known_for         = [[Steam engine|Improving the steam engine]]
|author_abbrev_bot = 
|author_abbrev_zoo = 
|influences        = 
|influenced        = 
|awards            = 
|religion          = [[Church of Scotland]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Carnegie|first=Andrew|title=James Watt|publisher=The Minerva Group, Inc.|page=215|isbn=0-89875-578-6, 9780898755787|url=http://www.jameswatt.info/andrew-carnegie/9-watt-in-old-age.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|signature         =  James Watt Signature.svg
|footnotes         = 
}}

Hi '''James Watt''' (19 Enero 1736 – 25 Agosto 1819) hya an usa ka scotano nga imbentor ngan inhenyero mekanikal ngan an pagpaupay han [[de asu nga makina]] naghatag hin dagko nga pagbabag-o mahitungod han Rebolusyon Industyal ha Ginhadian han Gran Britanya ngan ha kalibutan.

[[File:Loughborough Beam Engine - geograph.org.uk - 2734519.jpg|thumb]]

==Mga kasarigan==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliograpiya==
*&quot;Some Unpublished Letters of James Watt&quot; in ''Journal of [[Institution of Mechanical Engineers]]'' (London, 1915).
*[[Andrew Carnegie|Carnegie, Andrew]], ''James Watt'' University Press of the Pacific (2001)   (Reprinted from the 1913 ed.),  ISBN 0-89875-578-6.
* {{cite book | author = Dickinson, H. W. | title = James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer | year = 1935 | location = | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = }}
* H. W. Dickinson and [[Hugh Pembroke Vowles]]  ''James Watt and the Industrial Revolution'' (published in 1943, new edition 1948 and reprinted in 1949.  Also published in Spanish and Portuguese (1944) by the [[British Council]])
*Hills, Rev. Dr. Richard L., ''James Watt, Vol 1, His time in Scotland, 1736-1774'' (2002); Vol 2, ''The years of toil, 1775-1785''; Vol 3 ''Triumph through adversity 1785-1819.''  Landmark Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1-84306-045-0.
* {{cite book | author = Hulse David K. | title = The early development of the steam engine | year = 1999 | publisher = TEE Publishing | location = Leamington Spa, UK | isbn = 1-85761-107-1 | pages = 127–152}}
* {{cite book | author = Hulse David K. | title = The development of rotary motion by steam power | url = https://archive.org/details/developmentofrot0000davi | publisher = TEE Publishing Ltd. | location = Leamington, UK | year = 2001 | isbn = 1-85761-119-5}}
*Marsden, Ben. ''Watt's Perfect Engine'' Columbia University Press (New York, 2002) ISBN 0-231-13172-0.
*Thomas H. Marshall (1925), ''James Watt'', [http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/chapter3.html Chapter 3: Mathematical Instrument Maker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221105312/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ |date=2005-12-21 }}, from [http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam Steam Engine Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212142412/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/ |date=2005-12-12 }} of [[University of Rochester]] Department of History.
*Thomas H. Marshall (1925) [http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ ''James Watt''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221105312/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ |date=2005-12-21 }}, [[University of Rochester]] Department of History.
* {{cite book | author = Muirhead, James Patrick | title = Origin and Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt | publisher = John Murray | location = London | year = 1854 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=9lspAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Origin+and+Progress+of+the+Mechanical+Inventions+of+James+Watt.}}
* {{cite book | author = Muirhead, James Patrick | title = The Life of James Watt | publisher = John Murray | location = London | year = 1858 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=zUE6AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=The+life+of+James+Watt+with+selections+from+his+correspondence}}
*Roll, Erich (1930). ''An Early Experiment in Industrial Organisation : being a History of the Firm of Boulton &amp; Watt.'' 1775-1805. Longmans, Green and Co.
*[[Samuel Smiles]], ''Lives of the Engineers'', (London, 1861–62, new edition, five volumes, 1905).

;Nahihisumpay nga mga himangrawon
* {{cite book | author = Schofield, Robert E. | title = The Lunar Society, A Social History of Provincial Science and Industry in Eighteenth Century England | year = 1963 | location = | publisher = Clarendon Press | isbn = }}
* {{cite book | author = Uglow, Jenny | authorlink = Jenny Uglow | title = The Lunar Men | url = https://archive.org/details/lunarmenfivefrie00uglo | year = 2002 | location = London | publisher = Farrar, Straus and Giroux | isbn = }}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commonscat|James Watt}}
*[http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ James Watt by Andrew Carnegie (1905)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222003739/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ |date=2005-12-22 }}
*[http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ James Watt by Thomas H. Marshall (1925)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221105312/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ |date=2005-12-21 }}
*[http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?c=Page&amp;childpagename=Lib-Central-Archives-and-Heritage%2FPageLayout&amp;cid=1223092751138&amp;pagename=BCC%2FCommon%2FWrapper%2FWrapper Archives of Soho] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031120629/http://birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?c=Page&amp;childpagename=Lib-Central-Archives-and-Heritage%2FPageLayout&amp;cid=1223092751138&amp;pagename=BCC%2FCommon%2FWrapper%2FWrapper |date=2011-10-31 }} at Birmingham Central Library.
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml BBC History: James Watt]
*[http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm Revolutionary Players website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308154827/http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm |date=2006-03-08 }}
*[http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&amp;dsqApp=Archive&amp;dsqDb=Catalog&amp;dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&amp;dsqSearch=(RefNo='ad1583') Cornwall Record Office Boulton and Watt letters]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106174825/http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&amp;dsqApp=Archive&amp;dsqDb=Catalog&amp;dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&amp;dsqSearch=%28RefNo%3D%27ad1583%27%29 |date=2017-11-06 }}
*[http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/james_watt.htm Significant Scots - James Watt]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ch8.html|title=Chapter 8: The Record of the Steam Engine|publisher=www.history.rochester.edu|accessdate=2009-07-06|archive-date=2009-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708035056/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ch8.html|url-status=dead}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Watt, James}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1736]]
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  <page>
    <title>René Descartes</title>
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      <text bytes="13957" sha1="gska3scblkce65qe2ktzicn12jne0vg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
| region           = Western Philosophy
| era              = [[17th-century philosophy]]
| color            = #B0C4DE
| image            = Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg
| image_size       = 245px
| caption          = Portrait after [[Frans Hals]], 1648&lt;ref&gt;Russell Shorto. ''Descartes' Bones.'' (Doubleday, 2008) p. 218; see also The Louvre, Atlas Database, http://cartelen.louvre.fr&lt;/ref&gt;
| name             = René Descartes
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1596|03|31}}
| birth_place      = [[La Haye en Touraine]], Touraine (present-day [[Descartes, Indre-et-Loire|Descartes]], Indre-et-Loire), [[Kingdom of France|France]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1650|2|11|1596|03|31}}
| death_place      = [[Stockholm]], [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]]
| nationality      = [[French people|French]]  
| school_tradition = [[Cartesianism]], [[Rationalism]], [[Foundationalism]]
| religion         = Roman Catholic&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04744b.htm |title=René Descartes |publisher=Newadvent.org |date= |accessdate=2012-05-30 |quote=...preferred to avoid all collision with ecclesiastical authority.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| main_interests   = [[Metaphysics]], [[Epistemology]], [[Mathematics]]
| influences       = [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Ibn al-Haytham|Alhazen]],
[[Ghazali]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Marenbon |first=John |authorlink=John Marenbon |title=Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction |page=174 |publisher=[[Routledge]] | date = 2007 |url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415281133/ |ISBN=978-0-415-28112-6}} ISBN 978-0-415-28113-3&lt;/ref&gt; [[Averroes]], [[Avicenna]], [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], [[St. Augustine]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]], [[William of Ockham|Ockham]], [[Francisco Suárez|Suarez]], [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]], [[Sextus Empiricus]], [[Michel de Montaigne]], [[Duns Scotus]] {{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}
| influenced = Most philosophers after including: [[Michel Aflaq|Aflaq]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], [[Antoine Arnauld|Arnauld]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[Henry More|More]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Léon Brunschvicg|Brunschvicg]], [[Slavoj Žižek|Žižek]], [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky]], [[Jason Stanley|Stanley]], [[Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop]], [[Émile Durkheim|Durkheim]]
| notable_ideas    = [[Cogito ergo sum]], [[Methodic Doubt|method of doubt]], [[Cartesian coordinate system]], [[Cartesian dualism]], [[ontological argument]] for the existence of Christian God; [[Folium of Descartes]]
| signature        = Firma Descartes.svg
}}

Hi '''René Descartes''' (31 Marso 1596 – 11 Pebrero 1650), agsob liwat tawagon nga Renatus Cartesius (Linatin), usa hya nga Franses nga pilosopo, matematiko, syentipiko ngan manunurat nga nag-ukoy haros han iya kalagas nga kinabuhi ha [[Nederlandes]]. Ginagnayan hiya nga &quot;Amay han Kabag-ohan nga Pilosoiya&quot; ngan kadam-an han Katundan nga pilosopiya, mga baton ha iya mga sinurat, nga kutob yana tim-os nga ginaadman.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

=== Tinirok nga binuhatan ===
{{refbegin}}
*1983. ''Oeuvres de Descartes'' in 11 vols. Adam, Charles, and Tannery, Paul, eds. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. This work is traditionally cited with the initials ''AT'' (for Adam and Tannery) followed by a volume number in Roman numerals; thus ''ATVII'' refers to ''Oeuvres de Descartes'' volume 7.

=== Tinirok nga Iningles nga paghubad ===
*1955. ''The Philosophical Works'', E.S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross, trans. Dover Publications. This work is traditionally cited with the initials ''HR'' (for Haldane and Ross) followed by a volume number in Roman numerals; thus ''HRII'' refers to volume 2 of this edition.
*1988. ''The Philosophical Writings Of Descartes'' in 3 vols. Cottingham, J., Stoothoff, R., Kenny, A., and Murdoch, D., trans. Cambridge University Press.

=== Uusa nga binuhatan ===
[[File:Principia philosophiae.tif|thumb|''Principia philosophiae'', 1685]]
*1618. ''Compendium Musicae''.
*1628. ''[[Rules for the Direction of the Mind]]''.
*1637. ''[[Discourse on the Method]]'' (&quot;Discours de la Methode&quot;). An introduction to ''Dioptrique'', ''Des Météores'' and ''La Géométrie''. Original in French, because intended for a wider public.
*1637. ''[[La Géométrie]]''. Smith, David E., and Lantham, M. L., trans., 1954. ''The Geometry of René Descartes''. Dover.
*1641. ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]''. Cottingham, J., trans., 1996. Cambridge University Press. Latin original. Alternative English title: ''Metaphysical Meditations''. Includes six ''Objections and Replies''. A second edition published the following year, includes an additional ''Objection and Reply'' and a ''Letter to Dinet''. [http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/intro.html HTML Online Latin-French-English Edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827231748/http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/intro.html |date=2006-08-27 }}
*1644. ''Les Principes de la philosophie''. Miller, V. R. and R. P., trans., 1983. ''Principles of Philosophy''. Reidel.
*1647. ''Comments on a Certain Broadsheet''.
*1647. ''[[The Description of the Human Body]]''.
*1648. ''Conversation with Burman''.
*1649. ''[[Passions of the Soul]]''. Voss, S. H., trans., 1989. Indianapolis: Hackett. Dedicated to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia.

=== Sekondarya nga literatura ===
*{{cite book|last=Boyer|first=Carl|date=1985|title=A History of Mathematics|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema0000boye|location=Princeton, NJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-02391-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Carriero|first=John| date = 2008|title=Between Two Worlds|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-13561-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Clarke|first=Desmond|authorlink=Desmond Clarke| date = 2006|title=Descartes: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/descartesbiograp0000clar|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-82301-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Costabel|first=Pierre| date = 1987|title=René Descartes – Exercices pour les éléments des solides |location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|isbn=2-13-040099-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Cottingham|first=John | date = 1992|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-36696-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Duncan|first=Steven M.| date = 2008|title=The Proof of the External World: Cartesian Theism and the Possibility of Knowledge|location=Cambridge |publisher=James Clarke &amp; Co|id=ISBN 978-0-227-17267-4 http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/jc/titles/proofew.htm}}
*Farrell, John. &quot;Demons of Descartes and Hobbes.&quot; ''Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau'' (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter 7.
*{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|date=1992|title=Descartes'  Metaphysical Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/descartesmetaphy0000garb|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-28219-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|coauthors=Michael Ayers|date=1998|title=The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0001unse_w9c8|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-53721-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Gaukroger|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Gaukroger|date=1995|title=Descartes: An Intellectual Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/descartesintelle0000gauk|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-823994-7}}
*Giuseppe Leone, [Il quarto centenario dalla nascita di Cartesio (1596)], Una &quot;ragione&quot; per l'Europa Unita, in &quot;Ricorditi di me...&quot;, su Lecco 2000, Aprile 1996.
*{{cite book|last=Grayling|first=A.C.|date=2005|title=Descartes: The Life and times of a Genius|url=https://archive.org/details/descarteslifetim0000gray|location=New York|publisher=Walker Publishing Co., Inc.|isbn=0-8027-1501-X}}
*Gillespie, A. (2006). Descartes' demon: A dialogical analysis of 'Meditations on First Philosophy.'[http://stir.academia.edu/documents/0011/0112/Gillespie_Descartes_demon_a_dialogical_analysis_of_meditations_on_first_philosophy.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618050955/http://stir.academia.edu/documents/0011/0112/Gillespie_Descartes_demon_a_dialogical_analysis_of_meditations_on_first_philosophy.pdf |date=2010-06-18 }} Theory &amp; Psychology, 16, 761–781.
*[[Martin Heidegger]] [1938] (2002) ''The Age of the World Picture'' in [http://books.google.com/books?id=QImd2ARqQPMC&amp;pg=PA66 ''Off the beaten track'']
*{{cite book|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|date=1968|title=Descartes|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_KS-096-056|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN}}
*{{cite book|last=Melchert|first=Norman|date=2002|title=The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/greatconversatio00norm|location=New York|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-19-517510-7}}
*Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos (Coord.), ''Descartes vivo. Ejercicios de hermenéutica cartesiana'', Anthropos, Barcelona, 2007''''
*{{cite book|last=Ozaki|first=Makoto| date = 1991|title=Kartenspiel, oder Kommentar zu den Meditationen des Herrn Descartes|location=Berlin |publisher=Klein Verlag.|isbn=3-927199-01-X}}
*Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos, ''Vindicación del cartesianismo radical'', Anthropos, Barcelona, 2010.
*{{cite book|last=Schäfer|first=Rainer| date = 2006|title=Zweifel und Sein – Der Ursprung des modernen Selbstbewusstseins in Descartes'  cogito| location=Wuerzburg|publisher=Koenigshausen&amp;Neumann|isbn= 3-8260-3202-0}}
*Serfati, M., 2005, &quot;Geometria&quot; in [[Ivor Grattan-Guinness]], ed., ''Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics''. Elsevier: 1–22.
*{{cite book|last=Sorrell|first=Tom| date = 1987|title=Descartes|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press.|isbn=0-19-287636-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Vrooman |first=Jack Rochford |title=René Descartes: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/renedescartesbio00vroo |publisher=Putnam Press |date=1970 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=Richard A. |last1=Watson |authorlink1=Richard Watson (philosopher) |title=René Descartes |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc |date=31 Marso 2012 |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/158787/Rene-Descartes |accessdate=31 Marso 2012 }}
*{{cite book|last=Naaman-Zauderer|first=Noa|date=2010|title=Descartes' Deontological Turn: Reason, Will and Virtue in the Later Writings|url=https://archive.org/details/descartesdeo_naam_2010_000_10456381|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76330-1}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|René Descartes}}

'''Bidyo'''
*[https://youtube.com/watch?v=44h9QuWcJYk ''Bernard Williams interviewed about Descartes on &quot;Men of ideas&quot;'']
* {{Find a Grave|8404}}

'''Kasahiran'''
{{Div col|cols=2}}
*[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html Detailed biography of Descartes]
*{{ws|&quot;[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/René Descartes|René Descartes]]&quot; in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}
*[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm Descartes featured on the 100 French Franc banknote from 1942.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416151301/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm |date=2009-04-16 }}
*[http://www.earlymoderntexts.com More easily readable versions of ''Meditations'', ''Objections and Replies'', ''Principles of Philosophy'', ''Discourse on the Method'', Correspondence with Princess Elisabeth, and ''Passions of the Soul''.]
*[http://www.freewebs.com/dqsdnlj/d.html 1984 John Cottingham translation of ''Meditations'' and ''Objections and Replies''.]
*[http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangfrench/20/ René Descartes (1596–1650)] Published in ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition'' (1996)
*[http://www.laphilosophie.fr/livres-de-Descartes-texte-integral.html Original texts of René Descartes in French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830120821/http://www.laphilosophie.fr/livres-de-Descartes-texte-integral.html |date=2011-08-30 }} at La Philosophie
*[http://www.archive.org/details/descartesphiloso010838mbp Descartes Philosophical Writings tr. by Norman Kemp Smith] at [[archive.org]]
*[http://www.archive.org/details/studiesincartes00smitgoog Studies in the Cartesian philosophy (1902) by Norman Kemp Smith] at [[archive.org]]
*[http://www.archive.org/details/philosophicalwor005524mbp The Philosophical Works Of Descartes Volume II (1934)] at [[archive.org]]
*{{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-61201}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Descartes, René}}
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/descarte/ René Descartes (1596—1650): Overview(IEP)]
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/descmind/ René Descartes:The Mind-Body Distinction(IEP)]
*[http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/cartesianskepticism.html Cartesian skepticism(DEP)]
{{Div col end}}
'''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'''
{{Div col|cols=2}}
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/ René Descartes]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/ Descartes' Epistemology]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ethics/ Descartes' Ethics]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/ Descartes' Life and Works]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-modal/ Descartes' Modal Metaphysics]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/ Descartes' Ontological Argument]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/ Descartes and the Pineal Gland]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-physics/ Descartes' Physics]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ideas/ Descartes' Theory of Ideas]
{{Div col end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Descartes, Rene}}
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7255" sha1="8kunr3i9r4c3ik47ylnvemk8oqwfeu9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
  &lt;!-- Philosopher Category --&gt;
|region           = [[Western philosophy]]
|era              = [[Ancient philosophy]]
|color            = #B0C4DE

  &lt;!-- Image and Caption --&gt;
|image       = Socrates Louvre.jpg
|caption    = Socrates

  &lt;!-- Information --&gt;
|name             =  
Socrates ({{lang|grc|Σωκράτης}})
|birth_date       = c. 469 / 470 BC&lt;ref name=&quot;enc1911&quot; /&gt;
|birth_place      = [[Deme]] Alopece, Athens
|death_date       = 399 BC (age approx. 71) &lt;!--PLEASE SEE TALK BEFORE CHANGING DATE--&gt;
|death_place      = Athens
|school_tradition = [[Greek philosophy|Classical Greek]]
|main_interests   = [[Epistemology]], [[ethics]]
|nationality      = [[Greeks|Greek]] 
|Influenced_by =[[Parmenides]]
|influenced       = Most subsequent [[Western philosophy]]; more specifically, [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Aristippus]], [[Antisthenes]]
|notable_ideas    = [[Socratic method]], [[irony#Socratic irony|Socratic irony]]
}}
Hi '''Sokrates''' o '''Socrates''' c. 469 BC–399 BC usa nga klasikal nga Griyego nga pilosopo. Gintatahuran hiya nga usa ha mga nagtukod han pilosopiya han katundan.

== Mga kasarigan ==
{{reflist}}

== Mga reperensya ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot; &gt;
* {{cite book
  | last = Brun
  | first = Jean
  | title = Socrate
  | publisher = Presses universitaires de France
  |date=1978 (sixth edition)
  | pages = 39–40
  | isbn = 2-13-035620-6 }} {{Language icon|fr|French}}
* Coppens, Philip, [http://www.philipcoppens.com/socrates.html &quot;Socrates, that’s the question&quot;] Feature Articles&amp;nbsp;– Biographies, PhilipCoppens.com.
* {{cite book | last = May | first = Hope | title = On Socrates | url = https://archive.org/details/onsocrates00mayh | publisher = Wadsworth | location = Belmont, California | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-534-57604-4}}
* {{cite book | last = Ong | first = Walter | title = Orality and Literacy | url = https://archive.org/details/oralityliteracyt0000ongw_z5h1 | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-415-28129-6 }}
* Kagan, Donald. The Fall of the Athenian Empire. First. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1987.
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+1.1.1 Description of Greece]''. W. H. S. Jones (translator). [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol. 1. Books I–II: ISBN 0-674-99104-4. Vol. 4. Books VIII.22–X: ISBN 0-674-99328-4.
* [[Thucydides]]; ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War|The Peloponnesian War]]''. London, J. M. Dent; New York, E. P. Dutton. 1910.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Thuc.+toc &amp;nbsp;]
* {{cite book | last = Vlastos | first = Gregory | title = Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher | url = https://archive.org/details/socratesironistm00vlas_0 | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca | year = 1991 | isbn = 0-8014-9787-6 }}

&lt;/div&gt;

== Dugang nga barasahon ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot; &gt;
* Bernas, Richard, cond. ''Socrate''. By Erik Satie. LTM/Boutique, 2006
* Bruell, C. (1994). “On Plato’s Political Philosophy”, ''Review of Politics'', 56: 261-82.
* Bruell, C. (1999). ''On the Socratic Education: An Introduction to the Shorter Platonic Dialogues'', Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
* Grube, G.M.A.(2002). &quot;Plato, Five Dialogues&quot;. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
* Hanson, V.D. (2001).  &quot;Socrates Dies at Delium, 424 B.C.&quot;, ''What If? 2'', Robert Cowley, editor, G.P. Putnam's Sons, NY.
* [[Kieran Egan (educationist)|Egan, K.]] ''[[The Educated Mind|The educated mind : how cognitive tools shape our understanding]]''. (1997) University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-19036-6 p.&amp;nbsp;137-144
* {{cite book | last = Kierkegaard | first = Søren | title = The Concept of Irony: with Constant Reference to Socrates | publisher = Indiana University Press | location = Bloomington | year = 1968 | isbn = 978-0-253-20111-9 }}
* {{cite book | last = Levinson | first = Paul | title = The Plot to Save Socrates | url = https://archive.org/details/plottosavesocrat0000levi | publisher = Tor Books | location = New York | year = 2007 | isbn = 0-7653-1197-6 }}
* Luce, J.V. (1992). ''An Introduction to Greek Philosophy'', Thames &amp; Hudson, NY.
* [[Jacques Maritain|Maritain, J.]] (1930, 1991). ''Introduction to Philosophy'', Christian Classics, Inc., Westminster, MD.
* {{cite book | last = Robinson | first = R | title = Plato's Earlier Dialectic | publisher = Clarendon Press | location = Oxford | year = 1953 | isbn = 978-0-19-824777-7 }} [http://www.ditext.com/robinson/dia2.html Ch. 2: &quot;Elenchus&quot;], [http://www.ditext.com/robinson/dia3.html Ch. 3: &quot;Elenchus: Direct and Indirect&quot;]
* Taylor, C.C.W., [[R. M. Hare|Hare, R.M.]] &amp; [[Jonathan Barnes|Barnes, J.]] (1998). ''Greek Philosophers&amp;nbsp;– Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle'',  Oxford University Press, NY.
* Taylor, C.C.W. (2001). ''Socrates: A very short introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
&lt;/div&gt;

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{Commonscat|Socrates}}
*{{In Our Time|Socrates|b007zp21|Socrates}}
*{{sep entry|socrates|Socrates|Debra Nails}}
*[http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/SOCRATES.HTM Greek Philosophy: Socrates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713223845/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/SOCRATES.HTM |date=2007-07-13 }}
*{{ws|[[Diogenes Laërtius]], [[s:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers/Book II#Socrates|''Life of Socrates'']], translated by [[Robert Drew Hicks]] (1925)}}
*[http://www.amengansie.com/sacrates.html Original Fresque of Socrates in Archaeological Museum of Ephesus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203192601/http://www.amengansie.com/sacrates.html |date=2008-12-03 }}
*[http://www.allphilosophers.com/index.html Socrates Narrates Plato's The Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117035713/http://allphilosophers.com/index.html |date=2007-11-17 }}
*[[s:Apology|Apology of Socrates]], by Plato.
*[[Project Gutenberg]] e-texts on Socrates, amongst others:
**[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=93 The Dialogues of Plato] (see also Wikipedia articles on [[:Category:Dialogues of Plato|Dialogues by Plato]])
**[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=543 The writings of Xenophon], such as the ''Memorablia'' and  ''Hellenica''.
**[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=965 The satirical plays by Aristophanes]
**[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=2747 Aristotle's writings]
**[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4683 Voltaire's ''Socrates'']
*[http://librivox.org/euthyphro-by-plato/ A free audiobook of the Socratic dialogue  ''Euthyphro''] at [http://www.librivox.org LibriVox]
*[http://www.socraticmethod.net Socratic Method Research Portal]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2808374571100926940&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true Video on Socratic method] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103712/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2808374571100926940&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true |date=2011-06-29 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Socrates}}
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[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 470 UC]]
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  <page>
    <title>Matsuo Bashō</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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| name         = Matsuo Bashō (松尾 芭蕉)
| image        =
| alt          = Usá nga istatwa ni Bashō ha Hiraizumi, Iwate
| caption      = Usá nga istatwa ni Bashō ha [[Hiraizumi, Iwate]]
| pseudonym    = Sōbō (宗房)&lt;br /&gt;Tōsē (桃青)&lt;br /&gt;Bashō (芭蕉)
| birth_name   = Matsuo Kinsaku (松尾 金作)
| birth_date   = 1644
| birth_place  = Harani ha [[Ueno, Mie|Ueno]], [[Iga Province]]
| death_date   = Nobyembre 28, 1694 (panuigon 50)
| death_place  = [[Osaka]]&lt;ref&gt;Louis Frédéric, [http://books.google.gr/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&amp;dq= ''Japan Encyclopedia''], Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 71.&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation   = Maniniday
| nationality  = [[Hapon]]es
| notableworks = ''[[Oku no Hosomichi]]''
| influenced   = [[Imagismo]], [[Beat nga Henerasyon]]; [[Robbie Basho]], [[Steffen Basho-Junghans]]
}}

Hi {{nihongo|'''Matsuo Bashō'''|松尾 芭蕉||extra=1644 – 1694}}, natawo nga {{nihongo|松尾 金作}}, nga han uná {{nihongo|'''Matsuo Chūemon Munefusa'''|松尾 忠右衛門 宗房}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | script-title=ja:松尾芭蕉 | url=http://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%89 | publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company | accessdate= 22 Nobyembre 2010 |language=Hinapon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | script-title=ja:芭蕉と伊賀上野 | url=http://www.ict.ne.jp/~basho/country/bashotoiga.html | publisher=芭蕉と伊賀 Igaueno Cable Television | accessdate=22 Nobyembre 2010 | language=ja | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110906/http://www.ict.ne.jp/~basho/country/bashotoiga.html | url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt; amo an gisikati nga maniniday han [[Edo nga panahon]] ha [[Hapon]]. Ha iya kinabuhi, ginkilala hi Bashō tungod han iya mga buhat dida han burublig nga ''[[Renku|haikai no renga]]'' nga kahimo; yanâ, katapos hin mga gatostuig nga pagkomentaryo, ginkilala hiyá nga amo an giuupayi nga maestro hin [[haiku]] (nga gintawag nga [[hokku]]) usa nga siday nga may 5-7-5 nga mga [[laton]]. An mga siday ni Matsuo Bashō kilalado ha langyaw; ngan, ha Hapon, damo han iya mga siday ginkada ha mga monumento ngan mga minat-an nga mga lugar. Bisan man kon hi Bashō kilalado ha Katundan tungod han iya hokku, hiyá ngahaw nagtuo ngan an iya gimaupayi nga buhat dida han pagdará ngan pagtambong ha [[renku]]. Ginkutlo hiyá ha pagsiríng, “Damo han mga nasunod ha akon nakasurat hin hokku hin maupay sugad ha akon. It diin hi ako nagpapakita kun hin-o gud hi ako dida hit pagsumpay hin mga garagaray nga haikai.”&lt;ref&gt;Drake, Chris. 'Bashō’s “Cricket Sequence” as English Literature', in ''Journal of Renga &amp; Renku'', Issue 2, 2012. p7&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lista hin mga buhat==
[[File:Haiseiden.jpg|thumb|Haiseiden ([[:ja:俳聖殿|俳聖殿]], Paghinumdom nga Hall hin Maniniday) ha [[Iga, Mie]], nga gintukod paghinumdom han ika-300 nga anibersaryo han pagkatawo ni Bashō.]]
[[File:Matsuo Basho - Een woedende zee - Rapenburg 75, Leiden.JPG|thumb|[[Mga siday ha bungbung ha Leiden]]: Bashō]]

* ''[[The Seashell Game|Kai Ōi]]'' (The Seashell Game) (1672)
* {{nihongo|''Edo Sangin''|江戸三吟}} (1678)
* {{nihongo|''Inaka no Kuawase''|田舎之句合}} (1680)
* {{nihongo|''Tōsei Montei Dokugin Nijū Kasen''|桃青門弟独吟廿歌仙}} (1680)
* {{nihongo|''Tokiwaya no Kuawase''|常盤屋句合}} (1680)
* {{nihongo|''Minashiguri''|虚栗||&quot;A Shriveled Chestnut&quot;}} (1683)
* ''Nozarashi Kikō'' (Record of a Weather-Exposed Skeleton) (1684)
* ''*Fuyu no Hi'' ([[Winter Days]]) (1684)
* ''Haru no Hi'' (Spring Days) (1686)*
* ''Kawazu Awase'' (Frog Contest) (1686)
* ''Kashima Kikō'' (A Visit to Kashima Shrine) (1687)
* ''Oi no Kobumi'', or ''Utatsu Kikō'' (Record of a Travel-Worn Satchel) (1688)
* ''Sarashina Kikō'' (A Visit to Sarashina Village) (1688)
* ''Arano'' (Wasteland) (1689)*
* ''Hisago'' (The Gourd) (1690)*
* {{nihongo|''[[Sarumino]]''|猿蓑||&quot;Monkey's Raincoat&quot;}} (1691)*
* ''Saga Nikki'' (Saga Diary) (1691)
* ''Bashō no Utsusu Kotoba'' (On Transplanting the Banana Tree) (1691)
* ''Heikan no Setsu'' (On Seclusion) (1692)
* ''Fukagawa Shū'' (Fukagawa  Anthology)
* ''Sumidawara'' (A Sack of Charcoal) (1694)*
* ''Betsuzashiki'' (The Detached Room) (1694)
* ''[[Oku no Hosomichi]]'' (Narrow Road to the Interior) (1694)&lt;ref&gt;Kokusai 1948, pp. 248-9&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Zoku Sarumino'' (The Monkey's Raincoat, Continued) (1698)*

===Mga paghubad ha Iningles===
* {{Cite book|author= Matsuo, Bashō|others= trans. David Landis Barnhill|title= Bashō’s Journey: Selected Literary Prose by Matsuo Bashō |url= https://archive.org/details/bashosjourneylit0000mats| date = 2005 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn= 978-0-7914-6414-4}}
* {{Cite book |author= Matsuo, Bashō|others=trans. Nobuyuki Yuasa|title=The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Other Travel Sketches|url= https://archive.org/details/narrowroadtodeep008800| date = 1966|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-044185-7|oclc=469779524}}
* {{Cite book |author= Matsuo, Bashō|others= trans. Sam Hamill |title=Narrow Road to the Interior and Other Writings|url= https://archive.org/details/narrowroadtointe0000mats| date = 2000 |location=Boston |publisher=Shambhala|isbn= 978-1-57062-716-3 }}
* {{Cite book|author= Matsuo, Bashō|others= trans. Sam Hamill |title=The Essential Bashō | date = 1999 |location=Boston | publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-1-57062-282-3}}
* {{Cite book|author= Matsuo, Bashō|others= trans. David Landis Barnhill|title=Bashō's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Bashō|url= https://archive.org/details/bashoshaikuselec0000mats| date = 2004 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn= 978-0-7914-6166-2}}
* {{Cite book|author= Matsuo, Bashō|others= trans. Donald Keene, illustrated by Masayuki Miyata|title=The Narrow Road to Oku |url= https://archive.org/details/narrowroadtookuo0000mats_m7w2| date = 1997 |location=Tokyo |publisher=Kodansha International|isbn= 978-4-7700-2028-4}}
* {{Cite book|author= Matsuo, Bashō, et al. |others= trans. Maeda Cana|title=Monkey's Raincoat |url= https://archive.org/details/monkeysraincoat0000unse_r2b8 | date = 1973 |location=New York |publisher=Grossman Publishers. SBN 670-48651-5 |isbn= 0670486515}}
* {{Cite book|author=Matsuo, Bashō |others= trans. Jane Reichhold |title=Basho: The Complete Haiku | date = 2008 |location=Tokyo |publisher=Kodansha International |isbn= 978-4-7700-3063-4}}
* {{Cite book|author=Matsuo, Bashō et al. |others= trans. Earl Miner and Hiroko Odagiri |title=The Monkey’s Straw Raincoat and Other Poetry of the Basho School |url=https://archive.org/details/monkeysstrawrain0000unse | date = 1981|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn= 978-0-691-06460-4}}
* {{Cite book|author=Matsuo, Bashō |others= trans. Lucien Stryk |title=On Love and Barley: Haiku of Basho|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.onlovebarleyhaik0001mats | date = 1985|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=978-0-14-044459-9 }}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga reperensiya==
*{{Cite journal | last = Carter| first = Steven| date = 1997|title =On a Bare Branch: Bashō and the Haikai Profession| journal =Journal of the American Oriental Society| volume = 117| issue = 1| pages = 57–69|doi =10.2307/605622 | jstor = 605622}}
* Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2014). ''Utagawa Hiroshige's 53 Stations of the Tokaido''. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. B00LM4APAI
* {{Cite book| author=Lawlor, William| title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact |location=Santa Barbara| publisher= ABC-CLIO | date = 2005 |isbn= 978-1-85109-405-9}}
*{{Cite book|author=岡村 健三 (Kenzō Okamura)|title=芭蕉と寿貞尼 (Bashō to Jutei-ni)|location=Ōsaka|publisher=芭蕉俳句会 (''Bashō Haiku Kai'')| date = 1956}}
* {{Cite book|author= Shirane, Haruo |title=Traces of Dreams: Landscape, Cultural Memory, and the Poetry of Basho|url= https://archive.org/details/tracesofdreamsla0000shir | location=Stanford, California |publisher=Stanford University Press | date = 1998|isbn= 0-8047-3099-7}}
* {{Cite book|author= Ueda, Makoto |title=The Master Haiku Poet, Matsuo Bashō|url= https://archive.org/details/matsuobasho00ueda |location=Tokyo|publisher=Kodansha International | date = 1982
|isbn= 0-87011-553-7}}
* {{Cite book|author= Ueda, Makoto |title=Matsuo Bashō |url= https://archive.org/details/matsuobasho0102ueda |location=Tokyo|publisher=Twayne Publishers| date = 1970}}
* {{Cite book|author= Ueda, Makoto |title=Bashō and His Interpreters: Selected Hokku with Commentary|url= https://archive.org/details/liang.bashohisinterpre0000mako_h9c4 | location=Stanford, California |publisher=Stanford University Press | date = 1992|isbn= 0-8047-1916-0}}
* Slawenski, Kenneth. 2010. ''J.D. Salinger: A Life''. New York: Random House, ISBN 978-1-4000-6951-4
* Takarai, Kikaku (2006). ''An Account of Our Master Basho's Last Days'', translated by Nobuyuki Yuasa in ''Springtime in Edo''. Hiroshima, Keisuisha. ISBN 4-87440-920-2
* {{Cite book|author=Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai (国際文化振興会)|title=Introduction to Classic Japanese Literature| date = 1948|publisher=Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai|location=Tokyo}}
*Matsuo, Bashō (1966). &quot;The narrow road to the Deep North&quot;, translated by Nobuyuki Yuasa. Harmondsworth, Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044185-9

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource|Author:Matsuo Bashō|Matsuo Bashō}}
{{Commons category|Matsuo Basho}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://carlsensei.com/classical/index.php/author/view/1 |title= Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉) |publisher=Classical Japanese Database | accessdate= 12 Mayo 2008}}  Mga dirudilain nga mga siday ni Bashō, ha orihinal ngan mga ginhubad
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.haikupoetshut.com/basho1.html |title=Interpretations of Bashō |publisher=Haiku Poets Hut | accessdate= 12 Mayo 2008}}  Comparison of translations by R.&amp;nbsp;H. Blyth, Lucien Stryck and Peter Beilenson of several Bashō haiku.
* {{Cite web |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/bashos-trail/bashos-trail-interactive |title=On the Poet's Trail | author= Norman, Howard |publisher=National Geographic Magazine |date= Pebrero 2008 | accessdate= 12 Mayo 2008}} Interactive Travelogue of Howard Norman's journey in Basho's footsteps, including a map of the route taken.
* {{Cite web |url=http://simplyhaiku.com/SHv4n3/features/Nobuyuki.html |title=An Account of Our Master Bashō's Last Days |publisher=Simply Haiku: A Quarterly Journal of Japanese Short Form Poetry |accessdate=29 Hunyo 2008 |archive-date=2009-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204034805/http://simplyhaiku.com/SHv4n3/features/Nobuyuki.html |url-status= }}  A translation by Nobuyuki Yuasa of an important manuscript by Takarai Kikaku, also known as Shinshi, one of Bashō’s followers.
*{{worldcat id|id=lccn-n81-14364}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/24996714/Matsuo-Bash%C5%8D-Complete-Haiku-in-Japanese |title=Matsuo Bashō - Complete Haiku in Japanese |publisher=André von Kugland | accessdate= 9 Enero 2010}}
*[http://www2.yamanashi-ken.ac.jp/~itoyo/basho/basho.htm bashoDB]
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/dr_phinaes/haikaitranslation.html |title=Phinaes' Haikai Linked Verse Translations | date = 2007 |author=Price, Sean |accessdate= 2 Nobyembre 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231213310/http://www.geocities.com/dr_phinaes/haikaitranslation.html |archivedate= 31 Disyembre 2007 |url-status=dead }} Translations of renku by Bashō and his disciples, by Sean Price.
* {{Cite web |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/bashos-trail/howard-norman-text |title=On the Poet's Trail | author= Norman, Howard |publisher=National Geographic Magazine |date= Pebrero 2008 | accessdate= 12 Mayo 2008 |authorlink= Howard Norman}} Travels along the path Matsuo Bashō followed for Oku no Hosomichi.  Photography by Mike Yamashita.
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/153737 Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art], a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this artist (see index)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Matsuo, Basho}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1644]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1694]]
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    <title>Jorge Luis Borges</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15048" sha1="8wgavs8mv3fq2lnwrp1gplvl4n6xk7j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer 
| name          = Jorge Luis Borges
| image         = Jorge Luis Borges 1951, by Grete Stern.jpg
| alt           = Jorge Luis Borges in 1951
| caption       = Borges in 1951, by Grete Stern
| language      = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| birth_name     = Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo
| birth_date     = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|8|24}}
| birth_place    = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| death_date     = {{death date and age|df=yes|1986|6|14|1899|8|24}}
| death_place    = [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]
| occupation    = Writer, poet, critic, librarian
|nationality      = [[Argentine]]
| influences    = [[Spinoza]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[G. K. Chesterton]], [[Robert Louis Stevenson|Stevenson]], [[Thomas de Quincey|De Quincey]], [[Rudyard Kipling|Kipling]], [[Miguel de Cervantes|Cervantes]], [[Luís de Camões|Camões]], [[Francisco de Quevedo|Quevedo]], [[Gustav Meyrink]], [[Jonathan Swift|Swift]], [[Franz Kafka|Kafka]], [[H. P. Lovecraft]], [[Herman Melville]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Walt Whitman]], [[William Wordsworth]], [[Victor Hugo|Hugo]], [[Paul Valéry]], [[Edgar Allan Poe|Poe]], [[Emanuel Swedenborg|Swedenborg]], [[Plato]], [[Virgil]], [[Shakespeare]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Giovanni Papini|Papini]], [[Heraclitus]], [[H. G. Wells]], [[Euclides da Cunha]], [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], [[Macedonio Fernández]], [[One Thousand and One Nights]], [[Adolfo Bioy Casares|Casares]], [[Rafael Cansinos-Assens]], [[William Blake]], [[Ambrose Bierce]]
| influenced = [[César Aira]], [[Paul Auster]], [[Ricardo Piglia]], [[Jean Baudrillard]], [[Adolfo Bioy Casares]], [[Roberto Bolaño]], [[Gabriel García Márquez]], [[Giannina Braschi]], [[Italo Calvino]], [[Julio Cortázar]], [[Philip K. Dick]], [[Umberto Eco]], [[Michel Foucault]], [[Carlos Fuentes]], [[Danilo Kis]], [[Gilles Deleuze]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Stanisław Lem]], [[Orhan Pamuk]], [[Georges Perec]], [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[José Saramago]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/bfaf51ba-e05a-11de-8494-00144feab49a.html#axzz1L3wH1OFW FT.com &quot;Small Talk: José Saramago&quot;]. &quot;Everything I’ve read has influenced me in some way. Having said that, Kafka, Borges, Gogol, Montaigne, Cervantes are constant companions.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[W. G. Sebald]], [[Enrique Vila-Matas]], [[Gene Wolfe]], [[William Gibson]], [[David Foster Wallace]], [[Mark Z. Danielewski]], [[Harlan Ellison]], [[Kyle Muntz]], [[John Barth]], [[Jeff VanderMeer]], [[Peter LaSalle]]}}
Hi '''Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo''' (24 Agosto 1899 – 14 Hunyo 1986) usa nga Arhentino nga manunurat ngan maniniday nga natawo ha [[Buenos Aires]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book | last = Agheana | first = Ion | title = The Meaning of Experience in the Prose of Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/meaningofexperie0071aghe | publisher = P. Lang | location = Frankfurt Am Main | date = 1988 | isbn = 0-8204-0595-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Agheana | first = Ion | title = The Prose of Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/proseofjorgeluis0000aghe | publisher = P. Lang | location = Frankfurt Am Main | date = 1984 | isbn = 0-8204-0130-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Aizenberg | first = Edna | title = The Aleph Weaver: Biblical, Kabbalistic and Judaic Elements in Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/alephweaverbibli0000aize | publisher = Scripta Humanistica | location = Potomac | date = 1984 | isbn = 0-916379-12-4 }}
*{{cite book | last = Aizenberg | first = Edna | title = Borges and His Successors | url = https://archive.org/details/borgeshissuccess00unse | publisher = University of Missouri Press | location = Columbia | date = 1990 | isbn = 0-8262-0712-X }}
*{{cite book | last = Alazraki | first = Jaime | title = Borges and the Kabbalah | url = https://archive.org/details/borgeskaballahot0000alaz | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | date = 1988 | isbn = 0-521-30684-1 }}
*{{cite book | last = Alazraki | first = Jaime | title = Critical Essays on Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/criticalessayson00alaz | publisher = G.K. Hall | location = Boston | date = 1987 | isbn = 0-8161-8829-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Balderston | first = Daniel | title = Out of Context | url = https://archive.org/details/outofcontext0000dani | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham | date = 1993 | isbn = 0-8223-1316-2 }}
*{{cite book | last = Barnstone | first = Willis | title = With Borges on an Ordinary Evening in Buenos Aires | url = https://archive.org/details/withborgesonordi0000barn | publisher = University of Illinois Press | location = Urbana | date = 1993 | isbn = 0-252-01888-5 }}
*{{cite book | last = Barrenechea | first = Ana María | title= Borges the Labyrinth Maker. Edited and Translated by Robert Lima | publisher = New York University Press | location = New York City | date = 1965 LC 65-10764 }}
*{{cite book | last = Bell-Villada | first = Gene | title = Borges and His Fiction | url = https://archive.org/details/borgeshisfiction0000bell | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | location = Chapel Hill | date = 1981 | isbn = 0-8078-1458-X }}
*{{cite book | last = Bioy Casares | first = Adolfo | title = Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/borges0000bioy | publisher = Destino Ediciones | location = City | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-950-732-085-9 }}
*{{cite book | last = Bloom | first = Harold | title = Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/jorgeluisborges00bloo | publisher = Chelsea House Publishers | location = New York | date = 1986 | isbn = 0-87754-721-1 }}
*{{cite book | last = Bulacio | first = Cristina | first2=Donato |last2=Grima | title = Dos Miradas sobre Borges | publisher = Ediciones de Arte Gaglianone | location = Buenos Aires | date = 1998 | isbn = 950-554-266-6 }} Illustrated by [[Donato Grima]].
*Burgin, Richard (1969) ''Jorge Luis Borges: Conversations'', Holt Rhinehart Winston
*Burgin, Richard (1998) ''Jorge Luis Borges: Conversations'', University Press of Mississippi
*{{cite book | last = De Behar | first = Block | title = Borges, the Passion of an Endless Quotation | url = https://archive.org/details/borgespassionofe0000bloc_y9s0 | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = Albany | date = 2003 | isbn = 1-4175-2020-5 }}
*{{cite book | last = Di Giovanni | first = Norman Thomas | title = The Borges Tradition | url = https://archive.org/details/borgestradition0000unse | publisher = Constable in association with the Anglo-Argentine Society | location = London | date = 1995 | isbn = 0-09-473840-8 }}
*{{cite book | last = Di Giovanni | first = Norman Thomas | title = The Lesson of the Master | url = https://archive.org/details/lessonofmasteron0000digi | publisher = Continuum | location = London | date = 2003 | isbn = 0-8264-6110-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Dunham | first = Lowell | title = The Cardinal Points of Borges | publisher = University of Oklahoma Press | location = Norman | date = 1971 | isbn = 0-8061-0983-1 }}
*{{cite book | last = Fishburn | first = Evelyn | title = Borges and Europe Revisited | publisher = Univ of London | location = City | date = 2002 | isbn = 1-900039-21-4 }}
*{{cite book | last = Frisch | first = Mark | title = You Might Be Able to Get There from Here | url = https://archive.org/details/youmightbeableto0000fris | publisher = Fairleigh Dickinson University Press | location = Madison | date = 2004 | isbn = 0-8386-4044-3 }}
*{{cite book | last = Kristal | first = Efraín | title = Invisible Work | publisher = Vanderbilt University Press | location = Nashville | date = 2002 | isbn = 0-585-40803-3 }}
*Laín Corona, Guillermo. &quot;Borges and Cervantes: Truth and Falsehood in the Narration”. ''Neophilologus'', 93 (2009): 421-37.
*Laín Corona, Guillermo. &quot;Teoría y práctica de la metáfora en torno a ''Fervor de Buenos Aires'', de Borges”. ''Cuadernos de Aleph. Revista de literatura hispánica'', 2 (2007): 79-93. http://cuadernosdealeph.com/revista_2007/A2007_pdf/06%20Teor%C3%ADa.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105024915/http://cuadernosdealeph.com/revista_2007/A2007_pdf/06%20Teor%C3%ADa.pdf |date=2012-01-05 }}
* {{cite journal | last=Lima | first=Robert | title=Borges and the Esoteric | journal=Crítica hispánica | date = 1993 | volume=15 | series=Special issue | issue=2 | accessdate=30 Marso 2014 | publisher=Duquesne University | issn=0278-7261}}
*{{cite book | last = Lindstrom | first = Naomi | title = Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/jorgeluisborgess00lind | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | date = 1990 | isbn = 0-8057-8327-X }}
*{{cite book | last = Manguel | first = Alberto | title = With Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/liang.withborges0001mang | publisher = Telegram | location = City | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-84659-005-4 }}
*Manovich, Lev,  [http://www.newmediareader.com/book_samples/nmr-intro-manovich-excerpt.pdf New Media from Borges to HTML, 2003]
*{{cite book | last = McMurray | first = George | title = Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/jorgeluisborges00mcmu | publisher = Ungar | location = New York | date = 1980 | isbn = 0-8044-2608-2 }}
*{{cite book | last = Molloy | first = Sylvia | title = Signs of Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/signsofborges00moll | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham | date = 1994 | isbn = 0-8223-1406-1 }}
* Murray, Janet H.,  [http://www.newmediareader.com/book_samples/nmr-intro-murray-excerpt.pdf Inventing the Medium, 2003]
*{{cite book | last = Núñez-Faraco | first = Humberto | title = Borges and Dante | publisher = P. Lang | location = Frankfurt Am Main | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-3-03910-511-3 }}
*{{cite book | last = Racz | first = Gregary | title = Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) as Writer and Social Critic | publisher = Edwin Mellen Press | location = Lewiston | date = 2003 | isbn = 0-7734-6904-4 }}
*{{cite book | last = Rodríguez | first = Monegal | title = Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/jorgeluisborges00rodr | publisher = Dutton | location = New York | date = 1978 | isbn = 0-525-13748-3 }}
*{{cite book | last = Rodríguez-Luis | first = Julio | title = The Contemporary Praxis of the Fantastic | url = https://archive.org/details/contemporaryprax0000rodr | publisher = Garland | location = New York | date = 1991 | isbn = 0-8153-0101-4 }}
*{{cite book | last = Sarlo | first = Beatriz | title = Jorge Luis Borges: a Writer on the Edge | publisher = Verso | location = London | date = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-84467-588-3 }}
*{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = Donald | title = Borges' Narrative Strategy | url = https://archive.org/details/borgesnarratives0000shaw | publisher = Francis Cairns | location = Liverpool | date = 1992 | isbn = 0-905205-84-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Stabb | first = Martin | title = Borges Revisited | url = https://archive.org/details/borgesrevisited00stab | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | date = 1991 | isbn = 0-8057-8263-X }}
*{{cite book | last = Sturrock | first = John | title = Paper Tigers | url = https://archive.org/details/papertigersideal0000stur | publisher = Clarendon Press | location = Oxford | date = 1977 | isbn = 0-19-815746-0 }}
*{{cite book | last = Todorov | first = Tzvetan | title = Introduction à la littérature fantastique | publisher = Seuil | location = Paris | date = 1970 }}
*{{cite book | last = Toro | first = Alfonso | title = Jorge Luis Borges | publisher = Vervuert | location = Frankfurt Am Main | date = 1999 | isbn = 3-89354-217-5 }}
*{{cite book | last = Volek | first = Emil | title = ''&quot;Aquiles y la Tortuga: Arte, imaginación y realidad según Borges&quot;. In:'' Cuatro claves para la modernidad. Analisis semiótico de textos hispánicos. | location = Madrid | date = 1984 }}
*{{cite book | last = Waisman | first = Sergio | title = Borges and Translation | publisher = Bucknell University Press | location = Lewisburg Pa. | date = 2005 | isbn = 0-8387-5592-5 }}
*{{cite book | last = Williamson | first = Edwin | title = Borges: A Life | url = https://archive.org/details/borgeslife0000will | publisher = Viking | location = New York | date = 2004 | isbn = 0-670-88579-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Wilson | first = Jason | title = Jorge Luis Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/jorgeluisborges0000wils_g4b1 | publisher = Reaktion Books | location = London | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-86189-286-7 }}
*{{cite book | last = Woscoboinik | first = Julio | title = The Secret of Borges | url = https://archive.org/details/secretofborgesps0000wosc | publisher = University Press of America | location = Washington | date = 1998 | isbn = 0-7618-1238-5 }}
*{{cite book | last = Mualem | first = Shlomy | title = Borges and Plato: A Game with Shifting Mirrors | publisher =  Iberoamericana/Vervuert | location = Madrid and Frankfurt | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-8484895954  }}

===Mga dokumentaryo===
*{{Cite video
  | people = [[Eduardo Montes-Bradley]] (Writer/Director)
  | title = [[Harto The Borges]]
  | medium = Feature Documentary
  | publisher = Patagonia Film Group, US
  | location = USA
  | date = 1999 }}
*{{Cite video | people = [[Ricardo Wullicher]] (Director) | date = 1978 | title = Borges para millones | location  = Argentina | medium = Feature Documentary }}
*{{Cite video | people = [[David Wheatley (director)|David Wheatley]] (Director) | title = Profile Of A Writer: Borges and I | url = http://ubu.com/film/borges_portrait.html | medium = Feature Documentary | publisher = ''[[Arena (TV series)|Arena]]'' | date = 1983 }}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|viaf=88919448}}
{{Sister project links|v=no|s=no|b=no|n=no|d=Q909|voy=no|species=no|mw=no}}
*{{Dmoz|Arts/Literature/Authors/B/Borges%2C_Jorge_Luis/}}
*{{OL_author|OL18928A}}
*{{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4331/the-art-of-fiction-no-39-jorge-luis-borges| title=Jorge Luis Borges, The Art of Fiction No. 39| work=Paris Review| date=Winter–Spring 1967| author=Ronald Christ }}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076182 BBC Radio 4 discussion programme] from [[In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)|''In our time'']]. (Audio 45 mins)
*[http://www.themodernword.com/borges/index.html Jorge Luis Borges at The Modern Word] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130011634/http://themodernword.com/borges/index.html |date=2010-11-30 }}
*[http://www.borges.pitt.edu/ Borges Center, University of Pittsburgh].
*[http://amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/main/ The Friends of Jorge Luis Borges Worldwide Society &amp; Associates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214061811/http://amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/main/ |date=2006-02-14 }}
* [http://www.fundacionborges.com.ar/ International Foundation Jorge Luis Borges]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borges, Jorge Luis}}
[[Kaarangay:Jorge Luis Borges| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1899]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1986]]</text>
      <sha1>8wgavs8mv3fq2lnwrp1gplvl4n6xk7j</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Linatin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17223</id>
    <revision>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="12917" sha1="hje2lz6yt6m822dyhew4n1h5pxuhslr" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Rome Colosseum inscription 2.jpg|thumb]]
An '''Linatin''' (tuminongnong nga ngaran ''lingua Latīna'') usa nga Italyano nga pinulongan nga gingagamit tikang pa han-una&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A companion to Latin studies |last=Sandys |first=John Edwin |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |pages=811–812 |location=Chicago | date = 1910}}&lt;/ref&gt; ha Latium ngan Hadto nga Roma.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}

==Mga reperensya==
*{{Cite book|title=Vox Latina – a Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin |url=https://archive.org/details/voxlatinaguideto0000alle_g6w2 |last=Allen |first=William Sidney |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-22049-1 |location=Cambridge | date = 2004}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Foundations of Latin |last=Baldi |first=Philip |publisher=[[Mouton de Gruyter]] |location=Berlin | date = 2002}}
*{{Cite book|title=Latin Grammar |url=https://archive.org/details/alatingrammar11benngoog |last=Bennett |first=Charles E. |publisher=[[Allyn &amp; Bacon]] |isbn=1-176-19706-1 |location=Chicago | date = 1908}}
*{{Cite book|title=A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, with a collection of inscriptions and a glossary |url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofoscanum00buckuoft |last=Buck |first=Carl Darling |publisher=Ginn &amp; Company |location=Boston | date = 1904}}
*{{Cite book|title=Studies in the Latin of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance |url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinlatinof00clarrich |last=Clark |first=Victor Selden |publisher=The New Era Printing Company |location=Lancaster | date = 1900}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Alphabet – a Key to the History of Mankind |url=https://archive.org/details/alphabetkeytohis0000davi_s0c6 |last=Diringer |first=David |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] Publishers Private Ltd. |isbn=81-215-0748-0 |location=New Delhi | date = 1996 |origyear=1947}}
*{{Cite book|title=Vulgar Latin |url=https://archive.org/details/vulgarlatin0000herm |last1=Herman |first1=József |last2=Wright |first2=Roger (Translator)|publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University Press]] |isbn=0-271-02000-8 |location=University Park, PA | date = 2000}}
*{{Cite book|title=A History of the French Language |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchl0000urba_d8o2 |last1=Holmes |first1=Urban Tigner |last2=Schultz |first2=Alexander Herman |publisher=Biblio-Moser |isbn=0-8196-0191-8 |location=New York | date = 1938}}
*{{Cite book|title=A Natural History of Latin |url=https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000jans_x0l7 |last=Janson |first=Tore |authorlink=Tore Janson |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-926309-4 |location=Oxford | date = 2004}}
*{{Cite book|title=A Manual of Latin Word Formation for Secondary Schools |url=https://archive.org/details/amanuallatinwor01jenkgoog |last=Jenks |first=Paul Rockwell |publisher=[[D. C. Heath and Company|D.C. Heath &amp; Co.]] |location=New York | date = 1911}}
*{{Cite book|title=Latin Grammar |last=Palmer |first=Frank Robert |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=81-206-1306-6 |location=Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England; New York City, U.S.A. | date = 1984}}
*{{Cite book|title=New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin |last=Sihler |first=Andrew L. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York | date = 2008}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Romance Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/romancelanguages0000mart |contribution=Latin |last=Vincent |first=N. |editor1-last=Harris |editor1-first=M. |editor2-last=Vincent |editor2-first=N. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-520829-3 |location=Oxford | date = 1990}}
*{{Cite book|title=Latin, or the Empire of a Sign: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries |last1=Waquet |first1=Françoise |last2=Howe |first2=John (Translator) |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=1-85984-402-2 | date = 2003}}
*{{Cite book|title=Latin: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/wheelockslatin0006whee |edition=6th |last=Wheelock |first=Frederic |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=0-06-078423-7 | date = 2005}}
*{{Cite book|title=European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages |last=Curtius |first=Ernst |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-15700-9 | date = 2013}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|display=Latin language |b=Latin |commons=Category:Latin language |d=Q397 |wikt=Latin |n=no |q=la: |s=la: |species=no |v=Latin stream |voy=Latin phrasebook}}
{{InterWiki|code=la}}

===Language tools===
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/resolveform?lang=la |title=Latin Dictionary Headword Search |work=Perseus Hopper |publisher=Tufts University}} Searches Lewis &amp; Short's ''A Latin Dictionary'' and Lewis's ''An Elementary Latin Dictionary''.
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/ |title=Online Latin Dictionary with Conjugator and Declension tool |publisher=Olivetti Media Communication}} Search online Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary with complete declension or conjugation.
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?lang=la |title=Latin Word Study Tool |work=Perseus Hopper |publisher=Tufts University}} Identifies the grammatical functions of words entered.
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/latin/ |title=Latin Inflector |last=Aversa |first=Alan |publisher=University of Arizona |access-date=2015-01-22 |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044836/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/latin/ |url-status= }} Identifies the grammatical functions of all the words in sentences entered, using Perseus.
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.verbix.com/languages/latin.shtml |title=Latin Verb Conjugator |publisher=Verbix}} Displays complete conjugations of verbs entered in first-person present singular form.
*{{Cite web |url=http://stranica.net63.net/verba_latina |title=Online Latin Verb Conjugator |access-date=2015-01-22 |archive-date=2016-05-18 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518085747/http://stranica.net63.net/verba_latina |url-status=dead }} Displays conjugation of verbs entered in their infinitive form.
*{{Cite web |url=http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe |title=Latin Words |last=Whittaker |first=William |publisher=Notre Dame Archives |access-date=2015-01-22 |archive-date=2006-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618211448/http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe |url-status=dead }} Identifies Latin words entered. Translates English words entered.
*{{Cite web|url=http://alpheios.net/ |title=Alpheios Greek and Latin Tools |publisher=[[Alpheios Project]]}} Combines dictionaries, grammars, morphological analyzers, and inflection tables in a browser addon.
*{{dmoz|Reference/Dictionaries/World_Languages/L/Latin/|Latin Dictionaries}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2sIDAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=A new abridgment of Ainsworth's Dictionary, English and Latin, for the use of Grammar Schools |last=Dymock |first=John |edition=4th |publisher=Hutchison &amp; Brookman |location=Glasgow | date = 1830}}
*[http://genedict.net/ Genedict.net], genealogic dictionary and register of historical terms

===Mga kurso===
*[http://www.tododiccionarios.com/rosetta/latin.html Online Latin Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616033041/http://www.tododiccionarios.com/rosetta/latin.html |date=2013-06-16 }}, Rosetta
*[http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Online_resources_for_Latin Online Resources for Latin], Nova Roma
*[http://learn101.org/latin.php Learn Latin Grammar, Vocabulary and audio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919182612/http://learn101.org/latin.php |date=2012-09-19 }}
*[http://frcoulter.com/latin/links.html Latin Links and Resources], Compiled by Fr. Gary Coulter
*{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/janualinguae/latin |title=Latin Language Course on YouTube and audiobooks |last=der Millner |first=Evan |authorlink=Evan der Millner |work=Latinum |publisher=Molendinarius | date = 2007 |accessdate=2 Pebrero 2012}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.cherryh.com/www/latin1.htm |title=Latin 1: the Easy Way |last=Cherryh |first=CJ |authorlink=C. J. Cherryh | date = 1999 |accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/latin/simplicissimus.pdf |title=Simplicissimus |last=Byrne |first=Carol |publisher=[[Latin Mass Society of England and Wales]] |date=1999 |accessdate=20 Abril 2011 |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044833/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/latin/simplicissimus.pdf |url-status= }} (a course in [[Ecclesiastical Latin]])
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Ludus/lud_port.html |title=Ludus Latinus Cursus linguae latinae |work=Bibliotheca Augustiana |last=Harsch |first=Ulrich |publisher=University of Applied Sciences |language=Latin |location=Augsburg |date=1996–2010 |accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010 |archive-date=2010-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220133124/http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Ludus/lud_port.html |url-status= }}
*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/beginners/default.htm Beginners' Latin] on [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]
*[http://latinpodcast.podbean.com/ Latin Language for Beginners Podcast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830021334/http://latinpodcast.podbean.com/ |date=2014-08-30 }}

===Gramatika ngan pag-aram===
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/index.html |title=Latin Language (Lingua Latina) |publisher=[[Orbis Latinus]] |last=Batzarov |first=Zdravko | date = 2000 |accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010 |archive-date=15 Nobyembre 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115054832/http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/index.html |url-status=dead }}
*{{Cite book|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/15665 |title=New Latin Grammar |last=Bennett |first=Charles E. |publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]] |edition=2nd |isbn=1-176-19706-1 | date = 2005 |origyear=1908}}
*{{Cite book|title=A student's Latin Grammar |url=https://archive.org/details/studentslatingra00grif |last=Griffin |first=Robin |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-38587-3 | date = 1992}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/latol-0-X.html |title=Latin Online: Series Introduction |last1=Lehmann |first1=Winifred P. |last2=Slocum |first2=Jonathan |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |accessdate=13 Mayo 2014 |archive-date=29 Abril 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429221355/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/latol-0-X.html |url-status=dead }}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www6.ocn.ne.jp/~wil/ |title=The World of Comparative and Historical Linguistics (A Historical Survey of the Romance Languages) |last=Wilkinson |first=Hugh Everard |work=Page on Park |publisher=NTT Communications |accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010 |archive-date=1 Mayo 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501100652/http://www6.ocn.ne.jp/~wil/ |url-status=dead }}

===Phonetics===
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A657272 |title=Latin Pronunciation – a Beginner's Guide |publisher=H2G2, BBC |date=3 Disyembre 2001 |accessdate=17 Pebrero 2010}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://la.raycui.com/ |title=Phonetica Latinae – How to Pronounce Latin |last=Cui |first=Ray | date = 2005 |accessdate=25 Hunyo 2010}}

===Latin language news and audio===
*[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/ Ephemeris], online Latin newspaper
*[http://yle.fi/radio1/tiede/nuntii_latini/ Nuntii Latini], from Finnish YLE Radio 1
*[http://www.radiobremen.de/nachrichten/latein/ News in Latin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618130408/http://www.radiobremen.de/nachrichten/latein/ |date=2010-06-18 }}, Radio Bremen
*[http://www.haverford.edu/classics/audio/ Classics Podcasts in Latin and Ancient Greek] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129091342/http://www.haverford.edu/classics/audio/ |date=2015-01-29 }}, Haverford College
*[https://sites.google.com/site/janualinguae/latin Latinum Latin Language Course and Latin Language YouTube Index]; [http://latinum.org.uk/ Alternative URL]

===Pinulongan Latin aada-ha-linya nga kommunidad===
*[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/latinitatis/index.htm Pontificia Academia Latinitatis] (Pontifical Academy for Latin) (language regulator in the Catholic Church)
*[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/index_en.htm Opus Fundatum Latinitas] (Latinitas Foundation) {{la icon}} {{en icon}}
*[http://www.alcuinus.net/GLL/ Grex Latine Loquentium] (Flock of Those Speaking Latin)
*[http://www.circuluslatinusinterretialis.co.uk/ Circulus Latinus Interretialis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520083843/http://circuluslatinusinterretialis.co.uk/ |date=2013-05-20 }} (Internet Latin Circle)
*[http://schola.ning.com/ Latinum Schola]

[[Kaarangay:Yinaknan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pinersyano</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="19849" sha1="sbunrvxymuww8qlzgjw8qwg6gg86lbz" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Persian Language Location Map.svg|frameless|right]]
An '''Pinersyano''' o kundi man '''Pinersa''' (پارسی) in uska Iniran nga yinaknan ha sulod han Inindo-Iniran nga sanga han Inindo-Yinoropeo nga mga yinaknan ngan amo la nga Sur-Katundan nga Iniran nga yinaknan.  Ini in panguna nga yinaknan ha Iran (Persia), nga sapit nga Afghanistan (ha pagkabuhatanon in ginkikilala komo Dari tikang 1958 tungod han mga panpolitika nga mga rason, Tajikistan (ha pagkabuhatanon ginkikilala komo Tinajiki nga Pinesyano tikang ha Sobyet nga panahon tungod gihapon hin mga rason panpolitika, ngan pipira nga iba nga mga rehiyon nga may pagkahisumpay ha kasaysayan nga nagpailarom ha impluwensya han mga Persyano. An Pinersyano in ginklaklasipika komo uska nagpapadayon nga Butnga nga Pinersyano, an buhatonon nga panrelihiyon ngan panliterarya nga yinaknan han Sassanid nga Persia, ito liwat ngahaw in nagpapadayon han Kadaan nga Pinersyano, an yinaknan han Achaemaid nga Imperyo Persyano. An Pinersyano in uska plurisentriko nga yinaknan, ngan an iya gramatiko in pareho han damo nga kontemporaryo nga mga yinaknan Yinoropeo. An Pinersyano in gintatawag liwat hito nga ngaran tungod nagtikang ini ha ulohan han Imperyo Achaemenid, Persis (Fars o Pars), amo nga Pinersyano (Finarsi o Pinarsi).

Ginbabanabanahan nga may-ada 110 milyon nga nagyayakan hin Pinersyano ha bug-os nga kalibutan, nga may-ada an yinakanan nga ginkakaptan nga buhatanon nga kahimtang ha Iran, Afghanistan ngan Tajikistan. Ha mga gatostuig an Pinersyano in nagin prestihiyoso nga yinakanan pankultura han Butnga nga Asya, Sur nga Asya, ngan Katundan nga Asya. An Pinersyano in gingagamit liwat nga yinaknan panliturhiya han Islam, diri la ha Iran, Afghanistan ngan Tajikistan, kun diri liwat ha ha Pakistan ngan Norte nga India.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==

* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7hZHFh_nVEMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A vocabulary, Persian, Arabic, and English: abridged from the quarto edition of Richardson's dictionary|author=John Richardson|editor=Sir Charles Wilkins, David Hopkins|year=1810|publisher=Printed for F. and C. Rivingson|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=643|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ru1ncSqiRXkC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Muḥammad Ibrâhîm|editor=|year=1841|publisher=|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Nz9bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A concise dictionary, English-Persian; together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language. Completed and ed. by G. Le Strange|author=Edward Henry Palmer|editor=Guy Le Strange|year=1883|publisher=|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hKUfAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A concise dictionary, English-Persian: together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language|author=Edward Henry Palmer|editor=Guy Le Strange|year=1883|publisher=Trübner|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=42|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eBgYAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=An English-Persian dictionary|author=Arthur Naylor Wollaston|editor=|year=1882|publisher=W.H. Allen|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=462|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F6UCAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=An English-Persian dictionary|author=Arthur Naylor Wollaston (sir.)|editor=|year=1882|publisher=W.H. Allen|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F11AAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|author=William Thornhill Tucker|editor=|year=1850|publisher=J. Madden|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=145|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wT5bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|author=William Thornhill Tucker|editor=|year=1801|publisher=|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3ppxqpkEHVoC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|author=William Thornhill Tucker|editor=|year=1850|publisher=J. Madden|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=145|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pxKkZZgJxcwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language ...|author=John Thompson Platts|editor=|year=1894|publisher=Williams and Norgate|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Exb_NBfBuZkC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=Modern Persian colloquial grammar: containing a short grammar, dialogues and extracts from Nasir-Eddin shah's diaries, tales, etc., and a vocabulary|author=Friedrich Rosen, Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh (Shah of Iran)|editor=|year=1898|publisher=Luzac &amp; C.̊|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=400|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O3lHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=The Persian interpreter: in three parts: A grammar of the Persian language. Persian extracts, in prose and verse. A vocabulary: Persian and English|author=Edward Moises|editor=|year=1792|publisher=Printed by L. Hodgson|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=143|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MsAUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A concise grammar of the Persian language|author=Arthur Henry Bleeck|editor=|year=1857|publisher=|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CiBgAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A concise grammar of the Persian language: containing dialogues, reading lessons, and a vocabulary: together with a new plan for facilitating the study of languages|author=Arthur Henry Bleeck|editor=|year=1857|publisher=B. Quaritch|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=206|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vroOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A concise grammar of the Persian language|author=Arthur Henry Bleeck|editor=|year=1857|publisher=|edition=Oxford University|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bFcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary|author=Duncan Forbes|editor=|year=1844|publisher=Printed for the author, sold by Allen &amp; co.|edition=2|location=|isbn=|page=158|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DwQtAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary|author=Duncan Forbes|editor=|year=1844|publisher=Printed for the author, sold by Allen &amp; co.|edition=2|location=|isbn=|page=114|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DoRQAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations|author=Duncan Forbes|editor=|year=1876|publisher=W.H. Allen|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=238|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BDoMAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations|author=Duncan Forbes|editor=|year=1869|publisher=W.H. Allen &amp; co.|edition=4|location=|isbn=|page=238|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a7dIAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language; comprising a portion of the elements of Arabic inflexion etc|author=Matthew Lumsden|editor=|year=1810|publisher=Watley|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=g5ZHAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language: comprising a portion of the elements of Arabic inflexion, Volume 1|author=Matthew Lumsden|editor=|year=1810|publisher=Printed by T. Watley|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=I0MOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=The student's Persian and English dictionary, pronouncing, etymological, &amp; explanatory|author=Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor|editor=|year=1880|publisher=Irish Presbyterian Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=558|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xUUOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=Second book of Persian, to which are added the Pandnámah of Shaikh Saádi and the Gulistán, chapter 1, together with vocabulary and short notes|author=Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor, Saʻdī|editor=|year=1880|publisher=Irish Presbyterian Mission Press|edition=2|location=|isbn=|page=120|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NEMOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=The Persian primer, being an elementary treatise on grammar, with exercises|author=Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor|editor=|year=1879|publisher=Irish Presbyterian Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=94|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NEMOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=The Persian primer, being an elementary treatise on grammar, with exercises|author=Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor|editor=|year=1879|publisher=Irish Presbyterian Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=94|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M0MOAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A new grammar of the Persian tongue for the use of schools and colleges|author=Sorabshaw Byramji Doctor|editor=|year=1875|publisher=Irish Presbyterian Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=84|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9I4PAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A primer of Persian: containing selections for reading and composition with the elements of syntax|author=George Speirs Alexander Ranking|editor=|year=1907|publisher=The Claredon Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=72|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Fz9bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A primer of Persian: containing selections for reading and composition with the elements of syntax|author=George Speirs Alexander Ranking|editor=|year=1907|publisher=The Claredon Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=72|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p4dBAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones, Samuel Lee|editor=|year=1823|publisher=Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and co.|edition=8|location=|isbn=|page=230|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p1fRAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones, Samuel Lee|editor=|year=1823|publisher=Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and co.|edition=8|location=|isbn=|page=230|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gqIIAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones|editor=Samuel Lee|year=1828|publisher=Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and Co.|edition=9|location=|isbn=|page=283|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YkBbAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones|editor=|year=1783|publisher=|edition=3|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IEhFAQAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones|editor=|year=1801|publisher=Murray and Highley, J. Sewell|edition=5|location=|isbn=|page=194|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3T9bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A grammar of the Persian language|author=Sir William Jones|editor=|year=1797|publisher=|edition=4|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3T1bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A dictionary in Persian and English, with pronunciation (ed. by M.C. Sen).|author=Ramdhun Sen|editor=Madhub Chunder Sen|year=1841|publisher=|edition=2|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RJAvAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A dictionary in Persian and English|author=Ramdhun Sen|editor=|year=1829|publisher=Printed for the author at the Baptist Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=226|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sk4OAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A dictionary in English and Persian|author=Ramdhun Sen|editor=|year=1833|publisher=Printed at the Baptist Mission Press|edition=|location=|isbn=|page=276|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6j1bAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A dictionary in English and Persian|author=Ramdhun Sen|editor=|year=1833|publisher=|edition=|location=|page=|isbn=|pages=|volume=|accessdate=6 July 2011}}
#{{Cite book
| edition = 3rd Rev
| publisher = Ibex Publishers
| isbn = 0936347295
| last = Thackston
| first = W. M.
| title = An Introduction to Persian
| date = 1 May 1993
}}
#{{Cite book
| publisher = Teach Yourself
| isbn = 0844238155
| last = Mace
| first = John
| title = Modern Persian (Teach Yourself)
| date = March 1993
}}
#{{Cite book
| edition = illustrated
| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon
| isbn = 0700716955
| last = Mace
| first = John
| title = Persian Grammar: For Reference and Revision
| date = 18 October 2002
}}
#{{Cite book
| publisher = L. Reichert
| isbn = 3882264136
| title = Compendium linguarum Iranicarum
| url = https://archive.org/details/compendiumlingua0000unse
| year = 1989
| first = Rüdiger
| last = Schmitt
}}
#{{Cite book
| edition = 2
| publisher = Routledge
| isbn = 0415353394
| editors = Bernard Comrie (ed.)
| last = Windfuhr
| first = Gernot L.
| title = The World's Major Languages
| chapter = Persian
| date = 15 January 2009
}}
# {{Cite encyclopedia
|title=Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts
|first=Prods Oktor
|last=Skjærvø
|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica
|year=2006
|volume=13
|ref=Skjaervo2006
}}
#{{Cite book
|last = Asatrian
|first = Garnik
|title = Etymological Dictionary of Persian
|publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill Academic Publishers]]
|series = [[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary|Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 12]]
|year = 2010
|isbn = 978-90-04-18341-4
|url= http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=227&amp;pid=23589}}
Other Languages
#{{Cite book
|last = Lazard
|first = Gilbert
|title = Grammaire du persan contemporain
|publisher = Institut Français de Recherche en Iran
|date = January 2006
|isbn = 978-2909961378
|url = http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8392
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503214743/http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8392 |date=2012-05-03 }}
#{{Cite book
|last = Dahlén
|first = Ashk
|title = Modern persisk grammatik
|publisher = Ferdosi International Publication
|date = April 2014
|isbn = 9789197988674
|edition = 2nd
|origyear = 1st edition October 2010
|url = http://www.ashkdahlen.com/index.php?id=152
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011020855/http://www.ashkdahlen.com/index.php?id=152 |date=2017-10-11 }}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links | wikt=Category:Persian language | commons=Category:Persian language | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=Persian phrasebook | species=no | d=no | display=Persian}}
{{InterWiki|code=fa}}
*[http://www.persianacademy.ir/ Academy of Persian Language and Literature official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830061043/http://www.persianacademy.ir/ |date=2009-08-30 }} {{fa icon}}
*[http://www.persian-language.org/ Assembly for the Expansion of the Persian Language official website]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118144846/http://www.persian-language.org/ |date=2013-01-18 }} {{fa icon}}
*[http://persianlanguage.ir/ Persian language Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209222040/http://persianlanguage.ir/ |date=2012-12-09 }} {{fa icon}}
*[http://www.parstimes.com/language/ Persian Language Resources], parstimes.com
*[[Soleiman Haim|Haim, Soleiman]]. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hayyim/ New Persian–English dictionary]. Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Beroukhim, 1934–1936. uchicago.edu
*[[Steingass, Francis Joseph]]. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/steingass/ A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary]. London: Routledge &amp; K. Paul, 1892. uchicago.edu
*[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/ UCLA Language Materials Project: ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065425/http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/odpor/index.html |date=2006-07-20 }} [http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=63&amp;menu=004 Persian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923082042/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=63&amp;menu=004 |date=2017-09-23 }}, ucla.edu
*[http://www.kolahstudio.com/?p=620 How Persian Alphabet Transits into Graffiti], Persian Graffiti</text>
      <sha1>sbunrvxymuww8qlzgjw8qwg6gg86lbz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pamulay Olimpiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>7783431</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="26932" sha1="0zoy5a455anki2qy1utz7b0jnq43iti" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Olympic flag.svg|thumb]]
An '''Pamulay Olimpiko''' usa nga paugnatay-hin-kusog nga nanhihitabo ha iba-iba nga syudad kada upat ka tuig.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Añu
!Eventu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |See
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Xuegos Olímpicos de Branu
|-
!1896
|I edición
|Atenes
|Grecia
|-
!1900
|II edición
|París
|Francia
|-
!1904
|III edición
|Saint Louis
|Estaos Xuníos d'América
|-
!''1906''
|''Xuegos Intercalaos''
|''Atenes''
| ''Grecia''
|-
!1908
|IV edición
|Londres
|Reinu Xuníu
|-
!1912
|V edición
|Estocolmu
|Suecia
|-
!1916
|VI edición
|Berlín
|Alemaña
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |&lt;small&gt;Suspendíos pola Primer Guerra Mundial&lt;/small&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |
!Añu
!Eventu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |See
! rowspan=&quot;53&quot; |
|-
!1920
|VII edición
|Amberes
|Bélxica
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Xuegos Olímpicos d'Iviernu
|-
!1924
|VIII edición
|París
|Francia
!1924
|I edición
|Chamonix
| Francia
|-
!1928
|IX edición
|Ámsterdam
|Países Baxos
!1928
|II edición
|Sankt Moritz
| Suiza
|-
!1932
|X edición
|Los Angeles
|Estaos Xuníos d'América
!1932
|III edición
|Lake Placid
| Estaos Xuníos d'América
|-
!1936
|XI edición
|Berlín
|Alemaña
!1936
|IV edición
|Garmisch-Partenkirchen
| Alemaña
|-
!1940
|XII edición
|Ḥélsinki
|Finlandia
!1940
|V edición
|Garmisch-Partenkirchen
| Alemaña
|-
| colspan=&quot;9&quot; |&lt;small&gt;Suspendíos pola Segunda Guerra Mundial&lt;/small&gt;
|-
!1944
|XIII edición
|Londres
|Reinu Xuníu
!
!1944
|VI edición
|Cortina d'Ampezzo
| Italia
|-
| colspan=&quot;9&quot; |&lt;small&gt;Suspendíos pola Segunda Guerra Mundial&lt;/small&gt;
|-
!1948
|XIV edición
|Londres
|Reinu Xuníu
! rowspan=&quot;19&quot; |
!1948
|VII edición
|Sankt Moritz
| Suiza
|-
!1952
|XV edición
|Ḥélsinki
|Finlandia
!1952
|VIII edición
|Oslu
| Noruega
|-
!1956
|XVI edición
|Melbourne
|Australia
!1956
|IX edición
|Cortina d'Ampezzo
| Italia
|-
!1960
|XVII edición
|Roma
|Italia
!1960
|X edición
|Squaw Valley
| Estaos Xuníos d'América
|-
!1964
|XVIII edición
|Tokiu
|Xapón
!1964
|XI edición
|Innsbruck
| Austria
|-
!1968
|XIX edición
|Ciudá de Méxicu
|Méxicu
!1968
|XII edición
|Grenoble
| Francia
|-
!1972
|XX edición
|Múnich
|Alemaña
!1972
|XIII edición
|Sapporo
| Xapón
|-
!1976
|XXI edición
|Montréal
|Canadá
!1976
|XIV edición
|Innsbruck
| Austria
|-
!1980
|XXII edición
|Moscú
|XRSS
!1980
|XV edición
|Lake Placid
| Estaos Xuníos d'América
|-
!1984
|XXIII edición
|Los Angeles
|Estaos Xuníos d'América
!1984
|XVI edición
|Sarayevu
| Bosnia y Herzegovina
|-
!1988
|XXIV edición
|Seúl
|Corea del Sur
!1988
|XVII edición
|Calgary
| Canadá
|-
!1992
|XXV edición
|Barcelona
|España
!1992
|XVIII edición
|Albertville
| Francia
|-
!1996
|XXVI edición
|Atlanta
|Estaos Xuníos d'América
!1994
|XIX edición
|Lillehammer
| Noruega
|-
!2000
|XXVII edición
|Sydney
|Australia
!1998
|XX edición
|Nagano
| Xapón
|-
!2004
|XXVIII edición
|Atenes
|Grecia
!2002
|XXI edición
|Salt Lake City
| Estaos Xuníos d'América
|-
!2008
|XXIX edición
|Beixín
|China
!2006
|XXII edición
|Torino
| Italia
|-
!2012
|XXX edición
|Londres
|Reinu Xuníu
!2010
|XXIII edición
|Vancouver
| Canadá
|-
!2016
|XXXI edición
|Rio de Janeiro
|Brasil
!2014
|XXIV edición
|Sochi
| Rusia
|-
!2020
|XXXII edición
|Tokiu
|Xapón
|}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Brownell|first=Susan|chapter=Introduction: Bodies before Boas, Sport before the Laughter Left|title=The 1904 Anthropology Days and Olympic Games: Sport, Race, and American Imperialism|date=2008|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln and London|isbn=978-0-8032-1098-1}}
* {{Cite book | title = Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement | last1 = Buchanon | first1 = Ian | last2 = Mallon | first2 = Bill | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, MD | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-8108-5574-8 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=fH3hD3MkIMYC&amp;pg=PR101&amp;dq=commercialization+of+the+olympic+games | accessdate =20 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
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* {{Cite book|last=Cooper|first=Karen Coody|title=Spirited Encounters: American Indians Protest Museum Policies and Practices|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900759110891|date=2008|publisher=AltaMira Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0759110892}}
* {{Cite book | title = Global entertainment media | last = Cooper-Chen | first = Anne | publisher = Lawrence Erlbaum Associates | location = Mahwah, New Jersey | date = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-8058-5168-7 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=1Su8jRiVVdoC&amp;pg=PA228&amp;dq=tv+influence+on+olympic+games#PPA230,M1 | accessdate =21 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Coubertin | first1 = Pierre de | authorlink = Pierre de Coubertin | last2 = Philemon | first2 = Timoleon J. | last3 = Politis | first3 = N.G. | last4 = Anninos | first4 = Charalambos | title = The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896 | work = The Olympic Games in 1896 – Second Part | publisher = Charles Beck | format = PDF | location = Athens | date = 1897 | url = http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf | accessdate = 2 Pebrero 2009 | ref = harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527211831/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf |date=27 Mayo 2008 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Crowther | first = Nigel B. | date = 2007 | chapter = The Ancient Olympic Games | title = Sport in Ancient Times | url = https://archive.org/details/sportinancientti0000crow_y8b3 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | isbn = 978-0-275-98739-8 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Architecture of Greece | last = Darling | first = Janina K. | date = 2004 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = Santa Barbara, California | isbn = 978-0-313-32152-8 | chapter = Panathenaic Stadium, Athens | url = http://books.google.com/?id=4F-v35--l_gC&amp;dq=Panathenaic+Stadium,+Averoff,+Constantine | accessdate =30 Enero 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Dean|first=Amber R.|title=Hauntings: Representations of Vancouver's disappeared women|date=2009|url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol1/AEU/TC-AEU-529.pdf|accessdate=30 Marso 2010|format=Doctoral thesis}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407203347/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol1/AEU/TC-AEU-529.pdf |date=2014-04-07 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Eassom | first = Simon | date = 1994 | title = Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology | publisher = The Centre for Olympic Studies | location = Ontario | isbn = 978-0-7714-1697-2 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement | last1 = Findling | first1 = John E. | last2 = Pelle | first2 = Kimberly D. | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport CT | date = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-313-32278-5 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&amp;pg=PA283&amp;dq=winter+games+at+the+1912+summer+olympics | accessdate =30 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | last = Gershon | first = Richard A. | title = Telecommunications Management:Industry structures and planning strategies | date = 2000 | publisher = Lawrence Erlbaum Associates | location = Mahwah, NJ | isbn = 978-0-8058-3002-6 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=H3cu_PFsFYwC&amp;pg=PA17&amp;dq=1998+winter+olympics | accessdate =21 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | last = Golden | first = Mark | date = 2009 | chapter = Helpers, Horses, and Heroes | title = Greek Sport and Social Status | publisher = University of Texas Press | isbn = 978-0-292-71869-2 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite web|last=Government of Canda|title=The Four Host First Nations – Canada 2010|url=http://www.canada2010.gc.ca/invsts/hnationsh/030401-eng.cfm|accessdate=31 Marso 2014|page=Canada's Games|date=23 Disyembre 2009|archive-date=21 Disyembre 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221110257/http://canada2010.gc.ca/invsts/hnationsh/030401-eng.cfm|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Girginov | first1 = Vassil | last2 = Parry | first2 = Jim | date = 2005 | title = The Olympic Games Explained: A Student Guide to the Evolution of the Modern Olympic Games | publisher = Routledge | location = | isbn = 978-0-415-34604-7 | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vxAmyvh0ZsQC | accessdate =3 Hulyo 2012 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Hill|first=Gord|title=The Anti-Capitalist Resistance Comic Book|url=https://archive.org/details/anticapitalistre0000hill|date=2012|publisher=Arsenal Pulp Press|location=Vancouver|isbn=978-1-55152-444-3}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_122.pdf | title = Olympic Charter | author = International Olympic Committee | publisher = International Olympic Committee | date = 2007 | format = PDF | accessdate =19 Septyembre 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/2011072307003/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_122.pdf | archivedate = 23 Hulyo 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|Olympic Charter|2007}} }}
* {{Cite web|last=International Olympic Committee|title=All Games since 1896|url=http://www.olympic.org/olympic-games|accessdate=20 Pebrero 2013}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Krüger | first1 = Arnd | last2 = Murray | first2 = William J. | date = 2003 | title = The Nazi Olympics: sport, politics and appeasement in the 1930s | publisher = University of Illinois Press | isbn = 978-0-252-02815-1 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=s5ntIQv0W5IC | accessdate =3 Hulyo 2012 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Jeff|title=Hyper-Hush Surrounds 2010 Games Mascots 'Til Tuesday|url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=5336f700-2921-444b-a6fb-8deb8a787975|accessdate=16 Marso 2014|newspaper=The Vancouver Sun|date=24 Nobyembre 2007|archive-date=4 Nobyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104214413/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=5336f700-2921-444b-a6fb-8deb8a787975|url-status=}}
* {{Cite news|last=Lindsay|first=Hillary Bain|title=Stolen Games: 'No Olympics on Stolen Native Land' Has Become the Battle Cry for Indigenous Resistance to the Vancouver Olympics|url=http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/1099|accessdate=31 Marso 2014|newspaper=The Dominion|date=4 Abril 2007|archive-date=7 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102601/http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/1099|url-status=}}
* {{Cite news|last=Lopez|first=Franklin|title=Vancouver Activists Greet Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony with People's Summit, Protest|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2010/2/12/olympics|accessdate=2 Marso 2014|newspaper=Democracy Now!|date=12 Pebrero 2010}}
* {{Cite news|last=Manuel|first=Arthur|title=Vancouver Olympics Can't Hide Canada's Dismal Record on Indigenous Peoples|url=http://www.straight.com/news/arthur-manuel-vancouver-olympics-cant-hide-canadas-dismal-record-indigenous-peoples|accessdate=16 Marso 2014|newspaper=The Georgia Straight|date=25 Enero 2010|archive-date=7 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080659/http://www.straight.com/news/arthur-manuel-vancouver-olympics-cant-hide-canadas-dismal-record-indigenous-peoples|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book | title = Rome 1960 | url = https://archive.org/details/rome1960olympics00mara | last = Maraniss | first = David | date = 2008 | publisher = Simon &amp; Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4165-3407-5 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | last = Matthews | first = George R. | date = 2005 | title = America's first Olympics: the St. Louis games of 1904 | publisher = University of Missouri Press | location = | isbn = 978-0-8262-1588-8 | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WKRUmep515oC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=America's%20first%20Olympics%3A%20the%20St.%20Louis%20games%20of%201904&amp;pg=PA53#v=onepage&amp;q=liverpool&amp;f=false | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Heather Andrews|title=Olympic committee blunders with Inuit-inspired logo|url=http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&amp;sort=RELEVANCE&amp;inPS=true&amp;prodId=CPI&amp;userGroupName=sfu_z39&amp;tabID=T004&amp;searchId=R1&amp;resultListType=RESULT_LIST&amp;contentSegment=&amp;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&amp;currentPosition=1&amp;contentSet=GALE%7CA191264469&amp;&amp;docId=GALE{{!}}A191264469&amp;docType=GALE&amp;role=|work=Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly|accessdate=10 Marso 2014|date= Mayo 2005}}
* {{Cite news|last=National Geographic|title=Olympic Logo No 'Friend' to Some|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/02/photogalleries/100212-vancouver-2010-winter-olympics-logo-ilanaaq/#/vancouver-english-bay-inukshuk_12792_600x450.jpg|accessdate=10 Marso 2014|newspaper=National Geographic|date=12 Pebrero 2010}}
* {{Cite news|last=Nuytten|first=Jesse|title=Olympic Emblem Design Meaningful to Canadians|url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-4-29/28309.html|accessdate=10 Marso 2014|newspaper=The Epoch Times|date=29 Abril 2005|archive-date=7 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085425/http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-4-29/28309.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=O'Bonsawin|first=Christine M.|chapter=Indigenous Peoples and Canadian-Hosted Olympic Games|title=Aboriginal Peoples and Sport in Canada|date=2012|publisher=UBC Press|location=Vancouver|isbn=9780774824231|editor=Janice Forsyth and Audrey R. Giles}}
* {{Cite journal|last=O'Bonsawin|first=Christine M.|title='No Olympics on stolen native land': contesting Olympic narratives and asserting indigenous rights within the discourse of the 2010 Vancouver Games|journal=Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics|date=2010|volume=13|issue=1|pages=143–156|doi=10.1080/17430430903377987}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_658.pdf | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5gKmnnDyw?url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_658.pdf | archivedate = 26 Abril 2009 | title = The Olympic Games in Antiquity | author = Olympic Museum | publisher = International Olympic Committee | date = 2007 | format = PDF | accessdate = 2 Pebrero 2009 | ref = harv | url-status             = dead }}
* {{Cite news|last=Paley|first=Dawn|title='No Olympics on Stolen Native Land' Resonates Across Canada|url=http://www.mediacoop.ca/audio/3057|accessdate=30 Marso 2014|date=16 Marso 2010|agency=The Media Co-op|archive-date=7 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085106/http://www.mediacoop.ca/audio/3057|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Parezo|first=Nancy J.|chapter=A 'Special Olympics': Testing Racial Strength and Endurance at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition|title=The 1904 Anthropology Days and Olympic Games: Sport, Race, and American Imperialism|date=2008|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln and London|isbn=978-0-8032-1098-1|editor=Susan Brownell}}
* {{Cite book | author = Pausanias | authorlink = Pausanias (geographer) | others = translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Ormerud | title = Description of Greece | url = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 | chapter = Elis 1 | chapterurl = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160&amp;query=book%3D%235 | volume= Vol. 2 | date = 1 Enero 1926 | series = Loeb Classical Library | publisher = W. Heinemann | location = London | oclc= 10818363 | isbn = 978-0-674-99207-8 | accessdate =9 Enero 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Peavy|first=Linda|chapter=Leaving the Whites…Far Behind Them: The Girls from Fort Shaw (Montana) Indian School, Basketball Champions of the 1904 World's Fair|title=The 1904 Anthropology Days and Olympic Games: Sport, Race, and American Imperialism|date=2008|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln and London|isbn=978-0-8032-1098-1|author2=Ursula Smith|editor=Susan Brownell}}
* {{Cite book | author = Pindar | authorlink = Pindar | others = translated by William H. Race | title = Olympian Odes | url = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162&amp;query=head%3D%231 | chapter = Olympian 10 | chapterurl = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162&amp;layout=&amp;loc=O.+10.1 | date = 1997 | series = Loeb Classical Library | publisher = Harvard University Press | isbn = 978-0-674-99564-2 | accessdate =25 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Doping:Athletes and Drugs | last = Porterfield | first = Jason | date = 2008 | publisher = Rosen Publishing Group | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4042-1917-5 | page = 15 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=YXWa6ll5GxoC&amp;pg=PA15&amp;dq=Hans-Gunnar+Liljenwall, | accessdate = 30 Enero 2009 | ref = harv }}{{Dead link|date=October 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* {{Cite news|last=Revolutionary Hip-Hop Report, The|title=No Olympics on Stolen Native Land|url=http://rhhr.org/2010/07/25/no-olympics-on-stolen-native-land/|accessdate=31 Marso 2014|newspaper=Revolutionary Hip-Hop Report|date=25 Hulyo 2010|archive-date=8 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408025637/http://rhhr.org/2010/07/25/no-olympics-on-stolen-native-land/|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book | title = The Fifth Century BC | last = Richardson | first = N.J. | date = 1992 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | editor=Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, John; Davies, J.K. | isbn = 978-0-521-23347-7 | chapter = Panhellenic Cults and Panhellenic Poets | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Nqbz8Emo3PIC&amp;pg=PA223 | accessdate =2 Pebrero 2013 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Mega-Events and Modernity | last = Roche | first = Maurice | publisher = Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group | location = New York | date = 2000 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=aldh2YTO7XQC&amp;printsec=copyright&amp;dq=spartakiads+and+the+olympics | isbn = 978-0-415-15711-7 | accessdate =30 Enero 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite news|last=Rolbin-Ghanie|first=Maya|title='It's All About The Land': Native Resistance to the Olympics|url=http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/1738|accessdate=2 Marso 2014|newspaper=The Dominion|date=1 Marso 2008|archive-date=27 Hulyo 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727034649/http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/1738|url-status=}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Shachar | first = Ayelet | date = 2011 | title = Picking Winners: Olympic Citizenship and the Global Race for Talent | journal = Yale Law Journal | volume = 120 | issue = 8 | pages = 2088–2139 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Olympics at the Millennium | last1 = Schaffer | first1 = Kay | last2 = Smith | first2 = Sidonie | publisher = Rutgers University Press | location = New Jersey | date = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-8135-2819-9 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=nMzYdZpk8qMC&amp;printsec=copyright&amp;dq=olympics | accessdate =30 Enero 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Schantz|first=Otto J.|chapter=Pierre de Coubertin's Concepts of Race, Nation, and Civilization|title=The 1904 Anthropology Days and Olympic Games: Sport, Race, and American Imperialism|date=2008|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln and London|isbn=978-0-8032-1098-1|editor=Susan Brownell}}
* {{Cite book | title = The Commercialisation of sport | last = Slack | first = Trevor | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | date = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-7146-8078-1 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Kd7ieYncwxIC&amp;pg=PA192&amp;dq=television+and+the+olympic+games | accessdate =31 Marso 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = The Fifth Century BC | last = Spivey | first = Nigel Jonathan | date = 2004 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-280433-4 | chapter = Olympia: the Origins | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite web|last=Statistics Canada|title=Aboriginal Population, City of Vancouver - 2001 Census|url=http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/socialplanning/initiatives/aboriginal/images/demographics.jpg|accessdate=31 Marso 2010| date = 2001}}
* {{Cite book | last = Swaddling | first = Judith | date = 1999 | title = The Ancient Olympic Games | url = https://archive.org/details/ancientolympicga00swad | publisher = University of Texas Press | isbn = 978-0-292-77751-4 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | last = Swaddling | first = Judith | date = 2000 | title = The Ancient Olympic Games | edition = 2 | publisher = University of Texas Press | location = Austin | isbn = 978-0-292-70373-5 | oclc = 10759486 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=2-HQMnDiLqIC | accessdate =6 Hunyo 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = Sport and leisure cultures | last = Tomlinson | first = Alan | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | location = Minneapolis MN | date = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-8166-3382-1 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=JphFoBnq2R8C&amp;pg=PA14&amp;dq=olympic+games+television+ratings | accessdate =2 Abril 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite web|last=Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games|title=Vancouver 2010 Mascots Introduced to the World|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/128683/vancouver-2010-mascots-introduced-to-the-world|work=Canadian NewsWire|accessdate=10 Marso 2014|date=27 Nobyembre 2007|archive-date=13 Abril 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144945/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/128683/vancouver-2010-mascots-introduced-to-the-world|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Weiler | first = Ingomar | date = 2004 | title = The predecessors of the Olympic movement, and Pierre de Coubertin | journal = European Review | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | publisher =  Cambridge University Press | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite web|last=Wonders|first=Karen|title=Development: Human Rights Abuse|url=http://www.firstnations.de/development.htm|accessdate=31 Marso 2014|page=First Nations - Land Rights and Environmentalism in British Columbia|archive-date=2009-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026085724/http://www.firstnations.de/development.htm|url-status=}}
* {{Cite book | title = Social Issues in Sport | last = Woods | first = Ron | publisher = Human Kinetics | location = Champaign IL | date = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-7360-5872-8 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Krclca7m_z0C&amp;pg=PA146&amp;lpg=PA146&amp;dq=television+ratings+decline+olympic+games+torino | accessdate =2 Abril 2009 | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = A Brief History of the Olympic Games | last = Young | first = David C. | date = 2004 | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | isbn = 978-1-4051-1130-0 | chapter = The Beginnings | ref = harv }}
* {{Cite book | title = The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival | url = https://archive.org/details/modernolympicsst0000youn | last = Young | first = David C. | date = 1996 | location = Baltimore | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | isbn = 978-0-8018-7207-5 | ref = harv }}
{{refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last = Buchanan | first = Ian | authorlink = | title = Historical dictionary of the Olympic movement | url = https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00buch_0 | date = 2001 | publisher = Scarecrow Presz | location = Lanham | isbn = 978-0-8108-4054-6 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Kamper | first = Erich | authorlink = |author2=Mallon, Bill | title = The Golden Book of the Olympic Games | date = 1992 | publisher = Vallardi &amp; Associati | location = Milan | isbn = 978-88-85202-35-1 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Preuss | first = Holger | authorlink = |author2=Marcia Semitiel García | title = The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games 1972–2008 | url = https://archive.org/details/economicsofstagi0000preu_j6y4 | date = 2005 | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing | location = | isbn = 978-1-84376-893-7 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Simson | first = Vyv | authorlink = |author2=Jennings, Andrew | title = Dishonored Games: Corruption, Money, and Greed at the Olympics | url = https://archive.org/details/dishonoredgamesc0000sims | date = 1992 | publisher = S.P.I. Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-56171-199-4 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Wallechinsky | first = David | authorlink = David Wallechinsky | title = The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics, Athens 2004 Edition | url = https://archive.org/details/completebookof00wall | date = 2004 | publisher = SportClassic Books | location = | isbn = 978-1-894963-32-9 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Wallechinsky | first = David | title = The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics, Turin 2006 Edition | url = https://archive.org/details/completebookofwi0000wall_2006 | date = 2005 | publisher = SportClassic Books | location = | isbn = 978-1-894963-45-9 }}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* {{official website|http://www.olympic.org/}}
* [http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/20080804_MEDALCOUNT_MAP.html New York Times Interactive of all the medals in the Modern Olympics]
* [http://www.insidethegames.biz/ insidethegames – the latest and most up to date news and interviews from the world of Olympic, Commonwealth and Paralympic Games]
* [http://www.aroundtherings.com/ ATR – Around the Rings – the Business Surrounding the Olympics]
* [http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/ GamesBids.com – An Authoritative Review of Olympic Bid Business (home of the BidIndex™)]
* [http://www.databaseolympics.com/index.htm Database Olympics]
* [http://ezine.pk/?Olympic-Games--From-History-of-Olympics-to-the-Present-Day&amp;id=820 History of Olympics to the Present Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313013906/http://ezine.pk/?Olympic-Games--From-History-of-Olympics-to-the-Present-Day&amp;id=820 |date= 13 Marso 2013 }}
* [http://www.dicolympic.com/?s=&amp;l=en Dicolympic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929095743/http://www.dicolympic.com/?s=&amp;l=en |date= 29 Septyembre 2008 }} – Dictionary about the Games from Olympia to Sochi 2014
* [http://www.olympicgameswinners.com/ Reference book about all Olympic Medalists of all times]
* [http://www.theolympicgamescountdown.com Days left until the next Olympic Games | The Olympic Games Countdown | 2012 | Sochi 2014 | Rio 2016 | PyeongChang 2018 | Istanbul, Tokyo or Madrid 2020?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428231147/http://www.theolympicgamescountdown.com/ |date= 28 Abril 2022 }}
* [http://www.olympics-records.com/ Olympic and Asian games records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420084550/http://www.olympics-records.com/ |date= 20 Abril 2018 }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gustav Mahler</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 4 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="9140" sha1="caq782wdihh35kbuwdlmdfq8qy2p70i" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Gustav Mahler 1909 2.jpg|thumb]]

Hi '''Gustav Mahler''' (7 Hulyo 1860 – 18 Mayo 1911) amo an usa ka Austryano nga kompositor ngan konductor nga natawo ha Bohemia.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*Anon. (1908). {{cite news|title= Gustav Mahler Conducts|work=The New York Times|issue=30 Nobyembre 1908|url= http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/arts/mahler1.pdf|accessdate=21 Marso 2010}} PDF format
* Anon. (1909). {{cite news|title= Bartered Bride at Metropolitan|work=The New York Times|issue=20&amp;nbsp;February|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D03E6D91439E733A25753C2A9649C946897D6CF|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2009|date=20 Pebrero 1909}} PDF format
* Anon. (1911). {{cite news|title= Gustav Mahler Dies in Vienna|work=The New York Times|issue=19&amp;nbsp;May|url= http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/arts/105027769.pdf|accessdate=21 Marso 2010}} PDF format
* {{Cite book|last=Barham|first=Jeremy (ed.)|author2={{ill|cs|Vladimír Karbusický{{!}}Karbusický, Vladimír|Vladimír Karbusický}}|chapter=Gustav Mahler's Musical Jewishness|title=Perspectives on Gustav Mahler|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited| date = 2005|location=Aldershot, UK|url=http://books.google.com/?id=JivwxWN9vY8C&amp;pg=PA188&amp;lpg=PA188&amp;dq=Mahler+Jewish+music#v=onepage&amp;q=Mahler%20Jewish%20music&amp;f=false|isbn=978-0-7546-0709-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Blaukopf|first= Kurt| date = 1974|title= Gustav Mahler|url=https://archive.org/details/gustavmahler0000blau|publisher=Futura Publications Ltd|location= Harmondsworth, UK|isbn= 0-86007-034-4}}.
* {{cite book|authorlink=Jonathan Carr|last=Carr|first=Jonathan| date = 1998|title=Mahler: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/mahlerbiography0000carr_i5s2|publisher=The Overlook Press|location= Woodstock, New York|isbn= 0-87951-802-2}}
* {{cite book|authorlink= Deryck Cooke|last= Cooke|first= Deryck| date = 1980|title= Gustav Mahler: An Introduction to his Music|publisher=Faber Music|location= London|isbn= 0-571-10087-2}}
* {{cite book|last= Cooke|first= Deryck|title= Mahler and the Eighth Symphony (performance notes 29&amp;nbsp;May 1964)|publisher=Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society | date = 1964}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Aaron Copland|last=Copland|first=Aaron|author2=Richard Kostelanetz (ed.)|title=Aaron Copland, a reader: Selected writings, 1923–72|url=http://books.google.com/?id=pANdrmPvvPEC&amp;pg=PA149&amp;lpg=PA149&amp;dq=Aaron+Copland+Our+New+Music+Mahler#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false|publisher=Routledge|location=London| date = 2004|isbn=978-0-415-93940-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jens Malte|authorlink=:de:Jens Malte Fischer|title=Gustav Mahler|url=https://archive.org/details/gustavmahler0000fisc_k9u5| date = 2011|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-300-13444-5|others=Stewart Spencer (translator from ''Gustav Mahler. Der fremde Vertraute''. [[Paul Zsolnay Verlag]], Wien 2003, ISBN 3-552-05273-9)}}
* {{cite|last= Franklin|first= Peter |editor-last= Deane Root |title= Mahler, Gustav |publisher=[[Grove Music Online]]}} {{subscription}}. Also available in print form in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', 2nd ed., [[Stanley Sadie]] and John Tyrrell, eds., (2001), ISBN=1-56159-239-0
* {{cite web|last= Freed|first= Richard|title= Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)|url= http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction=composition&amp;composition_id=2839|publisher=The Kennedy Centre| date = 2007|accessdate=5 Abril 2007}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last= Harrison|first= Julius|authorlink= Julius Harrison|editor-last= Bacharach|editor-first= A.L.|title= The Orchestra and Orchestral Music|encyclopedia= The Musical Companion|pages= 127–282|publisher=Victor Gollancz|location= London| date = 1934}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last= Hussey|first= Dyneley|authorlink= Dyneley Hussey|editor-last= Bacharach|editor-first= A.L.|title= Vocal Music in the 20th Century|encyclopedia= The Musical Companion|pages= 454–66|publisher=Victor Gollancz|location= London| date = 1934}}
* {{cite web|title= International Gustav Mahler Society, Vienna|url= http://www.gustav-mahler.org/english/|publisher= The International Gustav Mahler Society|accessdate= 4 Abril 2010|archive-date= 14 Agosto 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120814202909/http://www.gustav-mahler.org/english/|url-status= }}
* Karbusický, Vladimír: ''Gustav Mahler und seine Umwelt''. Wiss. Buchges., Darmstadt 1978.
* Karbusický, Vladimír: ''Mahler in Hamburg: Chronik einer Freundschaft''. Von Bockel Verlag, Hamburg 1996.
* {{cite journal|last= Kennedy|first= Michael|authorlink= Michael Kennedy (music critic)|title= Mahler's mass following|journal=The Spectator|location= London|date=13 Enero 2010|url= http://www.spectator.co.uk/arts-and-culture/all/5704108/mahlers-mass-following.thtml|accessdate=26 Marso 2010}}
* {{cite news|last= Kozinn|first= Allan|title= Ashkenazy Mining A Mahler Vein|work=The New York Times|issue=3 Pebrero 1989|url= http://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/03/arts/ashkenazy-mining-a-mahler-vein.html?pagewanted=1|accessdate=6 Abril 2010|date=3 Pebrero 1989}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Henry-Louis de La Grange|last= La Grange|first= Henry-Louis de| date = 1995|title= Gustav Mahler Volume 2: Vienna: The Years of Challenge (1897–1904)|publisher=Oxford University Press|location= Oxford, UK|isbn= 0-19-315159-6}}
* {{cite book|last= La Grange|first= Henry-Louis de| date = 2000|title= Gustav Mahler Volume 3: Vienna: Triumph and Disillusion (1904–1907)|publisher=Oxford University Press|location= Oxford, UK|isbn= 0-19-315160-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Lebrecht|first=Norman|title=Why Mahler? How One Man and Ten Symphonies Changed the World| date = 2011|publisher=Faber and Faber Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-0-571-26079-9}}
* {{cite book|authorlink= Alma Mahler|last= Mahler|first= Alma|title= Gustav Mahler: Memories and letters|publisher=John Murray|location= London| date = 1968}}
* {{cite book|authorlink= Donald Mitchell (writer)|last=Mitchell|first=Donald| date = 1995|title=Gustav Mahler Volume 1: The Early Years|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-20214-7}}
* {{cite book|last= Mitchell|first=Donald| date = 1975|title=Gustav Mahler Volume&amp;nbsp;II: The Wunderhorn Years: Chronicles and Commentaries|publisher=Faber and Faber|location=London|isbn=0-571-10674-9}}
* {{cite book|last= Mitchell|first=Donald|author2=Nicholson, Andrew|title=The Mahler Companion|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1999|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-816376-2}}
* {{cite book|last= Niekerk|first= Carl|title= Reading Mahler: German Culture and Jewish Identity in Fin-de-siècle Vienna|url= https://archive.org/details/readingmahlerger0000niek|publisher=Camden House| date = 2010|location= Rochester, New York|isbn= 978-1-57113-467-7}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Stanley Sadie|last=Sadie|first=Stanley (ed.)|title=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]|volume=11|publisher=Macmillan|location=London| date = 1980|isbn=0-333-23111-2}}
* {{cite news|last= Schiff|first= David|title= Music: The Man who Mainstreamed Mahler|url= http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/04/arts/music-the-man-who-mainstreamed-mahler.html?pagewanted=2|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 Nobyembre 2001|accessdate=27 Marso 2010}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Harold C. Schonberg|last=Schonberg|first=Harold|title=The Lives of the Great Composers|volume=II|publisher=Futura Publications|location=London| date = 1970|isbn=0-86007-723-3}}
* {{cite book|last= Shaw|first= George Bernard|authorlink= George Bernard Shaw|title= Shaw's Music, Volume&amp;nbsp;III 1893–1950|url= https://archive.org/details/shawsmusiccomple0001shaw|publisher=The Bodley Head|location= London| date = 1981|isbn= 0-370-30333-4}}
* {{cite book|last= Smith|first= William Ander|title=The Mystery of Leopold Stokowski|publisher=Associated University Presses Ltd|location= Cranbury, N.J.| date = 1990 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Mt4RB5JO4qYC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |isbn= 0-8386-3362-5}}
* {{cite book|last= Snowman|first= Daniel|title= The Gilded Stage: A Social History of Opera|url= https://archive.org/details/gildedstagesocia0000snow|publisher=Atlantic Books|location= London| date = 2009|isbn= 978-1-84354-466-1}}
* {{cite book|last= Steen|first= Michael|title= The Lives &amp; Times of the Great Composers|url= https://archive.org/details/livestimesofgrea0000stee|publisher=Icon Books|location= London| date = 2003|isbn= 978-1-84046-679-9}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://public-domain-archive.com/classic/compositions.php?lang=eng&amp;composer_no=10 Public domain recordings of many of Mahler's compositions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715131235/http://public-domain-archive.com/classic/compositions.php?lang=eng&amp;composer_no=10 |date=2011-07-15 }}
{{Wikipedia books|Gustav Mahler}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Gustav Mahler}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
* {{BBC composer page|mahler|Mahler}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahler, Gustav}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1860]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1911]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Mahler, Gustav]]
[[Kaarangay:Musika|Mahler, Gustav]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gautama Buddha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17482</id>
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      <text bytes="12113" sha1="s1hbleusb8ytoqqzehoiyd1hgr82yo8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tawo
| name               = Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha
| image              = Image:Buddha nobletruths.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image              = Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Usa nga estatwa han Buddha tikang [[Sarnath]], ika-4 nga gatostuig
| birth_date = 563 UC
| death_date = 483 UC (edad 80) o 411 ngan 400 UC
| birth_place = [[Lumbini]], yana ha [[Lumbini Zone]], [[Nepal]]
| death_place = [[Kushinagar]], yana ha [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| known_for = Nagtukod han [[Buddhismo]]
| predecessor = [[Kassapa Buddha]]
| successor = [[Maitreya Buddha]]
| ethnicity = [[Shakya]]
| father=[[Śuddhodana]]
| mother=[[Maya (iroy ni Buddha)|Maya]]
}}

Hi '''Siddhārtha Gautama''' (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) in anay ispirituwal nga manurutdo tikang ha ubos-nga-kontinente han Indya, nga an iya mga tinutdo natukod an [[Buddhismo]].&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
|last = Boeree
|first = George
|title=An Introduction to Buddhism
|publisher=Shippensburg University
|url=http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/buddhaintro.html
|accessdate=2011-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haros ngatanan nga nahigaraan nga Buddhismo, hiya in gindudunggan komo an Labaw nga Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) han aton panahon, &quot;Buddha&quot; in may-ada kasirigngon nga &quot;an nagpukrat&quot; o &quot;an nalamragan&quot;.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url= http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.soas.1976481
|title= buddha 9276
|accessdate= 22 Pebrero 2010
|last= Turner
|first= Sir Ralph Lilley
|authorlink= Ralph Lilley Turner
| date = 1962–1985
|work= A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press
|publisher= Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago
|page= 525
|quote= [[Sister language|Hypothetical root]] ''budh'' &quot;perceive&quot; 1. Pali ''buddha'' – &quot;understood, enlightened&quot;, [[Grammatical gender|masculine]] &quot;the ''Buddha''&quot;; Aśokan (the language of the [[Edicts of Ashoka|Inscriptions of Aśoka]]) ''Budhe'' [[Nominative case|nominative]] [[grammatical number|singular]]; [[Prakrit]] ''buddha'' – ‘ known, awakened ’; [[Waigali language|Waigalī]] ''būdāī'', &quot;truth&quot;; [[Kalami language|Bashkarīk]] ''budh'' &quot;he heard&quot;; [[Torwali language|Tōrwālī]] ''būdo'' [[preterite]] of ''bū'', &quot;to see, know&quot; from ''bṓdhati''; [[Phalura language|Phalūṛa]] ''búddo'' preterite of ''buǰǰ '', &quot;to understand&quot; from ''búdhyatē''; [[Shina language|Shina]] Gilgitī dialect ''budo'', &quot;awake&quot;; Gurēsī dialect ''budyōnṷ'' [[Intransitive verb|intransitive]] &quot;to wake&quot;; [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] ''bọ̆du'', &quot;quick of understanding (especially of a child)&quot;; [[Sindhi language|Sindhī]] ''ḇudho'', past [[participle]] ([[Passive voice|passive]]) of ''ḇujhaṇu'', &quot;to understand&quot; from ''búdhyatē'', West [[Pahari languages|Pahāṛī]] ''buddhā'', preterite  of ''bujṇā'', &quot;to know&quot;; [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] ''buj'' (''j'' written for ''d''), ''budu'', ''bud'', ''but'', &quot;the Buddha&quot;.
|archive-date= 17 Hulyo 2012
|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120717085826/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.soas.1976481
|url-status= dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; An oras nga natawo hiya ngan kamatayan in waray kasasabti: urog nga unhan nga ika-20 nga gatostuig nga historyano in nagpepetsa han iya kinabuhi ha 563 BCE ngadto ha 483 UC&lt;ref&gt;L. S. Cousins (1996), &quot;[http://indology.info/papers/cousins The dating of the historical Buddha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226184207/http://indology.info/papers/cousins/ |date=2011-02-26 }}: a review article&quot;, ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'' '''(3)6(1)''': 57–63.&lt;/ref&gt;, pero ha mas bag-o nga opinyon in nagpepetsa han iya kamatayan ha butnga han 486 ngan 483 BCE o, sumala han iba, ha kabutngaan han 411 ngan 400 UC.&lt;ref&gt;See the consensus in the essays by leading scholars in ''The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha'' (2003) Edited by A. K. Narain. B. R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7646-353-1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
&quot;If, as is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material, ..., necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE....&quot; —Paul Dundas, ''The Jains'', 2nd edition, ([[Routledge]], 2001), [http://books.google.com/books?id=5ialKAbIyV4C&amp;pg=PA24 p. 24.]&lt;/ref&gt; Base han pipira nga arkelohikal nga pananabutan nga mga sinurat, hi Buddha in natawo ha Lumbini, kabag-ohan nga Nepal&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666|title=Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=26 Mayo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031180234/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;, nga uska UNESCO world heritage site.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;/&gt; An iba nga pananabutan arkeyolohikal in nagtitigo nga hi Buddha in natawo ha Kapilavastu ha Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, kabag-ohan nga Indya o Kapileswara, Orissa, kabag-ohan nga India.&lt;ref name=&quot;V and A&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html|title=Kapilavastu|accessdate=1 Marso 2011|archive-date=8 Enero 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108040311/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2013-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603040336/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff1&quot;&gt;http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/16spec.htm&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orissa-gov&quot;&gt;http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Hiya in nanudlo ha mga rehiyon han sinirangan nga dapit han Indya sugad han Magadha ngan Kośala.&lt;ref&gt;Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism''. 2000. p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Skilton, Andrew. ''A Concise History of Buddhism.'' 2004. p. 41&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi Gautama, ginkikilala gihap komo Śākyamuni, an panguna nga kusog han Buddhismo, ngan an mga nahabaruan han iya kinabuhi, pakikipagkurukayakan, ngan surundan monastico in gintutuuhan han mga Buddhista nga dinalikyat kahuman han iya kamatayan ngan gintitigamnan han iya mga manurunod. An mga dirudilain nga mga koleksyon han nasusumpay ha iya mga tinutdo in ginpapasapasa ha linuwas nga nahigaraan, ngan syahan nga sinurat pagkahuman han 400 ka tuig nga sinmunod.

Ha Hinduismo, hiya in gindudunggan komo usa ha napulo nga mga avatar han Diyos Vishnu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | date = 1997 | chapter=Buddha as depicted in the Purāṇas | title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7 | author1=Nagendra Kumar Singh | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. | isbn=9788174881687 | pages=260–275 | url=http://books.google.com/?id=UG9-HZ5icQ4C&amp;pg=PA260 | postscript=&lt;!--None--&gt; }}{{Dead link|date=October 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. List of Hindu scripture that declares Gautama Buddha as 9th Avatar of Vishnu as as follows
[Harivamsha (1.41) Vishnu Purana (3.18) Bhagavata Purana (1.3.24, 2.7.37, 11.4.23 Bhagavata Purana 1.3.24 [http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/24/en1 Bhagavata Purana 1.3.24] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235132/http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/24/en1 |date=2007-09-26 }},
Garuda Purana (1.1, 2.30.37, 3.15.26) Agni Purana (160.Narada Purana (2.72)Linga Purana (2.71) Padma Purana (3.252) etc. [http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/en1 Bhagavata Purana, Canto 1, Chapter 3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521022342/http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/en1 |date=2013-05-21 }} - SB 1.3.24: &quot;Then, in the beginning of Kali-yuga, the Lord will appear as Lord Buddha, the son of Anjana, in the province of Gaya, just for the purpose of deluding those who are envious of the faithful theist.&quot; ... The [[Bhavishya Purana]] contains the following: &quot;At this time, reminded of the Kali Age, the god Vishnu became born as Gautama, the [[Shakyamuni]], and taught the Buddhist dharma for ten years. Then Shuddodana ruled for twenty years, and Shakyasimha for twenty. At the first stage of the [[Kali Yuga|Kali Age]], the path of the Vedas was destroyed and all men became Buddhists. Those who sought refuge with Vishnu were deluded.&quot; Found in Wendy O'Flaherty, ''Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology.'' University of California Press, 1976, page 203. Note also SB 1.3.28: &quot;All of the above-mentioned incarnations [avatars] are either plenary portions or portions of the plenary portions of the Lord [Krishna or Vishnu]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;. Hiya in gindudunggan komo diyos o manaragna ha iba nga mga relihiyon han kalibutan o mga denominasyon sugad han kiwa relihiyosa nga Ahmadiyya Islamico&lt;ref name=&quot;Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat&quot;&gt;[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&amp;pg=PA26&amp;dq=ahmadiyya+buddha&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=wbZHTbfyBcWYhQeO-eS9BQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=ahmadiyya%20buddha&amp;f=false Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat] Retrieved on February 2011&lt;/ref&gt; ngan panuo Bahá'í.

==Mga kasarigan==
;Mga kasuratan
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

;Mga kasarigan
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
* {{cite book|last=Ambedkar|first=B.R.|authorlink=B. R. Ambedkar|title=[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]| date = 1957|location=Bombay|publisher=People's Education Society}}
* {{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=Karen|title=Buddha|url=https://archive.org/details/buddha0000arms|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Books| date = 2001}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Bechert|editor-first=Heinz| date = 1996|title=When Did the Buddha Live? The Controversy on the Dating of the Historical Buddha|location=Delhi|publisher=Sri Satguru}}
* {{cite book|last=Conze|first=Edward, trans.|title=Buddhist Scriptures|url=https://archive.org/details/buddhistscriptur0000unse|location=London|publisher=Penguin Books| date = 1959}}
* {{cite book|last=Ñāṇamoli|first=Bhikku|title=The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon|edition=3rd| date = 1992|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society|location=Kandy, Sri Lanka}}
* {{cite book|last=Ortner|first=Jon|title=Buddha|url=https://archive.org/details/buddha0000ortn|location=New York|publisher=Welcome Books| date = 2003}}
* {{cite book|last=Rahula|first=Walpola|title=What the Buddha Taught|url=https://archive.org/details/whatbuddhataught00walp|edition=2nd| date = 1974|publisher=Grove Press|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|last1=Reps|first1=Paul|first2=Nyogen|last2=Senzaki|authorlink2=Nyogen Senzaki|title=Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings|location=New York|publisher=Doubleday| date = 1957}}
* {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=Richard H.|first2=Willard L.|last2=Johnson|first3=Sandra A.|last3=Wawrytko|first4=Geoffrey|last4=DeGraff|title=The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/buddhistreligion0000robi| date = 1996|publisher=Wadsworth Publishing Co.|location=Belmont, California}}
* {{cite book|last=Sathe |first=Shriram|title=Dates of the Buddha|publisher=Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti|location=Hyderabad| date = 1987}}
* {{cite book|last1=Senzaki|first1=Nyogen|authorlink=Nyogen Senzaki|last2=McCandless|first2=Ruth Strout|title=Buddhism and Zen|url=https://archive.org/details/buddhismzen00senz| date = 1953|publisher=Philosophical Library|location=New York}}

{{Commons category|Paintings of Life of Gautama Buddha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddha, Gautama}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 483 UC]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 563 UC]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga buddha]]
[[Kaarangay:Gautama Buddha| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Viking</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7334" sha1="e5d38wsgyj6zeu7pkpvzjgq4ihtjd1v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Wikinger.jpg|thumb]]

An '''Viking''' amo an mga taga Escandinavia nga mga ekplorador, sundalo, negosyante ngan pirata nga nansulong ngan nan-angkon hin halapad nga katunaan ha Europa ha urhi nga ika 8 ngadto ha unhan han 11 siglo.

==Pinanbasran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book|last1=Brink|first1=Stefan|editor1-last=Brink|editor1-first=Stefan|editor2-last=Price|editor2-first=Neil|title=The Viking World|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415692625|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415692625|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415692625/page/4 4]–10|chapter=Who were the Vikings?}}
*{{cite book|last = Derry|first=T.K.|year=2012|title=A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland|publisher=London and Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-81663-799-7}}
*{{cite book|first1=William W.|last1=Fitzhugh|first2=Elisabeth I. |last2=Ward|title=Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga ; (an Exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., April 29, 2000 - September 5, 2000)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fpZgQgAACAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=9781560989707}}
*{{cite book|first=Richard Andrew|last=Hall|title=The World of the Vikings|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bK1TngEACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson|isbn=9780500051443}}
*{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Hall|title=Viking Age Archaeology in Britain and Ireland|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Av2IngEACAAJ|date=January 1990|publisher=Shire|isbn=9780747800637}}
*{{cite book|last=Lindqvist|first=Thomas|editor-first=Knut|editor-last=Helle|title=The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PFBtfXG6fXAC|date=4 September 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=160–67|chapter=Early Political Organisation: (a) An Introductory Survey|isbn=9780521472999}}
* {{cite book|first=Else|last=Roesdahl|title=The Vikings|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=148Meh36BxEC|year=1998|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=9780140252828}}
* {{cite book|first=Peter Hayes|last=Sawyer|author-link=Peter Hayes Sawyer|title=Age of the Vikings|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WBGemwEACAAJ|date=1 February 1972|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780312013653}}
* {{cite book|first=Gareth |last=Williams|editor1-first=James|editor1-last=Graham-Campbell|editor2-first=Gareth|editor2-last=Williams|title=Silver Economy in the Viking Age|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KbiVoK0rg1gC|year=2007|publisher=Left Coast Press|pages=177–214|chapter=Kingship, Christianity and coinage: monetary and political perspectives on silver economy in the Viking Age|isbn=9781598742220}}
{{Refend}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|first=Fritz|last=Askeberg|title=Norden och kontinenten i gammal tid: studier i forngermansk kulturhistoria|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7FTUAAAAMAAJ|year=1944|publisher=Almqvist &amp; Wiksells boktr.}}
* {{cite book|first=Clare|last=Downham|title=Viking kings of Britain and Ireland: the dynasty of ́Ívarr to A.D. 1014|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j-sWAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press|isbn=9781903765890}}
* Downham, Clare (2011). &quot;Viking Ethnicities. A Historiographic Overview&quot;, ''History Compass'' 10.1 (2012), pp.&amp;nbsp;1–12. [https://www.academia.edu/1499804/Viking_Ethnicities_A_historiographic_overview PDF Academic.edu - registration required]
* {{cite book|first=Dawn|last=Hadley|title=The Vikings in England: Settlement, Society and Culture|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9waAwoLwZUMC|year=2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719059827}}
* {{cite book|last=Heide|first=Eldar|title=Arkiv för nordisk filologi|url=http://eldar-heide.net/Publikasjonar%20til%20heimesida/viking%20rowshift.pdf|format=PDF|volume=120|year=2005|publisher=C.W.K. Gleerup|pages=41–54|chapter=Víking – 'rower shifting'? An etymological contribution}}
* {{cite book|last=Heide|first=Eldar|title=Arkiv för nordisk filologi|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6bIbAQAAMAAJ|archiveurl=http://eldar-heide.net/Publikasjonar%20til%20heimesida/Week,%20Viking%20Heide%20ANF%202008.pdf|archivedate=2008|format=PDF|chapter=Viking, week, and Widsith. A reply to Harald Bjorvand|volume=123|year=2008|publisher=C.W.K. Gleerup|pages=23–28}}
* {{cite book|first=Richard|last=Hodges|authorlink=Richard Hodges (archaeologist)|title=Goodbye to the Vikings: Re-Reading Early Medieval Archaeology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4CVnAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Gerald Duckworth &amp; Company Limited|isbn=9780715634295}}
* {{cite book|first=Fredrik|last=Svanberg|title=Decolonizing the Viking Age|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HxdpAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Almqvist &amp; Wiksell International|isbn=9789122020066}}
*{{cite book|last1=Wamers|first1=Egon|title=Insularer Metallschmuck in wikingerzeitlichen Gräbern Nordeuropas. Untersuchungen zur skandinavischen Westexpansion|date=1985|publisher=Karl Wachholtz|location=Neumünster|isbn=9783529011566}}
*{{cite book|last1=Wamers|first1=Egon|editor1-last=Clarke|editor1-first=H.B.|editor2-last=Mhaonaigh|editor2-first=M. Ní|editor3-last=Floinn|editor3-first=R. Ó.|title=Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age|date=1998|publisher=Four Courts Press|location=Dublin|isbn=9781851822355|pages=37–72|chapter=Insular Finds in Viking Age Scandinavia and the State Formation of Norway}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wawn|first1=M.A.|title=The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth Century Britain|date=2000|publisher=Boydell and Brewer|location=Woodbridge|isbn=9780859916448}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wiktionary|Viking}}
{{Commons category|Viking Age}}
{{Wikisource|Northmen}}
* [http://www.history.com/topics/vikings Vikings]—View videos at The History Channel
* [http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-Vikings.htm Copenhagen-Portal&amp;nbsp;– The Danish Vikings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927003754/http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-Vikings.htm |date=2014-09-27 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/ BBC: History of Vikings]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-628781/Viking Encyclopædia Britannica: Viking, or Norseman, or Northman, or Varangian (people)]
* [http://www.lofotr.no/index.asp Borg Viking museum, Norway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707061732/http://www.lofotr.no/index.asp |date=2014-07-07 }}
* [http://www.uib.no/jais/v003/montgo1.pdf Ibn Fadlan and the Rusiyyah, by James E. Montgomery, with full translation of Ibn Fadlan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109083859/http://www.uib.no/jais/v003/montgo1.pdf |date=2006-11-09 }}
* [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/Onlineresources/RWWC/themes/1295/1288 Reassessing what we collect website&amp;nbsp;– Viking and Danish London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519062500/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/Onlineresources/RWWC/themes/1295/1288 |date=2008-05-19 }} History of Viking and Danish London with objects and images
*Wawm, Andrew, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/revival_01.shtml The Viking Revival] - BBC Online, Ancient History in Depth (updated 17 February 2011)</text>
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    <title>Matugnaw nga Gyera</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>126</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Mikhail_Gorbachev_at_the_first_Summit_in_Geneva,_Switzerland.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Gorbachev_at_The_First_Summit_in_Geneva_Switzerland_-_DPLA_-_b</comment>
      <origin>7783461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="532" sha1="le0m3ab2f1ezf8j9xc4ekdap0b1n957" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev at The First Summit in Geneva Switzerland - DPLA - b534f3d00bb05c3cc293789b180d2116.jpg|thumb]]

An '''Mahagkot nga Gyera''' o '''Matugnaw nga Gyera''' nahitabo ha butnga han 1945 ngadto ha 1991. An duha nga tunay nga magkaaway, an [[Estados Unidos]] ngan an [[Sobyet Unyon]], waray atunbangay nga nakipaggyera, kundi an ita mga batos la. Damo nga natawo an nahadlok nga mangadto ini ha [[Gyera Nuclear]] pero waray ini nahitabo. 

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>le0m3ab2f1ezf8j9xc4ekdap0b1n957</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nasyonalismó</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17554</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783389</id>
      <parentid>7748544</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:27:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8332" sha1="s1cmkgvkdex9qs2x7j6c771o9fpy3zs" xml:space="preserve">An '''nasyonalismó'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 245.&lt;/ref&gt; amo an usa ka ideyolohiya o kiwa politikal nga nauuyon nga an nasod nga gintukod ha paniniguro maglugaring amo la it lehitimo nga pamaagi ngan nakabase ha usa nga magkapareha nga kaagi o durungan nga kakadtoan.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
* {{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|title=Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism | date = 1983 |publisher=Verso |location=London |isbn=0-86091-059-8 |authorlink=Benedict Anderson |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4mmoZFtCpuoC&amp;printsec=frontcover |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Azurmendi |first=Joxe |authorlink=Joxe Azurmendi |title=Historia, arraza, nazioa. Renan eta nazionalismoaren inguruko topiko batzuk | date = 2014|edition=|publisher=Elkar |location=Donostia |isbn=978-84-9027-297-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Billig |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Billig |title=Banal Nationalism |publisher=Sage |location=London | date = 1995 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VV18cdwqVf4C&amp;printsec=frontcover |isbn=0-8039-7525-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last =Delanty | editor-first =Gerard |editor2-last=Kumar |editor2-first=Krishan |editor2-link=Krishan Kumar |title=The Sage Handbook of Nations and Nationalism |location =London |publisher=Sage Publications |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3Y3zK_jyagQC&amp;printsec=frontcover |isbn=1-4129-0101-4 | date = 2006 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=James |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul James (academic) |title=Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community | url= http://books.google.com.au/books?isbn=0761950737 | date = 1996 |publisher=Sage Publications |location=London |isbn=0-7619-5072-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=James |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul James (academic) |title=Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In |url= http://www.academia.edu/1642214/Globalism_Nationalism_Tribalism_Bringing_Theory_Back_In_author_Sage_Publications_London_2006 | date = 2006 | publisher= Sage Publications |location=London}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kymlicka |first=Will |authorlink=Will Kymlicka |title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford | date = 1995 |isbn=0-19-827949-3 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w5Kaqqy-W78C&amp;printsec=frontcover |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| date = 2001 |editor-last=Leoussi |editor-first =Athena S. |title=Encyclopedia of Nationalism |location=New Brunswick, N.J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9_vuJusOJkMC&amp;pg=PA62 |isbn=0-7658-0002-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| last= Miller| first=David |authorlink=David Miller (political theorist) |title=On Nationality |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford | date = 1995 |isbn=0-19-828047-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=naLMTURfICAC&amp;printsec=frontcover |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| date = 2001| editor-link=Alexander J. Motyl|editor-last=Motyl|editor-first =Alexander|title=Encyclopedia of Nationalism|volume=1|location=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press |isbn=0-12-227230-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |author-link=Louis Leo Snyder |last=Snyder |first=Louis L. |title=Encyclopedia of Nationalism |location=New York |publisher=Paragon House |isbn=1-55778-167-2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=8ogYAAAAIAAJ | date = 1990 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book | date = 1999 |editor-last=Spira |editor-first=Thomas |editor-link=Thomas Spira |title=Nationalism and Ethnicity Terminologies: An Encyclopedic Dictionary and Research Guide |publication-place=Gulf Breeze, FL |publisher=Academic International Press |url=http://www.ai-press.com/NET.html |isbn=0-87569-205-2 |ref=harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316213557/http://www.ai-press.com/NET.html |date=2009-03-16 }}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* {{cite book |last=Breuilly |first=John |title=Nationalism and the State |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalismstate0000breu_s6p6 | date = 1994|edition=2nd|publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=0-226-07414-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Brubaker |first=Rogers |authorlink=Rogers Brubaker |title=Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalismrefra0000brub | date = 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-57224-X |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=De Benoist |first1=Alain |date=Summer 2004 |title=On Identity |journal=[[Telos]] |volume=2004 |issue=128 |url=http://journal.telospress.com/cgi/content/abstract/2004/128/9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Greenfeld|first=Liah|title=Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalismfiver0000gree_x0x6| date = 1992 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Mass |isbn=0-674-60318-4 |authorlink=Liah Greenfeld|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hobsbawm |first=Eric J. |authorlink=Eric Hobsbawm |title=Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality | date = 1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-43961-2 |edition=2nd|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Jusdanis |first=Gregory |title=The Necessary Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/necessarynation0000jusd | date = 2001 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=0-691-07029-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Malesevic |first=Sinisa |authorlink=Sinisa Malesevic |title=Identity As Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism |url=https://archive.org/details/identityasideolo0000male | date = 2006 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Basingstoke [England] |isbn=1-4039-8786-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Malesevic |first=Sinisa |authorlink=Sinisa Malesevic |title=Nation-States and Nationalisms:Organization, Ideology and Solidarity | date = 2013 |publisher=Polity |location=Cambridge [England] |isbn= 978-0-7456-5339-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ |title=Nationalism |first=Nenad |last=Miscevic |date=1 Hunyo 2010 |work=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}
* {{cite journal |date=Spring 2010 |title=Nations and Nationalism |journal=[[Harvard Asia Pacific Review]] |volume=11 |issue=1 |url=http://issuu.com/harvard_asia_pacific_review/docs/hapr11.1?viewMode=magazine |issn=1522-1113|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Özkirimli |first=Umut |authorlink=Umut Özkirimli |title=Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction |edition=2nd | date = 2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=0-230-57732-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Royce |first1=Mathias O. |date=5 Agosto 2010 |title=The Rise and Propagation of Political Right-Wing Extremism: The Identification and Assessment of Common Sovereign Economic and Socio-Demographic Determinants |series=Working Paper Series |publisher=[[Swiss Management Center]] |ssrn=1701742|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |url= http://nationalityinworldhistory.net/index.html |title= Nationality: The History of a Social Phenomenon |last1= White |first1= Philip L. |authorlink1= Philip L. White |last2= White |first2= Michael Lee |date= 2008 |work= Nationality in World History |access-date= 2015-01-27 |archive-date= 2013-03-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130307060027/http://nationalityinworldhistory.net/index.html |url-status=  }}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|voy=no}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook17.asp |title=Nationalism |work=Internet Modern History Sourcebook |publisher=[[Fordham University]] |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-date=2014-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028175309/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.asp |url-status= }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalismproject.org/ |title=The Nationalism Project |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=Association for Research on Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Americas |publisher=[[University of South Carolina]] |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-date=2019-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002100619/http://www.nationalismproject.org/ |url-status=dead }}</text>
      <sha1>s1cmkgvkdex9qs2x7j6c771o9fpy3zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ateismo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783390</id>
      <parentid>7760129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:28:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 3 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783390</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19593" sha1="r6vvsb1p84ebt5lqqvwgfn4udrn8s9v" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ephesians 2,12 - Greek atheos.jpg|thumb]]
An '''Ateismo''' amo in diri pagkarawat han [[teismo]], o an pandidig-on nga an mga diyos diri ungod. Ha gihahaluagi nga panhunahuna, amo ini an kawarayan hin pagtoo ha pagkakamayada hin mga diyos.

Nagtikang an pulong nga ateismo ha [[Griniyego]] nga {{lang|grc|[[:en:wikt:ἄθεος|ἄθεος]]}} (''atheos''), kasirigngon &quot;waray mga diyos&quot;, nga amo an sunlog ha hin-o man nga mga gindududahan nga diri nakarawat hin mga diyos nga ginaampo han kadam-an.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Armstrong
|first=Karen
|authorlink=Karen Armstrong
|title=A History of God
|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgod00unse
| date = 1999
|location=London
|publisher=Vintage
|isbn=0-09-927367-5
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Baggini
|first=Julian
|authorlink=Julian Baggini
|title=Atheism: A Very Short Introduction
|url=https://archive.org/details/atheismveryshort0000bagg
| date = 2003
|publisher=Oxford: Oxford University Press
|isbn=0-19-280424-3
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Barker
|first=Dan
|authorlink=Dan Barker
|title=Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists
| date = 2008
|location=New York
|publisher=Ulysses Press
|isbn=978-1-56975-677-5
|ol=24313839M
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Bradlaugh |first1 = Charles |authorlink = Charles Bradlaugh
|last2=Besant |first2=Annie
|last3=Bradlaugh |first3=Alice
|last4=Moss |first4=A. B.
|last5=Cattell |first5=C. C.
|last6=Standring |first6=G.
|last7=Aveling |first7=E.
|title = The Atheistic Platform
| date = 1884
|location = London
|publisher = Freethought Publishing
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Dawkins
|first=Richard
|authorlink=Richard Dawkins
|title=The God Delusion
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yq1xDpicghkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=The%20God%20Delusion&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
| date = 2006
|publisher=Bantam Press
|isbn=0-593-05548-9
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last=Edwards
|first=Paul
|authorlink=Paul Edwards (philosopher)
|title=Atheism
|publisher=MacMillan Reference USA (Gale)
|editor=Donald M. Borchert
|origyear=1967
| date = 2005
|edition=2nd
|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
|volume=Vol. 1
|page=359
|isbn=978-0-02-865780-6
|ref=harv}}&lt;!-- (page 175 in 1967 edition) --&gt;
* {{Cite book
|last=Flew
|first=Antony
|authorlink=Antony Flew
|title=The Presumption of Atheism, and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality
|url=https://archive.org/details/presumptionofath0000flew_e4d9
|location=New York
|publisher=Barnes and Noble
| date = 1976
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Flint
|first=Robert
|authorlink=Robert Flint
|title=Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88
| date = 1903
|publisher=William Blackwood and Sons
|ol=7193167M
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|encyclopedia=The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief
|editor-last=Flynn
|editor-first=Tom
|editor-link=Tom Flynn (author)
|publisher=Prometheus Books
|date=25 Oktubre 2007
|isbn=978-1-59102-391-3
|ol=8851140M
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YR4RAQAAIAAJ
|ref=harv
|title=The new encyclopedia of unbelief}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Harris
|first=Sam
|authorlink=Sam Harris (author)
|title=The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason
|url=https://archive.org/details/endoffaithreligi00harr
|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company
| date = 2005
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Harris
|first=Sam
|authorlink=Sam Harris (author)
|title=Letter to a Christian Nation
|date=19 Septyembre 2006
|publisher=Knopf
|isbn=978-0-307-27877-7
|ol=25353925M
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RlZATs3xD0gC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PP1
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal
|last=Harris
|first=Sam
|authorlink=Sam Harris (author)
|title=The Myth of Secular Moral Chaos
|journal=[[Free Inquiry]]
|issn=0272-0701
|date= Abril 2006
|volume=26
|issue=3
|url=https://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/articles/2863 &lt;!--- requires subscription --&gt;
| accessdate= 21 Nobyembre 2013
|ref=harv}} [http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/the-myth-of-secular-moral-chaos alternate URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224084447/http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/the-myth-of-secular-moral-chaos/ |date= 24 Pebrero 2015 }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Hitchens
|first=Christopher
|authorlink=Christopher Hitchens
|title=god Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything
|publisher=Random House
| date = 2007
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sGgoYfGyqSMC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PP1
|ref=harv
|isbn=978-0-7710-4143-3}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Hume
|first=David
|authorlink=David Hume
|title=[[s:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion|Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion]]
| date = 1779
|ol=7145748M
|location=London
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Hume
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|title=[[s:An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding|An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]]
| date = 1748
|location=London
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite news
|last=Landsberg
|first=Mitchell
|title=Atheists, agnostics most knowledgeable about religion, survey says |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928
|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]
|date=28 Septyembre 2010
|accessdate= 8 Abril 2011
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180716/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928
| archivedate= 11 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Martin
|first=Michael
|authorlink=Michael Martin (philosopher)
|title=Atheism: A Philosophical Justification
|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
|location=Philadelphia
|publisher=Temple University Press
| date = 1990
|isbn=978-0-87722-642-0
|ol=8110936M
| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174319/http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&amp;pg=PP1| archivedate= 19 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|editor-last=Martin
|editor-first=Michael
|editor-link=Michael Martin (philosopher)
|title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&amp;pg=PA8#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
|location=Cambridge
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
| date = 2006
|isbn=0-521-84270-0
|ol=22379448M
| accessdate= 25 Nobyembre 2013
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last=Nielsen
|first=Kai
|authorlink=Kai Nielsen (philosopher)
|title=Atheism
|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
| date = 2013
|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism
|accessdate= 25 Nobyembre 2013
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=lnuwFH_M5o0C&amp;pg=PA530 |first=William L. |last=Rowe |authorlink=William L. Rowe |encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |title=Atheism | date = 1998 |editor=Edward Craig |isbn=978-0-415-07310-3 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis
|accessdate= 9 Abril 2011
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Russell
|first=Bertrand
|authorlink=Bertrand Russell
|title=Why I am not a Christian, and other essays on religion and related subjects
|url=https://archive.org/details/whyiamnotchristi1649russ
|publisher=Simon and Schuster
| date = 1957
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Sartre
|first=Jean-Paul
|author-link=Jean-Paul Sartre
|origyear=1946
|contribution=Existentialism and Humanism
|editor-last=Priest
|editor-first=Stephen
|title=Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings
| date = 2001
|publisher=Routledge
|location=London
|page=45
|isbn=0-415-21367-3
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Sartre
|first=Jean-Paul
|author-link=Jean-Paul Sartre
|origyear=1946
|contribution=An existentialist ethics
| date = 2004
|editor-last=Gensler
|editor-first=Harry J.
|editor2-last=Spurgin
|editor2-first=Earl W.
|editor3-last=Swindal
|editor3-first=James C.
|title=Ethics: Contemporary Readings
|place=London
|publisher=Routledge
|page=127
|isbn=0-415-25680-1
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Shermer
|first=Michael
|authorlink=Michael Shermer
|title=How We Believe: Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God
|publisher=William H Freeman
| date = 1999
|location=New York
|isbn=0-7167-3561-X
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Smith
|first=George H.
|authorlink=George H. Smith
|title=Atheism: The Case Against God
|url=https://archive.org/details/atheismcaseagain0000smit_c3p0
| date = 1979
|location = Buffalo, New York
|publisher=Prometheus Books
|isbn=0-87975-124-X
|lccn=79002726
|ol=4401616M
|ref=harv
}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Stenger
|first=Victor J.
|authorlink=Victor J. Stenger
|title=God: The Failed Hypothesis—How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist
|url=https://archive.org/details/godfailedhypothe0000sten
| date = 2007
|publisher=Prometheus Books
|location=Amherst, New York
|isbn=978-1-59102-652-5
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Stenger
|first=Victor J.
|authorlink=Victor J. Stenger
|title=The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason
|date=22 Septyembre 2009
|publisher=Prometheus
|isbn=1-59102-751-9
|url=http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html
|accessdate= 23 Hulyo 2009
|ref=harv
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011014538/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html |date= 11 Oktubre 2012 }}
* {{Cite book
 |last             = Zdybicka
 |first            = Zofia J.
 |date             = 2005
 |contribution     = Atheism
 |url              = http://ptta.pl/pef
 |contribution-url = http://ptta.pl/pef/haslaen/a/atheism.pdf
 |editor-first     = Andrzej
 |editor-last      = Maryniarczyk
 |title            = Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 |volume           = 1
 |publisher        = Polish Thomas Aquinas Association
 |ref              = harv
 |postscript       = &lt;!--None--&gt;
 |accessdate       = 9 Abril 2011
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312032653/http://ptta.pl/pef/ |date=2021-03-12 }}
{{refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Berman
|first=David
|title=A History of Atheism in Britain: From Hobbes to Russell
| date = 1990
|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Li4OAAAAQAAJ&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=A%20History%20of%20Atheism%20in%20Britain%3A%20From%20Hobbes%20to%20Russell&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
|publisher=London: Routledge
|isbn=0-415-04727-7}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Buckley
|first=M. J.
|title=At the Origins of Modern Atheism
| date = 1990
|isbn=0-300-04897-1
|publisher=New Haven, CT: Yale University Press}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Flew
|first=Antony
|authorlink=Antony Flew
|title=God and Philosophy
|publisher=Prometheus Books
|isbn=1-59102-330-0
| date = 2005}}
*{{Cite book|editor=Tom Flynn|title=The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781591023913| date = 2007|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Buffalo, NY|isbn=1-59102-391-2}}
* {{Cite book
|editor=Gaskin, J.C.A.
|title=Varieties of Unbelief: From Epicurus to Sartre
|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780023406812
|publisher=•New York: Macmillan
| date = 1989
|isbn=0-02-340681-X}}
* {{Cite journal
|last=Germani
|first=Alan
|title=The Mystical Ethics of the New Atheists
|journal=The Objective Standard
|volume=3
|issue=3
|publisher=Glen Allen Press
|date=15 Septyembre 2008
|url=http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp
| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110428193621/http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp| archivedate= 28 Abril 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Harbour
|first=Daniel
|title=[[An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism]]
|publisher=London: Duckworth
|isbn=0-7156-3229-9
| date = 2003}}
*{{Cite news|url=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html|title=The Problem with Atheism|last=Harris|first=Sam|date=2 Oktubre 2007|work=[[The Washington Post]]| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110524071308/http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html| archivedate= 24 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}
* Howson, Colin (2011). ''Objecting to God.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-18665-0
* {{Cite book
|last=Jacoby
|first=Susan
|authorlink=Susan Jacoby
|title=Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism
|url=https://archive.org/details/freethinkershist0000jaco
| date = 2004
|publisher=Metropolitan Books
|isbn=978-0-8050-7442-0}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Krueger
|first=D. E.
|title=What is Atheism?: A Short Introduction
|url=https://archive.org/details/whatisatheismsho0000krue
|publisher=New York: Prometheus
| date = 1998
|isbn=1-57392-214-5}}
* {{Cite journal|doi=10.1177/0952695112441301|title=The evolution of atheism: Scientific and humanistic approaches| date = 2012|last1=Ledrew|first1=S.|journal=History of the Human Sciences|volume=25|issue=3|page=70}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Le Poidevin
|first=R.
|title=Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion
|publisher=London: Routledge
|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=M4YlYZi_cMUC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Arguing%20for%20Atheism%3A%20An%20Introduction%20to%20the%20Philosophy%20of%20Religion&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
| date = 1996
|isbn=0-415-09338-4}}
*{{Cite book|last=Mackie|first=J. L.|authorlink=J. L. Mackie|title=The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God|url=https://archive.org/details/miracleoftheisma0000mack| date = 1982|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-824682-X}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Maritain
|first=Jacques
|title=The Range of Reason
|publisher=London: Geoffrey Bles
| date = 1952
|url=http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/range.htm
|accessdate= 15 Abril 2013}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Martin
|first=Michael
|authorlink=Michael Martin (philosopher)
|title=Atheism: A Philosophical Justification
|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
|location=Philadelphia
|publisher=Temple University Press
| date = 1990
|isbn=0-87722-943-0
| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174319/http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&amp;pg=PP1| archivedate= 19 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}
*{{Cite book|editor=Michael Martin &amp; Ricki Monnier|title=The Impossibility of God|url=https://archive.org/details/impossibilityofg0000unse| date = 2003|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Buffalo, NY|isbn=1-59102-120-0}}
*{{Cite book|editor=Michael Martin &amp; Ricki Monnier|title=The Improbability of God|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781591023814| date = 2006|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Buffalo, NY|isbn=1-59102-381-5}}
*{{Cite book|last1=McTaggart|first1=John|last2=McTaggart|first2=Ellis|title=Some Dogmas of Religion|edition =New| date = 1930|publisher=Edward Arnold &amp; Co.|location=London|isbn=0-548-14955-0|origyear=1906}}
*{{Cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Kai|authorlink=Kai Nielsen (philosopher)|title=Philosophy and Atheism
|url=https://archive.org/details/philosophyatheis0000niel| date = 1985|publisher=New York: Prometheus|isbn=0-87975-289-0}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Nielsen
|first=Kai
|title=Naturalism and Religion
|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalismreligi0000niel
| date = 2001
|isbn=1-57392-853-4
|publisher=New York: Prometheus}}
*{{Cite book | last=Onfray |first= Michel | date = 2007 |title=Atheist Manifesto|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true| publisher= Arcade Publishing |location= New York | isbn = 978-1-55970-820-3 | accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174449/http://books.google.ca/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&amp;pg=PP1| archivedate= 19 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Oppy
|first=Graham
|authorlink=Graham Oppy
| date = 2006
|title=Arguing about Gods
|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DlVtfUxPD14C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Arguing%20about%20Gods&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=0-521-86386-4
| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174846/http://books.google.ca/books?id=DlVtfUxPD14C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Arguing%20about%20Gods&amp;pg=PP1| archivedate= 19 Mayo 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}
* {{Cite journal
|last=Rafford
|first=R. L.
| date = 1987
|title=Atheophobia—an introduction
|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_religious-humanism_winter-1987_21_1/page/32
|journal=Religious Humanism
|volume=21
|issue=1
|pages=32–37 }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Robinson
|first=Richard
|title=An Atheist's Values
|url=http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/athval0.htm
|isbn=0-19-824191-7
|publisher=Oxford: Clarendon Press
| date = 1964
| accessdate= 9 Abril 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110425091126/http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/athval0.htm| archivedate= 25 Abril 2011 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}
* Rosenberg, Alex (2011). ''The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life Without Illusions.'' New York: W. W. Norton &amp; Co. ISBN 978-0-393-08023-0
*{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Russell |first=Paul |editor=Edward N. Zalta |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Hume on Religion |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/ |edition=2013 |date=11 Pebrero 2013 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab | accessdate= 24 Nobyembre 2013 }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Sharpe
|first=R.A.
|title=The Moral Case Against Religious Belief
|url=https://archive.org/details/moralcaseagainst0000shar
|publisher=London: SCM Press
| date = 1997
|isbn=0-334-02680-6}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Thrower
|first=James
|title=A Short History of Western Atheism
|url=https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryofw0000unse
|publisher=London: Pemberton
| date = 1971
|isbn=0-301-71101-1}}
* Walters, Kerry (2010). ''Atheism: A Guide for the Perplexed.'' New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-2493-8
* {{Cite book
|last=Zuckerman
|first=Phil
|title=Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us About Contentment
|publisher=NYU Press
| date = 2010
|isbn=0-8147-9723-7}}
* {{Cite book
|editor-last=Zuckerman
|editor-first=Phil
|title=Atheism and secularity
| date = 2010
|publisher=Praeger
|location=Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]
|isbn=978-0-313-35183-9 }}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links}}
*{{PhilPapers|category|atheism}}
*{{InPho|idea|1006}}
*{{SEP|atheism-agnosticism/}}
*{{IEP|atheism}}
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/n-atheis The New Atheists in ''The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'']
*{{dmoz|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Atheism/|Atheism}} – Includes links to organizations and websites.
*[http://www.positiveatheism.org/tochist.htm Positive atheism: Great Historical Writings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129151309/http://www.positiveatheism.org//tochist.htm |date= 29 Nobyembre 2006 }} Historical writing sorted by authors.
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/ Religion &amp; Ethics—Atheism] at [[bbc.co.uk]].
*[http://www.infidels.org/library/ Secular Web library] – Library of both historical and modern writings, a comprehensive online resource for freely available material on atheism.
*[http://www.agreeley.com/articles/hardcore.html The Demand for Religion] – A study on the demographics of Atheism by Wolfgang Jagodzinski (University of Cologne) and Andrew Greeley (University of Chicago and University of Arizona).
[[Kaarangay:Ateismo]]</text>
      <sha1>r6vvsb1p84ebt5lqqvwgfn4udrn8s9v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sangkalibutan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 3 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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Ha [[astronomiya]], an '''sangkalibutan''' o '''uniberso''' amo an bug-os nga kawanangan ug kapanahunan, kun diin naeksister an ngatanan nga mga butang—an mga planeta (upod an aton [[Kalibotan|Kalibutan]]), an mga bitoon (upod an [[Adlaw (astronomiya)|Adlaw]]), an mga [[galaksiya]] ug an magkalain-lain pa nga mga klase hin [[Materya|butang]] ug [[enerhiya]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliograpiya==
*{{cite journal|ref=Bartel|author = Bartel |authorlink = Bartel Leendert van der Waerden|date = 1987|title = The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy|doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37224.x|bibcode = 1987NYASA.500..525V|journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume = 500|issue = 1| pages = 525–545}}
* {{cite book|ref=Landau|date = 1975|title= The Classical Theory of Fields ([[Course of Theoretical Physics]], Vol. 2)|edition = revised 4th English|publisher=Pergamon Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-08-018176-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/classicaltheoryo0000land_k6k2/page/358 358]–397|author-separator = ,|author1=Landau|author2=Lev|author3 = Lifshitz|author4 = E.M.]]|authorlink1 = Lev Landau|authorlink3 = Evgeny Lifshitz}}
*{{cite book|ref=Liddell|author=Liddell, H. G. and Scott, R. |title=A Greek-English Lexicon|year=1968|url=https://archive.org/details/greekenglishlexi0000lidd_y0v2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn= 0-19-864214-8}}
* {{cite book|ref=Misner|title = [[Gravitation (book)|Gravitation]]|location = San Francisco|publisher = W. H. Freeman|date = 1973|isbn = 978-0-7167-0344-0|pages = [https://archive.org/details/gravitation0000misn/page/703 703]–816|author-separator = ,|author1=Misner|author2=C.W.|author3 = Thorne|author4 = Kip|author5 = Wheeler|author6 = J.A.|authorlink1 = Charles W. Misner|authorlink3 = Kip Thorne|authorlink5 = John Archibald Wheeler}}
* {{cite book|ref=Rindler|author = Rindler, W.|date = 1977|title = Essential Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological|publisher = Springer Verlag|location = New York|isbn = 0-387-10090-3|pages = 193–244|authorlink = Wolfgang Rindler}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* {{cite book|author = Weinberg, S.|date = 1993|title = The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe|edition = 2nd updated|publisher = Basic Books|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-465-02437-7|oclc = 28746057|authorlink = Steven Weinberg}} For lay readers.
* {{cite book|first1=Harry|last1=Nussbaumer|first2=Lydia|last2=Bieri|first3=Allan|last3=Sandage|date = 2009|title= Discovering the Expanding Universe|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-51484-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RaNOJkQ4l14C}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Universe}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{HowStuffWorks|hole-in-Universe|Is there a hole in the Universe?}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html ''Stephen Hawking's Universe''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623201507/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html |date=2012-06-23 }}&amp;nbsp;– Why is the Universe the way it is?
* [http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmology_faq.html Cosmology FAQ]
* [http://www.shekpvar.net/~dna/Publications/Cosmos/cosmos.html Cosmos&amp;nbsp;– An &quot;illustrated dimensional journey from microcosmos to macrocosmos&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412094332/http://www.shekpvar.net/~dna/Publications/Cosmos/cosmos.html |date=2008-04-12 }}
* [http://www.co-intelligence.org/newsletter/comparisons.html Illustration comparing the sizes of the planets, the sun, and other stars]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101225211703/http://www.slate.com/id/2087206/nav/navoa/ My So-Called Universe]&amp;nbsp;– Arguments for and against an infinite and parallel universes
* [http://cosmology.lbl.gov/talks/Ho_07.pdf The Dark Side and the Bright Side of the Universe] Princeton University, Shirley Ho
* [http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/ Richard Powell: ''An Atlas of the Universe'']&amp;nbsp;– Images at various scales, with explanations
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1142346 Multiple Big Bangs]
* [http://www.exploreuniverse.com/ic/ Universe&amp;nbsp;– Space Information Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421094451/http://www.exploreuniverse.com/ic/ |date=2006-04-21 }}
* [http://www.whatisuniverse.com/content/Cosmic%20Evolution/ Cosmic Evolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125162418/http://www.whatisuniverse.com/content/Cosmic%20Evolution/ |date=2016-01-25 }}&amp;nbsp;– the Universe on a timeline

===Mga video===
* [http://irfu.cea.fr/cosmography Cosmography of the Local Universe] at irfu.cea.fr (17:35) ([http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0091 arXiv])
* [https://youtube.com/embed/17jymDn0W6U The Known Universe] created by the [[American Museum of Natural History]]
* [https://youtube.com/embed/0fKBhvDjuy0 Understand The Size Of The Universe]&amp;nbsp;– by [[Powers of Ten (film)|Powers of Ten]]
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=08LBltePDZw 3-D Video (01:46)&amp;nbsp;– Over a Million Galaxies of Billions of Stars each&amp;nbsp;– BerkeleyLab/animated]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yoga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7501" sha1="j04wqtouo283h31lbo0ms5mhq08lqbs" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A_yogi_seated_in_a_garden.jpg|thumb]]
An '''yoga''' ([[Sinanskrit]], Pāli: योग yóga) amo an mga tradisyon pisikal ngan mental nga disiplina nga nagtikang ha [[Indya]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last= Bryant |first=Edwin |authorlink= Edwin Bryant (author)|title= The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali: A New Edition, Translation, and Commentary |url= https://archive.org/details/yogastrasofpataj0000pata_g3p0 |year= 2009 |publisher= North Point Press |location= New York, USA |isbn= 978-0865477360 }}
* {{Citation | last =Crangle | first =Edward Fitzpatrick | year =1994 | title =The Origin and Development of Early Indian Contemplative Practices | publisher =Otto Harrassowitz Verlag}}
* {{cite book |last=Dhillon|first=Dalbir Singh|title=Sikhism, Origin and Development|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=osnkLKPMWykC&amp;pg=PA249|year=1988|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|id=GGKEY:BYKZE4QTGJH }}
* {{cite book | last = De Michelis | first = Elizabeth | year = 2004 | title = A History of Modern Yoga | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderny0000demi | publisher = Continuum  | location = London | isbn=0-8264-8772-6 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dumoulin|first1=Heinrich|last2=Heisig|first2=James W.|last3=Knitter|first3=Paul F.|title=Zen Buddhism: a History: India and China|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9CYeWYtYBS4C|year=2005|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc|isbn=978-0-941532-89-1 }}
* {{cite book | last = Eliade | first = Mircea | authorlink = Mircea Eliade | year = 1958 | title = Yoga: Immortality and Freedom | url = https://archive.org/details/yogaimmortalityf0000mirc | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton | isbn=978-0-691-14203-6 }}
* {{cite book | last = Feuerstein | first = Georg | authorlink = Georg Feuerstein | year = 1996 | title = The Shambhala Guide to Yoga. 1st ed. | location = Boston &amp; London | publisher = Shambhala Publications }}
* {{Citation | last =Flood | first =Gavin D. | year =1996 | title =An Introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Fowler |first=Jeaneane D. |title=The Bhagavad Gita: A Text and Commentary for Students |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zU4E5ZidVr0C |year=2012 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-84519-346-1 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* {{cite book | last = Goldberg | first = Philip | year = 2010 | title = American Veda. From Emerson and the Beatles to Yoga and Meditation. How Indian Spirituality Changed the West | url = https://archive.org/details/americanvedafrom00gold | publisher= Harmony Books | location = New York | isbn= 978-0-385-52134-5 }}
* {{cite book | last = Flood | first = Gavin | year = 1996 | title = An Introduction to Hinduism| publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | isbn=0-521-43878-0 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C }}
* {{cite book | last = Gambhirananda | first = Swami | year = 1998 | title = Madhusudana Sarasvati Bhagavad_Gita: With the annotation Gūḍhārtha Dīpikā| publisher = [[Advaita Ashrama]] Publication Department| location = Calcutta | isbn=81-7505-194-9 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Jacobsen|first1=Knut A.|last2=Larson|first2=Gerald James|title=Theory And Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TDGFFNYvrokC|year=2005|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-14757-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Larson |first=Gerald James |title=The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Yoga: India's philosophy of meditation |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p6pURGdBBmIC |year=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3349-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lidell |first=Lucy |title=The Sivananda Companion to Yoga |url=http://selfdefinition.org/yoga/Lucy%20Lidell%20-%20The%20Sivananda%20Companion%20to%20Yoga.pdf |year=1983 |publisher=Gaia Books Limited |location=London |isbn=0-684-87000-2 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722153814/http://selfdefinition.org/yoga/Lucy%20Lidell%20-%20The%20Sivananda%20Companion%20to%20Yoga.pdf |date=2014-07-22 }}
* {{cite book |last=McEvilley|first=Thomas|title=The shape of ancient thought|publisher=Allworth Communications|year=2002|isbn=978-1-58115-203-6|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Vpqr1vNWQhUC}}
* {{cite book | last = Müller | first = Max | authorlink= Max Müller |year = 1899 | title = Six Systems of Indian Philosophy; Samkhya and Yoga, Naya and Vaiseshika | publisher = Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.| location = Calcutta | isbn=0-7661-4296-5 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=hiH57a0tGpcC}} Reprint edition; Originally published under the title of &quot;The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy.&quot;
* {{cite book |last=Possehl |first=Gregory|authorlink=Gregory Possehl |title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective |year=2003 |publisher=AltaMira Press |isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC}}
* {{cite book |last=Radhakrishnan |first=S. |authorlink=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |last2=Moore|first2= California |title=A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/sourcebookinindi00radh |year=1967 |publisher=Princeton |isbn=0-691-01958-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Samuel |first=Geoffrey |title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-69534-3 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=JAvrTGrbpf4C}}
* {{cite book |last=Satyananda |first=Swami |authorlink=Swami Satyananda |title=Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha |url=http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |year=2008 |publisher=Yoga Publications Trust | location = Munger |isbn=978-81-86336-14-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Taimni |first=I. K. |title=The Science of Yoga |url=https://archive.org/details/scienceofyogayog00unse |year=1961 |publisher=The Theosophical Publishing House |location=Adyar, India |isbn=81-7059-212-7 }}
* {{cite book | title=Yoga And Indian Philosophy (1977, Reprinted in 1998) | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ | last=Werner|first= Karel | year=1998 | isbn=81-208-1609-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Whicher |first=Ian |title=The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana: A Reconsideration of Classical Yoga |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_Qo9K9hPvQgC |year=1998 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3815-2 }}
* {{Citation | last =White | first =David Gordon | year =2011 | title =Yoga, Brief History of an Idea (Chapter 1 of &quot;Yoga in practice&quot;) | publisher =Princeton University Press | url =http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i9565.pdf}}
* Worthington, Vivian (1982). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=5aI9AAAAIAAJ A History of Yoga]''. Routledge. ISBN 0-7100-9258-X.
* Wynne, Alexander [http://books.google.com/books?id=ElIupyX_SYAC&amp;pg=PA51 &quot;The Origin of Buddhist Meditation.&quot;] Routledge, 2007, ISBN 1-134-09741-7.
* {{Citation |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich |authorlink=Heinrich Zimmer |title=Philosophies of India |year=1951 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=New York, New York |isbn=0-691-01758-1 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bRQ5fpTmwoAC }} Bollingen Series XXVI; Edited by Joseph Cambell.
* Zydenbos, Robert. ''Jainism Today and Its Future''. München: Manya Verlag, 2006. p.&amp;nbsp;66
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{wiktionary|योग}}
{{Sister project links | wikt= | commons=Yoga | b=Yoga | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=Yoga | voy=no | species=no | d=no}}
* {{Dmoz|/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Yoga/|Yoga}}</text>
      <sha1>j04wqtouo283h31lbo0ms5mhq08lqbs</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buhawi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783388</id>
      <parentid>7748778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2652" sha1="406cjpkawtgutc1i0mm4hcey94n2hps" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A tornado near Anadarko, Oklahoma, on May 3, 1999.jpg|thumb]]

An '''buhawi'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 49.&lt;/ref&gt; o '''alipurós'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 8.&lt;/ref&gt; amo an bayolente, delikado nga nalibot nga hangin nga nasumpay ha tuna ngadto ha [[dampog]].

== Pinanbasaran ==
{{reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* {{cite book|author=Howard B. Bluestein|title=Tornado Alley: Monster Storms of the Great Plains|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York |year=1999|isbn=0-19-510552-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Marlene Bradford|year=2001|title=Scanning the Skies: A History of Tornado Forecasting|url=https://archive.org/details/scanningskieshis0000brad|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, OK |isbn=0-8061-3302-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Thomas P. Grazulis|date=January 1997|title=Significant Tornadoes Update, 1992–1995|url=https://archive.org/details/significanttorna0000thom|publisher=Environmental Films|location=St. Johnsbury, VT|isbn=1-879362-04-X}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links |wikt= |commons= |b= |n= |q= |s= |v= |voy=Tornado safety |species=no |d=no |display=tornado }}
* [http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms NOAA Storm Database 1950–Present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505093502/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms |date=2011-05-05 }}
* [http://www.essl.org/ESWD European Severe Weather Database]
* [http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=weather&amp;file=events/tornado/ Social &amp; Economic Costs of Tornadoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725192819/http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=weather&amp;file=events%2Ftornado%2F |date=2011-07-25 }}
* [http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/breakthroughs/tornadowarnings/welcome.html Tornado Detection and Warnings]
* [http://www.ejssm.org/ Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology]
* [http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/safety/tornadoguide.html NOAA Tornado Preparedness Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624204058/http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/safety/tornadoguide.html |date=2008-06-24 }}
* [http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/ Tornado History Project - Maps and statistics from 1950-Present]
* [http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/67/9/10.1063/PT.3.2514 Physics Today What we know and don't know about Tornadoes September 2014]</text>
      <sha1>406cjpkawtgutc1i0mm4hcey94n2hps</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elemento kimiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:34:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="11103" sha1="rkty3rkvo02qh8mvdq32sj8akcnw5ld" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
|data1 = [[File:Periodic table (polyatomic).svg|300px]]
|data2 = [[File:Hydrogen discharge tube.jpg|100px]][[File:Barium unter Argon Schutzgas Atmosphäre.jpg|100px]] 
|data3 = [[File:Copper.jpg|100px]][[File:HEUraniumC.jpg|100px]]
|data4 = [[File:Bromine vial in acrylic cube.jpg|100px]][[File:HeTube.jpg|100px]]
|data5 = Top: The [[periodic table]] of the chemical elements. Below: Examples of certain chemical elements. From left to right: [[hydrogen]], [[barium]], [[copper]], [[uranium]], [[bromine]], and [[helium]].
}}

An '''Elemento kimiko''' amo an puro nga kemikal hit usa ka klase nga [[atomo]], nga makikilal-an ha iya ihap atomika, ng amo an ihap han proton ha iya nucleus.

{{clear}}
==Lista han 118 nga kilala nga mga elemento kimiko==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|+ List of elements
|-
! [[Atomic number|Atomico &lt;br/&gt; ihap]]
! Ngaran
! [[Chemical symbol|Tigaman]]
! [[Group (periodic table)|Grupo]]
! [[Period (periodic table)|Periodo]]
! [[Periodic table block|Bloke]]
! [[State of matter|Estado]] ha &lt;br/&gt; [[Standard temperature and pressure|STP]]
! Occurrence
! Hulagway
|-
| 1
|[[Hidroheno]]
| H
| 1
| 1
| s
| Gas
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 2
|[[Helyo]]
| He
| 18
| 1
| s
| Gas
| Primordial
| Noble gas
|-
| 3
|[[Lityo]]
| Li
| 1
| 2
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkali metal
|-
| 4
|[[Berilyo]]
| Be
| 2
| 2
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 5
|[[Boro]]
| B
| 13
| 2
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 6
|[[Carbono]]
| C
| 14
| 2
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 7
|[[Nitroheno]]
| N
| 15
| 2
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 8
|[[Oksiheno]]
| O
| 16
| 2
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 9
|[[Fluor]]
| F
| 17
| 2
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Halogen
|-
| 10
| [[Neon]]
| Ne
| 18
| 2
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Noble gas
|-
| 11
|[[Sodyo]]
| Na
| 1
| 3
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkali metal
|-
| 12
|[[Magnesyo]]
| Mg
| 2
| 3
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 13
|[[Aluminyo]]
| Al
| 13
| 3
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 14
|[[Silicio]]
| Si
| 14
| 3
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 15
|[[Fosforo]]
| P
| 15
| 3
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 16
|[[Asupre]]
| S
| 16
| 3
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 17
|[[Cloro]]
| Cl
| 17
| 3
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Halogen
|-
| 18
| [[Argon]]
| Ar
| 18
| 3
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Noble gas
|-
| 19
|[[Potasyo]]
| K
| 1
| 4
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkali metal
|-
| 20
|[[Calsyo]]
| Ca
| 2
| 4
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 21
|[[Escandyo]]
| Sc
| 3
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 22
|[[Titanyo]]
| Ti
| 4
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 23
|[[Vanadyo]]
| V
| 5
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 24
|[[Cromo]]
| Cr
| 6
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 25
|[[Mangganeso]]
| Mn
| 7
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 26
|[[Puthaw]]
| Fe
| 8
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 27
|[[Cobalto]]
| Co
| 9
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 28
|[[Nikel]]
| Ni
| 10
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 29
|[[Tumbaga]]
| Cu
| 11
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 30
|[[Singk]]
| Zn
| 12
| 4
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 31
|[[Galyo]]
| Ga
| 13
| 4
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 32
|[[Germanyo]]
| Ge
| 14
| 4
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 33
|[[Arsenico]]
| As
| 15
| 4
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 34
|[[Selenyo]]
| Se
| 16
| 4
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Non-metal
|-
| 35
|[[Bromo]]
| Br
| 17
| 4
| p
| Liquid
| Primordial
| Halogen
|-
| 36
|[[Kripton]]
| Kr
| 18
| 4
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Noble gas
|-
| 37
|[[Rubidyo]]
| Rb
| 1
| 5
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkali metal
|-
| 38
|[[Estronsyo]]
| Sr
| 2
| 5
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 39
|[[Itryo]]
| Y
| 3
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 40
|[[Zirconyo]]
| Zr
| 4
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 41
|[[Niobyo]]
| Nb
| 5
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 42
|[[Molibdeno]]
| Mo
| 6
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 43
|[[Tecnesyo]]
| Tc
| 7
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Transient
| Transition metal
|-
| 44
|[[Rutenyo]]
| Ru
| 8
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 45
|[[Rodyo]]
| Rh
| 9
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 46
|[[Paladyo]]
| Pd
| 10
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 47
|[[Plata]]
| Ag
| 11
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 48
|[[Cadmyo]]
| Cd
| 12
| 5
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 49
|[[Indyo (elemento)|Indyo]]
| In
| 13
| 5
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 50
|[[Lata]]
| Sn
| 14
| 5
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 51
|[[Antimonyo]]
| Sb
| 15
| 5
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 52
|[[Teluryo]]
| Te
| 16
| 5
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metalloid
|-
| 53
|[[Iodo]]
| I
| 17
| 5
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Halogen
|-
| 54
| [[Xenon]]
| Xe
| 18
| 5
| p
| Gas
| Primordial
| Noble gas
|-
| 55
|[[Cesyo]]
| Cs
| 1
| 6
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkali metal
|-
| 56
|[[Baryo (elemento)|Baryo]]
| Ba
| 2
| 6
| s
| Solid
| Primordial
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 57
|[[Lantano]]
| La
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 58
|[[Ceryo]]
| Ce
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 59
|[[Praseodimyo]]
| Pr
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 60
|[[Neodimyo]]
| Nd
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 61
|[[Prometyo]]
| Pm
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Lanthanide
|-
| 62
|[[Samaryo]]
| Sm
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 63
|[[Europyo]]
| Eu
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 64
|[[Gadolinyo]]
| Gd
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 65
|[[Terbyo]]
| Tb
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 66
|[[Disprosyo]]
| Dy
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 67
|[[Holmyo]]
| Ho
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 68
|[[Erbyo]]
| Er
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 69
|[[Tulyo]]
| Tm
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 70
|[[Iterbyo]]
| Yb
| 3
| 6
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 71
|[[Lutesyo]]
| Lu
| 3
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Lanthanide
|-
| 72
|[[Hafnyo]]
| Hf
| 4
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 73
|[[Tantalyo]]
| Ta
| 5
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 74
|[[Tungsteno]]
| W
| 6
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 75
|[[Renyo]]
| Re
| 7
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 76
|[[Osmyo]]
| Os
| 8
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 77
|[[Iridyo]]
| Ir
| 9
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 78
|[[Platino]]
| Pt
| 10
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 79
|[[Bulawan]]
| Au
| 11
| 6
| d
| Solid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 80
|[[Asoge]]
| Hg
| 12
| 6
| d
| Liquid
| Primordial
| Transition metal
|-
| 81
|[[Talyo]]
| Tl
| 13
| 6
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 82
|[[Tinggâ]]
| Pb
| 14
| 6
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 83
|[[Bismuto]]
| Bi
| 15
| 6
| p
| Solid
| Primordial
| Metal
|-
| 84
|[[Polonyo]]
| Po
| 16
| 6
| p
| Solid
| Transient
| Metal
|-
| 85
|[[Astato]]
| At
| 17
| 6
| p
| Solid
| Transient
| Halogen
|-
| 86
| [[Radon]]
| Rn
| 18
| 6
| p
| Gas
| Transient
| Noble gas
|-
| 87
|[[Fransyo]]
| Fr
| 1
| 7
| s
| Solid
| Transient
| Alkali metal
|-
| 88
|[[Radyo (elemento)|Radyo]]
| Ra
| 2
| 7
| s
| Solid
| Transient
| Alkaline earth metal
|-
| 89
|[[Actinyo]]
| Ac
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 90
|[[Toryo]]
| Th
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Actinide
|-
| 91
|[[Protactinyo]]
| Pa
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 92
|[[Uranyo]]
| U
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Actinide
|-
| 93
|[[Neptunyo]]
| Np
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 94
|[[Plutonyo]]
| Pu
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Primordial
| Actinide
|-
| 95
|[[Amerisyo]]
| Am
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 96
|[[Curyo|Curio]]
| Cm
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 97
|[[Berkelyo]]
| Bk
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 98
|[[Californyo]]
| Cf
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Transient
| Actinide
|-
| 99
|[[Einsteinyo]]
| Es
| 3
| 7
| f
| Solid
| Synthetic
| Actinide
|-
| 100
|[[Fermyo]]
| Fm
| 3
| 7
| f
|
| Synthetic
| Actinide
|-
| 101
|[[Mendelevyo]]
| Md
| 3
| 7
| f
|
| Synthetic
| Actinide
|-
| 102
|[[Nobelyo]]
| No
| 3
| 7
| f
|
| Synthetic
| Actinide
|-
| 103
|[[Lawrensyo]]
| Lr
| 3
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Actinide
|-
| 104
|[[Rutherfordyo]]
| Rf
| 4
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 105
|[[Dubnyo]]
| Db
| 5
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 106
|[[Seaborgyo]]
| Sg
| 6
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 107
|[[Bohryo]]
| Bh
| 7
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 108
|[[Hassyo]]
| Hs
| 8
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 109
|[[Meitneryo]]
| Mt
| 9
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 110
|[[Darmstadtyo]]
| Ds
| 10
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 111
|[[Roentgenyo]]
| Rg
| 11
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 112
|[[Copernisyo]]
| Cn
| 12
| 7
| d
|
| Synthetic
| Transition metal
|-
| 113
|[[Nihonyo]]
| Nh
| 13
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 114
|[[Flerovyo]]
| Fl
| 14
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 115
|[[Moscovyo]]
| Mc
| 15
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 116
|[[Livermoryo]]
| Lv
| 16
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 117
|[[Tennesso]]
| Ts
| 17
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|-
| 118
|[[Oganeson]]
| Og
| 18
| 7
| p
|
| Synthetic
|
|}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{Commons category|Chemical elements}}
* {{cite book|last=Ball|first=P|year=2004|title=The Elements: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/elementsveryshor0000ball|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-284099-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Emsley|first=J|year=2003|title=Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-850340-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Gray|first=T|year=2009|title=The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe|publisher=Black Dog &amp; Leventhal Publishers Inc|isbn=1-57912-814-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Scerri|first=ER|year=2007|title=The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|last=Strathern|first=P|year=2000|title=Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest for the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/mendeleyevsdream0000stra_u9p1|publisher=[[Hamish Hamilton Ltd]]|isbn=0-241-14065-X}}
* {{cite book|title=The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/disappearingspoo0000kean_p8o5|last=Kean|first=Sam|year=2011|publisher=Back Bay Books}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://periodicvideos.com/ Videos for each element] by the University of Nottingham

[[Kaarangay:Kimika]]</text>
      <sha1>rkty3rkvo02qh8mvdq32sj8akcnw5ld</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pulbura</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783423</id>
      <parentid>7782586</parentid>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7856" sha1="2pq68vu7pz974na6py6a2ncaf6bot0m" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pyrodex powder ffg.jpg|thumb]]

An '''pulbura''' amo tinimpla nga [[asupre]], [[uring]] ngan [[potassium nitrate]].

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{refbegin|3}}
* {{cite book| last = Benton | first = Captain James G. | year = 1862 | title = A Course of Instruction in Ordnance and Gunnery | place = West Point, New York | publisher = Thomas Publications | isbn = 1-57747-079-6 | edition = 2|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/BentonJames-1862}}.
* {{cite book| last=Brown | first=G. I. | year=1998 | title=The Big Bang: A History of Explosives | publisher=Sutton Publishing | isbn=0-7509-1878-0|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6291240?selectedversion=NBD14331705}}.
* {{cite book| editor-last = Buchanan | editor-first = Brenda J. | title = Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History | place=Aldershot | publisher =Ashgate | year =2006 | isbn = 0-7546-5259-9|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=/journals/technology_and_culture/v049/49.3.bachrach.html}}.
* {{cite book| last =Chase | first =Kenneth | year =2003 | title =Firearms: A Global History to 1700 | publisher =Cambridge University Press | isbn =0-521-82274-2|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40109543}}.
* {{cite book| last =Cocroft | first =Wayne | year =2000 | title =Dangerous Energy: The archaeology of gunpowder and military explosives manufacture | place =Swindon | publisher =English Heritage | isbn =1-85074-718-0|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/dangerous-energy/}}.
* {{cite book| last = Crosby | first = Alfred W. | title = Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History | year = 2002 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn =0-521-79158-8}}.
* {{cite book| last =Earl | first =Brian | year =1978 | title =Cornish Explosives | place =Cornwall | publisher =The Trevithick Society | isbn =0-904040-13-5}}.
* {{cite web | last=al-Hassan | first=Ahmad Y. | author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan | contribution=Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises In Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries | contribution-url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%202.htm | title=History of Science and Technology in Islam | url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/ | access-date=2015-02-02 | archive-date=2019-05-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520225937/http://www.history-science-technology.com/ | url-status= }}.
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Johnson | first = Norman Gardner | contribution = explosive | title = Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Online | publication-place = Chicago | contribution-url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198577/explosive}}.
* {{cite book | last = Kelly | first = Jack | title = Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, &amp; Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World | url = https://archive.org/details/gunpowderalchemy00jack | publisher = Basic Books | year = 2004 | isbn =0-465-03718-6}}.
* {{cite journal | last=Khan | first=Iqtidar Alam | title=Coming of Gunpowder to the Islamic World and North India: Spotlight on the Role of the Mongols | journal=Journal of Asian History | volume=30 | year=1996 | pages=41–5}}.
* {{cite journal | last =Khan | first =Iqtidar Alam | year =2004 | title =Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India | publisher =Oxford University Press|doi=10.1086/ahr.111.3.817|url=http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/111/3/817.extract}}.
* {{cite journal | last = Needham | first = Joseph | authorlink = Joseph Needham | title = Science &amp; Civilisation in China | year = 1986 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | volume = V:7: The Gunpowder Epic | isbn = 0-521-30358-3 | url = http://monoskop.org/images/5/59/Needham_Joseph_Science_and_Civilisation_in_China_Vol_7-2_General_Conclusions_and_Reflections.pdf | access-date = 2015-02-02 | archive-date = 2014-09-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140904011912/http://monoskop.org/images/5/59/Needham_Joseph_Science_and_Civilisation_in_China_Vol_7-2_General_Conclusions_and_Reflections.pdf | url-status = dead }}.
* {{cite book | last =Norris | first =John | year =2003 | title =Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300-1600 | place =Marlborough | publisher =The Crowood Press|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Early_Gunpowder_Artillery.html?id=HpgHAAAACAAJ|isbn= 9781861266156}}.
* {{cite book| last =Partington | first =J.R. | author-link =J. R. Partington | year =1960 | title =A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder | place =Cambridge, UK | publisher =W. Heffer &amp; Sons}}.
* {{cite book | last = Partington| first =  James Riddick | authorlink = James Riddick Partington|author2=Hall, Bert S.  | title = A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder| publisher = [[Johns Hopkins University Press]]| year = 1999| location = Baltimore| isbn = 0-8018-5954-9|doi=10.1353/tech.2000.0031|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/technology_and_culture/summary/v041/41.1roland.html}}
* {{cite journal | last =Urbanski | first =Tadeusz | year =1967 | title =Chemistry and Technology of Explosives | place =New York | publisher =Pergamon Press | volume =III|url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/244083392_Chemistry_and_Technology_of_Explosives_Vol._III_by_Tadeusz_Urbaski_Pergamon-PWN_Polish_Scientific_Publishers_Warszawa_1967_717_pages__7.10.0d_(23.00)}}.
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Gunpowder}}
{{Wiktionary|gunpowder}}
* [http://www.silk-road.com/artl/gun.shtml Gun and Gunpowder]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091023043409/http://geocities.com/Athens/2430/gporigins.html  The Origins of Gunpowder]
* [http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/cannon.htm Cannons and Gunpowder]
&lt;!-- *[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/restricted/2006/January/letters.asp A letter on gunpowder chemistry and sodium vs. potassium nitrate] --&gt;
* [http://www.gunpowderworks.co.uk/ Oare Gunpowder Works, Kent, UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120802102720/http://www.gunpowderworks.co.uk/ |date=2012-08-02 }}
* [http://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/ Royal Gunpowder Mills]
* [http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/brandywine/index.html The DuPont Company on the Brandywine] A digital exhibit produced by the Hagley Library that covers the founding and early history of the DuPont Company powder yards in Delaware
* {{cite web |url=http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/history.html |title=Ulrich Bretschler's Gunpowder Chemistry page |access-date=2015-02-01 |archive-date=2012-05-23 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120523235357/http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/history.html |url-status=dead }}
* [http://philipmcgaw.com/medieval-siege-society/gun-powder-demonstration/ Video Demonstration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715074434/http://philipmcgaw.com/medieval-siege-society/gun-powder-demonstration/ |date=2011-07-15 }} of [[Medieval Siege Society|the Medieval Siege Society]]'s Guns, Including showing ignition of gunpowder
* [http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/recipe.html Black Powder Recipes] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120911093724/http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/recipe.html |date=2012-09-11 }}
* {{cite web  | title=Dr. Sasse's investigations (and others) found via search at US DTIC.MIL  These contain scientific studies of BP properties and details of measurement techniques.  | url=http://dsearch.dtic.mil/search?site=default_collection&amp;q=black+powder&amp;btnG.x=-1050&amp;btnG.y=-126&amp;btnG=Google+Search&amp;client=dticol_frontend&amp;proxystylesheet=dticol_frontend&amp;proxyreload=1&amp;filter=0&amp;tlen=200&amp;getfields=*  | access-date=2015-02-01  | archive-date=2013-06-16  | archive-url=https://archive.is/20130616025606/http://dsearch.dtic.mil/search?site=default_collection&amp;q=black+powder&amp;btnG.x=-1050&amp;btnG.y=-126&amp;btnG=Google+Search&amp;client=dticol_frontend&amp;proxystylesheet=dticol_frontend&amp;proxyreload=1&amp;filter=0&amp;tlen=200&amp;getfields=*  | url-status=dead  }}</text>
      <sha1>2pq68vu7pz974na6py6a2ncaf6bot0m</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pusil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17800</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783409</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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An '''pusil'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 300.&lt;/ref&gt; amo an usa ka armas nga nabuto ngan natira hin bala.

==Reperensya==
{{reflist|2}}

;Mga pagkukuhaan
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book | last = Chase | first = Kenneth | title = Firearms: A Global History to 1700 | url = https://archive.org/details/firearmsglobalhi0000chas | year = 2003 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 0-521-82274-2 | ref = harv}}
*{{Cite book | last = Crosby | first = Alfred W. | title = Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History | year = 2002 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 0-521-79158-8 | ref = harv}}
*{{Cite book | last = Needham | first = Joseph | authorlink = Joseph Needham | title = Science &amp; Civilisation in China | year = 1986 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume =7 The Gunpowder Epic | isbn =0-521-30358-3 | ref = harv}}
{{refend}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{commonscat|Firearms}}
*{{cite book | author=Pyhrr, Stuart W. | title=[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/69336/rec/169 ''Firearms from the collections of the Prince of Liechtenstein''] | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1985 | isbn=9780870994258}}</text>
      <sha1>7ms2yp6k2k0cjcgz0awna8t3ppzltlw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asukar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17825</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>7647545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T00:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1914" sha1="eqrqyg4qhqb85pzg97ty3iktgrr7ahe" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sugar cubes V1.jpg |right|thumb|200px|Asukar]]
An '''asukar'''&lt;ref&gt;Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 20.&lt;/ref&gt; (tikang han [[Kinatsila]]: ''azúcar'', [[Iningles]]: ''sugar'') usa ka pagkaon nga puydi igdugang ha usa ka pagkaon para magmatam-is.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book
|last =Adas
|first =Michael
|title = Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History
|publisher =Temple University Press
|date= Enero 2001
|isbn = 1-56639-832-0
|oclc =44493265}}
*{{Cite book
|last =Barrett &amp; Calvi
|first =Duncan &amp; Nuala
|title = [[The Sugar Girls]]
|publisher =Collins
|date= Marso 2012
|isbn = 978-0-00-744847-0}}
*{{Cite book
|last =Hugill
|first =Anthony
|title = Sugar And All That
|url =https://archive.org/details/sugarallthathist0000hugi
|publisher =Gentry Books
| date = 1978
|isbn = 0-85614-048-1}}
*{{Cite book
|last =James
|first =Glyn
|title = Sugarcane
|publisher =Blackwell Publishing
| date = 2004
|isbn =0-632-05476-X
|oclc =51837990 84251137}}
*A C Hannah, ''The International Sugar Trade'', Cambridge: Woodhead, 1996. ISBN 1-85573-069-3
*{{Cite web
|title=Sugars and Sweeteners in Foods
|url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/FST-16.pdf
|publisher=[[College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources]]
|author=Aurora A. Saulo
|date= Marso 2005
}}
*{{Cite news
|title=Is sugar toxic?
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag-17Sugar-t.html?pagewanted=1&amp;_r=1&amp;src=ISMR_HP_LO_MST_FB
|publisher=New York Times
|author=Gary Taubes
|date=13 Abril 2011
}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Sugars}}
*[http://www.foodsubs.com/Sweeten.html Cook's Thesaurus: Sugar]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
*{{dmoz|/Recreation/Collecting/Food_and_Drink_Related/Sugar/|Sugar}}</text>
      <sha1>eqrqyg4qhqb85pzg97ty3iktgrr7ahe</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Griyego nga abakadahan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783437</id>
      <parentid>7645756</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:40:38Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Fixing 4 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7885" sha1="6l0cl8krj00tets4b6x752qc5e2ng8w" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Greekalphabet.svg|thumb]]
An '''Griniyego nga abakadahan''' mayda duha kanapulo kat-upat ka agi nga gingagamit pagsurat han [[Griniyego]] tikang han urhi nga ika 9 o unhan 8 siglo BCE.

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center&quot;
!colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Griniyego nga abakadahan
|-
|Αα
|αλφα alpha
|[a]
|1
|-
|Ββ
|βῆτα beta
|[b]
|2
|-
|Γγ
|γάμμα gamma
|[g]
|3
|-
|Δδ
|δέλτα delta
|[d]
|4
|-
|Εε
|εψιλόν epsilon
|[e]
|5
|-
|Ζζ
|ζῆτα zeta
|[zd]
|7
|-
|Ηη
|ητα eta
|[ɛː]
|8
|-
|Θθ
|θῆτα theta
|[tʰ]
|9
|-
|Ιι
|ιῶτα iota
|[i]
|10
|-
|Κκ
|κάππα kappa
|[k]
|20
|-
|Λλ
|λάμβδα lambda
|[l]
|30
|-
|Μμ
|μῦ mu
|[m]
|40
|-
|Νν
|νῦ nu
|[n]
|50
|-
|Ξξ
|ξῖ xi
|[ks]
|60
|-
|Οο
|ομικρόν omicron
|[o]
|70
|-
|Ππ
|πῖ pi
|[p]
|80
|-
|Ρρ
|ρῶ rho
|[r]
|100
|-
|Σσ
|σῖγμα sigma
|[s]
|200
|-
|Ττ
|ταῦ tau
|[t]
|300
|-
|Υυ
|υψιλόν upsilon
|[y]
|400
|-
|Φφ
|φῖ phi
|[pʰ]
|500
|-
|Χχ
|χῖ chi
|[kʰ]
|600
|-
|Ψψ
|ψῖ psi
|[ps]
|700
|-
|Ωω
|ωμέγα omega
|[ɔː]
|800
|}

&lt;br&gt;

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center&quot;
!colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Daan nga abakadahan
|-
|Ϝϝ
|digamma
|[w]
|6
|-
|Ϛϛ
|stigma
|[st]
|6
|-
|Ͱͱ
|heta
|[h]
| –
|-
|Ϻϻ
|san
|[s]
| –
|-
|Ϟϟ
|koppa
|[q]
|90
|-
|Ϡϡ
|sampi
|[ss]
|900
|-
|Ϸϸ
|sho
|[ʃ]
| –
|}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bibliograpiya ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book|last=Cook|first=B. F.|year=1987|title=Greek inscriptions|url=https://archive.org/details/greekinscription0000cook|place=|publisher=University of California Press/British Museum|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Coulmas|first=Florian|title=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems|year=1996|publisher=Blackwell Publishers Ltd.|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-21481-X|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Daniels|first1=Peter T|last2=Bright|first2=William|year=1996|title=The World's Writing Systems|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937|publisher=Oxford University Press|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1991|title=Albanian Literature in Greek Script: the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Tradition in Albanian Writing|journal=Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies|volume=15|issue=20|url=http://www.elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1991AlbLitGreek.pdf|ref=harv|access-date=2015-01-27|archive-date=2020-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428032127/http://www.elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1991AlbLitGreek.pdf|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite thesis |last=Hinge|first=George |year=2001|title=Die Sprache Alkmans: Textgeschichte und Sprachgeschichte|publisher=University of Aarhus |type=Ph.D.|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Holton|first1=David|first2=Peter|last2=Mackridge|first3=Irini|last3=Philippaki-Warburton|title=Grammatiki tis ellinikis glossas|place=Athens|publisher=Pataki|year=1998|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Horrocks|first=Geoffrey|year=2006|title=Ellinika: istoria tis glossas kai ton omiliton tis|location=Athens|publisher=Estia}} [Greek translation of ''Greek: a history of the language and its speakers'', London 1997]
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Johnston|first=A. W.|year=2003|title=The alphabet|encyclopedia=Sea Routes from Sidon to Huelva: Interconnections in the Mediterranean 16th – 6th c. B.C.|editor1-last=Stampolidis|editor1-first=N.|editor2-last=Karageorghis|editor2-first=V|pages=263–276|place=Athens|publisher=Museum of Cycladic Art|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Kristophson|first=Jürgen |year=1974|title=Das Lexicon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis|journal=Zeitschrift für Balkanologie|volume=10|issue=|pages=4–128|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Liddell|first1=Henry G|last2=Scott|first2=Robert|year=1940|title=A Greek-English Lexicon|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon|url=/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0057|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Macrakis|first=Stavros M|year=1996|chapter=Character codes for Greek: Problems and modern solutions|editor-last=Macrakis|editor-first=Michael|title=Greek letters: from tablets to pixels|location=Newcastle|publisher=Oak Knoll Press|page=265|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Mazon|first1=André |last2=Vaillant|first2=André |year=1938|title=L'Evangéliaire de Kulakia, un parler slave de Bas-Vardar|series=Bibliothèque d'études balkaniques|volume=6|issue=|place=Paris|publisher=Librairie Droz|pages=|ref=harv}} – selections from the Gospels in Macedonian.
*{{cite journal|last=Miletich|first=L.|year=1920|title=Dva bŭlgarski ru̐kopisa s grŭtsko pismo|journal=Bŭlgarski starini|volume=6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Murdoch|first=Brian|year=2004|chapter=Gothic|title=Early Germanic literature and culture|url=https://archive.org/details/earlygermaniclit0001unse|pages=[https://archive.org/details/earlygermaniclit0001unse/page/149 149]–170|editors=Brian Murdoch and Malcolm Read|location=Woodbridge|publisher=Camden House}}
*{{cite book|last=Peyfuss|first=Max Demeter|year=1989|title=Die Druckerei von Moschopolis, 1731–1769: Buchdruck und Heiligenverehrung in Erzbistum Achrida|place=|publisher=Böhlau Verlag|series=Wiener Archiv für Geschichte des Slawentums und Osteuropas|volume=13|ref=harv}}
*{{cite web|last=Sims-Williams|first=Nicholas|year=1997|url=http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html|title=New Findings in Ancient Afghanistan – the Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush|ref=harv|access-date=2015-01-27|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610192252/http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Swiggers|first=Pierre|year=1996|title=Transmission of the Phoenician Script to the West|encyclopedia=The World's Writing Systems|editor1-last=Daniels|editor2-last=Bright|place=Oxford|publisher=University Press|pages=261–270|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Stevenson|first=Jane|year=2007 |chapter=Translation and the spread of the Greek and Latin alphabets in Late Antiquity|editor=Harald Kittel et al.|title=Translation: an international encyclopedia of translation studies|volume=2|location=Berlin|publisher=de Gruyter|pages=1157–1159|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Edward M|year=1912 |title=An introduction to Greek and Latin palaeography|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontogr00thomuoft|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon| ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Woodard|first=Roger D.|year=2008|chapter=Attic Greek|editor-first=Roger D.|editor-last=Woodard|title=The ancient languages of Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientlanguages00roge|location=Cambridge|publisher=University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ancientlanguages00roge/page/14 14]–49|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{Wiktionary|Appendix:Greek script}}
{{Commons|Greek alphabet}}
*[http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf Unicode] Greek range
*[http://ellinikasimera.dartmouth.edu/resources/texts/shapes1.html Examples of Greek handwriting]
*[http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/unicode.html Greek Unicode Issues]
*[http://www.unicode.org/faq/greek.html Unicode FAQ – Greek Language and Script]
*[http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/greek.html Unicode alphabetic test for Greek Unicode range]
*[http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/ancient-greek-numbers.html Unicode numeric test for Greek Unicode range]
*[http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/unicode_stories.html Unicode test for all Greek-related Unicode ranges]
*[http://kalvesmaki.com/keyboards/grc.html Classical Greek keyboard], a browser-based tool
*Collection of free fonts: [http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/pages/en_typefaces1.html greekfontsociety.gr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120133822/http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/pages/en_typefaces1.html |date=2018-01-20 }}

[[Kaarangay:Gresya]]</text>
      <sha1>6l0cl8krj00tets4b6x752qc5e2ng8w</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Backgammon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783385</id>
      <parentid>6181394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T04:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>7783385</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="559" sha1="m1pziozrdio1s8kidrllcnx1tjanls8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Backgammon lg.jpg|thumb]]

An '''Backgammon''' amo an usa ka klase nga mulay nga ginuuyagan hit duha ka magmurulay.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wiktionary|Appendix:Glossary of backgammon terms}}
{{wikibooks}}
*{{dmoz|Games/Board_Games/Abstract/Race_Games/Backgammon}}
*[http://ukbgf.com UK Backgammon Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302190640/http://ukbgf.com/ |date=2015-03-02 }}
*[http://usbgf.org US Backgammon Federation]
*[http://www.bwcmc.com Backgammon World Championship - Monte Carlo]</text>
      <sha1>m1pziozrdio1s8kidrllcnx1tjanls8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baseball</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783400</id>
      <parentid>7781593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:31:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 5 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783400</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13283" sha1="s806xgyais7t143e1omqbucmdly6beo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Wrigley field 720.jpg|thumb]]

An '''baseball''' amo an usa ka balbag-ngan-bola nga [[paugnat-ha-kusog]] nga ginmumulayan han duha ka kampo nga mayda siyam ka magbarabtos kada kampo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*{{Cite book|last=Bjarkman|first=Peter C.|title=Diamonds Around the Globe: The Encyclopedia of International Baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/diamondsaroundgl0000bjar| date = 2004|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=0-313-32268-6|oclc=58806121}}
*{{Cite book|last=Block|first=David|title=Baseball Before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballbeforewe00davi| date = 2005|publisher =Univ. of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-6255-8|oclc=70261798}}
*{{Cite book|last=Burgos|first=Adrian|title=Playing America's Game: Baseball, Latinos, and the Color Line|url=https://archive.org/details/playingamericasg00burg| date = 2007|publisher=Univ. of California Press|isbn=0-520-25143-1|oclc=81150202}}
*{{Cite book|last=Burk|first=Robert F.|title=Never Just a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball to 1920| date = 2001|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=0-8078-4961-8|oclc=28183874}}
*{{Cite book|last=Charlton|first=James (ed.)|title=The Baseball Chronology: The Complete History of the Most Important Events in the Game of Baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballchronolo0000unse| date = 1991|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-02-523971-6|oclc=22704314}}
*{{Cite book|author=Clarke, William Jones, and Fredrick Thomas Dawson|title=Baseball: Individual Play and Team Play in Detail|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballindividu00clarrich| date = 1915|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|isbn=|oclc=2781766}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gmelch|first=George|title=Baseball Without Borders: The International Pastime| date = 2006|publisher=Univ. of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-7125-5|oclc=64594333}}
*{{Cite book|last=González Echevarría|first=Roberto|title=The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball| date = 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-514605-0|oclc=46601626}}
*{{Cite book|last=Guzzo|first=Glenn|title=The New Ballgame: Baseball Statistics for the Casual Fan|url=https://archive.org/details/newballgameunder0000guzz| date = 2007|publisher=ACTA |isbn=0-87946-318-X|oclc=123083947}}
*{{Cite book|last=Heaphy|first=Leslie A.|title=The Negro Leagues, 1869–1960| date = 2003|publisher=McFarland |isbn=0-7864-1380-8|oclc=50285143}}
*{{Cite book|last=[[Jonah Keri|Keri]]|first=Jonah (ed.)|title=Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know About the Game Is Wrong| date = 2007|publisher=Basic|isbn=0-465-00547-0|oclc=77795904}}
*{{Cite book|last=Koppett|first=Leonard|title=Koppett's Concise History of Major League Baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/koppettsconciseh0000kopp| date = 2004|publisher=Carroll &amp; Graf|isbn=0-7867-1286-4|oclc=54674804}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kte'pi|first=Bill|chapter=Baseball (Amateur)|title=Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society, Volume 1|editor=Rodney Carlisle| date = 2009|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-1-4129-6670-2|oclc=251215353}}
*{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Michael M.|title=Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game|url=https://archive.org/details/moneyball00mich| date = 2003|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=0-393-32481-8|oclc=54896532}}
*{{Cite book|last=Mahony|first=Phillip|title=[http://www.baseballexplained.com Baseball Explained]| date = 2014|publisher=McFarland Books|isbn=978-0-7864-7964-1}}
*{{Cite book|last=Mandelbaum|first=Michael|title=The Meaning of Sports: Why Americans Watch Baseball, Football, and Basketball and What They See When They Do|url=https://archive.org/details/meaningofsportsw0000mand| date = 2005|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=1-58648-330-7|oclc=55539339}}
*{{Cite book|last=McNeil|first=William|title=Baseball's Other All-Stars: The Greatest Players from the Negro Leagues, the Japanese Leagues, the Mexican League, and the Pre-1960 Winter Leagues in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic| date = 2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-7864-0784-0|oclc=42976826}}
*{{Cite book|last=Porterfield|first=Jason|title=Baseball: Rules, Tips, Strategy, and Safety|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballrulestip0000port| date = 2007|publisher=Rosen|isbn=1-4042-0991-3|oclc=67773742}}
*{{Cite book|last=Powers|first=Albert Theodore|title=The Business of Baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/businessofbaseba0000powe| date = 2003|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-7864-1426-X|oclc=50866929}}
*{{Cite book|author=Puhalla, Jim, Jeff Krans, and Mike Goatley|title=Baseball and Softball Fields: Design, Construction, Renovation, and Maintenance|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballsoftball0000puha| date = 2003|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=0-471-44793-5|oclc=50959054}}
*{{Cite book|last=Rader|first=Benjamin G.|title=Baseball: A History of America's Game|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballhistoryo0000rade_n5g7|edition=3rd| date = 2008|publisher=Univ. of Illinois Press|isbn=0-252-07550-1|oclc=176980876}}
*{{Cite book|last=Riess|first=Steven A.|title=City Games: The Evolution of American Urban Society and the Rise of Sports|url=https://archive.org/details/citygamesevoluti0000ries_r5j2| date = 1991|publisher=Univ. of Illinois Press|isbn=0-252-06216-7|oclc=23739530}}
*{{Cite book|last=Rudel|first=Anthony J.|title=Hello, Everybody!: The Dawn of American Radio|url=https://archive.org/details/helloeverybodyd00rude| date = 2008|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=0-15-101275-X|oclc=192042215}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Alan|title=The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination with Statistics|url=https://archive.org/details/numbersgamebaseb0000schw| date = 2004|publisher=Thomas Dunne|isbn=0-312-32222-4|oclc=54692908}}
*{{Cite book|author=Stallings, Jack, and Bob Bennett (eds.)|title=Baseball Strategies: Your Guide to the Game Within the Game|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780736042185| date = 2003|publisher=American Baseball Coaches Association/Human Kinetics|isbn=0-7360-4218-0|oclc=50203866}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Dean (ed.)|title=Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825–1908|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyinningsdocu00sull| date = 1997|publisher=Univ. of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-9244-9|oclc=36258074}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Dean (ed.)|title=Middle Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1900–1948|url=https://archive.org/details/middleinningsdoc0000unse_q4b7| date = 1998|publisher=Univ. of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-4258-1|oclc=37533976}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Dean (ed.)|title=Late Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1945–1972|url=https://archive.org/details/lateinningsdocum00unse| date = 2002|publisher=Univ. of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-9285-6|oclc=47643746}}
*{{Cite book|last=Terry|first=Thomas Philip|title=Terry's Mexico: Handbook for Travellers|edition=2nd rev.| date = 1911|publisher=Gay and Hancock, Houghton Mifflin, and Sonora News|isbn=|oclc=7587420}}
*{{Cite book|last=Thurston|first=Bill|title=Coaching Youth Baseball: A Baffled Parents Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/baffledparentsgu0000thur| date = 2000|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=0-07-135822-6|oclc=43031493}}
*{{Cite book|last=Tygiel|first=Jules|title=Past Time: Baseball as History|url=https://archive.org/details/pasttimebaseball0000tygi_m3p1| date = 2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-508958-8|oclc=42290019}}
*{{Cite book|last=Zimbalist|first=Andrew|title=In the Best Interests of Baseball?: The Revolutionary Reign of Bud Selig|url=https://archive.org/details/inbestinterestso00andr| date = 2007|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=0-470-12824-0|oclc=62796332}}
*{{Cite book|last=Zoss|first=Joel|title=Diamonds in the Rough: The Untold History of Baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/diamondsinroughu0000zoss| date = 2004|publisher=Univ. of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-9920-6|oclc=54611393}}
{{Refend}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Bradbury, J.C. ''The Baseball Economist: The Real Game Exposed'' (Dutton, 2007). ISBN 0-525-94993-3
* Dickson, Paul. ''The Dickson Baseball Dictionary'', 3d ed. (W. W. Norton, 2009). ISBN 0-393-06681-9
* Elias, Robert (2010) ''[[The Empire Strikes Out]]: How Baseball Sold U.S. Foreign Policy and Promoted the American Way Abroad''. New York: The New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-195-2
* Elliott, Bob. ''The Northern Game: Baseball the Canadian Way'' (Sport Classic, 2005). ISBN 1-894963-40-7
* Euchner, Charles. ''The Last Nine Innings: Inside the Real Game Fans Never See'' (Sourcebooks, 2007). ISBN 1-4022-0579-1
* Fitts, Robert K. ''Remembering Japanese Baseball: An Oral History of the Game'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 2005). ISBN 0-8093-2629-9
* [[Lee Gutkind|Gutkind, Lee]]. ''The Best Seat in Baseball, But You Have to Stand: The Game as Umpires See It'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 1999). ISBN 978-0-8093-2195-7
* [[Gary Gillette|Gillette, Gary]], and [[Pete Palmer]] (eds.). ''The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia'', 5th ed. (Sterling, 2008). ISBN 1-4027-6051-5
* [[Bill James|James, Bill]]. ''[[The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract|The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract]]'', rev. ed. (Simon and Schuster, 2003). ISBN 0-7432-2722-0
* James, Bill. ''The Bill James Handbook 2009'' (ACTA, 2008). ISBN 0-87946-367-8
* Mahony, Phillip, [http://www.baseballexplained.com Baseball Explained] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813034018/http://www.baseballexplained.com/ |date= 13 Agosto 2014 }} (McFarland Books, 2014) ISBN 978-0-7864-7964-1. 
* Peterson, Robert. ''Only the Ball was White: A History of Legendary Black Players and All-Black Professional Teams'' (Oxford University Press, 1992 [1970]). ISBN 0-19-507637-0
* [[Joe Posnanski|Posnanski, Joe]] (2007) ''[[The Soul of Baseball]]'' New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-085403-4
* Reaves, Joseph A. ''Taking in a Game: A History of Baseball in Asia'' (Bison, 2004). ISBN 0-8032-3943-2
* [[Lawrence Ritter|Ritter, Lawrence S.]] ''[[The Glory of Their Times|The Glory of Their Times: The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It]]'', enlarged ed. (Harper, 1992). ISBN 0-688-11273-0
* [[Tom Tango|Tango, Tom]], Mitchel G. Lichtman, and Andrew E. Dolphin, ''The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball'' (Potomac, 2007). ISBN 1-59797-129-4
* [[John Sexton|Sexton, John]] (2013) ''[[Baseball as a Road to God: Seeing Beyond the Game]]'' New York: Gotham Books. ISBN 978-1-59240-754-5.
* Ward, Geoffrey C., and [[Ken Burns]]. ''Baseball: An Illustrated History'' (Alfred A. Knopf, 1996). ISBN 0-679-40459-7

;Aada-ha-linya
* {{Cite web|author=Boswell, Thomas|authorlink=Thomas Boswell|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/libvf100.shtml|title=Why Is Baseball So Much Better Than Football?|date=18 Enero 1987|work=Washington Post|publisher=Baseball Almanac|accessdate= 6 Mayo 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423074039/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/libvf100.shtml|archivedate= 23 Abril 2009|deadurl=dead}}
* {{Cite web|author=Carlin, George|authorlink=George Carlin|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/humor7.shtml|title=Baseball and Football|publisher=Baseball Almanac|accessdate= 6 Mayo 2009}}
* {{Cite web|author=Gmelch, George|url=http://www.dushkin.com/olc/genarticle.mhtml?article=27128|title=Baseball Magic|date= Septyembre 2000|publisher=McGraw Hill–Dushkin|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5OHaQX4IE?url=http://www.dushkin.com/olc/genarticle.mhtml?article=27128|archivedate= 22 Abril 2007|accessdate= 25 Septyembre 2009|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news|author=Lamster, Mark|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/10/books/review/10LAMSTER.html|title=''Baseball Before We Knew It'': What's the French for 'Juiced'? (book review)|date=10 Abril 2005|work=New York Times|accessdate= 27 Hunyo 2014}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons|Baseball|Baseball}}
{{Wikiquote}} 
{{Wikibooks|Baseball}}
{{Wiktionary|baseball}}
{{EB1911 poster|Base-ball}}

;Mga liga ngan mga organisasyon
* [http://www.mlb.com/ Major League Baseball]
* [http://www.ibaf.org/ International Baseball Federation]
* [http://www.milb.com/ Minor League Baseball]
* [http://www.britishbaseball.org/ British Baseball Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142317/http://www.britishbaseball.org/ |date= 9 Mayo 2008 }}

;Mga estadistika ngan mga rekord hit mulay
* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ Baseball Almanac]
* [http://www.baseball-reference.com/ Baseball-Reference.com]
* [http://www.retrosheet.org/ Retrosheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302144428/http://www.retrosheet.org/ |date=2007-03-02 }}

;Mga sumat ngan iba pa nga pagkukuhaan
* [http://www.baseballlibrary.com/homepage/ BaseballLibrary.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901221709/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/homepage/ |date= 1 Septyembre 2006 }}
* [http://www.baseballprospectus.com/ Baseball Prospectus]
* [http://www.sabr.org/ Society for American Baseball Research]
* [http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/baseball/ ''Baseball''] PBS documentary directed by Ken Burns
* [http://www.mister-baseball.com/ Mister Baseball] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010113247/https://www.mister-baseball.com/ |date= 10 Oktubre 2018 }} European baseball news</text>
      <sha1>s806xgyais7t143e1omqbucmdly6beo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kalaksi han lamrag</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783428</id>
      <parentid>7782431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:38:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7809" sha1="35u9fb6w4huvqm6oudj7y26ppb8jevq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lasertests.jpg|thumb]]

An '''Kalaksi''' o '''Kapaspas''' '''han''' '''Lamrag''', '''Suga''' o '''Kapawa''' amo an natudlok ha kalaksi han lamrag, suga o kapawa ha vacuum, usa ka konstant nga may tigaman nga ''c''. Amo ini an kalaksi diri la an nakikit-an nga kapawa kundi upod pa an ngatanan nga radyasyon electromagnetiko. An kalaksi han lamrag ha vacuum may sukol nga eksakto 299,792,458 metro kada segundo (m/s).

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==

===Makasaysayn nga reperensya===
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=O
 |last=Rømer
 |author-link=Ole Rømer
 |year=1676
 |title=Démonstration touchant le mouvement de la lumière trouvé par M. Römer de l'Academie Royale des Sciences
 |url=http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Roemer-1677/Roemer-1677.html
 |journal=[[Journal des sçavans]]
 |pages=223–36
 |language=French
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729214326/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Roemer-1677/Roemer-1677.html
 |archivedate=2007-07-29
 |access-date=2015-01-27
 |url-status=dead
 }}
** Translated as {{cite journal
 |year=1677
 |title=A Demonstration concerning the Motion of Light
 |url=http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Roemer-1677/Roemer-1677.html
 |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]
 |issue=136
 |pages=893–4
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729214326/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Roemer-1677/Roemer-1677.html
 |archivedate=2007-07-29
 |access-date=2015-01-27
 |url-status=dead
 }}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=E |last=Halley |author-link=Edmond Halley
 |year=1694
 |title=Monsieur Cassini, his New and Exact Tables for the Eclipses of the First Satellite of Jupiter, reduced to the Julian Stile and Meridian of London
 |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]
 |volume=18 |issue=214 |pages=237–56
 |doi=10.1098/rstl.1694.0048
}}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=HL
 |last=Fizeau
 |author-link=Hippolyte Fizeau
 |year=1849
 |title=Sur une expérience relative à la vitesse de propagation de la lumière
 |url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/in_memoriam/Fizeau/Fizeau_pdf/CR1849_p90.pdf
 |journal=[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]
 |volume=29
 |pages=90–92, 132
 |language=French
 |access-date=2015-01-27
 |archive-date=2011-06-13
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613224002/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/in_memoriam/Fizeau/Fizeau_pdf/CR1849_p90.pdf
 |url-status=unfit
 }}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=JL |last=Foucault |author-link=Léon Foucault
 |year=1862
 |title=Détermination expérimentale de la vitesse de la lumière: parallaxe du Soleil
 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yYIIAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA216&amp;lpg=PA216&amp;dq
 |journal=[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]
 |volume=55 |pages=501–503, 792–796
 |language=French
}}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=AA |last=Michelson |author-link=Albert A. Michelson
 |year=1878
 |title=Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light
 |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11753
 |journal=[[Proceedings of the American Association of Advanced Science]]
 |volume=27 |pages=71–77
}}
*{{Cite journal
 |first1=AA |last1=Michelson
 |first2=FG |last2=Pease |author2-link=Francis G. Pease
 |first3=F |last3=Pearson |author3-link=Fred Pearson (physicist)
 |title=Measurement of the Velocity of Light in a Partial Vacuum
 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1935-07_82_1/page/26 |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=82 |pages=26–61 |year=1935
 |doi=10.1086/143655 |bibcode=1935ApJ....82...26M
}}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=S |last=Newcomb |author-link=Simon Newcomb
 |year=1886
 |title=The Velocity of Light
 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1886-05-13_34_863/page/n3 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume=34
 |issue=863 |pages=29–32
 |doi=10.1038/034029c0
|bibcode = 1886Natur..34...29. }}
*{{Cite journal
 |first=J |last=Perrotin |author-link=Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin
 |year=1900
 |title=Sur la vitesse de la lumière
 |journal=[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]
 |volume=131 |pages=731–4
 |language=French
}}
{{Refend}}

===Mga moderno nga reperensya===

{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite book
 |first=L |last=Brillouin |author-link=Léon Brillouin
 |year=1960
 |title=Wave propagation and group velocity
 |url=https://archive.org/details/wavepropagationg00bril_0 |publisher=[[Academic Press]]
 |isbn=
}}
*{{Cite book
 |first=JD |last=Jackson |author-link=J. D. Jackson
 |year=1975
 |title=Classical Electrodynamics
 |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalelectro00jack_0 |edition=2nd
 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]
 |isbn=0-471-30932-X
}}
*{{Cite book
 |first=G |last=Keiser
 |year=2000
 |title=Optical Fiber Communications
 |url=https://archive.org/details/opticalfibercomm0000keis |page=[https://archive.org/details/opticalfibercomm0000keis/page/32 32] |edition=3rd
 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]]
 |isbn=0-07-232101-6
}}
*{{Cite book
 |last=Ng |first=YJ
 |year=2004
 |chapter=Quantum Foam and Quantum Gravity Phenomenology
 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=RntpN7OesBsC
 |editor=Amelino-Camelia, G; Kowalski-Glikman, J
 |title=Planck Scale Effects in Astrophysics and Cosmology
 |pages=321''ff''
 |publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]]
 |isbn=3-540-25263-0
}}
*{{Cite book
 |last=Helmcke |first=J |last2=Riehle |first2=F
 |year=2001
 |chapter=Physics behind the definition of the meter
 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=WE22Fez60EcC&amp;pg=PA453
 |editor=Quinn, TJ; Leschiutta, S; Tavella, P
 |title=Recent advances in metrology and fundamental constants
 |page=453
 |publisher=[[IOS Press]]
 |isbn=1-58603-167-8
}}
*{{cite arXiv
 |last=Duff |first=MJ |author-link=Michael James Duff
 |year=2004
 |title=Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants
 |class=hep-th
 |eprint=hep-th/0208093
}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=UigDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA17&amp;dq=1930+plane+%22Popular&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=bfiPTs-NGInE0AHC_4k_&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=8&amp;ved=0CEwQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&amp;q=1930%20plane%20%22Popular&amp;f=true &quot;Test Light Speed in Mile Long Vacuum Tube.&quot;] ''Popular Science Monthly'', September 1930, p.&amp;nbsp;17–18.
*[http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/metre.html Definition of the metre] (International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM)
*[http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c Speed of light in vacuum] (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)
*[http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/bayesian/datagall/michelso.htm Data Gallery: Michelson Speed of Light (Univariate Location Estimation)] (download data gathered by [[Albert A. Michelson]])
*[http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/APPLETS/20/20.html Subluminal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050615174625/http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/APPLETS/20/20.html |date=2005-06-15 }} (Java applet demonstrating group velocity information limits)
*[http://www.mathpages.com/rr/s3-03/3-03.htm De Mora Luminis] at MathPages
*[http://www.ertin.com/sloan_on_speed_of_light.html Light discussion on adding velocities]
*[http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/lightspeed-1.html Speed of Light] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115205125/http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/lightspeed-1.html |date=2008-01-15 }} (University of Colorado Department of Physics)
*[http://sixtysymbols.com/videos/light.htm c: Speed of Light] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708003848/http://sixtysymbols.com/videos/light.htm |date=2015-07-08 }} (Sixty Symbols, University of Nottingham Department of Physics [video])
*[http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ Usenet Physics FAQ]
*[http://www.live-counter.com/speed-of-light/ Speed of light illustration] (Speed of light as Live-Counter)</text>
      <sha1>35u9fb6w4huvqm6oudj7y26ppb8jevq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Syensya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17863</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="13653" sha1="l04fi9qgagl5mach4iduyi1jwa77xtn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The_Scientific_Universe.png|right|500px]]

An '''syensya''' (tikang ha [[Linatin]] ''scientia'', kasirigngon &quot;kaaradman&quot;) amo an paghalikwat hin mga batun para madug-ngan an kaaradman, ngan an organisado nga bahin han kaaradman nga nabibilngan ha pamaagi hini.

An gintikangan han syensya mababaybay ngadto san ''Ancient Egypt'' ngan Mesopotamia sadton mga 3500 tobtob 3000 BCE. An ira kontribusyon sa mathematics, [[astronomiya]] , ngan pagtaga-medisina nagbug'os san [[philosopiya]] sadton mga sina-una na mga Greyego.

==Mga Sanga san Syensya==

An moderno na syensya amo in binabahin sin tulo na sanga; '' natural sciences'' (e.g., biology, chemistry, ngan physics), an pag' aram san mga butang na nakapalibot sa aton; an ''social sciences''(e.g., economics, psychology, ngan sociology), an pag'aram adton mga indibiduwal ngan mga sosyodad; ngan an ''formal sciences'' (e.g., logic, mathematics, ngan theoretical computer science), na hiunung san mga ''abstract concpt''. Lugaring la, may ada argumento kun an ''formal sciences'' matuod ba na syensya tungod kay diri ini ginpapasarig san ''empirical evidence''.

Adton mga disciplina na nagamit san ''existing scientific knowledge'' para san praktikal na gamit, sugad san ''engineering'' ngan ''medicine'', amo in gintatawag na '' applied sciences''.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=Robert P. Crease|last=Crease|first=Robert P.|title=The Great Equations| date = 2009|isbn=978-0-393-06204-5|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton|page=317|ref=harv|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Crease|first=Robert P.|title=World in the Balance: the historic quest for an absolute system of measurement|url=https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancehi0000crea| date = 2011|isbn=978-0-393-07298-3|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancehi0000crea/page/317 317]|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| first=Giuliano Toraldo | last=di Francia| title=The Investigation of the Physical World| url=https://archive.org/details/investigationofp0000tora | location=Cambridge| publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1976| isbn=0-521-29925-X| ref=harv| postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{inconsistent citations}}}} Originally published in Italian as ''L'Indagine del Mondo Fisico'' by Giulio Einaudi editore 1976; first published in English by Cambridge University Press 1981.
* {{cite book|last=Fara| first=Patricia| date = 2009 | title=Science : a four thousand year history|url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara| location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-922689-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara/page/408 408]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last=Feyerabend | first=Paul | authorlink=Paul Feyerabend | date = 1993 | title=Against Method | url=https://archive.org/details/againstmethod0000feye | edition=3rd | publisher=Verso | place=London | isbn=0-86091-646-4 | ref=harv }}
* Feyerabend, Paul (2005). ''Science, history of the philosophy'', as cited in {{Cite book|author=Honderich, Ted |title=The Oxford companion to philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [[Oxfordshire]] | date = 2005 |pages= |isbn=0-19-926479-1 |oclc= 173262485|doi=}}
* {{Cite book| authorlink=Peter Godfrey-Smith| last=Godfrey-Smith | first=Peter  | date = 2003| title=Theory and Reality| url=https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint0000godf| publisher=University of Chicago| isbn=0-226-30062-5| page=[https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint0000godf/page/272 272] | location= Chicago 60637| ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|author=Feynman, R.P.| date = 1999|title=The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman|url=https://archive.org/details/pleasureoffindin00feyn|publisher=Perseus Books Group|isbn=0-465-02395-9 | oclc = 181597764}}
*{{cite book| last= Heilbron |first= J. L. (editor-in-chief) | authorlink=J. L. Heilbron| date = 2003 |title= The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science | url= https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_s7n3 |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press. |isbn= 0-19-511229-6 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book| authorlink= David C. Lindberg |last= Lindberg| first= D. C. |title= Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler | url= https://archive.org/details/theoriesofvision0000lind |location= Chicago |publisher= Univ. of Chicago Pr.| date = 1976| ref= harv}}
* {{Cite journal|authorlink=Joseph Needham| last=Needham | first=Joseph | date = 1954 |title=[[Science and Civilisation in China]]: Introductory Orientations|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book| last1=Nola | first1=Robert | last2=Irzik | first2=Gürol | date = 2005 | title=Philosophy, science, education and culture | volume=28 | series=Science &amp; technology education library | isbn=1-4020-3769-4 | publisher=Springer | ref=harv | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HRqDnikufC0C }}
* [[David Papineau|Papineau, David]]. (2005). ''Science, problems of the philosophy of.'', as cited in {{Cite book|author=Honderich, Ted |title=The Oxford companion to philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [[Oxfordshire]] | date = 2005|isbn=0-19-926479-1 |oclc= 173262485}}
* {{Cite book | last=Parkin|first=D. | date = 1991|article=Simultaneity and Sequencing in the Oracular Speech of Kenyan Diviners|editor=Philip M. Peek|title=African Divination Systems: Ways of Knowing|location=Indianapolis, IN|publisher=Indiana University Press|ref=harv}}.
* {{Cite book| date = 1958|authorlink=Michael Polanyi|last=Polanyi|first=Michael |title=Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy| url = https://archive.org/details/personalknowledg0000pola_k8v7| publisher= University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-67288-3|ref=harv|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{cite book
| last=Popper | first=Karl Raimund | date = 1996 | origyear=1984 | authorlink=Karl Popper | title=In search of a better world: lectures and essays from thirty years | publisher=Routledge | place=New York, NY  | isbn=0-415-13548-6 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=L33XSZE77OkC | ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book
| last=Popper | first=Karl R. | date = 2002 | title=[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]] | origyear=1959 | edition= | publisher=Routledge Classics | location=New York, NY | isbn=0-415-27844-9 | oclc=59377149 | ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Stanovich|first=Keith E.| date = 2007 |title=How to Think Straight About Psychology|url=https://archive.org/details/howtothinkstraig0000stan| location=Boston|publisher=Pearson Education|ref=harv | isbn=978-0-205-68590-5}}&lt;!--Amazon Look inside for 2010 edition reveals that it is the 9th edition&amp;nbsp;— page numbers could be tricky here --&gt;
* {{Cite book|authorlink=John Ziman|first=John |last=Ziman |title=Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-22087-4| date = 1978|page=197|ref=harv|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{inconsistent citations}}}}
{{refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Augros, Robert M., Stanciu, George N., &quot;The New Story of Science: mind and the universe&quot;, Lake Bluff, Ill.: Regnery Gateway, c1984. ISBN 0-89526-833-7
* {{Cite book | last=Becker |first=Ernest | date = 1968 |title=The structure of evil; an essay on the unification of the science of man | url=https://archive.org/details/structureofevila00beck |location=New York|publisher=G. Braziller |authorlink=Ernest Becker}}
* Cole, K. C., ''Things your teacher never told you about science: Nine shocking revelations'' [[Newsday]], [[Long Island, New York]], 23 Marso 1986, pg 21+
* Feynman, Richard [http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/02/CargoCult.pdf &quot;Cargo Cult Science&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000024/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/02/CargoCult.pdf |date=2009-03-04 }}
* {{cite book | last=Gaukroger | first=Stephen | date = 2006 | title=The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity 1210–1685 | url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofscien0000gauk | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=Oxford | isbn=0-19-929644-8 }}
* Gopnik, Alison, [http://www.amacad.org/publications/winter2004/gopnik.pdf &quot;Finding Our Inner Scientist&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412053853/http://www.amacad.org/publications/winter2004/gopnik.pdf |date=2016-04-12 }}, [[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]], Winter 2004.
* Krige, John, and Dominique Pestre, eds., ''Science in the Twentieth Century'', Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-28606-9
* [[Yuval Levin|Levin, Yuval]] (2008). ''Imagining the Future: Science and American Democracy''. New York, Encounter Books. ISBN 1-59403-209-2
* [[Thomas Samuel Kuhn|Kuhn, Thomas]], ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'', 1962.
* {{Cite book |first=McComas  |last=William F. |url=http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/roe/Knowability_590/Week2/Myths%20of%20Science.pdf |chapter=The principal elements of the nature of science: Dispelling the myths |title=The nature of science in science education: rationales and strategies |editor-last=McComas |editor-first=William F. | date = 1998 |publisher=Springer |isbn= 978-0-7923-6168-8 |ref=harv |postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{Cite book | last=Obler | first=Paul C.|author2=Estrin, Herman A. |title = The New Scientist: Essays on the Methods and Values of Modern Science | url=https://archive.org/details/newscientistessa00oble | publisher = [[Anchor Books]], Doubleday | date = 1962}}
* {{cite book | last=Russell | first=Bertrand | date = 1985 | origyear=1952 | title=The Impact of Science on Society | publisher=Unwin | place=London | isbn=0-04-300090-8 }}
* {{cite book | last1= Rutherford | first1=F. James | last2= Ahlgren | first2=Andrew | date = 1990 | title= Science for all Americans | url= https://archive.org/details/scienceforallame0002ruth | publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], Oxford University Press | place=New York, NY | isbn=0-19-506771-1 }}
* {{Cite book| last=Thurs | first=Daniel Patrick | date = 2007 | title=Science Talk: Changing Notions of Science in American Popular Culture| url=https://archive.org/details/sciencetalkchang00thur | pages=[https://archive.org/details/sciencetalkchang00thur/page/22 22]–52 | publisher=Rutgers University Press | location=New Brunswick, NJ | isbn=978-0-8135-4073-3 }}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|voy=Science tourism}}
'''Publications'''
* &quot;''[[b:GCSE Science|GCSE Science textbook]]''&quot;. [[Wikibooks]].org

'''Mga balita'''
* [http://www.nature.com/news/ Nature News]. Science news by the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''
* [http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist]. An weekly magazine published by [[Reed Business Information]]
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/ ScienceDaily]
* [http://www.sciencenewsline.com/ Science Newsline]
* [http://sciencia.com/ Sciencia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129180040/http://sciencia.com/ |date=2011-11-29 }}
* [http://www.discovermagazine.com/ Discover Magazine]
* [http://www.science.ie/ Irish Science News] from Discover Science &amp; Engineering

'''Resources'''
* [http://www.euroscience.org/ Euroscience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080435/http://www.euroscience.org/ |date=2010-04-12 }}:
** {{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610204548/http://www.euroscience.org/esof.html |archivedate=10 Hunyo 2010 |title=ESOF: Euroscience Open Forum|url=http://www.euroscience.org/esof.html}}
* [http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/science-and-education/ Science Development in the ''Latin American docta''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504084802/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/science-and-education/ |date=2009-05-04 }}
* [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-57;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv1-57;brand=default Classification of the Sciences]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} in ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas''. (Dictionary's new electronic format is badly botched, entries after &quot;Design&quot; are inaccessible. ''Internet Archive'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619205103/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 old version]).
* [http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml &quot;Nature of Science&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010084037/http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml |date=2006-10-10 }} ''[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]]''
* [http://www.science.gov/ United States Science Initiative] Selected science information provided by US Government agencies, including research &amp; development results
* [http://undsci.berkeley.edu/index.php How science works] ''[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]]''

[[category:syensya]]</text>
      <sha1>l04fi9qgagl5mach4iduyi1jwa77xtn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruhollah Khomeini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 4 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="18114" sha1="1w4bkouit26el3q5xm1s1r08gmjom9o" xml:space="preserve">:''Diri angay igkalipat kan [[Ali Khamenei]]''
{{Infobox officeholder
| name          = Sayyid Ruhollah Khomeini
| native_name   = {{lang|fa|سید روح‌الله موسوی خمینی}}
| honorific-prefix = [[Gran Ayatollah]]
| image         = Ruhollah Khomeini by Jamaran 1.jpg
| caption       = Hi Ruhollah Khomeini
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1902|9|24|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;birth1&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|DeFronzo|2007|p=287}}. &quot;natawo 22 Septyembre 1901...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/history/rkhomeini/ayatollah_khomeini.php |title=History Of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini – Iran Chamber Society |publisher=Iranchamber.com |date= |accessdate=5 Enero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes books&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khomeini Life of the Ayatollah By Baqer Moin |work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/moin-khomeini.html |accessdate=19 Enero 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Imama Khomeini International Portal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.harammotahar.ir/|title=Imam Khomeini Official Website &amp;#124; پرتال امام خمینی|publisher=harammotahar.ir|date=|accessdate=9 Marso 2012|archive-date=2016-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503221912/http://www.harammotahar.ir/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Karsh|2007|p=220}}. &quot;Natawo han 22 Septyembre 1901&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place   = [[Khomeyn]], [[Iran]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1989|6|3|1902|9|24|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
| resting_place = [[Mausoleo ni Ruhollah Khomeini]]
| nationality   = [[Irani nga mga katawhan|Irani]]
| spouse        = {{marriage|[[Khadijeh Saqafi]]|1929}}
| children      = [[Mostafa Khomeini|Mostafa]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini|Zahra]] &lt;br /&gt; Sadiqeh &lt;br /&gt; [[Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini|Farideh]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Ahmad Khomeini|Ahmad]]
| office        = Syahan nga [[Supremo nga Namumuno han Iran]]
| term_start    = 11 Pebrero 1979 
| term_end      = 3 Hunyo 1989
| president     = [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ali Khamenei]]
| primeminister = [[Mehdi Bazargan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohammad-Javad Bahonar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani|Mohammadreza Mahdavi Kani]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]
| predecessor   = [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|nga [[Talaan hin nga namumuno hin estado han Iran|namumuno hin estado]]}}
| successor     = [[Ali Khamenei]]
| website       = [http://www.imam-khomeini.ir www.imam-khomeini.ir]
| signature     = Ruhollah Khomeini signature.png
| module        =
    {{Infobox religious biography
    | title = [[Gran Ayatollah]]
    | embed             = yes
    | religion         = [[Islam]]
    | denomination      = [[Imamismo|Duodecimo]] nga [[Shia Islam|Shīʿā]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Bowering|editor1-first=Gerhard|editor2-last=Crone|editor2-first=Patricia|editor3-last=Kadi|editor3-first=Wadad|editor4-last=Stewart|editor4-first=Devin J.|editor5-last=Zaman|editor5-first=Muhammad Qasim|editor6-last=Mirza|editor6-first=Mahan|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|date=28 Nobyembre 2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400838554|page=518}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Malise Ruthven|title=Fundamentalism: The Search For Meaning: The Search For Meaning|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismse0000ruth_k6f1|date=8 Abril 2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780191517389|page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismse0000ruth_k6f1/page/29 29]|edition=reprint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Jebnoun|editor1-first=Noureddine|editor2-last=Kia|editor2-first=Mehrdad|editor3-last=Kirk|editor3-first=Mimi|title=Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis|date=31 Hulyo 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135007317|page=168}}&lt;/ref&gt;
    | jurisprudence     = [[Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja'fari]]
    | creed             = [[Usuli]]
    | main_interests    =
    | notable_ideas     = Bag-o nga pagbandilyo han [[Pagbantay han Islamiko nga Magbabalaod|Pagbantay]]
    | notable_works     = [[Ika-Kap-atan nga Hadith ni Ruhullah Khomeini|Ika-Kap-atan nga Hadith]], [[Kashf al-Asrar]], [[Tahrir al-Wasilah]], [[Islamiko nga Kagamhanan:Pagdumara han Magbabalaod|Islamiko nga Kagamhanan]]
    | alma_mater        = [[Qom nga Seminaryo]]
    | teachers          = [[Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi]]
    | students          =
    | influences        =
    | influenced        =
    }}
}}
{{Infobox manner of address
| name        = Ruhollah Khomeini
| reference   = Eminente nga [[marja'|marji' al-taqlid]], [[Gran Ayatollah|Ayatullah al-Uzma]] Imam Khumayni&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation| title    =Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Chapter 1, Article 1| publisher = [[Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran]]| url =https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| spoken      = Imam Khomeini&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;/&gt;
| religious   = [[Gran Ayatollah|Ayatullah al-Uzma]] Ruhollah Khomeini&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;/&gt;
| posthumous  =
| alternative =
}}

Hi '''[[Sayyid]] Ruhollah Mostafavi Mūsavi Khomeini'''  o kundi man '''Ruhollah Jomeini''' ([[Persa nga pinulongan|Pinersa]] {{nastaliq|سید روح‌اللّه مصطفوی موسوی خمینی}}, {{IPA-fa|ruːholˈlɑːhe muːsæˈviːje χomeiˈniː}}, 24 Setyembre 1902 – 3 Hunyo 1989) nga kilalado liwat ha Katundan nga Kalibotan nga '''Ayatollah Khomeini''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ayatollah Khomeini (1900–1989)|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/khomeini_ayatollah.shtml|publisher=BBC – History|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; usá nga Irani nga politiko ngan klerigo o namumuno ha relihiyon. Hiyá an nagtukod han [[Iran|Republika Islamika han Iran]] ngan namuno han 1979 nga [[Irani nga Rebolusyon]], nga nagdangat han pagtanggal tikang ha poder han kataposán nga [[Shah]] han Iran nga hi [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], ngan an kataposan han [[Imperyo Persiano|2,500 ka tuig nga monarkiya Persiano]]. Sunod han rebolusyon, hi Khomeini amo an nagin [[Supremo nga Namumuno han Iran|Supremo nga Lider]] o Supremo nga Namumuno, usá nga posisyon nga ginhimo dida han [[Konstitusyon han Republika Islamika han Iran|batakan-balaod]] han Republika Islamika nga amo an gihataasi hin ranggo nga otoridad ha politika ngan relihiyon han nasod, nga diin iya ini ginkaptan kutob han iya kamatay. Ginsundan hiya ni [[Ali Khamenei]] han 4 Hunyo 1989.

Natawo hi Khomeini han 1902 ha [[Khomeyn]], ha yana nga lalawigan han [[Markazi (lalawigan)|Markazi]] han Iran. Ginpatay an iya amay han 1903 han lima ka bulan pa la hi Khomeini.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reich&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Reich|first=Bernard|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3D5FulN2WqQC&amp;pg=PA310|title=Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary|location=Westport, CN|publisher=Greenwood Press| date = 1990|page=310|isbn=9780313262135}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtikang hiya pag-aram han [[Quran]] ngan han [[Pinersa nga yinaknan]] tikang hin pagkabata ngan ginbuligan hiyá han iya pag-aram ha relihiyon han iya mga urupod, upod han patod han iya iroy ngan magurang nga bugto nga lalaki.

Hi Khomeini usá nga ''[[Marja'|marja]]'' (&quot;kuruhaon hin pagsunod o pagsubad&quot;) ha [[Imamismo|Imamismo]] nga [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Islam, usá nga [[Mujtahid]] o kundi man ''[[faqih]]'' (usá nga experto ha [[Sharia]]) ngan nagsurat hin labaw hin 40 nga mga libro, kundi kilalado hiya tungod han iya mga ginbuhat ha politika. Mga 15 ka tuig hiyá ha gawas han nasod ha exilio tungod han iya pagtipa han kataposán nga shah. Ha iya mga pagsurat ngan mga pagwali, iya ginpadukwag an teoriya han ''[[Pagbantay han Islamiko nga Magbabalaod|welayat-el faqih]]'', an &quot;Pagbantay han Islamiko nga Magbabalaod (kleriko o relihiyoso nga kagamhanan)&quot;, nga maglakip hin [[theocracy|theokratiko]] nga [[Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist|pagdumara ha politika hin Islamiko nga mga magbabalaod]]. Iní nga prinsipyo (bisan man kun diri kilalado han darudako nga publiko ugsa han rebolusyon),&lt;ref&gt;Abrahamian, ''Iran,'' (1982) p. 478–9&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hamid Algar, 'Development of the Concept of velayat-i faqih since the Islamic Revolution in Iran,' paper presented at London Conference on vilayat al-faqih, in June 1988, quoted in &quot;The Rule of the Religious Jurist in Iran&quot; by Abdulaziz Sachedina, p. 133 in ''Iran at the Crossroads'', edited by John Esposito and R. K. Ramazani&lt;/ref&gt; gindugáng dida han bag-o nga Iranyano nga konstitusyon&lt;ref&gt;Moin, ''Khomeini'', (2000), p. 218&lt;/ref&gt; katapos iní ginbutáng hin referendum.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/iran.htm |title=NYU Law: A Guide to the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran |publisher=Nyulawglobal.org |accessdate=16 Disyembre 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107082546/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Iran.htm |archive-date=7 Enero 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sumala han ''[[The New York Times]]'', gintawag ni Khomeini an demokrasya nga baga hin prostitusyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ibrahim|first=Youssef M.|title=The world: Khomeini vs. Hussein; Mideast's Contenders for Nasser's Mantle|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/31/weekinreview/the-world-khomeini-vs-hussein-mideast-s-contenders-for-nasser-s-mantle.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=31 Hulyo 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gindedebate kon an mga ideya ni Khomeini naangay hit demokrasya ngan kun naghunahuna ba hiya nga magin demokratiko an Republika Islamika.&lt;ref&gt;[[Political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini#Democracy]]&lt;/ref&gt; Hiya an [[Time Person of the Year|Man of the Year]] han 1979 han ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazin tungod han iya impluwensya ha internasyonal nga larangan,&lt;ref name=TIME_1979&gt;{{cite news |title=TIME Person of the Year 1979: Ayatullah Khomeini |date=7 Enero 1980 |accessdate=22 Nobyembre 2008 |url=http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/stories/1979.html |work=Time |archive-date=2008-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123035609/http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/stories/1979.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan ginpahayag nga hi Khomeini amo an &quot;virtual nga nawong han Shia nga Islam ha kultura han katawhan han Katundan&quot;.&lt;ref name=nasr&gt;Nasr, Vali, ''The Shia Revival,'' Norton, (2006), p.138&lt;/ref&gt; Han 1982, naka-eskapo hiya hin usá nga paningkamot hin kudeta militar.&lt;ref name=&quot;The New York Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/28/world/iran-says-an-attempted-coup-by-army-group-was-foiled.html|title=Iran Says an Attempted Coup by Army Group Was Foiled|date=28 Hunyo 1982|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kilalado liwat hi Khomeini tungod han iya suporta han mga nannguha hin hostage dida han [[krisis hin hostage ha Iran]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923854,00.html |title=The Mystic Who Lit The Fires of Hatred. 7 Enero 1980 |work=Time |date=7 Enero 1980 |accessdate=19 Marso 2010 |archive-date=2010-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920060544/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923854,00.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an iya [[Fatwā|fatwa]] nga nagpatawag hin pagpatay han [[British Indian|British nga Indyano]] nga nobelista nga hi [[Salman Rushdie]],&lt;ref name=&quot;TIME_1979&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Marzorati, Gerald, &quot;Salman Rushdie: Fiction's Embattled Infidel&quot;. Named [[Time Person of the Year|Man of the Year]] in 1979 by American newsmagazine ''TIME''&lt;/ref&gt; ngan han iya pagtawag han Estados Unidos nga &quot;[[Dako nga Satanas]]&quot; ngan han [[Soviet Union]] nga &quot;[[Dako nga Satanas|Gurugutiay nga Satanas]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;lesser&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy |publisher=United States Institute of Peace |editor=Wright, Robin B. |pages=186 |chapter=Iran and Russia |author=Katz, Mark N. | date = 2010 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDgwl59s_hUC&amp;pg=PA186 |isbn=978-1-60127-084-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gin-criticize hi Khomeini tungod hiní nga mga buhat ngan han pagtalapas han mga katungod hin katawhan han mga Iranyano (upod an iya pagtugon hin pagpabitay hin mga yukot nga [[1988 nga mg pagbitay hin Iranyano nga mga bihag ha politika|priso ha politika]], [[Krimen hin gera|mga kriminal hin gera]] ngan [[Bihag ha Gera|mga bihag]] han [[Iran–Iraq War]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Lamb|first=Christina|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/1321090/Khomeini-fatwa-led-to-killing-of-30000-in-Iran.html |title=Khomeini fatwa 'led to killing of 30,000 in Iran'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=4 Pebrero 2001|accessdate=23 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=efraimkarsh&gt;{{cite book|title=The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988|url=https://archive.org/details/iraniraqwar198010000kars|pages=[https://archive.org/details/iraniraqwar198010000kars/page/n2 1]–8, 12–16, 19–82| author=Karsh, Efraim |publisher=Osprey Publishing |date= 25 Abril 2002 |isbn =978-1841763712}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.holycrime.com/Images/Listof1367Massacre.pdf|title=A list of executed prisoners in 1988 (in Farsi)|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iranfocus.com/en/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=160|title=Iran Focus|publisher=|access-date=2019-10-23|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806215429/https://www.iranfocus.com/en/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=160|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/reports/3149-a-faith-denied-the-persecution-of-the-baha-is-of-iran.html |title=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center – A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baha'is of Iran |publisher=Iranhrdc.org |accessdate=9 Marso 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gindayaw gihapon hiyá nga &quot;usá nga karismatiko nga namumuno hin dako nga pagkapopular&quot;,&lt;ref name=EofI&gt;Arjomand, S.A. &quot;Khumayni.&quot; ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.'' Brill, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; usá nga &quot;kampeon hin [[Islamico nga pagkabanhaw]]&quot; hin mga Shia nga iskolar,&lt;ref name=nasr /&gt; nga naningkamot nga magtukod hin mag-upay nga mga relasyon ha mga [[Sunni]] ngan mga [[Shia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Paul Vallely |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-vicious-schism-between-sunni-and-shia-has-been-poisoning-islam-for-1400-years--and-its-getting-worse-9139525.html |title=The vicious schism between Sunni and Shia has been poisoning Islam for 1,400 years – and it's getting worse |work=The Independent |date=19 Pebrero 2014 |accessdate=2 Marso 2014 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan usá nga dako nga nagpadukwag ha teoriya politika ngan estratehiya ha politika nga populista nga relihiyoso-hin-paglantaw.&lt;ref&gt;Ervand Abrahamian, ''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' (1982), p. 479&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sciolino-satan&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=T7QYk48OPqYC&amp;pg=PA298&amp;lpg=PA298&amp;dq=Those+intellectuals+who+say+that+the+clergy+should+leave+politics+and+go+back+to+the+Mosque+are+speaking+in+behalf+of+Satan&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=oxM851vsz3&amp;sig=ecicPqcJ0qKh2zUicTiYxq_CgE0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=BY0YVMbhK420yASamIGABA&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Those%20intellectuals%20who%20say%20that%20the%20clergy%20should%20leave%20politics%20and%20go%20back%20to%20the%20Mosque%20are%20speaking%20in%20behalf%20of%20Satan&amp;f=false Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran], Elaine Sciolino|quote=&quot;Iton nga mga intelektwal nga nasiring nga an mga klerigo angay bumiya ha politika ngan bumalik ngadto han mosque nayakan para kan Satanas.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ginkaptan ni Khomeini an titulo nga [[Gran Ayatollah]] ngan opisyal hiya nga tinatawag nga '''[[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam]] Khomeini''' ha sulod han Iran&lt;ref&gt;Gölz, [https://www.academia.edu/34634793/G%C3%B6lz_Olmo_Khomeinis_Face_is_in_the_Moon_Limitations_of_Sacredness_and_the_Origins_of_Sovereignty._In_Sakralit%C3%A4t_und_Heldentum_hrsg._von_Felix_Heinzer_J%C3%B6rn_Leonhard_und_Ralf_von_den_Hoff_229_244_Helden_-_Heroisierungen_-_Heroismen_6._W%C3%BCrzburg_Ergon_2017 &quot;Khomeini's Face is in the Moon: Limitations of Sacredness and the Origins of Sovereignty.&quot;], Ha Sakralität und Heldentum. Gin-edit ni Felix Heinzer, Jörn Leonhard ngan von den Hoff, Ralf, 229–44. Helden – Heroisierungen – Heroismen 6. Würzburg: Ergon, 2017, p. 230.&lt;/ref&gt; ngan han mga naugop ha iya ha langyaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;&gt;Moin, ''Khomeini'', (2001), p.201&lt;/ref&gt; Ha iba, tinatawag hiya nga Ayatollah Khomeini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/khomeini_ayatollah.shtml |title=BBC: Historic Figures: Ayatollah Khomeini (1900–1989) |publisher=BBC |date=4 Hunyo 1989 |accessdate=19 Marso 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha Iran, an iya lubnganan nga gintabonan hin cupola nga bulawan ha sementeryo han [[Behesht-e Zahra|Behesht-e Zahrāʾ]] ha Tehran nagin usá nga santuaryo para han mga nasunod ha iya,&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316812/Ruhollah-Khomeini|title=Ruhollah Khomeini|work=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan ha balaod ginkikita hiya nga &quot;diri-malalabtan&quot;, ngan ginsisirotan an mga Iranyano nga nainsulto ha iya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140922/iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-1|title=Iran arrests 11 over SMS Khomeini insults|work=GlobalPost|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314022740/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140922/iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-1|archive-date=14 Marso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-22/271511-iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-report.ashx|title=Iran arrests 11 over SMS Khomeini insults: report|work=The Daily Star|date=22 Septyembre 2017|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2017|archive-date=2017-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100948/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-22/271511-iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-report.ashx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga pinambasaran==
{{reflist}}


{{Commons category|Ruhollah Khomeini}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khomeini, Ruhollah}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1902]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1989]]
[[Kaarangay:Ruhollah Khomeini| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]
[[Kaarangay:Politika]]
[[Kaarangay:Relihiyon]]
[[Kaarangay:Iran]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Epiko ni Gilgamesh</title>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="8704" sha1="i76ro1e7kltxzqy6mamdeb60u2rcvpb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:GilgameshTablet.jpg|thumb]]
An '''Epiko ni Gilgamesh''' amo an usa ka siday epiko tikang ha Hadto nga Mesopotamia nga usa ha ginsyasyahani nga kilala nga buhat han mga panurat literatura.


==Mga reperensya==

===Pinanbasaran===
{{Reflist|3}}

===Bibliograpiya===

====Mga paghubad han Epiko====
* {{cite book |author=Jastrow, M. and Clay, A |title=An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic: On the Basis of Recently Discovered Texts| year=1920}}
* {{cite book |author=Sandars, N. K |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh (Penguin Epics)|url=https://archive.org/details/epicofgilgamesh0000unse_f4b8 | location= London  | publisher= Penguin | year=2006 | isbn=0-14-102628-6}}: re-print of the Penguin Classic translation (in prose) by N. K. Sandars 1960 (ISBN 014044100X) without the introduction.
* {{cite book |author=Mason, Herbert |title=Gilgamesh: A Verse Narrative |url=https://archive.org/details/gilgameshversena0000maso_l9v4 |location=Boston |publisher=Mariner Books |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-618-27564-9}} First published in 1970 by Houghton Mifflin; Mentor Books paperback published 1972.
* {{cite book |author=Kovacs, Maureen Gallery, transl. with intro. |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh |location=Stanford University Press |publisher=Stanford, California |year=1985,1989 |isbn=0-8047-1711-7}} Glossary, Appendices, Appendix (Chapter XII=Tablet XII). A line-by-line translation (Chapters I-XI).
* {{cite book |author=Ferry, David |title=Gilgamesh: A New Rendering in English Verse |url=https://archive.org/details/gilgameshnewrend00ferr |year=1993 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |isbn=0-374-52383-5 |authorlink=David Ferry (poet)}}
* {{cite book | author=Jackson, Danny |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh | url=https://archive.org/details/epicofgilgamesh0000unse |location=Wauconda, IL |publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=0-86516-352-9}}
* {{cite book |author=[[Simo Parpola|Parpola, Simo]], with Mikko Luuko, and Kalle Fabritius |title=The Standard Babylonian, Epic of Gilgamesh |url=https://archive.org/details/standardbabyloni0000unse |publisher=The [[Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project]] |year=1997 |isbn=951-45-7760-4}}: (Volume 1) in the original Akkadian cuneiform and transliteration; commentary and glossary are in English
* {{cite book |author=George, Andrew R., trans. &amp; edit. |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh; The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian.|url=https://archive.org/details/epicofgilgameshb0000unse_k8l3 |publisher=Penguin |location=England |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-044721-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Foster, Benjamin R., trans. &amp; edit. |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh |location=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |year=2001 |isbn=0-393-97516-9}}
* {{cite book |author=George, Andrew R., trans. &amp; edit. |title=The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=England |year=2003 |isbn=0-19-814922-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Mitchell, Stephen |title=Gilgamesh: A New English Version |url=https://archive.org/details/gilgameshnewengl0000mitc |location=New York |publisher=Free Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-7432-6164-X |authorlink=Stephen Mitchell (translator)}}

====Analisis han Epiko====
* {{cite book 
|last         = Jacobsen 
|first        = Thorkild 
|authorlink   = Thorkild Jacobsen 
|title        = The Treasures of Darkness, A History of Mesopotamian Religion 
|publisher    = [[Yale University Press]] 
|year         = 1976 
|url          = http://books.google.com/books?id=pD17nsgWQBoC&amp;dq=%22The+Treasures+of+Darkness,+A+History+of+Mesopotamian+Religion%22&amp;pg=PP1&amp;ots=xIB1vOkUgr&amp;sig=48BSBQDrKwEWbD_1_tlIU7hkc0Y&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result 
|isbn         = 0-300-01844-4
}}
* {{cite book 
|last        = Tigay 
|first       = Jeffrey H. 
|title       = The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic 
|publisher   = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]] 
|year        = 1982 
|url         = http://books.google.com/books?id=HzYOAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22The+Evolution+of+the+Gilgamesh+Epic%22&amp;dq=%22The+Evolution+of+the+Gilgamesh+Epic%22&amp;num=100&amp;client=opera&amp;pgis=1 
|isbn        = 0-8122-7805-4
}}
* {{cite book 
|last        = Kluger
|first       = Rivkah
|title       = The Gilgamesh Epic: A Psychological Study of a Modern Ancient Hero 
|publisher   = Daimon
|year        = 1991
|url         = http://books.google.com/books?id=oALOCGuQHK0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gilgamesh&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=UICgUJcqqbfQAZ_NgYAO&amp;ved=0CD8Q6AEwBjgK
|isbn        = 3-85630-523-8
}}
* {{cite book
 |last       = West
 |first      = Martin Litchfield
 |authorlink = Martin Litchfield West
 |title      = The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth
 |publisher  = Clarendon Press
 |year       = 1997
 |url        = http://books.google.com/books?id=wuHeHQAACAAJ&amp;dq=%22The+East+Face+of+Helicon%22&amp;num=100&amp;client=opera
 |isbn       = 0-19-815042-3
}}{{Dead link|date=October 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* {{cite book 
|last        = Best
|first       = Robert
|title       = Noah's Ark and the Ziusudra Epic 
|publisher   = Eisenbrauns  
|year        = 1999
|url         = http://books.google.com/books?id=VVjXAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=noah's+ark+and+the+ziusudra+epic&amp;dq=noah's+ark+and+the+ziusudra+epic&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7yckUsjXFKTl4AOi5YCYAw&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA
|isbn        = 0-9667840-1-4
}}
* {{cite book 
|last          = Damrosch 
|first         = David 
|title         = The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh 
|publisher     = [[Henry Holt and Company|Henry Holt and Co.]] 
|year          = 2007 
|url           = http://books.google.com/books?id=6jJQLrJXrakC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=%22The+Buried+Book:+The+Loss+and+Rediscovery+of+the+Great+Epic+of+Gilgamesh%22&amp;num=100&amp;client=opera&amp;sig=ACfU3U19bQtV0FbzQHz00tu38-cpnaTj3g 
|isbn          = 0-8050-8029-5
}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* Translations of the legends of Gilgamesh in the [[Sumerian language]] can be found in Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, [[Eleanor Robson|Robson, E.]], and Zólyomi, G., ''[http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/ The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210062657/http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/ |date=2008-12-10 }}'', Oxford 1998–.
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.5# Gilgamesh and Huwawa], version A
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.5.1# Gilgamesh and Huwawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909075934/http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.5.1 |date=2010-09-09 }}, version B
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.2# Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven]
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.1# Gilgamesh and Aga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114709/http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.1 |date=2016-10-09 }}
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.4# Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the nether world]
** [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.8.1.3# The death of Gilgamesh]
* [http://www.jasoncolavito.com/epic-of-gilgamesh.html The 1901 full text translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh by William Muss-Arnolt]
* {{Gutenberg|no=11000|name=An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic by Anonymous}}, edited by Morris Jastrow, translated by Albert T. Clay
* [http://public.wsu.edu/~gened/orpheus/orpheus_gilgamesh.htm Gilgamesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805175724/https://public.wsu.edu/~gened/orpheus/orpheus_gilgamesh.htm |date=2020-08-05 }} by Richard Hooker (wsu.edu)
*[http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/reginald-campbell-thompson-translation/ The Epic of Gilgamesh, Complete Academic Translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515171703/http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/reginald-campbell-thompson-translation/ |date=2014-05-15 }} by [[Reginald Campbell Thompson|R. Campbell Thompson]]
*[http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/maureen-gallery-kovacs-translation/ The Epic of Gilgamesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515171700/http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/maureen-gallery-kovacs-translation/ |date=2014-05-15 }} by Kovacs, M.G.,
*[http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/robert-temple-translation/ He Who Saw Everything: Verse Translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810090839/http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/robert-temple-translation/ |date=2013-08-10 }} by Temple, R.K.G.,

[[Kaarangay:Epiko ni Gilgamesh]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hans Christian Andersen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18059</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783440</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7127" sha1="ozd4m0xqhlljx4ja72tapw9kcgkhijk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer
| name         = Hans Christian Andersen
| image        = Hans Christian Andersen by Thora Hallager 1869.jpg
| caption      = Photograph taken by [[Thora Hallager]], 1869
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1805|4|2|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Odense]], [[Funen]], [[Kingdom of Denmark and Norway]] (modern [[Denmark]])
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1875|8|4|1805|4|2|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Copenhagen]], Kingdom of Denmark
| death_cause  = Liver cancer
| occupation   = Writer
| language     = Danish
| nationality  = Danish
| genre        = [[Children's literature]], [[travel literature|travelogue]]
| influences   = [[Ludvig Holberg]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[Heinrich Heine]], [[The Brothers Grimm]]
| signature    = Hans Christian Andersen Signature.svg
}}

Hi '''Hans Christian Andersen''' (2 Abril 1805 – 4 Agosto 1875) amo an usa ka taga Dinamarka nga manunurat ngan magsiriday. 

==Mga libro nga iya sinurat==
{{div col|3}}
* [[The Angel (fairy tale)|The Angel]] (1843)
* [[The Bell (fairy tale)|The Bell]]
* [[The Emperor's New Clothes]] (1837)
* [[The Fir-Tree]] (1844)
* [[The Galoshes of Fortune]] (1838)
* [[The Happy Family (fairy tale)|The Happy Family]]
* [[The Ice-Maiden]] (1863)
* [[It's Quite True!]]
* [[The Little Match Girl]] (1845)
* [[The Little Mermaid]] (1837)
* [[Little Tuck]]
* [[The Nightingale (fairy tale)|The Nightingale]] (1843)
* [[The Old House (fairly tale)|The Old House]]
* [[The Princess and the Pea]] (1835)
* [[The Red Shoes (fairy tale)|The Red Shoes]] (1845)
* [[Ole Lukøje|Sandman]] (1841)
* [[Several Things]] (1837)
* [[The Shadow (fairy tale)|The Shadow]] (1847)
* [[The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep]] (1845)
* [[The Snow Queen]] (1844)
* [[The Steadfast Tin Soldier]] (1838)
* [[The Story of a Mother]] (1847)
* [[The Swineherd]] (1841)
* [[Thumbelina]] (1835)
* [[The Tinderbox]] (1835)
* [[The Ugly Duckling]] (1843)
* [[The Wild Swans]] (1838)
{{div col end}}

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliograpiya==
*{{Cite book|title=Fairy Tales |last=Andersen |first=Hans Christian |editor=Jackie Wullschläger |year=2005 |origyear=2004 |publisher=Viking |location=New York|isbn=0-670-03377-4 |others=Tiina Nunnally|postscript=.}}
* {{Cite book |title=Hans Christian Andersen: A New Life |last=Andersen |first=Jens |year=2005 |origyear=2003 |publisher=Overlook Duckworth |location=New York, Woodstock, and London |isbn=978-1-58567-737-5 |others=Tiina Nunnally |postscript=.}}
*{{cite book|last=Bredsdorff|first=Elias|title=Hans Christian Andersen: the story of his life and work 1805-75|year=1975|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=0-7148-1636-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HZg9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA168|accessdate=4 April 2012|ref=harv}}
* Stig Dalager, ''Journey in Blue'', historical, biographical novel about H.C.Andersen, Peter Owen, London 2006, McArthur &amp; Co., Toronto 2006.
* [[Ruth Manning-Sanders]], ''Swan of Denmark: The Story of Hans Christian Andersen'', Heinemann, 1949
* [[Rictor Norton|Norton, Rictor]] (ed.) ''My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries''. Leyland Publications, San Francisco. 1998 ISBN 0-943595-71-1
* {{cite book |title=Hans Christian Andersen: Danish Writer and Citizen of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/hanschristianand0000sven_p2b0 |last=Rossel |first=Sven Hakon |publisher=Rodopi |year=1996 |isbn=9-051-83944-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=The King's Ballet Master |url=https://archive.org/details/kingsballetmaste0000unse |last=Terry |first=Walter |publisher=Dodd, Mead &amp; Company |location=New York |year=1979 |isbn=0-396-07722-6 |postscript=.}}
* {{Cite book |title=Hans Christian Andersen: The Life of a Storyteller |last=Wullschläger |first=Jackie |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=2002 |origyear=2000 |isbn=0-226-91747-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Hans Christian Andersen: The Misunderstood Storyteller |url=https://archive.org/details/hanschristianand0000zipe |last=Zipes |first=Jack |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York and London |isbn=0-415-97433-X |postscript=.}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{sisterlinks|Hans Christian Andersen|s=Author:Hans Christian Andersen|n=no|v=no|wikt=no|}}
*{{OL author|OL25931A}}
*[https://archive.org/stream/storyofmylif00ande#page/n17/mode/2up ''The Story of My Life''] (1871) by Hans Christian Andersen - English
*[http://www.hcandersen-homepage.dk Hans Christian Andersen Information Odense] 
*[http://www.hcandersen-homepage.dk/?page_id=14071 Hans Christian Andersen biography] 
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3AHans%20Christian%20Andersen%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Works by Hans Christian Andersen] at [[Internet Archive]]. Scanned, color illustrated first editions.
*{{worldcat id|lccn-n97-16738}}
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/arts/04hans.html And the cobbler's son became a princely author] Details of Andersen's life and the celebrations.
*[http://www.andersen.sdu.dk/index_e.html The Hans Christian Andersen Center] - contains many Andersen's stories in Danish and English
*The Hans Christian Andersen Museum in Odense has a large digital collection of Hans Christian Andersen [http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/klip/billedstart.asp?language=en papercuts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308023347/http://hca.museum.odense.dk/klip/billedstart.asp?language=en |date=2014-03-08 }}, [http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/tegning/billedstart.asp?language=en drawings] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120706135443/http://museum.odense.dk/andersen/tegning/billedstart.asp?language%3Den |date=2012-07-06 }} and [http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/portraet/billedstart.asp?language=en portraits] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120706135515/http://museum.odense.dk/andersen/portraet/billedstart.asp?language%3Den |date=2012-07-06 }} - You can follow his [http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/rejser/index.aspx?language=en travels] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120706140909/http://museum.odense.dk/andersen/rejser/index.aspx?language%3Den |date=2012-07-06 }} across Europe and explore his [http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/nyhavn/nyhavnuk.asp Nyhavn study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103013125/http://www.museum.odense.dk/andersen/nyhavn/nyhavnuk.asp |date=2010-01-03 }}.
*The [http://www.omsd.dk/themes/hc_andersen_uk/uk_hc_andersen_main_frame.htm Orders and Medals Society of Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120004806/http://www.omsd.dk/themes/hc_andersen_uk/uk_hc_andersen_main_frame.htm |date=2005-11-20 }} has descriptions of Hans Christian Andersen's Medals and Decorations.
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/114.html Jean Hersholt Collections of Hans Christian Andersen] From the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/ Rare Book and Special Collections Division] at the [[Library of Congress]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andersen, Hans Christian}}
[[Kaarangay:Hans Christian Andersen| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1805]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1875]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]
[[Kaarangay:Literatura]]
[[Kaarangay:Dinamarka]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reggae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783411</id>
      <parentid>7782354</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:34:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783411</origin>
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      <text bytes="6116" sha1="943intrymqtrhmjevxo72tdw30hy0p5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bob-Marley-in-Concert Zurich 05-30-80.jpg|thumb|Bob Marley han 1980]]
An '''reggae''' usa ka musika nga nagtikang ha Jamaica han urhi nga mga 1960.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliograpiya==
* Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini (2008). ''Les origines du reggae: retour aux sources. Mento, ska, rocksteady, early reggae'', L'Harmattan, coll. Univers musical. ISBN 978-2-296-06252-8 {{fr icon}}
* Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini (2011). ''Vibrations jamaïcaines. L'Histoire des musiques populaires jamaïcaines au XXe siècle'', Camion Blanc. ISBN 978-2-35779-157-2 {{fr icon}}
* {{cite book|author=Manuel, Peter, with Kenneth Bilby and Michael Largey|title=Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Temple University Press, 2006|isbn=1-59213-463-7|year=2006|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA }}
*{{cite book | author=O'Brien Chang, Kevin &amp; Chen, Wayne | title=Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican Music | publisher=Ian Randle Publishers | year=1998 | isbn=976-8100-67-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Leymarie |first=Isabelle |authorlink=Isabelle Leymarie |title = Du tango au reggae: musiques noires d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes |url=https://archive.org/details/dutangoaureggaem0000leym |publisher = Flammarion |year = 1996 |location = Paris |isbn = 2082108139}}
*{{cite book |last=Leymarie |first=Isabelle |authorlink=Isabelle Leymarie |title = Músicas del Caribe |url=https://archive.org/details/musicasdelcaribe0000leym |publisher = Akal |year = 1998 |location = Madrid |isbn = 8440677057}}
*{{cite book | author=Larkin, Colin (ed.) | title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae | url=https://archive.org/details/virginencycloped0000lark | publisher=Virgin | year= 1998| isbn=0-7535-0242-9}}
*{{cite book | author=[[Steve Barrow|Barrow, Steve]] &amp; Dalton, Peter | title=The Rough Guide to Reggae | url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoregg00barr| publisher=Rough Guides | year=2004 for the 3rd edition | isbn=1-84353-329-4 }}
*{{cite book | author=Morrow, Chris | title=Stir It Up: Reggae Cover Art | publisher=Thames &amp; Hudson | year= 1999| isbn=0-500-28154-8}}
*{{cite book | author=Jahn, Brian &amp; Weber, Tom | title=Reggae Island: Jamaican Music in the Digital Age | publisher=Da Capo Press | year= 1998| isbn=0-306-80853-6}}
*{{cite book | author=Hurford, Ray (ed.) | title=More Axe | url=https://archive.org/details/moreaxe00blac | publisher=Erikoispaino Oy | year= 1987| isbn=951-99841-4-3}}
*{{cite book | author=Potash, Chris (ed.) | title=Reggae, Rasta, Revolution: Jamaican Music from Ska to Dub | publisher=Schirmer Books | year= 1997| isbn=0-8256-7212-0}}
*{{cite book | author=Baek, Henrik &amp; Hedegard, Hans | title=Dancehall Explosion, Reggae Music Into the Next Millennium | publisher=Samler Borsen Publishing, Denmark | year=1999 | isbn=87-981684-3-6}}
*{{cite book | author=Katz, David | title=People Funny Boy: The Genius of Lee Scratch Perry | url=https://archive.org/details/peoplefunnyboy0000katz | publisher=Payback Press, UK | year=2000 | isbn=0-86241-854-2 | authorlink=David Katz (author)}}
*{{cite book | author=Lesser, Beth | title=King Jammy's | url=https://archive.org/details/kingjammys00less | publisher=ECW Press | year=2002 | isbn=1-55022-525-1}}
*{{cite book | author=Stolzoff, Norman C. | title=Wake The Town And Tell The People | url=https://archive.org/details/waketowntellpeop00stol | publisher=[[Duke University Press]], USA | year=2000 | isbn=0-8223-2514-4}}
*{{cite book | author=Davis, Stephen &amp; Simon, Peter | title=Reggae Bloodlines: In Search of the Music and Culture of Jamaica | publisher=Da Capo Press | year=1979 | isbn=0-306-80496-4}}
*{{cite book | author=Katz, David | title=Solid Foundation - An Oral history of Reggae | url=https://archive.org/details/solidfoundation00davi | publisher=Bloomsburry, UK | year=2003 | isbn=1-58234-143-5}}
*{{cite book | author=[[Michael de Koningh|de Koningh, Michael]] &amp; [[Laurence Cane-Honeysett|Cane-Honeysett, Laurence]] | title=Young Gifted and Black - The Story of Trojan Records | url=https://archive.org/details/younggiftedblack00deko| publisher=Sanctuary Publishing, UK | year=2003 | isbn=1-86074-464-8}}
*{{cite book | author=de Koningh, Michael &amp; Griffiths, Marc | title=Tighten Up - The History of Reggae in the UK | publisher=Sanctuary Publishing, UK | year=2003 | isbn=1-86074-559-8}}
*{{cite book | author=Bradley, Lloyd | title=Bass Culture. When Reggae Was King | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd, UK | year=2001 | isbn=0-14-023763-1 | authorlink=Lloyd Bradley}}
*{{cite book | author=Bradley, Lloyd | title=This Is Reggae Music. The Story of Jamaica's Music | publisher= Penguin Books Ltd, UK | year=2000 | isbn=0-802-13828-4 | authorlink= Lloyd Bradley}}
* {{cite book | author= Chang, Jeff | title=[[Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation]] | publisher= St. Martin's Press, 2005 |isbn=0-312-30143-X | year= 2005 | authorlink= Jeff Chang (journalist) }}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Bradley, Lloyd (1996). ''Reggae on CD: the Essential Collection''. London: Kyle-Cathie. 368 p. ISBN 1-85636-577-8. The ISBN is from the back cover; the ISBN on the verso of the t.p. is incomplete.

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q9794|commons=Category:Reggae|mw=no|voy=no|species=no|wikt=reggae|b=Music_Theory/Reggae|s=no|n=no|v=no|q=no}}
*{{DMOZ|Arts/Music/Styles/R/Regional_and_Ethnic/Reggae/}}
* [http://www.reggaezon.com/ When Dancehall was Nice - In the 80s Dancehall Reggae Reggae Recall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316021518/http://www.reggaezon.com/ |date=2015-03-16 }}
* [http://www.reggae.today/ Reggae.Today] English/Italian web portal about Reggae Music. Exclusive interviews, events, news
* [http://www.reggaeonline.es/ Reggae Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213160554/http://www.reggaeonline.es/ |date=2014-12-13 }} Spanish Reggae bands
* [http://www.reggae-releases.com/ Reggae Releases] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121095113/http://www.reggae-releases.com/ |date=2015-01-21 }} The best and future releases in reggae (Reggae albums database)

[[Kaarangay:Reggae| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hip hop</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783401</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:31:42Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7473" sha1="g6pvogxa38q3e997zuaa7a1vv10596p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Davey D interviews KRS-One.jpg|thumb]]

An '''hip hop''' usa nga gios kultura nga naguswag ha Syudad han [[New York]] han uruunhan han mga [[1970]] labi na ha mga [[Aprikano]]-Amerikano ngan Latino [[Amerikano]].

==Mga reperensya==
;Pinanbasaran
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}

;Bibliograpiya
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | editor-last = Ahearn | editor-first = Charlie| editor-link = Charlie Ahearn (director)| editor2-last = Fricke | editor2-first = Jim |title = Yes Yes Y'All: The Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop's First Decade| url = https://archive.org/details/yesyesyallexperi0000fric | publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]| date = 2002| location = New York City, New York | isbn = 0-306-81184-7}}
* {{Cite book | last = Campbell| first = Clive| authorlink = DJ Kool Herc| last2 = Chang| first2 = Jeff | authorlink2 = Jeff Chang (journalist)| title = [[Can't Stop Won't Stop (book)|Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation]]| publisher=[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]]| date = 2005| location = New York City, New York| isbn = 0-312-42579-1}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Chang| first = Jeff| title = It's a Hip-hop World| journal = [[Foreign Policy]]| issue = 163| pages = 58–65| date = 2007| url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3994| ref = harv| access-date = 29 Enero 2015| archive-date = 2 Nobyembre 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102045611/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3994| url-status = dead}}
* {{Cite book| last = Corvino| first = Daniel| last2 = Livernoche| first2 = Shawn| title = A Brief History of Rhyme and Bass: Growing Up With Hip Hop| publisher=[[Xlibris Corporation]]| date = 2000| location = Tinicum, Pennsylvania| isbn = 1-4010-2851-9}}
* {{Cite book| last = Diawara| first = Manthia| authorlink = Manthia Diawara| title = In Search of Africa| url = https://archive.org/details/insearchofafrica00diaw| publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]| date = 1998| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| isbn = 0-674-44611-9}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Gordon| first = Lewis R.| authorlink = Lewis Gordon| title = The Problem of Maturity in Hip Hop| journal=Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies| volume = 27| issue = 4 October–December|pages = 367–389| date =2005| doi = 10.1080/10714410500339020| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book| last = Hager| first = Steven| authorlink = Steven Hager| title = Hip Hop: The Illustrated History of Breaking Dancing, Rap Music and Graffiti| url = https://archive.org/details/hiphopillustrate00hage| publisher = [[St. Martin's Press]]| date = 1984| location = New York City, New York | isbn = 0312373171}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kelly| first = Robin D. G.| authorlink = Robin D. G. Kelley| title = [[Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class]]| publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]| date = 1994| location = New York City, New York | isbn = 0-684-82639-9}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kitwana| first = Bakari| title = The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture| publisher=[[Perseus Books Group]]| date = 2002| location = New York City, New York| isbn = 0-465-02979-5}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kitwana| first = Bakari | title = Why White Kids Love Hip Hop: Wankstas, Wiggers, Wannabes and the New Reality of Race in America| url = https://archive.org/details/whywhitekidslove00kitw_0| publisher=Basic Civitas Books| date = 2005| location = New York City, New York| isbn = 0-465-03746-1}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Kolbowski | first = Silvia| title = Homeboy Cosmopolitan | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_october_winter-1998_83/page/51 | journal=[[October (journal)|October]]| issue = 83| page = 51| date = Winter 1998| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last = Light| editor-first = Alan| editor-link = Alan Light (journalist)| title = The VIBE History of Hip-Hop| url = https://archive.org/details/vibehistoryofhip00ligh| publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]]| date = 1999 | edition = 1st| location = New York City, New York | isbn = 0-609-80503-7}}
* {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02821.x| last = McLeod| first = Kembrew| authorlink = Kembrew McLeod| title = Authenticity Within Hip-Hop and Other Cultures Threatened with Assimilation| journal = Journal of Communication| volume = 49| issue = 4| pages = 134–150| date = Autumn 1999| url = http://kembrew.com/documents/Publications-pdfs/McLeod-Authenticity.pdf| format = PDF 1448.9&amp;nbsp;[[Kilobyte|KB]]| ref = harv| access-date = 29 Enero 2015| archive-date = 18 Marso 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318162622/http://kembrew.com/documents/Publications-pdfs/McLeod-Authenticity.pdf| url-status             = dead}}
* {{Cite book| last = Nelson | first = George | title = Hip-Hop America| url = https://archive.org/details/hiphopamerica00geor_0 | publisher=[[Penguin Books]] | date = 2005| edition = 2nd | location = St. Louis, Missouri| isbn = 0-14-028022-7}}
* {{Cite book| last = Ogbar| first = Jeffrey O. G. | title = Hip-Hop Revolution: The Culture and Politics of Rap | url = https://archive.org/details/hiphoprevolution0000ogba_l5j0| publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]]| date = 2007 | location = Lawrence, Kansas | isbn = 978-0-7006-1547-6}}
* {{Cite book | last = Perkins | first = William E.| title = Droppin' Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture| publisher=[[Temple University Press]] | date = 1995| location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania| isbn = 1-56639-362-0}}
* {{Cite book | last = Ro| first = Ronin | title = Bad Boy: The Influence of Sean &quot;Puffy&quot; Combs on the Music Industry| url = https://archive.org/details/badboyinfluenceo0000roro| publisher=[[Pocket Books]] | date = 2001 | location = New York City, New York | isbn = 0-7434-2823-4}}
* {{Cite book | last = Rose | first = Tricia | title = Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America| publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]| date = 1994 | location = Middletown, Connecticut| isbn = 0-8195-6275-0}}
* {{Cite book | last = Shapiro| first = Peter | authorlink = Peter Shapiro (journalist)| title = Rough Guide to Hip Hop| url = https://archive.org/details/roughguidetohiph0002shap| publisher=[[Rough Guides]] | date = 2007 | edition = 2nd | location = London, UK | isbn = 1-84353-263-8}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Steingo | first = Gavin | title = South African Music after Apartheid: Kwaito, the &quot;Party Politic,&quot; and the Appropriation of Gold as a Sign of Success | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_popular-music-and-society_2005-07_28_3/page/333 | journal=Popular Music and Society | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 333–357 |date= Hulyo 2005| doi = 10.1080/03007760500105172 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book| last = Toop| first = David| authorlink = David Toop | title = Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop| url = https://archive.org/details/rapattack2africa0000toop| publisher=[[Serpent's Tail]]| date = 1991 | edition = 2nd | location = New York City, New York | isbn = 1-85242-243-2}}
&lt;!-- verify
* Gueraseva, Stacy. ''Def Jam Inc.'' New York: Random House, 2005
* Brown, Jake. ''Suge Knight: The Rise, fall, and Rise of Death Row Records''. Phoenix: Colossus Books, 2002.
* Huntington, Carla Stalling. ''Hip Hop Dance; Meanings and Messages''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland &amp; Company Publishers, Inc.
 --&gt;
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Hip hop music}}
{{Wikiquote|Hip hop music}}
* {{dmoz|Society/Subcultures/Hip-Hop}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blues</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18244</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783424</id>
      <parentid>7783051</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:37:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7531" sha1="tmuhfajgli5pwz1p2l21dths0js65j1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Taj Mahal Trio MQ2007-a.jpg|thumb|350px|Taj Mahal Blues Trio]]
[[Paypay:W. C. Handy - The &quot;St. Louis Blues&quot; - First page.jpg|thumb]]
An '''blues''' amo an ngaran nga ginhatag para ha mga musika nga ginhimo han komunidad Aprikano-Amerika ha Salatan han Estados Unidos ha kataposan han ika 19 siglo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga reperensya==
* {{cite journal|author=Barlow, William|title=Cashing In|journal=Split File: African Americans in the Mass Media| date = 1993|page=31}}
* Bransford, Steve. [http://southernspaces.org/2004/blues-lower-chattahoochee-valley &quot;Blues in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley&quot;] ''Southern Spaces'' 2004
* {{cite book|author=Clarke, Donald|title=The Rise and Fall of Popular Music|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofpopula00clar|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]| date = 1995|isbn=978-0-312-11573-9}}
* {{cite book|title=Nothing But the Blues: The Music and the Musicians|url=https://archive.org/details/nothingbutbluesm00cohn|editor=[[Lawrence Cohn]]|publisher=Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.)| date = 1993|isbn=978-1-55859-271-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Dicaire, David|title=Blues Singers: Biographies of 50 Legendary Artists of the Early 20th Century|url=https://archive.org/details/bluessingersbiog0000dica|publisher=McFarland| date = 1999|isbn=978-0-7864-0606-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Ewen, David|title=Panorama of American Popular Music|url=https://archive.org/details/panoramaofameric00ewen|publisher=Prentice Hall| date = 1957|isbn=978-0-13-648360-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Ferris, Jean|title=America's Musical Landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/americasmusicall0000ferr|publisher=Brown &amp; Benchmark| date = 1993|isbn=978-0-697-12516-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Garofalo, Reebee|title=Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA|url=https://archive.org/details/rockinoutpopular00garo_0|publisher=Allyn &amp; Bacon| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-205-13703-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Herzhaft, Gérard, Paul Harris and, Brigitte Debord|title=Encyclopedia of the Blues|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbl00herz|publisher=[[University of Arkansas Press]]| date = 1997|isbn=978-1-55728-452-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Komara, Edward M.|title=Encyclopedia of the blues|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbl0001unse|publisher=Routledge| date = 2006 |isbn=978-0-415-92699-7}}
* {{cite book|author= Kunzler, Martin|title=Jazz Lexikon|url= https://archive.org/details/jazzlexikon1aaba0002kunz|publisher=Rohwolt Taschenbuch Verlag| date = 1988|isbn=978-3-499-16316-6|language=German}}
* {{cite book|author=Morales, Ed|title=The Latin Beat|url=https://archive.org/details/latinbeatrhythms00mora_0|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-306-81018-3}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Paul Oliver|Oliver, Paul]] and Richard Wright|title=[[Blues Fell This Morning|Blues fell this morning: Meaning in the blues]]|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1990|isbn=978-0-521-37793-5}}
* {{cite book|first=Robert|last=Palmer|authorlink=Robert Palmer (author/producer)|title=Deep Blues|url=https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palme|publisher=Viking| date = 1981|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palme/page/310 310] pages|isbn=978-0-670-49511-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Schuller, Gunther|title=Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyjazzitsroot0000schu_o7m2|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1968|isbn=978-0-19-504043-2}}
* {{cite book|author=Southern, Eileen|title=The Music of Black Americans|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900393971414|publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-393-03843-9}}
* {{cite news|url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/08/15/INGMC85SSK1.DTL|title=Muslim Roots of the Blues|work=[[SFGate]]|accessdate=24 Agosto 2005|first=Jonathan|last=Curiel|date=15 Agosto 2004|archive-date=5 Septyembre 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905161734/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F08%2F15%2FINGMC85SSK1.DTL|url-status=dead}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Brown, Luther. [http://southernspaces.org/2006/inside-poor-monkeys &quot;Inside Poor Monkey's&quot;], ''[[Southern Spaces]]'', 22 Hunyo 2006.
* Dixon, Robert M.W., and John Godrich (1970). ''Recording the Blues''. London: Studio Vista. 85 p., amply ill. SBN 289-79829-9
* {{cite book|first=Giles|last=Oakley|title=The Devil's Music: a History of the Blues|publisher=BBC|location=London| date = 1976|page=287|isbn=978-0-563-16012-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eVaedQMqi2UC&amp;printsec=frontcover}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925215947/http://books.google.com/books?id=eVaedQMqi2UC&amp;printsec=frontcover |date=2014-09-25 }}
* {{cite book|first=Charles|last= Keil|origyear=1966| date = 1991|title=Urban Blues|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|pages= 255 + ix + 8pp of plates|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Yl-8ihykkQ8C&amp;printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-226-42960-1}}
* {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Oliver|authorlink=Paul Oliver|title=The Story Of The Blues|edition=new|publisher=Northeastern University Press| date = 1998|page=212|isbn=978-1-55553-355-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=11dltCqYvZIC&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Oliver|authorlink=Paul Oliver|title=Conversation with the Blues, Volume 1| date = 1965|publisher=Horizon Press|page=217|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8180-1223-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YS0Vva57m8UC&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book|first=Mike|last=Rowe|title=Chicago Breakdown|url=https://archive.org/details/chicagobreakdown0000rowe|publisher=Eddison Press| date = 1973|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chicagobreakdown0000rowe/page/n229 226] pages|isbn=978-0-85649-015-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Jeff Todd|last=Titon|title=Early Downhome Blues: a Musical and Cultural Analysis|edition=2nd|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]| date = 1994|pages=318 pages|isbn=978-0-8078-4482-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yPKlxdCBmk0C&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* Welding, Peter, and Toby Brown, jt. eds. (1991). ''Bluesland: Portraits of Twelve Major American Blues Masters'', in series, ''Dutton Book[s].'' New York: Penguin Group. 253, [2] p., ill., chiefly with b&amp;w photos. ISBN 0-525-93375-1

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Blues|v=no|n=no|b=no|q=no|s=no}}
* {{dmoz|Arts/Music/Styles/B/Blues}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/folklife/onlinecollections.html The American Folklife Center's Online Collections and Presentations]
* [http://www.wirz.de/music/american.htm American Music]: An almost comprehensive collection of historical blues recordings.
* [http://www.yearoftheblues.org/radio/index.asp The Blues Radio Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194012/http://www.yearoftheblues.org/radio/index.asp |date=2014-02-01 }}
* [http://www.BlueShoeProject.org/ The Blue Shoe Project - Nationwide (U.S.) Blues Education Programming]
* [http://www.pbs.org/theblues/ &quot;The Blues&quot;], documentary series by [[Martin Scorsese]], aired on [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]
* [http://www.blues.org/ The Blues Foundation]
* [http://www.deltabluesmuseum.org/ The Delta Blues Museum]
* [http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/music_in_poetry/index.html The Music in Poetry]&amp;nbsp;– [[Smithsonian Institution]] lesson plan on the blues, for teachers
* [http://www.wirz.de/music/american.htm American Music]: Archive of artist and record label discographies</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kusog</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783419</id>
      <parentid>7652475</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:35:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3508" sha1="h5mfzimh2zjfn1zievb15q4nz9lylks" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Force.png|thumb]]

Ha [[pisika]], an '''kusog''' o '''force''', '''pwersa''' (Pambansa:Lakas) amo an nagpapabalyo o may kapas magbalyo han estado han diri pagkiwa o kiwa han usa ka butang.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Corben |first=H.C. |author2=Philip Stehle|title=Classical Mechanics|url=https://archive.org/details/classicalmechani0000corb_b6w8 |location=New York |publisher=Dover publications |year=1994 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/classicalmechani0000corb_b6w8/page/28 28]–31 |isbn=0-486-68063-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Cutnell |first=John D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Kenneth W. |title=Physics, Sixth Edition |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc. |year=2003 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |isbn=0471151831 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Feynman|first=Richard P.|last2=Leighton |first3=Matthew |last3=Sands |title=The Feynman lectures on physics. Vol. I: Mainly mechanics, radiation and heat|year=2010|publisher=BasicBooks|location=New York|isbn=978-0465024933|edition=New millennium |ref={{harvid|Feynman volume 1}} }}
* {{cite book|last=Feynman|first=Richard P.|first2=Robert B. |last2=Leighton |first3=Matthew |last3=Sands |title=The Feynman lectures on physics. Vol. II: Mainly electromagnetism and matter|year=2010|publisher=BasicBooks|location=New York|isbn=978-0465024940|edition=New millennium|ref={{harvid|Feynman volume 2}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Halliday |first=David |first2=Robert |last2=Resnick |first3=Kenneth S. |last3=Krane |title=Physics v. 1 |location=New York |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |year=2001 |isbn=0-471-32057-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Kleppner|first=Daniel|first2=Robert J. |last2=Kolenkow|title=An introduction to mechanics|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521198216|edition=3. print |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Parker |first=Sybil |title=force |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Physics |page=107, |location=Ohio |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1993 |isbn=0-07-051400-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Sears F., Zemansky M. &amp; Young H. |title=University Physics |publisher=Addison-Wesley |location=Reading, Massachusetts |year=1982 |isbn=0-201-07199-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Serway |first=Raymond A. |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Saunders College Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=0-534-40842-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Tipler |first=Paul |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics |url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0002tipl |edition=5th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |year=2004 |isbn=0-7167-0809-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Verma |first=H.C. |title=Concepts of Physics Vol 1. |edition=2004 Reprint |publisher=Bharti Bhavan |year=2004 |isbn=8177091875}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Forces}}
{{wiktionary}}
* [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-01Physics-IFall1999/VideoLectures/detail/Video-Segment-Index-for-L-6.htm Video lecture on Newton's three laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411233349/http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-01Physics-IFall1999/VideoLectures/detail/Video-Segment-Index-for-L-6.htm |date=2008-04-11 }} by [[Walter Lewin]] from [[MIT OpenCourseWare]]
* [http://phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Vector.htm A Java simulation on vector addition of forces]
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=DkWKvMtdLYU Force demonstrated as any influence on an object that changes the object's shape or motion (video)]

[[gd:Neart]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Palibot han batobarani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19799</id>
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        <id>41587</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6368" sha1="36tc7ba9mb40u8o0vqg3c84esohdvfx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:VFPt Solenoid correct.svg|thumb]]

An '''kalikopan han batobarani''' amo an palibot han [[batubarani]] nga nagpapakita hin magnetic force.


==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
[[File:Ørsted - ger, 1854 - 682714 F.tif|thumb|[[Hans Christian Ørsted]], ''Der Geist in der Natur'', 1854]]
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite book | author=Durney, Carl H. and Johnson, Curtis C. | title=Introduction to modern electromagnetics | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontomo0000durn | publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] | date = 1969 |isbn=0-07-018388-0}}
*{{Cite book | author=Furlani, Edward P. | title=Permanent Magnet and Electromechanical Devices: Materials, Analysis and Applications | publisher= Academic Press Series in Electromagnetism | date = 2001 | isbn=0-12-269951-3 | oclc=162129430}}
*{{cite book
 | last=Griffiths
 | first= David J.
 | date = 1999
 | title=Introduction to Electrodynamics
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0ed3grif
 | edition=3rd
 | publisher=[[Prentice Hall]]
 | page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0ed3grif/page/438 438]
 | isbn=0-13-805326-X
 | oclc=40251748
 |ref=harv
}}
*{{Cite book|last=Jiles |first=David | date = 1994 |title=Introduction to Electronic Properties of Materials |edition=1st |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-412-49580-5}}
*{{cite journal|first=Yaakov |last=Kraftmakher |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0143-0807/22/5/302 |title=Two experiments with rotating magnetic field | date = 2001 |journal=Eur. J. Phys. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=477&amp;ndash;482 |doi=10.1088/0143-0807/22/5/302|bibcode = 2001EJPh...22..477K }}
*{{cite journal|first=Sonia |last=Melle |first2=Miguel A. |last2=Rubio |first3=Gerald G. |last3=Fuller |url=http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v61/i4/p4111_1 |title=Structure and dynamics of magnetorheological fluids in rotating magnetic fields |journal=Phys. Rev. E |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=4111&amp;ndash;4117 | date = 2000|bibcode = 2000PhRvE..61.4111M |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4111 }}
*{{Cite book | author=Rao, Nannapaneni N. | title=Elements of engineering electromagnetics (4th ed.)| publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] | date = 1994 |isbn=0-13-948746-8 | oclc=221993786}}
*{{cite journal|first=Bogdan|last=Mielnik |first2=David J. Fernández C. |url=http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=JMAPAQ000030000002000537000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes |title=An electron trapped in a rotating magnetic field |journal=Journal of Mathematical Physics | date = 1989 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=537&amp;ndash;549|bibcode = 1989JMP....30..537M |doi = 10.1063/1.528419 |last2=FernáNdez c. }}
*{{Cite book | author=Thalmann, Julia K. | title=Evolution of Coronal Magnetic Fields | publisher=uni-edition | date = 2010 |isbn=978-3-942171-41-0}}
*{{Cite book | author=Tipler, Paul | title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.) | url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0002tipl | publisher=W. H. Freeman | date = 2004 | isbn=0-7167-0810-8 | oclc=51095685}}
*{{cite book |title= A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity|last= Whittaker|first=E. T.  |authorlink=E. T. Whittaker | date = 1951 |publisher= [[Dover Publications]]|isbn=0-486-26126-3 |page=34 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/historyoftheorie00whitrich |ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{multicol}}

===Impormasyon===
*&quot;''[https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy Magnet Academy]''&quot; Educational tutorials, articles and videos of about magnetism and electricity, from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.
*Crowell, B., &quot;''[http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch11/ch11.html Electromagnetism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603233123/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch11/ch11.html |date=2011-06-03 }}''&quot;.
*Nave, R., &quot;''[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magfie.html Magnetic Field]''&quot;. HyperPhysics.
*&quot;''Magnetism''&quot;, [http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/physics/mag/node2.html#SECTION00110000000000000000 The Magnetic Field] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709195126/http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/physics/mag/node2.html#SECTION00110000000000000000 |date=2006-07-09 }}. theory.uwinnipeg.ca.
*Hoadley, Rick, &quot;''[http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magfield.htm What do magnetic fields look like] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219102314/http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magfield.htm |date=2011-02-19 }}?''&quot; 17 Hulyo 2005.

===Field density===
*{{Cite web
  | last = Oppelt
  | first = Arnulf
  | date = 2 Nobyembre 2006
  | title = magnetic field strength
  | url = http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid44_gci763586,00.html
  | accessdate = 4 Hunyo 2007
  | archive-date = 5 Septyembre 2008
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905094533/http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid44_gci763586,00.html
  | url-status             = 
  }}
*{{Cite web
  | title = magnetic field strength converter
  | url = http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/magnetic-field-strength.html
  | accessdate = 4 Hunyo 2007 }}

{{multicol-break}}

===Nalibot nga magnetic fields===
*&quot;''[http://www.tpub.com/neets/book5/18a.htm Rotating magnetic fields]''&quot;. Integrated Publishing.
*&quot;''Introduction to Generators and Motors''&quot;, [http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_87.htm rotating magnetic field] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307162104/http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_87.htm |date=2005-03-07 }}. Integrated Publishing.
*&quot;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050929102550/http://www.egr.msu.edu/~jurkovi4/Experiment4.pdf Induction Motor &amp;ndash; Rotating Fields]''&quot;.

===Mga diagrama===
* &quot;''AC Motor Theory''&quot; [http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/h1011v4/css/h1011v4_23.htm Figure 2 Rotating Magnetic Field] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824063453/http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/h1011v4/css/h1011v4_23.htm |date=2005-08-24 }}. Integrated Publishing.
* &quot;''Magnetic Fields''&quot; [http://www.first4magnets.com/ekmps/shops/trainer27/resources/Other/magnetic-fields.pdf Arc &amp; Mitre Magnetic Field Diagrams] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326065551/http://www.first4magnets.com/ekmps/shops/trainer27/resources/Other/magnetic-fields.pdf |date=2013-03-26 }}. Magnet Expert Ltd.
{{multicol-end}}</text>
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An '''Pluton''' (simbulu: [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, fixed width).svg|16px|⯓]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet |author= JPL/NASA |date= 2015-04-22  |website= Jet Propulsion Laboratory |title= What is a Dwarf Planet? |access-date= 2022-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan  [[File:Pluto monogram (fixed width).svg|16px|♇]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=John Lewis |date=2004 |title=Physics and chemistry of the solar system |edition= 2 |page=64 |publisher=Elsevier}}&lt;/ref&gt;) amo an usa ka duwende nga planeta ha [[sistema solar]].

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    <title>Jacques Chirac</title>
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      <text bytes="8356" sha1="omojkg6nt17ku4mub2vk1fcytmozmnd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|name           = Jacques Chirac
|office         = [[Mangulo han Fransya]]
|image          =Jacques Chirac 2.jpg
|predecessor    = [[François Mitterrand]]
|primeminister  = [[Alain Juppé]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lionel Jospin]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jean-Pierre Raffarin]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dominique de Villepin]]
|successor      = [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
|signature      = Jacques Chirac Signature.svg
|office1        = [[Mga Mag-Prinsipe han Andorra|Igkasi-Prinsipe han Andorra]]
|alongside1     = [[Joan Martí i Alanis]]
|predecessor1   = [[François Mitterrand]]
|primeminister1 = [[Marc Forné Molné]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Albert Pintat]]
|successor1     = [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
|office2        = [[Primer Ministro han Fransya]]
|predecessor2   = [[Laurent Fabius]]
|president2     = [[François Mitterrand]]
|party          = [[Partido Komunista Franses|Partido Komunista]] {{small|(Ugsa han 1962)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Union pour la Nouvelle République|Paghiusa para han Bag-o nga Repúblika]] {{small|(1962–1968)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Union des Démocrates pour la République|Paghiusa hin mga Demokrata para han Repúblika]] {{small|(1968–1971)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Rassemblement pour la République|Rally para han Repúblika]] {{small|(1971–2002)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Union pour un mouvement populaire|Paghiusa para hin Kagiusan han Katawhan]] {{small|(2002–2015)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Les Républicains|Mga Repúblikano]] {{small|(2015–yanâ)}}
|successor2     = [[Michel Rocard]]
|birth_name     = Jacques René Chirac
|birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1932|11|29|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Paris]], [[Franses nga Ikatuló nga Repúblika|France]]
|spouse         = {{marriage|[[Bernadette Chirac|Bernadette de Courcel]]|16 March 1956}}
|children       = Laurence&lt;br /&gt;[[Claude Chirac|Claude]]
|alma_mater     = [[Institut d'études politiques de Paris|Sciences Po]]&lt;br /&gt;[[École nationale d'administration]]
|religion       = [[Singbahan Katoliko|Katolisismo Romano]]
|allegiance={{flag|Fransya}}
|branch=[[Franses nga Army]]
|serviceyears=1954-1957
|term_start     = 17 Mayo 1995
|term_end       = 16 Mayo 2007
|term_start1    = 17 Mayo 1995
|term_end1      = 16 Mayo 2007
|term_start2    = 20 Marso 1986
|term_end2      = 10 Mayo 1988
|president3     = [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]
|term_start3    = 27 Mayo 1974
|term_end3      = 26 Agosto 1976
|predecessor3   = [[Pierre Messmer]]
|successor3     = [[Raymond Barre]]
|office4        = [[Talaan hin mga alkalde han Paris|Alkalde han Paris]]
|term_start4    = 20 Marso 1977
|term_end4      = 16 Mayo 1995
|predecessor4   = Ginbálik pagtúkod an puwesto
|successor4     = [[Jean Tiberi]]
|office5        = Mangulo han [[Rally for the Republic]]
|term_start5    = 5 Disyembre 1976
|term_end5      = 4 Nobyembre 1994
|1blankname5    = Maghirilom-&lt;br /&gt;ha-Kasahiran
|1namedata5     = [[Jérôme Monod]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Alain Devaquet]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bernard Pons]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jacques Toubon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Alain Juppé]]
|predecessor5   = Gintúkod an puwesto
|successor5     = [[Alain Juppé]]
|office6        = [[Ministro han Interyor (France)|Ministro han Interyor]]
|primeminister6 = [[Pierre Messmer]]
|president6     = [[Georges Pompidou]]
|term_start6    = 27 Pebrero 1974
|term_end6      = 28 Mayo 1974
|predecessor6   = [[Raymond Marcellin]]
|successor6     = [[Michel Poniatowski]]
|office7        = [[Ministro han Agrikultura (France)|Ministro han Agrikultura]] ngan [[Rural nga Pagpadúkwag]]
|primeminister7 = [[Pierre Messmer]]
|president7     = [[Georges Pompidou]]
|term_start7    = 7 Hulyo 1972
|term_end7      = 27 Pebrero 1974
|predecessor7   = [[Michel Cointat]]
|successor7     = [[Raymond Marcellin]]
|order8         = Ministro para hin mga Relasyon nga Parlamentaryo
|term_start8    = 7 Enero 1971
|term_end8      = 5 Hulyo 1972
|president8     = [[Georges Pompidou]]
|primeminister8 = [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]]
|predecessor8   = [[Roger Frey]]
|successor8     = [[Robert Boulin]]
|order9         = [[Talaan hin mga Mangulo han Konseho nga Kasahiran han Corrèze|Mangulo han Konseho nga Kasahiran han Corrèze]]
|term_start9    = 15 Marso 1970
|term_end9      = 25 Marso 1979
|predecessor9   = [[Elie Rouby]]
|successor9     = [[Georges Debat]]
}}
Hi '''Jacques René Chirac''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒak ʁəne ʃiʁak|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Jacques Chirac.wav}}; 29 Nobyembre 1932 – 26 Septyembre 2019) usá nga Fransés nga polítiko, nga amo an nagsirbe nga [[Mangulo han Fransya]] ngan ''ex officio'' nga [[Mga Mag-Prinsipe han Andorra|Igkasi-Prinsipe han Andorra]] tikang 1995 tubtob 2007. Nagsirbe hi Chirac nga [[Primer Ministro han Fransya]] tikang 1974 tubtob 1976, tikang 1986 tubtob 1988, ngan an [[Talaan hin mga alkalde han Paris|Alkalde an Paris]] tíkang 1977 tubtob 1995.

Katapos han iya pagtapós han iya degree ha [[Institut d'études politiques de Paris]] (Sciences Po), usá ka panahón hin pag-iskwela ha [[Harvard University]], ngan ha [[École nationale d'administration]] (ENA), nagtikang hi Chirac han iya karera nga usa nga hataas-nga-ranggo nga burokrata ha serbisyo sibil, ngan waray la mag-iha binmúlig hiyá ha polítika. Nagkapot hi Chirac hin dirudilain nga mga senyor nga puwesto, upod an [[Ministro han Agrikultura (Fransya)|Ministro han Agrikultura]], [[Ministro han Interyor (France)|Ministro han Interyor]], Primer Ministro, [[Alkalde han Paris]], ngan [[Mangulo han Fransya|Mangulo han Repúblika Fransesa]].

An mga polisiya ni Chirac ha sulod han nasod ha pagtikáng naglakip hin mga hagmubo nga mga kadakô hin buwis, an pagtangggal hin [[mga kontrol hin presyo]], makusog nga pagsirot hin krimen ngan terorismo, ngan [[paghimo-nga-pribado]] hin mga negosyo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iht.com/articles/1997/07/15/chirac.t.php Privatization Is Essential, Chirac Warns Socialists: Resisting Global Currents, France Sticks to Being French], ''International Herald Tribune''&lt;/ref&gt; Katapos han pagsunod hiní nga mga polisiya komo Primer Ministro (1986–1988), ginbalyoán ni Chirac an iya paagi.  Nagproponer hiyá hin mas responsable ha katiringban nga [[mga polisiya ha ekonomiya]], ngan napilì hiyá han pinili-ay han 1995 katapos hin pagkampanya para hin pag-upáy han &quot;sosyal nga pagkabulag&quot; (''fracture sociale'').&lt;ref name=Bonjour&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bonjourlafrance.net/france-history/jacques-chirac.htm |title=Jacques Chirac President of France from 1995–2007 |publisher=Bonjourlafrance.net |accessdate=20 Abril 2010 |language=Ininggles |archive-date=2004-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040807162626/http://bonjourlafrance.net/france-history/jacques-chirac.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunod, an mga polisiya ha ekonomiya ni Chirac nga nahibase ha ''[[dirigisme]]'', mga ungara nga gindirekta-han-estado, natindog nga patok han ''[[laissez-faire]]'' nga mga polisiya han Reino Unido nga gintawag ni Chirac nga &quot;[[Anglosphere|Anglo-Saxon]] nga [[Klasikal nga liberalismo|ultraliberalismo]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=a&gt;{{cite book|last=Giavazzi|first=Francesco|author2=Alberto Alesina|year=2006|title=The Future of Europe: Reform Or Decline|url=https://archive.org/details/futureofeuropere0000ales|page=[https://archive.org/details/futureofeuropere0000ales/page/125 125]|language=Ininggles}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kilalado gihapon hiyá han iya pagtíndog patok han [[Gera ha Irak|pinamunoan-han-Amerikano nga pag-atake ha Irak]], han iya pagkilala han kanan [[Vichy nga Fransya|goberyno-nga-nagkolaborar Franses]] papel han pagpadará hin mga Hudeo, ngan han iya pag-iban han panahón hin pagkamangulo tikang hin 7 ka tuig ngadto hin 5 pinaagi hin referendum. Didâ ha [[2002 nga pinil-ay hin pagkamangulo Franses]], nagdaog hiya hin 82.2 % han botos patok han labaw-ha-tuo nga kandidato nga hi [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]. Han iya ikaduhá nga panahón hin pagsirbe nga mangulo, nakita niyá hin hinayhinay nga an pag-aproba ha iya han mga tawo nag-iban ngan pinmilì hiyá nga diri dumalagan hin pagka-elihir hin otro.

Han 15 Disyembre 2011, ginhukom hiyá han hukmanan ha Paris nga salaan hin pagbalhin hin paggamit hin mga salapi-nga-publiko ngan pag-abuso han pagtapod han públiko.  An hukmanan naghatag kan Chirac hin duha-ka-tuig nga sentensya hin pagkapriso nga ginsuspinder.

==Mga pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}


{{Commonscat|Jacques Chirac}}

{{Mga_Mangulo_han_Estado_han_Fransya}}
{{turók}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chirac, Jacques}}
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An '''Albuixech''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Albuixech}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783362</id>
      <parentid>7783361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:42:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
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      <origin>7783362</origin>
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      <text bytes="281" sha1="30vujwri9bb7qticsdoe5n4arfljv96" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Municipio de Albuixec, provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Albuixech]]
An '''Albuixech''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Albuixech}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>30vujwri9bb7qticsdoe5n4arfljv96</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alfara de la Baronía</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783363</id>
      <parentid>4726881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:43:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
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      <text bytes="333" sha1="g386lhrzg36hbry9k2hj5lrgt1ueu5e" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza de la Iglesia de Alfara de la Baronía (Valencia).jpg|thumb|Alfara de la Baronía]]
An '''Alfara de la Baronía''' (an una nga ngaran ''Alfara de Algimia'') amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>g386lhrzg36hbry9k2hj5lrgt1ueu5e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783364</id>
      <parentid>7783363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:44:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783364</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="443" sha1="6e5jxulqexqijw8m34ogmdcftq6ruuo" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza de la Iglesia de Alfara de la Baronía (Valencia).jpg|thumb|Alfara de la Baronía]]
[[Paypay:Municipio de Alfara de la Baronía, provincia de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Alfara de la Baronía]]
An '''Alfara de la Baronía''' (an una nga ngaran ''Alfara de Algimia'') amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>6e5jxulqexqijw8m34ogmdcftq6ruuo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alfara del Patriarca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783381</id>
      <parentid>4726882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:35:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
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      <text bytes="372" sha1="6dl9rkbe4or4ur3d8tbz5l2qgn2h464" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Alfara del Patriarca y plaza San Juan de Ribera, municipio de la provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Alfara del Patriarca]]
An '''Alfara del Patriarca''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Alfara del Patriarca}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>6dl9rkbe4or4ur3d8tbz5l2qgn2h464</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783382</id>
      <parentid>7783381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="515" sha1="lmd04tehlxazmivnvujua0sokxwqym1" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Alfara del Patriarca y plaza San Juan de Ribera, municipio de la provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Alfara del Patriarca]]
[[Paypay:Castillo-Palacio, plaza San Juan de Ribera, municipio de Alfara del Patriarca, provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Alfara del Patriarca]]
An '''Alfara del Patriarca''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Alfara del Patriarca}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>lmd04tehlxazmivnvujua0sokxwqym1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Algar de Palancia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27411</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783367</id>
      <parentid>4726931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
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      <text bytes="258" sha1="fkwezafq8lgjhq957hsggj5qg40gozb" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza Mayor, Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
An '''Algar de Palancia''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>fkwezafq8lgjhq957hsggj5qg40gozb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783368</id>
      <parentid>7783367</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="352" sha1="afwfw8clw5cn28bznvlp7oza6npt9bq" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza Mayor, Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
[[Paypay:Torre de Algar, Casa Consistorial de Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
An '''Algar de Palancia''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>afwfw8clw5cn28bznvlp7oza6npt9bq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783369</id>
      <parentid>7783368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:47:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783369</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="428" sha1="bb903kycju2j0se9ql7c5v0jdrj4tn9" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza Mayor, Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
[[Paypay:Torre de Algar, Casa Consistorial de Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
[[Paypay:Lavadero público, Algar de Palancia.jpg|thumb|Algar de Palancia]]
An '''Algar de Palancia''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>bb903kycju2j0se9ql7c5v0jdrj4tn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Algimia de Alfara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27413</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783370</id>
      <parentid>2079082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:48:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783370</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="312" sha1="mkcg5fc4p2tqg8sidu5zsiv8djp4edx" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Plaza de la Iglesia de Algimia de Alfara (Valencia).jpg|thumb|Algimia de Alfara]]
An '''Algimia de Alfara''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Algímia d'Alfara}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>mkcg5fc4p2tqg8sidu5zsiv8djp4edx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Almàssera</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783371</id>
      <parentid>4727540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:49:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783371</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="309" sha1="arlt0pw5a7cpii2yq8tudhhwut0mcs0" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Arquitectura modernista, casa Llopis en Almassera, provincia Valencia.jpg|thumb|Almàssera]]
An '''Almàssera''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Almàssera}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>arlt0pw5a7cpii2yq8tudhhwut0mcs0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emperador</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783372</id>
      <parentid>4757911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:51:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783372</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="346" sha1="i5xed4wc39n3qyrwooqnq3jylhsmv7k" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ermita de la Virgen del Rosario, municipio de Emperador, comarca Horta Nord, provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Emperador]]
An '''Emperador''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Emperador (Valencia)}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>i5xed4wc39n3qyrwooqnq3jylhsmv7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foios</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27506</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783373</id>
      <parentid>4759681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T20:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Juan Emilio Prades Bel</username>
        <id>28440</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" sha1="k5zw65u1nii5i9qn2nuuh3jb6we4qht" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Municipio de Foios, provincia de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Foios]]
An '''Foios''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Foios}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>k5zw65u1nii5i9qn2nuuh3jb6we4qht</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>La Pobla de Farnals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783374</id>
      <parentid>4772225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:28:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783374</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="297" sha1="5wfqiz8ex344r0wb0alda7kac2q9abh" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Municipio de la Puebla de Farnals, provincia de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|La Pobla de Farnals]]
An '''La Pobla de Farnals''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>5wfqiz8ex344r0wb0alda7kac2q9abh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>7783375</id>
      <parentid>7783374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:28:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="425" sha1="qanx3qoxm8vxbrqwuqn8duqceyb7o3b" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Municipio de la Puebla de Farnals, provincia de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|La Pobla de Farnals]]
[[Paypay:Iglesia parroquial de San José en la Puebla de Farnals, provincia de Valenci, España.jpg|thumb|La Pobla de Farnals]]
An '''La Pobla de Farnals''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>qanx3qoxm8vxbrqwuqn8duqceyb7o3b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Massalfassar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27554</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783376</id>
      <parentid>4779000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:29:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
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      <text bytes="303" sha1="4jok89m6pingb9dzby7ukb060ak4wx2" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Municipio de Massalfassar, provincia de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Massalfassar]]
An '''Massalfassar''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Massalfassar}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>4jok89m6pingb9dzby7ukb060ak4wx2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Massamagrell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27555</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783377</id>
      <parentid>4779002</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:30:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7783377</origin>
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      <text bytes="326" sha1="lk1xmpt3nc886roartx6gvognu90rb8" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Massamagrell, comarca Horta Nord, provincia de Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Massamagrell]]
An '''Massamagrell''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Massamagrell}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>lk1xmpt3nc886roartx6gvognu90rb8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Quartell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27598</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783378</id>
      <parentid>6237265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
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      <text bytes="324" sha1="q27w2acwt738cdo8ec26zf772i95mkx" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Quartell 12.JPG|250px|right]]
[[Paypay:Iglesia de Santa Ana, parroquia de Quartell (Valencia).jpg|thumb|Quartell]]
An '''Quartell''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Quartell}}

[[Category:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>q27w2acwt738cdo8ec26zf772i95mkx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rafelbunyol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783379</id>
      <parentid>2080024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:33:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
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      <origin>7783379</origin>
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      <text bytes="317" sha1="ml3os72mf0oot9ty3qvs2umthagch2k" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Sindicato Agrícola, municipio de Rafelbunyol, provincia Valencia, España.jpg|thumb|Rafelbunyol]]
An '''Rafelbunyol''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Rafelbunyol}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>ml3os72mf0oot9ty3qvs2umthagch2k</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Segart</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783380</id>
      <parentid>2080196</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:34:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31877-05</username>
        <id>67486</id>
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      <text bytes="260" sha1="6z7d3msn6vdby9uwaxcj3jn3dsn83u7" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Segart (Valencia).jpg|thumb|Segart]]
An '''Segart''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Probinsya han Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]].

{{Bungto ha Valencia}}
{{Stub}}
{{Commonscat|Segart}}

[[Category:Mga bungto ha Valencia]]</text>
      <sha1>6z7d3msn6vdby9uwaxcj3jn3dsn83u7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Angela Merkel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783450</id>
      <parentid>7783052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="8514" sha1="bmx5wjqra3wlystbd9t2x1uvpqo0shh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix=
|name          = Angela Merkel
|image         = Angela Merkel. Tallinn Digital Summit.jpg
|office        = [[Kansilyer han Alemanya]]
|president     = {{plainlist|
*[[Horst Köhler]]
*[[Christian Wulff]]
*[[Joachim Gauck]]
*[[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]]}}
|1blankname    = {{nowrap|Sugbong-Kansilyer}}
|1namedata     = {{plainlist|
*[[Franz Müntefering]]
*[[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]]
*[[Guido Westerwelle]]
*[[Philipp Rösler]]
*[[Sigmar Gabriel]]
*[[Olaf Scholz]]}}
|term_start    = 22 Nobyembre 2005
|term_end      =
|predecessor   = [[Gerhard Schröder]]
|successor     =
|office1       = [[Namuno han Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano]]
|1blankname1   = {{nowrap|Maghirilom nga Kasahiran}}
|1namedata1    = {{plainlist|
*[[Ruprecht Polenz]]
*[[Laurenz Meyer]]
*[[Volker Kauder]]
*[[Ronald Pofalla]]
*[[Hermann Gröhe]]
*[[Peter Tauber]]
*[[Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer]]&lt;!-- Numbering to elevate Sec Gen above Deputy Leader --&gt;}}
|deputy2       = {{plainlist|
*[[Volker Bouffier]]
*[[Christian Wulff]]
*[[Ursula von der Leyen]]
*[[Annette Schavan]]
*[[Julia Klöckner]]
*[[Norbert Röttgen]]
*[[Armin Laschet]]
*[[Thomas Strobl]]}}
|term_start1   = 10 Abril 2000
|term_end1     = 7 Disyembre 2018
|predecessor2  = [[Wolfgang Schäuble]]
|successor2    = [[Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer]]
|office3       = Namuno han [[CDU/CSU|CDU/CSU nga Grupo]] ha [[Bundestag]]
|deputy3       = [[Michael Glos]]
|term_start3   = 22 Septyembre 2002
|term_end3     = 21 Nobyembre 2005
|predecessor3  = [[Friedrich Merz]]
|successor3    = [[Volker Kauder]]
|office4       = Maghirilom nga Kasahiran han [[Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano han Alemanya|Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano]]
|leader4       = [[Wolfgang Schäuble]]
|term_start4   = 7 Nobyembre 1998
|term_end4     = 10 Abril 2000
|predecessor4  = [[Peter Hintze]]
|successor4    = [[Ruprecht Polenz]]
|office5       = [[Federal nga Ministro han Kalibongan, Pagkonserba han Kalibongan, Pagtukod ngan Safety hin Nuklear|Ministro para han Kalibongan, Pagkonserba han Kalibongan ngan Safety hin Nuklear]]
|chancellor5   = [[Helmut Kohl]]
|term_start5   = 17 Nobyembre 1994
|term_end5     = 26 Oktubre 1998
|predecessor5  = [[Klaus Töpfer]]
|successor5    = [[Jürgen Trittin]]
|office6       = [[Federal nga Ministro hin mga Butang hin Pamilya, Senyor nga mga Bungtohanon, Kababayin-an ngan Kabatan-on|Ministro para hin Kababayin-an ngan Kabatan-on]]
|chancellor6   = [[Helmut Kohl]]
|term_start6   = 18 Enero 1991
|term_end6     = 17 Nobyembre 1994
|predecessor6  = [[Ursula Lehr]]
|successor6    = [[Claudia Nolte]]
|office7       = Api han [[Bundestag]]
|term_start7   = 22 Septyembre 2013
|term_end7     =
|constituency7 = [[Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I]]
|successor7    =
|term_start8   = 18 Enero 1991
|term_end8     = 22 Septyembre 2013
|constituency8 = [[Stralsund – Nordvorpommern – Rügen (electoral nga distrito)|Stralsund – Nordvorpommern – Rügen]]
|birth_name    = Angela Dorothea Kasner
|birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1954|7|17|df=y}}
|birth_place   = [[Hamburg]], [[Katundan nga Alemanya]]
|death_date    =
|death_place   =
|party         = {{plainlist|
*[[Democratiko nga Pagmata]] (1989–1990)
*[[Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano = (Alemanya)|Unyon Demoratiko Kristyano]] (1990–present)}}
|spouse        = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Ulrich Merkel|1977|1982|end=divorced}}
*{{marriage|[[Joachim Sauer]]&lt;br /&gt;|1998|}}}}
|alma_mater    = {{plainlist|
*[[Unibersidad Leipzig]] ([[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]])
*[[Aleman nga Akademya hin mga Siyensya ha Berlin]] ([[Doktor hin Pilosopiya|Ph.D.]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0920/Angela-Merkel-her-bio-in-brief | title=Angela Merkel: Her bio in brief| journal=Christian Science Monitor| date=20 Septyembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|signature     = Angela Merkel Signature.svg
}}
Hi '''Angela Dorothea Merkel''' ({{IPA-de|aŋˈɡeːla ˈmɛɐ̯kl̩|lang}};{{efn| Ha Inaleman, ginluluwás an iya apelyido nga {{IPA-de|ˈmɛɐ̯kl̩|}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=[[Max Mangold|Mangold, Max]] |title=Duden, Aussprachewörterbuch |edition=6th | date = 1995 |publisher=Dudenverlag |language=de |isbn=978-3411209163 |page=548 |quote='''Merkel''' {{IPA|ˈmɛrkl̩}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1=Krech, Eva-Maria |editor2=Stock, Eberhard |editor3=Hirschfeld, Ursula |editor4=Anders, Lutz Christian |title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch |edition=1st |publisher=Walter de Gruyter | date = 2009 |isbn=978-3110182026 |page=739| quote='''Merkel''' {{IPA|mˈɛʶkl̩}}|display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mayda dirudilain nga mga paagi hin pagluwás han ngaran nga ''Angela'' ha Inaleman. An ''Duden Pronunciation Dictionary''&lt;ref name=&quot;Duden 6&quot;&gt;{{cite book |editor=Mangold, Max |title=Duden, Aussprachewörterbuch |edition=6th | date = 1995 |publisher=Dudenverlag |language=de |isbn=978-3411209163 |page=156 |quote='''Angela''' {{IPA|ˈaŋɡela}} ''auch:'' {{IPA|aŋˈɡeːla}}.&lt;!--no mention of ˈaŋɡəla --&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; naglilista hin {{IPA-de|ˈaŋɡela|}} ngan {{IPA-de|aŋˈɡeːla|}}. Sumalá han nagsurat han iya biyograpiya, hi Merkel nakaruyag han pagluwas nga diin an pagpakusog didâ han ikaduhá nga laton-tiringgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Langguth50&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Langguth |first=Gerd |title=Angela Merkel |url=https://archive.org/details/angelamerkel0000lang_a8v6 |publisher=dtv |location=Munich |language=de |isbn=3423244852 | date = 2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/angelamerkel0000lang_a8v6/page/50 50] |quote=Merkel wollte immer mit der Betonung auf dem 'e' Angela genannt werden. (Pirme karuyag ni Merkel nga igluwás an iya syahan nga ngaran nga an pagpakusog didâ han 'e'.)}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{IPA-de|aŋˈɡeːla|}} nga mayda halaba na {{IPA|/eː/}}).}} ''{{née}}'' '''Kasner'''; natawo 17 Hulyo 1954) usá nga Aleman nga politiko nga nag-aalagad nga [[Kansilyer han Alemanya|Kansilyer]] han [[Alemanya]] tikang han 2005. Nag-alagad hiyá nga namuno han butnga-tuo nga [[Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano han Alemanya|Unyon Demokratiko Kristyano]] (UDK) tikang 2000 kutob 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2017/09/2017-09-25-nach-der-bundestagswahl.html Nagpapadayon an kagamhanan nga akting nga kagamhanan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115133211/https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2017/09/2017-09-25-nach-der-bundestagswahl.html |date=2017-11-15 }}, bundeskanzlerin.de, 24 Oktubre 2017&lt;/ref&gt; Damo an nagsiring nga hi Merkel amo an ''[[de facto]]'' nga namumuno han [[Unyon Europea]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; an pinakagamhanan nga babaye ha kalibotan,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women// |title=The World's Most Powerful Women 2018 |website=Forbes |language=en |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2018 |archive-date=2019-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918064215/https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngan hin damo nga mga komentarista nga namumuno han [[Gawasnon nga Kalibotan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/merkel-from-austerity-queen-to-leader-of-free-world/ |title=Merkel: From austerity queen to ‘leader of free world’ |last=AFP |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://nordic.businessinsider.com/merkel-is-stepping-back-experts-warn-the-coming-storm-is-powerful-2018-10/ |title=German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the newly christened 'leader of the free world,' is preparing to step back from politics — and experts say 'the coming storm is ... quite powerful'|date=29 Oktubre 2018|website=nordic.businessinsider.com|accessdate=30 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/europe/merkel-career-intl/index.html |title=For years, Angela Merkel saw off all challengers. Now, she's preparing to step aside |last=Clarke |first=Hilary |date=30 Oktubre 2018 |work=CNN |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/5a61606ff1f84923b0ebed4015f62550 |title=Merkel won't seek a 5th term as German chancellor |last=Moulson |first=Geir |last2=Rising |first2=David |date=29 Oktubre 2018 |website=AP NEWS |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Discuss on talk before changing the preceding sentence.--&gt;

==Mga tigaman==
{{notelist}}

==Mga kasarigan==
{{reflist}}

{{turok}}

{{Mga kasarigan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Commons category}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Merkel, Angela}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1954]]
[[Kaarangay:Alemanya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maluya nga pahilabotay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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An '''maluya nga pahilabotay''' in usa ha mga panguna nga paglalabotay han kinaiya han kalibongan, kalakip an [[makusog nga pahilabotay]], [[electromagnetismo]] ngan [[hulog-bug-at]].

===Kasahiran nga barasahon===
*{{Cite book
 |author=R. Oerter
 |year=2006
 |title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics
 |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryofalmostev0000oert_s1g7
 |publisher=[[Plume (publisher)|Plume]]
 |isbn=978-0-13-236678-6
}}
*{{Cite book
 |author=B.A. Schumm
 |year=2004
 |title=Deep Down Things: The Breathtaking Beauty of Particle Physics
 |url=https://archive.org/details/deepdownthingsbr00schu
 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]
 |isbn=0-8018-7971-X
}}

===Mga teksto===
*{{Cite book
 | author=D.A. Bromley
 | year=2000
 | title=Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions
 | publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]]
 | isbn=3-540-67672-4
}}
*{{Cite book
 |author=G.D. Coughlan, J.E. Dodd, B.M. Gripaios
 |year=2006
 |title=The Ideas of Particle Physics: An Introduction for Scientists
 |url=https://archive.org/details/ideasofparticlep0000coug_q6u9
 |edition=3rd
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |isbn=978-0-521-67775-2
}}
*{{Cite book
 | author1=W. N. Cottingham
 | author2=D. A. Greenwood
 | title=An introduction to nuclear physics
 | publisher=Cambridge University Press
 | origyear=1986
 | year=2001
 | edition=2nd
 | page=30
 | isbn=978-0-521-65733-4
 | url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0VIpJPn-qWoC&amp;pg=PA30
}}
*{{Cite book
 | author=D.J. Griffiths
 | year=1987
 | title=Introduction to Elementary Particles
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4
 | publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]
 | isbn=0-471-60386-4
}}
*{{Cite book
 | author=G.L. Kane
 | year=1987
 | title=Modern Elementary Particle Physics
 | url=https://archive.org/details/modernelementary0000kane_h0l3
 | publisher=[[Perseus Books]]
 | isbn=0-201-11749-5
}}
*{{Cite book
 | author=D.H. Perkins
 | year=2000
 | title=Introduction to High Energy Physics
 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 | isbn=0-521-62196-8
}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pitagorasnon nga teyorema</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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Ha matematika, an '''Pitagorasnon nga teyorema''' in uska relasyon ha Heyometriya Euclideanon ha tulo nga ligid han uska trayanggulo rectanggulo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bell |first=John L. |url=http://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/ |title=The Art of the Intelligible: An Elementary Survey of Mathematics in its Conceptual Development |publisher=Kluwer |year=1999 |isbn=0-7923-5972-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Euclid |title= The Elements (3 vols.) |editor=Translated by Johan Ludvig Heiberg with an introduction and commentary by Sir Thomas L. Heath|publisher=Dover |edition=Reprint of 1908 |year= 1956 |volume= Vol. 1 (Books I and II)|isbn= 0-486-60088-2|ref=harv}} On-line text at [http://books.google.com/books?id=UhgPAAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Euclid]
*{{cite book |title=A History of Greek Mathematics (2 Vols.)|last=Heath |first=Sir Thomas |publisher= Clarendon Press, Oxford |url=http://books.google.com/?id=h4JsAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 |page=144 ''ff'' |chapter=The 'Theorem of Pythagoras' |year=1921 |edition= Dover Publications, Inc. (1981) |isbn= 0-486-24073-8|ref=harv}}
&lt;!-- * {{Cite book |last= Kaplan|first=Robert and Ellen| title=Hidden Harmonies: The Lives and Times of the Pythagorean Theorem |location=New York, NY |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |url=http://www.bloomsburypress.com/books/catalog/hidden_harmonies_hc_220 |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-59691-522-0|ref=harv }} --&gt;
*{{cite book |title=Euclidean and transformational geometry: a deductive inquiry |last=Libeskind |first=Shlomo |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6YUUeO-RjU0C&amp;pg=PA41 |isbn=0-7637-4366-6 |year=2008 |publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|ref=harv}} This high-school geometry text covers many of the topics in this WP article.
* {{Cite book |last=Loomis |first=Elisha Scott |title=The Pythagorean proposition|url=https://archive.org/details/pythagoreanpropo0000loom_b2m3 |edition= 2nd |publisher= The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-87353-036-1|ref=harv}} For full text of 2nd edition of 1940, see {{cite web|url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED037335.pdf|author=Elisha Scott Loomis |title=The Pythagorean proposition: its demonstrations analyzed and classified, and bibliography of sources for data of the four kinds of proofs |accessdate=2010-05-04 |work=[[Education Resources Information Center]] |publisher=[[Institute of Education Sciences]] (IES) of the [[U.S. Department of Education]] }} Originally published in 1940 and reprinted in 1968 by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, isbn=0-87353-036-5.
* {{Cite book |last= Maor |first=Eli |title=The Pythagorean Theorem: A 4,000-Year History |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Z5VoBGy3AoAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;q |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-691-12526-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stillwell |first=John |title=Mathematics and Its History |url=https://archive.org/details/mathematicsitshi0000stil_j0w9 |publisher= Springer-Verlag |year=1989 |isbn=0-387-96981-0|ref=harv}} Also ISBN 3-540-96981-0.
*{{Cite book |last=Swetz |first= Frank |last2=Kao, T. I. |title=Was Pythagoras Chinese?: An Examination of Right Triangle Theory in Ancient China |url=https://archive.org/details/waspythagoraschi0000swet_q7n6 |publisher= Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1977 |isbn= 0-271-01238-2 |ref=harv }}
*{{Cite book |last=van der Waerden |first=Bartel Leendert |title=Geometry and Algebra in Ancient Civilizations |publisher=Springer |year=1983 |isbn=3-540-12159-5 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=_vPuAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Pythagorean+triples%22++%22Babylonian+scribes%22+inauthor:van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Waerden&amp;dq=%22Pythagorean+triples%22++%22Babylonian+scribes%22+inauthor:van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Waerden&amp;cd=1 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/pythagoras/index.shtml Pythagorean Theorem] (more than 70 proofs from [[cut-the-knot]])
* Interactive links:
** [http://www.sunsite.ubc.ca/LivingMathematics/V001N01/UBCExamples/Pythagoras/pythagoras.html Interactive proof] in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] of The Pythagorean Theorem
** [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/pythagoras/Perigal.shtml Another interactive proof] in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] of The Pythagorean Theorem
** [http://www.mathopenref.com/pythagorastheorem.html Pythagorean theorem] with interactive animation
** [http://math.ucr.edu/~jdp/Relativity/Pythagorus.html Animated, Non-Algebraic, and User-Paced] Pythagorean Theorem
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PrintHT/Babylonian_Pythagoras.html History topic: Pythagoras's theorem in Babylonian mathematics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606082111/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PrintHT/Babylonian_Pythagoras.html |date=2011-06-06 }}
* {{springer|title=Pythagorean theorem|id=p/p075940}}
* {{MathWorld|title=Pythagorean theorem|urlname=PythagoreanTheorem}}
*{{cite book
 | last = Euclid
 | title = Elements
 | origyear = c. 300 BC
 | url = http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/toc.html
 | accessdate = 2006-08-30
 | year = David E. Joyce, ed. 1997
 }} In HTML with Java-based interactive figures.

[[Kaarangay:Anggulo]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga trayanggulo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Trimurti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150926</id>
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      <text bytes="2982" sha1="ay0phel1mmcgo37uq6i0urrkjq0ojaa" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Trimurti ellora.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Trimurti]]
[[Paypay:Brahma Vishnu Mahesh.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Trimurti]]
[[Paypay:Halebid3.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Trimurti]]

An '''Trimurti''' in usa nga konsepto ha Hinduismo kun diin an cosmic function han paghimo, pagmintinar ngan pagruba in ginpersonifica pinaagi ha [[Brahmā]] nga maghirimo, [[Vishnu]] nga magmirintinar o magprereservar ngan [[Shiva]] an magguruba.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga pagkukuhaan==
*{{cite book|last=Basham|first=A. L.|title=The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before The Coming of the Muslims|url=https://archive.org/details/wonderthatwasind0000alba_i6v2|publisher=Grove Press, Inc.,|location=New York|year=1954}}
*{{cite book |last=Courtright |first=Paul B. |authorlink= |coauthors= |title={{IAST|Gaṇeśa}}: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings |year=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-505742-2 }}
*{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo_n5j0 |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 0-521-43878-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin (Editor)|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism|year=2003 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd.|location=Malden, MA|isbn=1-4051-3251-5 }}
*{{cite book |series=SUNY Series in Religious Studies |last=Grimes |first=John A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Ganapati: Song of the Self |url=https://archive.org/details/ganapatisongofse0000grim |year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=0-7914-2440-5 }}
*{{cite book |last=Jansen |first=Eva Rudy|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Book of Hindu Imagery|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofhinduimage00unse |year=2003 |publisher=Binkey Kok Publications BV|location=Havelte, Holland|isbn=90-74597-07-6 }} Eighth printing; First published 1993.
*{{cite book |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Sarvepalli (Editorial Chairman)|authorlink=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |coauthors= |title=The Cultural Heritage of India |year=1956 |publisher=The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture |location=Calcutta |isbn= }} Second edition, four volumes, revised and enlarged, 1956 (volume IV).
*{{cite book |series= |last=Winternitz |first=Maurice |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=History of Indian Literature |year=1972 |publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corporation |location=New Delhi |isbn= }} Second revised reprint edition. Two volumes. First published 1927 by the University of Calcutta.
*{{cite book |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization  |url=https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinin00zimm |year=1972 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=0-691-01778-6 }}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* {{commons category inline|Trimurti}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josip Broz Tito</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="15670" sha1="lkfo2wfmu266tm8repp5kmwdzgu61uk" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Tito drzi govor2 (retouched).jpg|thumb|200px|Tito 1965]]

Hi '''Josip Broz''' ({{Cyrl|Јосип Броз}}, {{IPA-sh|jǒsip brôːz|pron}}; 7 Mayo 1892 – 4 Mayo 1980), nga agsob nga tinatawag nga '''Tito''' (&lt;small&gt;pagluwás ha Ininglis&lt;/small&gt;{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|iː|t|oʊ}};&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/tito &quot;Tito&quot;]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; {{Cyrl|Тито}}, {{IPA-sh|tîto|pron}}), usá nga Yugoslav nga [[Komunismo|komunista]] nga [[rebolusyonaryo]] ngan tawo hin estado, nga nag-alagad ha dirudilain nga mga papel tikang han 1943 kutob han iya kamatay han 1980.&lt;ref name=britannica&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/597295/Josip-Broz-Tito|title=Josip Broz Tito|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=27 Abril 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dida han [[Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan]], hiyá an namuno han [[Yugoslav nga mga Partisan|mga Partisan]], nga agsob nga kinikita nga amo an pinaka-epektibo nga [[pangiwa hin resistensya]] ha [[Europa nga gin-okupa han mga Aleman|gin-okupa nga Europa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JJR2013_OxfordPress&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|title=In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gK7e8LpXvcC&amp;pg=PA87|date=13 Hunyo 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-958097-2|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisan man kun an iya pagmangulo ginkikita nga [[awtoritaryano]]&lt;ref name=Andjelic&gt;{{Cite book|last=Andjelic|first=Neven|title=Bosnia-Herzegovina: The End of a Legacy|publisher=Frank Cass| date = 2003|page=36|isbn=978-0-7146-5485-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|McGoldrick|2000|p=17}} ngan mga concern mahitungod han pag-repremir han mga kabangga ha politika ginpahayag, hi Tito ginkikita hin minat-an nga usá nga [[benevolente nga diktador]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Shapiro|first1=Susan|last2=Shapiro|first2=Ronald|title=The Curtain Rises: Oral Histories of the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe|publisher=McFarland| date = 2004|isbn=978-0-7864-1672-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCqWFQ1WKlkC&amp;pg=PA180|ref=Shapiro_2004}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;...Tanan nga mga Yugoslav mayda mga kahigayonan hin edukasyon,  mga trabaho, pagkaon, ngan pagbalayan bisan kun ano man an ira nasyonalidad. Hi Tito, nga ginkikita han kadam-an nga usá nga benevolente nga diktador, nagdara hin mamurayaw nga co-existensya ha Balkan nga rehiyon, usá nga rehiyon nga ha kaagi ginkikila nga lugar hin faksyonalismo.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga tigaman==
{{Mga kasarigan|group=lower-alpha}}

==Mga footnote==
{{Mga kasarigan|20em|refs=

&lt;ref name=&quot;springer&quot;&gt;{{Cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1550) Tito
  |url      = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmino0000schm_k0v7
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  |page       = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmino0000schm_k0v7/page/122 123]
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1551 |chapter       = (1550) Tito }}&lt;/ref&gt;

}} &lt;!-- end of reflist --&gt;

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}
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  | title = Tito: A Biography
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  | date = 1970
  | location = New York, New York
  | publisher = McGraw-Hill
  | oclc = 100536
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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  | isbn = 978-1-904950-31-8
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | title=  'I'm not religious, but Tito is a God': Tito, Kumrovec, and the New Pilgrims 
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  | work= Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World: New Itineraries into the Sacred 
  | editor=  Peter Jan Margry
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  | isbn= 978-90-485-0224-0
}}
* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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  | location = New York, New York
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  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Josef
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  | publisher = The University of Denver Press
  | location = Denver, Colorado
  | url = https://archive.org/details/titoscommunism00korb
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Vladimir
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  | publisher = Simon and Schuster
  | location = New York, New York
  | isbn = 978-0-405-04565-3
  | ref = harv
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* {{Cite book
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  | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicolson
  | location = London, England
  | ref = refDedijer1953
  }}
* {{Cite journal|ref=harv|last=Dimić|first=Ljubodrag|authorlink=Ljubodrag Dimić|title=Tito and Krushchev 1953-1956: Coming together, reconciliation, disappointment|journal=Journal of Central and East European Studies| date = 2003|volume=5|issue=2|pages=423–456}}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last=Dimić|first=Ljubodrag|authorlink=Ljubodrag Dimić|chapter=Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav policy and the formation of the concept of European security, 1968-1975|title=From Helsinki to Belgrade: the First CSCE follow-up meeting and the crisis of détente| date = 2012|location=Bonn|publisher=Bonn University Press|pages=59–81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vo-iCMAqjIsC|isbn=9783899719383}}
* {{Cite journal|ref=harv|last=Dimić|first=Ljubodrag|authorlink=Ljubodrag Dimić|title=Yugoslavia and Security in Europe during the 1960s (Views, Attitudes, Initiatives)|journal=Токови историје| date = 2016|issue=3|pages=9–42|url=http://tokovi.istorije.rs/cir/uploaded/3%202016/Dimic%20(1).pdf}}
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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* {{Cite book
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  }}
*{{Cite journal
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  | first= Johanna
  | title= Hungary, 1956: The Yugoslav Connection
  | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_europe-asia-studies_1998-05_50_3/page/493
  | journal= Europe-Asia Studies
  | volume= 50
  | issue= 3
  | date= Mayo 1998
  | pages= 493–505
}}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Rhodri
  | title = In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3gK7e8LpXvcC
  | date = 2013
  | publisher = OUP Oxford
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  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first1 = Ivan
  | last2 = Jeličić
  | first2 = Matej
  | last3 = Škunca
  | first3 = Ivan
  | title = Stvaranje Titove Jugoslavije
  | trans-title = The Creation of Tito's Yugoslavia
  | language = Serbo-Croatian
  | date = 1988
  | location = Opatija, Yugoslavia
  | publisher = Otokar Keršovani
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  | ref = refKocon1988
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | date = 1976
  | isbn = 978-1-4128-2488-0
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* {{Cite book
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  | date = 1993
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* {{Cite book
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  | publisher = Pennsylvania State University Press
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  | ref = refLees1993
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Fitzroy
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  | date = 1957
  | publisher = Harper &amp; Bro; Library of Congress No 57-6130
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* {{Cite book
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  | title = No More: The Battle Against Human Rights Violations
  | date = 1994
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  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
  | last = McGoldrick
  | first = Dominic
  | editor = Stephen Tierney
  | title = Accommodating National Identity: New Approaches in International and Domestic Law
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  | date = 2000
  | publisher = Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
  | isbn = 978-90-411-1400-6
  | chapter = Accommodating National Identity in National Law and International Law
  | ref = harv
  }}
*{{Cite journal
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  | issue= 1
  | date= Spring 2010
  | pages= 151–166
}}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = James
  | title = Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
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  | date = 1998
  | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
  | location = Westport, Connecticut
  | isbn = 978-0-313-30610-5
  | ref = harv
  }}
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''The improbable survivor: Yugoslavia and its problems, 1918-1988'' (1988). [https://archive.org/details/improbablesurviv0000pavl  online free to borrow]
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''Tito--Yugoslavia's great dictator : a reassessment'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/titoyugoslaviasg00pavl  online free to borrow]
* Pavlowitch, Steven. ''Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia'' (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-New-Disorder-Yugoslavia-Columbia/dp/0231700504/  excerpt and text search]
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Sabrina Petra
  | authorlink = Sabrina Petra Ramet
  | date = 2006
  | title = The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005
  | publisher = Indiana University Press
  | location = Bloomington, Indiana
  | isbn = 978-0-253-34656-8
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
  | last=Ridley
  | first =Jasper
  | title = Tito: A Biography
  | date = 1994
  | publisher = Constable and Company
  | location = London, England
  | isbn = 978-0-09-475610-6
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
  | last = Roberts
  | first = Walter R.
  | author-link = Walter Roberts (writer)
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  | title = Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945
  | publisher = Duke University Press
  | location = New Brunswick, New Jersey
  | isbn = 978-0-8223-0773-0
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC
  | ref = refRobert1987
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Geoffrey
  | title = Tito: A Biography
  | date = 2010
  | publisher = I.B. Tauris
  | location = London, England
  | isbn = 978-1-84511-727-6
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BFgBAwAAQBAJ
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
  | last = Sherwood
  | first = Timothy H.
  | title = The Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in the Age of Extremes
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LcodAAAAQBAJ
  | date = 2013
  | publisher = Lexington Books
  | isbn = 978-0-7391-7431-9
  | ref = refSherwood2013
  }}
* {{Cite book |last=Tomasevich |first=Jozo |last2=Vucinich |first2=Wayne S. |title=Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci | date = 1969 |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{Cite book
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  | authorlink = Jozo Tomasevich
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  | title = War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks
  | publisher = Stanford University Press
  | location = Stanford, California
  | isbn = 978-0-8047-0857-9
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ
  | ref = refTomasevich1975
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | first = Jozo
  | date = 2001
  | title = War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration
  | publisher = Stanford University Press
  | location = Stanford, California
  | isbn = 978-0-8047-3615-2
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC
  | ref = refTomasevich2001
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | title = A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/legalgeographyof0000trbo
  | date = 2008
  | publisher = Oxford University Press
  | location = Oxford, England
  | isbn = 978-0-19-533343-5
  | ref = harv
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* {{Cite book
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  | first = Vilko
  | title = In the Path of Tito...
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  | publisher = Abacus Press
  | location = Tunbridge Wells, England
  | isbn = 978-0-85626-011-7
  | ref = harv
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* {{Cite book
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  | first = Wayne S.
  | date = 1969
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  | chapter = Interwar Yugoslavia
  | publisher = University of California Press
  | location = [[Berkeley, California]]
  | oclc = 652337606
  | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a--6hauBIb4C
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{Cite book
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  | title = Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia
  | url = https://archive.org/details/titorisefallofyu00rich
  | date = 1995
  | publisher = Carroll &amp; Graf
  | location = New York, New York
  | isbn =978-0-7867-0191-9
  | ref = harv
}}
{{refend}}


{{Turók}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tito, Josip Broz}}
[[Kaarangay:Josip Broz Tito| ]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1892]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>lkfo2wfmu266tm8repp5kmwdzgu61uk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kriminolohiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1044" sha1="2sbajv9er4d7esb7g0jsgnkb7a6mjvi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pentonvilleiso19.jpg|thumb]]

Iton '''kriminolohiya''' an sayantipiko nga pag-aram han kinaiya, katubtuban, pagdumara, mga kawsa, pagkontrol, konsekwensya, ngan pagpugong han kriminal nga buhaton, ha indibiduwal ngan sosyal nga lebel. Ini in usa ka interdisiplinaryo nga larangan ha mga sensya behavioral ngan sosyal, nga nagkukuha hin pag-aram labi na ha mga panhalikwat hin hibaro tikang ha mga sosyolohista, psychologist, filosopo, psychiatrist, antropolohista pan-sosyudad, ngan lakip liwat an mga iskolar hin balaud.

An pulong nga criminologia in syahan nga gingamit han Italyano nga propesor ha balaud na hi Raffaele Garofalo. Kahuman, an Franses nga antropolohista na hi Paul Topinard in gingamit liwat an kapareho nga pulong ha Franses nga criminologie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Sociological Theory and Criminological Research: Views from Europe and the United States |page=279 |editor=Deflem, Mathieu |isbn=0-7623-1322-6 |year=2006 |publisher=Elsevier}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

{{turok}}

[[kaarangay:Kriminolohiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Biyodibersidad</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="9950" sha1="iatyaebt1jjzcatn1in1btjioepagjh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Blue_Linckia_Starfish.JPG|thumb]]
Iton '''biyodibersidad''' in kadamo han pagkadirudilain nga porma hit kinabuhi ha sulod han uska species, ekosistema, biome, o an bug-os nga kalibutan.  Iton biyodibersidad in sukol han kahimsogan han mga ekosistema.  Iton biodibersidad in bahin han function han klima.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Levin
| first = S
| title = Encyclopedia of Biodiversity
| publisher = Elsevier Academic Press
| isbn = 9780123847195
| location = San Diego
| date = 
}}
* Leveque, C. &amp; J. Mounolou (2003) ''Biodiversity''. New York: John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-84957-6
* [[Margulis, L.]], Dolan, Delisle, K., Lyons, C. ''Diversity of Life: The Illustrated Guide to the Five Kingdoms''. Sudbury: [[Jones &amp; Bartlett Publishers]]. ISBN 0-7637-0862-3
* {{cite doi|10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.002}}
* {{cite doi|10.1007/s00477-008-0254-2}}
* Novacek, M. J. (ed.) (2001) ''The Biodiversity Crisis: Losing What Counts''. New York: [[American Museum of Natural History]] Books. ISBN 1-56584-570-6
* [http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/178462/index.en.shtml D+C-Interview with Achim Steiner, UNEP: &quot;Our generation's responsibility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101153304/http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/178462/index.en.shtml |date=2011-01-01 }}
* {{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127}}
* {{cite doi|10.1146/annurev-environ-042911-093511}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wiktionary|biodiversity}}
{{commons category|Biodiversity}}
*[http://www.cwrdiversity.org/ Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: CWR Global Portal]
* [http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/wildlife-habitat/science/endangered-species-legislation/protecting-biodiversity/index.php A collection of articles from] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803201759/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/wildlife-habitat/science/endangered-species-legislation/protecting-biodiversity/index.php |date=2011-08-03 }} the [[David Suzuki Foundation]] on Protecting Biodiversity
*[http://knol.google.com/k/how-many-species-on-earth# How many species on Earth?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011134425/http://knol.google.com/k/how-many-species-on-earth |date=2011-10-11 }}
*[http://www.ecnc.org/ ECNC-European Centre for Nature Conservation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425203559/http://www.ecnc.org/ |date=2019-04-25 }}
*[http://www.wild.org/wild-and-cemex The WILD Foundation and CEMEX Collaborate on International Wilderness and Biodiversity Conservation in Mexico] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616081123/http://www.wild.org/wild-and-cemex/ |date=2011-06-16 }}
*[http://www.cohabnet.org/ COHAB Initiative: The importance of biodiversity to human health and well-being] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204054347/http://www.cohabnet.org/ |date=2009-02-04 }}
*[http://natureserve.org/getData/index.jsp NatureServe: This site serves as a portal for accessing several types of publicly available biodiversity data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517214606/http://www.natureserve.org/getData/index.jsp |date=2010-05-17 }}
*[http://www.vifabio.de/iyb2010/?lang=en Internet sources about biodiversity (presented for the International Year of Biodiversity 2010 by vifabio)]
*[http://www.canine-genetics.com/Default.htm The Canine Diversity Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404162839/http://www.canine-genetics.com/Default.htm |date=2010-04-04 }}
*[http://www.agroscope.admin.ch/biodiversitaet/index.html?lang=en Biodiversity research in agriculture, Swiss Agricultural Research Station Agroscope] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112135215/http://www.agroscope.admin.ch/biodiversitaet/index.html?lang=en |date=2015-01-12 }}
*[http://www.livediverse.eu/ LiveDiverse project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220153533/http://www.livediverse.eu/ |date=2014-12-20 }}
*[http://www.bgci.org/ourwork/introduction/ About Biodiversity, Human Well-being &amp; Botanic Gardens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308124034/http://www.bgci.org/ourwork/introduction/ |date=2015-03-08 }}, [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]]
*[http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Dec10/BiodiversityHealth.html Study: Loss of species is bad for your health]
*[http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS09-08.pdf Biodiversity Factsheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426140841/http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS09-08.pdf |date=2012-04-26 }} by the [[University of Michigan]]'s [http://css.snre.umich.edu/ Center for Sustainable Systems]
*[http://savingspecies.org/2012/stunning-new-biodiversity-maps-show-where-to-prioritize-conservation/ Color-coded images of vertebrate biodiversity hotspots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926034031/http://savingspecies.org/2012/stunning-new-biodiversity-maps-show-where-to-prioritize-conservation/ |date=2012-09-26 }}

===Mga dokumento===
* [http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf Biodiversity Synthesis Report] (PDF) by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA, 2005)
* [http://www.cbd.int/convention/text/ Convention on Biological Diversity] Text of the Convention
* [http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/Documents/cihotspotmap.pdf Conservation International hotspot map]
* Waylen, K. 2006. [http://www.bgci.org/files/Worldwide/Wellbeing/Presspack/wellbeing.pdf Botanic Gardens: Using biodiversity to improve human well-being] [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] (BGCI)
* [http://www.iadb.org/Biodiversity/] Wild Wealth: A documentary about Biodiversity by National Geographic and the Inter-American Development Bank

===Mga video===
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=Oi2uZ4-AkrA&amp;list=PLJEjgXhD0rY8GsOM3wV7phJSxXphg1j2z Introduction to Biodiversity - Information Video for Citizens - World Wide Views on Biodiversity 2012]
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=8ribNaPhdvw&amp;list=PLJEjgXhD0rY8GsOM3wV7phJSxXphg1j2z&amp;index=2 Biodiversity on Land - Information Video for Citizens - World Wide Views on Biodiversity 2012]
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=pbYZC_kXpOY&amp;list=PLJEjgXhD0rY8GsOM3wV7phJSxXphg1j2z&amp;index=3 Biodiversity in the Sea - Information Video for Citizens - World Wide Views on Biodiversity 2012]
* [https://youtube.com/watch?v=gZORekz0Phs&amp;list=PLJEjgXhD0rY8GsOM3wV7phJSxXphg1j2z&amp;index=4 Biodiversity - Burden and Benefit Sharing - Information Video for Citizens - World Wide Views on Biodiversity 2012]

===Mga higamit===
* [http://www.globio.info/ GLOBIO], an ongoing programme to map the past, current and future impacts of human activities on biodiversity
* [http://stort.unep-wcmc.org/imaps/gb2002/book/viewer.htm World Map of Biodiversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050825002841/http://stort.unep-wcmc.org/imaps/gb2002/book/viewer.htm |date=2005-08-25 }} an interactive map from the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] [[World Conservation Monitoring Centre]]
* [http://bison.usgs.ornl.gov/ Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212010119/http://bison.usgs.ornl.gov/ |date=2015-02-12 }}, provides a United States gateway for serving, searching, mapping, and downloading integrated species occurrence records from multiple data sources

===Mga panutdo nga materyales===
* {{cite book
| author= Scheldeman, X. &amp; van Zonneveld, M.
|year=2010
|title= Training Manual on Spatial Analysis of Plant Diversity and Distribution
|publisher= [[Bioversity International]]
|url= http://www.bioversityinternational.org/training/training_materials/gis_manual.html}}

===Mga pagkukuhaan===
* [http://www.iadb.org/Biodiversity Wild Wealth: A documentary about Biodiversity by National Geographic and the Inter-American Development Bank]
* [http://www.amibio-project.eu/ Automatic acoustic Monitoring and Inventorying of BIOdiversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031101452/http://www.amibio-project.eu/ |date=2012-10-31 }}
* [http://www.biodiversitygroup.org/ The Biodiversity Group: An international citizen-science group]
* [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] – Open access digital library of taxonomic literature
* [http://www.ejsociety.org/ The Edwin James Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201041421/http://www.ejsociety.org/ |date=2015-02-01 }} – Developing approaches to model the ecosphere within the context of bio-invasion, community structure and alpha diversity
* [http://www.biodiversitymapping.org/ Mapping of biodiversity]
* [http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/ Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828012651/http://www.bioaltai-sayan.ru/ |date=2009-08-28 }}
* {{dmoz|Science/Environment/Biodiversity}}
* [http://www.eol.org/ Encyclopedia of Life ] – Documenting all species of life on earth
* [http://tolweb.org/ Tree of Life ] – Relationships and characteristics of all life on earth
* [http://www.searchnbn.net/ National Biodiversity Network Gateway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024011330/https://www.searchnbn.net/ |date=2020-10-24 }}
* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/diversity.html Stanford Microdocs – Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411180702/http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/diversity.html |date=2009-04-11 }}
* [http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=ecosystems&amp;file=users/business/species/ Economics of Species protection &amp; Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731170948/http://www.economics.noaa.gov/?goal=ecosystems&amp;file=users%2Fbusiness%2Fspecies%2F |date=2011-07-31 }} [[NOAA]] Economics
* [http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&amp;gid=3667510 Biodiversity Professionals LinkedIn group]
* [http://www.biodiversityassociation.org/?lang=en World Biodiversity Association]

[[Kaarangay:Biyodibersidad]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Reptilia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>167191</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783392</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:28:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4884" sha1="5e60dckcoyoyarx5nq7cpdn2v5hd0ld" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Chordata|date=2013-02}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = Reptilia
| status             = 
| image              = 
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Animalia]]
| phylum             = [[Chordata]]
| classis            = '''Reptilia'''
| ordo               = 
| familia            = 
| genus              = 
| species            = 
| binomial           = Reptilia
| binomial_authority = 
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| synonyms           = 
}}
[[File:Reptile003d.jpg|thumb]]
'''Reptilia''' (''Reptilia'')&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; in uska [[classis]] han [[Chordata]]. An Reptilia in nahilalakip ha [[phylum]] nga [[chordata ()|Chordata]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; An [[classis]] nga Reptilia in naglalakip hin 8656 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;.

An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;:

{{Clade
| label1 = [[chordata ()|Chordata]]&amp;nbsp;
| 1={{Clade
| label1 = '''&amp;nbsp;reptilia&amp;nbsp;'''
| 1={{Clade
 | 1=''[[Crocodylia]]'' - buaya
 | 2=''[[Rhynchocephalia]]'' - ''tuatara''
 | 3=''[[Squamata]]'' - [[halas]], manlalayug, [[tabili]], ibid, halo, [[pinit]], [[tuko]]
 | 4=''[[Testudines]]'' - [[kumaw]], [[pawikan]]
 }}
| 2=[[Actinopterygii]]
| 3=[[Amphibia]]
| 4=[[Appendicularia]]
| 5=[[Ascidiacea]]
| 6=[[Aves]]
| 7=[[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
| 8=[[Cephalochordata]]
| 9=[[Elasmobranchii]]
| 10=[[Holocephali]]
| 11=[[Mammalia]]
| 12=[[Myxini]]
| 13=[[Sarcopterygii]]
| 14=[[Thaliacea]]
}}
}}

==Pinanbasaran==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/reptilia/match/1|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;
{{Reflist}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
* {{cite book|last=Colbert|first=Edwin H.|authorlink=Edwin Harris Colbert|title=Evolution of the Vertebrates|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionofverte00colb|edition=2nd|publisher=John Wiley and Sons Inc.|location=New York| date = 1969|isbn=0-471-16466-6|series=}}
* {{cite journal | last=Klein | first=Wilfied |author2=Abe, Augusto |author3=Andrade, Denis |author4= Perry, Steven  | title=Structure of the posthepatic septum and its influence on visceral topology in the tegu lizard, ''Tupinambis merianae'' (Teidae: Reptilia) | journal=Journal of Morphology | volume=258 | issue=2 | date = 2003 | pages=151–157 | doi=10.1002/jmor.10136 | pmid=14518009}}
* {{cite journal | last=Landberg | first=Tobias |author2=Mailhot, Jeffrey |author3=Brainerd, Elizabeth | title=Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle, ''Terrapene carolina'' | journal=Journal of Experimental Biology | volume=206 | issue=19 | date = 2003 | pages=3391–3404| doi=10.1242/jeb.00553| pmid=12939371}}
* Laurin, Michel and Gauthier, Jacques A.: [http://tolweb.org/Diapsida/14866/2000.06.22 Diapsida. Lizards, ''Sphenodon'', crocodylians, birds, and their extinct relatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505132652/http://tolweb.org/Diapsida/14866/2000.06.22 |date=2013-05-05 }}, Version 22 Hunyo 2000; part of [http://tolweb.org/ The Tree of Life Web Project]
* {{cite book | last=Orenstein | first=Ronald | title=Turtles, Tortoises &amp; Terrapins: Survivors in Armor | url=https://archive.org/details/turtlestortoises0000oren | publisher=Firefly Books | date = 2001 | isbn=1-55209-605-X}}
* {{cite book | last=Pianka | first=Eric |author2=Vitt, Laurie  | title=Lizards Windows to the Evolution of Diversity | publisher=University of California Press | date = 2003 | isbn=0-520-23401-4 | pages=116–118}}
* {{cite book | last=Pough | first=Harvey |author2=Janis, Christine |author3=Heiser, John  | title=Vertebrate Life| url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratelife0000poug | publisher= Pearson Prentice Hall | date = 2005 | isbn=0-13-145310-6 }}
&lt;/div&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Reptilia}}
* {{Wikibooks-inline|Dichotomous Key|Reptilia}}
* [http://www.whozoo.org/herps/herpphylogeny.html Reptile Phylogeny]
* [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23742 Reptile images]
* [http://www.wildreach.com/reptile/ Sri Lanka Wild Life Information Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524063746/http://www.wildreach.com/reptile/ |date=2013-05-24 }}
* [http://carlgans.org/biology-reptilia-online/ Biology of the Reptilia] is an online copy of the full text of a 22 volume 13,000 page summary of the state of research of reptiles.

[[Kaarangay:Reptilia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arthur Ashe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>728923</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>6262621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T10:12:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>126</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_shaking_hands_with_Arthur_Ashe.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Arthur_Ashe_at_a_White_House_Blue_Room_Event_for_The_United_States_Davis_Cup_Tennis_Team_-_DPLA_-_964f8b8e429042341bc601f6a8ad41de.</comment>
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      <text bytes="432" sha1="1z3ghen696kqithqcx961d5dlk21o0t" xml:space="preserve">[[File:President Ronald Reagan Shaking Hands with Arthur Ashe at a White House Blue Room Event for The United States Davis Cup Tennis Team - DPLA - 964f8b8e429042341bc601f6a8ad41de.jpg|thumb]]
Hi '''Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr.''' (Hulyo 10, 1943 – Pebrero 6, 1993) in uska Amerikano nga propesyonal nga magmurulay hin tennis.

{{turok}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashe, Arthur}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1943]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1993]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barobata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1581407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783355</id>
      <parentid>6598869</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T14:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lymantria</username>
        <id>6910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+image</comment>
      <origin>7783355</origin>
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      <text bytes="1634" sha1="kvc5jubglurpixcx4zzcncj2ztm5cv1" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Barobata''
| status             = 
| image              = Barobata trocta 236952772.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Animalia]]
| phylum             = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis            = [[Insecta]]
| ordo               = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia            = [[Lymantriidae]]
| genus              = '''Barobata'''
| species            = 
| binomial           = Barobata
| binomial_authority = 
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| subphylum          = [[Hexapoda]]
| superfamilia       = [[Noctuoidea]]
| synonyms           = 
}}
An '''''Barobata'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; in uska [[genus]] han [[Lepidoptera]]. An ''Barobata'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Lymantriidae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; 

An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;:

{{Clade
| label1 = '''''Barobata&amp;nbsp;'''''
| 1={{Clade
| 1=''[[Barobata trocta]]''
| 2=''[[Barobata viridis]]''
}}
}}

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/barobata/match/1|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wikispecies|Barobata|''Barobata''}}

[[Kaarangay:Barobata]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barobata trocta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1581408</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783354</id>
      <parentid>6598870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T14:34:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lymantria</username>
        <id>6910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+image</comment>
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      <text bytes="1737" sha1="rp9csaojehopgf88bww5kicq6gevfnm" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Barobata trocta''
| status             = 
| image              = Barobata trocta 236952772.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Animalia]]
| phylum             = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis            = [[Insecta]]
| ordo               = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia            = [[Lymantriidae]]
| genus              = [[Barobata]]
| species            = '''Barobata trocta'''
| binomial           = Barobata trocta
| binomial_authority = Krsch. 1895
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| subphylum          = [[Hexapoda]]
| superfamilia       = [[Noctuoidea]]
| synonyms           = 
}}
An '''''Barobata trocta'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Krsch. hadton 1895. An ''Barobata trocta'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Barobata]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Lymantriidae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;/&gt; Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/barobata+trocta/match/1|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;&gt;''LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index''. Beccaloni G.W., Scoble M.J., Robinson G.S. &amp; Pitkin B., 15 Hunyo 2005&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

[[Kaarangay:Barobata]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Geonoma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-27T14:41:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ercé</username>
        <id>14362</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Geonoma stricta stricta MHNT.BOT..jpg]] → [[File:Geonoma stricta stricta MHNT.bot.2019.18.10.jpg]] cohérence avec les autres publications</comment>
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      <text bytes="3846" sha1="rqdaslhfg7keb3l6vs4ym4id9363d3y" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Liliopsida|date=2014-06}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Geonoma''
| status             = 
| image              = Geonoma undata Kerikeri NZ.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Plantae]]
| divisio            = [[Tracheophyta]]
| classis            = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo               = [[Arecales]]
| familia            = [[Arecaceae]]
| genus              = '''Geonoma'''
| species            = 
| binomial           = Geonoma
| binomial_authority = 
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| synonyms           = 
}}
[[File:Geonoma stricta stricta MHNT.bot.2019.18.10.jpg|thumb|''Geonoma stricta stricta'' - [[MHNT]]]]
An '''''Geonoma'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt; in uska [[genus]] han [[Liliopsida]]. An ''Geonoma'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Arecaceae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;

==Ilarom nga taxa&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;==

* ''[[Geonoma appuniana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma arundinacea]]''
* ''[[Geonoma aspidiifolia]]''
* ''[[Geonoma atrovirens]]''
* ''[[Geonoma awaensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma baculifera]]''
* ''[[Geonoma bifurca]]''
* ''[[Geonoma blanchetiana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma bondariana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma brenesii]]''
* ''[[Geonoma brevispatha]]''
* ''[[Geonoma brongniartii]]''
* ''[[Geonoma camana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma chlamydostachys]]''
* ''[[Geonoma chococola]]''
* ''[[Geonoma concinna]]''
* ''[[Geonoma conduruensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma congesta]]''
* ''[[Geonoma cuneata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma densa]]''
* ''[[Geonoma deversa]]''
* ''[[Geonoma divisa]]''
* ''[[Geonoma ecuadoriensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma elegans]]''
* ''[[Geonoma epetiolata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma ferruginea]]''
* ''[[Geonoma fiscellaria]]''
* ''[[Geonoma gamiova]]''
* ''[[Geonoma hoffmanniana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma hollinensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma hugonis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma interrupta]]''
* ''[[Geonoma irena]]''
* ''[[Geonoma jussieuana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma lanata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma laxiflora]]''
* ''[[Geonoma leptospadix]]''
* ''[[Geonoma linearis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma littoralis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma longipedunculata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma longivaginata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma macrostachys]]''
* ''[[Geonoma maxima]]''
* ''[[Geonoma meridionalis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma monospatha]]''
* ''[[Geonoma mooreana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma myriantha]]''
* ''[[Geonoma oldemanii]]''
* ''[[Geonoma oligoclona]]''
* ''[[Geonoma orbignyana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma paradoxa]]''
* ''[[Geonoma paraguanensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma pauciflora]]''
* ''[[Geonoma piscicauda]]''
* ''[[Geonoma poeppigiana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma pohliana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma polyandra]]''
* ''[[Geonoma polyneura]]''
* ''[[Geonoma rubescens]]''
* ''[[Geonoma santanderensis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma schottiana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma scoparia]]''
* ''[[Geonoma seleri]]''
* ''[[Geonoma simplicifrons]]''
* ''[[Geonoma skovii]]''
* ''[[Geonoma spinescens]]''
* ''[[Geonoma stricta]]''
* ''[[Geonoma supracostata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma talamancana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma telesiana]]''
* ''[[Geonoma tenuissima]]''
* ''[[Geonoma triandra]]''
* ''[[Geonoma triglochin]]''
* ''[[Geonoma trigona]]''
* ''[[Geonoma trinervis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma umbraculiformis]]''
* ''[[Geonoma undata]]''
* ''[[Geonoma weberbaueri]]''
* ''[[Geonoma wilsonii]]''
* ''[[Geonoma wittigiana]]''

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17085301| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons category|Geonoma}}
{{Wikispecies|Geonoma|''Geonoma''}}

[[Kaarangay:Geonoma]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leptocereus weingartianus</title>
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      <comment>Image</comment>
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      <text bytes="2227" sha1="clav170zvqoak6pyujn0mzdjsv6grpm" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Leptocereus weingartianus''
| status             = 
| image              = Leptocereus_weingartianus.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Plantae]]
| divisio            = [[Tracheophyta]]
| classis            = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo               = [[Caryophyllales]]
| familia            = [[Cactaceae]]
| genus              = [[Leptocereus]]
| species            = '''Leptocereus weingartianus'''
| binomial           = Leptocereus weingartianus
| binomial_authority = (E. Hartmann in Dams) [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] &amp; [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| synonyms           = 
}}
An '''''Leptocereus weingartianus'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;C132&quot;/&gt; in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni E. Hartmann in Dams, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni [[Nathaniel Lord Britton]] och [[Joseph Nelson Rose]]. An ''Leptocereus weingartianus'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Leptocereus]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Cactaceae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;/&gt; Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/13438418| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;C132&quot;&gt;''Checklist of CITES Species Part 1 CITES species index'', 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=(Canada);http://siit.conabio.gob.mx (Mexico) ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System |url=http://www.itis.gov;http/ |access-date=2014-09-22 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429125543/http://www.itis.gov;http/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

[[Kaarangay:Leptocereus]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lantanido</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2868828</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:43:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="963" sha1="d9zoxnbnv8ad2pxj62ajsyi42g6z9td" xml:space="preserve">An '''Lantanido''' in sagunson nga mga elemento kimikal nga naglalakip han mga puthawon nga elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomica tikang 57 ngadto ha 71, tikang ha  [[lanthanum]] tubtob [[lutetium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gray&quot; &gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Theodore|title=The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe| date = 2009|publisher=Black Dog &amp; Leventhal Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1-57912-814-2|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com.ph/chemistry/lanthanide-369725.html Lanthanide], Encyclopædia Britannica on-line&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Holden2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Holden|first1=Norman E.|last2=Coplen|first2=Tyler |date= 17 Marso 2004|journal=Chemistry International|title=The Periodic Table of the Elements|publisher=IUPAC|volume=26|issue=1 (January–February 2004)|page=8|url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2004/2601/2_holden.html|accessdate=23 Marso 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

{{Turók}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Actinido</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2868830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783394</id>
      <parentid>6275789</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:29:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1000" sha1="9j5u9bs0fkg9wfp67mb6fii1ys2nmh8" xml:space="preserve">An '''actinido''' in naglalakip han 15 nga puthawon nga elemento kimikal nga may ihap atomica tikang 89 kutob 103 tikang [[actinium]] pakadto ha [[lawrencium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gray&quot; &gt;{{cite book|author=Theodore Gray|title=The Elements:  A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe|year=2009|publisher=Black Dog &amp; Leventhal Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1-57912-814-2|page=240}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/4354/actinoid-element Actinide element], Encyclopædia Britannica on-line&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Although &quot;actinoid&quot; (rather than &quot;actinide&quot;) means &quot;actinium-like&quot; and therefore should exclude actinium, that element is usually included in the series.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Neil G. Connelly ''et al.''|title=Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry|publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]]|location=London|year=2005|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w1Kf1CakyZIC&amp;pg=PA52|page=52|chapter=Elements|isbn=0-85404-438-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}
{{turok}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ragnarök</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2872841</id>
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      <id>7783451</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6067" sha1="sxh9clji0bd52jz9lh8rvlxbdl4jfep" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Urnes_animals.jpg|thumb]]
Ha Norse nga mitolohiya, an '''Ragnarök''' in sagunson nga mga panhitabo ha panahon nga maabot, nga naglalakip in dako nga pag-aragway nga gintigo nga mangangadto han pagkamatay hin pipira nga makagarahom nga mga diyosdiyos (sugad kanda Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr, ngan Loki), nga panhihitabo hin durudilain nga mga disastre natural, ngan masunod nga pagkalunod han kalibutan ha tubig.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{reflist}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |authorlink= |editor-last=Barnes |editor-first=Geraldine |editor2-last=Ross |editor2-first=Margaret Clunies |contribution=Scandinavian Myth on Viking-period Stone Sculpture in England |title=Old Norse Myths, Literature, and Society |publisher=University of Sydney |year=2002 |location=Sydney |url=http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/medieval/saga/pdf/015-bailey.pdf |isbn=1-86487-316-7 |ref=harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914122533/http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/medieval/saga/pdf/015-bailey.pdf |date=2009-09-14 }}
*{{cite book|last=Bellows|first=Henry Adams|author-link=Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)|year=2004|title=The Poetic Edda: The Mythological Poems|publisher=[[Dover Publications]]|isbn=0-486-43710-8|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Bjordvand|first=Harald|last2=Lindeman|first2=Fredrik Otto|year=2007|title=Våre arveord|publisher=Novus|isbn=978-82-7099-467-0|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Byock|first=Jesse|author-mask=Jesse Byock (Trans.)|year=2005|title=The Prose Edda|url=https://archive.org/details/proseeddanorsemy0000snor|publisher=[[Penguin Classics]]|isbn=0-14-044755-5|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Dronke|first=Ursula|author-link=Ursula Dronke|author-mask=[[Ursula Dronke|Dronke, Ursula]] (Trans.)|year=1997|title=The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-811181-9|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=H. R. Ellis|author-link=Hilda Ellis Davidson|year=1990|title=Gods and Myths of Northern Europe|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-013627-4|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Fazio|first=Michael W.|last2=Moffett|first2=Marian|last3=Wodehouse|first3=Lawrence|title=A World History of Architecture|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HrzPlqLjR1MC|year=2003|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Professional]]|isbn=0-07-141751-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Bernharðsson|first=Haraldur|year=2007|chapter=Old Icelandic ''Ragnarök'' and ''Ragnarökkr''|title=Verba Docenti|editor-last=Nussbaum|editor-first=Alan J.|pages=25–38|isbn=0-9747927-3-X|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Hopkins |first=Joseph S.|year=2014 |title=The 'Viking Apocalypse' of 22nd February 2014: An Analysis of the Jorvik Viking Center's ''Ragnarök'' and Its Media Reception |journal=RMN Newsletter |volume=8 |pages=7&amp;ndash;12 |publisher=[[University of Helsinki]] |issn=2324-0636 |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/folkloristiikka/English/RMN/RMN_8_May_2014.pdf |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=John|last2=Ralston|first2=Ian|year=1999|title=The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Industrial Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Fiw99ueTkU0C|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-13588-7|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Jansson|first=Sven B.|year=1987|title=Runes in Sweden|publisher=Stockholm, Gidlund|isbn=91-7844-067-X|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Larrington|first=Carolyne|author-mask=Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.)|year=1999|title=The Poetic Edda|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780192839466|publisher=[[Oxford World's Classics]]|isbn=0-19-283946-2|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Lindow|first=John|author-link=John Lindow|year=2001|title=Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KlT7tv3eMSwC|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-515382-0|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=MacLeod|first=Mindy|last2=Mees|first2=Bernard|year=2006|title=Runic Amulets and Magic Objects|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hx7UigqsTKoC|publisher=[[Boydell &amp; Brewer|Boydell Press]]|isbn=1-84383-205-4|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Mallory|first=J. P.|author-link=J. P. Mallory|last2=Adams|first2=Douglas Q.|author2-link=Douglas Q. Adams|year=1997|title=[[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|isbn=1-884964-98-2|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Orchard|first=Andy|year=1997|title=Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend|url=https://archive.org/details/casselldictionar00unse|publisher=[[Orion Publishing Group|Cassell]]|isbn=0-304-34520-2|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last=Phillpotts|first=Bertha|author-link=Bertha Phillpotts|year=1905|title=Surt|journal=Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi|volume=21|pages=14 ff.|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Pluskowski|first=Aleks|year=2004|chapter=Apocalyptic Monsters: Animal Inspirations for the Iconography of Medieval Northern Devourers|editor-first=Bettina|editor-last=Bildhauer|editor2-first=Robert|editor2-last=Mills|title=The Monstrous Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5M7JElJtK8AC|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|isbn=0-8020-8667-5|ref=harv}}
*[[Rundata|Rundata 2.0 for Windows]].
*{{cite journal |authorlink1=Meyer Schapiro |last1=Schapiro |first1=Meyer |year=1942 |jstor=3046829 |title='Cain's Jaw-Bone that Did the First Murder' |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_1942-09_24_3/page/205 |journal=The Art Bulletin |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–212 |doi=10.2307/3046829|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |authorlink1=Meyer Schapiro |last1=Schapiro |first1=Meyer |year=1980 |title=Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art |url=https://archive.org/details/lateantiqueearly0000scha_t6t9 |publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus |location=London |isbn=978-0-7011-2514-1|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Simek|first=Rudolf|author-link=Rudolf Simek|year=2007|others=translated by Angela Hall|title=Dictionary of Northern Mythology|publisher=[[Boydell &amp; Brewer|D.S. Brewer]]|isbn=0-85991-513-1|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
{{-}}
{{wiktionary|Ragnarok}}
{{commons category|Ragnarök}}
{{-}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>7783399</id>
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      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25004" sha1="kjospuvdc46xnbttwe4vljg2qs1zxdb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tawo|name=John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.|image=JFKJr2.jpg|caption=Kennedy greets invited guests at the [[HBO]] &lt;br&gt;and [[Imagine Entertainment]] premiere held &lt;br&gt;at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] in 1998.|birth name=John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.|birth_name=John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.|birth date={{birth date|1960|11|25}}|birth_date={{birth date|1960|11|25}}|birth place=[[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.|birth_place=[[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.|death date={{death date and age|1999|7|16|1960|11|25}}|death_date={{death date and age|1999|7|16|1960|11|25}}|death_place=[[Atlantic Ocean]], off the coast of [[Martha's Vineyard]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.|death cause=[[John F. Kennedy Jr. plane crash|Plane crash]]|death_cause=[[John F. Kennedy Jr. plane crash|Plane crash]]|alma mater=[[Brown University]] &lt;small&gt;([[A.B.]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[New York University]] &lt;small&gt;([[Juris Doctor|J.D.]])&lt;/small&gt;|alma_mater=[[Brown University]] &lt;small&gt;([[A.B.]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[New York University]] &lt;small&gt;([[Juris Doctor|J.D.]])&lt;/small&gt;|occupation=Journalist, lawyer, magazine publisher|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy]]&lt;br&gt;|1996}}|parents=[[John F. Kennedy]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis]]|relations=''See [[Kennedy family]]''|relatives=''See [[Kennedy family]]''|signature=John_Kennedy_Jr._Signature.svg}}'''John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.''' (Nobyembre 25, 1960 – Julyo 16, 1999), ginkikilalan gihapon nga hi '''JFK Jr. '''o hi '''John John''', usa nga abogado, journalist, and magazine publisher. Hiya nala an nasasalin nga lalaki na anak ni [[Mangulo han Estados Unidos|President]] [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]] ngan First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, ngan burubata nga bugto ni Caroline Kennedy. Pinatay an iya tatay ugsa hiya magtulo ka-anyos.

Tikang han iya pagkabata, hi Kennedy daan na hiya tisirikat, ngan nasikat hiya bilang usa nga pigura han Manhattan. Nag-iskwela ha pagka-abogado, nagtrabaho ha New York City Assistant District Attorney ha sakob han upat ka-anyos. Han 1995, gin-abrihan niya an ''George'' magazine, gamit han iya political ngan celebrity status para sumikat ini.

Namatay hi Kennedy upod an iya asawa nga hi Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy ngan iya magurang na hi Lauren ha the crash han guti-ay nga eroplano nga iya gin-drive-an. Unta, ig-bibilin ni Kennedy hi Lauren ha Martha's Vineyard ugsa kumadto han kasal han iya patod Rory Kennedy ha Hyannis Port.

==White House nga mga Tu-ig==
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. gin anak ha Georgetown University Hospital han Nobyambre 25, 1960, duha kasimana katapos maging elected president an iya tatay. May-ada hiya bugto na upat ka-anyos nga burubata ha iya na hi  Arabella. Mayada hia ate na hi Caroline, ngan namatay na bugto na hi Patrick. An iya agnay na &quot;John-John&quot;, kay tikang ha usa nga reporter nga nagkamali han bati han iya ngaran bilang &quot;John-John&quot;, pero diri ini ginagamit han iya pamilya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;[http://www.cnn.com/interactive/specials/9912/yearinreview.passages/content/politics/kennedy.html Kennedy Year in Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513233029/http://www.cnn.com/interactive/specials/9912/yearinreview.passages/content/politics/kennedy.html |date=2006-05-13 }} [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN CNN].&lt;/ref&gt;

Umukoy hi John Jr. ha [[Busag nga Balay|White House]] ugsa hiya mamatay, ngan naging sikat kutob han iya kamatay. Ginpatay an iya tatay mgada han Nobyembre 22, 1963, nga an state funeral kay gin kada han iya kaadlawan ha sakob han tulo ka-adlaw. An naging iconic na pigura han 1960s, an iya pag-salute ha iya tatay habang ginbabaktas an iya kaba-ong tikang St. Matthew's Cathedral.&lt;ref name=&quot;FamousPictures&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2007-07-22|url=http://www.famouspictures.org/jfk-jr-salutes-jfk/|title=Famous Pictures Magazine – JFK Jr salutes JFK|publisher=Famous Pictures Magazine|accessdate=2013-05-21|last=Lucas|first=Dean}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagpadayon la gehapon an pamilya nga mag-celebrete han kaadlawan ni John Jr., para ipakita na bisan namatay an ira padre de pamilya mabubuhi la gihapon hira han tahimik.&lt;ref&gt;Leamer, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pagpapakasal utro han iya Nanay==
Pagkatapos patay-a han iya tatay, bumalin hira ha Upper East Side han [[Manhattan]] sakob New York City upod an iya nanay nga kabugto-an. Han 1967, gin-dara hira han ira na nanay ha Ireland, kun ngain nakikilala han iya nanay hi President [[Éamon de Valera]] ngan gin-bisita an  ancestral home ni Kennedy ha Dunganstown.&lt;ref name=&quot;Heymann145146&quot;&gt;Heymann, pp. 145-146.&lt;/ref&gt;

Katapos patay-a an iya uncle na hi Robert  han 1968, gumawas hira han United States, nayakan na: &quot;If they're killing Kennedys, then my children are targets ..... I want to get out of this country.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Seely, Katherine|author=Seely, Katherine|date=19 Hulyo 1999|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=John F. Kennedy Jr., Heir to a Formidable Dynasty|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/19/us/john-f-kennedy-jr-heir-to-a-formidable-dynasty.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=8 Nobyembre 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha pareho nga tu-ig, inasawa han iya nanay an usa nga Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis, ngan umukoy hira han pribado nga isla han Skorpios. Nayakan na gin-consider ni Kennedy an iya ikaduha nga amay bilang usa nga tuyaw.&lt;ref&gt;Davis, p. 690.&lt;/ref&gt;

han 1971, bumalik an pamilya ha white house. an anak ni President [[Richard Nixon]] naghatag han  tour ha mga Kennedy upod an iya dati nga kwarto, gin-pakita ni Nixon an Resolute desk kun ngain hiya nagmumulay han una. Kamatay han iy ikaduha nga tatay han 1975, ginbaya-an niya hi Kennedy han $25,000,pero na-ayos hadto han ira nanay para makakuha han $ 20 million ka dolyar para ha iya ngan ha iya mga anak.&lt;ref name=&quot;BaltimoreSun&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Shane|first=Scott|date=18 Hulyo 1999|title=A life lived in celebrity|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-07-18/news/9907180015_1_barlow-john-fitzgerald-kennedy-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis/2|publisher=Baltimore Sun|access-date=2017-03-10|archive-date=2015-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034513/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-07-18/news/9907180015_1_barlow-john-fitzgerald-kennedy-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis/2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Han 1976, hi Kennedy nga an iya kapaturan bumisita han gin-lindol ha Rabinal in Guatemala, nagbulig hira han pangayad nga makasaradang han pagka-on. Nayakan an ira padre ngadto nga &quot;they ate what the people of Rabinal ate and dressed in Guatemalan clothes and slept in tents like most of the earthquake victims&quot;, dugang pa &quot;did more for their country's image&quot; ha Guatemala &quot;than a roomful of ambassadors.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Leigh195&quot;&gt;Leigh, pp. 195-196.&lt;/ref&gt; Pagtung-tung niya han 16 nagtapos an iya Secret Service protection.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leigh137&quot;&gt;Leigh, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; Han summer han 1978, nag trabaho hiya ha wrangler ha Wyoming.&lt;ref&gt;Landau, p. 77.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugsa kumadto ha [[Unibersidad Brown|Brown University]], ginupdan niya an iya nanay ha Africa. Ha usa nga pioneering course, gin-sagib niya an usa ka-grupo, nga nawara ha sakob han duha ka adlaw nga waray dara nga pagla-on o tubig, nagda-og han point para leadership.&lt;ref&gt;Leigh, p. 235.&lt;/ref&gt; han 1979, an John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum gin-dedicated, ngan ha kauna-unahan nga beses ng speech hi Kennedy, gin-recite niya an poem ni Stephen Spender na &quot;I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Leigh, p. 251.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Edukasyon==
Nag-attendar hi Kennedy ha damu nga private nga eskwelahan ha New York, una ha Saint David's School tapos ha Collegiate, kun nga-in niya gin tapos an iya tenth-grade, ngan nagtapos han highschool ha Phillips Academy Andover, Massachusetts. Pagkatapos paka-graduate, kumadto hiya ha [[Unibersidad Brown|Brown University]] kun ngain nag-major hiya han American studies.&lt;ref&gt;Leigh, pp. 236-237.&lt;/ref&gt; Dinhi bumulig hiya han pag-tindog han usa ka discussion group nga nag-fofocuse ha contemporary issues sugad han [[apartheid]] ha South Africa, gun control, ngan civil rights. Ginbisita an South Africa han usa ka summer break, ginharangan hiya han apartheid, ngan gin-arrange niya para an U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young nga magyakan tunkol hini nga nahihitabo ha Brown.&lt;ref&gt;Landau, p. 78.&lt;/ref&gt;

Han iya Junior year ha Brown, Bumalin hiya ha usa ka balay nga gawas han campus kun diin mayaada hiya kalungon,&lt;ref&gt;Landau, p. 82.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngan tumambay ha usa ka-bar na tagiya ni Howard Stein. Bumulig hi Kennedy ha usa nga fraternity na Phi Psi,  an Rhode Island Alpha Chapter of national Phi Kappa Psi fraternity kutob 1978.&lt;ref&gt;Robert T. Littell, ''The Men We Became: My Friendship With John F. Kennedy, Jr.'' (St. Martin's Press 2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=8lfKFx22v7UC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;dq=Kennedy+%22Phi+Psi%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=uCl7TvDWGeP50gHri_3kAg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=3&amp;ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Phi%20Psi%22&amp;f=false passim].&lt;/ref&gt; nakagraduate han 1983 nga may bachelor's degree ha American studies, ngan nagtrabaho ha India nga umukoy hiya ha University of Delhi, kun nga-in niya nakilala hi [[Nanay Teresa|Mother Teresa]]. Nagtrabaho gihapon hiya ha mga Kennedy special interest projects, upod an the East Harlem School ha Exodus House ngan Reaching Up.

==Uro-aga na Karera==
Pagkatapos han 1984 Democratic Convention ha San Francisco, bumalik hi Kennedy ha New York ngan nakakakuha han $20,000 kadatu-ig ha position ha Office of Business Development, kun nga-in an iya agaron natuod na &quot;in the same crummy cubbyhole as everybody else. I heaped on the work and was always pleased.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;mgross.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mgross.com/writing/profiles/jfk1/|title=Favorite Son|date=20 Marso 1989|publisher=New York Magazine|first=Michael|last=Gross|access-date=2017-03-10|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919195904/https://mgross.com/writing/profiles/jfk1/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tikang1984 tikadto 1986, nagtrabaho hiya ha New York City Office of Business Development ngan nagsilbi nga deputy director han 42nd Street Development Corporation han 1986, nag-nenegotiate han mga developers ngan city agencies. Han 1988, naging summer associate ha Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg &amp; Phillips, usa nga Los Angeles law firm nga mayada madig-on na pagkaurugpod ha Democratic part. Dinhi nagtrabaho hiya para kan Charlie Manatt, kan iya uncle Ted Kennedy roommate han eskwela pa

==Pag-arte==
Usa ha iya mga passions ang pag-arte (bumulig hiya ha mga plays ha Brown.) I gin-himu nga karera ang pag-aarte, pero na diri an iya nanay.&lt;ref name=&quot;A&amp;E Biography&quot;&gt;A&amp;E Biography&lt;/ref&gt;Ha Augusto 4, 1985, Um-arte hiya ha usa nga invitation-only audience ha Irish Theater ngadto ha west side han Manhattan. Executive director han the Irish Arts Center, Nye Heron,nagyakan na hi Kennedy &quot;one of the best young actors I've seen in years&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bly279&quot;&gt;Bly, p. 279.&lt;/ref&gt; Director ni Kennedy, Robin Saex nagyakan na &quot;He has an earnestness that just shines through.&quot; An iya pinakadako na role kay usa nga fictionalized version han iya sarili ha the season eight episode of sitcom ''Murphy Brown'', gintawag na 'Altered States'. hini nga episode binisita ni Kennedy hi Brown ha iya office para i-promote an magazine na iya pinapublish.

==Activity han Pamilya==
Gin-adress ni Kennedy an 1988 Democratic National Convention, upod an iya uncle na hi Senator Ted Kennedy. Ginamit niya an inaugural address han iya tatay, tinatawag niya nga &quot;a generation to public service&quot;, ngan naka-receive han two-minute standing ovation.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimesDeath&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Selye|first=Katherine Q.|date=19 Hulyo 1999|title=John F. Kennedy Jr., Heir To a Formidable Dynasty|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/19/us/john-f-kennedy-jr-heir-to-a-formidable-dynasty.html?module=Search&amp;mabReward=relbias%3As|publisher=New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yakan han Republican consultant na hi Richard Viguerie, diri niya nahihinumduman bisan usa han speech pero maupay kuno an ka-deliver, yakan pa niya &quot;I think it was a plus for the Democrats and the boy. He is strikingly handsome.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wadler1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wadler|first=Joyce|date=12 Septyembre 1988|title=The Sexiest Kennedy|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20099904,00.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Binuligan ni Kennedy an iya patod na hi Patrick J. Kennedy ha iya campanya para ha usa ka posisyon ha Rhode Island House of Representatives pa-agi han pagbibisita han opisina.&lt;ref&gt;Bly, p. 297.&lt;/ref&gt; Lumingkod hiya ha gawas han usa ka polling booth ngan nagpapictuce upod han mga &quot;would-be&quot; voters. Gumana han duro an polaroid ploy nga campanya asya ginamit utro ni Patrick J. Kennedy han 1994.

==Nonprofit work, graduation tikang ha law school==
Tikang han 1989, ginbuligan ni Kennedy an Reaching up, usa ka nonprofit group nga nag-proprovide han educational ngan iba nga opurtunidad para ha mga workers nga nabulig han mga tawo nga may kapansanan. William Ebenstein, executive director han Reaching Up, nagyakan na, &quot;He was always concerned with the working poor, and his family always had an interest in helping them.&quot;

Han 1989, nakakuha han J.D. degree tikang ha New York University School of Law hi Kennedy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Heymann|first=Clemens David| date = 2007|title=American Legacy: The Story of John &amp; Caroline Kennedy|url=https://archive.org/details/americanlegacyst0000cdav|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanlegacyst0000cdav/page/322 323]|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=0-7434-9738-4|ISBN=0-7434-9738-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumagsak hiya han bar exam makaduha,ugsa makapasar han Julyo 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blow|last2=Bradley, Richard|author2=Bradley, Richard|first=Richard| date = 2002|title=American Son: A Portrait of John F. Kennedy, Jr.|url=https://archive.org/details/americansonportr00blow|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americansonportr00blow/page/16 17]|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-312-98899-0|ISBN=0-312-98899-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagsaad hi Kennedy pagkatapos han ikaduha nga makapasar na hiya bisan pa mag-95 ka-anyos pa hiya, pero bisan man waray hiya pakapasar ha ikatulo magging prosecutor man la gihapon hiya ha Manhattan district attorney's office, kun ngain hiya makagtrabaho ha sakob han upat ka-anyos&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 Nobyembre 1990|title=John F. Kennedy Jr. Passes Bar Exam|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-04/news/mn-5683_1_john-f-kennedy-jr|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Spoto|first=Donald| date = 2000|title=Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life|url=https://archive.org/details/jacquelinebouvie00spot_0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jacquelinebouvie00spot_0/page/329 330]|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-312-97707-7|ISBN=0-312-97707-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; hann Augusto 29, 1991, Nagdaog hiya han iya syahan nga kaso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Ronald|date=30 Agosto 1991|title=Prosecutor Kennedy Wins First Trial, Easily|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/30/nyregion/prosecutor-kennedy-wins-first-trial-easily.html|publisher=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Han summer 1992, nagtrabaho hiya bilang usa ka journalist ha ''The New York Times'' para magsurat ha articolo tungkol han iya kayaking expedition tikadto ha Aland Archipelago, kun nga-in iya gin sagib an iya sankay han nag-capsized an iya kayak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Andersen|first=Christopher| date = 2014|title=The Good Son: JFK Jr. and the Mother He Loved|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781476775562|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781476775562/page/266 266]–267.|publisher=Gallery Books|isbn=978-1476775562|ISBN=978-1476775562}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naisipan niya magtindog han magazine upon an iya sakay, public relations magnate Michael J. Berman  - plano nga yakan han iya nanay ng delikado. Ngada han libro han 2001 ''The Day John Died'', ginsurat ni Christopher Andersen na hi Jacqueline kay nahadlok namamatay an iya anak ha eroplano, ngan nagpakiana kan Maurice Tempelsman &quot;to do whatever it took to keep John from becoming a pilot&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=11 Hulyo 2000 &lt;!-- year per pub date of &quot;new&quot; book mentioned in source --&gt;|title=Book: JFK. Jr's Death Foretold|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91891&amp;page=1|publisher=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Politics==
Ginpakianahan hi Kennedy kun naruyag hiya magkandidato pero yakan niya diri. Natuod hi Ted Kennedy nga politics an kan Johon Destiny, Ngan pinirit hiya nga kumandidato makadamo. Ha usa nga burutusay nayakan na hi John Kennedy Jr. an pinakasikat na democrat ha New York. Nayakan na  makarida unta hi John ha Senate han 2000 para balyuan an usa ka retiring Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.{{Citation needed|reason=Citation needed|date=March 2017}} Pero pagtika-iha nayakan liwat hira nga kandidato hiya para ka governor para makalaban hi George Pataki. {{Citation needed|reason=Citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==''George'' magazine==
Han 1995, gintindug ni Kennedy ngan Michael Berman an ''George'', usa ka glossy, politics-as-lifestyle ngan fashion monthly,kun ngain 50 porsyento han share kay hiya an nakapot.  Kennedy officially launched the magazine at a news conference in Manhattan on September 8, and joked that he had not seen so many reporters in one place since he failed his first bar exam.

Kada issue nga aadto kay sinurat ni Kennedy,&lt;ref name=&quot;Sumner&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sumner|first=David E.| date = 2010|title=The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900|pages=201|publisher=Peter Lang International Academic Publishers|isbn=978-1433104930|ISBN=978-1433104930}}&lt;/ref&gt; nga natuod nga it politics &quot;accessible by covering it in an entertaining and compelling way&quot; Nga magpapa-agi &quot;popular interest and involvement&quot; nga sumunod. Na-interview na ni Kennedy hira Louis Farrakhan, [[Billy Graham]], Garth Brooks ngan damo pa nga iba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Landau100-102&quot;&gt;Landau, pp. 100-102.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagyakan an Conservative commentator na hi Ann Coulter na ''George'' kay &quot;truly a political magazine, not a Democratic magazine&quot;. Nayakan an Coulter nga na hanga adto hi Kennedy ha iya kayt tungod han iya gisurat nga articolo laban ha usa ka congressman han fourth district of Columbia, nayakan gihapon an babaye nga gintuyaw kuno hira ni Kennedy nga &quot;predictable bore&quot; ngada han katungod na waray hiya ebidensya.&lt;ref&gt;Coulter, pp. 317-318.&lt;/ref&gt;

An syahan nga isue ka litrato ni Cindy Crawford Kunuhay hi [[George Washington]] nakasulot han wig ngan ruffled shirt. Depensa ni Kennedy para han cover &quot;political magazines should look like Mirabella.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Landau99&quot;&gt;Landau, p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;

In July 1997, ''Vanity Fair'' had published a profile of Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani claiming that the mayor was sleeping with his press secretary (which both parties denied). Although tempted to follow up on this story, Kennedy decided against it.&lt;ref&gt;Blow, pp. 174-175.&lt;/ref&gt;
The same month, Kennedy wrote about meeting [[Nanay Teresa|Mother Teresa]], declaring that the &quot;three days I spent in her presence was the strongest evidence this struggling Catholic has ever had that God exists.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sumner&quot;/&gt;

Han Septyembre 1997 an issue han ''George'' kay nag-cento ha mga temptation, upod nganhi an kapaturan ni Kennedy na hira, Michael LeMoyne Kennedy Ngan Joseph P. Kennedy II. Hi Michael ka gin acusahan nga may relasyon han bata nga yaya han anak, habang hi Joe kay gin acusahan nga nangastigo han iya dati nga asawa. Yakan ni John nga an iya kapaturan kay naging &quot;poster boys for bad behaviour&quot;  - Damu an natuog nga ini an syahan na gumawas nga isue nga usa ka Kennedy gin labtan an usa pa ka Kennedy. Igintry ini pagpakita na an mga yakan han media kay diri patas kay mga Kennedy hira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersen, p. 316&quot;&gt;Andersen, p. 316.&lt;/ref&gt; Pero iniba niya an yakan han tatay ni John, &quot;Ask not what you can do for your cousin, but what you can do for his magazine.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Leigh, pp. 322-323.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Magazine decline ===
Uru-aga han 1997, naka-ada han dako nga problema hi Kennedy and Berman, Nga nagresulta ha mas damo nga mga problema. Waray pag-iha gin baligya ni Berman an iya share han companya, ngan inako ni Kennedy an mga responsibilidad ni Berman. Bisan an companya nalulugi na, an pag lakat ni Berman kay nagresulta ha malaksi nga paghabubo han ira mga baligya..

David Pecker, CEO han Hachette Filipacchi Magazines, Nga partner han ''George'', nayakan na kan Kennedy kuno sala kay na diri hiya mag &quot;take risks as an editor, despite the fact that he was an extraordinary risk taker in other areas of his life.&quot; yakan ni Pecker, &quot;He understood that the target audience for ''George'' was the eighteen-to-thirty-four-year-old demographic, yet he would routinely turn down interviews that would appeal to this age group, like [[Diana, Prinsesa han Wales|Princess Diana]] or John Gotti, Jr., to interview subjects like Dan Rostenkowski or [[Vo Nguyen Giap]], an obscure North Vietnamese general.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heymann438&quot;&gt;Heymann, p. 438.&lt;/ref&gt; Di pala naiha ugsa hiya mamatay, Plano hadto ni Kennedy nga magset-up han series of online chats para ha 2000 nga presidential candidates. Tumugot an [[Microsoft]] Nga hira an ma hatag han technolohiya ngan kwarta kabalyo han pag-advertise ha ''George''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blow274&quot;&gt;Blow, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; Katapos niya kamatay, gin palit ni Hachette an ''George'',&lt;ref name=&quot;media&quot;&gt;Bercovici, Jeff (2001). &lt;/ref&gt; pero nagsara gihapon in han 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn&quot;&gt;[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0101/06/rs.00.html &quot;Reliable Sources: 'George' Folds&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418152349/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0101/06/rs.00.html |date=2016-04-18 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal Nga Kinabuhi==
Han namatay an nanay ni Kennedy na hi Jacqueline ngadto han Mayo 19, 1994, sinuportahan niya an iya bugto na hi Caroline, nga mas gusto han pribado nga lamay, na diri ha iya Uncle Ted, Ngan naruyag han respeto tikang publico han ira mga pribado nga kinabuhi. Asawa ni Caroline na hi Edwin Schlossberg ngan Maurice Tempelsman ( sangkay ni Jackie) kay sinusuportahan hiya.&lt;ref&gt;Heymann, p. 387.&lt;/ref&gt; Katapos han lubong ha  Arlington National Cemetery, Hiya ngan an iya bugto nagsagawa han mga guti nga mga yakan. Binisita niya an iya tatay nga aniya uncle Bobby ugsa lumakat upod han iya bugto.&lt;ref&gt;Leigh, p. 351.&lt;/ref&gt; Masnaging close hiya ngan an iya bugto katapos ka matay han ira nanay; an iraskim, with Kennedy telling his worrying sister that he planned to live to &quot;a ripe old age.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersen4-5&quot;&gt;Andersen, pp. 4-5.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Relationships==
Usa ka lama an gin da-os para kan Kennedy han 23 Hulyo 1999 ha Church of St. Thomas More, usa ka church  nga pirmi gin-aatendaran han pamilya Kennedy. An invitation-only service kay gin attenderan han damu nga tawo, upod hi Presidente Bill Clinton, nga nagpresentar han mga litrato han mag asawa han ira pagbisita han usa katu-ig.&lt;ref&gt;Landau, p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngada han last will and testament ni Kennedy nayakan nga tanan nga iya gamit kamakukuha ni Caroline nga iya bugto, Dapat kuno nga parantay an makukuha han mga anak ni Caroline, 14 hira ng magtuturunga.

==Legacia==
John F. Kennedy Jr. kauna-unaha nga anak han President-elect of the United States. Han ika-50th annibersaryo han assassination han tatay ni John Jr. Nobyebre 22, 1963, an ''New York Daily News'' kay nagpakita han mga sikat na picture han three-year-old Kennedy nga nag-salute ha iya tatay ha kaba-ong. Photographer Dan Farrell, nga kumuha han litrato, tinawag niya nga &quot;the saddest thing I've ever seen in my whole life&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 Nobyembre 2013|title=Daily News' iconic photo of JFK Jr.'s salute to dad's coffin still haunts|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/daily-news-photo-jfk-jr-s-salute-dad-haunts-article-1.1520240|publisher=New York Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Han 2000, Reaching Up, usa ka organisasyon nga gin tindog ni Kennedy han 1989, nakipagtrabaho ha City University of New York para itindog an John F. Kennedy, Jr. Institute.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuny.edu/about/administration/offices/hhs/jfkjrinstitute.html|title=JFK, JR. INSTITUTE FOR WORKER EDUCATION|access-date=2017-03-10|archive-date=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522065830/http://www.cuny.edu/about/administration/offices/hhs/jfkjrinstitute.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; han Septyembre 19, 2003, an ARCO Forum ha Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government kay gin-ngaranan nga the John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum of Public Affairs. usa ka-actibo na membro han mga Forum events, membro gihapon hi Kennedy han IOP's Senior Advisory Committee sakob han kinsi ka-anyos. An uncle ni Kennedy na hi Senator Ted Kennedy, nagyakan na nga magsisimbolo ini nga koneksyon ni Kennedy ngada is tatay ngan kabugtuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kicenuik|first=Kimberly A.|date=22 Septyembre 2003|title=ARCO Forum at IOP Renamed In Honor of John F. Kennedy Jr.|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/9/22/arco-forum-at-iop-renamed-in/|publisher=The Harvard Crimson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1960]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1999]]</text>
      <sha1>kjospuvdc46xnbttwe4vljg2qs1zxdb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Enkidu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2886298</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783430</id>
      <parentid>6256096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:38:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 1 dead IA link per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783430</origin>
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      <text bytes="3581" sha1="qsowouoytllbh2fxgffxiwqtun4zi5l" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Enkidu_leon.jpg|thumb|Posible nga depiction kan Enkidu bilang toro nga tawo, naaway sin leon, [[Imperyo han Akkad|Akkadian Empire]] selyo, circa 2200 BC.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Si Enkidu nga toro-nga-tawo naatake sin leon nga naatake sin toro.&quot; sa {{Cite book|last1=Hammade|first1=Hamido|last2=Hitchcock|first2=Louise|title=Cylinder seals from the collections of the Aleppo Museum, Syrian Arab Republic|date=1987|publisher=B.A.R.|isbn=9780860544296|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7YZAAAAYAAJ|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LK&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Kalof|first1=Linda|title=Looking at Animals in Human History|date=2007|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781861893345|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PyJZyabg7OsC&amp;pg=PA15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Paypay:Indus_bull-man_fighting_beast.jpg|thumb|An away san hayop ngan tawo  na may sungay ngan ikug. nagsa-suggest san Indus-Mesopotamia relations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Littleton|first1=C. Scott|title=Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology|date=2005|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761475651|page=732|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u27FpnXoyJQC&amp;pg=PA732|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Marshall|first1=John|title=Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization: Being an Official Account of Archaeological Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro Carried Out by the Government of India Between the Years 1922 and 1927|date=1996|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120611795|page=389|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ds_hazstxY4C&amp;pg=PA389|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Singh|title=The Pearson Indian History Manual for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131717530|page=35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsiXwh_tIGkC&amp;pg=PA35|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohenjo daro (selyo 1357), [[Sibilisasyon ha Indus Valley|Indus Valley Civilization]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Richter-Ushanas|first1=Egbert|title=The Indus Script and the Ṛg-Veda|date=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=9788120814059|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DZYbWQbKAsC&amp;pg=PA123|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Si '''Enkidu''' (𒂗𒆠𒆕 EN.KI.DU&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, &quot;gintuha ni Enki&quot; o kundi man &quot;ginhimo ni Enki&quot;), dati ginbabasa nga '''Eabani''',  usa nga centro nga  pigura san Ancient Mesopotamian nga ''[[Epiko ni Gilgamesh|Epiko ni Gilgamesh]]''. Si Enkidu ginhimo ni Aruru tikang galot ngan tubiclay. 

An pagkawara ni Endiku an nagtulang kan Gilgamesh nga hanapon an imortalidad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1911|ref=harv|last=Jastrow|first=Morris|authorlink=Morris Jastrow Jr.|wstitle=Eabani|volume=8|pages=788–789}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
Paypay:Periodo accadico, sigillo in calcare verde con eroi a sei ricci che sottomettono un bufalo d'acqua e un leone, 2350-2150 ac ca.jpg|[[Ea (Babylonian god)|Ea]] wrestling with a water buffaloe, and bull-man, possibly Endiku, fighting with a lion. [[Akkadian Empire]] cylinder seal.
Paypay:Enkidu on an Akkadian cylinder seal.jpg|Possible depiction of Enkidu fighting a lion on an Akkadian cylinder seal
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga pinambasaran==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Epic of Gilgamesh|editor=Foster, Benjamin R.|year=2001|location=New York, NY|publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company|isbn=0-393-97516-9}}
{{refend}}
* &quot;Si Enkidu nalingkod nga nangangalambira kan Gugalanna, an Toro san Langit&quot;.
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&amp;pg=PA155&amp;dq=enkidu#v=onepage&amp;q=enkidu&amp;f=false|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia}}


[[Kaarangay:Epiko ni Gilgamesh]]</text>
      <sha1>qsowouoytllbh2fxgffxiwqtun4zi5l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pilmograpiya ni Kari Wahlgren</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2886570</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783443</id>
      <parentid>7782568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-28T09:41:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixing 2 dead IA links per [[en:WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS|WP:DEADIABOOKLINKS]] (20260528dark)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7783443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119644" sha1="895ltf535xr7uqe8q5kk30qnqlyemzm" xml:space="preserve">Kini ang filmograpiya sa American voice aktres nga si [[Kari Wahlgren]].
[[Paypay:Kari_Wahlgren_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Wahlgren sa WonderCon 2017]]

==Pilmograpiya nin Voice-over==
=== Anime ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width=95%;  font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+Listahan dubbing performances sa anime
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de; width:40px;&quot; |Tuig
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Papel
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga pagpasabut
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Source&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2002|09|03|format=y}}
|''[[FLCL]]''
|[[List of FLCL characters|Haruko Haruhara]]
|Debut anime role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;anime tourist&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|02|25|format=y}}
|''[[Ai Yori Aoshi]]''
|[[List of Ai Yori Aoshi characters#Chika Minazuki|Chika Minazuki]]
|as Key Jensen
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeng 2004&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|04|08|format=y}}
|''[[A Little Snow Fairy Sugar]]''
|[[A Little Snow Fairy Sugar#Cinnamon|Cinnamon]], Dr. Barbara
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime next 2006 announce&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animenext.org|title=Kari Wahlgren &amp; Mike Pollock guests at Animenext 2006|work=[[Anime Next]]|date=17 Pebrero 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218013407/http://www.animenext.org/|archivedate=18 Pebrero 2006|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=What's in Your Heart|episodelink=List of A Little Snow Fairy Sugar episodes#A Little Snow Fairy Sugar Special|series=A Little Snow Fairy Sugar|serieslink=A Little Snow Fairy Sugar|number=25|minutes=23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|07|17|format=y}}
|''[[Gatekeepers 21]]''
|[[Gatekeepers 21#Miu Manazuru|Miu Manazuru]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animejump.com/index.php@module=prodreviews&amp;func=showcontent&amp;id=240.htm|title=Gate Keepers 21|work=Anime Jump|date=16 Oktubre 2003|last=Toole|first=Mike}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|07|29|format=y}}
|''[[Heat Guy J]]''
|[[Heat Guy J#Kyoko Milchan|Kyoko Milchan]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=77amcYEgUVI|title=Heat Guy J – 1 – City|author=Funimation|date=24 Agosto 2009|work=YouTube|time=23:36}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|08|format=y}}
|''[[Mirage of Blaze]]''
|Miya Ohgi
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.hulu.com/watch/126980#i0,p4,d0|title=Endless Conflict|work=Aniplex|series=Mirage of Blaze|serieslink=Mirage of Blaze|number=5|via=Hulu|access-date= 8 Abril 2020|archivedate= 3 Marso 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233939/http://www.hulu.com/watch/126980#i0,p4,d0|deadurl=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|09|15|format=y}}
|''[[Immortal Grand Prix]]''
|Liz
|Microseries
as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/330/igpx/|title=IGPX (special)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Nobyembre 2014|archive-date=19 Oktubre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019061124/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/330/igpx/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|09|30|format=y}}
|''[[Figure 17]]''
|[[Figure 17#Tsubasa Shiina|Tsubasa Shiina]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Is There Someone You Want to Be With?|work=[[Media Blasters|Anime Works]]|series=Figure 17|serieslink=Figure 17|number=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|10|11|format=y}}
|''[[Witch Hunter Robin]]''
|[[Robin Sena]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release|url=http://postproduction.digitalmedianet.com/article/Metreon-Hosts-Third-Annual-Festival-of-Anime-Saturday-October-11-20418|title=Metreon Hosts Third Annual Festival of Anime Saturday, October 11|work=Digital Post-Production|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014|author=DMN Staff Writer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820233042/http://postproduction.digitalmedianet.com/article/Metreon-Hosts-Third-Annual-Festival-of-Anime-Saturday-October-11-20418|archive-date=20 Agosto 2014|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 Agosto 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820233042/http://postproduction.digitalmedianet.com/article/Metreon-Hosts-Third-Annual-Festival-of-Anime-Saturday-October-11-20418|deadurl=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2003-09-22/bandai-entertainment-prepares-for-metreon-festival-of-anime|title=Bandai Entertainment Prepares for Metreon Festival of Anime|work=Anime News Network|date=22 Septyembre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|10|28|format=y}}
|''[[Mao-chan]]''
|[[Ground Defense Force! Mao-chan#Misora Tsukishima|Misora Tsukishima]], [[Ground Defense Force! Mao-chan#Chinami Noki|Chinami Noki]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=I'll Protect Japan by Myself!|work=Pioneer / Geneon|series=Mao-chan|serieslink=Mao-chan|number=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/dub-track/2004-03-02|title=Mao-chan, Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi - The Dub Track - Anime News Network|author=|date=|work=Anime News Network|accessdate=3 Nobyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|11|11|format=y}}
|''[[Chobits]]''
|[[List of Chobits characters#Kotoko|Kotoko]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime next 2006 announce&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Hibiya and Kotoko Chat|episodelink=List_of_Chobits_episodes#Unaired episodes (DVD exclusives)|series=Chobits|serieslink=Chobits|number=24.5|minutes=23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|11|11|format=y}}
|''[[Someday's Dreamers]]''
|[[Someday's Dreamers#Yume Kikuchi|Yume Kikuchi]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://j-entonline.com/blu-ray-dvd-reviews/dvd-reviews-film-tv/anime-reviews/somedays-dreamers-complete-collection-a-j-ent-anime-dvd-review/|title=Someday’s Dreamers: Complete Collection (a J!-ENT Anime DVD Review)|work=J-ENT! Online|date=6 Abril 2012|last=Amith|first=Dennis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.hulu.com/watch/575749#i0,p0,d0|title=Sunset and A Steel Frame, Part 1|work=Pioneer/Geneon|series=Someday's Dreamers|serieslink=Someday's Dreamers|number=1|via=Hulu|access-date= 8 Abril 2020|archivedate= 4 Marso 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001738/http://www.hulu.com/watch/575749#i0,p0,d0|deadurl=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|11|18|format=y}}
|''[[Last Exile]]''
|[[List of Last Exile characters|Lavie Head]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;divers last exile&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|11|18|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Twelve Kingdoms}}''
|Youka
|as Jennifer Jean, Eps. 15–21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/733/the-twelve-kingdoms/fullcast/1|title=Full Cast – Twelve Kingdoms, The (TV) (episodes 1 to 26)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=5 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905001727/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/733/the-twelve-kingdoms/fullcast/1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- dvd vol. 3 --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|01|27|format=y}}
|''[[Space Pirate Captain Herlock: The Endless Odyssey]]''
|Nana
|as Jennifer Jean, Eps. 1–3
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/646/space-pirate-captain-herlock/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Space Pirate Captain Herlock (OVA) (episodes 1 to 13)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904224909/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/646/space-pirate-captain-herlock/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|02|17|format=y}}
|''[[Yukikaze (anime)|Yukikaze]]''
|[[Yukikaze (anime)#Edith Foss|Captain Edith Foss]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/802/yukikaze/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Yukikaze (OVA) (episodes 1 to 5)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|03|09|format=y}}
|''[[Tenchi Muyo! GXP]]''
|[[Airi Masaki]], [[Sasami Masaki Jurai]], [[Tenchi Muyo! GXP#Gyokuren, Hakuren, Karen and Suiren|Karen]], others
|as Renee Emerson
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/686/tenchi-muyo-gxp/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Tenchi Muyo! GXP (TV) (episodes 1 to 26)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904222915/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/686/tenchi-muyo-gxp/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- closing credits --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|04|24|format=y}}
|''[[Wolf's Rain]]''
|[[List of Wolf's Rain characters#Cher Degre|Cher Degre]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2009-05-05/anime-expo-announces-kari-wahlgren-as-an-official-2009-american-guest-of-honor|title=Anime Expo® Announces Kari Wahlgren as an Official 2009 American Guest of Honor|work=Anime News Network|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|04|27|format=y}}
|''[[Marmalade Boy]]''
|[[List of Marmalade Boy characters#Anju Kitahara|Anju Kitahara]], Uchiyama
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/418/marmalade-boy/fullcast/2|title=Full Cast – Marmalade Boy (TV) (episodes 27 to 52)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904224957/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/418/marmalade-boy/fullcast/2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|06|08|format=y}}
|''[[Angel Tales]]''
|Goddess, Momo the Monkey
|as Key Jensen, Eps. 1–2
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/31/angel-tales/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Angel Tales (TV) (episodes 1 to 4)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904051122/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/31/angel-tales/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Terrace|2008|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|06|22|format=y}}
|''[[Gad Guard]]''
|[[List of Gad Guard characters#Arashi Shinozuka|Arashi Shinozuka]]
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.hulu.com/watch/139562#i0,p0,d0|title=Looking Up at the Same Sky|work=Pioneer/Geneon, Funimation|series=Gad Guard|serieslink=Gad Guard|number=1|access-date= 8 Abril 2020|archivedate= 4 Marso 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050449/http://www.hulu.com/watch/139562#i0,p0,d0|deadurl=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|07|06|format=y}}
|''[[Ai Yori Aoshi Enishi]]''
|[[List of Ai Yori Aoshi characters#Chika Minazuki|Chika Minazuki]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/17/ai-yori-aoshi-enishi/|title=Ai Yori Aoshi ~Enishi~ (TV)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904220844/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/17/ai-yori-aoshi-enishi/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- dvd english vol 1 --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|07|06|format=y}}
|''[[Gungrave]]''
|[[Gungrave#Mika Asagi|Mika Asagi]], Brandon (Young)
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://j-entonline.com/blu-ray-dvd-reviews/dvd-reviews-film-tv/anime-reviews/gungrave-the-complete-set-a-j-ent-anime-dvd-review/|title=Gungrave – The Complete Set (a J!-ENT Anime DVD Review)|work=J!-ENT - j-entonline.com|accessdate=6 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|08|17|format=y}}
|''[[I'll CKBC]]''
|Kyoko Munefuji
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/332/illckbc-crazy-kouzu-basketball-club/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – I'll/CKBC (OVA) (episodes 1 to 2)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904222808/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/332/illckbc-crazy-kouzu-basketball-club/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|09|11|format=y}}
|''[[Black Jack (manga)|Black Jack]]''
|Lawrence
|as Kay Jensen, Ep. 8
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/894/black-jack/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Black Jack (OVA) (episodes 1 to 10)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904224304/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/894/black-jack/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|09|21|format=y}}
|''[[Stellvia]]''
|[[Stellvia#Arisa Glennorth|Arisa Glennorth]]
|as Lucy Hudson
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/667/stellvia/|title=Stellvia (TV)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=5 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905033631/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/667/stellvia/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|10|12|format=y}}
|''[[Lunar Legend Tsukihime]]''
|[[List of Tsukihime characters#Kohaku|Kohaku]]
|as Leah Allen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/387/lunar-legend-tsukihime/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Lunar Legend Tsukihime (TV) (episodes 1 to 12)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904230727/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/387/lunar-legend-tsukihime/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|11|02|format=y}}
|''[[Cybuster]]''
|Sayrui Ando
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/148/cybuster/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Cybuster (TV) (episodes 1 to 5)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|11|23|format=y}}
|''[[Please Twins!]]''
|[[Please Twins!#Miina Miyafuji|Miina Miyafuji]]
|as Jan Irving
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/529/please-twins/|title=Please Twins! (TV)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|01|11|format=y}}
|''[[Paranoia Agent]]''
|[[List of Paranoia Agent characters#Taeko Hirukawa|Taeko Hirukawa]]
|as Tara Hudson, Ep. 6
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/506/paranoia-agent/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Paranoia Agent (TV) (episodes 1 to 13)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|01|11|format=y}}–06
|''[[Samurai Champloo]]''
|[[List of Samurai Champloo characters|Fuu Kasumi]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ann champloo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/samurai-champloo|title=Samurai Champloo|publisher=[[Common Sense Media]]|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013|last=Gelman|first=Pam}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|03|06|format=y}}
|''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''
|Salesperson, Saori
|Ep. 17, 18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/278/ghost-in-the-shell-stand-alone-complex/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex (TV) (episodes 1 to 26)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--  ep 17-18 as broadcast --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|04|23|format=y}}
|''[[Rave Master]]''
|Remi
|Ep. 38
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/566/rave-master/fullcast/2|title=Full Cast – Rave Master (TV) (episodes 27 to 51)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904045710/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/566/rave-master/fullcast/2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|04|26|format=y}}
|''[[Scrapped Princess]]''
|[[Pacifica Casull]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ann scrapped 1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|07|05|format=y}}
|''[[Tenchi Muyo! Ryo-Ohki|Tenchi Muyo! OVA 3]]''
|[[Noike Kamiki Jurai]], [[Airi Masaki]], [[Misaki Jurai]], [[Tenchi Muyo! GXP|Mitoto Kuramitsu]], [[Tenchi Muyo! GXP|Minaho Masaki]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/904/tenchi-muyo-3/fullcast/|title=Full Cast – Tenchi Muyo! 3 (OVA) (episodes 14 to 19)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=5 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905030323/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/904/tenchi-muyo-3/fullcast/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/904/tenchi-muyo-3/|title=Tenchi Muyo! 3 (OVA)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|archive-date=5 Pebrero 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205060607/http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/904/tenchi-muyo-3/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- actual closing credits show name --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|11|05|format=y}}–06
|''[[Immortal Grand Prix]]''
|Michiru Satomi, Luca
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/23_/s03_/index.html|title=IGPX STAFF &amp; CAST|work=Production I.G|accessdate=22 Enero 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|&lt;!-- url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8KztFy6QYwC --&gt;|title=[[The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present]]|author-last1=Brooks|author-first1=Tim|author-last2=Marsh|author-first2=Earle F.|publisher=Random House Publishing Group| date = 2009|isbn=9780307483201|page=659|ref={{harvid|Brooks &amp; Marsh|2009}}|authorlink1=Tim Brooks (television historian)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|-
|{{dts|2006|06|24|format=y}}–07
|''[[Eureka Seven]]''
|[[Anemone (Eureka Seven)|Anemone]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|01|06|format=y}}–09
|''[[Naruto]]''
|[[List of Naruto characters#Sound Four|Tayuya]], Ranmaru, Kunihisa, Hana Inuzuka, Onbu, Uroko
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;br&gt;Kunihisa&lt;br&gt;Hana Inuzuka&lt;br&gt;Onbu&lt;br&gt;Uroko || Episodes:&lt;br&gt;&quot;Gyakushuu no raiga&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Arienêttebayo! Serebu ninpou Kinton no jutsu&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Kiba's Long Day&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;A Legend of fro the Hidden Leaf: The Onbaa!&quot;&lt;br&gt; &quot;Fujirareta haze no nouryoku || --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|02|06|format=y}}
|''[[Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles]]''
|[[Ariel (Robotech)|Ariel]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://robotechnews.blogspot.com/2012/11/robotech-voice-actress-kari-wahlgren.html|title=The (Unofficial) Robotech Reporter: Robotech Voice Actress Kari Wahlgren Podcast With Rob Paulsen|publisher=Robotechnews.blogspot.com|date=16 Nobyembre 2012|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=McKeever|first=Kevin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|05|29|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime)}}''
|[[List of Haruhi Suzumiya characters#Tsuruya|Tsuruya]], [[List of Haruhi Suzumiya characters#Kyon's Sister|Kyon's Little Sister]]&lt;!-- Mai Zaizen and members of ENOZ not listed in closing credits for English credits--&gt;
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/episode-1-mikuru-asahinas-adventure-episode-00-540538|title=The Adventures of Mikuru Asahina Episode 00|work=Bang Zoom|episodelink=List of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya episodes#pc10|series=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|serieslink=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime)|number=1|time=24:03|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827154317/http://www.crunchyroll.com/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/episode-1-mikuru-asahinas-adventure-episode-00-540538|archivedate=27 Agosto 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/episode-8-remote-island-syndrome-part-2-540614|title=Remote Island Syndrome Part 2|work=Bang Zoom|episodelink=List of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya episodes#pc10|series=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|serieslink=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime)|number=8|time=23:14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/episode-12-live-alive-540536|title=Live Alive|work=Bang Zoom|episodelink=List of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya episodes#pc10|series=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|serieslink=The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime)|number=12|minutes=23|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109085652/http://www.crunchyroll.com/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/episode-12-live-alive-540536|archivedate=9 Enero 2012|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|03|11|format=y}}–08
|''[[Blood+]]''
|[[Saya Otonashi]], [[List of Blood+ characters#Diva|Diva]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mania.com/blood-part-1-boxed-set_article_57755.html|title=BLOOD+ : Part 1 Boxed Set|first=Tim|last=Janson|work=Mania.com|date=18 Marso 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200152/http://www.mania.com/blood-part-1-boxed-set_article_57755.html|archivedate=10 Septyembre 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Terrace|2008|p=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|05|06|format=y}}
|''[[Lucky Star (manga)|Lucky Star]]''
|[[Kagami Hiiragi]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mania dubbies 2008&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|06|30|format=y}}
|''[[Digimon Data Squad]]''
|Relena Norstein
|Grouped under Voice Talents
|&lt;!-- In the closing credits, all English VAs are listed under &quot;With the Voice Talents Of:&quot; --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kari news&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html|title=Kari Wahlgren – News|work=KariWahlgren.net|accessdate=5 Septyembre 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825012701/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html|archive-date=25 Agosto 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--  http://www.wtwnews.net/news/330/  Jeff Nimoy post mirrored --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|09|23|format=y}}
|''[[Hellsing|Hellsing Ultimate]]''
|[[Rip van Winkle (Hellsing)|Rip van Winkle]]
|''[[List of Hellsing episodes#Hellsing Ultimate|Hellsing IV]]''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;otaku news 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.otakunews.com/us/article.php?story=1347|title=An interview with Kari Wahlgren|work=Otaku News|date=7 Septyembre 2008|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Curzon|first=Joe|location=AmeCon 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hu ep4&quot;&gt;{{Cite episode|series=Hellsing Ultimate|serieslink=Hellsing#OVAs|title=Hellsing IV|airdate=11 Oktubre 2014|network=[[Adult Swim]]|episodelink=List of Hellsing episodes#Hellsing Ultimate|number=4|time=Closing credits}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|02|15|format=y}}–13
|''[[Stitch!]]''
|Ms. Kawasaki, Masa, Mr. Stenchy
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Stitch and the Stitches|work=Disney|episodelink=List of Stitch! episodes#ep08|series=Stitch!|serieslink=Stitch!|season=1|number=8}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|format=y}}–18
|''[[Naruto Shippuden]]''
|Hotaru, Mikoto Uchiha, Naho, Tayuya
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;!-- closing credits on Hulu are in Japanese, need another source http://www.hulu.com/watch/632939 --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|01|25|format=y}}
|''[[Durarara!!]]''
|[[List of Durarara!! characters#Celty Sturluson|Celty Sturluson]]
|Nominated – 2011 BTVA Voice Acting Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;theron martin 2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2011 anime&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|10|02|format=y}}–13
|''[[Tiger &amp; Bunny]]''
|[[List of Tiger &amp; Bunny characters#Karina Lyle|Karina Lyle/Blue Rose]]
|Nominated – 2013 BTVA Anime Dub Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva anime dub 2013 movies&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tiger &amp; Bunny Facebook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/TigerAndBunny/posts/276214479158152|title=Tiger &amp; Bunny English Dub Main Cast List|date=15 Agosto 2012|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=16 Marso 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aamb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tasteslikerock.com/animeatemybrain/interviews.html|title=Kari Wahlgren – Voice Acting Superstar|publisher=Tastes Like Rock|work=Anime Ate My Brain Magazine|date=13 Hunyo 2012|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Meade|first=Michael|archive-date=2013-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608190209/http://www.tasteslikerock.com/animeatemybrain/interviews.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|11|05|format=y}}
|''[[Fate/Zero]]''
|[[Saber (Fate/stay night)|Saber]]
|Nominated – 2013 BTVA Anime Dub Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;btva anime dub 2013 television&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-02-06/fate/zero-anime-to-get-english-dub-will-stream-on-neon-alley|title=Fate/Zero Anime to Get English Dub, Will Stream on Neon Alley – News|work=Anime News Network|date=6 Pebrero 2013|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|03|10|format=y}}–16
|''[[Durarara!!×2]]''
|Celty Sturluson
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-06/durarara-2-english-dub-to-premiere-march-10/.85701|title=Durarara!!×2 English Dub to Premiere March 10|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=6 Marso 2015|accessdate=6 Marso 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|05|29|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Disappearance of Nagato Yuki-chan}}''
|Tsuruya
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-05-28/the-disappearance-of-nagato-yuki-chan-english-dub-reunites-haruhi-cast/.88652|title=The Disappearance of Nagato Yuki-chan English Dub Reunites Haruhi Cast|date=28 Mayo 2015|work=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=29 Mayo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|08|25|format=y}}
|''[[Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works]]''
|Saber
|
|&lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-07-02/aniplex-usa-details-fate-stay-night-ubw-durarara-2-sho-release-details/.89994|title=Aniplex USA Details Fate/stay night UBW, Durarara!! 2xSho Release Details|work=Anime News Network|accessdate=July 2, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/fate/stay-night/unlimited-blade-works/limited-edition-bd-box-set-1/.85648|title=Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works (Episodes 0-12 Streaming)|author=|date=|website=animenewsnetwork.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|09|26|format=y}}
|''[[Blue Exorcist|Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga]]''
|Karura
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=.@KariWahlgren the voice of Karura, the fire demon, has wrapped for the Blue Exorcist Kyoto Saga English dub directed by @alexvondavid!|date=20 Hulyo 2017|accessdate=20 Abril 2018|author=Blue Exorcist|number=888232162679558144|user=BlueExorcistUSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|10|24|format=y}}
|''[[Fate/Grand Order]]''
|[[Saber (Fate/stay night)|Altria Pendragon (Alter)]]
|anime special
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-10/aniplex-usa-produces-english-dub-for-fate-grand-order-first-order-anime-hosts-premiere-at-anime-expo/.117289|title=Aniplex USA Produces English Dub for Fate/Grand Order - First Order Anime, Hosts Premiere at Anime Expo|work=Anime News Network|accessdate=10 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2018|04|20|format=y}}
|''[[Aggretsuko]]''
|Various
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|time=Credits, English Version|title=A Day in the Life of Retsuko|series=Aggretsuko|serieslink=Aggretsuko|network=Netflix|season=1|number=1|publication-date=20 Abril 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2018|06|02|format=y}}
|''FLCL: Progressive''
|Haruha Raharu
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.avclub.com/new-seasons-of-flcl-are-coming-to-adult-swim-in-june-an-1823929918|title=New seasons of FLCL are coming to Adult Swim in June and September|first=Sam|last=Barsanti|date=|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|accessdate=28 Marso 2018|archive-date=2018-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164631/https://news.avclub.com/new-seasons-of-flcl-are-coming-to-adult-swim-in-june-an-1823929918|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;flcl sequel fandompost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fandompost.com/2018/03/26/flcl-alternative-and-flcl-progressive-anime-dub-casts-confirmed/|title=‘FLCL: Alternative’ and ‘FLCL: Progressive’ Anime Dub Casts Confirmed|last=Beveridge|first=Chris|date=26 Marso 2018|website=The Fandom Post|accessdate=28 Marso 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2018|09|format=y}}
|''FLCL: Alternative''
|Haruko Haruhara
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;flcl sequel fandompost&quot; /&gt;
|-
|-
|{{dts|2020|02|28|format=y}}
|''[[Marvel Future Avengers]]''
|[[Wasp (comics)|Wasp]], [[Enchantress (Marvel Comics)|Enchantress]], [[Darkstar (Marvel Comics)|Darkstar]]
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Future Avengers: Assemble!|series=Marvel Future Avengers|series-link=Marvel Future Avengers|network=[[Disney+]]|date=28 Pebrero 2020|season=1|number=4|time=22:15|quote=Credits|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Finding Hydra's Comrades|series=Marvel Future Avengers|series-link=Marvel Future Avengers|network=[[Disney+]]|date=28 Pebrero 2020|season=1|number=17|time=22:15|quote=Credits|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}&lt;!-- NEED SOURCE
--&gt;

=== Animasyon ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width=95%;  font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+Listahan sa voice performances sa animasyon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Tuig
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga pagpasabut
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Gigikanan&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|09|18|format=y}}–06
|''[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!]]''
|[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!#Nova|Nova]]
|First-ever Disney animation lead role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;joe-mammy interview&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- anime expo 2009 --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|05|05|format=y}}
|''[[Maya &amp; Miguel]]''
|Johnny, Mrs. Lopez
|Episode: &quot;Team Santos&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode||title=Team Santos|series=Maya &amp; Miguel|serieslink=Maya &amp; Miguel|season=1|number=27|airdate=5 Mayo 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|01|19|format=y}}–06
|''[[American Dragon: Jake Long]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref&gt;Credits in ''[[American Dragon: Jake Long]]'':

* {{Cite episode|url=http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/02season/206.htm|title=American Dragon : Jake Long – Episode 206 – Something Fishy This Way Comes|work=Jeff Goode.com|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|last=Goode|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Goode|episodelink=List of American Dragon: Jake Long episodes#ep26|series=American Dragon: Jake Long|serieslink=American Dragon: Jake Long|season=2|number=6|archivedate=2018-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112081314/http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/02season/206.htm|deadurl=}}
* {{Cite episode|url=http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/01season/118.htm|title=American Dragon: Jake Long – Episode 114 – Eye of the Beholder|work=Jeff Goode.com|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|last=Goode|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Goode|episodelink=List of American Dragon: Jake Long episodes#ep14|series=1|serieslink=American Dragon: Jake Long|season=1|number=14|archivedate=2014-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907005607/http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/01season/118.htm|deadurl=}}
* {{Cite episode|url=http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/01season/121.htm|title=American Dragon : Jake Long – Episode 116 – Jake Takes the Cake|work=Jeff Goode.com|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014|last=Goode|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Goode|episodelink=List of American Dragon: Jake Long episodes#ep15|series=American Dragon: Jake Long|serieslink=American Dragon: Jake Long|season=1|number=15|archivedate=2012-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616133543/http://www.jeffgoode.com/tv/americandragon/01season/121.htm|deadurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- eye of beholder first episode UK --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|10|15|format=y}}–07
|''[[A.T.O.M.]]''
|[[List of A.T.O.M. villains#Magness|Dr. Magness]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;magness&quot;&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/atom-2006/episode-19-season-1/daddys-little-girl/199002|title=Daddy’s Little Girl|season=1|number=19|series=A.T.O.M.|serieslink=A.T.O.M.|work=TV Guide}} – closing credits&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Natural Magnetism|series=A.T.O.M.|serieslink=A.T.O.M.|season=1|number=10|airdate=15 Oktubre 2005}} – closing credits&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|07|12|format=y}}–07
|''{{sortname|Ben|10|Ben 10 (2005 TV series)|Ben 10 a}}''
|[[List of Ben 10 villains#Charmcaster|Charmcaster]], Toddler Hex
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGN jeanne&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/07/29/sdcc-07-the-voice-of-jeanne-darc-speaks|title=SDCC 07: The Voice of Jeanne d'Arc Speaks|website=IGN|date=29 Hulyo 2007|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Miller|first=Greg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|09|23|format=y}}–08
|''[[Legion of Super Heroes (TV series)|Legion of Super-Heroes]]''
|[[Saturn Girl]], [[Triplicate Girl]], [[Shrinking Violet (comics)|Shrinking Violet]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0608/08/wahlgren.htm|title=Legion of Super Heroes' Kari Wahlgren|work=Comics Continuum|date=8 Agosto 2006|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051808/http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0608/08/wahlgren.htm|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&amp;id=7503|title=The Batman, The Spirit, Fantastic Four 2: July 10th Comic Reel Wrap|work=Comic Book Resources|date=10 Hulyo 2006|last=Tabu|first=Hannibal|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2014-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907191535/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&amp;id=7503|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&amp;id=7715|title=CCI Xtra: Bruce Timm Career Retrospective and 'Legion of Superheroes' Cartoon|work=Comic Book Resources|date=28 Hulyo 2006|last=MacQuarrie|first=Ashley|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2008-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506074446/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&amp;id=7715|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Terrace|2008|p=594}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|05|05|format=y}}
|''[[Kim Possible]]''
|[[Electronique]]
|Episode: &quot;[[Stop Team Go]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;kari news&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Stop Team Go|episodelink=Stop Team Go|series=Kim Possible|serieslink=Kim Possible|airdate=5 Mayo 2007|network=Disney Channel}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|08|31|format=y}}–09
|''[[Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)|Tak and the Power of Juju]]''
|[[Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)#Jeera|Jeera]], [[Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)#Blod and Bleeta Oongatchaka|Bleeta]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGN jeanne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tak press release&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release|url=http://biz.viacom.com/sites/nickelodeonpress/NICKELODEON/Pages/showsdetails.aspx?NewId=9&amp;ShowName=Tak%20and%20the%20Power%20of%20Juju|title=Tak and the Power of Juju|work=Nick Press|publisher=[[Nickelodeon|Nick.com]]|accessdate=7 Septyembre 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908070202/http://biz.viacom.com/sites/nickelodeonpress/NICKELODEON/Pages/showsdetails.aspx?NewId=9&amp;ShowName=Tak%20and%20the%20Power%20of%20Juju|archivedate=8 Septyembre 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|03|13|format=y}}
|''[[Lil' Bush]]''
|[[Lil' Bush#Li'l Democrats|Lil' Hillary]], [[Lil' Bush#Main characters|Lil' Condi]]
|Season 2
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|05|24|format=y}}–13
|''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''
|[[List of Phineas and Ferb characters#Suzy Johnson|Suzy Johnson]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;perlmutter-360&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riYXAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA360|title=America Toons In: A History of Television Animation|last=Perlmutter|first=David|date= Marso 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786476503|page=360}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kariwahlgren.net/press.html|title=Kari Wahlgren – Press|work=KariWahlgren.net|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013|archive-date=1 Oktubre 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001040140/http://kariwahlgren.net/press.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|09|28|format=y}}–12
|''{{sortname|The|Life &amp; Times of Tim}}''
|Gladys (Amy's mother)
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;about kung fu panda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://animatedtv.about.com/od/showsaz/fr/Kung-Fu-Panda.htm|title='Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness' – Feel the Thunder|work=Animated TV About.com|accessdate=5 Septyembre 2014|last=Basile|first=Nancy|archive-date=2014-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907191238/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/showsaz/fr/Kung-Fu-Panda.htm|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Terrace|2008|p=600}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|09|29|format=y}}–10
|''{{sortname|The|Penguins of Madagascar}}''
|Jillie, Kitka
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|01|10|format=y}}
|''[[Random! Cartoons]]''
|Sparkles, Mom, Leprechaun
|Episode short: &quot;[[Random! Cartoons#ep7|Sparkles and Gloom]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Sparkles and Gloom|episodelink=Random! Cartoons#ep7|series=Random! Cartoons|serieslink=Random! Cartoons|number=7 (third segment)|airdate=10 Enero 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|01|23|format=y}}
|''[[Wolverine and the X-Men (TV series)|Wolverine and the X-Men]]''
|[[Emma Frost]], Dr. Sybil Zane, [[Petra (comics)|Christy Nord]]
|Grouped under Voices
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- confirms emma frost --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolverine and the X-Men – excessive Force|work=Mania.com|date=14 Hunyo 2009|first=Rob|last=Vaux|url=http://www.mania.com/wolverine-xmen-excessive-force_article_115655.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907191114/http://www.mania.com/wolverine-xmen-excessive-force_article_115655.html|archivedate=7 Septyembre 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Future X|series=Wolverine and the X-Men|serieslink=Wolverine and the X-Men (TV series)|airdate=22 Mayo 2009|time=Closing credits, Cast}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|05|19|format=y}}
|''[[Back at the Barnyard]]''
|Sheila, Sissy
|Episode: &quot;[[List of Back at the Barnyard episodes#ep29|Bling My Barn]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|06|19|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Secret Saturdays}}''
|[[List of The Secret Saturdays characters#Abbey Grey|Abbey]], [[List of The Secret Saturdays characters#Ruby, Cody, and Wyatt|Ruby]]
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Food of the Giants|series=The Secret Saturdays|serieslink=The Secret Saturdays|number=21|airdate=26 Hunyo 2009|network=Cartoon Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- ep 20 debut --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|02|13|format=y}}–12
|''[[Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil]]''
|[[Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil#Honey Buttowski|Honey Buttowski]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=8ydozX1HnWU|title=Dead Man's Drop/Stumped|work=Disney|episodelink=List of Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil episodes#ep1|series=Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil|serieslink=Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil|airdate=13 Pebrero 2010|season=1|number=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|airdate=13 Pebrero 2010|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=31h740miKVs|title=If Books Could Kill/There will be Nachos|work=Disney|episodelink=List of Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil episodes#ep2|series=Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil|serieslink=Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil|season=1|number=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|05|07|format=y}}–12
|''{{sortname|Ben|10: Ultimate Alien||Ben 10 Ultimate}}''
|Charmcaster, [[List of Ben 10 villains#Rojo|Rojo]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|09|24|format=y}}–14
|''[[Fish Hooks]]''
|[[Fish Hooks#Shellsea|Shellsea]], others
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;awn comic con 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/disney-tv-animation-announces-comic-con-plans/|title=Disney TV Animation Announces Comic-Con Plans|magazine=Animation Magazine|date=22 Hunyo 2012|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|author=Ramin Zahed}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2011/tv/news/disney-channel-greenlights-zombies-pilot-1118044416/|title=Disney Channel greenlights ‘Zombies’ pilot|magazine=Variety|date=13 Oktubre 2011|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Weisman|first=Jon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Terrace|2008|p=346}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|10|11|format=y}}
|''[[Zevo-3]]''
|[[Zevo-3#Ellie Martin/Elastika|Ellie Martin/Elastika]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eliasentertainment.net/television/zevo-3/|title=Zevo-3|work=Elias Entertainment|accessdate=7 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|series=Zevo-3|serieslink=Zevo-3|title=Control|number=3|work=Kabillion|author=[[Kabillion|Kabillion Channel]]|time=Closing credits}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|10|20|format=y}}–12
|''{{sortname|The|Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes}}''
|[[Enchantress (Marvel Comics)|Amora/Enchantress]], [[Jane Foster (comics)|Jane Foster]], [[Karnilla]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Kurtis|last=Findlay|url=http://www.animatedsuperheroes.com/2010_09_01_archive.html|title=Animated Superheroes: September 2010|work=Animated Superheroes|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2020-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407012517/http://www.animatedsuperheroes.com/2010_09_01_archive.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|11|19|format=y}}–11
|''[[Sym-Bionic Titan]]''
|[[Sym-Bionic Titan#Kimberly &quot;Kimmy&quot; Meisner|Kimmy]], Amber, Monica
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Lessons in Love|series=Sym-Bionic Titan|serieslink=Sym-Bionic Titan|number=11|airdate=19 Nobyembre 2010|network=Cartoon Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=KariWahlgren|number=277817242652114944|title=&quot;The infamous 'Kimmy Dance' from #SymbionicTitan....only in animation do I have moves this good&quot;|author=Kari Wahlgren|date=9 Disyembre 2012|accessdate=10 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--https://twitter.com/KariWahlgren/status/277817242652114944 --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|01|27|format=y}}
|''[[Archer (2009 TV series)|Archer]]''
|Anka Scholtz
|Episode: &quot;Swiss Miss&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eclipsemagazine.com/win-a-copy-of-archer-the-complete-season-two/|title=Win A Copy Of Archer: The Complete Season Two!|publisher=EclipseMagazine|date=20 Disyembre 2011|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Wiebe|first=Sheldon A.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|05|02|format=y}}
|''[[Regular Show]]''
|Movie Actress
|Episode: &quot;Do Me a Solid&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Do Me a Solid|episodelink=List of Regular Show episodes#ep30|series=Regular Show|serieslink=Regular Show|number=30|airdate=2 Mayo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|06|16|format=y}}
|''[[The Problem Solverz]]''
|Katrina Rad, Cupcake Girl
|Episode: &quot;Magic Clock&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Magic Clock|episodelink=List of The Problem Solverz episodes#ep10|series=The Problem Solverz|serieslink=The Problem Solverz|number=10|airdate=6 Hunyo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|07|19|format=y}}
|''[[Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated]]''
|[[List of Scooby-Doo characters#Brad Chiles and Judy Reeves|Judy Reeves (young)]], Regina Wentworth
|Eps. 25–26
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Pawn of Shadows|episodelink=List of Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated episodes#ep25|series=Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated|serieslink=Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated|number=25|airdate=19 Hulyo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|10|27|format=y}}
|''[[Good Vibes (U.S. TV series)|Good Vibes]]''
|[[Good Vibes (U.S. TV series)#Milan Stone|Milan Stone]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.medialifemagazine.com/good-vibes-and-a-tasteless-treat/|title=Good Vibes, and a tasteless treat|first=Tom|last=Conroy|date=25 Oktubre 2011|work=[[Media Life Magazine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|11|07|format=y}}–16
|''[[Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness]]''
|[[List of Kung Fu Panda characters#Master Tigress|Tigress]], others
|Nominated – 2012 BTVA Voice Acting Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;about kung fu panda&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PRNewswire2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/megahit-martial-arts-panda-is-back-as-nickelodeon-and-dreamworks-animation-premiere-kung-fu-panda--legends-of-awesomeness-new-cg-animated-series-monday-nov-7-at-530-pm-etpt-132549638.html|title=Megahit Martial Arts Panda is Back as Nickelodeon and Dreamworks Animation Premiere Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, New CG-Animated Series, Monday, Nov. 7, at 5:30 P.M. (ET/PT)|work=PRNewswire|date=25 Oktubre 2011|accessdate=26 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2012 television&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety panda&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2011/tv/reviews/kung-fu-panda-legends-of-awesomeness-1117946515/|title=Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness|magazine=Variety|date=3 Nobyembre 2011|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Lowry|first=Brian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|''[[Robot and Monster]]''
|Baconeers, Gar-Gantuans
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|03|03|format=y}}–14
|''[[DC Nation Shorts]]''
|[[Black Canary]], [[Elasti-Girl]]
|Green Arrow series
Doom Patrol series
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=Jeff_Mednikow|number=460850557242966016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223727/https://twitter.com/Jeff_Mednikow/status/460850557242966016|archivedate=4 Marso 2016|url-status=dead|title=@tinsmm @KariWahlgren https://youtube.com/watch?v=SDD3FJSUX4U …  Check it out, now on youtube from Cartoon Network!|author=Jeff Mednikow|date=28 Abril 2014|accessdate=15 Septyembre 2014}} and {{Cite tweet|user=dkayevo|number=417367727297155072 &lt;!-- https://twitter.com/dkayevo/status/417367727297155072 --&gt;|title=New Doom Patrol w/ @KariWahlgren, @jeffreycombs and  me as 'Robot Man'. Happy New Year #DC Nation ! http://youtu.be/UwnKEs3nKes  via @youtube|author=[[David Kaye (voice actor)|David Kaye]]|date=29 Disyembre 2013|accessdate=15 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|06|02|format=y}}–13
|''[[Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters]]''
|[[Kaijudo (TV series)#Allison &quot;Allie&quot; Underhill|Allie Underhill]], others
|Nominated – 2012 BTVA Voice Acting Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;aamb&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2012 television&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;brittany frederick&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Brittany_Frederick/2012/12/15/kari_wahlgren_on_the_kaijudo_rise_of_t|title=Kari Wahlgren on the 'Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters' Season Finale|publisher=Starpulse.com|date=15 Disyembre 2012|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|last=Frederick|first=Brittany|archive-date=20 Agosto 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820091848/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Brittany_Frederick/2012/12/15/kari_wahlgren_on_the_kaijudo_rise_of_t|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- btva, cite episode &lt;ref&gt;{{cite episode|title=Darkness on the Edge of Town|series=Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters|network=Hub Network|season=2|number=12|airdate=September 6, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|06|09|format=y}}
|''[[Young Justice (TV series)|Young Justice]]''
|[[Carol Ferris]]
|Episode: &quot;[[List of Young Justice episodes#ep33|Depths]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|06|30|format=y}}–16
|''[[Gravity Falls]]''
|[[Gravity Falls#Shandra Jimenez|Shandra Jimenez]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|09|28|format=y}}–14
|''[[Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja]]''
|[[Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja#Morgan|Morgan]]
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Shoob Tube / Stanks Like Teen Spirit|series=Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja|serieslink=Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja|season=1|number=13|airdate=6 Hulyo 2013|network=Disney XD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|09|02|format=y}}
|''[[Winx Club]]''
|Faragonda, Narrator
|[[Nickelodeon]] version, season 5 (Beyond Believix), grouped under Voices
|&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|season=5|number=1|series=Winx Club|serieslink=Winx Club|title=The Spill|airdate=2 Septyembre 2012|network=Nickelodeon|episodelink=List_of_Winx_Club_episodes#ep1 (105)|time=Closing credits, Featuring the Voices Of}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|12|15|format=y}}–15
|''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''
|Joan Grody, Little Girl
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|02|09|format=y}}
|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]''
|Letta Turmond
|Eps. &quot;Sabotage&quot;; &quot;The Jedi Who Knew Too Much&quot;
Nominated – 2013 BTVA Voice Acting Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2013 television&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- debut episode: &quot;Sabotage&quot; --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|04|05|format=y}}
|''[[Henry Hugglemonster]]''
|Ivor Hugglemonster
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/a-monstrously-good-show/|title=A Monstrously Good Show|magazine=Animation Magazine|date=12 Abril 2013|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Zahed|first=Ramin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|04|13|format=y}}
|''[[Monsters vs. Aliens (TV series)|Monsters vs. Aliens]]''
|Baby President, Little Girl, Female Admin, Margaret
|Episode: &quot;Danger Wears a Diaper&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|12|02|format=y}}–present
|''[[Rick and Morty]]''
|Jessica, Rose, various
|Main cast, assorted roles
|&lt;ref name=&quot;rick and morty panel&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=74dgHFEJksI|title=SDCC 2013 – Rick and Morty – Adult Swim|date=29 Hulyo 2013|author=Adult Swim|authorlink=Adult Swim|work=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;starrymag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://starrymag.com/kari-wahlgren-rick-and-morty/|title=Kari Wahlgren – Rick and Morty|work=Starry Constellation Magazine|date=27 Hunyo 2016|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wave newspapers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wavenewspapers.com/simply-jessica-kari-wahlgren-talks-about-her-video-game-voiceover-career/|title=SIMPLY JESSICA: Kari Wahlgren talks about her video game voiceover career|work=Wave Newspapers|publisher=Los Angeles Wave|date=29 Disyembre 2016|first=Jessica|last=McAden|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2017|archive-date=4 Pebrero 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204171426/http://wavenewspapers.com/simply-jessica-kari-wahlgren-talks-about-her-video-game-voiceover-career/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|format=y}}
|''[[Bubble Guppies]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/bubble-guppies/cast/327345/|title=Bubble Guppies|author=|date=|work=tvguide.com|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|02|22|format=y}}
|''[[Ben 10: Omniverse]]''
|Charmcaster, Viktoria
|Episode: &quot;Charmed, I'm Sure&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|04|02|format=y}}
|''[[TripTank]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|04|09|format=y}}
|''[[The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)|The Tom and Jerry Show]]''
|Toots
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|06|17|format=y}}
|''[[Wander Over Yonder]]''
|Janet
|Episode: &quot;The Lonely Planet&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|06|29|format=y}}
|''[[Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.]]''
|[[Invisible Woman]], Reporter
|Episode: &quot;[[List of Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episodes|Monsters No More]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Monsters No More&quot;&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Monsters No More|series=Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.|network=Disney XD|airdate=29 Hunyo 2014|season=1|number=24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|11|01|format=y}}–16
|''[[Breadwinners (TV series)|Breadwinners]]''
|[[Breadwinners (TV series)#Ketta|Ketta]], Aunt Lulu, others
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|series=Breadwinners|serieslink=Breadwinners (TV series)|time=Closing credits|title=Pizzawinners / Yeasterday|airdate=1 Nobyembre 2014|number=15a|episodelink=List of Breadwinners episodes#ep15a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=KariWahlgren|number=516750215001300992 &lt;!-- https://twitter.com/KariWahlgren/status/516750215001300992 --&gt;|title=&quot;Fan Favorites:  Yes, I am the voice of Ketta in Nickelodeon's &quot;Breadwinners!&quot;&quot;|name=Kari Wahlgren|date=29 Septyembre 2014|accessdate=30 Enero 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|12|05|format=y}}
|''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]''
|Bowling Ball
|Eps. &quot;Balls!/Back of The Past, Present and Future Balls&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|12|19|format=y}}
|''[[All Hail King Julien]]''
|Female King Julien
|Ep. &quot;The Wrath of Morticus Khan&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|01|16|format=y}}
|''[[The Adventures of Puss in Boots]]''
|Malaranea
|also specials
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|04|06|format=y}}–17
|''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]''
|Bowling Ball
|Episode: &quot;Balls!&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=I'm Still Super/Balls!|series=Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero|network=Disney XD|season=1|number=9|airdate=6 Abril 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|05|08|format=y}}
|''[[Harvey Beaks]]''
|Carol, Rock Creature
|Episode: &quot;The Ghost Problem&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|url=http://www.nick.com/videos/clip/harvey-beaks-108-full-episode.html|series=Harvey Beaks|serieslink=Harvey Beaks|network=Nickelodeon|title=Harvey Beaks – The Ghost Problem / Princess is Better Than You: Season 1, Episode 108|number=8|time=Closing credits|access-date= 8 Abril 2020|archivedate= 3 Disyembre 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203163900/http://www.nick.com/videos/clip/harvey-beaks-108-full-episode.html|deadurl=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|06|09|format=y}}–17
|''[[Uncle Grandpa]]''
|Emily, Snotty Camper
|Episode: &quot;Weird Badge&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Sneak peek at today's #unclegrandpa episode on @cartoonnetwork! I'm playing Emily (and the snotty camper) at 6pm!|number=608390479869263874|author=Kari Wahlgren|user=KariWahlgren|date=9 Hunyo 2015|accessdate=29 Hunyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|06|22|format=y}}–19
|''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref&gt;''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]'' credits:

* {{Cite episode|title=Lobster Claws / Sleep Spells|series=Star vs. the Forces of Evil|network=Disney XD|season=1|number=7|date=22 Hunyo 2015}}
* {{Cite episode|title=Game of Flags / Girls' Day Out|series=Star vs. the Forces of Evil|network=Disney XD|season=2|number=8|date=19 Septyembre 2016}}
* {{Cite episode|title=Mathmagic / The Bounce Lounge|series=Star vs. the Forces of Evil|network=Disney XD|season=2|number=17|date=13 Pebrero 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|08|01|format=y}}
|''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]''
|Proxima Midnight
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|09|14|format=y}}&amp;ndash;19
|''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers Assemble]]''
|[[Hope Pym|Wasp]], [[Proxima Midnight]], various characters
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=New Frontiers|series=Avengers Assemble|network=Disney XD|season=2|number=25|airdate=13 Septyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/avengers-secret-war-tv-show-disney-xd/|title=Disney XD's Avengers: Secret Wars Gets a Premiere Date &amp; New Team|author=|date=25 Mayo 2017|website=screenrant.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|09|18|format=y}}–16
|''[[Pig Goat Banana Cricket]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[[Pig Goat Banana Cricket]]'' credits:

* {{Cite episode|title=The Most Beautiful Cockroach in the World|series=Pig Goat Banana Cricket|network=Nickelodeon|season=1|number=8|airdate=25 Septyembre 2015}}
* {{Cite episode|title=The Tooth of My True Love|series=Pig Goat Banana Cricket|network=Nickelodeon|season=1|number=9|airdate=2 Oktubre 2015}}
* {{Cite episode|title=Gauntlet of Humiliation|series=Pig Goat Banana Cricket|network=Nickelodeon|season=1|number=10|airdate=9 Oktubre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|10|05|format=y}}
|''[[Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|10|09|format=y}}
|''[[The Mr. Peabody &amp; Sherman Show]]''
|Various characters
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|format=y}}
|''[[Miles from Tomorrowland]]''
|Concierge Bot, Chef Bots
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|10|24|format=y}}–16
|''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]''
|[[Proxima Midnight]]
|Ep. &quot;Undercover Angle&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Undercover Angle|series=Guardians of the Galaxy|network=Disney XD|season=1|number=6|airdate=24 Oktubre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|01|22|format=y}}–18
|''[[The Lion Guard]]''
|Muhimu, others
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[[The Lion Guard]]'' credits:

* {{Cite episode|title=Bunga the Wise|series=The Lion Guard|network=Disney Junior|season=1|number=3|date=22 Enero 2016}}
* {{Cite episode|title=The Mbali Fields Migration|series=The Lion Guard|network=Disney Junior|season=1|number=12|date=22 Abril 2016}}
* {{Cite episode|title=Beware the Zimwi|series=The Lion Guard|network=Disney Junior|season=1|number=19|date=14 Oktubre 2016}}
* {{Cite episode|title=Babysitter Bunga|series=The Lion Guard|network=Disney Junior|season=2|number=1|date=7 Hulyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|01|15|format=y}}–17
|''[[The Fairly OddParents]]''
|[[List of The Fairly OddParents characters#Chloe Carmichael|Chloe Carmichael]]
|Season 10
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Meet Chloe Carmichael...complicating Timmy's life in #fairlyoddparents Season 10! So excited to voice this character!|number=637033765198389248|author=Kari Wahlgren|user=KariWahlgren|date=27 Agosto 2015|accessdate=27 Agosto 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|01|15|format=y}}–18
|''[[Bunnicula (TV series)|Bunnicula]]''
|Mina
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvinsider.com/article/70847/5-things-to-know-about-bunnicula-cartoon-network/|title=5 Things to Know About Creepy-Cute Bunnicula From Cartoon Network|first=Nivea|last=Serrao|date=5 Pebrero 2016|work=[[TV Insider]]|accessdate=24 Marso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|05|02|format=y}}&amp;ndash;18
|''[[The Loud House]]''
|Maggie, others
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|06|10|format=y}}–17
|''[[Voltron: Legendary Defender]]''
|Queen Luxia, various
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|02|21|format=y}}–18
|''[[Bunsen Is a Beast]]''
|Amanda Killman, Mikey's Mom
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;bunsen toonzone&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/toonzone-interviews-butch-hartman-bunsen-beast/|title=Toonzone Interviews Butch Hartman on &quot;Bunsen is a Beast&quot;|website=ToonZone|first=Christopher|last=Glennon|date=24 Pebrero 2017|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017|quote=The easiest one to cast was the villain, Amanda. We cast Kari Wahlgren, who I had just hired to be Chloe on the Fairly OddParents. The new character of Chloe, she was just great, and I said, “I’m doing this new show Bunsen, would do you just do me a favor and read this part real quick?” She just did it and was hilarious and the character drawing had braces so she kind of did a ::talks through teeth: braces like she was spitting a lot and it was very funny, and so we just kept that.|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133348/http://www.toonzone.net/toonzone-interviews-butch-hartman-bunsen-beast/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://emertainmentmonthly.com/index.php/interview-kari-wahlgren-of-the-latest-final-fantasy-game-talks-about-life-as-a-voice-actor/|title=Interview: Kari Wahlgren of the Latest ‘Final Fantasy’ Game Talks About Life as a Voice Actor|date=14 Marso 2017|first=Sarah|last=Crocco|work=[[Emerson College|Emertainment Monthly]]|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017|archive-date=11 Disyembre 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010142/http://emertainmentmonthly.com/index.php/interview-kari-wahlgren-of-the-latest-final-fantasy-game-talks-about-life-as-a-voice-actor/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|03|11|format=y}}
|''[[Samurai Jack]]''
|Ami, Aki, various
|[[Samurai Jack (season 5)|Season 5]]Eps. &quot;XCII&quot;; &quot;XCIV&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;''[[Samurai Jack]]'' credits:

* {{Cite episode|title=XCII|series=Samurai Jack|network=Adult Swim|season=5|number=1|date=11 Marso 2017}}
* {{Cite episode|title=XCIV|series=Samurai Jack|network=Adult Swim|season=5|number=3|date=25 Marso 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|05|05|format=y}}
|''[[Spirit Riding Free]]''
|Aunt Cora
|Netflix series
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|06|26|format=y}}—present
|''[[Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz]]''
|[[Dorothy Gale]], [[Princess Ozma]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kcur&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kcur.org/post/voice-actor-kari-wahlgren-returns-her-kansas-roots-dorothy-and-wizard-oz#stream/0|title=Voice Actor Kari Wahlgren Returns To Her Kansas Roots With ‘Dorothy And The Wizard Of Oz’|first=Danielle|last=Hogerty|date=24 Hulyo 2017|website=[[KCUR]]|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|07|21|format=y}}—2019
|''[[Niko and the Sword of Light]]''
|Lyra, Balatha, Doris, Poofhilda, others
|Amazon series
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2017/08/08/imaginism-studio-nx-head-into-the-light/|title=Imaginism, Studio NX head into the light|author=|date=|website=kidscreen.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;seat42f&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://seat42f.com/exclusive-the-nut-job-2-scoop-shining-the-spotlight-on-kari-wahlgren.html|title=EXCLUSIVE : THE NUT JOB 2 Scoop:  Shining The Spotlight On Kari Wahlgren - SEAT42F|author=|date=|website=seat42f.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|08|01|format=y}}–19
|''[[OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes]]''
|[[List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters#Shannon|Shannon]]
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hiddenremote.com/2017/08/27/interview-kari-wahlgren-talks-rick-and-morty-fairly-odd-parents-and-more/|title=Interview: Kari Wahlgren talks Rick and Morty, Fairly Odd Parents and more|author=|date=27 Agosto 2017|website=hiddenremote.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|08|12|format=y}}—present
|''[[DuckTales (2017 TV series)|DuckTales]]''
|Roxanne Featherly
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2019|03|09|format=y}}—present
|''[[DC Super Hero Girls (TV series)|DC Super Hero Girls]]''
|[[Zatanna]]
|
|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.comicsbeat.com/zatanna-steals-the-show-in-dc-super-hero-girls/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/dc-super-hero-girls-lauren-faust-tara-strong-interview/|title=INTERVIEW: How Lauren Faust &amp; DC Super Hero Girls Mix Real Angst with Super Adventure|date=16 Agosto 2019|website=CBR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}&lt;!-- NEED SOURCE
| {{dts|2017|08|25|format=y}} || ''[[Elena of Avalor]]'' || Bijoux || Ep: &quot;Party of a Lifetime&quot; ||
| {{dts|2017|10|1|format=y}} || ''[[Vampirina]]'' || Aunt Olga/Nosy|| Ep: &quot;Little Terror&quot; ||
| {{dts|2019|11|25|format=y}} || ''[[Cleopatra in Space]]'' || Additonal voices ||
--&gt;

=== Feature film ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width=95%;  font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+Listahan kan voice performances sa feature films
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Taon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga nota
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Source&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|07|17|format=y}}
|''[[Steamboy]]''
|Scarlett
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|04|14|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Wild||Wild}}''
|Baby Hippo
|Grouped under Walla
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|05|18|format=y}}
|''[[Shrek the Third]]''
|Old Woman
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.voices.com/voxdaily/2007/06/shrek_the_third_interview_kari_wahlgren.html|title=Shrek the Third Interview : Kari Wahlgren|publisher=[[Voices.com]]|work=Vox Daily|date=7 Hunyo 2007|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Ciccarelli|first=Stephanie|archive-date=2014-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823001221/http://blogs.voices.com/voxdaily/2007/06/shrek_the_third_interview_kari_wahlgren.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|11|21|format=y}}
|''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]''
|Mindy
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ku valentines&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kualumni.org/news/happy-valentines-day/|title=Happy Valentine’s Day|publisher=Kualumni.org|work=KU Alumni Association|date=13 Pebrero 2013|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|archive-date=20 Agosto 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820075714/http://www.kualumni.org/news/happy-valentines-day/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|07|31|format=y}}
|''[[Aliens in the Attic]]''
|Razor
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|01|13|format=y}}
|''[[Tangled Ever After]]''
|Queen
|Short film
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|section=closing credits|title=[[Tangled Ever After]]|date=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|11|02|format=y}}
|''[[Paperman]]''
|Meg
|[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning short film
|&lt;ref name=&quot;ku valentines&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://film-book.com/paperman-2012-short-film-john-kahrs-kari-wahlgren-jeff-turley/|title=PAPERMAN (2012) Short Film: John Kahrs, Kari Wahlgren, Jeff Turley|publisher=Film-Book.com|date=4 Pebrero 2013|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|last=Tomasi|first=Rollo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/cn5tvv/paperman|title=Paperman &amp;#124; Film review and movie reviews|magazine=Radio Times|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|archive-date=20 Agosto 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820121838/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/cn5tvv/paperman|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|07|18|format=y}}
|''[[Planes: Fire &amp; Rescue]]''
|Patch
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/planes-fire-rescue-v583658/cast-crew|title=Planes: Fire &amp; Rescue (2014) – Cast and Crew|work=[[All Movie Guide]]|date=18 Hulyo 2014|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|12|12|format=y}}
|''[[Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast]]''
|Robin
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|09|26|format=y}}
|''The Laws of the Universe Part 0''
|Anna
|Limited theatrical release
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-09-26/the-laws-of-the-universe-anime-film-casts-dylan-mcdermott-jennifer-beals-tom-kenny/.93394|title=The Laws of the Universe Anime Film Casts Dylan McDermott, Jennifer Beals, Tom Kenny|work=Anime News Network|date=26 Septyembre 2015|accessdate=28 Pebrero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://teenswannaknow.com/laws-of-the-universe-part-0-premiere-with-tom-kenny-kari-wahlgren-lex-lang-christina-vee/|title=Laws of the Universe Part 0 Premiere with Tom Kenny, Kari Wahlgren, Lex Lang, Christina Vee|author=TWK Admin|date=|work=Teens Wanna Know|accessdate=28 Pebrero 2016|postscript=. Video interview at 4:26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- btva --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|05|17|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature}}''
|Jamie
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;seat42f&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=calbrunker|author=Cal Brunker|number=746380752040796160|title=Excited to share our first teaser poster for #TheNutJob2 @bobbarlen @arnettwill @KatieHeigl @KariWahlgren @fluffyguy|date=24 Hunyo 2016|accessdate=6 Agosto 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|''[[Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel|Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel I. presage flower]]''
|[[Saber (Fate/stay night)|Saber]]
|[[Aniplex of America]] theatrical release
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.threeifbyspace.net/2018/05/fathom-events-and-aniplex-of-america-bring-latest-fate-movie-to-theaters/|title=Fathom and Aniplex of America Bring Latest 'Fate/stay' Movie to Theaters|first=Robert|last=Prentice|date=7 Mayo 2018|website=Three If By Space|accessdate=7 Marso 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''[[Promare]]''
|Lucia Fex
|Limited theatrical release
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-08-27/promare-anime-film-english-dubbed-trailer-streamed/.150465|title=Promare Anime Film's English-dubbed Trailer Streamed (Updated)|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date= 29 Agosto 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}&lt;!-- NEED SOURCE
| {{dts|2017|03|4|format=y}} || ''[[Harvey Beaks]]'' || Michelle Beaks || || {{cn}}
--&gt;

=== Direct-to-video asin television films ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width=95%;  font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+Listahan kan voice performances in direct-to-video asin television films
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Taon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga Nota
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Source&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2002|03|20|format=y}}
|''[[WXIII: Patlabor the Movie 3]]''
|Saeko Misaki
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Animated Movie Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/animatedmoviegui0000beck_f1r9|url-access=registration|last=Beck|first=Jerry|date=2005|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=9781569762226|page=[https://archive.org/details/animatedmoviegui0000beck_f1r9/page/190 190]|authorlink=Jerry Beck}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|11|18|format=y}}
|''[[Cardcaptor Sakura Movie 2: The Sealed Card]]''
|[[Sakura Kinomoto]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;them ccs movie 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=874|title=Card Captor Sakura the Movie 2: The Sealed Card – Review|work=THEM Anime Reviews|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013|last=Laeno|first=Dominic|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002629/http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=874|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|04|06|format=y}}
|''[[Galerians: Rion]]''
|Lilia, Elsa Steiner
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|section=closing credits, featuring the voices of|title=[[Galerians:Rion]]| date = 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|11|23|format=y}}
|''[[Mobile Suit Gundam F91]]''
|Annamarie Bourget
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalacids.com/database/title/452/gundam-f91/|title=Mobile Suit Gundam F91 (movie)|work=Crystal Acids|accessdate=3 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|09|04|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto the Movie: Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow]]''
|Koyuki Kazahana, Yukie Fujikaze
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bestbuy.com/site/naruto-the-movie-ninja-clash-in-the-land-of-snow-dvd/8446666.p?id=1645528&amp;skuId=8446666|title=Naruto: The Movie – Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow (DVD) 2002|work=Bestbuy.com|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233130/http://www.bestbuy.com/site/naruto-the-movie-ninja-clash-in-the-land-of-snow-dvd/8446666.p?id=1645528&amp;skuId=8446666|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|07|06|format=y}}
|''[[The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy|Billy &amp; Mandy: Wrath of the Spider Queen]]''
|Velma Green the Spider Queen
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|07|26|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto the Movie 2: Legend of the Stone of Gelel]]''
|Fugai
|Grouped under Cast
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|date=26 Hulyo 2008|section=closing credits|title=[[Naruto the Movie 2: Legend of the Stone of Gelel]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|08|26|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The Little|Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning||Little Mermaid}}''
|Attina
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|10|07|format=y}}
|''[[Strait Jacket]]''
|Rachel Hammond
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/strait-jacket/oclc/244206876|title=Strait Jacket|oclc=244206876|publisher=Manga Video|date=7 Oktubre 2008|time=English closing credits, English Voice Cast}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.comicmix.com/2008/09/08/strait-jacket-to-make-domestic-debut-on-dvd/|title=Strait Jacket to Make Domestic Debut on DVD|work=Comic Mix|first=Robert|last=Greenberger|authorlink=Robert Greenberger|date=8 Septyembre 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|06|26|format=y}}
|''[[Virtuality (TV series)|Virtuality]]''
|Jean the Computer
|Television pilot
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/virtuality/|title=Virtuality|work=[[The Futon Critic]]|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wherenobloghasgonebefore.blogspot.com/2013/05/a-review-of-virtuality.html|title=A Review of Virtuality|work=Where No Blog Has Gone Before|date=13 Mayo 2013|last=Burnette|first=Bryant}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|10|09|format=y}}
|''Aussie and Ted's Great Adventure''
|Cricket
|Live-action animal
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|01|20|format=y}}
|''[[Hulk Vs|Hulk Vs Thor]]''
|[[Enchantress (Marvel Comics)|Amora/Enchantress]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|01|25|format=y}}
|''[[Dead Space: Aftermath]]''
|Rin, Sandra Burns
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|11|19|format=y}}
|''[[Pixie Hollow Games]]''
|Ivy
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|09|20|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The Disappearance|of Haruhi Suzumiya||Disappearance}}''
|[[List of Haruhi Suzumiya characters#Tsuruya|Tsuruya-san]], [[List of Haruhi Suzumiya characters#Kyon's Sister|Kyon's Little Sister]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|section=closing credits, English Voice Cast|title=[[The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya]]|date=20 Septyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|08|16|format=y}}
|''[[Tinker Bell and the Secret of the Wings]]''
|Receptionist
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|04|16|format=y}}
|''[[Iron Man: Rise of Technovore]]''
|[[Maria Hill]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|07|09|format=y}}
|''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée]]''
|Rosemary
|Digital graphic novel released as DVD Video
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|10|01|format=y}}
|''[[List of Tiger &amp; Bunny episodes#Movies#Tiger and Bunny: The Beginning|Tiger and Bunny: The Beginning]]''
|[[List of Tiger &amp; Bunny characters#Karina Lyle|Karina Lyle/Blue Rose]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|
|-
|{{dts|2014|03|25|format=y}}
|''[[Avengers Confidential: Black Widow and Punisher]]''
|Maria Hill
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|04|01|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The Pirate|Fairy||Pirate Fairy}}''
|Sweetpea, Sydney
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dis411.net/2014/03/23/red-carpet-photos-for-disneys-the-pirate-fairy-premiere-march-22-2014/|title=Red Carpet Photos For Disney's &quot;The Pirate Fairy&quot; Premiere March 22, 2014|publisher=Dis411|date=23 Marso 2014|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014|last=Crooks|first=Amy|archive-date=15 Hulyo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715133601/http://www.dis411.net/2014/03/23/red-carpet-photos-for-disneys-the-pirate-fairy-premiere-march-22-2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- names her role --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|04|22|format=y}}
|''[[Son of Batman]]''
|Rebecca Langstrom
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|02|10|format=y}}
|''[[Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League vs. Bizarro League]]''
|[[Wonder Woman]], [[Bizarra]]
|Grouped under &quot;Starring the Voice Talents of&quot;&lt;!-- according to IGN trailer billing --&gt;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--  trailer shows Kari Wahlgren's name in the star billing &lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|url=http://www.ign.com/videos/2014/11/10/lego-justice-league-vs-bizarro-league-trailer|title=LEGO DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League vs. Bizarro League – Trailer | work = IGN Video | publisher=IGN | date= November 10, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|02|24|format=y}}
|''[[List of Tiger &amp; Bunny episodes#Movies#Tiger and Bunny: The Rising|Tiger and Bunny: The Rising]]''
|Karina Lyle/Blue Rose
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-02-22/tiger-and-bunny-the-movie-the-rising-new-driver-english-dub-clip-streamed/.85283|title=Tiger &amp; Bunny The Movie: The Rising 'New Driver' English Dub Clip Streamed|date=22 Pebrero 2015|accessdate=13 Hulyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|07|21|format=y}}
|''[[Justice League: Gods and Monsters]]''
|[[Bumblebee (comics)|Karen Beecher]]&lt;!-- , [[Livewire (DC Comics)|Livewire]] --&gt;
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.supermansupersite.com/0727338.html|title=The Superman Super Site - July 27, 2015: &quot;Justice League: Gods &amp; Monsters&quot; Blu-ray/DVD Review|author=|date=|work=supermansupersite.com|accessdate=16 Septyembre 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111818/http://www.supermansupersite.com/0727338.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|12|15|format=y}}
|''[[Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Scroll]]''
|Adult Tigress
|short film
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|01|20|format=y}}
|''[[Batman: Bad Blood]]''
|Ms. Bannister, Kori
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|03|01|format=y}}
|''[[Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Cosmic Clash]]''
|[[Saturn Girl]], Ugh
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release|url=http://www.awn.com/news/justice-league-cosmic-clash-lands-blu-ray-march-1|via=Animation World Network|date=9 Disyembre 2015|author=Warner Bros. Home Entertainment|title=‘Justice League: Cosmic Clash’ Lands on Blu-ray March 1|location=Burbank, California|accessdate=10 Disyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|03|29|format=y}}
|''[[Justice League vs. Teen Titans]]''
|[[Starfire (Koriand'r)|Starfire]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/justice-league-vs-teen-titans-roundtable-interviews/|title=&quot;Justice League vs. Teen Titans&quot; Roundtable Interviews - ToonZone News|author=|date=31 Mayo 2016|website=toonzone.net|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133542/http://www.toonzone.net/justice-league-vs-teen-titans-roundtable-interviews/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- BTVA --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|07|25|format=y}}
|''[[Batman: The Killing Joke (film)|Batman: The Killing Joke]]''
|Call Girl
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cast-list&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/movie/batman-the-killing-joke/id1111051505|title=Batman: The Killing Joke on iTunes|website=[[iTunes Store]]|access-date=25 Mayo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|01|31|format=y}}
|''[[Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown]]''
|Midge Gunderson
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|03|31|format=y}}
|''[[Teen Titans: The Judas Contract]]''
|Starfire
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/teen-titans-judas-contract-panel-wondercon-2017/|title=WonderCon: Teen Titans: The Judas Contract Panel|author=|date=31 Marso 2017|website=cbr.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fansided.com/2017/03/21/exclusive-clip-kari-wahlgren-starfire-teen-titans-judas-contract-dc-all-access/|title=Exclusive clip: Kari Wahlgren on her favorite Starfire moment in Teen Titans: The Judas Contract|author=|date=21 Marso 2017|website=fansided.com|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2017|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131545/https://fansided.com/2017/03/21/exclusive-clip-kari-wahlgren-starfire-teen-titans-judas-contract-dc-all-access/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Video games ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width=95%;  font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+List of voice performances in video games
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Taon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga Nota
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Source&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|02|25|format=y}}
|''[[Xenosaga Episode I: Der Wille zur Macht]]''
|
|{{efn|For some reason, the closing credits of this video game did not list the voice actors involved.|name=&quot;no voice actors}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;anime expo 2009&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|08|27|format=y}}
|''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Chaos Bleeds]]''
|[[Willow Rosenberg]]
|First voice-over role in video games
|&lt;ref name=&quot;giving&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2003|12|10|format=y}}
|''[[Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly]]''
|Mio Amakura
|Grouped under Voice Talent
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Tecmo]]|scene=closing credits, 2 minutes in, Voice Talent|title=[[Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly]]|date=10 Disyembre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofhorror.org/game/fatal-frame-ii-crimson-butterfly-2003/|title=Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly (2003)|work=Legends of Horror|access-date= 8 Abril 2020|archive-date= 7 Abril 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407012527/http://www.legendsofhorror.org/game/fatal-frame-ii-crimson-butterfly-2003/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|07|13|format=y}}
|''[[Tales of Symphonia]]''
|[[List of characters in Tales of Symphonia#Raine Sage|Raine Sage]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|08|format=y}}
|''[[Halo 2]]'' (''[[I Love Bees]]'' promotional edition)
|Janissary &quot;Jan&quot; James
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- original article credited her under halo 2 but does not show in main credits for that, wikia shows she is credited for I Love Bees version --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|editor-first1=John F.|editor-last1=Barber|url=http://www.radionouspace.net/archives-ilovebees.html|title=Archives – I Love Bees|work=radio nouspace|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820094919/http://www.radionouspace.net/archives-ilovebees.html|archivedate=20 Agosto 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|09|27|format=y}}
|''[[Shadow Hearts: Covenant]]''
|Karin Koenig
|as Jennifer Jean
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2004|11|10|format=y}}
|''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game)|Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]''
|White-Faced Jane
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;joe-mammy interview&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;not afraid&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Adrenium Games]]|scene=closing credits|title=[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game)|Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]|date=10 Nobyembre 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|02|15|format=y}}
|''[[Xenosaga Episode II: Jenseits von Gut und Böse]]''
|Febronia, Pellegri
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|04|05|format=y}}
|''[[SWAT 4]]''
|Dispatch, 911 Operator, TV Reporter, Female Hostage 2
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|format=PDF|url=https://manualmachine.com/games-pc/swat-4/1119524-user-manual/|title=SWAT 4 User Manual|page=29, Voice Actors|via=Manual Machine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|05|03|format=y}}
|''[[Everybody's Golf Portable|Hot Shots Golf: Open Tee]]''
|&lt;!-- Mika, Julie --&gt;
|Grouped under Voice Actors
Also ''[[Everybody's Golf Portable 2|Hot Shots Golf: Open Tee 2]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=''[[Everybody's Golf Portable|Hot Shots Golf Open Tee]]''|developer=[[Clap Hanz]]|scene=Credits, Voice Production, Voice Actors|publication-date=3 Mayo 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|05|04|format=y}}
|''[[Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game)|Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith]]''
|Serra Keto
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2005|11|01|format=y}}
|''[[From Russia with Love (video game)|James Bond 007: From Russia with Love]]''
|[[Tatiana Romanova]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|04|12|format=y}}
|''[[Samurai Champloo: Sidetracked]]''
|[[List of Samurai Champloo characters#Fuu Kasami|Fuu Kasumi]]
|as Kay Jensen
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=12 Abril 2006|developer=Bandai|scene=closing credits, English Voice Cast|title=[[Samurai Champloo: Sidetracked]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|08|15|format=y}}
|''[[Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII]]''
|[[Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series#Shelke the Transparent|Shelke Rui]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|08|29|format=y}}
|''[[Xenosaga Episode III: Also sprach Zarathustra]]''
|Febronia, Pellegri
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|09|19|format=y}}
|''[[Open Season (video game)|Open Season]]''
|Beth, Giselle
|Grouped under Voice Talent
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/ps2/open-season/credits|title=Open Season (PlayStation 2)|work=MobyGames|accessdate=5 Septyembre 2014|last=Hogue|first=Laurent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- credits posting by Laurent Hogue, a developer on the game --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|17|format=y}}
|''[[Justice League Heroes]]''
|[[Zatanna]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGN jeanne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/04/justice-league-speak-up|title=Justice League Speak Up|date=4 Mayo 2006|work=IGN|first=Daemon|last=Hatfield}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|17|format=y}}
|''[[Tokobot|Tokobot Plus: Mysteries of the Karakuri]]''
|Ruby, Aria
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=17 Oktubre 2006|developer=[[Tecmo]]|scene=closing credits, 1 minute in, USA Version, Tokobot Plus English VO, Voice Talent|title=[[Tokobot|Tokobot Plus: Mysteries of the Karakuri]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|24|format=y}}
|''[[.hack//G.U.|.hack//G.U. vol. 1//Rebirth]]''
|Shino, Kaede
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|24|format=y}}
|''[[Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption]]''
|Silri
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/star-wars-empire-at-war-forces-of-corruption-designer-diary-5-the-sounds-of-corruption/1100-6159916/|title=Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption Designer Diary #5 – The Sounds of Corruption|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=17 Oktubre 2006|last=Klepacki|first=Frank|authorlink=Frank Klepacki|quote=Kari Wahlgren as Silri was spot on with the natural blend of sexy and psycho tones to her voice, adding to her character the feeling she was a raging loose cannon.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|27|format=y}}
|''[[Guild Wars Nightfall]]''
|Tahlkora
|Grouped under Voice Actors
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=ftp://ftp.guildwars.com/downloads/gwn-manual-en.pdf|title=Guild Wars Nightfall Manuscript|page=145|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|10|31|format=y}}
|''[[Final Fantasy XII]]''
|[[Ashelia B'nargin Dalmasca|Ashe]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|11|13|format=y}}
|''[[Dead or Alive Xtreme 2]]''
|[[Kasumi (Dead or Alive)|Kasumi]], Niki
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=13 Nobyembre 2006|developer=[[Team Ninja]]|scene=closing credits, 1:30 in, English Voiceover Cast|title=[[Dead or Alive Xtreme 2]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2006|12|05|format=y}}
|''[[Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops]]''
|[[List of Metal Gear Acid characters#Teliko Friedman|Teliko Friedman]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|01|30|format=y}}
|''[[Rogue Galaxy]]''
|Lilika
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;voices.com&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|03|20|format=y}}
|''[[Armored Core 4]]''
|Fiona Jarnefeldt
|
|&amp;nbsp;
|-
|{{dts|2007|05|02|format=y}}
|''[[Spider-Man 3 (video game)|Spider-Man 3]]''
|[[Mary Jane Watson]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IGN jeanne&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|05|08|format=y}}
|''[[.hack//G.U.|.hack//G.U. vol. 2//Reminisce]]''
|Kaede
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|06|25|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Darkness|The Darkness (video game)}}''
|Young Jenny
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;giving&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|06|29|format=y}}
|''[[Project Sylpheed]]''
|Ellen Bernstein
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=29 Hunyo 2007|developer=[[Game Arts]], [[SETA Corporation|SETA]]|scene=closing credits|title=[[Project Sylpheed]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|08|21|format=y}}
|''[[Jeanne d'Arc (video game)|Jeanne d'Arc]]''
|[[Jeanne d'Arc]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGN jeanne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.siliconera.com/2007/08/01/talking-with-the-voice-of-jeanne-d’arc|title=Talking with the voice of Jeanne D’arc|work=Siliconera|date=1 Agosto 2007|last=Yip|first=Spencer}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|08|28|format=y}}
|''[[Guild Wars: Eye of the North]]''
|Gwen
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mmorpg guild wars 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmorpg.com/gamelist.cfm?game=473&amp;view=news&amp;page=22&amp;read=15769|title=Guild Wars 2 News – Exclusive Voices of Tyria Trailer!|work=MMORPG.com|date=16 Disyembre 2009|last=Bitten|first=Michael}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|09|08|format=y}}
|''[[.hack//G.U.|.hack//G.U. vol. 3//Redemption]]''
|Shino, Kaede
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2007|10|05|format=y}}
|''[[Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions]]''
|Ovelia
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|01|22|format=y}}
|''[[No More Heroes (video game)|No More Heroes]]''
|[[List of No More Heroes characters#Jeane|Jeane]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|06|03|format=y}}
|''[[Ninja Gaiden II (2008 video game)|Ninja Gaiden II]]''
|[[List of Ninja Gaiden characters#Sonia|Sonia]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Team Ninja]]|scene=closing credits, 1:40 in, Ninja Gaiden 2 Cast – English Voice Actors|title=[[Ninja Gaiden II (2008 video game)|Ninja Gaiden II]]|date=3 Hunyo 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|06|12|format=y}}
|''[[Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots]]''
|Enemy Soldiers
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|08|19|format=y}}
|''[[Too Human]]''
|Nyanna
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Silicon Knights]]|scene=closing credits, Cast|title=[[Too Human]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|08|30|format=y}}
|''[[Valkyria Chronicles]]''
|Irene Ellet
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|09|16|format=y}}
|''[[Star Wars: The Force Unleashed]]''
|Darth Phobos
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|12|02|format=y}}
|''[[Prince of Persia (2008 video game)|Prince of Persia]]''
|[[List of Prince of Persia characters#Elika|Elika]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;otaku news 2008&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|01|27|format=y}}
|''[[Afro Samurai (video game)|Afro Samurai]]''
|Young Afro Samurai
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|06|02|format=y}}
|''[[Red Faction: Guerrilla]]''
|Samanya
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Volition (company)]]|title=[[Red Faction: Guerrilla]]|date=2 Hunyo 2009|scene=closing credits, 3:30 in, Voice Actors, Featuring}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|06|09|format=y}}
|''[[Prototype (video game)|Prototype]]''
|Elizabeth Greene, The Mother, miscellaneous voices
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;411mania&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.411mania.com/games/columns/272369|title=The 8 Ball 2.05.13: Top 8 Video Game Voice Actresses|work=411mania.com|date=5 Pebrero 2013|last=Morrison|first=Marc|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905235649/http://www.411mania.com/games/columns/272369|archivedate=5 Septyembre 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=9 Hunyo 2009|developer=[[Radical Entertainment]]|scene=closing credits, 1:45 in, Voice Cast|title=[[Prototype (video game)|Prototype]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|09|29|format=y}}
|''[[Ninja Gaiden Sigma 2]]''
|Irene Lew, Sonia
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|10|13|format=y}}
|''[[Brütal Legend]]''
|Dominatrices
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Brutal-Legend/|title=Behind The Voice Actors – Brutal Legend|work=Behind The Voice Actors}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|10|27|format=y}}
|''[[Ben 10 Alien Force: Vilgax Attacks]]''
|Charmcaster
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|11|17|format=y}}
|''[[Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles]]''
|Others
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Resident-Evil-The-Darkside-Chronicles/|title=Behind The Voice Actors – Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles|work=Behind The Voice Actors}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|12|03|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Saboteur|The Saboteur (2009 video game)}}''
|Skylar
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=3 Disyembre 2009|developer=[[Pandemic Studios]]|scene=closing credits, 3:30 in, Voice Over Cast|title=[[The Saboteur (2009 video game)|The Saboteur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2009|12|27|format=y}}
|''[[Ratchet &amp; Clank Future: A Crack In Time]]''
|Carina
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|02|02|format=y}}
|''[[White Knight Chronicles]]''
|Princess Cisna
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|02|09|format=y}}
|''[[BioShock 2]]''
|Barbara Johnson
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|03|09|format=y}}
|''[[Final Fantasy XIII]]''
|Cocoon Inhabitants
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=Square Enix|scene=Closing credits, 2:15 minutes in, Cocoon Inhabitants|title=[[Final Fantasy XIII]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|03|16|format=y}}
|''[[Resonance of Fate]]''
|Cochet
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=16 Marso 2010|developer=[[tri-Ace]]|scene=closing credits, 1 minute in, Voice Cast (English/Japanese)|title=[[Resonance of Fate]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|03|30|format=y}}
|''[[Dead or Alive Paradise]]''
|Kasumi, [[List of Dead or Alive characters#Niki|Niki]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|06|22|format=y}}
|''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron]]''
|[[Arcee]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|06|25|format=y}}
|''[[Singularity (video game)|Singularity]]''
|Kathryn Norvikova
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|09|30|format=y}}
|''[[Final Fantasy XIV (2010 video game)|Final Fantasy XIV]]''
|Cast
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=Final Fantasy XIV|developer=[[Square Enix]]|publisher=Square Enix|scene=Closing credits, 4:50 in, Cast| date = 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|10|19|format=y}}
|''[[Vanquish (video game)|Vanquish]]''
|Elena Ivanova
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2010|11|26|format=y}}
|''[[Tron: Evolution]]''
|Radia
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|02|15|format=y}}
|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds]]''
|[[Jill Valentine]]
|Grouped under Voice Talent
|&lt;ref name=&quot;411mania&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=15 Pebrero 2011|developer=[[Capcom]]|scene=closing credits, 2:44 in, Voice Talent|title=[[Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|05|20|format=y}}
|''[[Dead or Alive: Dimensions]]''
|Kasumi, Kasumi Alpha, [[List of Dead or Alive characters#Ayame|Ayame]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|06|09|format=y}}
|''[[White Knight Chronicles II]]''
|Princess Cisna
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|09|27|format=y}}
|''[[X-Men: Destiny]]''
|[[Emma Frost]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|10|11|format=y}}
|''[[Ace Combat: Assault Horizon]]''
|Janice Rehl
|Also [[Motion capture|performance capture]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=11 Oktubre 2011|developer=[[Namco]]|scene=closing credits, English Voices and Performance Capture (Alphabetical Order)|title=[[Ace Combat: Assault Horizon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|10|18|format=y}}
|''[[Batman: Arkham City]]''
|[[League of Assassins|League of Assassins Members]][[Vicki Vale]] (''Revenge'')
|Grouped under Voice Over Actors
Also in ''[[Harley Quinn's Revenge]]'' expansion pack
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Rocksteady Studios]]|scene=closing credits, 8 minutes in, Voice Over Actors|title=[[Batman: Arkham City]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]|date=18 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;polygon rock stars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/features/2013/4/2/4104160/why-arent-video-game-actors-treated-like-stars|title=Why aren't video game actors treated like stars?|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=2 Abril 2013|first=David|last=Griner}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|11|11|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim}}''
|Vex
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|11|15|format=y}}
|''[[Saints Row: The Third]]''
|Pedestrian and Character Voices
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Saints-Row-The-Third/|title=Behind The Voice Actors – Saints Row: The Third|work=Behind The Voice Actors|accessdate=3 Nobyembre 2014}} – check mark shows screen shot of closing credits where she is listed&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|11|15|format=y}}
|''[[Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3]]''
|Jill Valentine
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;411mania&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2011|12|20|format=y}}
|''[[Star Wars: The Old Republic]]''
|Jedi Knight Female
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=20 Disyembre 2011|developer=[[BioWare]]|publisher=[[Electronic Arts]], [[LucasArts]]|title=[[Star Wars: The Old Republic]]|scene=closing credits, 9:50 in, English Cast}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|02|21|format=y}}
|''[[Asura's Wrath]]''
|Mithra
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|03|13|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Generations]]''
|Tayuya
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pumped&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centralfloridafuture.com/news/view.php/740603/Anime-lovers-pumped-for-Orlando-conventi|title=Anime lovers pumped for Orlando convention this summer|work=Central Florida Future|date=11 Hunyo 2014|last=Rhodes|first=Adam|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810154633/http://www.centralfloridafuture.com/news/view.php/740603/Anime-lovers-pumped-for-Orlando-conventi|archivedate=10 Agosto 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|03|23|format=y}}
|''[[Kid Icarus: Uprising]]''
|Gaol, Phosphora
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|04|03|format=y}}
|''[[Kinect Star Wars]]''
|Intercom, PC Female Pilot, pad1
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/games/mgsgamecatalog/kinectstarwars.aspx|title=Kinect Star Wars Credits|work=Microsoft Game Studios|date=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|06|26|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Amazing Spider-Man|The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 video game)}}''
|[[Gwen Stacy]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|07|03|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Secret World}}''
|Kirsten Geary, Tanis
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Funcom]]|scene=closing credits, Cast|title=[[The Secret World]]|publisher=[[Electronic Arts]]|date=13 Hunyo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- https://youtube.com/watch?v=KJvjG8fxMUg --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|07|12|format=y}}
|''Infex''
|Ivy
|Interactive graphic novel
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video|author=PCB Productions|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=ZXxQt_FNMPw|work=YouTube|date=23 Hulyo 2012|title=Infex Interviews 1|at=0:59}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video|author=PCB Productions|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=eNs-EtWttEE|work=YouTube|date=30 Hunyo 2012|title=Infex Interviews 2|at=1:35}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|07|20|format=y}}
|''[[Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance]]''
|The Grid
|Grouped under &quot;Featuring the Disney Character voice talents of&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=''[[Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance]]''|developer=Square Enix|date=20 Hulyo 2012|scene=Closing credits, 2 minutes in, Cast}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|08|28|format=y}}
|''[[Guild Wars 2]]''
|Caithe
|Grouped under Voice Talent
|&lt;ref name=&quot;mmorpg guild wars 2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Game_credits#Voice_Talent|title=Game credits – voice talent|work=Guild Wars 2 Official Wiki|accessdate=4 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Te4FK_6JLwE|title=Guild Wars 2 – Behind the Scenes: Giving Tyria a Voice|date=16 Disyembre 2009|work=YouTube|time=3:13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2012|11|06|format=y}}
|''[[Halo 4]]''
|Ivanoff, System Voice
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/games/mgsgamecatalog/halo4_credits.aspx|title=Halo 4 Credits|work=Microsoft Game Studios|accessdate=21 Nobyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|02|19|format=y}}
|''[[Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance]]''
|Courtney Collins
|Nominated – 2013 BTVA Voice Acting Award
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2013 video games&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|03|05|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3]]''
|[[List of Naruto characters#Fū|Fuu]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|06|04|format=y}}
|''[[Marvel Heroes (video game)|Marvel Heroes]]''
|[[Emma Frost]], [[Tabitha Smith|Boom-Boom]], [[Clea]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|06|14|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Last of Us}}''
|Voice Over Cast
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/The-Last-of-Us/|title=Behind The Voice Actors – The Last of Us|work=Behind The Voice Actors}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- specific roles not named in closing credits --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|08|23|format=y}}
|''{{sortname|The|Wonderful 101}}''
|[[Wonder-Green]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|10|13|format=y}}
|''[[Skylanders: Swap Force]]''
|Tessa
|Grouped under Voice Talent
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=13 Oktubre 2013|developer=[[Vicarious Visions]]|scene=closing credits, 8 minutes in, VO Production by Soundelux, Voice Actors|title=[[Skylanders: Swap Force]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|10|22|format=y}}
|''[[Lego Marvel Super Heroes]]''
|[[Aunt May]], [[Emma Frost]], [[Gwen Stacy]]
|Grouped as VO Talent
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|date=22 Oktubre 2013|developer=[[TT Games]]|scene=closing credits, 9 minutes in, VO Talent|title=[[Lego Marvel Super Heroes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- specific roles not named in closing credits--&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|09|16|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Revolution]]''
|Fuu
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Revolution]]| date = 2014|scene=Closing credits, 1:12 in, English Cast|developer=[[CyberConnect2]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|10|05|format=y}}
|''[[Skylanders: Trap Team]]''
|Tessa
|Grouped under Voice Actors
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|scene=Closing credits, 8:40 in, Voice Actors|title=[[Skylanders: Trap Team]]|developer=[[Toys for Bob]]|publisher=[[Activision]]| date = 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=KariWahlgren|number=396800770592358400 &lt;!-- https://twitter.com/KariWahlgren/status/396800770592358400 --&gt;|title=Replies on comment about her character Tessa on Skylanders: Trap Team: &quot;Thank you!! Really love the character!&quot;|name=Kari Wahlgren|date=2 Nobyembre 2013|accessdate=30 Disyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2014|11|11|format=y}}
|''[[Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham]]''
|Supergirl, Black Canary, Hawkgirl, Indigo-1, Wonder Girl, and Zatanna
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/supergirl-actress-162994/|title=Who's Played Supergirl? Here's Every Actress Who's Worn the Cape|first=Ed|last=Gross|date=10 Hulyo 2018|work=[[Closer Weekly]]|accessdate=7 Marso 2019}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|03|15|format=y}}
|''[[Code Name: S.T.E.A.M.]]''
|[[Tiger Lily (Peter Pan)|Tiger Lily]], Victoria, [[Princess Ozma|Ozma]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Intelligent Systems]]|scene=Credits,  Voice|title=[[Code Name: S.T.E.A.M.]]|publisher=[[Nintendo]]|date=15 Marso 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|09|25|format=y}}
|''[[Skylanders: SuperChargers]]''
|Tessa
|Grouped under Voice Actors
Reprising roles{{efn|Skylanders roles are reprising for later releases.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_28243242/skylanders-add-vehicles-next-game-skylanders-superchargers|title='Skylanders' to add vehicles in next game, 'Skylanders SuperChargers'|first=Derrick J.|last=Lang|date=3 Hunyo 2015 | agency=[[Associated Press]]|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|accessdate=30 Septyembre 2015|quote=The next &quot;Skylanders&quot; entry will also add 20 new characters to the roster of more than 300 heroes that have been released since the original &quot;Spyro's Adventure.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=&quot;reprising&quot;}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Vicarious Visions]]|publisher=[[Activision]]|scene=Closing credits, 7:13 in, Voice Actors|title=[[Skylanders: SuperChargers]]| date = 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|10|27|format=y}}
|''[[Halo 5: Guardians]]''
|System Voice
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[343 Industries]]|publisher=[[Microsoft Studios]]|title=[[Halo 5: Guardians]]|scene=Closing credits, 7 minutes in, Main Voice and Performance Cast|access-date=28 Oktubre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2015|11|12|format=y}}
|''[[Fallout 4]]''
|Proctor Ingram
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|developer=[[Bethesda Game Studios]]|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]]|title=[[Fallout 4]]|scene=Closing credits, 2 minutes in, Voice &amp; Music|access-date=31 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|02|09|format=y}}
|''[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4]]''
|Hanabi Hyuga, Fuu
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=[[Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4]]| date = 2016|scene=Closing credits, 0:48 in, English Cast|developer=[[CyberConnect2]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|04|26|format=y}}
|''[[King's Quest (2015 video game)|King's Quest - Chapter III: Once Upon A Climb]]''
|Princess Vee, Bramble Fey
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=[[King's Quest (2015 video game)|King's Quest - Chapter III: Once Upon A Climb]]|developer=[[The Odd Gentlemen]]|publisher=[[Sierra Entertainment]]| date = 2016|scene=Closing credits, 1 min in, Cast}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|08|25|format=y}}
|''[[Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars]]''
|Human Advisor, GNN Anchor
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|title=Master of Orion trailer reveals a cast of sci-fi stars|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/master-of-orion-trailer-reveals-a-cast-of-sci-fi-stars/|magazine=[[PC Gamer]]|last=Chalk|first=Andy|date=17 Pebrero 2016|accessdate=19 Pebrero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|09|13|format=y}}
|''[[Minecraft: Story Mode]]''
|Mevia, Val
|Ep. &quot;A Journey's End&quot;, Ep. Below the Bedrock
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/minecraft-story-mode-a-telltale-games-series/minecraft-story-mode-episode-8-release-date|title=Minecraft: Story Mode Episode 8: 'A Journey's End' releases September 13|author=|date=|work=pcgamesn.com|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|10|25|format=y}}
|''[[World of Final Fantasy]]''
|Shelke Rui
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2016|11|29|format=y}}
|''[[Final Fantasy XV]]''
|[[Characters of Final Fantasy XV#Aranea Highwind|Aranea Highwind]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idigitaltimes.com/final-fantasy-xv-english-voice-cast-announced-new-trailer-video-552012|title='Final Fantasy XV' English Voice Cast Announced In New Trailer [VIDEO]|date=22 Agosto 2016|work=[[IDigitalTimes]]|publisher=[[IBT Media]]|first=ND|last=Medina|accessdate=30 Agosto 2016|archive-date=25 Agosto 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825044604/http://www.idigitaltimes.com/final-fantasy-xv-english-voice-cast-announced-new-trailer-video-552012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- also BTVA --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wave newspapers&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|05|16|format=y}}
|''[[Injustice 2]]''
|[[Starfire (Koriand'r)|Starfire]]
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://attackofthefanboy.com/news/injustice-2-starfire-will-be-voiced-by-familiar-actor/|title=Injustice 2's Starfire Will Be Voiced By Familiar Actress|work=Attack of the Fanboy|first=Dean|last=James|date=7 Mayo 2017|accessdate=5 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- BTVA uses self-pub tweet --&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2018|10|16|format=y}}
|''[[Lego DC Super-Villains]]''
|English Voice Talent
|&amp;nbsp;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite video game|title=[[Lego DC Super-Villains]]|developer=[[Traveller's Tales]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]| date = 2018|scene=Closing credits, 8 minutes in, English Voice Talent}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2019|04|23|format=y}}
|''[[Mortal Kombat 11]]''
|[[Kitana]]
|Credited under English Voice Talent
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=domcianciolo|number=1120689390664278016|title=As many folks have guessed, #mk11 Kitana VO is performed by @KariWahlgren!|first=Dominic|last=Cianciolo|date=23 Abril 2019|accessdate=23 Abril 2019}} &amp;#x2013; Dominic Cianciolo is a voice director at [[NetherRealm Studios]] which did the voice acting for ''[[Mortal Kombat 11]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2019|06|18|format=y}}
|''[[Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night]]''
|Gremory
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2019|07|19|format=y}}
|''[[Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order]]''
|[[Elsa Bloodstone]], Proxima Midnight, [[Wasp (comics)|Wasp]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot; /&gt;
|}

==Live-action na pilmograpiya==
=== Telebisyon ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Lista sa mga pagpakita nga mga pagpakita sa telebisyon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Tuig
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga pagpasabut
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Gigikanan
|-
|2010–11
|''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]''
|Helen
|TV series, episodes:
&quot;[[Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)#ep81|Alex Gives Up]]&quot; &quot;[[Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)#ep84|Three Maxes and a Little Lady]]&quot;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|series=Wizards of Waverly Place|serieslink=Wizards of Waverly Place|season=4|number=2|title=Alex Gives Up|episodelink=Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)#ep81}} – closing credits&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Three Maxes and a Little Lady|episodelink=Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)#ep84|series=Wizards of Waverly Place|serieslink=Wizards of Waverly Place|season=4|number=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- wizards episodes confirmed on Netflix --&gt;
|-
|2012
|''[[Criminal Minds]]''
|Rena Tracey
|TV series, episode:
&quot;[[Criminal Minds (season 8)#ep9|Magnificent Light]]&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode|title=Magnificent Light|episodelink=Criminal Minds (season 8)#ep9|series=Criminal Minds|serieslink=Criminal Minds|season=8|number=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2017|07|29|format=y}}
|''[[Nicky, Ricky, Dicky &amp; Dawn]]''
|YOCO (voice)
|Ep. &quot;[[List of Nicky, Ricky, Dicky, &amp; Dawn episodes#ep67|YOCO]]&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|first=Kari|last=Wahlgren|user=KariWahlgren|number=891083863149092864|title=&quot;Nicky,Ricky,Dicky &amp; Dawn&quot; set! I play the voice of YOCO,the quints new smart device. Airs tomorrow at 8/7pm on @Nickelodeon #FridayFeeling|date=28 Hulyo 2017|accessdate=15 Oktubre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Pelikula ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+List of acting appearances on film
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Taon
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Mga Nota
! style=&quot;background:#b0c4de;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Hinalean
|-
|2003
|''[[Neverland (film)|Neverland]]''
|Tinker Bell
|Feature film
|&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety neverland&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/290234/Neverland-New-Media-/overview|title=Neverland (New Media) 2003 – Review Summary|work=New York Times|agency=Rovi (All Movie Guide)|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013|last=Cooper|first=Tracie|archive-date=19 Disyembre 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219175005/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/290234/Neverland-New-Media-/overview|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2008|07|03|format=y}}
|''[[Adventures in Voice Acting]]''
|Herself
|Documentary film on voice acting
|&lt;ref name=&quot;otaku news 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gaiaonline.com/forum/anime-manga-comics/voice-actors-dvd-o_o-this-week-bob-papenbrook-again/t.16077705_841/|title=Voice Actors DVD o_O *this week: Bob Papenbrook.. again!* &amp;#124; Page 57 &amp;#124; Forum|publisher=Gaia Online|date=2 Septyembre 2008|accessdate=21 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- old announcement of DVD which shows she participated in it --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.adventuresinvoiceacting.com/about-aiva-vol1|title=Adventures in Voice acting|work=Spotlight Entertainment|accessdate=4 Pebrero 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115090315/http://www.adventuresinvoiceacting.com/about-aiva-vol1|archive-date=15 Enero 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{dts|2013|12|format=y}}
|''[[I Know That Voice]]''
|Herself
|Documentary film on voice acting
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://laughingsquid.com/i-know-that-voice-a-documentary-about-the-world-of-voice-acting/|title=I Know That Voice, A Documentary About the World of Voice Acting|work=Laughing Squid|accessdate=6 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- also actual video --&gt;
|-
|2017
|''Girl #2''
|
|Writer, Executive Producer
Short film, festival release
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.girl2movie.com/cast-and-crew/|title=Cast and Crew|author=|date=|website=Girl #2|accessdate=12 Marso 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://festivalforhorror.com/2017/09/16/get-to-know-the-short-film-girl-2-9min-usa-horrorcomedy/|title=Get to know the short film: GIRL #2, 9min, USA, Horror/Comedy|author=|date=16 Septyembre 2017|website=festivalforhorror.com|accessdate=12 Marso 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Ibang pagluwas ===

* [[Swiffer]] TV commercial – Mud Girl for Swiffer WetJet&lt;ref name=&quot;scholarship&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www3.creators.com/lifestylefeatures/fashion-and-entertainment/hollywood-exclusive/release-saturday-july-23-24-2011.html|title=Release: Saturday, July 23–24, 2011|first1=Marilyn|last1=Beck|first2=Stacy Jenel|last2=Smith|authorlink1=Marilyn Beck|work=Hollywood Exclusive by Marilyn Beck &amp; Stacy Jenel Smith|publisher=Creators.com|date=30 Septyembre 2011|accessdate=19 Agosto 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821085929/http://www3.creators.com/lifestylefeatures/fashion-and-entertainment/hollywood-exclusive/release-saturday-july-23-24-2011.html|archivedate=21 Agosto 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Tabletop (web series)|TableTop]]'' web series – Herself (season 2, episode 8)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Kim|last=Genly|url=http://geekandsundry.com/shows/tabletop/star-trek-catan-jeri-ryan-kari-wahlgren-and-ryan-wheaton-join-wil-on-tablet/|title=Star Trek Catan: Jeri Ryan, Kari Wahlgren, and Ryan Wheaton join Wil on TableTop SE2E08|publisher=Tabletop.geekandsundry.com|date=|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109101223/http://geekandsundry.com/shows/tabletop/star-trek-catan-jeri-ryan-kari-wahlgren-and-ryan-wheaton-join-wil-on-tablet|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga Nota==
{{notelist}}

==Mga toltolan==
{{Mga kasarigan|refs=&lt;ref name=&quot;resume&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.kariwahlgren.net/resume_vo.html | title=Resume – Kari Wahlgren – Animated Cartoons: Features &amp; Television Voice Work (Selected) ; CD-ROMS / Video Games | work=KariWahlgren.net (Kari Wahlgren official site) | accessdate=26 Nobyembre 2013 | archive-date=5 Nobyembre 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105030717/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/resume_vo.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;voices kari&quot;&gt;{{Cite news | url = http://www.lawrence.com/news/2006/apr/21/voices_kari/ | title = Voices Kari – KU Grad becomes the go-to voice for animation and video games  | first = Jon | last = Niccum | date = 21 Abril 2006 | newspaper = [[Lawrence Journal-World]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | time=Check mark indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources | url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Kari-Wahlgren/ | title=Kari Wahlgren | work=Behind The Voice Actors | accessdate=9 Oktubre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- copy of article at  http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2006/apr/21/voices_kari/   - RS local newspaper --&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;anime tourist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20020328134356/http://www.animetourist.com/article1039.html | archivedate= 28 Marso 2002 | url-status             = dead | url = http://www.animetourist.com/article1039.html  | title = Anime Tourist Interview: Behind the Scenes of FLCL. | work = Anime Tourist | date = 2002 }}- conducted in January 2002&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeng 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jeng |first=Way |url=http://www.mania.com/being-brief-discussion-anime-dubs-ai-yori-aoshi-enishi-volume-two_article_84201.html |title=Being a Brief Discussion of Anime Dubs: Ai Yori Aoshi: Enishi, Volume Two |work=Mania |publisher=[[Demand Media]] |date=14 Septyembre 2004 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105010024/http://www.mania.com/being-brief-discussion-anime-dubs-ai-yori-aoshi-enishi-volume-two_article_84201.html |archivedate=5 Nobyembre 2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;divers last exile&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/last-exile/dvd-1 |first=Allen |last=Divers |title=Last Exile DVD 1 – Review |work=Anime News Network |date=5 Pebrero 2004 |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ann champloo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/samurai-champloo/dvd-2 |first=Carlo |last=Santos |title=Samurai Champloo DVD 2 – Review |work=Anime News Network |date=13 Mayo 2005 |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ann scrapped 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/scrapped-princess/dvd-1 |first=Theron |last=Martin |title=Scrapped Princess DVD 1 – Review |work=Anime News Network |date=26 Mayo 2005 |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;mania dubbies 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mania.com/2008-anime-dubbies-award_article_113802.html |title=2008 Anime Dubbies Award |publisher=Mania.com |date=20 Marso 2009 |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218002358/http://www.mania.com/2008-anime-dubbies-award_article_113802.html |archivedate=18 Pebrero 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;theron martin 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2012-01-05 |first=Theron |last=Martin |title=Anime in America: The Best (and Most Notable) of 2011 |work=Anime News Network |date=5 Enero 2012 |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2011 anime&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-awards/2011/anime/ |title=1st Annual BTVA Voice Acting Awards – 2011 – Anime |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva anime dub 2013 movies&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-anime-awards/2013/movies/ |title=2nd Annual BTVA Anime Dub Awards – 2013 – Movies |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva anime dub 2013 television&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-anime-awards/2013/television/ |title=2nd Annual BTVA Anime Dub Awards – 2013 – Television |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;joe-mammy interview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.joe-mammy.com/pages/features/kari-wahlgren/kari-wahlgren.htm |title=Features :: Kari Wahlgren |publisher=Joe-Mammy.com |date= |accessdate=21 Agosto 2014 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233354/http://www.joe-mammy.com/pages/features/kari-wahlgren/kari-wahlgren.htm |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;voices.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.voices.com/voxdaily/2006/07/kari_wahlgren_voice_actor_chat.html |title=Kari Wahlgren, voice actor, Chats with Voices.com |work=Vox Daily |publisher=Voices.com |date=4 Hulyo 2006 |first=Stephanie |last=Ciccarelli |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014 |archive-date=2014-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823001217/http://blogs.voices.com/voxdaily/2006/07/kari_wahlgren_voice_actor_chat.html |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2012 television&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-awards/2012/television/ |title=2nd Annual BTVA Voice Acting Awards – 2012 – Television |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2013 television&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-awards/2013/television/ |title=3rd Annual BTVA Voice Acting Awards – 2013 – Television |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |date= |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;giving&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hatfield |first=Daemon |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/06/20/giving-voice-to-games |title=Giving Voice to Games |website=IGN |date=20 Hunyo 2006 |accessdate=21 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;not afraid&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/01/06/Not-Afraid-To-Be-Strong-A-Conversation-with-Kari-Wahlgren/ |title=Square Haven News / Not Afraid To Be Strong: A Conversation with Kari Wahlgren |publisher=Squarehaven.com |date= |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014 |archive-date=2014-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821062320/http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/01/06/Not-Afraid-To-Be-Strong-A-Conversation-with-Kari-Wahlgren/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;btva voice acting 2013 video games&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-awards/2013/video-games/ |title=3rd Annual BTVA Voice Acting Awards – 2013 – Video Games |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |accessdate=20 Agosto 2014 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109011246/http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/btva-awards/2013/video-games/ |archivedate=9 Nobyembre 2014  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;variety neverland&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|first=David |last=Rooney |url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/neverland-2-1200541112/ |title=Neverland |magazine=Variety |date=13 Hunyo 2003 |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;scholarship&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theatre.ku.edu/kari-wahlgren-theatre-scholarship |title=Kari Wahlgren Theatre Scholarship &amp;#124; Department of Theatre |publisher=Theatre.ku.edu |date= |accessdate=19 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

=== Books cited ===

* {{Cite magazine|title=Portrait of a Voiceover Actress [interview]|first=Ray|last=Sidman|magazine=[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]|issue=1631|publication-date= Agosto 2007|pages=36–38}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YX_daEhlnbsC|title=Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010|last=Terrace|first=Vincent|publisher=McFarland| date = 2008|isbn=9780786486410|edition=2d|ref={{harvid|Terrace|2008}}}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1RTP8thtR0C|title=Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S.|publisher=McFarland| date = 2011|isbn=9780786486946|pages=172–173|ref={{harvid|Hischak|2011}}}}

=== Ibang mga toltolan ===

* [http://www.g4tv.com/videos/26660/will-work-for-games-voice-over-artist/ G4TV &quot;Will Work for Games&quot; Interview with Kari Wahlgren (June 27, 2008)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021944/http://www.g4tv.com/videos/26660/will-work-for-games-voice-over-artist/ |date=13 Pebrero 2018 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821052942/http://my.voiceacting.co.uk/site/2008/09/07/kari-wahlgren-interview/ Kari Wahlgren Interview (September 7, 2008)] at Voiceacting.co.uk

==Panluwas na takod==

* {{Official website|http://www.kariwahlgren.net}}
* {{ann|people|531}}
* [http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/kari-wahlgren/ Kari Wahlgren] at Behind The Voice Actors
* [http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/4676/kari-wahlgren/ Kari Wahlgren], [http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/2135/jennifer-jean/ Jennifer Jean] and [http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/2145/kay-jensen/ Kay Jensen] at CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database
* {{IMDb name|id=1312566}}</text>
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      <text bytes="187395" sha1="pyjri0pkowu6gb3uomkayn3drh58m14" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Jennifer Lopez|Img=TIFF 2019 jlo (1 of 1)-2 (48696671561) (cropped).jpg|Img_capt=Si Jennifer Lopez niadtong 2019|Background=solo_singer|Birth_name=Jennifer Lynn Lopez|Legal_name=Jennifer Lynn Muñiz Lopez|Alias=J.Lo|birth_date={{birth date and age|1969|7|24|mf=y}}|Origin={{nowrap|[[The Bronx]], [[New York]], E.U.}}|Genre=[[Latin pop]], [[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]], [[Pop music|pop]], [[dance-pop]]|Occupation=[[Aktres]], parakanta, [[kompositor]], [[record producer]], parabayle, [[television personality]], [[fashion designer]], [[television producer]]|Years_active=1986–presente|Label=[[Epic Records|Epic]], [[Island Records|Island]]|Associated_acts=[[Marc Anthony]]|URL={{URL|jenniferlopezonline.com}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}

==Pilmograpiya==
=== Pelikula ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Key
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; |{{dagger}}c
|Pelikula na dai pa ipinapaluwas
|-
| style=&quot;background:#add8e6&quot; |{{double-dagger}}
|Sarong dokumentaryo
|-
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Titulo
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taon
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Papel
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[My Little Girl]]''
|1986
|Myra
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;My Little Girl&quot;&gt;''My Little Girl'':

* {{Cite web|first=Eleanor|last=Mannikka|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/my-little-girl-v34075|title=My Little Girl (1986)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mylittlegirl.htm|title=My Little Girl (1987)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Lost in the Wild|Nurses on the Line: The Crash of Flight 7]]''
|1993
|{{sortname|Rosie|Romero|nolink=1}}
|Also known as ''Lost in the Wild''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Lost in the Wild&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Sandra|last=Brennan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/lost-in-the-wild-v160416|title=Lost in the Wild (1993)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[My Family (film)|My Family]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1995
|Young Maria
|Also known as ''Mi Familia''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;My Family&quot;&gt;''My Family'':

* {{Cite web|first=Matthew|last=Tobey|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/my-family-v133610|title=My Family (1995)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=myfamily.htm|title=My Family (1995)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Money Train]]''
|{{sortname|Grace|Santiago|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Money Train&quot;&gt;''Money Train'':

* {{Cite web|first=Judd|last=Blaise|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/money-train-v135623|title=Money Train (1995)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=moneytrain.htm|title=Money Train (1995)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Jack (1996 film)|Jack]]''
|1996
|Miss Marquez
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Jack&quot;&gt;''Jack'':

* {{Cite web|first=Clarke|last=Fountain|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/jack-v136486|title=Jack (1996)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jack.htm|title=Jack (1996)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Blood and Wine]]''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1997
|Gabriella
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Blood and Wine&quot;&gt;''Blood and Wine'':

* {{Cite web|first=Sandra|last=Brennan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/blood-and-wine-v136830|title=Blood and Wine (1996)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bloodandwine.htm|title=Blood and Wine (1997)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]''
|{{sortname|Selena|Quintanilla|Selena}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Selena&quot;&gt;''Selena'':

* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/selena-v154769|title=Selena (1997)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=selena.htm|title=Selena (1997)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Anaconda (film)|Anaconda]]''
|{{sortname|Terri|Flores|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Anaconda&quot;&gt;''Anaconda'':

* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/anaconda-v154826|title=Anaconda (1997)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=anaconda.htm|title=Anaconda (1997)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[U Turn (1997 film)|U Turn]]''
|{{sortname|Grace|McKenna|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;U Turn&quot;&gt;''U Turn'':

* {{Cite web|first=Bhob|last=Stewart|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/u-turn-v158644|title=U-Turn (1997)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=u-turn.htm|title=U-Turn (1997)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Out of Sight]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1998
|{{sortname|Karen|Sisco|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Out of Sight&quot;&gt;''Out of Sight'':

* {{Cite web|first=Bhob|last=Stewart|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/out-of-sight-v162749|title=Out of Sight (1998)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=outofsight.htm|title=Out of Sight (1998)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Antz]]''
|Azteca
|Voice role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Antz&quot;&gt;''Antz'':

* {{Cite web|first=Bhob|last=Stewart|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/antz-v173454|title=Antz (1998)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=antz.htm|title=Antz (1998)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{sortname|The|Cell}}''
|2000
|{{sortname|Catherine|Deane|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;The Cell&quot;&gt;''The Cell'':

* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-cell-v195764|title=The Cell (2000)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=cell.htm|title=The Cell (2000)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{sortname|The|Wedding Planner}}''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001
|{{sortname|Mary|Fiore|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;The Wedding Planner&quot;&gt;''The Wedding Planner'':

* {{Cite web|first=Karl|last=Williams|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-wedding-planner-v232641|title=The Wedding Planner (2001)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=weddingplanner.htm|title=The Wedding Planner (2001)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Angel Eyes (film)|Angel Eyes]]''
|{{sortname|Sharon|Pogue|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Angel Eyes&quot;&gt;''Angel Eyes'':

* {{Cite web|first=Karl|last=Williams|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/angel-eyes-v242621|title=Angel Eyes (2001)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=angeleyes.htm|title=Angel Eyes (2001)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Enough (film)|Enough]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2002
|{{sortname|Slim|Hiller|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Enough&quot;&gt;''Enough'':

* {{Cite web|first=Brian J.|last=Dillard|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/enough-v260387|title=Enough (2002)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=enough.htm|title=Enough (2002)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Maid in Manhattan]]''
|{{sortname|Marisa|Ventura|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Maid in Manhattan&quot;&gt;''Maid in Manhattan'':

* {{Cite web|first=Andrea|last=LeVasseur|url=http://allrovi.com/movie/maid-in-manhattan-v273847|title=Maid in Manhattan (2002)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}{{dead link|date= Abril 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=maidinmanhattan.htm|title=Maid in Manhattan (2002)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Gigli]]''
|2003
|Ricki
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Gigli&quot;&gt;''Gigli'':

* {{Cite web|first=Josh|last=Ralske|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/gigli-v282034|title=Gigli (2003)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=gigli.htm|title=Gigli (2003)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Jersey Girl (2004 film)|Jersey Girl]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004
|{{sortname|Gertrude|Steiney|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Jersey Girl&quot;&gt;''Jersey Girl'':

* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/jersey-girl-v285898|title=Jersey Girl (2004)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jerseygirl.htm|title=Jersey Girl (2004)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=28 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]''
|Paulina
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Shall We Dance?&quot;&gt;''Shall We Dance?'':

* {{Cite web|first=Tracie|last=Cooper|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/shall-we-dance-v288231|title=Shall We Dance? (2004)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shallwedance.htm|title=Shall We Dance (2004)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Monster-in-Law]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005
|{{sortname|Charlotte|Cantilini|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Monster-in-Law&quot;&gt;''Monster-in-Law'':

* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/monster-in-law-v293952|title=Monster-in-Law (2005)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monsterinlaw.htm|title=Monster-in-Law (2005)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{sortname|An|Unfinished Life}}''
|{{sortname|Jean|Gilkyson|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;An Unfinished Life&quot;&gt;''An Unfinished Life''
* {{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Deming|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/an-unfinished-life-v287478|title=An Unfinished Life (2005)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=unfinishedlife.htm|title=An Unfinished Life (2005)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bordertown (2006 film)|Bordertown]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|{{sortname|Lauren|Adrian|nolink=1}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Also producer
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordertown&quot;&gt;''Bordertown'':

* {{Cite web|first=Nathan|last=Southern|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/bordertown-v326119|title=Bordertown (2006)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bordertown.htm|title=Bordertown (2006)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=19 Disyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[El Cantante]]''
|Puchi
|&lt;ref name=&quot;El Cantante&quot;&gt;''El Cantante'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/el-cantante-v358722|title=El Cantante (2006)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=elcantante.htm|title=El Cantante (2007)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#add8e6;&quot; |''[[Manufacturing Dissent]]'' {{double-dagger|alt=Documentary release}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Herself
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Manufacturing Dissent&quot;&gt;''Manufacturing Dissent'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/manufacturing-dissent-v391215|title=Manufacturing Dissent (2007)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/391215/Manufacturing-Dissent/overview|title=Manufacturing Dissent|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Feel the Noise]]''
|Cameo; also producer
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Feel the Noise&quot;&gt;''Feel the Noise'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/feel-the-noise-v389372|title=Feel the Noise (2007)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite news|first=Peter|last=Howell|url=http://thestar.com/Movies/MovieReview/article/264339|title='Feel the Noise': This Movie Barely Even Lets Us Hear It|work=[[Toronto Star]]|publisher=[[Star Media Group]]|date=7 Oktubre 2007|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024050127/http://www.thestar.com/Movies/MovieReview/article/264339|archive-date=24 Oktubre 2012|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=feelthenoise.htm|title=Feel the Noise (2007)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{sortname|The|Back-up Plan}}''
|2010
|Zoe
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;The Back-up Plan&quot;&gt;''The Back-up Plan'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-back-up-plan-v490905|title=The Back-up Plan (2010)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=backupplan.htm|title=The Back-up Plan (2010)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#add8e6;&quot; |''Sellebrity'' {{double-dagger|alt=Documentary release}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2012
|Herself
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Sellebrity&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/ellebrity-v561747|title=$ellebrity (2013)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=26 Enero 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[What to Expect When You're Expecting (film)|What to Expect When You're Expecting]]''
|Holly
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;What to Expect When You're Expecting&quot;&gt;''What to Expect When You're Expecting'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting-v540256|title=What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=whattoexpect.htm|title=What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012)|website=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=26 Mayo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]''
|Shira
|Voice role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Ice Age: Continental Drift&quot;&gt;''Ice Age: Continental Drift'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jeremy|last=Wheeler|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/ice-age-continental-drift-v516738|title=Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=iceage4.htm|title=Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012)|website=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=21 Hulyo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Parker (2013 film)|Parker]]''
|2013
|{{sortname|Leslie|Rodgers|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker&quot;&gt;''Parker'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jeremy|last=Wheeler|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/parker-v537993|title=Parker (2013)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=30 Oktubre 2011}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parker.htm|title=Parker (2013)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=11 Abril 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#add8e6;&quot; |''[[Dance Again World Tour#Concert film|Jennifer Lopez: Dance Again]]'' {{double-dagger|alt=Documentary release}}
|2014
|Herself
|Also executive producer
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Jennifer Lopez: Dance Again&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/12/12/special-jennifer-lopez-dance-again-to-premiere-wednesday-december-31-on-hbo/338892|title=Archived copy|accessdate= 28 Disyembre 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212193732/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/12/12/special-jennifer-lopez-dance-again-to-premiere-wednesday-december-31-on-hbo/338892/|archivedate= 12 Disyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{sortname|The|Boy Next Door|The Boy Next Door (film)}}''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2015
|{{sortname|Claire|Peterson|nolink=1}}
|Also producer
|&lt;ref name=&quot;The Boy Next Door&quot;&gt;''The Boy Next Door'':

* {{Cite web|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/the-boy-next-door-v615178|title=The Boy Next Door (2015)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=25 Enero 2015}}
* {{Cite web|title=The Boy Next Door (2015)|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=boynextdoor.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=25 Enero 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Lila &amp; Eve]]''
|{{sortname|Eve|Rafael|nolink=1}}
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Lila &amp; Eve&quot;&gt;''Lila &amp; Eve'':

* {{Cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/movie/lila-eve-v621010|title=Lila &amp; Eve (2015)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=26 Enero 2015}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Setoodeh|first1=Ramin|title=Sundance: Jennifer Lopez and Viola Davis on Hollywood Diversity, TV Careers and ‘Lila &amp; Eve’|journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=30 Enero 2015|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/sundance-jennifer-lopez-and-viola-davis-on-hollywood-diversity-tv-careers-and-lila-eve-1201419950/|accessdate=11 Pebrero 2015|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Home (2015 film)|Home]]''
|{{sortname|Lucy|Tucci|nolink=1}}
|Voice role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Home&quot;&gt;''Home'':

* {{Cite web|first=Daniel|last=Gelb|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/home-v567485|title=Home (2015)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=26 Enero 2015}}
* {{Cite web|title=Home (2015)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=happysmekday.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=29 Marso 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#add8e6;&quot; |''The Latin Explosion: A New America'' {{double-dagger|alt=Documentary release}}
|Herself
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;The Latin Explosion: A New America&quot;&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/arts/television/review-the-latin-explosion-a-new-america-on-hbo-is-a-music-civics-lesson.html&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Ice Age: Collision Course]]''
|2016
|Shira
|Voice role
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Ice Age: Collision Course&quot;&gt;''Ice Age: Collision Course'':

* {{Cite web|first=Daniel|last=Gelb|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/ice-age-collision-course-v636846|title=Ice Age: Collision Course (2016)|work=[[AllMovie]]|publisher=[[All Media Network]]|accessdate=28 Disyembre 2015}}
* {{Cite web|title=Ice Age: Collision Course (2016)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=iceage5.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=28 Disyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Second Act (film)|Second Act]]''
|2018
|Maya
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Also producer
|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.allmovie.com/movie/second-act-v701785&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|Ramona Vega
|&lt;ref&gt;https://variety.com/2018/film/news/jennifer-lopez-hustlers-annapurna-pictures-1202896296/&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#add8e6;&quot; |''Wonder Boy, Olivier Rousteing, né sous X'' {{double-dagger|alt=Documentary release}}
|Herself
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Wonder Boy&quot;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/p/B5GATUcoLIH/&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; |''[[Marry Me (upcoming film)|Marry Me]]'' {{dagger}}
|TBA
|Kat Valdez
|Post-production; also producer
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/jennifer-lopez-maluma-marry-me-universal-stx-1202645820/|title=Jennifer Lopez Rom-Com ‘Marry Me’ Jumps From STX To Universal; Maluma Joins Cast|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|date=15 Hulyo 2019|accessdate=26 Septyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Diskograpiya==
{{Unsourced|section|date=Oktubre 2014}}
{{Main|Jennifer Lopez discography}}

* 1999: ''[[On the 6]]''
* 2001: ''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
* 2002: ''[[This Is Me... Then]]''
* 2005: ''[[Rebirth (Jennifer Lopez album)|Rebirth]]''
* 2007: ''[[Como ama una Mujer]]''
* 2007: ''[[Brave (Jennifer Lopez album)|Brave]]''
* 2011: ''[[Love? (album)|Love?]]''
* 2014: ''[[A.K.A. (album)|A.K.A.]]''

''Compilation album''

* 2002: ''[[J to tha L–O! The Remixes]]''

==Mga award ngan nominasyon==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%;&quot;
|+
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gawad
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Tuig{{efn|Indicates the year of ceremony. Each year is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Resipiyente ngan nominado
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kategorya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Resulta
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[AARP The Magazine]]''{{'}}s Movies for Grownups Awards {{anchor|A}}
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Chris |title='The Two Popes' Leads Nominees for AARP the Magazine's Movies for Grownups Awards |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/two-popes-leads-nominees-aarp-magazines-movies-grownups-awards-1258028 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=10 Disyembre 2019 |date=26 Nobyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |ACE Awards
|2006
|Jennifer Lopez
|Fashion Icon of the Year|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACE Award winner |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/celebrity-circuit-31-10-06/16/ |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227013202/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/celebrity-circuit-31-10-06/16/ |archivedate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=31 Oktubre 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=L'Oreal Paris Announces Jennifer Lopez as the Newest Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/loreal-paris-announces-jennifer-lopez-as-the-newest-global-brand-ambassador-111377809.html |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=6 Disyembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Alliance of Women Film Journalists|Alliance of Women Film Journalists EDA Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2019 EDA Award Nominees |url=https://awfj.org/eda-awards-2/2019-eda-award-nominees/ |publisher=[[Alliance of Women Film Journalists]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
|Most Daring Performance Award|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;20&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[ALMA Awards]]
|1995
|''[[Money Train]]''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Marquez |first1=Heron |title=Latin Sensations |date=2001 |publisher=[[Lerner Publishing Group]] |location=[[Minneapolis]] |isbn=0822596954 |page=[https://archive.org/details/latinsensations00mr/page/54 54] |url=https://archive.org/details/latinsensations00mr/page/54 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|1996
|''[[Jack (1996 film)|Jack]]''| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Baugh |first1=Scott L. |title=Latino American Cinema: An Encyclopedia of Movies, Stars, Concepts, and Trends |date=2012 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=[[Santa Barbara, California]] |isbn=978-0313380365 |page=157 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|1998
|''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]'' and ''[[Anaconda (film)|Anaconda]]''| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title='Selena' Captures 4 Prizes in Latino Media Awards|journal=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=20 Abril 1998|page=4|issn=0458-3035}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|''[[Out of Sight]]''| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Latino awards short on entrants|journal=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=13 Abril 1999|page=35|issn=1553-8478}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Outstanding Music Video Performer| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=ABC to air '2000 ALMA Awards'|journal=[[The Oak Ridger]]|date=16 Hunyo 2000|issn=0890-6009|id=110CAAFEE6259060}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Entertainer of the Year| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Linan|first=Steven|title='ALMA Awards' to Honor Latinos in Arts|journal=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=1 Hunyo 2001|page=28|issn=0458-3035}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards]]
|Outstanding Host of a Variety or Awards Special| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2002
|''[[Angel Eyes (film)|Angel Eyes]]''
|Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/76077/j-lo-leads-alma-music-nominees|title=J.Lo Leads ALMA Music Nominees|work=Billboard|date=18 Abril 2012|accessdate=25 Oktubre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[Jennifer Lopez: Let's Get Loud]]''
|Outstanding Performance in a Music, Variety or Comedy Special| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
|Album of the Year| {{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (song)|Love Don't Cost a Thing]]&quot;
|People's Choice for Outstanding Music Video|{{won}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Outstanding Female Performer| {{Nom}}
|-
|2007
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[El Cantante]]''
|Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ugly Betty Leads Alma Award Nominations|url=http://www.showbizspy.com/article/113980/ugly-betty-leads-alma-award-nominations.html|work=ShowbizSpy|accessdate=22 Hulyo 2013|date=22 Hulyo 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082934/http://www.showbizspy.com/article/113980/ugly-betty-leads-alma-award-nominations.html|archivedate=27 Septyembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|Performance of a Lead Latino/Latina Cast in a Motion Picture| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alma Awards nominees |url=https://variety.com/2008/film/awards/alma-awards-nominees-1117990560/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Agosto 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[12th ALMA Awards|2011]]
|''[[American Idol]]''
|Favorite Reality, Variety or Comedy Personality Act|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Powers|first=Lindsay|title='The Voice's' Christina Aguilera, Selena Gomez Among ALMA Award Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/alma-voice-christina-aguilera-selena-gomez-216530|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|date=28 Hulyo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Music Artist|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[13th ALMA Awards|2012]]
|''[[What to Expect When You're Expecting (film)|What to Expect When You're Expecting]]''
|Favorite Movie Actress – Comedy or Musical|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Gratereaux|first=Alexandra|title=2012 NCLR/ ALMA Awards Nominees Include Jennifer Lopez, Pitbull &amp; Selena Gomez|url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2012/07/10/2012-nclr-alma-awards-nominees-include-jennifer-lopez-pitbull-selena-gomez/|work=Fox News Latino|publisher=[[Fox News Network]]|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|date=10 Hulyo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[American Idol]]''
|Favorite Reality, Variety or Comedy Personality Act|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Music Artist|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[American Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[American Music Awards of 2000|2000]]
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|[[American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist|Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist]]|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;2000am&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=American Music Awards nominees|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=APAB&amp;d_place=APAB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0F89AD578A910E72&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|date=17 Enero 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[American Music Award for Favorite Latin Artist|Favorite Latin Artist]]|{{nom}}
|-
|[[American Music Awards of 2002|2002]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[American Music Award|Hip-Hop/R&amp;B Female Artist]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominees for the 30th annual American Music Awards.|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/73407/2002-american-music-awards-nominees|website=Billboard|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=19 Nobyembre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[American Music Awards of 2003 (January)|2003]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=30th American Music Awards|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/amas.htm|publisher=Rockonthenet.com|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=13 Enero 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[American Music Awards of 2003 (November)|2003]]
|[[American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist|Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=McGraw, Vandross win American Music Awards|newspaper=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|date=17 Nobyembre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[American Music Awards of 2007|2007]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[American Music Award for Favorite Latin Artist|Favorite Latin Artist]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/19/entertainment/main3519877.shtml|title=American Music Awards – Winners List|publisher=CBS News. CBS Interactive|date=19 Nobyembre 2007|accessdate=20 Marso 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[American Music Awards of 2011|2011]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|title=Lady Gaga, Adele Lead American Music Awards Noms|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672323/american-music-awards-nominees-2011.jhtml|publisher=[[MTV News]]. Viacom International, Inc.|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|date=11 Oktubre 2011|archive-date=2012-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051342/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672323/american-music-awards-nominees-2011.jhtml|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/465045/amas-2011-taylor-swift-nicki-minaj-win-big-on-ladies-night|title=AMAs 2011: Taylor Swift, Nicki Minaj Win Big on Ladies' Night|date=11 Oktubre 2011|work=Billboard|accessdate=22 Enero 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[American Telemedicine Association|American Telemedicine Association Award]]
|2013
|[[Lopez Family Foundation]]
|ATA Humanitarian Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GlobalMed Presents Entertainer Jennifer Lopez with Donation to Lopez Family Foundation|url=http://www.financialpost.com/markets/news/GlobalMed+Presents+Entertainer+Jennifer+Lopez+with+Donation+Lopez+Family/8084189/story.html|work=[[Financial Post]]|publisher=Postmedia Network Inc.|accessdate=13 Marso 2013|date=12 Marso 2013|archive-date=14 Marso 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314235805/http://www.financialpost.com/markets/news/GlobalMed+Presents+Entertainer+Jennifer+Lopez+with+Donation+Lopez+Family/8084189/story.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research|amfAR Award]]
|2013
|Jennifer Lopez
|Humanitarian Award|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipke |first1=David |title=Jennifer Lopez Honored at amfAR's Inspiration Gala |url=https://wwd.com/eye/parties/jennifer-lopez-honored-at-amfars-inspiration-gala-6991956/ |website=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Hunyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Amnesty International|Amnesty International Awards]]
|2007
|''[[Bordertown (2006 film)|Bordertown]]''
|Artist for Amnesty International{{efn|Awards and nominations Lopez has received as a producer.|name=Producer}}|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first = Robert|last = C. Cottrell|title = Icons of American Popular Culture: From P.T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez|publisher = [[M.E. Sharpe, Inc.]]|location = New York| date = 2010|isbn = 978-0-7656-2298-3|ref = harv|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/iconsofamericanp0000cott}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Apollo Theater|Apollo Theater Spring Benefit Concert &amp; Awards]]
|2010
|Jennifer Lopez and [[Marc Anthony]]
|Arts and Humanitarian Award| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Apollo Theater Spring Benefit Concert &amp; Awards Ceremony - Show |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45gjim/2010-apollo-theater-spring-benefit-concert-awards-ceremony-show/#1793af086dba |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Hunyo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michael Jackson and Aretha Franklin join hall of fame |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8598278.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Abril 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[ARIA Music Awards]]
|[[ARIA Music Awards of 2011|2011]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Most Popular International Artist|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2011 Nominations Announced|url=http://www.ariaawards.com.au/news/8/the-countdown-beginsnominations-announced|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=28 Pebrero 2012|date=11 Oktubre 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016020511/http://www.ariaawards.com.au/news/8/the-countdown-beginsnominations-announced|archivedate=16 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Austin Film Critics Association|Austin Film Critics Association Awards]]
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Whittaker |first1=Richard |title=Austin Film Critics Association Announces 2019 Awards |url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2020-01-07/austin-film-critics-association-announces-2019-awards/ |website=[[The Austin Chronicle]] |accessdate=8 Enero 2020 |date=7 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Bambi Awards]] {{anchor|B}}
|2000
|Jennifer Lopez
|Best International Pop Performance|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Bambi Goes To...|url=http://www.bambi-awards.com/history/past-winners|publisher=Bambi Awards|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926224003/http://www.bambi-awards.com/history/past-winners|archivedate=26 Septyembre 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Basenotes#The Basenotes Fragrance Awards|Basenotes Fragrance Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
|[[Glow by JLo]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=Grant |title=Finalists announced for the 7th Annual Basenotes Fragrance Awards sponsored by Aedes de Venustas |url=http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2197-20070112awards7 |website=[[Basenotes]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=12 Enero 2017 |archive-date=2019-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227040936/http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2197-20070112awards7 |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Live Jennifer Lopez|{{nom}}
|-
|2008
|[[Glow by JLo]]
|Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=Grant |title=Finalists Announced for 8th Annual Basenotes Fragrance Awards |url=http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2477-20080428-fragrance-awards-finalists |website=[[Basenotes]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=28 Abril 2008 |archive-date=2015-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702080334/http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2477-20080428-fragrance-awards-finalists |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2009
|Deseo
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=Grant |title=Finalists Announced for 9th Annual Basenotes Awards Sponsored by FragranceNet |url=http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2701-20090511-basenotes-finalists |website=[[Basenotes]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Mayo 2009 |archive-date=2019-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227040937/http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2701-20090511-basenotes-finalists |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Glow by JLo]]|{{nom}}
|-
|Deseo for Men
|Best Celebrity Fragrance for Men|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Best of Las Vegas Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jennifer Lopez: All I Have]]
|Best Production Show|{{won|place=Gold}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Best of Las Vegas 2016 Award Winners|url=http://bestoflasvegas.com/winners-2016|website=Best of Las Vegas|publisher=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]], Inc.|accessdate=16 Pebrero 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114035251/http://bestoflasvegas.com/winners-2016|archivedate=14 Nobyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Resident Performer|{{won|place=Silver}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Results for Jennifer Lopez |url=https://bestoflasvegas.com/k:Jennifer+Lopez |publisher=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221205729/https://bestoflasvegas.com/k:Jennifer+Lopez |archivedate=21 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2017
|Best Bachelor Party|{{won|place=Bronze}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Billboard'' Music Video Awards
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |1999
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&quot;[[If You Had My Love]]&quot;
|Maximum Vision Award|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;BB99&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Arts Beat|journal=[[Dallas Morning News]]|date=10 Oktubre 1999|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&amp;p_theme=dm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0ED3DBD25179FD13&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|id=0ED3DBD25179FD13|archive-date=2013-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927033947/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&amp;p_theme=dm&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0ED3DBD25179FD13&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Video|{{nom}}
|-
|Best New-Artist Video|{{won}}
|-
|Best Pop-Clip|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
|Best Video|{{nom}}
|-
|Best New-Artist Video|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Best New Artist|{{won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[2001 Billboard Music Awards|2001]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|[[Billboard Music Award for Top Artist|Artist of the Year]]|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Moss|first1=Cory|title=Alicia Keys, Shaggy Top Billboard Music Awards Nominees|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1451229/alicia-keys-shaggy-top-billboard-music-awards-nominees/|publisher=[[MTV News]]|accessdate=22 Septyembre 2017|date=28 Nobyembre 2011|archive-date=2015-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123170216/http://www.mtv.com/news/1451229/alicia-keys-shaggy-top-billboard-music-awards-nominees/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Billboard Music Award for Top Female Artist|Female Artist of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Billboard Music Award for Top Hot 100 Artist|Hot 100 Singles Artist of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
|Female Hot 100 Singles Artist of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2002 Billboard Music Awards|2002]]
|Female Artist of the Year|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2014 Billboard Music Awards|2014]]
|[[Billboard Icon Award|Icon Award]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Ramirez|first1=Erika|title=Jennifer Lopez Receives Icon Award, Performs 'First Love' at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bbma-2014/6092051/jennifer-lopez-icon-award-billboard-music-awards|work=Billboard|accessdate=6 Disyembre 2015|date=18 Mayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;26&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Billboard Latin Music Awards|''Billboard'' Latin Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2000 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2000]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&quot;[[No Me Ames]]&quot;
|Hot Latin Track of the Year| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;billboardawards&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/?id=EA8EAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA20&amp;dq=no+me+ames+intitle:billboard#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=Catch Some Rising Stars: Artist Showcases Offer a Glimpse Into The Future of Latin Music|last=Lannert|first=John|journal=Billboard|volume=112|issue=18|page=16|date=29 Abril 2000|accessdate=9 Mayo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Vocal Duo|{{won}}
|-
|Tropical/Salsa Track of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2002 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2002]]
|&quot;[[Play (Jennifer Lopez song)|Play]]&quot;
|Latin Dance Club Play Track of the Year|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2002 Billboard Latin Music Awards|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/75808/2002-billboard-latin-music-awards|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=23 Septyembre 2017|date=10 Mayo 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (song)|Amor Se Paga Con Amor]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Latin Dance Maxi-Single of the Year|{{won}}
|-
|&quot;[[I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)|I'm Real]]&quot;|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2003 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2003]]
|&quot;[[Alive (Jennifer Lopez song)|Alive (Thunderpuss Club Mix)]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best-Selling Latin Dance Single of the Year|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2003 Billboard Latin Music Award Winners|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/71168/2003-billboard-latin-music-award-winners|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=23 Septyembre 2017|date=9 Mayo 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2004 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2004]]
|&quot;[[I'm Glad|I'm Glad (Paul Oakenfold Remix)]]&quot;|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Billboard Latin Music Awards Finalists |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=21 Pebrero 2004 |volume=116 |issue=8 |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gw8EAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA67&amp;lpg=PA67 |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[2008 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2008]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Como Ama una Mujer]]''
|Latin Album of the Year|{{nom}}
|
|-
|Latin Pop Album Of The Year, Female|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2008 Billboard Latin Music Awards Winners |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045893/2008-billboard-latin-music-awards-winners |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Abril 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Qué Hiciste]]&quot;
|Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|Female Latin Dance Club Play Track of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2012 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2012]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[On The Floor|Ven a Bailar]]&quot;
|Vocal Event Song of the Year|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Trivino|first1=Jesus|title=2012 Latin Music Billboard Awards Predictions|url=https://www.latina.com/entertainment/music/2012-latin-music-billboard-awards-predictions?page=1|website=[[Latina (magazine)|Latina]]|accessdate=23 Septyembre 2017|date=25 Abril 2012|archive-date=23 Septyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923101153/https://www.latina.com/entertainment/music/2012-latin-music-billboard-awards-predictions?page=1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Latin Pop Song of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Female Songs Artist of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2013 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2013]]
|[[Enrique Iglesias &amp; Jennifer Lopez Tour]]
|Tour of the Year|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Salazar|first=Francisco|url=http://www.latinospost.com/articles/11391/20130206/billboard-latin-music-awards-2013-nominations-unveiled.htm|title=Billboard Latin Music Awards 2013 Nominations Unveiled – Jenni Rivera, Don Omar, Jennifer Lopez, Shakira, Prince Royce Among Nominees|work=Latinos Post|date=6 Pebrero 2013|accessdate=8 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Songs Artist of the Year, Female|{{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[Follow the Leader (Wisin &amp; Yandel song)|Follow the Leader]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(featuring [[Wisin &amp; Yandel]]) &lt;/small&gt;
|Streaming Song of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2017 Latin Billboard Music Awards|2017]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Cobo|first1=Leila|title=Nicky Jam Wins Big at Billboard Latin Music Awards: See the Full Winners List|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/latin-awards/7776260/billboard-latin-music-awards-2017-winners-list|website=Billboard|publisher=[[Eldridge Industries]]|accessdate=1 Mayo 2017|date=27 Abril 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Social Artist of the Year|{{won}}
|-
|Telemundo Star Award|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2018 Billboard Latin Music Awards|2018]]
|Social Artist of the Year|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 Billboard Latin Music Awards: See the Full Nominations List|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/2018-billboard-latin-music-awards-nominations-8098517|website=Billboard|publisher=[[Eldridge Industries]]|accessdate=8 Pebrero 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2019 Billboard Latin Music Awards|2019]]
|Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Respers France |first1=Lisa |title=Billboard Latin Music Awards 2019: The winners list |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/26/entertainment/billboard-latin-awards-winners-trnd/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=18 Disyembre 2019 |date=26 Abril 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Jennifer Lopez: All I Have]]
|Tour of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
|2020
|[[It's My Party (tour)|It's My Party]]
|Tour of the Year
|{{pending}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Osegueda |first1=Elisa |title=2020 Billboard Latin Music Awards Nominations: See the List |url=https://www.etonline.com/2020-billboard-latin-music-awards-nominations-see-the-list-140957 |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |accessdate=6 Pebrero 2020 |date=5 Pebrero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard.com Mid-Year Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Best Comeback|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/469332/britney-spears-lady-gaga-rule-billboardcoms-2011-mid-year-music-awards |title=Britney Spears, Lady Gaga Rule Billboard.com's 2011 Mid-Year Music Awards |accessdate=24 Hunyo 2013 |work=Billboard |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623105821/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/469332/britney-spears-lady-gaga-rule-billboardcoms-2011-mid-year-music-awards |archivedate=23 Hunyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Comeback of the Year|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=Britney Spears, Adele Rule Billboard.com's Readers Poll 2011|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/464714/britney-spears-adele-rule-billboardcoms-readers-poll-2011|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=29 Enero 2012|location=New York City|date=15 Disyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Sexiest Woman in Music|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Music's Sexiest Man &amp; Woman: Poll Results|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/485392/musics-sexiest-man-woman-poll-results|work=Billboard|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|date=12 Hunyo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|Best Comeback
|{{runner-up}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipshutz |first1=Jason |title=Beyonce, Iggy Azalea Rule Billboard.com's 2014 Mid-Year Music Poll |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6150413/beyonce-iggy-azalea-rule-billboardcoms-2014-mid-year-music-poll |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=10 Hulyo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awards]]
|[[4th Annual Blockbuster Entertainment Awards|1998]]
|''[[Anaconda (film)|Anaconda]]''
|Favorite Actress – Action &amp; Adventure|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Nominees Announced|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blockbuster-entertainment-awards-nominees-announced-77915327.html|website=[[PR Newswire]]|publisher=[[UBM plc]]|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=17 Disyembre 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034758/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blockbuster-entertainment-awards-nominees-announced-77915327.html|archive-date=4 Marso 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[6th Blockbuster Entertainment Awards|2000]]
|''[[On the 6]]''
|Favorite Female – New Artist|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominees Announced for 'Sixth Annual Blockbuster Entertainment Awards(R)' To Air in June on FOX |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nominees-announced-for-sixth-annual-blockbuster-entertainment-awardsr-to-air-in-june-on-fox-72458137.html |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112094712/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nominees-announced-for-sixth-annual-blockbuster-entertainment-awardsr-to-air-in-june-on-fox-72458137.html |archivedate=12 Enero 2014 |date=8 Pebrero 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[7th Blockbuster Entertainment Awards|2001]]
|''[[The Cell]]''
|Favorite Actress – Science Fiction|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://idobi.com/news/2001/04/nsync-takes-home-three-blockbuster-entertainment-awards/ |title='NSync Takes Home Three Blockbuster Entertainment Awards |publisher=[[idobi Radio]]. idobi Network LLC |date=12 Abril 2001 |first=Lance |last=Fiasco |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226225548/http://idobi.com/news/2001/04/nsync-takes-home-three-blockbuster-entertainment-awards/ |archivedate=26 Pebrero 2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[BMI Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004
|&quot;[[Jenny from the Block]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Award-Winning Song|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;2004b&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhAEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA59|title=52nd Annual BMI Pop Awards Winners|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=22 Mayo 2004|accessdate=22 Septyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;[[All I Have (song)|All I Have]]&quot;|{{won}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[BMI Awards|BMI Latin Music Awards]]
|2008
|&quot;[[Qué Hiciste]]&quot;
|Award-Winning Song| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gustavo Santaolalla Named Icon at 15th Annual BMI Latin Music Awards |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/gustavo_santaolalla_named_icon_at_15th_annual_bmi_latin_music_awards |publisher=[[Broadcast Music, Inc.]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Hunyo 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Boys &amp; Girls Clubs of America|Boys &amp; Girls Club of America]]
|2000
|Jennifer Lopez
|Alumni Hall of Fame Award| {{won|Inducted}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Jocks &amp; Sneaks |journal=[[Atlanta (magazine)|Atlanta]] |date= Nobyembre 2004 |volume=44 |issue=7 |page=38 |publisher=[[Emmis Communications]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Bravo Otto]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Female Actress|{{won|place=Silver}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bravo Otto – Sieger 2000|url=http://www.bravo-archiv.de/auswahl.php?link=ottosieger2000.php|publisher=[[Bravo Otto]]|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2015|date=13 Agosto 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Female Singer|{{won|place=Bronze}}
|-
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Female Actress|{{won|place=Silver}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bravo Otto – Sieger 2001|url=http://www.bravo-archiv.de/auswahl.php?link=ottosieger2001.php|publisher=Bravo Otto|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2015|date=12 Agosto 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002|{{won|place=Gold}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bravo Otto – Sieger 2002|url=http://www.bravo-archiv.de/auswahl.php?link=ottosieger2002.php|publisher=Bravo Otto|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2015|date=12 Agosto 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Paper (magazine)|Break the Internet Awards]]
|2019
|Jennifer Lopez
|Fashion Moment of the Year| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Break the Internet Awards 2019 |url=https://www.papermag.com/st/Break_The_Internet_2019?initialSlide=10 |website=[[Paper (magazine)|Paper]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227014847/https://www.papermag.com/st/Break_The_Internet_2019?initialSlide=10 |archivedate=27 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Brit Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2000 Brit Awards|2000]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Best International Female Artist|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Brits 2000: The winners|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/entertainment/2000/brit_awards/625884.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=23 Septyembre 2017|date=3 Marso 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best International Breakthrough|{{nom}}
|-
|Best International Newcomer|{{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Celebrity Fight Night Award {{anchor|C}}
|2013
|Jennifer Lopez
|Celebrity Fight Night Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.looktothestars.org/news/9657-jennifer-lopez-to-perform-at-celebrity-fight-night-xix-for-charity|title=Jennifer Lopez To Perform at Celebrity Fight Night XIX For Charity|publisher=Look to the Stars|date=4 Pebrero 2013|accessdate=8 Pebrero 2013|archive-date=2023-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008142946/https://www.looktothestars.org/news/9657-jennifer-lopez-to-perform-at-celebrity-fight-night-xix-for-charity|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Council of Fashion Designers of America#CFDA Fashion Awards|CFDA Fashion Awards]]
|2019
|Jennifer Lopez
|Fashion Icon Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Bateman|first1=Kristen|title=CFDA Fashion Awards 2019: Jennifer Lopez and Barbie among winners|url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/cfda-fashion-awards-2019/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=12 Nobyembre 2019|date=4 Hunyo 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Chicago Film Critics Association|Chicago Film Critics Association Awards]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Once Upon a Time... In Hollywood Leads Chicago Film Critics Association 2019 Award Nominations |url=https://chicagofilmcritics.org/ |publisher=[[Chicago Film Critics Association]] |accessdate=12 Disyembre 2019 |date=12 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212155731/https://chicagofilmcritics.org/ |archivedate=12 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Chicago Indie Critics Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Anita |title='Little Women' Tops Chicago Indie Critics Nominations |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/little-women-tops-chicago-indie-critics-nominations-1202818101/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=28 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Children's Hospital Los Angeles|Children's Hospital Los Angeles Award]]
|2004
|Jennifer Lopez
|Children's Humanitarian Award| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gala Benefit for Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Honors Jennifer Lopez |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2004/10/01/316479/64837/en/Gala-Benefit-for-Childrens-Hospital-Los-Angeles-Honors-Jennifer-Lopez.html |publisher=[[GlobeNewswire]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Oktubre 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Miami Beach, Florida|City of Miami Beach]]
|2019
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Freedom of the City#Key to the city|Keys to the City]]| {{won|Recipient}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Correa |first1=Adriana |title=Jennifer Lopez Presented With Keys to Miami Beach |url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/jennifer-lopez-gets-keys-to-miami-beach/126724/ |publisher=[[WTVJ|NBC Miami]] |accessdate=6 Enero 2020 |date=25 Hulyo 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Columbus Film Critics Association Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress
|{{nominated}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Critics' Choice Movie Awards]]
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |title='The Irishman', 'Once Upon A Time In Hollywood' Lead Critics' Choice Nominations; Netflix Dominates With 61 Noms In Movies And TV |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/critics-choice-nominations-film-tv-nominees-list-1202803785/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |accessdate=8 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association|Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards]] {{anchor|D}}
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{runner-up|4th place}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Holt |first1=Jo Ann |title=DFW Film Critics Name '1917' Best Picture for 2019 |url=https://www.focusdailynews.com/dfw-film-critics-name-1917-best-picture-for-2019/ |website=[[Focus Daily News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MOBO Awards|DanceStar Awards]]
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Chart Artist| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=For The Record: Quick News On Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Fatboy Slim, Bounty Killer, Crazy Town &amp; More |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1453082/for-the-record-quick-news-on-britney-spears-jennifer-lopez-fatboy-slim-bounty-killer-crazy-town-more/ |website=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602093930/http://www.mtv.com/news/1453082/for-the-record-quick-news-on-britney-spears-jennifer-lopez-fatboy-slim-bounty-killer-crazy-town-more/ |archivedate=2 Hunyo 2017 |date=26 Marso 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2003| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 DanceStar Awards Nominees |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/72508/2003-dancestar-awards-nominees |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929031109/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/72508/2003-dancestar-awards-nominees |archivedate=29 Septyembre 2017 |date=29 Enero 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Alive (Jennifer Lopez song)|Alive (Thunderpuss remix)]]&quot;
|Party 93.1 FM Best Remix Award| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Denver Film Critics Society Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dorian Awards]]
|2016
|''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|Campy Flick of the Year{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='Carol' Earns Multiple Mentions as Dorian Award Nominees Are Unveiled |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/carol-earns-multiple-mentions-as-855069 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=12 Enero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Film of the Year{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Beresford |first1=Trilby |title='Parasite,' 'Portrait of a Lady on Fire,' 'Pain and Glory' Lead Dorian Award Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-gay-lesbian-entertainment-critics-dorian-awards-noms-full-list-1265575/item/film-year-1265588 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=5 Enero 2020 |date=3 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Gonzalez |first1=Umberto |title=Dorian Awards: Bong Joon-Ho's 'Parasite' Nabs 5 Awards |url=https://www.thewrap.com/dorian-awards-winners-parasite-pose-galeca/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |accessdate=9 Enero 2020 |date=8 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Supporting Film Performance of the Year — Actress| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dublin Film Critics' Circle|Dublin Film Critics' Circle Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Actress
|{{runner-up|9th place}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Clarke |first1=Donald |title=The best movie of 2019, according to Irish film critics |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/the-best-movie-of-2019-according-to-irish-film-critics-1.4118496 |website=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate=17 Disyembre 2019 |date=17 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Film{{efn|name=Producer}}
|{{runner-up|8th place}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[E!]]'s Entertainer of the Year Award {{anchor|E}}
|2001
|Jennifer Lopez
|Entertainer of the Year
|{{runner-up}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Beck |first1=A.C. |title=Kidman Can-Can: She's E!'s Top Celeb |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/42587/kidman-can-can-she-s-e-s-top-celeb |website=[[E!|E! Online]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227122712/https://www.eonline.com/news/42587/kidman-can-can-she-s-e-s-top-celeb |archivedate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Disyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kidman wins E! award for top entertainer |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/kidman-wins-e-award-for-top-entertainer/article4158017/ |website=[[The Globe and Mail]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=19 Disyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Echo Music Prize|Echo Awards]]
|2000
|''[[On the 6]]''
|International Newcomer of the Year|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominees and winners ECHO [Search] |url=https://echopop-archiv.de/nominierte-und-gewinner/ |publisher=[[Echo Music Prize]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |language=German |format=To access, enter the search parameter &quot;Jennifer Lopez&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2002
|''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
|International Artist of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
|2012
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|Hit of the Year|{{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Empire Awards]]
|[[4th Empire Awards|1999]]
|''[[Out of Sight]]''
|[[Empire Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.co.uk/features/awards99/bfilm.html|title=Best Actress|work=[[Empireonline.co.uk]]| date = 1999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819093250/http://www.empireonline.co.uk/features/awards99/bactress.html|archivedate=19 Agosto 2000|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;awards2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024094617/http://www.hollywoodactress.org/Jennifer-Lopez-Profile.php|archivedate=24 Oktubre 2009|url=http://www.hollywoodactress.org/Jennifer-Lopez-Profile.php|title=Jennifer Lopez Profile, Professional Details, Awards and Achievements|publisher=Hollywood Actress|date=24 Hulyo 1969|accessdate=9 Abril 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Entertainment Tonight]]''
|2015
|Jennifer Lopez
|Icon Award| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Chestang|first1=Raphael|title=EXCLUSIVE: Jennifer Lopez Reveals She Only Recently Felt Like She Had 'Made It'|url=http://www.etonline.com/news/176187_exclusive_jennifer_lopez_reveals_she_only_recently_felt_like_she_had_made_it|website=[[ETonline]]|accessdate=21 Septyembre 2017|date=16 Nobyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[FHM]]'' {{anchor|F}}
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[FHM's 100 Sexiest Women (UK)|100 Sexiest Women]]| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Who is FHM's sexiest woman? |url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/who-is-fhms-sexiest-woman/news-story/2415e6e07a7813859087e813d1998bc0?sv=517edcc0a28780c09566b7ddc03cb6d1 |website=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |accessdate=5 Enero 2020 |date=24 Hunyo 2009 }}{{Dead link|date= Oktubre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2002| {{won}}
|-
|2009
|[[FHM's 100 Sexiest Women (UK)#Anniversary lists|Sexiest Women of All Time]]
|{{runner-up}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[FiFi Awards]]
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Celebrity Fragrance Star of the Year| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coty Wins Three FiFi Awards; Awards Signify Fragrance Industry's Highest Distinction For These Top-Selling Brands |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030611005526/en/Coty-Wins-FiFi-Awards-Awards-Signify-Fragrance |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Hunyo 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2003| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lopez Still Fragrant|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EkcuAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=f6YEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2401,6851583|work=[[The Tuscaloosa News]]|publisher=[[Halifax Media Group]]|accessdate=29 Enero 2012|date=25 Hulyo 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2004
|[[Still Jennifer Lopez]]
|Top Ten – Women's: Luxe| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=Grant |title=The US FiFi Award Nominations 2004 |url=http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2091-fifinom04 |website=[[Basenotes]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Marso 2004 |archive-date=2019-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227040935/http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/2091-fifinom04 |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Florida Film Critics Circle|Florida Film Critics Circle Awards]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Georgia Film Critics Association|Georgia Film Critics Association Awards]] {{anchor|G}}
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2019 Awards |url=http://www.georgiafilmcritics.org/p/2019-awards.html |publisher=[[Georgia Film Critics Association]] |accessdate=3 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[GLAAD Media Award]]s
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[25th GLAAD Media Awards|2014]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[GLAAD Vanguard Award]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;GlAAD Vanguard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adam|first=Seth|title=Jennifer Lopez to be honored at #glaadawards in Los Angeles|url=http://www.glaad.org/blog/jennifer-lopez-be-honored-glaadawards-los-angeles|publisher=Glaad.org|accessdate=5 Abril 2014|date=24 Marso 2014|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085802/http://www.glaad.org/blog/jennifer-lopez-be-honored-glaadawards-los-angeles|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[The Fosters (American TV series)|The Fosters]]''
|[[GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]]{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez double winner at the Glaad Awards |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jennifer-lopez-double-winner-at-the-glaad-awards-114041400241_1.html |website=[[Business Standard]] |accessdate=2 Enero 2020 |date=14 Abril 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Glamour Awards|''Glamour'' Awards]]
|1999
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Woman of the Year|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Solomon |first1=Akiba |title=Women of the Year Turns 20: A Look Back at the Honorees |url=https://www.glamour.com/gallery/women-of-the-year-turns-20-a-look-back-at-the-honorees |website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=2 Nobyembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2011|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Fonda|first=Jane|url=http://www.glamour.com/women-of-the-year/2011/jennifer-lopez|title=Jennifer Lopez: The All-Star|publisher=Glamour. [[Condé Nast Publications]]|date=27 Oktubre 2011|accessdate=20 Marso 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|''[[American Idol]]''
|TV Personality| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WIN tickets for Glamour Women of the Year Awards 2012 |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/celebrity/glamour-awards-2012 |website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2019 |date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303152614/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/celebrity/glamour-awards-2012 |archive-date=3 Marso 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Gold Derby Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Gold Derby Film Awards nominations: 'Parasite' and 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood' lead with 11 |url=https://www.goldderby.com/article/2020/gold-derby-film-awards-nominations-parasite/ |publisher=[[Gold Derby]] |accessdate=22 Enero 2020 |date=21 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Golden Globe Awards]]
|[[55th Golden Globe Awards|1998]]
|''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]''
|[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title='Titanic' tops Golden Globe picks|journal=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|date=19 Disyembre 1997|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LA&amp;p_theme=la&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EF7C34D0C8990F4&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|archive-date=2022-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326040705/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LA&amp;p_theme=la&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EF7C34D0C8990F4&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[77th Golden Globe Awards|2020]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Emily Yahr |author2=Sonia Rao |author3=Travis M. Andrews |title=Golden Globes nominations: 'Marriage Story' leads with six; Complete list of 2020 nominees |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/12/09/golden-globes-nominations-complete-coverage/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=10 Disyembre 2019 |date=10 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Golden Raspberry Awards]]
|[[22nd Golden Raspberry Awards|2002]]
|''[[The Wedding Planner]]'' and ''[[Angel Eyes (film)|Angel Eyes]]''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress|Worst Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Kaltenbach |first1=Chris |title=Worst in Show |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-03-20-0203200088-story.html |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Marso 2002 |archive-date=21 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221075836/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-03-20-0203200088-story.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[23rd Golden Raspberry Awards|2003]]
|''[[Maid in Manhattan]]'' and ''[[Enough (film)|Enough]]''|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=23rd Annual Razzie Award Nominations |url=http://www.razzies.com/asp/content/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&amp;articleid=110 |publisher=[[Golden Raspberry Awards]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=10 Pebrero 2003|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729084720/http://www.razzies.com/asp/content/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&amp;articleid=110|archive-date = 29 Hulyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[24th Golden Raspberry Awards|2004]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Gigli]]''|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=At the Razzies, it's a Bennifer sweep |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/28/razzies.reut/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=28 Pebrero 2004 |archive-date=2019-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221010114/https://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/28/razzies.reut/index.html |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo|Worst Screen Couple]] &lt;small&gt;(with [[Ben Affleck]])&lt;/small&gt;|{{won}}
|-
|[[26th Golden Raspberry Awards|2006]]
|''[[Monster-In-Law]]''
|Worst Actress|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tom and J-Lo top Razzie nominations |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/tom-and-j-lo-top-razzie-nominations-20060131-ge1nxh.html |website=[[The Age]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=31 Enero 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[30th Golden Raspberry Awards|2010]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Worst Actress of the Decade|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Shoard |first1=Catherine |title=Transformers and Land of the Lost lead Razzie nods |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/feb/01/transformers-land-of-the-lost-razzies |website=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=2 Pebrero 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[33rd Golden Raspberry Awards|2013]]
|''[[What to Expect When You're Expecting (film)|What to Expect When You're Expecting]]''
|[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress|Worst Supporting Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipshutz |first1=Jason |title=Rihanna, Jennifer Lopez, Vanilla Ice Earn 2013 Razzie Nominations |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1484101/rihanna-jennifer-lopez-vanilla-ice-earn-2013-razzie-nominations |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=9 Enero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[36th Golden Raspberry Awards|2016]]
|''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|Worst Actress|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez among Razzies nominees for 'Boy Next Door' |url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/jennifer-lopez-among-razzies-nominees-for-boy-next-door |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Enero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[40th Golden Raspberry Awards|2020]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[The Razzie Redeemer Award]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Razzies&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.razzies.com/razz-newz.html|title=RAZZ NEWZ - The Razzies!|website=razzies.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Grammy Awards]]
|[[42nd Grammy Awards|2000]]
|&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording|Best Dance Recording]]| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;Grammy2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/04/grammy.noms.01/list.html|title=42nd Annual Grammy Awards nominations|publisher=CNN|accessdate=25 Hunyo 2010|date=4 Enero 2000|archivedate=25 Oktubre 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025161040/http://transcripts.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/04/grammy.noms.01/list.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[43rd Grammy Awards|2001]]
|&quot;[[Let's Get Loud]]&quot;| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/Music/02/21/grammy.winners/|title=43rd Grammy Awards|date=21 Pebrero 2001|accessdate=25 Hunyo 2010|publisher=CNN|archivedate=6 Nobyembre 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106040823/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/Music/02/21/grammy.winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Gotham Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Gotham Independent Film Awards 2019|2019]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Feature|Best Feature]]{{efn|name=Producer}}
|rowspan=1 {{nominated}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Nolfi |first1=Joey |title=Marriage Story sweeps Gotham Awards 2019: See the full list of winners |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/12/02/gotham-awards-2019-winners-full-list/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019 |date=2 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Audience Award{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Hilary |title=Gotham Awards: 'Marriage Story,' 'The Farewell,' 'Uncut Gems' Lead Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/gotham-awards-nominations-2019-list-full-1247779/item/audience-award-1247804 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=2 Enero 2020 |date=24 Oktubre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Groovevolt Music &amp; Fashion Awards
|2006
|Jennifer Lopez
|Most Fashionable Artist| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Third Annual Groovevolt Music Awards Winners Announced |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/01/prweb338329.htm |publisher=[[PRWeb]] |accessdate=2 Enero 2020 |date=27 Enero 2006 |archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123022912/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/01/prweb338329.htm |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Guinness World Records]]''
|2003
|''[[J to tha L–O! The Remixes]]''
|First Number-One Remix Album on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Guinness&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
|2012
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|Highest Viewed Female Music Video of All Time|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Guinness&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Hollywood Critics Association|Hollywood Critics Association Awards]] {{anchor|H}}
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Hollywood Critics Association#Award categories|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='1917' Wins Best Picture at 3rd Annual Hollywood Critics Association Awards |url=https://variety.com/2020/scene/awards/1917-best-picture-hollywood-critics-association-awards-joaquin-phoenix-lupita-nyongo-1203462463/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=10 Enero 2020 |date=9 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
|2013
|Jennifer Lopez
|Star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (Recording Category)|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Reed|title=Jennifer Lopez, new Walk of Famer, cites Fonda among role models|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-jennifer-lopez-gets-star-on-hollywood-walk-of-fame-20130623,0,4699689.story?track=rss|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=26 Hunyo 2013|date=23 Hunyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Houston Film Critics Society|Houston Film Critics Society Awards]]
|[[Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2015|2016]]
|''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|Worst Film{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Society of Film Critics names 'Spotlight' best picture;'The Revenant' leads Houston critics' nominations |url=https://www.chron.com/entertainment/movies_tv/article/National-Society-of-Film-Critics-names-6735679.php |website=Chron.com |publisher=[[Houston Chronicle|Houston Chronicle News Services]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=4 Enero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Human Rights Campaign]]
|2013
|Jennifer Lopez
|Ally for Equality Award|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;HRC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Chasmer|first1=Jessica|title=Jennifer Lopez: Singer-actress to receive Human Rights Campaign award|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/sep/22/human-rights-campaign-honor-jennifer-lopez/|website=[[The Washington Times]]|accessdate=21 Septyembre 2017|date=22 Septyembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=HRC to Honor Jennifer Lopez with Ally for Equality Award at 2013 National Dinner|url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hrc-to-honor-jennifer-lopez-with-ally-for-equality-award-at-2013-national-d|work=HRC Blog|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=25 Septyembre 2013|date=20 Septyembre 2013|archive-date=25 Septyembre 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143143/http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hrc-to-honor-jennifer-lopez-with-ally-for-equality-award-at-2013-national-d|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Hungarian Music Awards]]
|2002
|''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
|Foreign Pop Album of the Year| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jelöltek 2002 |url=http://www.fonogram.hu/jeloltek-2002 |publisher=[[Hungarian Music Awards]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |language=Hungarian}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |IFPI Top Sales Music Award, Hong Kong {{anchor|I}}
|2001
|''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ten Best Sales Releases, Foreign| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award presented [2001-2016]: 2001 |url=https://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2001 |publisher=IFPI Hong Kong |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=27 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227184054/http://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2001 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2003
|''[[This Is Me... Then]]''| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award presented [2001-2016]: 2003 |url=https://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2003 |publisher=IFPI Hong Kong |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=27 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227183810/http://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2003 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[iHeartRadio Fiesta Latina]]
|2019
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[iHeartRadio]] Premio Corazón Award|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Tionah |title=Jennifer Lopez to be honored at the iHeart Radio Fiesta Latina |url=https://us.hola.com/celebrities/2019091027868/jennifer-lopez-iheart-fiesta-latina-awards-honor/ |website=[[¡Hola!]] |accessdate=11 Nobyembre 2019 |date=10 Septyembre 2019 |archive-date=2019-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111130641/https://us.hola.com/celebrities/2019091027868/jennifer-lopez-iheart-fiesta-latina-awards-honor/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Almeida |first1=Celia |title=Ozuna Was the True Headliner of iHeartRadio's Uneven Fiesta Latina 2019 |url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/concert-review-iheartradio-fiesta-latina-at-american-airlines-arena-miami-november-2-2019-11310890 |website=[[Miami New Times]] |accessdate=11 Nobyembre 2019 |date=3 Nobyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[iHeartRadio MMVAs]]
|[[2011 MuchMusic Video Awards|2011]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|People's Choice: Favorite International|{{nom}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[iHeartRadio Music Awards]]
|[[2016 iHeartRadio Music Awards|2016]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Best Triple Threat
|{{nominated}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/articles/trending-104650/new-iheartradio-music-awards-category-added-14470792/|title=New iHeartRadio Music Awards Category Added: Biggest Triple Threat|publisher=iHeartMedia, Inc.|date=9 Marso 2016|accessdate=9 Marso 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414013251/http://news.iheart.com/articles/trending-104650/new-iheartradio-music-awards-category-added-14470792/|archive-date=14 Abril 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Imagen Awards]]
|1998
|''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]''
|Lasting Image Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Caption Only|journal=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2 Abril 1998|page=50|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/28386528.html?dids=28386528:28386528&amp;FMT=CITE&amp;FMTS=CITE:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Apr+02%2C+1998&amp;author=&amp;pub=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;desc=Caption+Only&amp;pqatl=google|accessdate=2 Hulyo 2013|archive-date=2013-07-02|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702093100/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/28386528.html?dids=28386528:28386528&amp;FMT=CITE&amp;FMTS=CITE:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Apr+02,+1998&amp;author=&amp;pub=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;desc=Caption+Only&amp;pqatl=google|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Notable Caribbeans&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author1=Serafín Mendez Mendez|author2=Neysa Rodríguez Deyne|author3=Gail Cueto|title=Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/notablecaribbean0000mend|date=2003|page=[https://archive.org/details/notablecaribbean0000mend/page/258 258]|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313314438}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|Jennifer Lopez
|Powerful &amp; Influential Latinos in Entertainment (Honoree)| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imagen Announces Its 8th Annual List of Powerful &amp; Influential Latinos in the Entertainment Industry |url=https://www.imagen.org/2016/11/16/imagen-announces-its-8th-annual-list-of-powerful-influential-latinos-in-the-entertainment-industry/ |publisher=[[Imagen Awards|The Imagen Foundation]] |date=16 Nobyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |''[[Shades of Blue (TV series)|Shades of Blue]]''
|Best Primetime Television Program – Drama{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imagen.org/2016/07/18/nominations-announced-for-the-31st-annual-imagen-awards/|title=Nominations Announced for the 31st Annual Imagen Awards|publisher=[[Imagen Awards|The Imagen Foundation]]|accessdate=21 Hulyo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Actress – Television| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|Best Primetime Television Program – Drama{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2017 Imagen Awards Winners, Honorees &amp; Nominees |url=https://www.imagen.org/awards/past-imagen-awards-winners/2017-imagen-awards-winners-nominees/ |publisher=[[Imagen Awards|The Imagen Foundation]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406130928/https://www.imagen.org/awards/past-imagen-awards-winners/2017-imagen-awards-winners-nominees/ |archivedate=6 Abril 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Actress – Television| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Best Primetime Television Program – Drama{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Pederson |first1=Erik |title=Imagen Awards Nominations: 'The Shape Of Water', 'Coco' Among Best Picture Hopefuls |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/imagen-awards-nominations-2018-shape-of-water-coco-guillermo-del-toro-1202423451/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=9 Hulyo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Actress – Television| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|Best Primetime Television Program – Drama{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Pederson |first1=Erik |title=Imagen Awards Nominations: 2019 Field Includes Antonio Banderas, Jennifer Lopez &amp; Pedro Almodovar |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/imagen-awards-nominations-2019-field-includes-antonio-banderas-jennifer-lopez-pedro-almodovar-1202641451/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Hulyo 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[Second Act (film)|Second Act]]''
|Best Actress – Feature Film| {{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Independent Spirit Awards]]
|[[11th Independent Spirit Awards|1996]]
|''[[My Family (film)|My Family]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female|Best Supporting Female]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=J. Leonard|first1=David|last2=R. Lugo-Lugo|first2=Carmen|title=Latino History and Culture: An Encyclopedia|date=17 Marso 2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=299|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPBnBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA299&amp;lpg=PA299|accessdate=14 Nobyembre 2019|isbn=9781317466468}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[35th Independent Spirit Awards|2020]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/spirit-awards-nominations-full-list-nominees-indie-film-ifp-1202792053/|title=Film Independent Spirit Award Nominations: 'Uncut Gems', 'The Lighthouse' &amp; 'Honey Boy' Come Up Big|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|last2=D'Alessandro|first2=Anthony|date=21 Nobyembre 2019|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=22 Nobyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Indiana Film Journalists Association Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lindquist |first1=David |title='Marriage Story,' Adam Driver honored by Indiana movie critics |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2019/12/16/marriage-story-adam-driver-honored-indiana-movie-critics/2656372001/ |website=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |accessdate=16 Disyembre 2019 |date=16 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Film{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Neglia |first1=Matt |title=The 2019 Indiana Film Journalists Association (IFJA) Nominations |url=https://www.nextbestpicture.com/latest/the-2019-indiana-film-journalists-association-ifja-nominations |publisher=nextbestpicture.com |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[IndieWire Critics Poll]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[IndieWire Critics Poll#Categories|Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{runner-up}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Eric |title=2019 Critics Poll: The Best Films and Performances According to Over 300 Critics From Around the World |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/12/best-movies-2019-critics-survey-poll-performances-parasite-adam-driver-lupita-nyongo-1202197615/ |website=[[IndieWire]] |accessdate=17 Disyembre 2019 |date=16 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Winter Music Conference#International Dance Music Awards|International Dance Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Winter Music Conference|Best New Dance Artist]]|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2000|title=27th Annual International Dance Music Awards&amp;nbsp;– Winter Music Conference 2012 – WMC 2012|publisher=[[Winter Music Conference]]|accessdate=11 Hulyo 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814080436/http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2000|archive-date=14 Agosto 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
|[[Winter Music Conference|Best Dance Video]]|{{won}}
|-
|2007
|&quot;[[Control Myself]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(with [[LL Cool J]])&lt;/small&gt;
|[[Winter Music Conference|Best Rap/Hip Hop Dance Track]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=22nd Annual International Dance Music Awards |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/archived/index.php?year=2007 |publisher=[[Winter Music Conference]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130421033207/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/archived/index.php?year=2007|archive-date = 21 Abril 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|[[Winter Music Conference|Best Latin/Reggaeton Track]]|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;12D1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dancemusic.about.com/od/intldancemusicawards/a/27th-Annual-International-Dance-Music-Awards-Nominees-And-Winners.htm|title=27th Annual International Dance Music Awards Nominees and Winners|publisher=[[About.com]]. [[The New York Times Company]]|date=22 Marso 2012|accessdate=13 Abril 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622032744/http://dancemusic.about.com/od/intldancemusicawards/a/27th-Annual-International-Dance-Music-Awards-Nominees-And-Winners.htm|archivedate=22 Hunyo 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;into&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=27th Annual International Dance Music Awards (Nominations) 2012|url=http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2012|publisher=Winter Music Conference|accessdate=1 Marso 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302102041/http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2012|archive-date=2 Marso 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Winter Music Conference|Best Commercial/Dance Pop Track]]|{{nom}}
|-
|2013
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot; {{small|(featuring Pitbull)}}
|Best Latin Dance Track|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=28th Annual International Dance Music Awards |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2013#idmanominees |publisher=[[Winter Music Conference]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130307192804/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2013#idmanominees|archive-date = 7 Marso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2015
|&quot;[[Booty (song)|Booty]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Iggy Azalea]])}}
|Best Commercial/Pop Dance Track|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IDMA Nominees for the year 2014 presented in 2015 |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/ |publisher=[[Winter Music Conference]] |accessdate=26 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6WhrWDjKK?url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/ |archivedate=1 Marso 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Israel Teen Choice Awards
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |International Female Singer|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2002|{{won}}
|
|-
|2003
|[[Bennifer]]
|Choice Romance|{{won}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Italian Music Awards]]
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Italian Music Awards#Winners and nominations|Best International Female Artist]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://www.rockol.it/news-27502/Le-nomination-agli-Italian-Music-Awards--quasi-un-plebiscito-per-i-L%C3%B9napop | publisher = Rockol.it | accessdate = 20 Disyembre 2019 | title = Le nomination agli Italian Music Awards: quasi un plebiscito per i Lùnapop | date = 12 Enero 2001 | language = Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2003|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Comunicato Stampa: 'Italian Music Awads', le nomination |url=http://rockol.it/news-57723/comunicato-stampa-italian-music-awads-nomination |publisher=Rockol.it |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019 |language=Italian |date=23 Oktubre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kiss (UK radio station)|Kiss Awards]] {{anchor|K}}
|2005
|Jennifer Lopez
|Style Icon| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vote |url=http://promo.kissclients.com/kissclients/kissawards/catergories.htm |publisher=[[Kiss (UK radio station)|Kiss Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819182331/http://promo.kissclients.com/kissclients/kissawards/catergories.htm |archivedate=19 Agosto 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Latin American Music Awards]] {{anchor|L}}
|[[Latin American Music Awards of 2015|2015]]
|&quot;[[Back It Up (Prince Royce song)|Back It Up]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(with [[Prince Royce]])&lt;/small&gt;
|Favorite Dance Song|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Oyola|first1=Michelle|title=Latin American Music Awards 2015: How to Vote Online?|url=http://heavy.com/entertainment/2015/09/latin-american-music-awards-2015-how-to-vote-online/|website=[[Heavy.com]]|accessdate=8 Septyembre 2015|date=2 Septyembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Latin American Music Awards of 2016|2016]]
|&quot;[[El Mismo Sol]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(with [[Alvaro Soler]])&lt;/small&gt;
|Favorite Pop/Rock Song|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;billboard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7494720/2016-latin-american-music-awards-nominees-nicky-jam-becky-g-banda-ms-juan-gabriel-telemundo|title=Latin American Music Awards 2016 Nominees: Nicky Jam, Becky G, Banda MS &amp; More|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=31 Agosto 2016|accessdate=1 Septyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Latin American Music Awards of 2017|2017]]
|&quot;[[Olvídame y Pega la Vuelta]]&quot;  &lt;small&gt;(with [[Marc Anthony]])&lt;/small&gt;
|Favorite Tropical Song|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Fernandez|first1=Suzette|title=Shakira &amp; Maluma Lead 2017 Latin AMAs Awards Nominations: See Full List|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7968822/2017-latin-amas-awards-nominations-full-list|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=21 Septyembre 2017|date=19 Septyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Latin American Music Awards of 2018|2018]]
|[[Jennifer Lopez: All I Have]]
|Favorite Tour|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8481760/2018-latin-amas-winner-list|title=2018 Latin AMA's Awards Winners: Full List|date=25 Oktubre 2018|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=25 Oktubre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Artist|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Latin American Music Awards of 2019|2019]]
|[[It's My Party (tour)|It's My Party]]
|Favorite Tour|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Latin American Music Awards 2019: Winners List |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/latin-amas-2019-see-complete-list-winners-1240856/item/artista-del-ano-artist-year-1236359 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |date=17 Oktubre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Latino Entertainment Film Awards{{efn|These awards are administered by the Latino Entertainment Journalists Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Levine |first1=Jon |title=Latino Entertainment Journalists Association Launches |url=https://www.thewrap.com/latino-entertainment-journalists-association-launches/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |accessdate=6 Enero 2020 |date=7 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Picture| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='The Irishman' and '1917' Lead 2019 Latino Entertainment Film Awards by LEJA, Jennifer Lopez Gets Lifetime Achievement Award |url=http://www.latinojournalists.com/2020/01/05/the-irishman-and-1917-lead-2019-latino-entertainment-film-awards-by-leja-jennifer-lopez-gets-lifetime-achievement-award/ |publisher=Latino Entertainment Journalists Association |accessdate=6 Enero 2020 |date=5 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actress| {{won}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Rita Moreno]] Lifetime Achievement Award| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Latin Grammy Awards]]{{efn|Note: &quot;[[Back It Up (Prince Royce song)|Back It Up (Spanish Version)]]&quot; was also nominated for [[Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Song|Best Urban Song]] in [[16th Annual Latin Grammy Awards|2015]], however in this category the nomination is credited to the songwriters and not the performer. The song was written by [[Savan Kotecha]], [[Ilya Salmanzadeh]], Prince Royce and Pitbull.}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[No Me Ames]]&quot;
|Best Pop Performance by a Duo/Group with Vocals|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;latingrammy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jul/08/entertainment/ca-49420|title=The 1st Latin Grammy Nominations – The Full Nominations|date=8 Hulyo 2000|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video|Best Music Video]]|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;8&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Lo Nuestro Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Premio Lo Nuestro 2000|2000]]
|Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony
|[[Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Group or Duo of the Year|Pop Group or Duo of the Year]]|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
| last = Anchea
| first = Maximo
| title = El 5 de mayo entregan Premio Lo Nuestro a Musica Latina en Miami
| language = Spanish
| newspaper = [[The Jersey Journal|El Nuevo Hudson]]
| date = 27 Abril 2000
| publisher =[[Advance Publications]]
}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|[[Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Female Artist of the Year|Pop Female Artist of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Lo Nuestro Award for Pop New Artist of the Year|Pop New Artist of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Premio Lo Nuestro 2008|2008]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
|url=http://www.terra.com/musica/noticias/todos_los_ganadores_premios_lo_nuestro/oci256730
|title=Todos los ganadores Premios Lo Nuestro
|work=[[Terra Networks]]
|publisher=[[Telefónica]]
|date=22 Pebrero 2008
|accessdate=27 Septyembre 2013
|language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Premio Lo Nuestro 2015|2015]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&quot;[[Adrenalina (Wisin song)|Adrenalina]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(with [[Wisin]] and [[Ricky Martin]])&lt;/small&gt;
|[[Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Song of the Year|Urban Song of the Year]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
|url=http://www.peopleenespanol.com/article/premio-lo-nuestro-2015-la-lista-completa-de-nominados-univision-enrique-iglesias
|title=Premio Lo Nuestro 2015: La lista completa de nominados
|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=2 Disyembre 2014
|accessdate=2 Disyembre 2014
|language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Lo Nuestro Award for Collaboration of the Year|Urban Collaboration of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Lo Nuestro Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|-
|2019
|Jennifer Lopez
|Social Media Artist| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Calvario |first1=Liz |title=2019 Premio Lo Nuestro: Complete List of Winners |url=https://www.etonline.com/2019-premio-lo-nuestro-complete-list-of-winners-119827 |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |accessdate=13 Disyembre 2019 |date=21 Pebrero 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[London Film Critics' Circle|London Film Critics' Circle Awards]]
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[London Film Critics' Circle Award for Supporting Actress of the Year|Supporting Actress of the Year]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Pulver |first1=Andrew |title=The Souvenir leads nominations for London critics' circle film awards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/dec/17/the-souvenir-london-critics-circle-film-awards-irishman-1917 |website=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=18 Disyembre 2019 |date=18 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Lone Star Film Awards
|1997
|''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]''
|Best Actress|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;Notable Caribbeans&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association|Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards]]
|[[2019 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|2019]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/12/la-film-critics-2019-winners-1202195434/|title=LA Film Critics Association Announces 2019 Winners (Updating List)|website=[[IndieWire]]|first=Ryan|last=Lattanzio|date=8 Disyembre 2019|accessdate=8 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica]]
|2007
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best MTV Tr3́s Artist|MTV Tr3́s Viewer's Choice Award – Best Pop Artist]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Belinda Tops 'Los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2007' With 5 Nominations |url=https://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=35429&amp;string=Babasonicos |website=[[Top40-Charts]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Septyembre 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[LOS40 Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Los Premios 40 Principales 2007|2007]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Mejor Artista (Best Artist)| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|&quot;[[Qué Hiciste]]&quot;
|Mejor Canción (Best Song)| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Los Premios 40 Principales 2011|2011]]
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|[[Premios 40 Principales for Best International Song|Best International Song]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Los Premios 40 Principales 2012|2012]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Best International Spanish Language Artist| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conoce a los nominados de los Premios 40 Principales España 2012 |url=https://los40.cl/2013/conoce-a-los-nominados-de-los-premios-40-principales-espana-2012-4278.html |publisher=[[LOS40 Music Awards]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223083338/https://los40.cl/2013/conoce-a-los-nominados-de-los-premios-40-principales-espana-2012-4278.html |archivedate=23 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Enero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[LOS40 Music Awards 2016|2016]]
|[[Premios 40 Principales for Best International Artist|International Artist of the Year]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LOS40 announces nominees for the LOS40 Music Awards and reveals details of the music event of the yea |url=https://www.prisa.com/en/noticias/notas-de-prensa/los40-announces-nominees-for-the-los40-music-awards-and-reveals-details-of-the-music-event-of-the-yea |publisher=[[PRISA]] |accessdate=24 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224022153/https://www.prisa.com/en/noticias/notas-de-prensa/los40-announces-nominees-for-the-los40-music-awards-and-reveals-details-of-the-music-event-of-the-yea |archivedate=24 Disyembre 2019 |date=7 Oktubre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Ain't Your Mama]]&quot;
|International Song of the Year| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Los Premios 40 Principales for Best International Video|International Video of the Year]]| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[March of Dimes]] {{anchor|M}}
|2013
|Jennifer Lopez {{small|(for the [[Lopez Family Foundation]])}}
|Grace Kelly Award| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Khatchatourian |first1=Maane |title=Jennifer Lopez Honored at March of Dimes' Celebration of Babies Luncheon |url=https://variety.com/2013/scene/vpage/jennifer-lopez-honored-at-march-of-dimes-celebration-of-babies-luncheon-1200927839/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=6 Disyembre 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |MiTRL Music Awards
|2007
|Jennifer Lopez
|Chica of the Year (Female of the Year)|{{nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MTV Asia Awards]]
|[[MTV Asia Awards 2002|2002]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[MTV Asia Award for Favorite Female Artist|Favorite Female Artist]]| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=And the nominees for the 1st MTV Asia Awards are...|url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/young-star/2001/12/14/143656/and-nominees-1st-mtv-asia-awards-are|website=[[The Philippine Star]]|accessdate=2 Disyembre 2019|date=14 Disyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[MTV Asia Awards 2003|2003]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[MTV Asia Awards 2004|2004]]| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Chi|first1=Minnie|title=Love is in the Air at the 2004 MTV Asia Awards|url=https://international.ucla.edu/institute/article/6739|publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]]|accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019|date=23 Enero 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MTV Europe Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[1999 MTV Europe Music Awards|1999]]
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|[[MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act|Breakthrough Artist]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ives |first1=Brian |title=Britney, BSB Top Nominations For MTV Europe Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1426920/britney-bsb-top-nominations-for-mtv-europe-awards-spears-mariah-puffy-manson-to-perform/ |website=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109141609/http://www.mtv.com/news/1426920/britney-bsb-top-nominations-for-mtv-europe-awards-spears-mariah-puffy-manson-to-perform/ |archivedate=9 Nobyembre 2019 |date=5 Oktubre 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&amp;B|Best R&amp;B Artist]]| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2000 MTV Europe Music Awards|2000]]
|[[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female|Best Female Artist]]| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madonna and Eminem triumph at MTV awards |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/16/mtv.awards/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129174435/https://edition.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/16/mtv.awards/index.html |archivedate=29 Enero 2011 |date=16 Nobyembre 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best R&amp;B Artist|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madonna's MTV triumTph |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1027299.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=17 Nobyembre 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2001 MTV Europe Music Awards|2001]]
|Best Female Artist|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gorillaz storm MTV Awards |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1643395.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Nobyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|2002]]
|Best R&amp;B Artist|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MTV Europe Music Awards 2002 Nominations|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/74018/mtv-europe-music-awards-2002-nominations|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=22 Septyembre 2017|date=30 Septyembre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Female Artist|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Triple MTV awards win for Eminem |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/music/newsid_2479000/2479411.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112111555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/music/newsid_2479000/2479411.stm |archivedate=12 Nobyembre 2017 |date=15 Nobyembre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2003 MTV Europe Music Awards|2003]]
|Best R&amp;B Artist| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MTV awards rock Edinburgh |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/3245921.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=6 Nobyembre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2011 MTV Europe Music Awards|2011]]
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|[[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song|Best Song]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The 2011 MTV EMA Nominees |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/events/mtv-emas/photos/2011-nominees/beyonce/ |website=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028184947/http://www.capitalfm.com/events/mtv-emas/photos/2011-nominees/katy-perry/#jennifer-lopez |archivedate=28 Oktubre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lady Gaga leads MTV European Music Awards |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lady-gaga-leads-mtv-european-music-awards-2357939.html |website=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Septyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Best Female Artist| {{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MTV Movie &amp; TV Awards]]
|[[1998 MTV Movie Awards|1998]]
|''[[Selena (film)|Selena]]''
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance|Best Breakthrough Performance]]| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author1=Clint C Wilson II |author2=Felix Gutierrez |author3=Lena CHao |title=Racism, Sexism, and the Media |date=2013 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idI5DQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA97 |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019|isbn=9781452217512 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[1999 MTV Movie Awards|1999]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Out of Sight]]''
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Actor in a Movie|Best Female Performance]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Green |first1=Willow |title=MTV Movie Award Nominations |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/mtv-movie-award-nominations/ |website=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Abril 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss|Best Kiss]] {{small|(with [[George Clooney]])}}| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2001 MTV Movie Awards|2001]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[The Cell]]''
|Best Female Performance| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Movie Awards 2001 |url=http://www.mtv.com/movie-awards/2001 |website=[[MTV]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531173207/http://www.mtv.com/movie-awards/2001 |archivedate=31 Mayo 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Dressed|Best Dressed]]|{{won}}
|-
|[[2011 MTV Movie Awards|2011]]
|''[[The Back-up Plan]]''
|Best Latino Actor|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Justin Timberlake y Mila Kunis se roban el show en los MTV Movie Awards |url=https://peopleenespanol.com/article/justin-timberlake-y-mila-kunis-se-roban-el-show-en-los-mtv-movie-awards/ |website=[[People en Español]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=6 Hunyo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2015 MTV Movie Awards|2015]]
|''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Scared-As-S**t Performance|Best Scared-As-S**t Performance]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Wickman|first1=Kase|title=Here Are Your 2015 MTV Movie Awards Nominees|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2095540/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2015/|website=[[MTV News]]|accessdate=5 Marso 2015|date=4 Marso 2015|archive-date=2015-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412072632/http://www.mtv.com/news/2095540/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2015/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;24&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MTV Video Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[1999 MTV Video Music Awards|1999]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&quot;[[If You Had My Love]]&quot;
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video|Best Female Video]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Asia Pacific Quarterly|journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=7 Agosto 1999|volume=111|issue=32|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mAgEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA54-IA2&amp;dq=jennifer+lopez+if+you+had+my+love#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|accessdate=29 Nobyembre 2016|issn=0006-2510}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Dance Video|Best Dance Video]]| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video|Best Pop Video]]| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist in a Video]]| {{nom}}
|-
|www.jenniferlopez.com
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Artist Website|Best Artist Website]]| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2000 MTV Video Music Awards|2000]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
|Best Dance Video|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Pelletiere |first1=Nicole |title=Pics that prove J.Lo's VMA style has come a long way since the early 2000s |url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Style/pics-prove-jlos-vma-style-long-early-2000s/story?id=57246217 |publisher=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |date=19 Agosto 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography in a Video]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2001 MTV Video Music Awards|2001]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (song)|Love Don't Cost a Thing]]&quot;
|Best Female Video| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=D'Angelo|first=Joe|title=Britney Spears To Debut New Single at Video Music Awards|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1446661/britney-debut-new-single-at-vmas.jhtml|publisher=MTV News. MTV Networks|accessdate=16 Pebrero 2013|date=15 Agosto 2001|archive-date=2012-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107203526/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1446661/britney-debut-new-single-at-vmas.jhtml|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Dance Video| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2002 MTV Video Music Awards|2002]]
|&quot;[[I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)|I'm Real (Murder Remix)]]&quot;
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video|Best Hip-Hop Video]]|{{Won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 MTV Video Music Awards Winners |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/74257/2002-mtv-video-music-awards-winners |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630085844/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/74257/2002-mtv-video-music-awards-winners |archivedate=30 Hunyo 2018 |date=1 Septyembre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[2003 MTV Video Music Awards|2003]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&quot;[[I'm Glad]]&quot;
|Best Female Video| {{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2003 MTV Video Music Awards Nominees|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/69818/2003-mtv-video-music-awards-nominees|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=16 Nobyembre 2019|date=25 Hulyo 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Dance Video| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Choreography in a Video| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction in a Video]]| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards|2005]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&quot;[[Get Right (Jennifer Lopez song)|Get Right]]&quot;
|Best Dance Video| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction|Best Direction in a Video]]| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Arts &amp; Entertainment |journal=[[Hispanic Link]] |date=2005 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ8pAQAAIAAJ |accessdate=6 Enero 2020 |quote=Jennifer López's ''Get Right'' video competes against ''La tortura'' for best choreography and is also nominated in directing and editing categories.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Choreography in a Video| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing|Best Editing in a Video]]| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2012 MTV Video Music Awards|2012]]
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot;
|Best Choreography| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Kaufman|first1=Gil|title=2012 VMA Nominations: The Complete List|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1690827/video-music-awards-nominees-list-2012/|website=[[MTV News]]|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=30 Hulyo 2012|archive-date=2016-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311162922/http://www.mtv.com/news/1690827/video-music-awards-nominees-list-2012/|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Latino Artist|Best Latino Artist]]| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2013 MTV Video Music Awards|2013]]
|&quot;[[Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song)|Live It Up]]&quot;
|Best Choreography| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Montgomery|first=James|title=2013 Video Music Award Nominations: Get The Full List!|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1710689/vma-nominations-list-2013.jhtml|publisher=MTV News. Viacom International, Inc.|accessdate=17 Hulyo 2013|date=17 Hulyo 2013|archive-date=2013-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718183305/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1710689/vma-nominations-list-2013.jhtml|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2018 MTV Video Music Awards|2018]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Dinero (song)|Dinero]]&quot;
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]]|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Atkinson|first1=Katie|title=MTV VMAs 2018 Complete Winners List|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/vma/8471097/vma-2018-winners|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=12 Nobyembre 2019|date=20 Agosto 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Latino Artist|Best Latin]]|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;RS VMA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Exposito|first1=Suzy|title=MTV Video Vanguard Award: Jennifer Lopez's 10 Most Career-Defining Videos|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/jennifer-lopez-mtv-vmas-video-vanguard-713338/|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=12 Nobyembre 2019|date=20 Agosto 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[MTV Video Music Awards Japan]]
|[[2003 MTV Video Music Awards Japan|2003]]
|&quot;[[Jenny From The Block]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Female Video|Best Female Music Video]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards Japan|2005]]
|&quot;[[Get Right]]&quot;| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2014 MTV Video Music Awards Japan|2014]]
|&quot;[[Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song)|Live It Up]]&quot;
|[[MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |MTV Video Play Awards
|2012
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Platinum Award| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jessie J, Adele Receive MTV Video Play Awards|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/jessie-j/news/jessie-j-adele-receive-mtv-video-play-awards|website=[[MTV]]|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2015|date=8 Pebrero 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Hart|first1=Tina|title=MTV honours most-played music videos of 2012|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/mtv-honours-most-played-music-videos-of-2012/053570|website=[[Music Week]]|publisher=Dave Roberts|accessdate=13 Pebrero 2015|date=13 Pebrero 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Music City Film Critics Association Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ciccarone |first1=Erica |title=The Music City Film Critics Association Nominations Are In |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts-culture/film/article/21107780/the-music-city-film-critics-association-nominations-are-in |website=[[Nashville Scene]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |MVPA Awards
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
|Pop Video of the Year|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=With Eight, Lauryn Hill Tops Nominees For MVPA Awards|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_2000-04-01_112_14/page/102|journal=Billboard|date=1 Abril 2000|volume=112|issue=14|page=102|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|issn=0006-2510}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Hair| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Chemical Bros. Video Wins 3 MVPA Awards|journal=Billboard|date=29 Abril 2000|volume=112|issue=18|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|issn=0006-2510}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&quot;[[Get Right]]&quot;
|Choreography| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Steven |title=NEWS: MVPA Award Nominees Announced (Updated) |url=https://www.videostatic.com/vs/2005/03/news-mvpa-award-nominees-announced-updated.html |publisher=VideoStatic |accessdate=30 Disyembre 2019 |date=18 Marso 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Styling| {{nom}}
|-
|Make-Up| {{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[My VH1 Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2000
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Woman of the Year| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VH1 And VH1.com Announce Finalists For &quot;My VH1 Music Awards,&quot; The First Interactive Music Awards Show |url=http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=14062 |publisher=Music Industry News Network |accessdate=1 Enero 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001215080700/http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=14062 |archivedate=15 Disyembre 2000 |date=24 Oktubre 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Subject: Congrats! |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=16 Disyembre 2000 |volume=112 |issue=51 |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxEEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA9 |accessdate=1 Enero 2020 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Booty Shake| {{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[Waiting for Tonight]]&quot;
|Sexxxiest Video| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[The Cell]]''
|Double Threat (Musician-Actors)| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2001
|Jennifer Lopez
|Navel Academy| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Wiederhorn |first1=Jon |title=U2, Dave Matthews Lead My VH1 Music Awards Nominees |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1450497/u2-dave-matthews-lead-my-vh1-music-awards-nominees/ |website=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=1 Enero 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302165402/http://www.mtv.com/news/1450497/u2-dave-matthews-lead-my-vh1-music-awards-nominees/ |archivedate=2 Marso 2018 |date=2 Nobyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (song)|Love Don't Cost a Thing]]&quot;
|Is It Hot in Here or Is It Just My Video| {{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[What's Going On (remix album)|What's Going On]]&quot; {{small|(with various artists)}}
|There's No &quot;I&quot; in Team (Best Collaboration)| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DMB Is 'My VH1' Favorite |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/77564/dmb-is-my-vh1-favorite |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=1 Enero 2020 |date=3 Disyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[NAACP Image Awards]] {{anchor|N}}
|2003
|''[[Maid in Manhattan]]''
|[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brown Sugar and Barbershop vie for black film awards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/dec/06/news |website=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=11 Disyembre 2019 |date=6 Disyembre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Haring |first1=Bruce |title=NAACP Image Awards Nominees: 'Harriet,' 'When They See Us', Netflix Lead Way |url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/naacp-image-awards-nominees-list-2020-nominations-1202825419/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=10 Enero 2020 |date=9 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[National Film Academy|National Film &amp; TV Awards]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Actress|{{won}}                   
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez, Sharon Stone, Toy Story 4, Quentin Tarantino and Once Upon A Time in Hollywood win big at the 2nd annual National Film &amp; TV Awards 2019. |url=https://www.nationalfilmandtvawards.com/2019/12/jennifer-lopez-sharon-stone-toy-story-4-quentin-tarantino-and-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-win-big-at-the-2nd-annual-national-film-tv-awards-2019/ |website=National Film &amp; TV Awards |publisher=[[National Film Academy]] |accessdate=11 Disyembre 2019 |date=4 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=4 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204204301/https://www.nationalfilmandtvawards.com/2019/12/jennifer-lopez-sharon-stone-toy-story-4-quentin-tarantino-and-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-win-big-at-the-2nd-annual-national-film-tv-awards-2019/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[National Society of Film Critics|National Society of Film Critics Awards]]
|[[2019 National Society of Film Critics Awards|2020]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{runner-up|3rd place}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Nyren |first1=Erin |title=National Society of Film Critics Names 'Parasite' Best Picture |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/national-society-of-film-critics-2020-winners-1203456641/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=5 Enero 2020 |date=4 Enero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[New York Film Critics Online|New York Film Critics Online Awards]]
|[[New York Film Critics Online#2019|2019]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Top 10 Films{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Beresford |first1=Trilby |title='Parasite' Voted Best Picture by New York Film Critics Online |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/parasite-voted-best-picture-by-new-york-film-critics-online-1259537 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=7 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nevada Film Critics Society
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;11&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2000 Kids' Choice Awards|2000]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite New Music Artist|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Gill |first1=John |title=Will Smith, Backstreet Boys Win At Kids' Choice Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1425161/will-smith-backstreet-boys-win-at-kids-choice-awards/ |website=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618032919/http://www.mtv.com/news/1425161/will-smith-backstreet-boys-win-at-kids-choice-awards/ |archivedate=18 Hunyo 2019 |date=17 Abril 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Female Singer|Favorite Female Singer]]| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2001 Kids' Choice Awards|2001]]
|Favorite Female Singer|{{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2002 Kids' Choice Awards|2002]]
|''[[The Wedding Planner]]''
|Favorite Movie Actress| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pink Is Kids' Choice |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/76034/pink-is-kids-choice |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=22 Abril 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Singer| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2003 Kids' Choice Awards|2003]]
|''[[Maid in Manhattan]]''
|Favorite Movie Actress| {{nom}}
|
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Singer| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Oei |first1=Lily |title=J. Lo, Justin top Nick noms |url=https://variety.com/2003/film/news/j-lo-justin-top-nick-noms-1117880527/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Pebrero 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Jenny from the Block]]&quot;
|Favorite Song| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2004 Kids' Choice Awards|2004]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Singer| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cameron Diaz and Mike Myers Are Tapped as Co-Hosts of Nickelodeon's 17TH Annual Kids' Choice Awards Live Telecast Saturday, April 3 |url=http://www.nickkcapress.com/2004KCA/content/nominee.php |publisher=[[Nickelodeon]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201035426/http://www.nickkcapress.com/2004KCA/content/nominee.php |archivedate=1 Disyembre 2019 |format=Press Release |date=19 Enero 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2016 Kids' Choice Awards|2016]]
|''[[Home (2015 film)|Home]]''
|Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ceron |first1=Ella |title=Here's Everyone Who Was Nominated for a 2016 Kids Choice Award |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/2016-kids-choice-awards-nominations |website=[[Teen Vogue]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=2 Pebrero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2019 Kids' Choice Awards|2019]]
|''[[World of Dance (TV series)|World of Dance]]''
|Favorite TV Judges {{small|(shared with [[Derek Hough]] and [[Ne-Yo]])}}| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Calvario |first1=Liz |title=2019 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards: Complete List of Winners |url=https://www.etonline.com/2019-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-complete-list-of-winners-121794 |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Marso 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324161248/https://www.etonline.com/2019-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-complete-list-of-winners-121794 |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |North Carolina Film Critics Association Awards
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress
|{{nominated}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[NRJ Music Award]]s
|2002
|Jennifer Lopez
|International Female Artist of the Year| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dido is double winner in France |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1771852.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Enero 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2003
|JenniferLopez.com
|Music Website of the Year| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NRJ Music Awards 2003 |url=https://www.nrj.fr/music-awards/actualites/nrj-music-awards-2002-236040 |publisher=[[NRJ]] |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019 |language=French |date=11 Nobyembre 2003 |archive-date=19 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219184136/https://www.nrj.fr/music-awards/actualites/nrj-music-awards-2002-236040 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|International Female Artist of the Year| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bienvenue sur les NRJ Music Awards 2003: Album International|url=http://www.nrj.fr/awards/awards2003/home.php?nav=vote&amp;cat=9 |publisher=[[NRJ]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307133104/http://www.nrj.fr/awards/awards2003/home.php?nav=vote&amp;cat=5 |archivedate=7 Marso 2005 |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[J to tha L–O! The Remixes]]''
|International Album of the Year| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bienvenue sur les NRJ Music Awards 2003: Artiste Féminine Internationale |url=http://www.nrj.fr/awards/awards2003/home.php?nav=vote&amp;cat=9 |publisher=[[NRJ]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307133104/http://www.nrj.fr/awards/awards2003/home.php?nav=vote&amp;cat=9 |archivedate=7 Marso 2005 |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards {{anchor|O}}
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Online Association of Female Film Critics
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Online Film Critics Society|Online Film Critics Society Awards]]
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2019 Awards (23rd Annual) |url=https://ofcs.org/awards/2019-awards-23rd-annual/ |publisher=[[Online Film Critics Society]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107040810/https://ofcs.org/awards/2019-awards-23rd-annual/ |archivedate=7 Enero 2020 |accessdate=24 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Palm Springs International Film Festival]] {{anchor|P}}
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Spotlight Award|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Fuster |first1=Jeremy |title=Jennifer Lopez to Receive Palm Springs Film Festival's Spotlight Award |url=https://www.thewrap.com/jennifer-lopez-palm-springs-film-festival-spotlight-award/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019 |date=25 Nobyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;15&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[People's Choice Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[27th People's Choice Awards|2001]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Musical Performer| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|''[[The Cell]]''
|Favorite Motion Picture Actress| {{nom}}
|-
|[[29th People's Choice Awards|2003]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Musical Performer| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[31st People's Choice Awards|2005]]
|Best Smile| {{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2005|title=People's Choice Awards 2005 Nominees|publisher=PeoplesChoice.com|accessdate=9 Abril 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[37th People's Choice Awards|2011]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[American Idol]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Choice Competition TV Show| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2011|title=People's Choice Awards 2011 Nominees|publisher=PeoplesChoice.com|accessdate=9 Abril 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63UOErYYD?url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/mtvmusicawards/2011-08-26-video-music-award-winners-list_n.htm|archivedate=26 Nobyembre 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2012|title=People's Choice Awards 2012 Nominees|publisher=PeoplesChoice.com|accessdate=9 Abril 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175611/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2012|archivedate=3 Marso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[38th People's Choice Awards|2012]]| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2013
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Female Artist| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;2013People&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/nominations/vote.jsp?pollId=120033|title=Nominate your favorites for People's Choice Awards 2013|publisher=PeoplesChoice.com|accessdate=28 Oktubre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Favorite Pop Artist| {{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot;
|Favorite Music Video| {{nom}}
|-
|[[41st People's Choice Awards|2015]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Pop Artist| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2015: The winner's list|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/07/peoples-choice-awards-2015-the-winners-list|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=19 Nobyembre 2016|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626173259/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/07/peoples-choice-awards-2015-the-winners-list|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[42nd People's Choice Awards|2016]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2016|title=2016 Nominees &amp; Winners|work=People's Choice Awards|accessdate=3 Oktubre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Favorite Thriller Movie{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
|-
|[[43rd People's Choice Awards|2017]]
|''[[Shades of Blue (TV series)|Shades of Blue]]''
|Favorite TV Crime Drama Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2017: Full List of Nominees|url=http://blog.peopleschoice.com/2016/11/15/peoples-choice-awards-2017-full-list-of-nominees/|website=People's Choice|accessdate=19 Nobyembre 2016|date=15 Nobyembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063137/http://blog.peopleschoice.com/2016/11/15/peoples-choice-awards-2017-full-list-of-nominees/|archive-date=17 Nobyembre 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[45th People's Choice Awards|2019]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|The Style Star of 2019| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Rachel |title=People's Choice Awards 2019 full list of winners |url=https://ew.com/awards/2019/11/11/peoples-choice-awards-2019-full-list-winners/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Nobyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[It's My Party (tour)|It's My Party]]
|The Concert Tour of 2019| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[People Magazine Awards|''People'' Magazine Awards]]
|2014
|Jennifer Lopez
|Triple Threat Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jordan|first=Julie|url=http://people.com/awards/jennifer-lopez-at-the-people-magazine-awards-wins-triple-threat-award/|title=PEOPLE Magazine Awards: Jennifer Lopez Wins Triple Threat Award|publisher=People. Time Inc.|date=18 Disyembre 2014|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Phoenix Critics Circle Awards
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Philadelphia Film Critics Circle
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress
|{{runner-up}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Pollstar|''Pollstar'' Awards]]
|2018
|[[Jennifer Lopez: All I Have]]
|Best Residency|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=30th Annual Pollstar Awards Nominations Announced |url=https://www.pollstar.com/News/30th-annual-pollstar-awards-nominations-announced-136805 |website=[[Pollstar]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819194501/https://www.pollstar.com/News/30th-annual-pollstar-awards-nominations-announced-136805 |archivedate=19 Agosto 2019 |date=30 Nobyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2019
|[[It's My Party (tour)|It's My Party]]
|Best Latin Tour|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Willman |first1=Chris |title=Elton John Wins Pollstar's Top Tour Award, Vows to 'Win the F—ing Thing Next Year as Well' |url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/elton-john-wins-pollstar-top-tour-award-1203496354/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=10 Pebrero 2020 |date=7 Pebrero 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Premios Amigo
|2000
|''[[On the 6]]''
|Best International Album|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Los irlandeses U2 actuarán en la gala de los Premios Amigo |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/10/20/cultura/971992814_850215.html |website=[[El País]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=20 Oktubre 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
|Jennifer Lopez|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;{{n/a}}|{{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=David Bisbal, 'Premio Amigo 2007' |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/313158/0/seguimiento/bisbal/amigo/ |website=[[20 minutos]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=28 Nobyembre 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Qué Hiciste]]&quot;|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;43&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Premios Juventud]]
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |[[2004 Premios Juventud|2004]]
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|She Steals the Show| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hip, Young Hispanics to Honor Their Idols: 'Premios Juventud' First Ever Hispanic Youth Awards to Air Live on Univision Network Sept. 23 |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040802006007/en/Hip-Young-Hispanics-Honor-Idols-Premios-Juventud |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=2 Agosto 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Moves|{{nom}}
|-
|All Over the Dial|{{nom}}
|-
|She's Totally Red Carpet| {{won}}
|-
|Paparazzi's Favorite Target| {{nom}}
|-
|Dream Chick|{{nom}}
|-
|My Idol Is|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez and [[Marc Anthony]]
|Paparazzi's Favorite Target| {{won}}
|-
|Dynamic Duet| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hottest Romance|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez and [[Ben Affleck]]|{{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[No Me Ames]]&quot;
|Catchiest Tune|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[2005 Premios Juventud|2005]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|She's Got Style| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=La 2da entrega anual de 'Premios Juventud': Una noche de estrellas y estrenos |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050923_es_1005655_generatedID/es/ |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=22 Septyembre 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]'' and ''[[Monster-in-Law]]''
|She Steals the Show|{{won}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Paparazzi's Favorite Target| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=¿Quiénes son los famosos favoritos de la juventud hispana? Descúbralo en los 'Premios Juventud' de Univision el 22 de septiembre |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050721_es_1005425_generatedID/es/ |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=21 Hulyo 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Amar Sin Mentiras|Escapémonos (Tropical Version)]]&quot; {{small|(with [[Marc Anthony]])}}
|Dynamic Duet|{{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez and [[Marc Anthony]]
|Hottest Romance|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2006 Premios Juventud|2006]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|She's Got Style|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|''[[An Unfinished Life]]''
|She Steals the Show|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2007 Premios Juventud|2007]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|She's Got Style| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=4th Annual ''Premios Juventud'' Awards on Univision Constructs an All-Star Musical Factory |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070719006224/en/4th-Annual-Premios-Juventud-Awards-Univision-Constructs |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=20 Hulyo 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Paparazzi's Favorite Target| {{nom}}
|-
|Girl of My Dreams| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[2008 Premios Juventud|2008]]
|She's Got Style| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Univision Announces Nominated Artists for Its 5th Annual &quot;Premios Juventud&quot; |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080501006475/en/Univision-Announces-Nominated-Artists-5th-Annual-Premios |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Mayo 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Girl of My Dreams| {{won}}
|-
|Paparazzi's Favorite Target| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[El Cantante]]''
|She Steals the Show| {{nom}}
|-
|Favorite Flick| {{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez and [[Marc Anthony]]
|Torrid Affairs| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2009 Premios Juventud|2009]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|She's Got Style| {{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2011 Premios Juventud|2011]]
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(with [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|The Perfect Combination| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Cantor-Navas |first1=Judy  |title=Prince Royce, Pitbull, Mana Among Univision's Premios Juventud Winners |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/1177007/prince-royce-pitbull-mana-among-univisions-premios-juventud-winners |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=22 Hulyo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Actress Who Steals The Screen| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2013 Premios Juventud|2013]]
|World Icon Award| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Baida|first1=Aiyana|title=Jennifer Lopez Wins Premios Juventud's World Icon Award (Video)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/19/jennifer-lopez-premios-juventud_n_3622993.html%7D|website=[[HuffPost]]|accessdate=19 Nobyembre 2016|date=19 Hulyo 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/10/premios-juventud-2013-jennifer-lopez-canta-premio_n_3576301.html|work=HuffPost|title=Jennifer Lopez y Marc Anthony en 'Premios Juventud'|date=10 Hulyo 2013|first=Mandy|last=Fridmann|access-date=8 Abril 2020|archive-date=13 Septyembre 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913011949/http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/10/premios-juventud-2013-jennifer-lopez-canta-premio_n_3576301.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.latintimes.com/articles/6494/20130718/premios-juventud-2013-winners-list-ganadores-who-won.htm|title=Premios Juventud 2013 Winners List: Who Won?|date=18 Hulyo 2013|accessdate=22 Septyembre 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Favorite Actress| {{won}}
|-
|[[2014 Premios Juventud|2014]]
|&quot;[[Adrenalina (Wisin song)|Adrenalina]]&quot; {{small|([[Wisin]] featuring [[Ricky Martin]] and Jennifer Lopez)}}
|The Perfect Combination| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Tinoco |first1=Armando |title=Premios Juventud 2014 Nominees: Prince Royce Tops Nominations List, Plus Angelique Boyer, Maite Perroni Score Nods In Telenovela Category |url=https://www.latintimes.com/premios-juventud-2014-nominees-prince-royce-tops-nominations-list-plus-angelique-boyer-171728 |website=Latin Times |publisher=[[IBT Media]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=7 Mayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2015 Premios Juventud|2015]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[The Boy Next Door (film)|The Boy Next Door]]''
|She Steals the Show| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;valdez1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.latintimes.com/premios-juventud-2015-winners-list-luis-coronel-enrique-iglesias-take-most-awards-330119|work=Latin Times|title=Premios Juventud 2015 Winners List: Luis Coronel, Enrique Iglesias Take Most Awards!|date=17 Hulyo 2015|first=Maria|last=Valdez}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Favorite Movie{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2016 Premios Juventud|2016]]
|&quot;[[Back It Up (Prince Royce song)|Back It Up]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(featuring [[Prince Royce]] &amp; [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])&lt;/small&gt;
|The Perfect Combination| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Premios Juventud 2016: Lista completa de ganadores|url=https://www.univision.com/especiales/premios-juventud/premios-juventud-2016-lista-completa-de-ganadores|publisher=[[Univision]]|accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019|language=Spanish|date=15 Hulyo 2016|archive-date=2019-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328092334/https://www.univision.com/especiales/premios-juventud/premios-juventud-2016-lista-completa-de-ganadores|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Premios Juventud: Lista completa de nominados 2016|url=https://www.univision.com/especiales/premios-juventud/premios-juventud-lista-completa-de-nominados-2016|publisher=[[Univision]]|accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019|language=Spanish|date=3 Hunyo 2016|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510041042/https://www.univision.com/especiales/premios-juventud/premios-juventud-lista-completa-de-nominados-2016|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|She Steals the Show| {{nom}}
|-
|My Favorite Twitter Celebrity| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[2019 Premios Juventud|2019]]
|Scroll Stopper| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Torres |first1=Alejandra |title=Premios Juventud 2019: the complete list of winners |url=https://us.hola.com/celebrities/2019071826097/premios-juventud-2019-winners/ |website=[[¡Hola!]] |accessdate=22 Disyembre 2019 |date=18 Hulyo 2019 |archive-date=2019-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002163825/https://us.hola.com/celebrities/2019071826097/premios-juventud-2019-winners/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Street Style| {{nom}}
|-
|Hair Obsessed| {{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez and [[Alex Rodriguez]]
|Couple That Fired Up My Feed| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Premios Ondas]]
|2001
|Jennifer Lopez
|Mención especial de la Organización|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palmarés: 2001 |url=https://premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-01.php |language=Spanish |website=[[Premios Ondas]] |publisher=[[Cadena SER]] |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219185748/https://premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-01.php |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Premios Oye!]]
|2007
|Jennifer Lopez
|Pop Español: Solista Femenina|{{nom}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Radio Disney Music Awards]] {{anchor|R}}
|2015
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Radio Disney Music Awards#Special awards|Hero Award]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/2015-radio-disney-music-awards-jennifer-lopez-hero/story?id=30625481|title=2015 Radio Disney Music Awards: Jennifer Lopez Gets Hero Award|publisher=ABC News|date=27 Abril 2015|accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Radio Music Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2003
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Artist of the Year – Hip Hop Radio| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 Radio music awards nominees |url=https://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=5623 |website=[[Top40-Charts]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=19 Septyembre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Artist of the Year – Top 40 Radio| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ritmo Latino|Ritmo Latino Music Awards]]
|1999
|Jennifer Lopez
|New Artist of the Year| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lannert |first1=John |title=Ritmo Winners Chosen |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=30 Oktubre 1999 |volume=111 |issue=44 |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAgEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA74 |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards#International Pop Poll Awards|RTHK International Pop Poll Awards]]
|2012
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|Top Ten International Gold Songs| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=23rd International Pop Poll |url=http://rthk9.rthk.hk/special/poppoll23/index.htm |website=[[RTHK]] |publisher=[[Government of Hong Kong]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172349/http://rthk.hk/special/poppoll23/index.htm |archivedate=3 Marso 2016 |date=6 Mayo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle|San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Awards]] {{anchor|S}}
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Dietz |first1=Jason |title=Best of 2019: Film Awards &amp; Nominations Scorecared |url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/2019-film-awards-and-nominations-scorecard |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019 |date=3 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107031446/https://www.metacritic.com/feature/2019-film-awards-and-nominations-scorecard |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Satellite Awards]]
|[[24th Satellite Awards|2020]]
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2019 Winners |url=https://www.pressacademy.com/2019-ipa-awards/ |publisher=[[International Press Academy]] |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219204231/https://www.pressacademy.com/2019-ipa-awards/ |archivedate=19 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Saturn Awards]]
|[[24th Saturn Awards|1998]]
|''[[Anaconda (film)|Anaconda]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Saturn Award for Best Actress]]| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |title=Notes On The Season: State Of The Race; Jennifer Lopez Soars Into Contention; Terry Gilliam Tilts At Oscar's Windmill |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/jennifer-lopez-oscars-hustlers-terry-gilliam-parasite-1202809124/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[27th Saturn Awards|2001]]
|''[[The Cell]]''| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominees for 27th annual Saturn Awards |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/2001/04/04/Nominees-for-27th-annual-Saturn-Awards/9791986356800/ |publisher=[[United Press International]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=4 Abril 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Screen Actors Guild Awards]]
|2020
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Screen Actors Guild Award nominations revealed |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/11/entertainment/sag-2020-nominations/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=11 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Disyembre 2019 |archive-date=2019-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211155616/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/12/11/entertainment/sag-2020-nominations/index.html |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Seattle Film Critics Society|Seattle Film Critics Society Awards]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Supporting Actress|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='The Irishman' Leads the 2019 Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations |url=http://seattlefilmcritics.com/2019/12/09/the-irishman-leads-the-2019-seattle-film-critics-society-nominations/ |publisher=[[Seattle Film Critics Society]] |accessdate=10 Disyembre 2019 |date=9 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot; /&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Shorty Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2011
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Celebrity|{{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://shortyawards.com/JLo|title=Jennifer Lopez was nominated for a Shorty Award|publisher=[[Shorty Awards]]|date=26 Marso 2012|accessdate=9 Abril 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122032635/http://shortyawards.com/JLo|archive-date=22 Enero 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Music|{{nom}}
|-
|Actress|{{nom}}
|-
|Singer|{{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[ShoWest|ShoWest Convention Awards]]
|2002
|Jennifer Lopez
|Female Star of the Year|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Diorio |first1=Carl |title=ShoWest honors Lopez |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/news/showest-honors-lopez-1117860787/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Pebrero 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=J Lo Heads Dazzling Turnout at ShoWest Awards in Las Vegas |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/film/2002/03/08/showest/ |website=[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Marso 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Smash Hits Poll Winners Party]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Best Female Solo
|{{runner-up|7th place}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Smash Hits Poll Winners' Party 2002 |url=http://www.pollwinnersparty.com/pollwinnersparty/vote.shtml |publisher=[[Smash Hits Poll Winners Party]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021211095337/http://www.pollwinnersparty.com/pollwinnersparty/vote.shtml |archive-date=11 Disyembre 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Most Fanciable Female
|{{runner-up|5th place}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Soul Train Music Awards]]
|2000
|''[[On the 6]]''
|[[Soul Train Music Award for Best R&amp;B/Soul Album – Female|Best R&amp;B/Soul Album – Female]]|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=TLC Leads Nominees for Soul Train Music Awards|journal=Billboard|date=19 Pebrero 2000|volume=112|issue=8|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ4EAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA87|accessdate=14 Nobyembre 2019|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Stinkers Bad Movie Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2001 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards|2001]]
|''[[Angel Eyes (film)|Angel Eyes]]'' and ''[[The Wedding Planner]]''
|Worst Actress| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2001 24th Hastings Bad Cinema Society Stinkers Awards |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2001/2001st.htm |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815101727/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2001/2001st.htm |archivedate=15 Agosto 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[Angel Eyes (film)|Angel Eyes]]''
|Most Annoying Fake Accent – Female| {{won}}
|-
|[[2002 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards|2002]]
|''[[Enough (film)|Enough]]''
|Worst Actress| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 25th Hastings Bad Cinema Society Stinkers Awards |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2002/2002st.htm |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=2 Enero 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815213025/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2002/2002st.htm |archive-date=15 Agosto 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[2003 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards|2003]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''[[Gigli]]''
|Worst Actress| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 26th Hastings Bad Cinema Society Stinker Awards |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2003/2003st.htm |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017172801/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/2003/2003st.htm |archivedate=17 Oktubre 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Worst On-Screen Couple {{small|(with [[Ben Affleck]])}}| {{won}}
|-
|Worst Fake Accent – Female| {{won}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Streamy Awards]]
|2018
|''Fear BOX Challenge'' &lt;small&gt;(with [[David Dobrik]])&lt;/small&gt;
|Best Performance – Collaboration|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Schaffstall |first1=Katherine |title=Streamy Awards 2018: Winners List |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/streamy-awards-2018-winners-list-1146664/item/visual-special-effects-1146655 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=16 Disyembre 2019 |date=22 Oktubre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Swiss Music Awards]]
|[[Swiss Music Awards#2012|2012]]
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|Best Hit International| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zwei Trophäen für 77 Bombay Street |url=https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/stars/zwei-trophaeen-fuer-77-bombay-street |website=[[Schweizer Illustrierte]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |language=German |date=2 Marso 2012 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145520/https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/stars/zwei-trophaeen-fuer-77-bombay-street |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;50&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Teen Choice Awards]] {{anchor|T}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[1999 Teen Choice Awards|1999]]
|&quot;[[If You Had My Love]]&quot;
|[[Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Summer Song|Best Song of the Summer]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Baird |first1=Pat |title=Jennifer Lopez The Crossover Dream Comes True |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/233517 |publisher=[[Broadcast Music, Inc.]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=31 Oktubre 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|[[Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Breakout Artist|Breakout Artist]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2000 Teen Choice Awards|2000]]
|[[Teen Choice Award for Choice Female Hottie|Female Hottie Award]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Female Artist|Female Artist]]| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[2001 Teen Choice Awards|2001]]
|&quot;[[Play (Jennifer Lopez song)|Play]]&quot;
|Best Dance Track| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Riedlinger |first1=Megan |title=Teen Choice Awards 'Choice Hottie' Winners Through the Years |url=https://www.wonderwall.com/eye-candy/hot-celebrities/teen-choice-awards-choice-hottie-winners-through-years-3015681.gallery?photoId=1033217 |website=Wonderwall |publisher=[[Whalerock Industries]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |date=7 Agosto 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Female Hottie Award| {{won}}
|-
|Female Artist| {{nom}}
|
|-
|''[[The Wedding Planner]]''
|Choice Chemistry| {{nom}}
|
|-
|&quot;[[Love Don't Cost a Thing (song)|Love Don't Cost a Thing]]&quot;
|Choice Music Single| {{nom}}
|
|-
|''[[J.Lo (album)|J.Lo]]''
|Choice Music Album| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[2002 Teen Choice Awards|2002]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Female Artist| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 Teen Choice Awards |url=https://oklahoman.com/article/2803593/2002-teen-choice-awards |website=[[The Oklahoman]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=18 Agosto 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Female Hottie Awards| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&quot;[[Ain't It Funny|Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Ja Rule]] and [[Caddillac Tah]])}}
|Choice Music Hook-Up| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Music Single| {{nom}}
|-
|Best R&amp;B/Hip-Hop/Rap Single|{{won}}
|-
|''[[Enough (film)|Enough]]''
|Choice Actress in a Drama/Action or Adventure Film| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |[[2003 Teen Choice Awards|2003]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''[[Maid in Manhattan]]''
|Choice Movie Actress – Comedy| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 Teen Choice Awards Nominees |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/70551/2003-teen-choice-awards-nominees |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=18 Hunyo 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Choice Movie Liar| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Movie Lip-Lock {{small|(shared with [[Ralph Fiennes]])}}| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[All I Have (song)|All I Have]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[LL Cool J]])}}
|Choice Music Single| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Music Hook-Up| {{nom}}
|-
|&quot;[[I'm Glad]]&quot;
|Choice Love Song| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[This Is Me... Then]]''
|Choice Music Album| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Choice Hip Hop R&amp;B Artist|{{won}}
|-
|Choice Crossover Artist|{{nom}}
|-
|Choice Fashion Icon|{{won}}
|-
|Female Artist| {{nom}}
|-
|Female Hottie Award| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2004 Teen Choice Awards|2004]]
|Female Artist| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[2005 Teen Choice Awards|2005]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Get Right]]&quot;
|Choice R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Track| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FOX Announces Nominees for 'The 2005 Teen Choice Awards' |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2005/06/01/fox-announces-nominees-for-the-2005-teen-choice-awards--18495/20050601fox01/ |website=[[The Futon Critic]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Hunyo 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Teen Choice Awards 2005 |url=http://www.fox.com/tca2005/nominees.htm |publisher=[[Fox Broadcasting Company]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060108193620/http://www.fox.com/tca2005/nominees.htm |archive-date=8 Enero 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Choice Party Starter| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Monster-in-Law]]''
|Choice Chemistry {{small|(shared with [[Jane Fonda]])}}| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Movie Actress: Comedy| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]''
|Choice Dance Scene {{small|(shared with [[Richard Gere]])}}| {{nom}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Choice Red-Carpet Fashion Icon (Female)| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2010 Teen Choice Awards|2010]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[The Back-up Plan]]''
|Best Romantic Comedy Actress| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Soll |first1=Lindsay |title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: First Round of Nominees Announced |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2553497/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees/ |publisher=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Hunyo 2010 |archive-date=2016-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108020424/http://www.mtv.com/news/2553497/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees/ |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Best Romantic Comedy| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2011 Teen Choice Awards|2011]]
|Jennifer Lopez
|Choice Red Carpet Fashion Icon (Female)| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Goodacre |first1=Kate |title=Teen Choice Awards 2011: TV winners |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a333845/teen-choice-awards-2011-tv-winners/ |website=[[Digital Spy]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Agosto 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|''[[American Idol]]''
|Choice TV: Personality| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[2012 Teen Choice Awards|2012]]
|''[[What to Expect When You're Expecting (film)|What to Expect When You're Expecting]]''
|Choice Comedy Actress| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=John |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1685440/teen-choice-awards-nominations.jhtml |title='Vampire Diaries,' Justin Bieber Lead Teen Choice Award Nominations – Music, Celebrity, Artist News |publisher=MTV News. Viacom International, Inc. |date=18 Mayo 2012 |accessdate=25 Oktubre 2012 |archive-date=2012-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522045043/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1685440/teen-choice-awards-nominations.jhtml |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Complete Winners List |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |publisher=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207185830/http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |archivedate=7 Disyembre 2019 |date=22 Hulyo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|Choice Music Single – Female| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Choice Female Artist| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Fashion Icon: Female| {{nom}}
|-
|Choice Summer Female Artist| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[American Idol]]''
|Female TV Personality| {{won}}
|-
|[[2013 Teen Choice Awards|2013]]
|''[[The Fosters (American TV series)|The Fosters]]''
|Choice TV Breakout Show {{small|(shared with cast and crew)}}{{efn|name=Producer}}|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Complete list of Teen Choice 2013 Awards winners |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-teen-choice-2013-awards-winners-list-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=11 Agosto 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2014 Teen Choice Awards|2014]]
|''[[American Idol]]''
|Female TV Personality| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=Teen Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2014-winners-724423 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=10 Agosto 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2016 Teen Choice Awards|2016]]
|''[[Shades of Blue (TV series)|Shades of Blue]]''
|Choice TV: Drama{{efn|name=Producer}}| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tvline.com/2016/05/24/teen-choice-awards-2016-nominations-full-list-tv-nominees/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2016: CW Dramas, Pretty Little Liars Lead Early Noms|accessdate=24 Mayo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Choice TV Actress: Drama| {{nom}}
|-
|[[2018 Teen Choice Awards|2018]]
|&quot;[[Dinero (song)|Dinero]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[DJ Khaled]] and [[Cardi B]])}}
|Choice Latin Song| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Selena Gomez and Cardi B lead second wave of Teen Choice Awards music nominees |url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2018/6/22/selena-gomez-and-cardi-b-lead-second-wave-of-teen-choice-awa.html |publisher=[[ABC News Radio]] |accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019 |date=22 Hunyo 2018 |archive-date=22 Hunyo 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622220726/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2018/6/22/selena-gomez-and-cardi-b-lead-second-wave-of-teen-choice-awa.html |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Telehit Awards]]
|[[Telehit Awards#2014|2014]]
|&quot;[[Booty (song)|Booty]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Iggy Azalea]])}}
|El Glúteo de Oro| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Solis |first1=Erik |title=Capital Cities encabezará Premios Telehit |url=https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/capital-cities-encabezara-premios-telehit |website=[[Milenio]] |accessdate=2 Enero 2020 |language=Spanish |date=6 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[The Record of the Year]]
|1999
|&quot;[[If You Had My Love]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |The Record of the Year
|{{runner-up|10th place}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Westlife win song award |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/560705.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=12 Disyembre 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2011
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|{{runner-up|9th place}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=It's your choice! |url=http://www.roty.tv/ |publisher=[[The Record of the Year]] |accessdate=26 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209131137/http://www.roty.tv/ |archivedate=9 Pebrero 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Top of the Pops|Top of the Pops Awards]]
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Artist on Top of the World|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TOTP Awards: The winners |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1685658.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515103132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1685658.stm |archivedate=15 Mayo 2019 |date=30 Nobyembre 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2003
|Most Crap Hair
|{{nominated}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TOTP Awards - The results 2003 - Most Crap Hair |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/awards/hair.shtml |publisher=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317175020/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/awards/hair.shtml |archivedate=17 Marso 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[TMF Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Best International Female Artist| {{won}}
|
|-
|Best Zangeres (Best Singer)|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=TMF Awards Increase Viewers in Netherlands |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=28 Abril 2001 |volume=113 |issue=17 |page=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxMEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA62&amp;lpg=RA1-PA62 |accessdate=19 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2002
|Best International Female Artist|{{won}}
|
|-
|Best Zangeres (Best Singer)|{{won}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Total Request Live|''TRL'' Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2003
|Jennifer Lopez
|The First Lady Award (Favorite Female)| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TRL Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/onair/trl/awards/post_vote.jhtml |website=[[MTV]] |accessdate=29 Disyembre 2019 |date=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030402023238/http://www.mtv.com/onair/trl/awards/post_vote.jhtml |archive-date=2 Abril 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[Play (Jennifer Lopez song)|Play]]&quot; (''[[Total Request Live|TRL]]'' Super Bowl XXXV in Tampa)
|The Rock The Mic Award (Best Live Performance)| {{nom}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[UNESCO|UNESCO Award]] {{anchor|U}}
|2012
|[[Lopez Family Foundation]]
|Award for Philanthropic Work|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Merriam |first1=Allie |title=J Lo Celebrates Her Belated 1-Year Anniversary at a Charity Gala |url=https://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/Jennifer-Lopez-Lanvin-Pictures-Germany-25662635 |website=[[PopSugar]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=30 Oktubre 2012 |archive-date=27 Disyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227024112/https://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/Jennifer-Lopez-Lanvin-Pictures-Germany-25662635 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Urban Fashion Awards
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2002
|Jennifer Lopez
|Female Urban Fashion Aficionado| {{nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Reid |first1=Shaheem |title=Bad Boy Looks Good: Diddy Wins Three Urban Fashion Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1455217/bad-boy-looks-good-diddy-wins-three-urban-fashion-awards/ |website=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231170315/http://www.mtv.com/news/1455217/bad-boy-looks-good-diddy-wins-three-urban-fashion-awards/ |archivedate=31 Disyembre 2019 |date=14 Hunyo 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez]]
|New Urban Fashion Celebrity Line| {{nom}}
|-
|New Designer of the Year| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Us Weekly]]'' Awards
|2007
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Style Icon of the Year| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Sarah Schmalbruch |author2=Megan Willett |author3=Darcy Schild |title=Jennifer Lopez has been in Hollywood for over 20 years — here's her wild style evolution |url=https://www.insider.com/jennifer-lopez-fashion-evolution-2017-1#she-wore-a-fashion-forward-pantsuit-to-accept-the-award-for-style-icon-of-the-year-at-the-us-hot-hollywood-party-in-2007-29 |website=Insider |publisher=[[Insider Inc.]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |date=25 Hulyo 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Tunzi |first1=Kristina |title=Backbeat |journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=2 Hunyo 2007 |volume=119 |issue=22 |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxMEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA66 |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2010
|Style Icon of the Decade| {{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez: style icon of the decade |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/jennifer-lopez-style-icon-of-the-decade-20100426-tmpk.html |website=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=[[Nine Entertainment Co.]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |date=26 Abril 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony Dirty Dance at Us Weekly Bash! |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/jennifer-lopez-marc-anthony-dirty-dance-at-us-weekly-bash-2010234/ |website=[[Us Weekly]] |accessdate=28 Disyembre 2019 |date=23 Abril 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Vancouver Film Critics Circle|Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards]] {{anchor|V}}
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Vlessing |first1=Etan |title='Marriage Story' Leads Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marriage-story-leads-vancouver-film-critics-circle-awards-noms-1262564 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=14 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'' Awards]]
|2014
|[[Lopez Family Foundation]]
|Power of Women Award|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Mandell |first1=Andrea |title=J.Lo, Viola Davis showcase 'Power of Women' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/10/10/jennifer-lopez-viola-davis-power-of-women-luncheon/17056245/ |website=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=20 Disyembre 2019 |date=10 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Vevo Certified Award]]s
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|&quot;[[On the Floor]]&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Vevo Certified Award]]| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Lopez - #VevoCertified, Pt. 1: Award Presentation |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=3MNbtwIFTtc |publisher=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |format=Video |date=19 Mayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|&quot;[[I'm Into You]]&quot;| {{won}}
|-
|&quot;[[Dance Again]]&quot;| {{won}}
|-
|&quot;[[Goin' In]]&quot;| {{won}}
|-
|&quot;[[Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song)|Live It Up]]&quot;| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[VH1]]/''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' Fashion Awards
|1999
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|Most Fashionable Female Artist| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=VH1/Vogue dole out fashion awards|url=http://www.cnn.com/1999/STYLE/fashion/12/06/vh1.vogue/index.html|website=[[CNN]]|publisher=Cable News Network|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=6 Disyembre 1999|archive-date=14 Pebrero 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214062408/http://www.cnn.com/1999/STYLE/fashion/12/06/vh1.vogue/index.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Versace]] Award| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vh1vogue-fashion-awards-to-present-versace-award-to-actress-singer-jennifer-lopez-when-gala-special-is-presented-live-friday-october-20-at-900-1100-pm-etpt-74801232.html|title='VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards' to Present Versace Award to Actress-Singer Jennifer Lopez When Gala Special Is Presented Live Friday, October 20 at 9:00–11:00 P.M. (ET/PT)|location=New York|agency=PR Newswire|accessdate=20 Marso 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|Most Influential Artist| {{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Winners Unveiled at The 2002 'VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards'|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/winners-unveiled-at-the-2002-vh1vogue-fashion-awards-76274087.html|website=[[PR Newswire]]|publisher=[[UBM plc]]|accessdate=14 Pebrero 2015|date=15 Oktubre 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Vibe (magazine)#Vibe Awards|Vibe Awards]]
|2003
|Jennifer Lopez
|Enterprising Entrepreneur|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 Vibe Awards Nominees |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/68763/2003-vibe-awards-nominees |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=18 Disyembre 2019 |date=7 Oktubre 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[VIVA (German TV channel)|VIVA Comet Awards]]
|2001
|Jennifer Lopez
|Best International Artist|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Jonathan |title=Stripped: Depeche Mode |date=5 Nobyembre 2009 |publisher=[[Omnibus Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dlapcBLwu0C&amp;pg=PT720&amp;lpg=PT720 |accessdate=18 Disyembre 2019|isbn=9780857120267 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2002
|&quot;[[I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)|I'm Real]]&quot;
|Video International|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominierungen für den Comet: Staraufgebot in Köln |url=https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/musik/nominierungen-fuer-den-comet-staraufgebot-in-koeln-a-209263.html |website=[[Spiegel Online]] |language=German |accessdate=18 Disyembre 2019 |date=13 Agosto 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Virgin Media|Virgin Media Music Awards]]
|2012
|&quot;[[I'm Into You]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Lil Wayne]])}}
|Best Collaboration|{{nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Lady-Gaga-beats-new-Grammy-record-holder-Adele-to-sweep-the-board-in-the-Virgin-Media-Music-Awards-236b.aspx|title=Lady Gaga beats new Grammy record holder Adele to sweep the board in the Virgin Media Music Awards|publisher=Vigin Media Centre|date=16 Pebrero 2012|accessdate=6 Abril 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326105421/http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Lady-Gaga-beats-new-Grammy-record-holder-Adele-to-sweep-the-board-in-the-Virgin-Media-Music-Awards-236b.aspx|archive-date=26 Marso 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association|Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards]] {{anchor|W}}
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|[[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Parasite' Finds a Host in D.C. Film Critics |url=http://www.dcfilmcritics.com/awards/19release.pdf |publisher=[[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association]] |accessdate=9 Disyembre 2019 |date=8 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Women Film Critics Circle|Women Film Critics Circle Awards]]
|2019
|''[[Hustlers (film)|Hustlers]]''
|Best Screen Couple {{small|(with [[Constance Wu]])}}
|{{runner-up}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Neglia |first1=Matt |title=The 2019 Women Film Critics Circle (WFCC) Winners |url=https://www.nextbestpicture.com/latest/the-2019-women-film-critics-circle-wfcc-winners |publisher=nextbestpicture.com |accessdate=21 Disyembre 2019 |date=9 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards]]
|2006
|Jennifer Lopez
|[[Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards#Crystal Award|Crystal Award]]|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;Crystal Award&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Keck|first=William|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-06-07-jlo-crystal_x.htm|title=J. Lo gets love from Women in Film|publisher=[[USA Today]]. [[Gannett Company]], Inc.|date=7 Hunyo 2006|accessdate=9 Abril 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;11&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[World Music Awards]]
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Jennifer Lopez
|World's Best-Selling Latin Female Artist|{{won}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Grein |first1=Paul |title=Will Jennifer Lopez Get Golden Globe, Oscar Noms for 'Hustlers'? |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/8529867/jennifer-lopez-golden-globe-oscar-noms-hustlers |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |date=12 Septyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[2005 World Music Awards|2005]]
|World's Best-Selling Pop Female Artist| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Usher, Eminem, Gwen Stefani up for honors at 2005 World Music Awards |url=https://siouxcityjournal.com/entertainment/usher-eminem-gwen-stefani-up-for-honors-at-world-music/article_a6fcb20c-483e-595c-9746-7d9880b3e8af.html |website=[[Sioux City Journal]] |accessdate=27 Disyembre 2019 |date=1 Septyembre 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|2007
|World's Best-Selling Latin Female Artist|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2010 World Music Awards|2010]]
|Legend Award|{{won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Neel|first1=Julia|title=World Music Awards 2010|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/world-music-awards-2010|website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|accessdate=14 Nobyembre 2019|date=19 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |[[2014 World Music Awards|2014]]
|World's Best Female Artist| {{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best female artist |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=4 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KFWqRgdL?url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2013 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|World's Best Live Act|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best live act |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=7 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KFWsBQIN?url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=7 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2013 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|World's Best Entertainer of the Year|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best entertainer of the year |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=9 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KFWubBaO?url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2013 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[I Luh Ya Papi]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(featuring [[French Montana]])&lt;/small&gt;
|World's Best Song|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best song |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=1 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924222211/http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=1 |archivedate=24 Septyembre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|World's Best Video|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best video |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=3 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151446/http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=3 |archivedate=6 Oktubre 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;[[Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song)|Live It Up]]&quot; {{small|(featuring [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])}}
|World's Best Song|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best song |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=1 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KFWk8zHt?url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2013 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|World's Best Video|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nomination for worlds best video |url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=3 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KFWm0XZp?url=http://vote.worldmusicawards.com/selectnomination.asp?cat=3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2013 |publisher=[[World Music Awards]] |accessdate=31 Disyembre 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Your World Awards]] {{anchor|Y}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
|&quot;[[Follow the Leader (Wisin &amp; Yandel song)|Follow the Leader]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(with [[Wisin &amp; Yandel]])&lt;/small&gt;
|Best Musical Video| {{won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Las telenovelas triunfan en la primera edición de los premios Tu Mundo |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/sdhoy-comienza-la-ceremonia-de-la-primera-edicion-de-2012aug30-story.html |website=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223082108/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/sdhoy-comienza-la-ceremonia-de-la-primera-edicion-de-2012aug30-story.html |archivedate=23 Disyembre 2019 |language=Spanish |date=30 Agosto 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|Jennifer Lopez
|Favorite Latino in Hollywood| {{won}}
|-
|2014
|&quot;[[Adrenalina (Wisin song)|Adrenalina]]&quot; {{small|(with [[Wisin]] and [[Ricky Martin]])}}
|Most Popular Song of the Year|{{nom}}
|{{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Tinoco |first1=Armando |title=Premios Tu Mundo 2014 Nominees Revealed: Shakira, Pitbull, 'El Señor De Los Cielos' Nominated; See Full List Here! |url=https://www.latintimes.com/premios-tu-mundo-2014-nominees-revealed-shakira-pitbull-el-senor-de-los-cielos-nominated-192292 |website=Latin Times |publisher=[[IBT Media]] |accessdate=23 Disyembre 2019 |date=15 Hulyo 2014 |archive-date=7 Abril 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407155203/https://www.latintimes.com/premios-tu-mundo-2014-nominees-revealed-shakira-pitbull-el-senor-de-los-cielos-nominated-192292 |url-status= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|}

==Ang mga gi basihan niini==
{{Mga kasarigan|colwidth=30em}}

==Mga sumpay sa gawas==
{{Commons category|Jennifer Lopez}}&lt;!-- Please do not add fan-sites, as they will be promptly removed. --&gt;

* {{Official website|http://jenniferlopezonline.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|182}}
* [http://www.jenniferlopezbeauty.com/ Official website for Jennifer Lopez fragrances]

{{Jennifer Lopez}} {{Jennifer Lopez singles}} {{American Idol}}&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --&gt;{{BD|1969||Lopez, Jennifer}} [[Kategorya:Mga kompositor gikan sa Estados Unidos]] [[Kategorya:Mga artista gikan sa Estados Unidos]] [[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit gikan sa Estados Unidos]]</text>
      <sha1>pyjri0pkowu6gb3uomkayn3drh58m14</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Batakan:WikiProjectqurlrun by Discover snap Electronics Telefono (PONTOS) innetworks Auto blocj all comPor&amp;comcan&amp;compai&amp;compay&amp;comqunion&amp;comoara&amp;commarec&amp;comDo&amp;Diste&amp;DisGrad&amp;TipOS-to-URL&amp;Aui-to-URL&amp;JUMP-to-URL finds MyMobile snap</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2906417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7783383</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-27T21:39:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-31695-07</username>
        <id>67487</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bag-o nga pakli: Batch  command: move win.txt program data to on-line user patch on GitHub.com/Azzauer Run update across all materials and user accounts in Microsoft live (RS) and ham radio accounts.</comment>
      <origin>7783383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="182" sha1="3pr2sunvm4esbbm1zuh22agpyl1or8v" xml:space="preserve">Batch  command: move win.txt program data to on-line user patch on GitHub.com/Azzauer
Run update across all materials and user accounts in Microsoft live (RS) and ham radio accounts.</text>
      <sha1>3pr2sunvm4esbbm1zuh22agpyl1or8v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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