Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 17606 7784699 6181822 2026-08-05T19:38:18Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Punuan 7784699 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''kasundalohan''' amo usa nga organisasyon nga gintutugutan han nasod nga gumamit hin kusog, labi na ha paggamit hin armas, ha pagdependar han nasod, o pagsulong ha iba ka nasod, para makipagaway ha aktuwal o nakikit-an nga pantarhog. ==Mga pagkukuhaan== * Dupuy, T.N. (Col. ret.), ''Understanding war: History and Theory of combat'', Leo Cooper, London, 1990 * Tucker, T.G., ''Etymological dictionary of Latin'', Ares publishers Inc., Chicago, 1985, www.youmilitary.com ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== * [http://lebanese-economy-forum.com/wdi-gdf-advanced-data-display/show/MS-MIL-XPND-GD-ZS/ Military Expenditure % of GDP] hosted by Lebanese economy forum, extracted from the World Bank public data {{Sister project links|military}} * {{dmoz|Society/Military}} [[Kaarangay:Punuan]] kk7jhi5tyn6n2iwma5fi3uywb6cu4xd 0 17608 7784700 7652279 2026-08-05T19:39:09Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Punuan 7784700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyprian_War.jpg|thumb]] An '''gerá'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 98. </ref> (puydi liwat '''guerrá'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 98. </ref>) amo an usa ka bulusay nga away nga ginagamitan hin armas, hin labaw ka usa nga mga lawas entitad, nga may panuyuan makuha an hinihingyap nga katapusan nga kondisyon politikal. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} ===Bibliograpiya=== {{refbegin}} * Geoffrey Blainey. The Causes of War'' (1973) * Barzilai Gad, ''Wars, Internal Conflicts and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996). * Chagnon, N. ''The Yanomamo'', Holt, Rinehart & Winston,1983. * Clausewitz, Carl Von (1976), ''On War'' (Princeton and New Jersey: Princeton University Press) * Codevilla, Angelo and Seabury, Paul, [http://www.toreadnext.com/9781574886108 ''War: Ends and Means''] (Potomac Books, Revised second edition by Angelo Codevilla, 2006) * Codevilla, Angelo, ''No Victory, No Peace'' (Rowman and Littlefield, 2005) * Fornari, Franco (1974). ''The Psychoanalysis of War.'' Tr. Alenka Pfeifer. Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Press. * Fry, Douglas. 2004. “Conclusion: Learning from Peaceful Societies.” In ''Keeping the Peace'', Graham Kemp, editor. New York: Routledge. * Fry, Douglas P., 2005, ''The Human Potential for Peace: An Anthropological Challenge to Assumptions about War and Violence'', Oxford University Press. * Fry, Douglas. 2009. ''Beyond War''. Oxford University Press. * Gat, Azar 2006 ''War in Human Civilization'', Oxford University Press. * Heinsohn, Gunnar, ''Söhne und Weltmacht: Terror im Aufstieg und Fall der Nationen'' ("Sons and Imperial Power: Terror and the Rise and Fall of Nations"), Orell Füssli (September 2003), available online as [http://www.pdf4ebook-verlag.de/ShneundWeltmacht.html#Zweig4 free download] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010161017/http://www.pdf4ebook-verlag.de/ShneundWeltmacht.html#Zweig4 |date=2008-10-10 }} (in German) *Howell, Signe, and Roy Willis. 1990. ''Societies at Peace: Anthropological Perspectives.'' London: Routledge. * {{Cite book | year= 2006 | last1= James | first1= Paul | authorlink= Paul James (academic) | last2= Friedman | first2= Jonathan | title= Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention | url= http://www.academia.edu/3587732/Globalization_and_Violence_Vol._3_Globalizing_War_and_Intervention_editor_with_Jonathan_Friedman_Sage_Publications_London_2006 | publisher= Sage Publications | location= London }} * {{Cite book | year= 2006 | last1= James | first1= Paul | authorlink= Paul James (academic) | last2= Sharma | first2= RR | title= Globalization and Violence, Vol. 4: Transnational Conflict | url= http://www.academia.edu/3587761/Globalization_and_Violence_Vol._4_Transnational_Conflict_editor_with_R.R._Sharma_Sage_Publications_London_2006 | publisher= Sage Publications | location= London }} * [[John Keegan|Keegan, John]], (1994) ''[[A History of Warfare]]'', (Pimlico) * Keeley, Lawrence. ''War Before Civilization'', Oxford University Press, 1996. * Kelly, Raymond C., 2000, ''Warless Societies and the Origin of War,'' University of Michigan Press. *Kemp, Graham, and Douglas Fry. 2004. ''Keeping the Peace.'' New York: Routledge. *{{Cite book |last= Kolko |first= Gabriel |authorlink= Gabriel Kolko |year= 1994 |title= Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914 |location= New York,&nbsp;NY |publisher= [[The New Press]] |isbn= 978-1-565-84191-8 |ref= harv }} * Lebow, Richard Ned 2008, ''A Cultural Theory of International Relations'' Cambridge University Press. * Lindemann, Thomas 2010, ''Causes of War. The Struggle for Recognition'' Colchester, ECPR Press *{{cite book|author=Maniscalco, Fabio|title=World heritage and war: linee guida per interventi a salvaguardia dei beni culturali nelle aree a rischio bellico|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lelEGQAACAAJ|accessdate=31 May 2012|year=2007|publisher=Massa|isbn=978-88-87835-89-2}} *McIntosh, Jane. 2002. ''A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization.'' Oxford, UK: Westview Press. *Metz, Steven and Philip R. Cuccia, 2011, [http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo4171 ''Defining War for the 21st Century,''] [[Strategic Studies Institute]], [[United States Army War College|U.S. Army War College]]. ISBN 978-1-58487-472-0 *Montagu, Ashley. 1978. ''Learning Nonaggression.'' New York: Oxford University Press. * Otterbein, Keith, 2004, ''How War Began''. College Station TX: Texas A&M University Press. * Pauketat, Timothy. ''North American Archaeology'' 2005. Blackwell Publishing. *Pearson, Richard. 2004. “New Perspectives on Jomon Society.” ''Bulletin of the International Jomon Culture Conference,'' Vol. 1. *{{cite book|author1=Small, Melvin|author2=Singer, Joel David|title=Resort to arms: international and civil wars, 1816–1980|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rvASAQAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=978-0-8039-1776-7}} *{{cite book|author=Smith, David Livingstone|title=The Most Dangerous Animal: Human Nature and the Origins of War|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FwBUuzr6QFAC|date=February 2009|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-53744-9}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} *Sponsel, Leslie, and Thomas Gregor. 1994. ''Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence.'' Lynne Rienner Publishing. * [[Hew Strachan|Strachan, Hew]] (2013), ''The Direction of War''. * Turchin, P. 2005. ''War and [[Peace]] and War: Life Cycles of Imperial Nations''. New York, NY: Pi Press. * Van Creveld, Martin ''The Art of War: War and Military Thought'' London: Cassell, Wellington House * Walzer, Michael (1977) ''[[Just and Unjust Wars]]'' (Basic Books). * Wade, Nicholas. ''Before the Dawn'', Penguin: New York 2006. * Zimmerman, L. ''The Crow Creek Site Massacre: A Preliminary Report'', US Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1981. {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|War}} {{Commons category|Warfare}} {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.umich.edu/~cowproj/ Correlates of War Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020724222017/http://www.umich.edu/~cowproj/ |date=2002-07-24 }} * [http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/home Customary IHL Database] * [http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_ihl_customary_humanitarian_law Customary international humanitarian law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716004137/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_ihl_customary_humanitarian_law |date=2010-07-16 }} International Committee of the Red Cross * [http://www.cedat.org/ Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226231117/http://www.cedat.org/ |date=2008-12-26 }} – Database on the human impact of conflicts and other complex emergencies. * [http://www.icrc.org/eng/ihl International humanitarian law] – International Committee of the Red Cross website * [http://www.icrc.org/ihl International humanitarian law database] – Treaties and States Parties * [http://www.robertankony.com/lurps-gallery/ The human face and cost of war—see post Tet Offensive] * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://libluna.colorado.edu/wwi/index.asp World War I primary source collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410114859/http://libluna.colorado.edu/wwi/index.asp |date=2011-04-10 }} *{{Wikivoyage-inline|War zone safety}} [[Kaarangay:Punuan]] fq0yh7l8ghw0tdc9ek6yudtv7wezi2c 0 17615 7784707 6267107 2026-08-05T19:48:31Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kolor 7784707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solid blue.svg|thumb|right|An kulur nga bulhog]] An '''bolhog''', '''bulhog''', '''muya'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 242.</ref> o '''asúl'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 20.</ref> (Kinatsila: ''azul''; Ingles: ''blue''; Pambansa:''bughaw'') amo an usa ka kulur. {{turók}} == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Blue}} [[Kaarangay:Kolor]] r6a8ak2ushgz7uvln1rjo6u8qk90mmh 0 17616 7784705 5175777 2026-08-05T19:47:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kolor 7784705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Auto Racing Yellow.svg|thumb|right|An [[kulur]] nga dulaw]] An '''darag''' o '''dulaw'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 82.</ref> (Ingles: ''yellow''; Pambansa(Tagalog):Dilaw) amo an usa ka [[kulur]] [[tikang]] ha [[PRISMA]]. {{turók}} == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Yellow}} [[Kaarangay:Kolor]] gs0s61ycinds85crw0ooryevyzypci1 0 17617 7784704 6267040 2026-08-05T19:47:30Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kolor 7784704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red Red.svg|thumb|right|An kulur nga pula]] An '''púla'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 296.</ref> , '''baga''' o '''burahag''' (Ingles: ''red''; Pambansa:Pula ; Cebuano:Puwa) amo an usa ka balangaw. Ha huruhimangraw an pag[[yakan]] '''púla''' amo in pag [[nigatibu]] hit [[isturya]] {{turók}} == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Red}} [[Kaarangay:Kolor]] 6xnhamoq23vjgcc6z0ghfowjejvqx3t 0 17621 7784706 6332002 2026-08-05T19:48:11Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kolor 7784706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solid green.svg|thumb|right|An kolor nga berde]] An '''berdé'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 40.</ref> (Kinatsila: ''verde''; Ingles: ''green''), '''lonhao''', '''lunhaw''' o '''lunghaw''' amo an usa ka kolor. {{turók}} == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Green}} [[Kaarangay:Kolor]] 9nmsvg2snpnez92pbkvxxft2hmcx5ce 0 32210 7784709 7783719 2026-08-06T07:14:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7784709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name = Pinortuges |nativename = ''{{lang|pt|português}}'' |pronunciation = {{IPA-pt|puɾtuˈɣeʃ|}}, {{IPA-pt|poʁtuˈɡes|}} |states = [[Portugal]], [[Brasil]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]] ngan iba pa nga mga [[Lusophone]] nga nasod |speakers = 250 ka milyon<!--Published figure of 216 million assumes 30% of Angola. More likely figure of 20% takes 2M off, thus rounding off to 210M rather than 220M. Splitting the diff and listing 215M.--> |date = 2010 |ref = ne2010 |speakers2 = Tanan nga ([[syahan nga pinulongan|L1]] upod han [[Ikaduha nga pinulongan|L2]]): 250 ka milyon (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/languages%20at%20lal/portuguese|title=Portuguese language|publisher=University of Leicester|accessdate=30 Hunyo 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226150151/https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/LANGUAGEScourses/portuguese|url-status=}}</ref> |familycolor = Indo-Europeo |fam2 = [[Italic nga mga pinulongan|Italic]] |fam3 = [[Romanse nga mga pinulongan|Romanse]] |fam4 = [[Katundan nga Romanse nga mga pinulongan|Katundan nga Romanse]] |fam5 = [[Ibero-Romanse nga mga pinulongan|Ibero-Romanse]] |fam6 = [[Katundan nga Iberico nga mga pinulongan|Katundan nga Iberico]] |fam7 = [[Ginalyego-Pinortuges]] |ancestor = [[Medieval nga Ginalyego]] |script = [[Latin nga pagsurat|Latin]] ([[Pinortuges nga abakadahan]])<br />[[Pinortuges nga Braille]] | nation = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[Heyograpiko nga pagbahinbahin han Pinortuges|9 ka nasod]] | {{flag|Angola}} | {{flag|Brasil}} | {{flag|Cabo Verde}} | {{flag|Guinea Ecuatorial}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=7775 |title=Acts continue to mark Portuguese Language and Portuguese Culture Day|author=Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea}}</ref> | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | {{flag|Mozambique}} | {{flag|Portugal}} | {{flag|São Tomé ngan Príncipe}} | {{flag|Sinirangan nga Timor}} | }}<br /> {{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[Heyograpiko nga pagbahinbahin han Pinortuges|1 nga dependensya]] |{{flag|Macau}} }}<br /> |minority ={{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[Heyograpiko nga pagbahinbahin han Pinortuges|12 ka nasod]] | {{flag|Andorra}} | {{flag|Canada}} | [[File:Flag of Daman and Diu.svg|24px]] [[Daman ngan Diu]] ([[India]]) | {{flag|Estados Unidos}} | {{flag|Fransya}} | {{flag|Galicia}} ([[Espanya]]) | [[File:Flag of Goa.svg|24px]] [[Goa]] ([[India]]) | {{flag|Hapon}} | {{flag|Luxemburgo}} | [[File:Flag of Malacca.svg|24px]] [[Malacca]] ([[Malaysia]]) | {{flag|Namibia}} | {{flag|Paraguay}} | {{flag|South Africa}} | {{flag|Swiza}} | {{flag|Uruguay}} | {{flag|Venezuela}} }} <br>[[Taramdan hin mga internasyonal nga organisasyon nga nagamit han Pinortuges nga opisyal nga pinulongan|Damo nga mga internasyonal nga mga organisasyon]] |agency=[[Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa]]<br /> [[Academia Brasileira de Letras]]&nbsp;(Brasil)<br /> [[Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras]]&nbsp;(Portugal)<br /> [[Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language|Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa]]&nbsp;(Galicia)<br />[[CPLP]] |iso1=pt |iso2=por |iso3=por |lingua=51-AAA-a |map=Detailed SVG map of the Lusophone world.svg |mapcaption= {{legend|#002375|Tuminongnong nga pinulongan}} {{legend|#1886FE|Opisyal ngan administratibo nga pinulongan}} {{legend|#79BDFF|Kultural o pan-ikaduha nga pinulongan}} |notice=IPA |sign = Manually coded Portuguese |glotto=port1283 |glottorefname=Portuguese }} An '''Pinortuges''' (lumad ngan tuminongnong nga ngaran: {{lang|pt|português}} o kundi man, ha bug-os, {{lang|pt|língua portuguesa}}) usá nga katundan nga [[Mga Romanse nga pinulonganRomance languages|Romanse nga pamulong, pinulongan, o yinaknan]] ngan amo an nag-uusá nga opisyal nga pinulongan han [[Portugal]], [[Brasil]], [[Cabo Verde]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mozambique]], [[Angola]], ngan [[São Tomé ngan Príncipe]].<ref name="CPLP">{{cite web|url=https://www.cplp.org/id-2597.aspx|title=Estados-membros da CPLP|last=|first=|date=7 Pebrero 2017|website=|language=Portuguese|accessdate=|archive-date=2017-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207182400/https://www.cplp.org/id-2597.aspx|url-status=}}</ref> Mayda gihapon ini status hin pagka-co-opisyal ha [[Sinirangan nga Timor]], [[Guinea Ecuatorial]] ngan [[Macau]] ha Tsina. Komo resulta hin pagpahilawig ha kolonyal nga kapanahonan, mayda kultural nga presensya hin mga nayakan hin Pinortuges ngan [[Mga creole nga pinulongan nga nahibase-ha-Pinortuges|Pinortuges nga creole]] nga mabibilngan gihapon ha [[Goa]], [[Daman ngan Diu]] ha India;<ref>{{cite book|title=Learner English: a Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems|author1=Michael Swan |author2=Bernard Smith |year=2001|chapter=Portuguese Speakers|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> ha [[Batticaloa]] ha sidlangan nga labnasan han [[Sri Lanka]]; ha [[Indonesia]]no nga purô han [[Flores]]; ha estado han [[Malacca]] ha [[Malaysia]]; ngan an [[ABC nga kapurupod'an (Antillas Menores)|ABC nga kapurupod'an]] ha Caribe nga diin ginyayakan an [[Papiamento]], samtang an [[Cabo Verdeanon nga Creole]] amo an ginyayakan hin hirayo nga Creole nga nahibase-ha-Pinortuges. In nayakan-hin-Pinortes nga tawo o nasod puyde tawagon nga "[[Lusophone]]" ha Ininggles ngan Pinortuges. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Mga reperensya== {{Reflist|2}} * ''História da Lingua Portuguesa'' [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/conhecer/bases-tematicas/historia-da-lingua-portuguesa.html/ Instituto Camões] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206190639/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/conhecer/bases-tematicas/historia-da-lingua-portuguesa.html |date=2016-02-06 }} * ''A Língua Portuguesa'' in [http://www.linguaportuguesa.ufrn.br/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil] (...) ===Literatura=== * ''Poesia e Prosa Medievais'', by Maria Ema Tarracha Ferreira, Ulisseia 1998, 3rd ed., ISBN 978-9-72-568124-4. * ''Bases Temáticas—Língua, Literatura e Cultura Portuguesa'' in [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/area-conhecer-bases-tematicas Instituto Camões] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605122734/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/area-conhecer-bases-tematicas |date=2014-06-05 }} * ''Portuguese Literature'' in [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12307a.htm The Catholic Encyclopedia] ===Phonology, orthography and grammar=== * {{Cite journal |last=Barbosa |first=Plínio A. |last2=Albano |first2=Eleonora C. |year= 2004 |title=Brazilian Portuguese |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=227–232 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001756 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }} * {{Cite journal |last=Cruz-Ferreira |first=Madalena |year= 1995 |title=European Portuguese |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-phonetic-association-journal_1995-12_25_2/page/90 |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=90–94 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300005223 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }} * Mateus, Maria Helena & d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000) ''The Phonology of Portuguese'' ISBN 01-9823-581-X [http://books.google.com/books?id=Onr9OFylajYC&pg=PP1&ots=qYJ80vag4U&dq=Phonology+of+Portuguese&hl=pt-BR&sig=6ZYy5zVrjHgGIbS8FeqxHuXf--Q#PPA1,M1 (Excerpt available at Google Books)] * Bergström, Magnus & Reis, Neves ''Prontuário Ortográfico'' Editorial Notícias, 2004. * [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/cpp2/index.html A pronúncia do português europeu—European Portuguese Pronunciation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710051842/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/cpp2/index.html |date=2014-07-10 }} * [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa02.html Dialects of Portuguese at the Instituto Camões] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204211046/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa02.html |date=2012-02-04 }} * [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa06.html Audio samples of the dialects of Portugal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418071536/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa06.html |date=2017-04-18 }} * [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa07.html Audio samples of the dialects from outside Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427031743/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/geografia/mapa07.html |date=2015-04-27 }} * [http://learn101.org/portuguese.php Portuguese Grammar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321030809/http://www.learn101.org/portuguese.php |date=2012-03-21 }} ===Reference dictionaries=== * [[Antônio Houaiss]] (2000), ''[[Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa]]'' (228,500 entries). * [[Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira]], ''[[Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa]]'' (1809pp) * [http://www.italian.org.cn/web/epcd/ English–Portuguese–Chinese Dictionary (Freeware for Windows/Linux/Mac)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707050228/http://www.italian.org.cn/web/epcd/ |date=2011-07-07 }} ===Linguistic studies=== * Cook, Manuela. Portuguese Pronouns and Other Forms of Address, from the Past into the Future - Structural, Semantic and Pragmatic Reflections, Ellipsis, vol. 11, APSA, www.portuguese-apsa.com/ellipsis, 2013 * Cook, Manuela. Uma Teoria de Interpretação das Formas de Tratamento na Língua Portuguesa, Hispania, vol 80, nr 3, AATSP, 1997 * Cook, Manuela. On the Portuguese Forms of Address: From "Vossa Mercê" to "Você", Portuguese Studies Review 3.2, Durham: University of New Hampshire, 1995 * Lindley Cintra, Luís F. [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/biblioteca/novaproposta.pdf ''Nova Proposta de Classificação dos Dialectos Galego- Portugueses''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109125936/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/biblioteca/novaproposta.pdf |date=2013-11-09 }} (PDF) Boletim de Filologia, Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Filológicos, 1971. ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{InterWiki|code=pt}} {{sisterlinks|d=Q5146|wikt=Category:Portuguese language|b=Portuguese|commons=Category:Portuguese language|voy=Portuguese phrasebook|v=Category:Portuguese|n=no|species=no|mw=no|m=no|q=no|s=no}} *{{DMOZ|Reference/Dictionaries/World_Languages/P/Portuguese/}} * [http://www.learnbrazilianportuguesefast.com/ Learn Portuguese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217224458/http://learnbrazilianportuguesefast.com/ |date=2014-12-17 }} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/portuguese/ Learn Portuguese] [[BBC]] * [https://www.livelingua.com/fsi-portuguese-course.php USA Foreign Service Institute Portuguese basic course] * {{pt icon}} [http://www.slp.pt/ Society for the Portuguese Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304055138/http://www.slp.pt/ |date=2013-03-04 }} (''Sociedade da Língua Portuguesa'') * [http://www.aulp.org/ AULP—Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa] Portuguese Language Universities Association. * [http://www.academia.org.br/ ABL—Academia Brasileira de letras] (em português)—(Brazilian Academy of Letters) (Portuguese) [[Kaarangay:Portugal]] [[Kaarangay:Yinaknan]] 3xr39hv21304z6qjn834yooidwqmpav 14 160658 7784698 2796246 2026-08-05T19:37:03Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Katilingban 7784698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Katilingban]] hupul8u2t386mday0kl9bus8do5b6if 14 160797 7784703 2582286 2026-08-05T19:46:38Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Optika 7784703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Optika]] tdjkfhrkk4m5bi6ihlhyg6gqyi100iy 0 161452 7784701 2261970 2026-08-05T19:40:29Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Brasil 7784701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:National Congress of Brazil.jpg|thumb]] An '''Nasodnon nga Kongreso han Brasil''' in lawas lehislatibo han kanan Brasil punuan federal. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Brasil]] i4l8c2kdq8k4f9a94szsxi4o3ptyg0u 14 163970 7784702 2596712 2026-08-05T19:46:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Kaarangay:Fisika 7784702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Fisika]] nc78xmmj4g5axej1ghw84p9zjm1hkeg 0 2879529 7784696 6249010 2026-08-05T16:44:03Z Shrekiolous 67693 +categorías 7784696 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''''The Aristocats''''' in usa 1970 nga Amerikano nga animasyon nga pelikula ginpagawas han Walt Disney Productions. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:1970 nga mga pelikula]] [[Kaarangay:Mga pelikula han Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Kaarangay:Mga pelikula han Estados Unidos]] gudh4o1z9gxf6o5qeiept5p8lxefeom 0 2879531 7784697 6249024 2026-08-05T17:08:53Z Shrekiolous 67693 +categorías 7784697 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''''The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh''''' in usa 1977 nga Amerikano nga animasyon nga pelikula ginpagawas han Walt Disney Productions. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:1977 nga mga pelikula]] [[Kaarangay:Mga pelikula han Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Kaarangay:Mga pelikula han Estados Unidos]] dgx1cum9i017gblz7mmdh56nx8qf1a7 0 2881584 7784708 6229275 2026-08-06T06:04:27Z WikiPedant 31061 replaced 1 image with cleaned-up version of same 7784708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Goldie Hawn 2011 v02.jpg|thumb|Goldie Hawn, 2011]] Hi '''Goldie Hawn''' (Nobyembre 21, 1945) in usa ka aktor nga Amerikano. {{turok}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hawn, Goldie}} [[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1945]] [[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Hawn, Goldie]] [[Kaarangay:Mga turók]] 1060p8sw13nr0p3sqgo8ig2rvbq2g2w