Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 14 1224 7789868 7787639 2026-10-18T19:26:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Transport}} [[Kaarangay:Teknolohiya ngan Siyensya nga Aplikado]] [[Kaarangay:Katilingban]] ifbm9cs7jekhkblwcvjajsaoy35jtk1 0 8498 7789857 2022284 2026-10-18T19:10:22Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789857 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Nassau''' amo an [[kapital]] nga [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Bahamas]]. {{Commonscat|Nassau, Bahamas}} [[Kaarangay:Nassau, Bahamas]] 6rgot3bxs2dw052d42xo7ql4qck7j55 0 8877 7789880 7789042 2026-10-18T19:44:20Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Large bonfire.jpg|right|thumb|Dako nga '''kalayo''']] An '''kalayo''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Fire'') amo an [[reaksyon]] kemikal han mga masurunog nga [[materyales]], nga nagha[[hatag]] hin [[lamrag]] ug [[pasò]], ngan iba pa nga [[butang]] [[sugad]] hit [[carbon dioxide]] ug [[tubig]]. [[Kinahanglan]] hin [[oxygen]], súngò (fuel) ngan pasò para magkamayda hin kalayo. Ini in nakaka[[sakit]] kun daku na [[sanglit]] kinahanglan an pag[[hirot]] [[hini]] nga [[ilimintu]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliograpiya== * {{Cite journal|title=Community Involvement in and Management of Forest Fires in South East Asia|url=http://www.asiaforests.org/doc/resources/fire/pffsea/Report_Community.pdf|format=PDF|year=2002|publisher=Project FireFight South East Asia|last=Karki|first=Sameer|accessdate=2009-02-13|postscript=<!--None-->|archive-date=2009-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225154641/http://www.asiaforests.org/doc/resources/fire/pffsea/Report_Community.pdf|url-status=dead}} * Haung, Kai. 2009. Population and Building Factors That Impact Residential Fire Rates in Large U.S. Cities. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. [http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/287/ TXstate.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308201531/http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/287/ |date=2012-03-08 }} * {{cite journal |author=Lentile, Leigh B.; Holden, Zachary A.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Morgan, Penelope; Lewis, Sarah A.; Gessler, Paul E.; Benson, Nate C |title=Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects |url=http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/24613 |year=2006 |journal=International Journal of Wildland Fire |issue=15 |volume=3 |pages=319–345 |doi=10.1071/WF05097 |access-date=2015-02-01 |archive-date=2014-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812022744/http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/24613 |url-status= }} * Kosman, Admiel: [http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/sacred-fire-1.329892 Sacred fire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015225335/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/sacred-fire-1.329892 |date=2015-10-15 }}. In: Thu, January 13, 2011. ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons}} {{Wikiquote|Fire}} * [http://www.howstuffworks.com/Fire.htm How Fire Works] at [[HowStuffWorks]] * [http://www.straightdope.com/columns/021122.html What exactly is fire?] from [[The Straight Dope]] * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/fire/onfire.html On Fire], an [[Adobe Flash]]-based science tutorial from the [[NOVA (TV series)]] * [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast12may_1.htm Spiral flames in microgravity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100319113411/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast12may_1.htm |date=2010-03-19 }} * [http://www.moebuildingcontrol.co.uk/ moebuildingcontrol.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218181408/http://moebuildingcontrol.co.uk/ |date=2014-12-18 }} - UK Guidance on fire safety codes and fire engineering * [http://www.smokeybear.com/ Smokey Bear - Prevent Wildfires] * [https://youtube.com/watch?v=oPWucNgN8TQ Fun Uses with Fire] with a [[Rubens' Tube]] * [http://discovermagazine.com/2011/oct/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-fire#.UwxjwmdwnH5 20 Things You Didn't Know About... Fire] from ''[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]]'' magazine [[Kaarangay:Kalayo| ]] 7ez2ogtx9zrpfpe6d7393mvhv74z3eb 0 8879 7789859 7785845 2026-10-18T19:15:20Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Piraeus map 1908.jpg|thumb|300px|1908 nga mapa han [[Piraeus]], an duungan han [[Athens]], nga nagpapakita han grid plan han syudad]] [[File:Fra Carnevale - The Ideal City - Walters 37677.jpg|thumb|300px|"An Ideal nga Syudad" han [[Renasimyento]] ni [[Fra Carnevale]]. Lana nga tempera nga pagpintar (c1480). Panel ha [[Walters Art Museum]]]] It '''syudad''' ([[Iningles]]: City, [[Pambansa]]: Siyudad, [[Sugbuhanon]]: Siyudad) in uska dagko ngan permamente nga ukyanan hin [[katawhan]].<ref name="Goodall">Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.</ref><ref name="Kuper and Kuper">Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.</ref> [[Bisan]] waray pagkasarabutan kun ano an pagkakaiba han syudad ngadto ha [[bungto]], kadam-an han mga syudad in may-ada partikular nga administratibo, legal, o makasaysayan nga kahimtang nga nakabase ha lokal nga [[balaod]]. '''Siyudad''' uska lugar/[[dapit]] nga may [[tawo]]. [[May-ada]] [[mga]] [[balay]], may-ada mga [[istruktura]], may-ada guin-hi[[himu]] nga istruktura, [[bilding]], may-ada [[tubig]], may-ada [[kalayu]], may-ada [[yilu]], may-ada [[elektroniko]], may-ada [[panaptun]]/[[badu]]/[[sarwal]]/[[salungtiti]]/[[salungpuki]]/[[salungsuso]], may-ada ka-[[antipara]]han, may-ada di[[makina]] nga [[sarakyan]], may-ada [[intabladu]], may-ada [[gubyirnu]], may-ada [[dipartamintu]], may-ada [[libruhanan]], may-ada ''padarahan san surat'' ([[Iningles]]: ''Post Office''). ==Mga reperensya== ===Pinanbasaran=== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliograpiya=== * {{Cite book|last=Bairoch|first=Paul|year=1988|title=Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/citieseconomicde0000bair_g6m7|isbn=0-226-03465-8|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|location=Chicago|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Chandler, T. ''Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census''. Lewiston, NY: [[Edwin Mellen Press]], 1987. * [[Patrick Geddes|Geddes, Patrick]], ''City Development'' (1904) * {{Cite journal|last=Jacobs|first=Jane|year=1969|title=The Economy of Cities|url=https://archive.org/details/economyofcities0000jane|place=New York|publisher=Random House Inc|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book | year=2013 | author= Paul James, Meg Holden, Mary Lewin, Lyndsay Neilson, Christine Oakley, Art Truter, and David Wilmoth | chapter= Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth | title= Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Development | editor= Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer | url= http://www.academia.edu/7207756/Managing_Metropolises_by_Negotiating_Mega-Urban_Growth | publisher= Routledge }} * Kemp, Roger L. '' Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3151-9). * Kemp, Roger L. ''How American Governments Work: A Handbook of City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Operations,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3152-6). * Kemp, Roger L. "City and Gown Relations: A Handbook of Best Practices," McFarland and Copmpany, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, (2013). (ISBN 978-0-7864-6399-2). * Monti, Daniel J., Jr., ''The American City: A Social and Cultural History''. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp.&nbsp;ISBN 978-1-55786-918-0. * [[Lewis Mumford|Mumford, Lewis]], The City in History (1961) * {{Cite book|last=O'Flaherty|first=Brendan|year=2005|title=City Economics|url=https://archive.org/details/cityeconomics0000ofla|place=Cambridge Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=0-674-01918-0|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Pacione|first=Michael|year=2001|title=The City: Critical Concepts in The Social Sciences|place=New York|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-25270-9|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Reader, John (2005) Cities. Vintage, New York. * Robson, W.A., and Regan, D.E., ed., ''Great Cities of the World'', (3d ed., 2 vol., 1972) * [[Witold Rybczynski|Rybczynski, W.]], ''City Life: Urban Expectations in a New World'', (1995) * Smith, Michael E. (2002) [http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-02-EarlyCities.pdf ''The Earliest Cities. In Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, edited by George Gmelch and Walter Zenner''], pp.&nbsp;3–19. 4th ed. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL. * Thernstrom, S., and Sennett, R., ed., ''Nineteenth-Century Cities'' (1969) * [[Arnold J. Toynbee|Toynbee, Arnold J.]] (ed), ''Cities of Destiny'', New York: [[McGraw-Hill]], 1967. Pan historical/geographical essays, many images. Starts with "Athens", ends with "The Coming World City-Ecumenopolis". * [[Max Weber|Weber, Max]], ''[[The City (book)|The City]]'', 1921. (tr. 1958) ===Padugang nga barasahon=== * Berger, Alan S., [http://books.google.com/books?id=INcgTPo-U1cC&printsec=frontcover ''The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems''], Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 1978. * Glaeser, Edward, [http://books.google.com/books?id=-yWTIKsWGm4C&printsec=frontcover ''Triumph of the City''], Penguin, 2011 ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|commons=Category:Cities|wikt=city|s=Cities}} * [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision], Websayt han United Nations Population Division * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Geography/Human_Geography|Heyograpiya han katawhan}} * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Urban_and_Regional_Planning|Urban nga Rehiyonal nga Pagplano}} * [http://e-geopolis.eu/ Geopolis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518214422/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/ |date=2012-05-18 }} - hugpo han manhahalikwat ngan manginginsayod hiunong han pag-aram han kanan kalibutan urbanisasyon, Université Paris Diderot, France [[Kaarangay:Heyograpiya]] [[Kaarangay:Syudad| ]] 9zwxw9517kp74z2wnulkyisuihtcano 7789860 7789859 2026-10-18T19:15:57Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Piraeus map 1908.jpg|thumb|300px|1908 nga mapa han [[Piraeus]], an duungan han [[Athens]], nga nagpapakita han grid plan han syudad]] [[File:Fra Carnevale - The Ideal City - Walters 37677.jpg|thumb|300px|"An Ideal nga Syudad" han [[Renasimyento]] ni [[Fra Carnevale]]. Lana nga tempera nga pagpintar (c1480). Panel ha [[Walters Art Museum]]]] It '''syudad''' ([[Iningles]]: ''City'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Siyudad'', [[Sinugboanon]]: ''Siyudad'') in uska dagko ngan permamente nga ukyanan hin [[katawhan]].<ref name="Goodall">Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.</ref><ref name="Kuper and Kuper">Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.</ref> [[Bisan]] waray pagkasarabutan kun ano an pagkakaiba han syudad ngadto ha [[bungto]], kadam-an han mga syudad in may-ada partikular nga administratibo, legal, o makasaysayan nga kahimtang nga nakabase ha lokal nga [[balaod]]. '''Siyudad''' uska lugar/[[dapit]] nga may [[tawo]]. [[May-ada]] [[mga]] [[balay]], may-ada mga [[istruktura]], may-ada guin-hi[[himu]] nga istruktura, [[bilding]], may-ada [[tubig]], may-ada [[kalayu]], may-ada [[yilu]], may-ada [[elektroniko]], may-ada [[panaptun]]/[[badu]]/[[sarwal]]/[[salungtiti]]/[[salungpuki]]/[[salungsuso]], may-ada ka-[[antipara]]han, may-ada di[[makina]] nga [[sarakyan]], may-ada [[intabladu]], may-ada [[gubyirnu]], may-ada [[dipartamintu]], may-ada [[libruhanan]], may-ada ''padarahan san surat'' ([[Iningles]]: ''Post Office''). ==Mga reperensya== ===Pinanbasaran=== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliograpiya=== * {{Cite book|last=Bairoch|first=Paul|year=1988|title=Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/citieseconomicde0000bair_g6m7|isbn=0-226-03465-8|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|location=Chicago|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Chandler, T. ''Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census''. Lewiston, NY: [[Edwin Mellen Press]], 1987. * [[Patrick Geddes|Geddes, Patrick]], ''City Development'' (1904) * {{Cite journal|last=Jacobs|first=Jane|year=1969|title=The Economy of Cities|url=https://archive.org/details/economyofcities0000jane|place=New York|publisher=Random House Inc|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book | year=2013 | author= Paul James, Meg Holden, Mary Lewin, Lyndsay Neilson, Christine Oakley, Art Truter, and David Wilmoth | chapter= Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth | title= Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Development | editor= Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer | url= http://www.academia.edu/7207756/Managing_Metropolises_by_Negotiating_Mega-Urban_Growth | publisher= Routledge }} * Kemp, Roger L. '' Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3151-9). * Kemp, Roger L. ''How American Governments Work: A Handbook of City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Operations,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3152-6). * Kemp, Roger L. "City and Gown Relations: A Handbook of Best Practices," McFarland and Copmpany, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, (2013). (ISBN 978-0-7864-6399-2). * Monti, Daniel J., Jr., ''The American City: A Social and Cultural History''. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp.&nbsp;ISBN 978-1-55786-918-0. * [[Lewis Mumford|Mumford, Lewis]], The City in History (1961) * {{Cite book|last=O'Flaherty|first=Brendan|year=2005|title=City Economics|url=https://archive.org/details/cityeconomics0000ofla|place=Cambridge Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=0-674-01918-0|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Pacione|first=Michael|year=2001|title=The City: Critical Concepts in The Social Sciences|place=New York|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-25270-9|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Reader, John (2005) Cities. Vintage, New York. * Robson, W.A., and Regan, D.E., ed., ''Great Cities of the World'', (3d ed., 2 vol., 1972) * [[Witold Rybczynski|Rybczynski, W.]], ''City Life: Urban Expectations in a New World'', (1995) * Smith, Michael E. (2002) [http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-02-EarlyCities.pdf ''The Earliest Cities. In Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, edited by George Gmelch and Walter Zenner''], pp.&nbsp;3–19. 4th ed. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL. * Thernstrom, S., and Sennett, R., ed., ''Nineteenth-Century Cities'' (1969) * [[Arnold J. Toynbee|Toynbee, Arnold J.]] (ed), ''Cities of Destiny'', New York: [[McGraw-Hill]], 1967. Pan historical/geographical essays, many images. Starts with "Athens", ends with "The Coming World City-Ecumenopolis". * [[Max Weber|Weber, Max]], ''[[The City (book)|The City]]'', 1921. (tr. 1958) ===Padugang nga barasahon=== * Berger, Alan S., [http://books.google.com/books?id=INcgTPo-U1cC&printsec=frontcover ''The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems''], Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 1978. * Glaeser, Edward, [http://books.google.com/books?id=-yWTIKsWGm4C&printsec=frontcover ''Triumph of the City''], Penguin, 2011 ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|commons=Category:Cities|wikt=city|s=Cities}} * [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision], Websayt han United Nations Population Division * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Geography/Human_Geography|Heyograpiya han katawhan}} * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Urban_and_Regional_Planning|Urban nga Rehiyonal nga Pagplano}} * [http://e-geopolis.eu/ Geopolis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518214422/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/ |date=2012-05-18 }} - hugpo han manhahalikwat ngan manginginsayod hiunong han pag-aram han kanan kalibutan urbanisasyon, Université Paris Diderot, France [[Kaarangay:Heyograpiya]] [[Kaarangay:Syudad| ]] mumr9ihvi1q1oy455o4x02w5p33v1hs 7789873 7789860 2026-10-18T19:33:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Piraeus map 1908.jpg|thumb|300px|1908 nga mapa han [[Piraeus]], an duungan han [[Athens]], nga nagpapakita han grid plan han syudad]] [[File:Fra Carnevale - The Ideal City - Walters 37677.jpg|thumb|300px|"An Ideal nga Syudad" han [[Renasimyento]] ni [[Fra Carnevale]]. Lana nga tempera nga pagpintar (c1480). Panel ha [[Walters Art Museum]]]] It '''syudad''' ([[Iningles]]: ''City'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Siyudad'', [[Sinugboanon]]: ''Siyudad'') in uska dagko ngan permamente nga ukyanan hin [[katawhan]].<ref name="Goodall">Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.</ref><ref name="Kuper and Kuper">Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.</ref> [[Bisan]] waray pagkasarabutan kun ano an pagkakaiba han syudad ngadto ha [[bungto]], kadam-an han mga syudad in may-ada partikular nga administratibo, legal, o makasaysayan nga kahimtang nga nakabase ha lokal nga [[balaod]]. '''Siyudad''' uska lugar/[[dapit]] nga may [[tawo]]. [[May-ada]] [[mga]] [[balay]], may-ada mga [[istruktura]], may-ada guin-hi[[himu]] nga istruktura, [[bilding]], may-ada [[tubig]], may-ada [[kalayu]], may-ada [[yilu]], may-ada [[elektroniko]], may-ada [[panaptun]]/[[badu]]/[[sarwal]]/[[salungtiti]]/[[salungpuki]]/[[salungsuso]], may-ada ka-[[antipara]]han, may-ada di[[makina]] nga [[sarakyan]], may-ada [[intabladu]], may-ada [[gubyirnu]], may-ada [[dipartamintu]], may-ada [[libruhanan]], may-ada ''padarahan san surat'' ([[Iningles]]: ''Post Office''). ==Mga reperensya== ===Pinanbasaran=== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliograpiya=== * {{Cite book|last=Bairoch|first=Paul|year=1988|title=Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/citieseconomicde0000bair_g6m7|isbn=0-226-03465-8|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|location=Chicago|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Chandler, T. ''Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census''. Lewiston, NY: [[Edwin Mellen Press]], 1987. * [[Patrick Geddes|Geddes, Patrick]], ''City Development'' (1904) * {{Cite journal|last=Jacobs|first=Jane|year=1969|title=The Economy of Cities|url=https://archive.org/details/economyofcities0000jane|place=New York|publisher=Random House Inc|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book | year=2013 | author= Paul James, Meg Holden, Mary Lewin, Lyndsay Neilson, Christine Oakley, Art Truter, and David Wilmoth | chapter= Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth | title= Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Development | editor= Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer | url= http://www.academia.edu/7207756/Managing_Metropolises_by_Negotiating_Mega-Urban_Growth | publisher= Routledge }} * Kemp, Roger L. '' Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3151-9). * Kemp, Roger L. ''How American Governments Work: A Handbook of City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Operations,'' McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3152-6). * Kemp, Roger L. "City and Gown Relations: A Handbook of Best Practices," McFarland and Copmpany, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK, (2013). (ISBN 978-0-7864-6399-2). * Monti, Daniel J., Jr., ''The American City: A Social and Cultural History''. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp.&nbsp;ISBN 978-1-55786-918-0. * [[Lewis Mumford|Mumford, Lewis]], The City in History (1961) * {{Cite book|last=O'Flaherty|first=Brendan|year=2005|title=City Economics|url=https://archive.org/details/cityeconomics0000ofla|place=Cambridge Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=0-674-01918-0|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * {{Cite book|last=Pacione|first=Michael|year=2001|title=The City: Critical Concepts in The Social Sciences|place=New York|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-25270-9|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} * Reader, John (2005) Cities. Vintage, New York. * Robson, W.A., and Regan, D.E., ed., ''Great Cities of the World'', (3d ed., 2 vol., 1972) * [[Witold Rybczynski|Rybczynski, W.]], ''City Life: Urban Expectations in a New World'', (1995) * Smith, Michael E. (2002) [http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-02-EarlyCities.pdf ''The Earliest Cities. In Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, edited by George Gmelch and Walter Zenner''], pp.&nbsp;3–19. 4th ed. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL. * Thernstrom, S., and Sennett, R., ed., ''Nineteenth-Century Cities'' (1969) * [[Arnold J. Toynbee|Toynbee, Arnold J.]] (ed), ''Cities of Destiny'', New York: [[McGraw-Hill]], 1967. Pan historical/geographical essays, many images. Starts with "Athens", ends with "The Coming World City-Ecumenopolis". * [[Max Weber|Weber, Max]], ''[[The City (book)|The City]]'', 1921. (tr. 1958) ===Padugang nga barasahon=== * Berger, Alan S., [http://books.google.com/books?id=INcgTPo-U1cC&printsec=frontcover ''The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems''], Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 1978. * Glaeser, Edward, [http://books.google.com/books?id=-yWTIKsWGm4C&printsec=frontcover ''Triumph of the City''], Penguin, 2011 ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|commons=Category:Cities|wikt=city|s=Cities}} * [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision], Websayt han United Nations Population Division * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Geography/Human_Geography|Heyograpiya han katawhan}} * {{Dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Urban_and_Regional_Planning|Urban nga Rehiyonal nga Pagplano}} * [http://e-geopolis.eu/ Geopolis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518214422/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/ |date=2012-05-18 }} - hugpo han manhahalikwat ngan manginginsayod hiunong han pag-aram han kanan kalibutan urbanisasyon, Université Paris Diderot, France [[Kaarangay:Syudad| ]] t5c5040uxr7yzn0j2cdi0lgpzp3h8s4 0 8880 7789855 7652473 2026-10-18T19:06:11Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kontinente 7789855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Continental_models-Australia.gif|thumb]] An '''kontinente''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Continent'') amo an usa ha pipira nga haglu-ag nga katunaan han [[Kalibutan]]. Nakikilala an tagsa-tagsa hini, diri tungod han biskan ano nga basehan, kun diri, an pagkarawat han kadam-an. [[Pito]] ka [[rehiyon]] an agsob nga igkilala. Tikang han pinaka-dako ngadto ha pinaka-guti, amo ini an [[Asya]], [[Aprika]], [[Amihanan nga Amerika]], [[Salatan nga Amerika]], [[Antartika]], [[Europa]], and [[Australya]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Wikidata property |1=P30 |2=continent }} * [https://youtube.com/watch?v=3uBcq1x7P34 "What are continents?"] [[YouTube]] video by [[CGPGrey]] * {{Commons category-inline|Continents}} [[Kaarangay:Kontinente| ]] q38xl23i8p63sc8je5vttb7bw8mxbz6 0 9579 7789901 7783540 2026-10-19T01:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 7789901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Mars Hubble.jpg|right|thumb|Mars]] An '''Marte''' (simbulu: [[File:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) amo an ikaupat nga [[planeta]] tikang ha [[Adlaw]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Sister project links}} * {{dmoz|Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Planets/Mars/}} * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mars Exploration Program] * [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4212/on-mars.html On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958–1978] from the NASA History Office. * {{Wayback |date=20010416234927 |url=http://www.marsunearthed.com/ |title=Mars Unearthed }}—Comparisons of terrains between Earth and Mars * [http://dualmoments.com/marsrovers/index.html Be on Mars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102181818/http://www.dualmoments.com/marsrovers/index.html |date=2022-11-02 }}—Anaglyphs from the Mars Rovers (3D) * [http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Archive/Archive-Mars.html Mars articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220422234825/http://www.geody.com/?world=mars Geody Mars]—World's search engine that supports [[NASA World Wind]], [[Celestia]], and other applications * [http://www.marssociety.org/ Mars Society]—The [[Mars Society]], an international organization dedicated to the study, exploration, and settlement of Mars. * [http://ice.tsu.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=24&Itemid=92 New Papers about Martian Geomorphology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116162608/http://ice.tsu.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=24&Itemid=92 |date=2011-11-16 }} * [http://www.distancetomars.com/ How far is it to Mars?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202021609/http://www.distancetomars.com/ |date=2015-02-02 }} ; Media * [http://sos.noaa.gov/videos/Mars.mov Video – Mars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028063012/http://sos.noaa.gov/videos/Mars.mov |date=2011-10-28 }} (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). * {{YouTube|Jr1Xu2i-Uc0|Video (04:32) – Evidence for "Vigorously" Flowing Water on Ancient Mars (September 2012).}} * [http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/03/4-billion-pixel-mars-panorama/ Panoramic View of Gale Crater on Mars (4 billion pixels) (March, 2013).] * [http://www.panoramas.dk/mars/ Panoramic Views of Mars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416233429/http://www.panoramas.dk/mars/ |date=2013-04-16 }} ([http://www.360pano.eu/show/?id=733 Curiosity Rover 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122012411/http://www.360pano.eu/show/?id=733 |date=2014-11-22 }} and [http://www.360pano.eu/show/?id=731 Curiosty Rover 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819155927/http://www.360pano.eu/show/?id=731 |date=2012-08-19 }}). * [http://www.maniacworld.com/mars_mariner_valley.htm Computer Simulated Flight into Mariner Valley.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513161927/http://www.maniacworld.com/mars_mariner_valley.htm |date=2011-05-13 }} * [http://themis.asu.edu/valles_video/ 3D-Flight into Mariner Valley.] * {{Wayback |date=20080105165647 |url=http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/episode-52-mars/ |title=Mars}} [[Astronomy Cast]] episode #52, includes full transcript. * [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-bell/pictures-of-mars_b_791652.html#198680 15 Amazing Pictures of the Red Planet]&nbsp;– slideshow at ''[[The Huffington Post]]''. * [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA15567 Storm Front.] * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/express/gallery/martianterrain/press_photo_nature05356_5.html Buried basins.] * [http://hirise-pds.lpl.arizona.edu/PDS/EXTRAS/RDR/ESP/ORB_016600_016699/ESP_016682_2650/ESP_016682_2650_RGB.NOMAP.browse.jpg Dunes.] [http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_016682_2650 source.] * [http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/05/20/2003.05.20.syriastorm.jpg Mars.] [http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/05/20/ source.] ; Cartographic resources * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MARS/target Mars nomenclature] and [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/mars1to5mTHEMIS Mars map with feature names] from the [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/ USGS planetary nomenclature page] * [http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/PDS/public/explorer/html/marspick.htm PDS Map-a-planet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184918/http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/PDS/public/explorer/html/marspick.htm |date=2008-05-09 }} * [http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-viking-en.pdf Viking Photomap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224211834/http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-viking-en.pdf |date=2009-02-24 }} * [http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-mola-en.pdf MOLA (topographic) map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027185557/http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-mola-en.pdf |date=2013-10-27 }} * [http://www.worldwindcentral.com/wiki/Mars 3D maps of Mars in NASA World Wind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012233842/http://www.worldwindcentral.com/wiki/Mars |date=2008-10-12 }} * [http://www.google.com/mars/ Google Mars]—Interactive image of Mars * [http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/ Mars - Geologic Map] ([[USGS]], 2014) ([http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/pdf/sim3292_map.pdf original] / [[:File:USGS-MarsMap-sim3292-20140714-crop.png|crop]] / [[:File:USGS-MarsMap-sim3292-20140714-full.png|full]] / [https://youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU video (00:56)]). {{Turók}} {{Commonscat|Mars}} [[Kaarangay:Marte]] 0h85kis0s3ne6cr2bcw08gqf2lllp59 0 9619 7789811 7784613 2026-10-18T15:28:23Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Nasod |native_name = ''Republik Nijeriya''<br />''Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà'' {{Ig icon}}<br />''Republik Federaal bu Niiseriya'' {{Ff icon}}<br />''Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà'' {{Yo icon}}<br />''جمهورية نيجيريا''{{Ha icon}} |conventional_long_name = Federal Republic of Nigeria |common_name = Nigeria |image_flag = Flag of Nigeria.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg |image_map = LocationNigeria.svg |national_motto = "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" |national_anthem = "[[Arise, O Compatriots]]" |official_languages = [[Nigerian English|English]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Igbo language|Igbo]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]]{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} |regional_languages = [[Languages of Nigeria]] |capital = [[Abuja]] |latd=9 |latm=4 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=29 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Lagos]] |government_type = [[presidential system|Presidential]] [[Federal republic]] |leader_title1 = [[President of Nigeria|President]] |leader_title2 = <small>[[President of Nigeria|Acting President]]</small> |leader_name1 = [[Muhammadu Buhari]] |leader_name2 = <small> [[- -]] </small> |area_rank = 32nd |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |area_km2 = 923,768 |area_sq_mi = 356,667 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.4 |population_estimate = 154,729,000<ref name=unpop>{{cite paper | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | format=.PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | date=2009 | accessdate= 2009-03-12}}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 8th |population_estimate_year = 2009 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 167.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 433.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 71st |GDP_PPP = $319.572 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=694&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=83&pr.y=11 |title=Nigeria|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 37th |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,162<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 139th |GDP_nominal = $207.116 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 41st |GDP_nominal_year = 2008 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,401<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 127th |HDI = {{increase}} 0.511<ref name="UN">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2009. Human development index trends: Table G|publisher=The United Nations|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 158th |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI_category = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font> |FSI = 95.6 {{increase}} 1.2 |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = 17th |FSI_category = <span style="color:#F00;">Alert</span> |Gini = 43.7 |Gini_year = 2003 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span> |currency = [[Nigerian naira]] (₦) |currency_code = NGN |country_code = NGA |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = ''not observed'' |utc_offset_DST = +1 |demonym = [[Nigerian people|Nigerian]] |sovereignty_type = [[History of Nigeria|Independence]] |sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]] |established_event1 = Unification of [[Southern Nigeria|Southern]] and [[Northern Nigeria]] by [[Frederick Lugard]] |established_date1 = 1914 |established_event2 = Declared and recognized |established_date2 = October 1, 1960 |established_event3 = Republic declared |established_date3 = October 1, 1963 |drives_on = right |cctld = [[.ng]] |calling_code = [[+234]] |footnotes = ¹ Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. ² The GDP estimate is as of 2006; the total and per capita ranks, however, are based on 2005 numbers. }}An '''Nigerya''' amo an usa ka [[nasod]] han [[katundan nga Apriká]]. An [[kapital]] han nasod amo an [[Abuja]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Sister project links|voy=Nigeria}} * {{Wikiatlas|Nigeria}} * {{Commons category-inline|Banknotes of Nigeria}} <!--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Occasionally_acceptable_links 2. Web directories: When deemed appropriate by those contributing to an article on Wikipedia, a link to one web directory listing can be added, with preference to open directories (if two are comparable and only one is open).--> * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} * {{CIA World Factbook link|ni|Nigeria}} * [http://www.africa.com/nigeria/ Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112081105/http://www.africa.com/nigeria/ |date=2015-01-12 }} profile from [[Africa.com]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nigeria.htm Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611190201/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nigeria.htm |date=2010-06-11 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Nigeria}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13949550 Nigeria profile] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.theinfostrides.com/forum/index.php?topic=257.0 Know More About Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023123016/http://www.theinfostrides.com/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=f954d73ed1abfee680117f920731e399&topic=257.0 |date=2014-10-23 }} ;Development * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NG Key Development Forecasts for Nigeria] from [[International Futures]] ;Trade * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NGA/Year/2012/Summary Nigeria 2012 Trade Summary Statistics] ;Finance *[https://youtube.com/watch?v=icTfhXZqp-8&list=UUGwuxdEeCf0TIA2RbPOj-8g&index=284 Sanusi Lamido Sanusi: Reforming Nigeria's Financial Sector] [[Kaarangay:Nasod]] [[Kaarangay:Nigeria| ]] dj7nzpfyrim2y64fvrca3sd8jnjougk 0 13879 7789917 7782545 2026-10-19T08:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 7789917 wikitext text/x-wiki ''[[Mercury (element)]]'' [[Paypay:Mercury in color - Prockter07 centered.jpg|right|thumb|Planeta han Merkuryo]] An '''Merkuryo''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Mercury''; simbulu: [[File:Mercury symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|☿]]) amo an usa ka planeta ha [[sistema solar]]. Amo ini an syahan nga planeta tikang ha [[adlaw]]. == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Wikiquote}} {{SpecialChars}} {{Sister project links|Mercury (planet)|voy=no}} {{Commons category-inline|Mercury (planet)}} * [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-423/sp423.htm Mariner 10 Atlas of Mercury – NASA] * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MERCURY/target Mercury nomenclature] and [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/mercuryQuadMap map with feature names] from the USGS planetary nomenclature page * [http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/ MESSENGER Mission web site] * [http://messenger-act.actgate.com/msgr_public_released/react_quickmap.html Mercury QuickMap from MESSENGER web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520025929/http://messenger-act.actgate.com/msgr_public_released/react_quickmap.html |date=2016-05-20 }} * [http://www.solarviews.com/eng/mercury.htm SolarViews.com – Mercury] * [http://www.astronomycast.com/2007/08/episode-49-mercury/ Astronomy Cast: Mercury] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080222023906/http://www.geody.com/?world=mercury Geody Mercury] World's search engine that supports [[NASA World Wind]], [[Celestia]], and other applications. * [http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Day_On_Mercury/day_on_mercury_full.htm A Day On Mercury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416170459/http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Day_On_Mercury/day_on_mercury_full.htm |date=2016-04-16 }} flash animation * [http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Archive/Archive-Mercury.html Mercury articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries] * [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/BepiColombo_overview2 'BepiColombo', ESA's Mercury Mission] 5 June 2013 * {{cite web|last=Bauer|first=Amanda|title=Mercury|url=http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/mercury.htm|work=Sixty Symbols|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] for the [[University of Nottingham]]|author2=Merrifield, Michael|date=2009|access-date=2015-01-12|archive-date=2016-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309214114/http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/mercury.htm|url-status=}} * [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130612.html MESSENGER False Color Mercury Globe Spin] – [[Astronomy Picture of the Day|APOD]] [[Kaarangay:Merkuryo]] aj7odlo283hg6bnr9q5cf8fuv1ryjd5 0 15012 7789874 7787257 2026-10-18T19:35:38Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Waves_lajolla.jpg|thumb]] An '''dagat'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 64. Iningles: ''sea; ocean; sea water''</ref> o [[kadagatan]] ([[Iningles]]: ''Sea'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Dagat'') amo an dako nga lugar han mga mapag-ad o maasin nga tubig nga kaparte han [[kalawdan]], o dako nga [[tubig]] [[ma-asin]] o [[mapag-ad]] han sirado nga [[danaw]] (sugad han [[Dagat Caspio]] ngan [[Patay nga Dagat]]). == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} == Padugang nga barasarahon == * {{cite book |title=World Mythology |url=https://archive.org/details/worldmythology0000unse_u8h4 |last=Cotterell |first=Arthur (ed.) |year=2000 |publisher=Parragon |isbn=978-0-7525-3037-6 }} * {{cite book|ref=Kindersley | title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Ocean |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5c3 | publisher=Dorling Kindersley | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-4053-3308-5}} * {{cite book|ref=Stow | title=Encyclopedia of the Oceans |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofoc0000stow | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Stow, Dorrik | year=2004 | isbn=0-19-860687-7}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Sister project links|sea| wikt=sea|q=sea|commonscat=Category:Sea|}} * [http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—NOAA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424102601/http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html |date=2013-04-24 }} * {{dmoz|Science/Environment/Water_Resources/Oceans|Oceans}} [[Kaarangay:Mga kadagatan| ]] 6aimbpfd0vqsv97gor619q05lez305l 0 15013 7789876 7787258 2026-10-18T19:38:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationOceans.png|thumb]] An '''kalawdan''', '''lawod''' o '''kalalawdan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Ocean'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Karagatan'') amo an dako nga lugar han [[ma-asin]] nga [[dagat]] ha butnga han mga [[kontinente]]. Dagko nga haglarom an mga kalawdan ngan nagdudug-tong ini han mga gudti nga dagat. 1. [[Lawud Pasipiku]] 2. [[Lawud Atlantiku]] 3. [[Lawud Indiano]] ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} == Padugang nga barasahon == * Matthias Tomczak and J. Stuart Godfrey. 2003. ''Regional Oceanography: an Introduction''. (see [http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/ the site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630202249/http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/ |date=2007-06-30 }}) * Pope, F. 2009. From eternal darkness springs cast of angels and jellied jewels. ''in'' '''The Times'''. November 23. 2009 p.&nbsp;16–17. ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== *[http://www.worldoceansday.org/ World Oceans Day - The Ocean Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124165505/https://worldoceansday.org/ |date=2021-01-24 }} - [[Hunyo 8]] *[http://www.worldoceanday.com/ World Oceans Day - World Ocean Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122041329/http://www.worldoceanday.com/ |date=2008-11-22 }} {{Commonscat|Oceans}} {{wikiquote|Oceans}} {{Wiktionary}} * {{dmoz|Science/Environment/Water_Resources/Oceans|Oceans}} * [http://ocean.si.edu Smithsonian Ocean Portal] * [http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Ocean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424102601/http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html |date=2013-04-24 }} * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/o/ocean.htm Ocean :: Science Daily] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225033352/https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/o/ocean.htm |date=2018-12-25 }} * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081215091011.htm Ocean-bearing Planets: Looking For Extraterrestrial Life In All The Right Places] * [http://mindblowingscience.com/latest-news/titan-likely-to-have-huge-underground-ocean/ Titan Likely To Have Huge Underground Ocean | Mind Blowing Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725184001/http://mindblowingscience.com/latest-news/titan-likely-to-have-huge-underground-ocean/ |date=2018-07-25 }} * [http://www.oceansatlas.com/unatlas/about/howoceanswereformed2/originsofoceans/originofocean2jte.html Origins of the oceans and continents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915012040/http://www.oceansatlas.com/unatlas/about/howoceanswereformed2/originsofoceans/originofocean2jte.html |date=2007-09-15 }}". ''[http://www.oceansatlas.com/ UN Atlas of the Oceans].'' [[Kaarangay:Mga kadagatan| ]] switbfeho478v1ne90ltcvamcj1rrfk 0 15073 7789851 7785657 2026-10-18T17:28:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Alemanya 7789851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = Aleman nga Reich | native_name = ''Deutsches Reich'' (1933–1943)<br />''Großdeutsches Reich'' (1943–1945) | common_name = Alemanya | continent = Europa | country = Alemanya | era = [[Interwar period]]/[[Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan]] | event_start = [[Machtergreifung]] | year_start =1933 | date_start = 30 Enero | event1 = [[Gleichschaltung]] | date_event1 = 27 Pebrero 1933 | event2 = [[Anschluss]] | date_event2 = 12 Marso 1938 | event3 = [[Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan]] | date_event3 = 1 Septyembre 1939 | event4 = [[Kamatayan ni Adolf Hitler]] | date_event4 = 30 Abril 1945 | event_end = [[German Instrument of Surrender|Surrender of Germany]] | year_end = 1945 | date_end = 8 Mayo | legislature = [[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]] | house1 = [[Reichsrat (Germany)|Reichsrat]] | type_house1 = State council | p1 = Weimar Republic | flag_p1 =Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg | p2 = Federal State of Austria | flag_p2 = Flag of Austria.svg | s1 = Flensburg Government | flag_s1 = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg | image_flag = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg <!-- Do not replace with NSDAP flag, as the two are not identical. NSDAP flag is symmetrical, this one isn't. --> | flag = Flag of Germany#Nazi Germany | flag_type = Flag (1935–45) | image_coat = Reichsadler.svg | coa_size = 100px | symbol_type = Emblem (1935–45) | symbol = Coat of arms of Germany#Nazi Germany | image_map2 = World War II in Europe, 1942.svg | image_map2_caption = Europe at the height of Axis success (1941–1942) {{plainlist | style = padding-left: 0.6em; text-align: left; | * {{Legend|#313131|[[Greater Germany]]{{efn|name=annexed}}}} * {{Legend|#555555|[[German-occupied Europe|Areas under German and/or Axis occupation]]}} * {{Legend|#818181|German [[Axis powers|allies]],{{efn|name=annexed}} [[Co-belligerence#Finland as co-belligerent with Germany in World War Two|co-belligerents]], and [[Puppet state#Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|puppet states]]{{efn|name=annexed}}}} * {{Legend|#c75e5e|[[Soviet Union]] (Allied-held)}} * {{Legend|#658a6f|[[Western Allies|Western Allied-held]]}} * {{Legend|#ffffff|[[Neutrality (international relations)|Neutral countries]]}} }} | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{plainlist | * ''[[Das Lied der Deutschen]]''<br>''{{small|Awit han mga Aleman}}'' * ''[[Horst-Wessel-Lied]]''<br>''{{small|Horst Wessel nga Awit}}''<br /><center>[[File:Песня Хорста Весселя.ogg]]</center> }} | capital = Berlin | largest_city = capital | common_languages = Inaleman | government_type = [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[single-party state]]<br />[[Totalitarian dictatorship]] | title_leader = [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President]] / [[Führer]] | leader1 = [[Paul von Hindenburg]] | year_leader1 = 1933–1934 | leader2 = [[Adolf Hitler]]{{efn|name=vacant}} | year_leader2 = 1934–1945 | leader3 = [[Karl Dönitz]] | year_leader3 = 1945 | title_deputy = [[List of Chancellors of Germany|Chancellor]] | deputy1= [[Adolf Hitler]] | year_deputy1 = 1933–1945 | deputy2 = [[Joseph Goebbels]] | year_deputy2 = 1945 | deputy3 = [[Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk]] | year_deputy3 = 1945 (as leading minister) | stat_area1 = 633786 | stat_pop1 = 69314000 | stat_year1 = 1939 | ref_area1 ={{efn|name=statistics}} | ref_pop1 = {{sfn|Statistisches Jahrbuch|2006|p=34}} | currency = [[Reichsmark]] (ℛℳ) |today = {{flag|Austria}}<br/>{{flag|Czech Republic}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|Poland}}<br/>{{flag|Russia}} | footnotes = }} An '''Alemanya (nga) Nazi''' o kundi man '''Nazi nga Alemanya''' amo an impormal nga ngaran nga ginhatag ha Alemanya han 1933 ngadto ha 1945. Amo ini an panahon nga kan [[Adolf Hitler]] partido [[Nazi]] amo an nagkakapot ha [[Alemanya]]. ==Kasaysayan== ===Gintikangan=== Nagkuri oraora an ekonomiya han Alemanya kahuman san ''World War I'', tungod san san maga baraydan sini sa ''reparations'' na kinahanglan nira bayaran sigun san ''1919 [[Treaty of Versailles]]''. Nag-imprinta an gobyerno sin kwarta pambayad sa kanra ''war debt'' na nagresulta san ''[[hyperinflation]]'' ngan ginsundan naman san paghitaas san mga presyo san mga paraliton, ''economic chaos'', ngan mga ''food riots''.{{sfn|Evans|2003|p=103–108}} San wara pakabayad an gobyerno san reparations sadton Enero 1923, Gin-okupahan san mga Pranses na sundalo an mga industrial na lugar san Alemanya sa ligid san [[Ruhr]]. Nagresulta ini san darako na ''civil unrest''.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=186–187}} ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan|20em}} ==Bibliograpiya== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite web | url = http://www.dipublico.com.ar/english/agreement-between-the-governments-of-the-united-kingdom-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-union-of-soviet-socialist-republics-and-the-provisional-government-of-the-french-republic-on-certain-add/ | title = Agreement Between the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Provisional Government of the French Republic on Certain Additional Requirements to be Imposed on Germany | date = 20 Septyembre 1945 | publisher = dipublico.com | ref = {{sfnRef|Allied Agreement|1945}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Antill | first = Peter | title = Berlin 1945: End of the Thousand Year Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/berlin1945endoft0000anti | date = 2005 | publisher = Osprey | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 1-84176-915-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Beevor | first = Antony | authorlink = Antony Beevor | title = [[Berlin: The Downfall 1945]] | date = 2002 | publisher = Viking-Penguin Books | location = London | isbn = 978-0-670-03041-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Beevor | first = Antony | title = [[The Second World War (book)|The Second World War]] | date = 2012 | publisher = Little, Brown | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-316-02374-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Bendersky | first = Joseph W. | title = A Concise History of Nazi Germany: 1919–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0003bend | date = 2007| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | location = Lanham, MD | isbn = 978-0-7425-5363-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Berben | first = Paul | title = Dachau 1933–1945: The Official History | url = https://archive.org/details/dachau19331945of0000berb | date = 1975 | publisher = Norfolk Press | location = London | isbn = 0-85211-009-X | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Berghahn | first = Volker R. | authorlink = Volker Berghahn | chapter = Germans and Poles, 1871–1945 | title = Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences | url = https://archive.org/details/germanyeasterneu0000unse_t5e4 | series = Yearbook of European Studies | publisher = Rodopi | location = Amsterdam; Atlanta | date = 1999 | isbn = 90-420-0688-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | last1 = Beyer | first1 = John C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = Stephen A. | title = Forced Labour under the Third Reich&nbsp;– Part 1 | publisher = Nathan Associates | url = http://www.nathaninc.com/sites/default/files/Pub%20PDFs/Forced%20Labor%20Under%20the%20Third%20Reich,%20Part%20One.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 12 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Beyer & Schneider}} | archive-date = 9 Mayo 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509054212/http://www.nathaninc.com/sites/default/files/Pub%20PDFs/Forced%20Labor%20Under%20the%20Third%20Reich,%20Part%20One.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite journal | last = Biddiscombe | first = Perry | title = Dangerous Liaisons: The Anti-Fraternization Movement in the US Occupation Zones of Germany and Austria, 1945–1948 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-social-history_spring-2001_34_3/page/611 | journal = Journal of Social History | date = 2001 | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 611–647 | doi = 10.1353/jsh.2001.0002 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Boczek | first = Bolesław Adam | title = International Law: A Dictionary | url = https://archive.org/details/internationallaw0000bocz | date = 2005 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, MD | isbn = 0-8108-5078-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Braun | first = Hans-Joachim | title = Aero-Engine Production in the Third Reich | journal = History of Technology | date = 1992 | volume = 14 | pages = 1–15 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | last1 = Busse | first1 = Reinhard | last2 = Riesberg | first2 = Annette | title = Health Care Systems In Transition: Germany | date = 2004 | publisher = WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies | location = Copenhagen | format = PDF | url = http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/80703/E85472.pdf | accessdate = 15 Mayo 2013 | ref = harv | archive-date = 2020-03-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321225609/http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/80703/E85472.pdf | url-status = }} * {{Cite web | title = Children during the Holocaust | publisher = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | url = http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 | accessdate = 24 Abril 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Holocaust Memorial Museum: Children}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Clark | first = Christopher M. | authorlink = Chris Clark (historian) | title = Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 | url = https://archive.org/details/ironkingdomrised00chri | date = 2006 | publisher = Penguin Group | location = London | isbn = 978-0-674-02385-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Closmann | first = Charles | editor1-last = Brüggemeier | editor1-first = Franz-Josef | editor2-last = Cioc | editor2-first = Mark | editor3-last = Zeller | editor3-first = Thomas | title = How Green Were the Nazis?: Nature, Environment, and Nation in the Third Reich | chapter = Legalizing a ''Volksgemeinschaft'': Nazi Germany's Reich Nature Protection Law of 1935 | date = 2005 | publisher = Ohio University Press | location = Athens | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | editor1-last = Constable | editor1-first = George | title = Fists of Steel | series = The Third Reich | date = 1988 | publisher = Time-Life Books | location = Alexandria, VA | isbn = 0-8094-6966-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Conway | first = John S | authorlink = John S. Conway (historian) | title = The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933–1945 | date = 2001 | publisher = Regent College Publishing | location = Vancouver | isbn = 1-57383-080-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Cuomo | first = Glenn R. | title = National Socialist Cultural Policy | date = 1995 | publisher = Palgrave MacMillan | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-312-09094-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = Dachau | publisher = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | url = http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005214 | accessdate = 14 Hulyo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Holocaust Memorial Museum: Dachau}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Davies | first = Norman | authorlink = Norman Davies | title = Rising '44: the Battle for Warsaw | url = https://archive.org/details/rising44battlefo0000davi_l9z3 | date = 2003 | publisher = Viking | location = New York | isbn = 0-670-03284-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Davis | first = Richard G. | title = German Rail Yards and Cities: U.S. Bombing Policy 1944–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_air-power-history_summer-1995_42_2/page/46 | journal = Air Power History | date = 1995 | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 46–63 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | title = Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority with Respect to Germany and Supplementary Statements | journal = American Journal of International Law | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | date= Hulyo 1945 | pages = 171–178 | jstor = 221392 | doi = 10.2307/2213921 | ref = {{sfnRef|Berlin Declaration|1945}} }} * {{Cite book | last = DeGregori | first = Thomas R. | title = [[Bountiful Harvest|Bountiful Harvest: Technology, Food Safety, and the Environment]] | publisher = Cato Institute | location = Washington | date = 2002 | isbn = 1-930865-31-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | last = DeLong | first = J. Bradford | authorlink = J. Bradford DeLong | title = Slouching Towards Utopia?: The Economic History of the Twentieth Century. XV. Nazis and Soviets | date= Pebrero 1997 | publisher = University of California at Berkeley | work = econ161.berkeley.edu | url = http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Purge15.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511190923/http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Purge15.html | accessdate = 21 Abril 2013 | archivedate = 11 Mayo 2008 | ref = harv | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Dorland | first = Michael | title = Cadaverland: Inventing a Pathology of Catastrophe for Holocaust Survival: The Limits of Medical Knowledge and Memory in France | publisher = University Press of New England | series = Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry series | location = Waltham, Mass | date = 2009 | isbn = 1-58465-784-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Douglas | first = R.M | title = Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War | url = https://archive.org/details/orderlyhumaneexp0000doug | date = 2012 | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven | isbn = 978-0-300-16660-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | title = Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN | volume = 3 | date = 2004 | publisher = Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe | location = Warsaw | language = Polish | isbn = 83-01-14179-4 | ref = {{sfnRef|Powszechna PWN|2004}} }} * {{Cite web | title = "Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus | date = 2012 | work = Das Bundesarchiv | publisher = Government of Germany | language = German | url = http://www.bundesarchiv.de/benutzung/zeitbezug/nationalsozialismus/00303/index.html.de | accessdate = 19 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Bundesarchiv}} | archive-date = 21 Oktubre 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021060807/http://www.bundesarchiv.de/benutzung/zeitbezug/nationalsozialismus/00303/index.html.de | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | authorlink = Richard J. Evans | title = [[The Coming of the Third Reich]] | date = 2003 | publisher = Penguin | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-14-303469-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | date = 2005 | title = The Third Reich in Power | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreichinpowe00evan | publisher = Penguin | location = New York | isbn =978-0-14-303790-3 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | date = 2008 | title = The Third Reich at War | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreichatwar00evan_0 | publisher = Penguin | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-14-311671-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | title = Cosmopolitan Islanders: British Historians and the European Continent | url = https://archive.org/details/cosmopolitanisla0000evan | date = 2009 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; New York | isbn = 978-0-521-19998-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Farago | first = Ladislas | authorlink = Ladislas Farago | date = 1972 | origyear = 1942 | title = German Psychological Warfare | publisher = Arno Press | location = New York | series = International Propaganda and Communications |isbn = 978-0-405-04747-3 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Fest | first = Joachim | authorlink = Joachim Fest | title = Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler 1933–1945 | date = 1996 | publisher = Weidenfield & Nicolson | location = London | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Flint | first = Colin | title = To Explain or Understand Evil: Comparing Hermeneutic and Rational Choice Approaches to the Analysis of Nazism | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_social-science-quarterly_1998-06_79_2/page/466 | journal = Social Science Quarterly | date= Hunyo 1998 | volume = 79 | issue = 2 | pages = 466–474 | publisher = University of Texas Press | location = Austin | jstor = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Freeman | first = Michael J. | title = Atlas of Nazi Germany: A Political, Economic, and Social Anatomy of the Third Reich | date = 1995 | publisher = Longman | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-0-582-23924-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Friedländer | first = Saul | authorlink = Saul Friedländer | title = Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/nazigermanyjews10000frie | date = 2009 | publisher = Harper Perennial | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-135027-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Fritzsche | first = Peter | title = Life and Death in the Third Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/lifedeathinthird0000frit | date = 2008 | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-674-03465-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Gellately | first = Robert | title = Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany | date = 2001 | publisher = Princeton University Press | isbn = 978-0-691-08684-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Gellately | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Gellately | title = Reviewed work(s): Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan by Czeslaw Madajczyk. Der "Generalplan Ost". Hauptlinien der nationalsozialistischen Planungs- und Vernichtungspolitik by Mechtild Rössler; Sabine Schleiermacher | journal = Central European History | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | date = 1996 | pages = 270–274 | ref = harv | doi = 10.1017/S0008938900013170}} * {{Cite book | author = Germany (West) Presse- und Informationsamt | title = Germany Reports. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer | date = 1961 | publisher = F. Steiner | location = Wiesbaden | language = German | oclc = 5092689 | ref = {{sfnRef|''Germany Reports''|1961}} }} * {{Cite book | author = Germany (West). Statistisches Bundesamt | title = Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50 | date = 1958 | publisher = Verlag W. Kohlhammer | language = German | location = Wiesbaden | oclc = 7363969 | ref = {{sfnRef|''Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste'', 1939/50}} }} * {{Cite web | title = Gesetz über das Staatsoberhaupt des Deutschen Reichs. § 1 |trans_title = Law Regarding the Head of State of the German Empire. § 1 | date = 1 Agosto 1934 | language = German | publisher = documentArchiv.de | url = http://www.documentarchiv.de/ns/stobrhpt.html | ref = {{sfnRef|Gesetz über das Staatsoberhaupt|1934}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Gill | first = Anton | authorlink = Anton Gill | title = An Honourable Defeat: A History of the German Resistance to Hitler | url = https://archive.org/details/honourabledefeat0000gill_s8m1 | date = 1994 | publisher = Heinemann | location = London | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Glantz | first = David M. | authorlink = David Glantz | title = When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler | url = https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0 | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, KS | date = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-7006-0899-7 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Goeschel | first = Christian | title = Suicide in Nazi Germany | date = 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-953256-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Goldhagen | first = Daniel | authorlink = Daniel Goldhagen | title = [[Hitler's Willing Executioners|Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust]] | date = 1996 | publisher = Knopf | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-44695-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | author = Government of West Germany | journal = Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland | date = 1960 | publisher = W. Kohlhammer | language = German | location = Stuttgart | jstor = | url = | ref = {{sfnRef|Statistisches Jahrbuch|1960}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Grunberger | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Grunberger | date = 1971 | title = The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany 1933–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/12yearreichsoc00grun | publisher = Holt Rinehart and Winston | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-03-076435-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Hagemann | first = Karen | authorlink = Karen Hagemann | title = Mobilizing Women for War: The History, Historiography, and Memory of German Women's War Service in the Two World Wars | journal = Journal of Military History | date= Oktubre 2011 | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 1055–1094 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Hahn | first1 = Hans Henning | last2 = Hahnova | first2 = Eva | title = Die Vertreibung im deutschen Erinnern. Legenden, Mythos, Geschichte | date = 2010 | publisher = Paderborn | location = Munich; Vienna | isbn = 978-3-506-77044-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Hanauske-Abel | first = Hartmut M. | title = Not a slippery slope or sudden subversion: German medicine and National Socialism in 1933 | journal = BMJ | date = 7 Disyembre 1996 | volume = 313 | issue = 7070 | pages = 1453–1463 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1453 | url = http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/mgs/3-hanauske-abel.pdf | ref = harv | access-date = 14 Enero 2015 | archive-date = 17 Abril 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417021728/https://www.ippnw.org/pdf/mgs/3-hanauske-abel.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Haar | first = Ingo | authorlink = Ingo Haar | editor1-last = Ehmer | editor1-first = Josef | title = Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste:&nbsp;– Forschungsstand, Kontexte und Probleme | work = Ursprünge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevölkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" : Aspekte und Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevölkerungswissenschaft | date = 2009 | publisher = Springer | language = German | location = | isbn = 978-3-531-16152-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Heinemann | first1 = Isabel | last2 = Oberkrome | first2 = Willi | last3 = Schleiermacher | first3 = Sabine | last4 = Wagner | first4 = Patrick | title = Nauka, planowanie, wypędzenia : Generalny Plan Wschodni narodowych socjalistów : katalog wystawy Niemieckiej Współnoty Badawczej | date = 2006 | publisher = Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | language = Polish | url = http://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_magazin/wissenschaft_oeffentlichkeit/ausstellungen/generalplan_ost/generalplan_ost_katalog_pl_120131.pdf | format = PDF | location = Bonn | isbn = | ref = {{sfnRef|Heinemann et al|2006}} }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402074959/https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_magazin/wissenschaft_oeffentlichkeit/ausstellungen/generalplan_ost/generalplan_ost_katalog_pl_120131.pdf |date=2019-04-02 }} * {{Cite book | last = Hildebrand | first = Klaus | authorlink = Klaus Hildebrand | title = The Third Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreich0000hild | date = 1984 | publisher = George Allen & Unwin | location = Boston | isbn = 0-04-943032-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Hitchcock | first = William I. | title = The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent, 1945 to the Present | url = https://archive.org/details/struggleforeurop0000hitc | date = 2004 | publisher = Anchor | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-385-49799-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Hoffmann | first = Peter | title = The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945 | origyear = 1977 | date = 1996 | publisher = McGill-Queen's University Press | location = Montreal | isbn = 0-7735-1531-3 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Hosking | first = Geoffrey A. | authorlink = Geoffrey Hosking | title = Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union | url = https://archive.org/details/rulersvictimsrus00hosk | date = 2006 | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge | isbn = 0-674-02178-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Hubert | first = Michael | title = Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 | date = 1998 | publisher = Steiner, Franz Verlag | language = German | location = Stuttgart | isbn = 3-515-07392-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Kammerer | first1 = Willi | last2 = Kammerer | first2 = Anja | title = Narben bleiben: die Arbeit der Suchdienste&nbsp;– 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg | date = 2005 | publisher = Dienststelle | location = Berlin | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | authorlink = Ian Kershaw | date = 2000 | edition = 4th | title = The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation | url = https://archive.org/details/nazidictatorship00kers | publisher = Arnold | location = London | isbn = 978-0-340-76028-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book |last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich |url = https://archive.org/details/hitlermythimager0000kers_s7n6 | date = 2001 | origyear = 1987 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 0-19-280206-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = Hitler: A Biography | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerbiography0000kers | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | location = New York | date = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-393-06757-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The End: Hitler's Germany, 1944–45 | url = https://archive.org/details/endhitlersgerman0000kers_i7u7 | date = 2012 | origyear = 2011 publisher = Penguin | location = London | isbn = 978-0-14-101421-0 | edition = Paperback | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = Khatyn: Genocide Policy | publisher = Khatyn State Memorial Complex | url = http://www.khatyn.by/en/genocide/expeditions/ | accessdate = 11 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Khatyn State Memorial Complex}} | archive-date = 26 Disyembre 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060712/http://www.khatyn.by/en/genocide/expeditions/%20 | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite web | title = Kinobesuche in Deutschland 1925 bis 2004 | publisher = Spitzenorganisation der Filmwirtschaft e. V | format = PDF | url = http://www.spio.de/media_content/610.pdf | language = German | accessdate = 10 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|SPIO, Department of Statistics}} | archive-date = 4 Pebrero 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204111257/http://www.spio.de/media_content/610.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Kitchen | first = Martin | authorlink = Martin Kitchen | title = A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderng0000kitc | date = 2006 | publisher = Blackwell | location = Malden, MA | isbn = 978-1-4051-0040-3 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Koldehoff | first = Stefan | title = Keine deutsche Opferarithmetik | date = 29 Nobyembre 2006 | publisher = [[Deutschlandfunk]] | language = German | url = http://www.dradio.de/dlf/sendungen/kulturheute/569560/ | accessdate = 29 Mayo 2013 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Kressel | first = Neil J. | title = Mass Hate: The Global Rise Of Genocide And Terror | url = https://archive.org/details/masshateglobalri0000kres | date = 2002 | publisher = Plenum Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-8133-3951-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Lakotta | first = Beate | title = Tief vergraben, nicht dran rühren | journal = [[Der Spiegel]] | date= Marso 2005 | volume = | issue = 2 | pages = 218–221 | publisher = Spiegel-Verlag | location = Hamburg | language = German | jstor = | url = http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/spiegelspecial/d-39863564.html | ref = harv | access-date = 14 Enero 2015 | archive-date = 17 Abril 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417021755/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/spiegelspecial/d-39863564.html | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Lauryssens | first = Stan | authorlink = Stan Lauryssens | title = The Man Who Invented the Third Reich: The Life and Times of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck | url = https://archive.org/details/manwhoinventedth0000laur | date = 1999 | publisher = Sutton | location = Stroud |isbn = 978-0-7509-1866-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite news | title = Leni Riefenstahl | date=10 Septyembre 2003 | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | publisher = [[Telegraph Media Group|TMG]] | location = [[London]] | issn = 0307-1235 | oclc = 49632006 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1440991/Leni-Riefenstahl.html?pageNum=3 | accessdate = 10 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|''The Daily Telegraph'', 2003}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Lewis | first = Brenda Ralph | title = Hitler Youth: the Hitlerjugend in War and Peace 1933–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitleryouthhitle0000lewi | date = 2000 | publisher = MBI | location = Osceola, WI | isbn = 0-7603-0946-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Libionka | first = Dariusz | title = The Catholic Church in Poland and the Holocaust, 1939–1945 | work = The Reaction of the Churches in Nazi Occupied Europe | publisher = Yad Vashem | format = PDF | url = http://www.yadvashem.org/download/about_holocaust/christian_world/libionka.pdf | accessdate = 26 Agosto 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Libionka, ''The Catholic Church in Poland''}} | archive-date = 2020-04-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417021806/https://www.yadvashem.org/download/about_holocaust/christian_world/libionka.pdf | url-status = }} * {{Cite journal | last = Longerich | first = Peter | authorlink = Peter Longerich | title = Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime | at = 17. Radicalisation of the Persecution of the Jews by Hitler at the Turn of the Year 1941–1942 | publisher = Emory University | location = Atlanta | date = 2003 | url = http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090709111759/http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/17 | archivedate = 9 Hulyo 2009 | accessdate = 31 Hulyo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Longerich, Chapter 17|2003}} | url-status = unfit }} * {{Cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | title = Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews | url = https://archive.org/details/holocaustnaziper0000long | date = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-280436-5 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | date = 2012 | title = Heinrich Himmler: A Life | url = https://archive.org/details/heinrichhimmler0000long | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-959232-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Lukas | first = Richard C. | authorlink = Richard C. Lukas | title = Did the Children Cry?: Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939–1945 | origyear = 1994 | date = 2001 | publisher = Hippocrene | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7818-0870-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Manvell | first1 = Roger | author1-link = Roger Manvell | last2 = Fraenkel | first2 = Heinrich | author2-link = Heinrich Fraenkel | title = Heinrich Himmler: The Sinister Life of the Head of the SS and Gestapo | url = https://archive.org/details/heinrichhimmlers0000manv | date = 2007 | origyear = 1965 | publisher = Greenhill; Skyhorse | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-1-60239-178-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Manvell | first = Roger | title = Goering | publisher = Skyhorse | location = London | date = 2011 | origyear = 1962 | isbn = 978-1-61608-109-6 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Martin | first = Bernd | title = Japan and Germany in the Modern World | date = 2005 | origyear = 1995 | publisher = Berghahn Books | location = New York; Oxford | isbn = 978-1-84545-047-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Mazower | first = Mark | authorlink = Mark Mazower | title = Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersempirehow0000mazo | date = 2008 | publisher = Penguin | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-1-59420-188-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = McElligott | first1 = Anthony | last2 = Kirk | first2 = Tim | last3 = Kershaw | first3 = Ian | title = Working Towards the Führer: Essays in Honour of Sir Ian Kershaw | date = 2003 | publisher = Manchester University Press | location = Manchester | isbn = 0-7190-6732-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Melvin | first = Mungo | authorlink = Mungo Melvin | title = Manstein: Hitler's Greatest General | url = https://archive.org/details/mansteinhitlersg0000melv_j4h5 | date = 2010 | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicholson | location = London | isbn = 978-0-297-84561-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = McNab | first = Chris | title = The Third Reich | publisher = Amber Books | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-906626-51-8 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite web | title = The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939 | work = Modern History Sourcebook | publisher = Fordham University | url = http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1939pact.html | accessdate = 18 Abril 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939}} | archive-date = 2014-11-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141114231303/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1939pact.html | url-status = }} * {{Cite book | last = Nakosteen | first = Mehdi Khan | title = The History and Philosophy of Education | url = https://archive.org/details/historyphilosoph0000nako | date = 1965 | publisher = Ronald Press | location = New York | oclc = 175403 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = Martin Niemöller | work = Encyclopedia Britannica | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414633/Martin-Niemoller | accessdate = 25 Agosto 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Encyclopedia Britannica, ''Martin Niemöller''}} }} * {{Cite web | title = NS-Zwangsarbeit: "Verbotener Umgang" | date = 1942 | publisher = Stadtarchiv Göttingen Cordula Tollmien Projekt NS-Zwangsarbeiter | language = German | url = http://www.zwangsarbeit-in-goettingen.de/texte/verbotenerumgang.htm | ref = {{SfnRef|Nazi forced labour|1942}} }} * {{Cite book | last = Nicholas | first = Lynn H. | authorlink = Lynn H. Nicholas | title = Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web | url = https://archive.org/details/cruelworldchildr0000nich_w2v0 | date = 2006 | publisher = Vintage | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-77663-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Niewyk | first1 = Donald L. | last2 = Nicosia | first2 = Francis R. | title = The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew | date = 2000 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-231-11200-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = ''NS-Frauenwarte'': Paper of the National Socialist Women's League | publisher = Heidelberg University Library | url = http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/helios/digi/nsfrauenwarte.html | accessdate = 8 Mayo 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Heidelberg University Library}} }} * {{Cite book | last= Overmans | first = Rüdiger | title = Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg | date = 2000 | origyear = 1999 | publisher = R. Oldenbourg | location = München | language = German | series = Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte | isbn = 978-3-486-56531-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Overmans | first = Rűdiger | title = Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevölkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung | journal = Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik | date = 1994 | volume = 16 | issue = | pages = 51–63 | ref =harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Overy | origyear = 1995 | date = 2006 | title = Why The Allies Won | url = https://archive.org/details/whyallieswon0000over_z0p1 | publisher = Random House | location = London | isbn = 978-1-84595-065-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | title = The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia | url = https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich | publisher = Penguin Books | date = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-393-02030-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | title = The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940–1945 | publisher = Viking | location = New York | date = 2014 | isbn = 978-0-698-15138-3| ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Panayi | first = Panikos | title = Exploitation, Criminality, Resistance: The Everyday Life of Foreign Workers and Prisoners of War in the German Town of Osnabruck, 1939–49 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-contemporary-history_2005-07_40_3/page/483 | journal = Journal of Contemporary History | date = 2005 | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 483–502 | jstor = 30036339 | ref = harv | doi = 10.1177/0022009405054568}} * {{Cite book | last = Pauley | first = Bruce F. | title = Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinmuss02edpaul_m6u1 | date = 2003 | origyear = 1997 | series = European History Series | publisher = Harlan Davidson | location = Wheeling, IL | isbn = 978-0-88295-993-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Pilisuk | first1 = Marc | last2 = Rountree | first2 = Jennifer Achord | title = Who Benefits from Global Violence and War: Uncovering a Destructive System | url = https://archive.org/details/whobenefitsfromg0000pili | date = 2008 | publisher = Praeger Security International | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 978-0-275-99435-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Pine | first = Lisa | date = 2011 | origyear = 2010 | title = Education in Nazi Germany | url = https://archive.org/details/educationinnazig0000pine | publisher = Berg | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-1-84520-265-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era: The Invasion and Occupation of Poland | work = ushmm.org | publisher = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | url = http://www.ushmm.org/education/resource/poles/poles.php | accessdate = 15 Disyembre 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|Holocaust Memorial Museum: Poles}} | archive-date = 14 Hulyo 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193743/https://ushmm.org/education/resource/poles/poles.php | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite journal | last = Proctor | first = Robert N. | authorlink = Robert N. Proctor | title = Nazi Medicine and Public Health Policy | journal = Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust Studies | date = 1996 | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | url = http://archive.adl.org/Braun/dim_14_1_nazi_med.asp | accessdate = 12 Mayo 2013 | ref = harv | archive-date = 7 Hunyo 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130607042928/http://archive.adl.org/braun/dim_14_1_nazi_med.asp | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Proctor | first = Robert N. | title = The Nazi War on Cancer | url = https://archive.org/details/naziwaroncancer00proc | publisher = Princeton University Press | date = 1999 | location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 0-691-07051-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | title = Refugees: Save Us! Save Us! | date = 9 Hulyo 1979 | journal = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | publisher = Time Warner | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920455-2,00.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110424085534/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920455-2,00.html | accessdate = 28 Abril 2013 | archivedate = 24 Abril 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|''Time'', 9 Hulyo 1979}} | url-status = live }} * {{Cite book | last = Rhodes | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Rhodes | title = Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/mastersofdeathss0000rich | location = New York | publisher = Vintage Books | date = 2002 | isbn = 0-375-70822-7 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Rummel | first = Rudolph | authorlink = Rudolph Rummel | title = Death by Government | url = https://archive.org/details/deathby_rum_1994_00_3431 | date = 1994 | publisher = Transaction | location = New Brunswick, NJ | isbn = 978-1-56000-145-4 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Rupp | first = Leila J. | authorlink = Leila J. Rupp | date = 1978 | title = Mobilizing Women for War: German and American Propaganda, 1939–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/mobilizingwomenf00leil | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, N.J. | isbn = 978-0-691-04649-5 | oclc=3379930 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Scobie | first = Alexander | title = Hitler's State Architecture: The Impact of Classical Antiquity | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersstatearch0000scob | date = 1990 | publisher = Pennsylvania State University Press | location = University Park | isbn = 0-271-00691-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Sereny | first = Gitta | authorlink = Gitta Sereny | date = 1996 | origyear = 1995 | title = Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth | url = https://archive.org/details/albertspeerhisba00sere | publisher = Random House | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-679-76812-8 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Sereny | first = Gitta | date= Nobyembre 1999 | title = Stolen Children | journal = Talk | publisher = Jewish Virtual Library | url = https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/children.html | accessdate = 1 Hulyo 2012 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Shigemitsu | first = Dandō | title = Criminal Law of Japan: The General Part | date = 1997 | publisher = Wayne State University | location = Detroit | isbn = 0-8377-0653-X | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Shirer | first = William L. | authorlink = William L. Shirer | title = [[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]] | publisher = Simon & Schuster | location = New York | date = 1960 | isbn = 978-0-671-62420-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Smith | first = J. W. | authorlink = J. W. Smith | title = The World's Wasted Wealth 2: Save Our Wealth, Save Our Environment | url = https://archive.org/details/worldswastedweal0000smit_l8e5 | date = 1994 | publisher = Institute for Economic Democracy | location = Cambria, California | isbn = 0-9624423-2-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last1 = Smith | first1 = Joseph | last2 = Davis | first2 = Simon | title = The A to Z of the Cold War | url = https://archive.org/details/atozofcoldwar0000smit | date = 2005 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, MD | isbn = 0-8108-5384-1 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Snyder | first = Timothy | authorlink = Timothy D. Snyder | title = Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin | url = https://archive.org/details/bloodlandseurope0000snyd | date = 2010 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-00239-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web | title = Sonderbehandlung erfolgt durch Strang | date = 1942 | work = Documents for National Socialism | publisher = NS-Archiv | language = German | url = http://www.ns-archiv.de/imt/ps3001-ps3200/3040-ps.php | ref = {{SfnRef|Special treatment|1942}} }} * {{Cite web | last = Sontheimer | first = Michael | title = Germany's Nazi Past: Why Germans Can Never Escape Hitler's Shadow | date = 10 Marso 2005 | work = Spiegel Online | publisher = | url = http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany-s-nazi-past-why-germans-can-never-escape-hitler-s-shadow-a-345720.html | accessdate = 11 Mayo 2013 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Speer | first = Albert | authorlink = Albert Speer | origyear = 1969 | date = 1971 | title = [[Inside the Third Reich]] | publisher = Avon | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-380-00071-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite web| title = Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland| date = 2006| publisher = Statistisches Bundesamt| language = German| url = http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Querschnittsveroeffentlichungen/StatistischesJahrbuch/Downloads/Jahrbuch2006Inland,property=file.pdf| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926002255/http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Querschnittsveroeffentlichungen/StatistischesJahrbuch/Downloads/Jahrbuch2006Inland,property=file.pdf| archivedate = 26 Septyembre 2007| accessdate = 17 Marso 2012| page = 34| ref = {{sfnRef|Statistisches Jahrbuch|2006}}| url-status = live}} * {{Cite book | last = Steiner | first = Zara | title = The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933–1939 | url = https://archive.org/details/triumphofdarkeur0000stei | date = 2011 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-921200-2 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Stephenson | first = Jill | title = Women in Nazi Germany | date = 2001 | publisher = Longman | location = London | isbn = 978-0-58241-836-3 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Stolfi | first = Russel | title = Barbarossa Revisited: A Critical Reappraisal of the Opening Stages of the Russo-German Campaign (June–December 1941) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_1982-03_54_1/page/27 | journal = [[Journal of Modern History]] | date= Marso 1982 | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–46 | doi = 10.1086/244076 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite web | url = http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StGB.htm#86a | date = 13 Nobyembre 1998 | title = Strafgesetzbuch, StGB | publisher = IUSCOMP Comparative Law Society | ref = {{sfnRef|''Strafgesetzbuch'', section 86a}} | access-date = 2015-01-14 | archive-date = 2001-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010426054458/http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StGB.htm#86a | url-status = }} * {{Cite book | last = Walk | first = Joseph | title = Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat: Eine Sammlung der gesetzlichen Maßnahmen und Rechtlinien, Inhalt und Bedeutung | edition = 2nd | date = 1996 | publisher = Müller Verlag | location = Heidelberg | language = German | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard L. | authorlink = Gerhard Weinberg | title = A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II | date = 2005 | origyear = 1994 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; Oxford | isbn = 978-0-521-85316-3 | ref = harv}} {{refend}} ==Dugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite web | title = Introduction to the Holocaust | publisher = [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] | url = http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005143| accessdate =12 Mayo 2013 }} * {{Cite book | last = Price | first = Alfred | title = Targeting the Reich: Allied Photographic Reconnaissance over Europe, 1939–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/targetingreichal0000dral | date = 2003 | publisher = Military Book Club | location = London | isbn = 0-7394-3496-9 }} * {{Cite book | last = Tooze | first = Adam | authorlink = Adam Tooze | title = [[The Wages of Destruction|The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy]] | date = 2006 | publisher = Allen Lane | location = London; New York | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Uekötter | first = Frank | title = The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany | url = https://archive.org/details/greenbrownhistor0000ueko | date = 2006 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; New York | isbn = 978-0-521-84819-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Uekötter | first = Frank | editor1-last = Brüggemeier | editor1-first = Franz-Josef | editor2-last = Cioc | editor2-first = Mark | editor3-last = Zeller | editor3-first = Thomas | title = How Green Were the Nazis?: Nature, Environment, and Nation in the Third Reich | chapter = Polycentrism in Full Swing: Air Pollution Control in Nazi Germany | date = 2005 | publisher = Ohio University Press | location = Athens | isbn = | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Umbreit | first = Hans | editor1-last = Kroener | editor1-first = Bernhard | editor2-last = Müller | editor2-first = Rolf-Dieter | editor3-last = Umbreit | editor3-first = Hans | title = Germany and the Second World War, Vol. 5. Organization and Mobilization in the German Sphere of Power. Part 2: Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1942–1944/5 | chapter = Hitler's Europe: The German Sphere of Power | date = 2003 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-820873-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = van Wie | first = Paul D. | title = Image, History and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe | date = 1999 | publisher = University Press of America | location = Lanham, Md | isbn = 978-0-7618-1221-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Weale | first = Adrian | authorlink = Adrian Weale | title = Army of Evil: A History of the SS | url = https://archive.org/details/armyofevilhistor0000weal | date = 2010 | publisher = Penguin Group | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-451-23791-0 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Wedekind | first = Michael | editor1-last = Haar | editor1-first = Ingo | editor2-last = Fahlbusch | editor2-first = Michael | title = German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing (1920–1945) | url = https://archive.org/details/germanscholarset0000unse | chapter = The Sword of Science: German Scholars and National Socialist Annexation Policies in Slovenia and Northern Italy | date = 2005 | publisher = Berghahn | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-57181-435-7 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite journal | journal = Wirtschaft und Statistik | date= Oktubre 1956 | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland | location = Wiesbaden | language = German | jstor = | url = | ref = {{sfnRef|''Wirtschaft und Statistik''|1956}} }} * {{Cite journal | last = Zeitlin | first = Jonathan | title = Flexibility and Mass Production at War: Aircraft Manufacture in Britain, the United States, and Germany, 1939–1945 | journal = Technology and Culture | date = 1955 | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–79 | jstor = 3106341 |ref = harv | doi = 10.2307/3106341}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Germany|commons=Category:National Socialism}} * {{Wikiatlas|Germany}} * [http://www.thirdreichruins.com/index.htm Third Reich in Ruins] (Photos) * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/index.html Lebendiges Museum Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803144223/http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/index.html |date= 3 Agosto 2014 }} {{de icon}} * [http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ww2era.htm#Speech Nazi Propaganda: 1933–1945] {{en icon}} [[Kaarangay:Alemanya]] fda277se5i8kwouj92zla6y0tiq40ol 0 17206 7789854 7649000 2026-10-18T18:19:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 7789854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = '''Louis XIV''' | succession = [[List of French monarchs|King of France and Navarre]] | image = Louis XIV of France.jpg|200px | caption = Hi Louis XIV (1638–1715), ni [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]] (1701) | reign = 14 Mayo 1643 – 1 Septyembre 1715 | coronation = 7 Hunyo 1654 | cor-type = france | full name = Louis-Dieudonné de France | predecessor = [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] | successor = [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] | regent = [[Anne of Austria]] (until 1651) | spouse = [[Maria Theresa of Spain]] <br />[[Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon|Françoise d'Aubigné]] | issue = [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711)|Louis, ''le Grand Dauphin'']]<br />[[Princess Anne Élisabeth of France|Princess Anne Élisabeth]]<br />[[Princess Marie Anne of France|Princess Marie Anne]]<br />[[Princess Marie-Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Princess Marie Thérèse]]<br />[[Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou]]<br /> [[Louis François, Duke of Anjou]] | house = [[House of Bourbon]] | father = [[Louis XIII of France]] | mother = [[Anne of Austria]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1638|9|5}} | birth_place = [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], France | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1715|9|1|1638|9|5}} | death_place = [[Palace of Versailles]], [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], France | place of burial = [[Saint Denis Basilica]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], France | religion = [[Catholicism]] | signature = Louis XIV Signature.svg }} Hi '''Luís XIV''' o kundi man '''Louis XIV''' (Louis-Dieudonné) (5 Setyembre 1638–1 Setyembre 1715) nga kilalado gihapon nga '''Louis nga Harangdon''' ({{Lang|fr|Louis le Grand}}) o kundi man '''Hadi nga Adlaw''' ({{Lang|fr|le Roi Soleil}}), amo an Hadi han Fransya ngan Hadi han Navarre tikang 14 Mayo 1643 kutob ha iya kamatayon. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan}} ==Bibliograpiya== {{refbegin|30em}} * Ashley, Maurice P. ''Louis XIV And The Greatness Of France'' (1965) [http://www.amazon.com/Louis-Greatness-France-Maurice-Ashley/dp/0029010802/ref=sr_1_22?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467644&sr=1-22 excerpt and text search] * Beik, William. ''Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Louis-XIV-Absolutism-Documents-Bedford/dp/031213309X/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search] * Beik, William. "The Absolutism of Louis XIV as Social Collaboration." ''Past & Present'' 2005 (188): 195–224. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/past_and_present/v188/188.1beik.html online at [[Project MUSE]]] *Bluche, François, ''Louis XIV'', (Franklin Watts, 1990) *[[Veronica Buckley|Buckley, Veronica]]. ''Madame de Maintenon: The Secret Wife of Louis XIV''. London: Bloomsbury, 2008 * Burke, Peter. ''The Fabrication of Louis XIV'' (1994) [http://www.amazon.com/Fabrication-Louis-XIV-Peter-Burke/dp/0300059434/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search] * ''Cambridge Modern History: Vol. 5 The Age Of Louis XIV'' (1908), old, solid articles by scholars; [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh.html#cmh1 complete text online] * Campbell, Peter Robert. ''Louis XIV, 1661–1715'' (London, 1993) * Church, William F., ed. ''The Greatness of Louis XIV''. (1972). * Cowart, Georgia J. ''The Triumph of Pleasure: Louis XIV and the Politics of Spectacle'' (U of Chicago Press, 2008) 299 pp; focus on opera and ballet * [[Vincent Cronin|Cronin, Vincent]]. ''Louis XIV''. London: HarperCollins, 1996 (ISBN 0002720728) * Dunlop, Ian. ''Louis XIV'' (2000), 512pp [http://www.amazon.com/Louis-XIV-Ian-Dunlop/dp/0312261969/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search] *Erlanger, Philippe, ''Louis XIV'' (Praeger 1970) *Fraser, Antonia. ''Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King''. London: Weidenfeld&nbsp;& Nicolson, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-297-82997-1); New York: Nan A. Talese, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-385-50984-7) * Goubert, Pierre. ''Louis XIV and Twenty Million Frenchmen'' (1972), social history from [[Annales School]] * Jones, Colin. ''The Great Nation: France from Louis XIV to Napoleon (1715–1799)'' (2002) * Lewis, W. H. ''The Splendid Century: Life in the France of Louis XIV'' (1953) [http://www.amazon.com/Splendid-Century-Life-France-Louis/dp/0881339210/ref=pd_bbs_sr_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]; also [https://web.archive.org/web/20100727002913/http://www.questia.com/read/6019084 online complete edition] * Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. ''The Ancien Regime: A History of France 1610–1774'' (1999), survey by leader of the [[Annales School]] [http://www.amazon.com/Ancien-Regime-History-France-1610/dp/0631211969/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202469887&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search] * Lynn, John A. ''The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Wars-Louis-1667-1714-Modern-Perspective/dp/0582056292/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search] * Mitford, Nancy. ''The Sun King'' (1995), popular [http://www.amazon.com/Sun-King-Nancy-Mitford/dp/0140239677/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1202467216&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search] * Nolan, Cathal J. ''Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650–1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization'' . (2008) 607pp; over 1000 entries; ISBN 978-0-313-33046-9 * Rowlands, Guy. ''The Dynastic State and the Army under Louis XIV: Royal Service and Private Interest, 1661–1701'' (2002) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100721154253/http://www.questia.com/read/105134626 online edition] *Rubin, David Lee, ed. ''Sun King: The Ascendancy of French Culture during the Reign of Louis XIV''. Washington: Folger Books and Cranbury: Associated University Presses, 1992. * Shennan, J. H. ''Louis XIV'' (1993) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081203210019/http://www.questia.com/read/108828773 online edition] *Thompson, Ian. ''The Sun King's Garden: Louis XIV, André Le Nôtre And the Creation of the Gardens of Versailles''. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006 ISBN 1-58234-631-3 * Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Louis XIV'' (London, 2001). * Wilkinson, Rich. ''Louis XIV'' (2007) * Wolf, John B. ''Louis XIV'' (1968), the standard scholarly biography [http://www.questia.com/read/103250721 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420041053/http://www.questia.com/read/103250721 |date=2012-04-20 }} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Louis XIV of France}} * [http://www.louis-xiv.de/ "Louis XIV."] *[http://www.history.com/topics/louis-xiv Louis XIV] at ''History.com'' * [http://sinisterfrog.com/writings/louis-xiv "Music and politics in the court of Louis XIV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420013635/http://sinisterfrog.com/writings/louis-xiv |date=2012-04-20 }} *[http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590004.pdf Full text of marriage contract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616071522/http://www.smae.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D16590004.pdf |date=2007-06-16 }} ([[PDF]]), France National Archives transcription {{fr icon}} *[http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/00Table/14Loui14.html "''Le siècle de Louis XIV''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204091718/http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/00Table/14Loui14.html |date=2012-02-04 }} by [[Voltaire]], 1751 *[http://www.archive.org/details/StoryOfCiv08_AgeOfLouisXIV ''The Story of Civilization VIII: The Age of Louis XIV''] online ebook by historians [[Will Durant]] and [[Ariel Durant]]. *{{cite web|title=Louis XIV King of France and Navarre 1643-1651-1715|url=http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00000061&tree=LEO}} ''Genealogics.org'' *List of films dedicated to Louis XIV and period ({{cite web|url=http://www.louis-xiv.de/index.php?t=films&a=films |title=Louis XIV – the Sun King: Louis XIV – the Sun King |publisher=Louis-xiv.de |accessdate=31 Agosto 2008}}) Of particular interest: Documentary on Versailles—The Visit. {{DEFAULTSORT:Louis 14 Of France}} [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1638]] [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1715]] [[Kaarangay:Louis XIV han Fransya| ]] jirf2g3ir6plm92tbu7b2r3otyggjpi 0 17586 7789886 6206017 2026-10-18T19:55:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789886 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''adlaw''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Day/Sun/Solar'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Araw'') may mga kasirigngon nga: *[[Adlaw (astronomiya)]] ([[Iningles]]: ''Sun/Solar'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Araw'') - o [[Sudang]], usa ka [[bitoon]]. *[[Adlaw (oras)]] ''Diaz'' ([[Iningles]]: ''Day'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Araw'') - usa ka [[sukol]] hit [[oras (pisika)|oras]]. {{Pansayod}} [[category:pansayod]] i0g5h5p821l19u18gkifp9bgymuc6t7 0 18319 7789845 2046618 2026-10-18T17:11:25Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Siyensya han komputasyon 7789845 wikitext text/x-wiki An Agavi kay usa ka libre, ug object-oriented nga [[Web application framework]] nga guin-himo gamit hin [[PHP]] 5. Guin-lisensya inin ilarom hit [[LGPL]]. It iya object oriented nga disenyo kay nasunod hit [[Model-view-controller nga pattern]]. == Kasaysayan == An Agavi, sugad han Symfony, kay naka base han ika-tulo nga waray guin-pagawas nga bersyon han sikat nga PHP framework nga Mojavi, nga guin-himo ni Sean Kerr. Pag Mayo 2005, may usa ka grupo nga software engineers nga taga Keller, Texas nga nag-fork han Mojavi, kay na-dire na hira hit pagdumara ug pagkapot han pagpalambo han Mojavi. Sirado an proseso ug waray klaro an pag-plano, ug waray guin-api an partisipasyon han komunidad. Karuyag han grupo nga bag-ohon an modelo para damo nga tawo it pwede umapi han pag-himo hinin. Sukad han 2006, guin-aatiman na an Agavi han usa ka kompanya nga naka base ha Munic, [[Alemanya]]. An mga orihinal nga nagpalambo kay adto na nag-atupag ha komunidad han [[Ruby]]. Guin-pagawas an pinaka-siyahan nga bersyon han Agavi nga bersion 0.9 han ika-8 han Hunyo, 2005. An pinaka-siyahan nga bersyon nga andam na hit para hit pan-publiko nga produksyon kay an bersyon 0.11.0, nga guin-pagawas han ika-3 han Nobyembre, 2007. Guin-pagawas an pinaka-siyahan nga estable nga bersyon, 1.0.0, han ika-26 han Pebrero, 2009. == Pilosopiya == Pwede gamiton it Agavi ha damo nga pama-agi ug mekanismo, pero kasagaran kay guin-gagamit ini nga pondasyon para mag-himo hin mga Web applications. Strikto nga guin-susunod han iya disenyo it konsepto han [[Model-view-controller]]; sanglit, na-angay hiya gamiton para mag-organisa ug mag-mentinar hin mga dagko ug komplikado nga proyekto nga nagamit hin PHP 5. Dire ini hiya usa ka simple nga website construction kit, kundi usa hiya nga palataporma kun diin nakakabulig hiya pag-himo hin mga komplikado nga mga aplikasyon. Api ha iya pondasyon it authentication, security, internationalization, caching, ug URL routing. Guin-tutuyo nga maging matarog it Agavi para dire na kailangan hit mga nagpapalambo nga igliwat or dugangan pa it mga funcionalidad nga aada na daan. Dapat mas madali na la mahatod it mga proyekto kun naggamit hini, kay aada na daan it mga trabahoon ha ilarom; kailangan na la himoon it mga business logic nga na-aplika. == Lisensya == It Agavi kay guin-pagawas ha ilarom hit LGPL nga lisensya, ug tanan nga kontribusyon kay kailangan anay ig-aprobar. == Instalasyon == Pwede ma-install it mga Agavi files gamit hin PEAR package, nga pwede makuha ha Agavi website. Pwede liwat ini makuha gamit hin Subversion (SVN). == Dokumentasyon == Mayda mga detalyado nga user guides, instruksyon, ug mga tutorials it Agavi nga pwede mabasa didto ha ira website. Mayda liwat hira HTML nga dokumentasyon para hit ira API, nga automatico nga guin-himo han PhpDocumentor. [[Kaarangay:Siyensya han komputasyon]] 3hui2o11d9sm8s447ni1db731f1lw8h 7789846 7789845 2026-10-18T17:11:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789846 wikitext text/x-wiki An Agavi kay usa ka libre, ug object-oriented nga [[Web application framework]] nga guin-himo gamit hin [[PHP]] 5. Guin-lisensya inin ilarom hit [[LGPL]]. It iya object oriented nga disenyo kay nasunod hit [[Model-view-controller nga pattern]]. == Kasaysayan == An Agavi, sugad han Symfony, kay naka base han ika-tulo nga waray guin-pagawas nga bersyon han sikat nga PHP framework nga Mojavi, nga guin-himo ni Sean Kerr. Pag Mayo 2005, may usa ka grupo nga software engineers nga taga Keller, Texas nga nag-fork han Mojavi, kay na-dire na hira hit pagdumara ug pagkapot han pagpalambo han Mojavi. Sirado an proseso ug waray klaro an pag-plano, ug waray guin-api an partisipasyon han komunidad. Karuyag han grupo nga bag-ohon an modelo para damo nga tawo it pwede umapi han pag-himo hinin. Sukad han 2006, guin-aatiman na an Agavi han usa ka kompanya nga naka base ha Munic, [[Alemanya]]. An mga orihinal nga nagpalambo kay adto na nag-atupag ha komunidad han [[Ruby]]. Guin-pagawas an pinaka-siyahan nga bersyon han Agavi nga bersion 0.9 han ika-8 han Hunyo, 2005. An pinaka-siyahan nga bersyon nga andam na hit para hit pan-publiko nga produksyon kay an bersyon 0.11.0, nga guin-pagawas han ika-3 han Nobyembre, 2007. Guin-pagawas an pinaka-siyahan nga estable nga bersyon, 1.0.0, han ika-26 han Pebrero, 2009. == Pilosopiya == Pwede gamiton it Agavi ha damo nga pama-agi ug mekanismo, pero kasagaran kay guin-gagamit ini nga pondasyon para mag-himo hin mga Web applications. Strikto nga guin-susunod han iya disenyo it konsepto han [[Model-view-controller]]; sanglit, na-angay hiya gamiton para mag-organisa ug mag-mentinar hin mga dagko ug komplikado nga proyekto nga nagamit hin PHP 5. Dire ini hiya usa ka simple nga website construction kit, kundi usa hiya nga palataporma kun diin nakakabulig hiya pag-himo hin mga komplikado nga mga aplikasyon. Api ha iya pondasyon it authentication, security, internationalization, caching, ug URL routing. Guin-tutuyo nga maging matarog it Agavi para dire na kailangan hit mga nagpapalambo nga igliwat or dugangan pa it mga funcionalidad nga aada na daan. Dapat mas madali na la mahatod it mga proyekto kun naggamit hini, kay aada na daan it mga trabahoon ha ilarom; kailangan na la himoon it mga business logic nga na-aplika. == Lisensya == It Agavi kay guin-pagawas ha ilarom hit LGPL nga lisensya, ug tanan nga kontribusyon kay kailangan anay ig-aprobar. == Instalasyon == Pwede ma-install it mga Agavi files gamit hin PEAR package, nga pwede makuha ha Agavi website. Pwede liwat ini makuha gamit hin Subversion (SVN). == Dokumentasyon == Mayda mga detalyado nga user guides, instruksyon, ug mga tutorials it Agavi nga pwede mabasa didto ha ira website. Mayda liwat hira HTML nga dokumentasyon para hit ira API, nga automatico nga guin-himo han PhpDocumentor. [[Kaarangay:Internet]] nngm7vtial79l8rfvhpr39f87jy2rm4 0 19077 7789786 6576817 2026-10-18T12:13:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7789786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Microcosm of London Plate 058 - Old Bailey edited.jpg|thumb|Hukmanan]] An '''hukmanan''' o '''korte''' usa nga lawas, agsob usa ka institusyon han [[gobyerno]], nga may otoridad mag[[tuhay]] han mga binalaodnon nga diri pagkakaarasya, ngan nahatag hin sibil, [[Kriminolohiya|kriminal]] o administratibo nga [[hustisya]] ha pamaagi han pagsunod han [[balaod]]. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Courts}} kyskhx7byi01utqqfw4mjv4z38wqqxx 0 19998 7789856 7785846 2026-10-18T19:07:54Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Nasod 7789856 wikitext text/x-wiki Ha [[heyograpiya]], an '''nasod''' o '''nasyon''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Country'') usa ka pagbahin politikal. Agsob ini usa ka teritoryo soberenya. {{turók}} [[Kaarangay:Nasod| ]] qi0z9gb5avbbl99xqwogcg2s49yt84q 0 20090 7789849 7646865 2026-10-18T17:24:40Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Alemanya 7789849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Deutschland Bundeslaender 1957.png|thumb]] An '''Utro nga pag-urusa han Alemanya''' ([[Inaleman]]: ''Deutsche Wiedervereinigung''; [[Iningles]]: ''German reunification'') amo an paagi kun diin an [[Sinirangan nga Alemanya|German Democratic Republic]] (GDR / Sinirangan nga Alemanya) binmulig ha [[Katundan nga Alemanya|Federal Republic of Germany]] (FRG / Katundan nga Alemanya), ngan an [[Berlin]] nahipag-usa komo ha usa ka [[syudad]]-[[estado]]. {{stub}} {{Commonscat|German reunification}} [[Kaarangay:Alemanya]] kdivim7ac83yzsutyanrlzjlyn15dlq 0 20213 7789850 7784406 2026-10-18T17:26:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7789850 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayl:Berlinermauer.jpg|thumb]] An '''Bungbong han Berlin''' ([[Inaleman]]: ''Berliner Mauer'') usa nga [[semento]] nga [[bungbong]] nga gintukod han [[Sinirangan nga Alemanya|Demokratiko Republika han Alemanya]] (Sinirangan nga Alemanya), nga ginsiradhan an [[syudad]] han [[Natondan nga Berlin]] nga nagresulta han pagkabulag hini tikang ha Sinirangan nga Alemanya lakip an [[Sinirangan nga Berlin]]. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Berlin Wall}} [[Kaarangay:Berlin]] 9yij7pof3ncmpevgof0flmhyv66c8ut 0 20228 7789852 6237052 2026-10-18T17:29:26Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Alemanya 7789852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg|thumb|Tigaman Buhatan han Republika han Weimar (1923-1928)]] An '''Republika han Weimar''' amo an ngaran nga ginhatag han mga historyano ha parliamentaryo nga republika nga gintukod ha 1919 ha [[Alemanya]] nga pamalyo han imperyo nga porma han pangobyernohan, nga ginngaranan tikang ha [[Weimar]], an syudad kun diin nahitabo an asembliya konstitusyonal. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Weimar Republic}} [[Kaarangay:Alemanya]] sqay1ugaolsdqx301l7k9vvln8cfhch 0 25387 7789906 4788682 2026-10-19T04:37:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Heyograpiya 7789906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salto Angel from Raton.JPG|thumb]] An '''tubighóg'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3. Tuig 2005. Pakli Ihap 470.</ref>, '''pinipisakan'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 66. </ref>, '''bangón'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3. Tuig 2005. Pakli Ihap 470.</ref> o '''busay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Waterfall'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Talon'') usa nga lugar kun diin an naawas nga tubig tigda nahuhulog tikang ha hitaas nga lugar han iya pagawas tikang ha hitaas nga tingkuba. '''Pinipisakan''' usa nga nalakat nga tubig ngan na[[pisak]] tungud nga iba an [[kahitas-un]] u an [[kahimub-un]] han usa nga [[patag]]. Iksampulu: [[Guinsanghan nga Pinipisakan han Tubig]] ([[Iningles]]: ''Pinipisakan Falls'') [[File:Iguazu Décembre 2007 - Panorama 7.jpg|thumb|center|700px|[[Busay Iguazu]] ([[Argentina]])]] Mga Daganas Waraynon: [[Blanca Aurora nga Daganas]] [[Bag-utan nga Daganas]] == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Turók}} {{Commonscat|Waterfalls}} [[Kaarangay:Heyograpiya]] k5odw1d7q0uph8m38cq8hlvftcwb1gv 0 25389 7789887 7784996 2026-10-18T19:58:48Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7789887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emerald Lake (Sunway Iskandar).jpg|thumb|Danaw]] An '''danáw''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Lake'', [[Tinagalog]]: ''Lawa'', [[Sinugboanon]]: ''Lanaw'', Malay: ''Danau'', Indonesia: ''Danau'', Banjarese: ''Danau/Danaw'', Javanese: ''Ranu'') in usa nga [[porma]] han ka[[tubig]]an nga naliligiran hin [[tuna]]. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Lakes}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Heyograpiya]] 45prodzplm3s7bsu1eg016o3pfq5xjf 0 30693 7789819 6279496 2026-10-18T15:34:13Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aba Nigeria hotel.jpg|thumb|200px|Aba]] An '''Aba''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 1m7vcop3qaihu8afmv52ch5ylosq2w2 0 30698 7789814 2089961 2026-10-18T15:31:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789814 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Ede''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 8p2fyce1o3zjymxnqhqilaj0lnyw404 0 30699 7789823 5591076 2026-10-18T15:35:34Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789823 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Enugu''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Enugu}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] rdo42aa6w5fordbgkuzzddsxb03n20a 0 30703 7789812 2090171 2026-10-18T15:29:36Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789812 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Ila''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] csafec177ouu14dxx4cps0lo5bh2hsg 0 30706 7789813 2090023 2026-10-18T15:30:18Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789813 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Iwo''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] q72hiq2ek30p0bd73uocet53xxu7kp3 0 30708 7789826 6267997 2026-10-18T15:38:27Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789826 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Kano''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Kano}} [[ha:Kano#Tarihin Kano]] [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] jar2um5sh5sv18urzlot96k03ilbleg 0 30710 7789810 2090312 2026-10-18T15:26:38Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789810 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Mushin''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] fdn0latulc9rssgkhbpm0v62zhms8gz 0 30713 7789825 6284134 2026-10-18T15:37:58Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Osogbo.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Osogbo (2015)]] An '''Oshogbo''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 6fvmswfgyzsx9bokvzm1nxqmjshspkl 0 30714 7789818 6279489 2026-10-18T15:33:35Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789818 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Oyo''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] o98dkzyz980ygzwitwcvxqhklaidpax 0 32252 7789891 7784210 2026-10-18T20:02:34Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dedos_de_la_mano_(no_labels).jpg|thumb]] An '''tudlô'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 394. </ref> o '''kamóy'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 157. </ref> naulbo nga bahin han [[lawas]] han [[tawo]], usa nga organo hin manipulasyon ngan panngabat nga mabibilngan ha [[kamot]] han katawhan ngan iba nga [[primates]]. Ha normal nga kahimtang, an tawo may-ada lima nga tudlo kada kamot. An syahan nga tudlo gintatawag nga [[tamuragkô]], ngan sinundan han [[panudlô]], [[talimutngâ]], [[singsingan]] ngan [[tamuyingking]]. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Fingers}} [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] kj7j4nu2tslkf32ysix6i8xki27sufo 0 103914 7789843 6282707 2026-10-18T17:06:46Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7789843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Arnold Lakhovsky Conversation.png|thumb]] An '''himangráw'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 119. </ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Conversation'') amo in konbersasyon ha butnga han duha o labaw pa ka mga tawo. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turók}} {{Commonscat|People in conversation}} 3grnp3tk03nsgbgtad4pdz9o19ew8at 0 106667 7789895 6274954 2026-10-18T20:06:20Z Kent Wang 68905 Convento de Cristo, safe inside Tomar castle (54199027283).jpg 7789895 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Tomar''' amo in uska munisipyo ha distrito han [[Santarém (distrito)|Santarém]] ha [[Portugal]]. <br><gallery class=center caption="Tomar"> Tomar-202-von oben-2011-gje.jpg Convento de Cristo, safe inside Tomar castle (54199027283).jpg Tomar-114-Templerburg-Gartenfront-1983-gje.jpg Tomar-208-Sao Joao Baptista-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-212-Strasse-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-214-Haus am Nabao-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-234-Aufstieg zur Templerburg-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-244-Korkeichen-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-270-Stier-2011-gje.jpg Tomar-256-Schloss-2011-gje.jpg </gallery> {{Mga munisipyo han Santarém}} {{turók}} [[Category:Mga munisipyo han Portugal]] k09uz8f69lpireiorqu8mojtqlqg54y 0 118930 7789824 2608663 2026-10-18T15:36:41Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Nigeria 7789824 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''.ng''' amo an [[Internet]] [[country code top-level domain]] (ccTLD) para ha [[Nigeria]]. {{CcTLD}} {{Turók}} [[sv:Toppdomän#N]] [[Kaarangay:Nigeria]] rdtw0a7t5rbiun79gnh7cdpstnn5qnd 14 127554 7789858 5171867 2026-10-18T19:10:59Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Ulohan 7789858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Nassau, Bahamas}} [[Kaarangay:Bahamas]] [[Kaarangay:Ulohan]] 3xwhvd8kxrvii8s9wc8zs7zxenty1nu 0 155359 7789872 6257156 2026-10-18T19:31:48Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles/Tinagalog 7789872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Graz University-Library reading-room.jpg|thumb|Sulod-barasahan]] Ha nahigaraan nga pagkasabot, an '''sulod-barasahan'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3 Pakli Ihap 202.</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Library'', [[Tinagalog]]: ''Aklatan'') in uska dako nga katitirok hin mga [[libro]], ngan natudlok han lugar kun diin ini nga katitirok in ginsisirongan. <center> <gallery> | | | | | | | | | | </gallery> </center> ==Mga kasarigan== {{reflist}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga sulod-barasahan]] gdj0g58j2m5qi1p1bopaaavzy6v73cs 0 155818 7789864 7788042 2026-10-18T19:21:03Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Iningles 7789864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Reading-Glasses.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''anteyohos'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3 Pakli Ihap 119.</ref> o '''antepará'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3 Pakli Ihap 119.</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Glasses'') in balayan hin mga [[lente]] nga ginsusul-ot ha [[atubang]]an hin mga [[mata]]. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turók}} [[Kaarangay:Optalmolohiya]] 6oknkvvxq9g1zr8c0p09m17e6m9ma8e 0 156167 7789847 2260251 2026-10-18T17:12:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Internet 7789847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:PHP-logo.svg|thumb]] Iton '''PHP''' in pankasahiran-nga-panuyuan nga dapit-ha-serbidor nga [[linggwahe]] skript nga orihinal nga gindesinyo para han pagpadukwag han Web para makahimo hin dinamiko nga mga pakli ha Web. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Internet]] 11dbxtl1qvs6q5qevb0wnpa0u1lv70q 14 157320 7789837 2594445 2026-10-18T16:01:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico 7789837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Moses}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico]] 0os4x4bc60jdrueyzl3e0hrnpablgcv 0 165559 7789848 5591540 2026-10-18T17:17:36Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Internet 7789848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lastfm logo.svg|thumb]] Iton '''Last.fm''' in serbisyo pan[[katiringban]] nga harampangan ngan [[websayt]] nga ginlansar han [[2002]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Internet]] py0hbheootsjak8nrmy1rmrauny711j 0 307823 7789821 7702657 2026-10-18T15:35:03Z Christophe baldi 69140 /* */ 7789821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Chilopoda|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Lithobius forficatus'' | status = | image = Steinläufer (Lithobius forficatus) 1.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Nikomkl9ahba]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Chilopoda]] | ordo = [[Lithobiomorpha]] | familia = [[Lithobiidae]] | genus = [[Lithobius]] | species = '''Lithobius forficatus''' | binomial = Lithobius forficatus | binomial_authority = [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] (1758) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Myriapoda]] | synonyms = ''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col32524"/><ref name = "col120090"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col28655"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col29275"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col32524"/><ref name = "col120090"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col536"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col28658"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col120092"/><br>''Lithobius diampolisi'' <small>Ribarov 1987</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col29083"/><br>''Lithobius golemanskyi'' <small>Ribarov 1987</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col29083"/><br>''Lithobius biunguiculatus'' <small>Matic & Golemansky 1965</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col28528"/><br>''Lithobius ameles'' <small>[[Chamberlin (awtor)|Chamberlin]] 1952</small><ref name = "col563"/><ref name = "col28626"/><br>''Lithobius rapitus'' <small>[[Chamberlin (awtor)|Chamberlin]] 1952</small><ref name = "col563"/><ref name = "col28626"/><br>''Lithobius parvolus'' <small>Fedrizzi 1877</small><ref name = "col832"/><ref name = "col29477"/><br>''Lithobius bonensis'' <small>[[Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert|Meinert]] 1872</small><ref name = "col28773"/><ref name = "col28776"/><br>''Lithobius curtirostris'' <small>Eisen & Stuxberg 1868</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col120093"/><br>''Lithobius coriaceus'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius trilineatus'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius parisiensis'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius muscorum'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius hortensis'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius quadridentatus'' <small>[[Menge (awtor)|Menge]] 1851</small><ref name = "col120095"/><br>''Lithobius brevicornis'' <small>Newport 1845</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius argus'' <small>Newport 1845</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius americanus'' <small>Newport 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius leachii'' <small>Newport G. 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius hardwickei'' <small>Newport G. 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28956"/><br>''Lithobius vesuvianus'' <small>[[Costa (awtor)|Costa]] (1839)</small><ref name = "col29307"/><ref name = "col120094"/><br>''Lithobius interrupta'' <small>[[Rafinesque (awtor)|Rafinesque]] (1820)</small><ref name = "col28791"/><ref name = "col28796"/><br>''Lithobius vulgaris'' <small>[[Leach (awtor)|Leach]] 1817</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col28958"/><br>''Lithobius laevilabrum'' <small>[[Leach (awtor)|Leach]] 1814</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col28757"/><br>''Lithobius forcipata'' <small>De Geer (1778)</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col120091"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120088"/><ref name = "col120089"/> }} An '''''Lithobius forficatus'''''<ref name = "col545"/><ref name = "col29702"/> in uska species han [[Chilopoda]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] hadton 1758. An ''Lithobius forficatus'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Lithobius]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Lithobiidae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> [[File:Lithobius forficatus-u.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2]] ==Subspecies== Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:<ref name = "COL"/> * ''L. f. forficatus'' * ''L. f. pulcher'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lithobius+forficatus/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col545">Eason E.H. (1982) A review of the north-west european species of Lithobiomorpha with a revised key to their identification, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 74: 9-33</ref> <ref name = "col29702">Linnaeus C. (1758) Systema naturae. Editio Decima., Holmiae. 1: 824 pp.</ref> <ref name = "source">''ChiloBase: A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda) for the web''. Minelli A. (ed), 10 Oktubre 2006</ref> <ref name = "col28510">Stoev P. (2002) A catalogue and key to the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Bulgaria, Pensoft, Sofia. 1-103</ref> <ref name = "col29083">Ribarov G.K. (1987) Five new species Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) from Southeastern Bulgaria, Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 34: 45-51</ref> <ref name = "col551">Eason E.H. (1972) The type specimens and identity of the species described in the genus Lithobius by C. L. Koch and L. Koch from 1841 to 1878 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology. 22: 103-150</ref> <ref name = "col28956">Newport G. (1844) A list of the species of Myriapoda order Chilopoda contained in the cabinets of the British Museum with synoptic descriptions of forty-seven new species, Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 13: 94-101</ref> <ref name = "col550">Koch L. (1862) Die Myriapodengattung Lithobius, J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg . 94+3 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col28791">Rafinesque C.S. (1820) Annals of nature, or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants etc. discovered in North America. First annual number for 1820, Lexington. pp. 20</ref> <ref name = "col28796">Hoffman R.L., Crabill R.E. (1953) C. S. Rafinesque as the real father of American myriapodology: an analysis of his hitherto unrecognized species, Florida Entomologist . 36: 73-82</ref> <ref name = "col28507">Brolemann H.W. (1930) Éléments d'une faune des myriapodes de France. Chilopodes, Imprimérie Toulousaine, Toulouse. XIX+405 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col28757">Leach W.E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, &c. and descriptions of several new genera, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 11: 306-400</ref> <ref name = "col28613">Newport G. (1845) Monograph of the class Myriapoda order Chilopoda; with observations on the general arrangement of the Articulata, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 19: 265-302, 349-439</ref> <ref name = "col832">Eason E.H., Minelli A. (1976) The identity of the species of Lithobiidae described by F. Fanzago and G. Fedrizzi from 1874 to 1881 (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha), Fragmenta Entomologica . 12: 183-205</ref> <ref name = "col29477">Fedrizzi G. (1877) I litobi italiani, Atti della Società Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali in Padova . 5(2): 184-233</ref> <ref name = "col120095">Menge A. (1851) Myriapoden der Umgegend von Danzig, Neueste Schriften der Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig. 4(2): 1-221</ref> <ref name = "col563">Chamberlin R.V. (1952) On the Chilopoda from Turkey, Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 17B: 183-258</ref> <ref name = "col28626">Zapparoli M. (1994) Chilopodi di Turchia. IV. Specie del genere Lithobius Leach 1814 s. str. (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha), Fragmenta Entomologica . 25: 175-256</ref> <ref name = "col29307">Newport G. (1856) Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chilopoda, Taylor & Francis, London. I+96 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col120094">Costa O. G. (1839) Fauna vesuviana ossia descrizione degl'insetti che vivono ne' fumajoli del cratere del Vesuvio, Atti dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Napoli. 4 (zool.): 21-53</ref> <ref name = "col28958">Leach W.E. (1817) The zoological miscellany, being the descriptions of new ar interesting animals. III. XII. The caracters of the genera of the class Myriopoda., Taylor, London. 3: 31-45, 10 pl.</ref> <ref name = "col120088">Demange J.-M. (1958) Trois nouveaux myriapodes cavernicoles de France, Notes Biospéologiques. 13: 53-56</ref> <ref name = "col120089">Eason E.H. (1970) The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of Iceland, Entomologica Scandinavica . 1: 47-54</ref> <ref name = "col120090">Eason E.H. (1970) On certain characters used to separate species and subspecies in the Lithobiidae, Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. (2)41 suppl. 2: 58-60</ref> <ref name = "col120092">Negrea S. (1965) Nouvelles données sur les Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) cavernicoles de la Roumanie, Lucrarile Institutului de Speologie "Emil Racovita", Bucharest. 4: 155-169</ref> <ref name = "col28658">Folkmanova B. (1946) Novi lithobiové (Chilopoda) z Balkánských jeskyn (Pátá predbezná zpráva), Príroda Brno. 38: 57-70</ref> <ref name = "col536">Verhoeff K.W. (1937) Zur Kenntnis der Lithobiiden, Archiv für Naturgeschichte . N.F. 6: 171-257</ref> <ref name = "col32524">Verhoeff K.W. (1942) Zur Kenntnis mediterraner Chilopoden besonders der Insel Ischia, Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere. 38: 483-525</ref> <ref name = "col29275">Chalande J. (1907) Contribution à la faune des myriapodes de France, Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes. 35: 136-139</ref> <ref name = "col28655">Verhoeff K.W. (1943) Chilopoden der Insel Kapri und der Sorrentinischen Halbinsel, Zoologischer Anzeiger . 141: 61-93</ref> <ref name = "col28528">Matic Z., Golemansky V. (1965) Nouvelle contribution à la connaissance des lithobiides (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha) en Bulgarie, Godishnik na Sofiiskiya Universitet, Biologo-Geologo-Geografski Fakultet. 58: 13-28</ref> <ref name = "col28773">Meinert F. (1872) Myriapoda Musaei Hauniensis. Bidrag til Myriapoderns Morphologi og Systematik. II. Lithobiini, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. (3)8: 281-344</ref> <ref name = "col28776">Eason E.H. (1974) The type specimens and identity of the species described in the genus Lithobius by F. Meinert and now preserved in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen University (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London . 55: 1-52</ref> <ref name = "col120093">Eisen, Stuxberg (1868) , Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. ***: ***</ref> <ref name = "col120091">De Geer C. (1778) Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Tome VII, P. Hesselberg, Stockholm. VI+950 pp.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Lithobius forficatus}} {{Wikispecies|Lithobius forficatus|''Lithobius forficatus''}} [[Kaarangay:Lithobius]] 6rhgc0ow33x911s0zsfncwdcjyelqqd 7789822 7789821 2026-10-18T15:35:30Z WikiBayer 39579 Ginpabalik an ginliwat ni [[Special:Contributions/Christophe baldi|Christophe baldi]] ([[User talk:Christophe baldi|hiruhimangraw]]) ngadto ha urhi nga pagliwat ni [[User:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] 7702657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Chilopoda|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Lithobius forficatus'' | status = | image = Steinläufer (Lithobius forficatus) 1.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Chilopoda]] | ordo = [[Lithobiomorpha]] | familia = [[Lithobiidae]] | genus = [[Lithobius]] | species = '''Lithobius forficatus''' | binomial = Lithobius forficatus | binomial_authority = [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] (1758) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Myriapoda]] | synonyms = ''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col32524"/><ref name = "col120090"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col28655"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col29275"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col32524"/><ref name = "col120090"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col536"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col28658"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120090"/><ref name = "col120092"/><br>''Lithobius diampolisi'' <small>Ribarov 1987</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col29083"/><br>''Lithobius golemanskyi'' <small>Ribarov 1987</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col29083"/><br>''Lithobius biunguiculatus'' <small>Matic & Golemansky 1965</small><ref name = "col28510"/><ref name = "col28528"/><br>''Lithobius ameles'' <small>[[Chamberlin (awtor)|Chamberlin]] 1952</small><ref name = "col563"/><ref name = "col28626"/><br>''Lithobius rapitus'' <small>[[Chamberlin (awtor)|Chamberlin]] 1952</small><ref name = "col563"/><ref name = "col28626"/><br>''Lithobius parvolus'' <small>Fedrizzi 1877</small><ref name = "col832"/><ref name = "col29477"/><br>''Lithobius bonensis'' <small>[[Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert|Meinert]] 1872</small><ref name = "col28773"/><ref name = "col28776"/><br>''Lithobius curtirostris'' <small>Eisen & Stuxberg 1868</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col120093"/><br>''Lithobius coriaceus'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius trilineatus'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius parisiensis'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius muscorum'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius hortensis'' <small>[[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]] 1862</small><ref name = "col550"/><ref name = "col551"/><br>''Lithobius quadridentatus'' <small>[[Menge (awtor)|Menge]] 1851</small><ref name = "col120095"/><br>''Lithobius brevicornis'' <small>Newport 1845</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius argus'' <small>Newport 1845</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius americanus'' <small>Newport 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius leachii'' <small>Newport G. 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28613"/><br>''Lithobius hardwickei'' <small>Newport G. 1844</small><ref name = "col551"/><ref name = "col28956"/><br>''Lithobius vesuvianus'' <small>[[Costa (awtor)|Costa]] (1839)</small><ref name = "col29307"/><ref name = "col120094"/><br>''Lithobius interrupta'' <small>[[Rafinesque (awtor)|Rafinesque]] (1820)</small><ref name = "col28791"/><ref name = "col28796"/><br>''Lithobius vulgaris'' <small>[[Leach (awtor)|Leach]] 1817</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col28958"/><br>''Lithobius laevilabrum'' <small>[[Leach (awtor)|Leach]] 1814</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col28757"/><br>''Lithobius forcipata'' <small>De Geer (1778)</small><ref name = "col28507"/><ref name = "col120091"/><br>''Lithobius forficatus'' <small></small><ref name = "col120088"/><ref name = "col120089"/> }} An '''''Lithobius forficatus'''''<ref name = "col545"/><ref name = "col29702"/> in uska species han [[Chilopoda]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] hadton 1758. An ''Lithobius forficatus'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Lithobius]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Lithobiidae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> [[File:Lithobius forficatus-u.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2]] ==Subspecies== Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:<ref name = "COL"/> * ''L. f. forficatus'' * ''L. f. pulcher'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lithobius+forficatus/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col545">Eason E.H. (1982) A review of the north-west european species of Lithobiomorpha with a revised key to their identification, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 74: 9-33</ref> <ref name = "col29702">Linnaeus C. (1758) Systema naturae. Editio Decima., Holmiae. 1: 824 pp.</ref> <ref name = "source">''ChiloBase: A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda) for the web''. Minelli A. (ed), 10 Oktubre 2006</ref> <ref name = "col28510">Stoev P. (2002) A catalogue and key to the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Bulgaria, Pensoft, Sofia. 1-103</ref> <ref name = "col29083">Ribarov G.K. (1987) Five new species Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) from Southeastern Bulgaria, Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 34: 45-51</ref> <ref name = "col551">Eason E.H. (1972) The type specimens and identity of the species described in the genus Lithobius by C. L. Koch and L. Koch from 1841 to 1878 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology. 22: 103-150</ref> <ref name = "col28956">Newport G. (1844) A list of the species of Myriapoda order Chilopoda contained in the cabinets of the British Museum with synoptic descriptions of forty-seven new species, Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 13: 94-101</ref> <ref name = "col550">Koch L. (1862) Die Myriapodengattung Lithobius, J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg . 94+3 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col28791">Rafinesque C.S. (1820) Annals of nature, or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants etc. discovered in North America. First annual number for 1820, Lexington. pp. 20</ref> <ref name = "col28796">Hoffman R.L., Crabill R.E. (1953) C. S. Rafinesque as the real father of American myriapodology: an analysis of his hitherto unrecognized species, Florida Entomologist . 36: 73-82</ref> <ref name = "col28507">Brolemann H.W. (1930) Éléments d'une faune des myriapodes de France. Chilopodes, Imprimérie Toulousaine, Toulouse. XIX+405 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col28757">Leach W.E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, &c. and descriptions of several new genera, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 11: 306-400</ref> <ref name = "col28613">Newport G. (1845) Monograph of the class Myriapoda order Chilopoda; with observations on the general arrangement of the Articulata, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 19: 265-302, 349-439</ref> <ref name = "col832">Eason E.H., Minelli A. (1976) The identity of the species of Lithobiidae described by F. Fanzago and G. Fedrizzi from 1874 to 1881 (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha), Fragmenta Entomologica . 12: 183-205</ref> <ref name = "col29477">Fedrizzi G. (1877) I litobi italiani, Atti della Società Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali in Padova . 5(2): 184-233</ref> <ref name = "col120095">Menge A. (1851) Myriapoden der Umgegend von Danzig, Neueste Schriften der Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig. 4(2): 1-221</ref> <ref name = "col563">Chamberlin R.V. (1952) On the Chilopoda from Turkey, Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 17B: 183-258</ref> <ref name = "col28626">Zapparoli M. (1994) Chilopodi di Turchia. IV. Specie del genere Lithobius Leach 1814 s. str. (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha), Fragmenta Entomologica . 25: 175-256</ref> <ref name = "col29307">Newport G. (1856) Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chilopoda, Taylor & Francis, London. I+96 pp.</ref> <ref name = "col120094">Costa O. G. (1839) Fauna vesuviana ossia descrizione degl'insetti che vivono ne' fumajoli del cratere del Vesuvio, Atti dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Napoli. 4 (zool.): 21-53</ref> <ref name = "col28958">Leach W.E. (1817) The zoological miscellany, being the descriptions of new ar interesting animals. III. XII. The caracters of the genera of the class Myriopoda., Taylor, London. 3: 31-45, 10 pl.</ref> <ref name = "col120088">Demange J.-M. (1958) Trois nouveaux myriapodes cavernicoles de France, Notes Biospéologiques. 13: 53-56</ref> <ref name = "col120089">Eason E.H. (1970) The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of Iceland, Entomologica Scandinavica . 1: 47-54</ref> <ref name = "col120090">Eason E.H. (1970) On certain characters used to separate species and subspecies in the Lithobiidae, Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. (2)41 suppl. 2: 58-60</ref> <ref name = "col120092">Negrea S. (1965) Nouvelles données sur les Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) cavernicoles de la Roumanie, Lucrarile Institutului de Speologie "Emil Racovita", Bucharest. 4: 155-169</ref> <ref name = "col28658">Folkmanova B. (1946) Novi lithobiové (Chilopoda) z Balkánských jeskyn (Pátá predbezná zpráva), Príroda Brno. 38: 57-70</ref> <ref name = "col536">Verhoeff K.W. (1937) Zur Kenntnis der Lithobiiden, Archiv für Naturgeschichte . N.F. 6: 171-257</ref> <ref name = "col32524">Verhoeff K.W. (1942) Zur Kenntnis mediterraner Chilopoden besonders der Insel Ischia, Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere. 38: 483-525</ref> <ref name = "col29275">Chalande J. (1907) Contribution à la faune des myriapodes de France, Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes. 35: 136-139</ref> <ref name = "col28655">Verhoeff K.W. (1943) Chilopoden der Insel Kapri und der Sorrentinischen Halbinsel, Zoologischer Anzeiger . 141: 61-93</ref> <ref name = "col28528">Matic Z., Golemansky V. (1965) Nouvelle contribution à la connaissance des lithobiides (Chilopoda Lithobiomorpha) en Bulgarie, Godishnik na Sofiiskiya Universitet, Biologo-Geologo-Geografski Fakultet. 58: 13-28</ref> <ref name = "col28773">Meinert F. (1872) Myriapoda Musaei Hauniensis. Bidrag til Myriapoderns Morphologi og Systematik. II. Lithobiini, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. (3)8: 281-344</ref> <ref name = "col28776">Eason E.H. (1974) The type specimens and identity of the species described in the genus Lithobius by F. Meinert and now preserved in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen University (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London . 55: 1-52</ref> <ref name = "col120093">Eisen, Stuxberg (1868) , Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. ***: ***</ref> <ref name = "col120091">De Geer C. (1778) Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Tome VII, P. Hesselberg, Stockholm. VI+950 pp.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Lithobius forficatus}} {{Wikispecies|Lithobius forficatus|''Lithobius forficatus''}} [[Kaarangay:Lithobius]] 2mr0bzijs4kn5vh364p7m87gbrjlytj 0 575007 7789916 7025661 2026-10-19T05:06:37Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Neoniphon_marianus.jpg with [[File:Neoniphon_vexillarius.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: short snout, wrong colour pattern). 7789916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Actinopterygii|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Neoniphon'' | status = | image = Neoniphon vexillarius.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Beryciformes]] | familia = [[Holocentridae]] | genus = '''Neoniphon''' | species = | binomial = Neoniphon | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | superclassis = [[Osteichthyes]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Neoniphon'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Actinopterygii]]. An ''Neoniphon'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Holocentridae]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Holocentridae]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''''&nbsp;Neoniphon&nbsp;''''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Neoniphon argenteus]]'' | 2=''[[Neoniphon aurolineatus]]'' | 3=''[[Neoniphon marianus]]'' | 4=''[[Neoniphon opercularis]]'' | 5=''[[Neoniphon sammara]]'' }} | 2=''[[Corniger]]'' | 3=''[[Holocentrus]]'' | 4=''[[Myripristis]]'' | 5=''[[Ostichthys]]'' | 6=''[[Plectrypops]]'' | 7=''[[Pristilepis]]'' | 8=''[[Sargocentron]]'' }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/neoniphon/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Neoniphon}} {{Wikispecies|Neoniphon|''Neoniphon''}} [[Kaarangay:Neoniphon]] dupdl6b615sktdj9wz14l6jcc3lj98x 0 1565006 7789790 6688334 2026-10-18T14:55:07Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias arida'' | status = | image = Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias arida''' | binomial = Colias arida | binomial_authority = Alphéraky, 1889 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias arida'''''<ref name = "col7338"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Alphéraky hadton 1889. An ''Colias arida'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+arida/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col7338">Alphéraky, Serghyi Nikolaevich (1889) Lépidoptères rapportés du Thibet par le Général N. M. Przewalsky de son voyage de 1884-1885., Alphéraky, Serghyi Nikolaevich (1889) Lépidoptères rapportés du Thibet par le Général N. M. Przewalsky de son voyage de 1884-1885. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 5: 59-89, pl 4</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias arida}} {{Wikispecies|Colias arida|''Colias arida''}} [[Kaarangay:Colias]] 2phx0bu02qpu2wxz46tgvcl64t90lut 0 1565015 7789789 6688338 2026-10-18T14:55:04Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias berylla'' | status = | image = Bryla82.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias berylla''' | binomial = Colias berylla | binomial_authority = [[Fawcett (awtor)|Fawcett]], 1904 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias berylla'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni [[Fawcett (awtor)|Fawcett]] hadton 1904. An ''Colias berylla'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+berylla/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias berylla}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] 0kvytpxz32ojuqq44r58vnljcb53eoe 0 1565027 7789788 6688346 2026-10-18T14:55:01Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias chrysotheme'' | status = | image = (MHNT) Colias chrysotheme chrysotheme - Érd Hongrie - male.jpg | image_caption = ''Colias chrysotheme'' ♂ | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias chrysotheme''' | binomial = Colias chrysotheme | binomial_authority = ([[Eugen Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], 1777) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias chrysotheme'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Eugen Johann Christoph Esper]] hadton 1777. An ''Colias chrysotheme'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> <gallery mode=packed heights="180px"> (MHNT) Colias chrysotheme chrysotheme - Érd Hongrie - female dorsal.jpg|'' Colias chrysotheme'' ♀ (MHNT) Colias chrysotheme chrysotheme - Érd Hongrie - female ventral.jpg|'' Colias chrysotheme'' ♀ △ </gallery> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+chrysotheme/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias chrysotheme}} {{Wikispecies|Colias chrysotheme|''Colias chrysotheme''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] gvog1dpz79w4hetsz7antnccllwztmz 0 1565042 7789791 6688353 2026-10-18T14:55:26Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias eogene'' | status = | image = Colias83.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias eogene''' | binomial = Colias eogene | binomial_authority = [[Felder (awtor)|Felder]] & [[Felder (awtor)|Felder]], 1865 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias eogene'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni [[Felder (awtor)|Felder]] hadton 1865. An ''Colias eogene'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+eogene/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias eogene}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] nbk80fmgn4fqeclwil1dpuzuqbhtb5t 0 1565045 7789792 6688354 2026-10-18T14:55:29Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias erate'' | status = | image = Colias erate poliographus　sep01 edited.png | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias erate''' | binomial = Colias erate | binomial_authority = ([[Eugen Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], [1805]) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = ''Colias neriene var. chrysodona'' <small>[[Jean Baptiste Boisduval|Boisduval]], 1840</small><ref name = "col7332"/> }} An '''''Colias erate'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Eugen Johann Christoph Esper]] hadton 1805. An ''Colias erate'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+erate/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> <ref name = "col7332">Boisduval, J. B. A. (1840) Genera et index methodicus europaeorum lepidopterorum., Boisduval, J. B. A. (1840) Genera et index methodicus europaeorum lepidopterorum. IX, 238 pp., Roret, Paris.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias erate}} {{Wikispecies|Colias erate|''Colias erate''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Colias erate and Rhododendron albrechtii in Mount Nogo 2011-06-12.jpg File:Colias erate and Taraxacum.JPG File:Colias erate poliographus sep01.jpg File:Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow AUG08.jpg File:Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow in Osaka.jpg File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] aduio8wly0ywgeeprbfzwg3yzp9gz0w 0 1565046 7789793 6688355 2026-10-18T14:55:32Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias erschoffi'' | status = | image = Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias erschoffi''' | binomial = Colias erschoffi | binomial_authority = Alphéraky, 1881 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias erschoffi'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Alphéraky hadton 1881. An ''Colias erschoffi'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+erschoffi/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias erschoffi}} [[Kaarangay:Colias]] szjgfw3gd692tzve5zx9s41m78oldxc 0 1565054 7789801 6688359 2026-10-18T14:55:57Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias fieldii'' | status = | image = MuseiImperialiScientiarumPetropolitanaeTaf1.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias fieldii''' | binomial = Colias fieldii | binomial_authority = Ménétriés, 1855 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = ''Colias xenodice'' <small>[[Felder (awtor)|Felder]] & [[Felder (awtor)|Felder]], 1859</small><ref name = "col7143"/> }} An '''''Colias fieldii'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Ménétriés hadton 1855. An ''Colias fieldii'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+fieldii/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> <ref name = "col7143">Felder, C.; Felder, R. (1859) Lepidopterologische Fragmente. IV., Felder, C.; Felder, R. (1859) Lepidopterologische Fragmente. IV. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 3 (12): 390-405, 413; pls. 7-9.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias fieldii}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg Close wing nectaring of Colias fieldii Ménétriés, 1855 – Dark Clouded Yellow on Bidens pilosa.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] kltt4ci90z1l78x7os35gndncag1b30 0 1565061 7789800 6688364 2026-10-18T14:55:54Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias hecla'' | status = | image = Colias_hecla_sulitelma_(Spuler).png | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias hecla''' | binomial = Colias hecla | binomial_authority = Lefèbvre, 1836 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias hecla'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Lefèbvre hadton 1836. An ''Colias hecla'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+hecla/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias hecla}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Colias hecla f.jpg File:Colias hecla m.jpg File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] 34ztrdw55q78iykelj0wjfkle79ucqs 0 1565065 7789799 6688365 2026-10-18T14:55:51Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias heos'' | status = | image = Colias_heos.JPG | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias heos''' | binomial = Colias heos | binomial_authority = ([[Herbst (awtor)|Herbst]], 1792) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = ''Colias aurora'' <small>Bang-Haas, 1934</small><ref name = "col6940"/><br>''Colias aurora'' <small>Bang-Haas, 1927</small><ref name = "col6710"/><br>''Papilio aurora'' <small>[[Eugen Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], 1783</small> }} An '''''Colias heos'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Herbst (awtor)|Herbst]] hadton 1792. An ''Colias heos'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+heos/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> <ref name = "col6940">Bang-Haas, O. (1934) Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen der Palaearktischen Macrolepidopterenfauna. XIII., Bang-Haas, O. (1934) Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen der Palaearktischen Macrolepidopterenfauna. XIII. Entomologische Zeitschrift 48 (14): 108-110.</ref> <ref name = "col6710">Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae regionis palaearcticae. Volumen I., Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae regionis palaearcticae. Volumen I. XXVIII, 128 pp., 11 pls., Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas, Dresden-Blasewitz.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias heos}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Colias heos female.JPG File:Colias heos underside.JPG File:Colias heos.JPG File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] asupajt8o1wkxxmlsfh3hl3vhy8gkge 0 1565095 7789798 6688381 2026-10-18T14:55:48Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias nebulosa'' | status = | image = Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias nebulosa''' | binomial = Colias nebulosa | binomial_authority = [[Charles Oberthür|Oberthür]], 1894 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = ''Colias richthofeni'' <small>Bang-Haas, 1927</small><ref name = "col6710"/><br>''Colias richthofeni'' <small>Bang-Haas, 1927</small><ref name = "col6710"/> }} An '''''Colias nebulosa'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni [[Charles Oberthür]] hadton 1894. An ''Colias nebulosa'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+nebulosa/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> <ref name = "col6710">Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae regionis palaearcticae. Volumen I., Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae regionis palaearcticae. Volumen I. XXVIII, 128 pp., 11 pls., Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas, Dresden-Blasewitz.</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias nebulosa}} [[Kaarangay:Colias]] tkdq0k9fxvqq0kae3lvj8zx0ajao28i 0 1565108 7789797 6688390 2026-10-18T14:55:46Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias regia'' | status = | image = Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias regia''' | binomial = Colias regia | binomial_authority = Grum-Grshimailo, 1887 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias regia'''''<ref name = "col6912"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Grum-grshimailo hadton 1887. An ''Colias regia'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+regia/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col6912">Grumm-Grshimailo, G. (1887) Bericht über meine Reise in das östliche Buchara (Correspondenz). Nebst Anhang: Diagnosen einiger neuen Species., Grumm-Grshimailo, G. (1887) Bericht über meine Reise in das östliche Buchara (Correspondenz). Nebst Anhang: Diagnosen einiger neuen Species. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 3: 357-402 (1 map).</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias regia}} [[Kaarangay:Colias]] aoe0g6uqsfxf84mzradhqbw051a4ulg 0 1565118 7789796 6688396 2026-10-18T14:55:43Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias staudingeri'' | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias staudingeri''' | binomial = Colias staudingeri | binomial_authority = Alphéraky, 1881 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias staudingeri'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Alphéraky hadton 1881. An ''Colias staudingeri'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+staudingeri/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias staudingeri}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] gpl8oqt4bt3iiefs4ohpza6uzaiuh60 0 1565124 7789795 6688399 2026-10-18T14:55:40Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias thisoa'' | status = | image = Stamp_of_Kyrgyzstan_216.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias thisoa''' | binomial = Colias thisoa | binomial_authority = Ménétriès, 1832 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = ''Colias thisoa f. ludmilla'' <small>[[Schulte (awtor)|Schulte]], 1989</small><ref name = "col7313"/> }} An '''''Colias thisoa'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Ménétriès hadton 1832. An ''Colias thisoa'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+thisoa/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> <ref name = "col7313">Schulte, A. (1989) Einige neue Pieriden-Taxa aus dem Kaukasus, dem Pamir und Afghanistan., Schulte, A. (1989) Einige neue Pieriden-Taxa aus dem Kaukasus, dem Pamir und Afghanistan. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge 10 (4): 291-297 (12 figs.).</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias thisoa}} {{Wikispecies|Colias thisoa|''Colias thisoa''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Colias thisoa.JPG File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg File:Stamp of Kyrgyzstan 216.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Colias]] mzm0k6jv3jq94ztpw8lg7rdqel2fl40 0 1565134 7789794 6688406 2026-10-18T14:55:37Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Macrolepidoptera01seitz_0059.jpg with [[File:Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 7789794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Colias viluiensis'' | status = | image = Seitz1FaunaPalaearcticaPlate026.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Pieridae]] | genus = [[Colias]] | species = '''Colias viluiensis''' | binomial = Colias viluiensis | binomial_authority = Ménétriès, 1859 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Colias viluiensis'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Lepidoptera]] nga ginhulagway ni Ménétriès hadton 1859. An ''Colias viluiensis'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Colias]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Pieridae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/colias+viluiensis/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "source">''GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System''. Häuser C., Holstein J. & Steiner A. (eds), 23 Nobyembre 2008</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Colias viluiensis}} [[Kaarangay:Colias]] rje9t5wyf0bjqq08cy55qs4gm3ue686 0 1866302 7789892 5572969 2026-10-18T20:04:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tam-is''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Sweet'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Tamis'') ini amo it [[reaksyon]] han aton [[dila]] tungod hit [[azukar]]/[[Kalamay]]. jax8ednf1xvjnf5m8s7pj1a8aap5ia6 0 1866443 7789862 4603621 2026-10-18T19:17:50Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Takup''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Crown/Covering'') adtu ha [[sulud]] an iya guin ki[[kewa]] han, hiya adi ha [[gawas]], [[tahub]] 2tm0axkm892dfhkjshvwxcy0u1jf77k 0 1866519 7789875 7787256 2026-10-18T19:36:51Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kadagatan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Seas'') [[dagat]] ; lawod: [[butnga]] hit dagat [[Kaarangay:Mga kadagatan| ]] 40gf2pjwxszb6hinsthwt8xd2fxy41d 0 1867450 7789866 7788562 2026-10-18T19:22:56Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Panakayan 7789866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarakyan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Vehicle'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Sasakyan'') [[makina]] u di [[padyak]] u di [[bugsay]] [[Kaarangay:Panakayan]] q5g7c817g8l62hirzlnfiuq9pxwxsqg 0 1867658 7789893 4605706 2026-10-18T20:05:03Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Litik''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Snap/Break'') [[buka]] ; [[pitik]] ; [[bu-ung]] ofjhb0s887s36i332uhidk7btbvcqza 0 1867660 7789894 4890406 2026-10-18T20:05:40Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buka''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Crack/Defense/Offense'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Dumiskarte/Buka/Laman ng Pananalita'') [[ukang]] ; [[bu-ung]] ; [[tungga]] 8146zfmn3fchq6ipnncxnjkjzuidbsw 0 1867668 7789903 4788399 2026-10-19T04:28:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lingkud''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Seat'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Upu'') [[puruku]] ; [[pahuway]] ; pag[[pahuway]] ha [[may]] [[sandig]]an nga [[lingkuran]]. Kaarangay: [[Pungku]] a3wcdukyhiwo0ukqgx03q9dbnr6jr7p 0 1867766 7789861 4605895 2026-10-18T19:16:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Istruktura''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Structure'') na[[tindug]] ; [[may-ada]] [[tukud]] {{turok}} [[en:structure]] dlrtm1psryjaa663lpp9b0yeuqzilrs 0 1867775 7789863 5572950 2026-10-18T19:18:48Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Panapton 7789863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarwal''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Pants'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Salawal/Pantalon'') uska nga [[takup]] hit [[tawo]] pan-[[ilarum]] [[Kaarangay:Panapton]] 023nx4908kdzkkqnqc73w7a507zezch 0 1867818 7789889 6205204 2026-10-18T20:01:31Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Lawas 7789889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamut''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Hands'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Kamay'') [[duha]] na[[urusa]] [[han]] [[pálad]] , [[siku]], [[brasu]] , parti han [[lawas]] [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] 1xkecqn4oekddycklyi68ln0efddecz 0 1867819 7789890 7788292 2026-10-18T20:02:02Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Lawas 7789890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Palad''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Hand'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Palad'') ka[[urusa]] [[han]] [[mga]] [[karamuy]] (o [[tudlô]]) ; parti han [[kamut]] [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] 3nr7zo2loecoso7hkme9x5xalepcyye 0 1982880 7789902 4723887 2026-10-19T04:28:09Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandig''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Lean'', [[Pambansa]]: xxxxx) usa nga [[yakan]] [[tikang]] ha Baryo Kasandig [[buut]] [[sidngon]] i[[tukud]] an [[taludtud]] psclhieka8tjw07inf303p8rvx9wqse 0 1983196 7789905 4788297 2026-10-19T04:30:43Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pisak''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Fall/Drop'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Tulo/Talon'') usa nga pag [[luksu]] han tubig tikang ha [[igbaw]] tipa-[[ubus]]. Tikang [[hita-as]] ngadtu [[himubu]] tungud han [[grabitad]]. 4woqd8m8za9q18cnmf4dlljslnvmyse 0 1983205 7789882 7335363 2026-10-18T19:50:08Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gingembre.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{Taxobox | name = ''Zingiber officinale'' | status = | image = Koeh-146.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | ordo = [[Zingiberales]] | familia = [[Zingiberaceae]] | genus = [[Zingiber]] | species = '''Zingiber officinale''' | binomial = Zingiber officinale | binomial_authority = [[William Roscoe|Roscoe]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Zingiber zingiber'' <small>([[Carl von Linné|L.]]) [[Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten|H.Karst.]]</small><br>''Zingiber sichuanense'' <small>Z.Y.Zhu, S.L.Zhang & S.X.Chen</small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' var.'' sichuanense'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' var.'' rubrum'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' var.'' rubens'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' f.'' rubens'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' var.'' macrorhizonum'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' f.'' macrorhizonum'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber officinale'' var.'' cholmondeleyi'' <small></small><br>''Zingiber missionis'' <small>[[Nathaniel Wallich|Wall.]]</small><br>''Zingiber cholmondeleyi'' <small>([[Frederick Manson Bailey|F.M.Bailey]]) [[Karl Moritz Schumann|K.Schum.]]</small><br>''Zingiber aromaticum'' <small>Noronha</small><br>''Amomum zinziba'' <small>[[John Hill|Hill]]</small><br>''Amomum zingiber'' <small>[[Carl von Linné|L.]]</small><br>''Amomum angustifolium'' <small>[[Richard Anthony Salisbury|Salisb.]]</small> }} An '''layá''' o '''luy-a''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Ginger'') usa ka espesye han namumunga nga medisina nga espesya ha banay ''[[Zingiberaceae]]''. An '''''Zingiber officinale'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Liliopsida]] nga ginhulagway ni [[William Roscoe]]. An ''Zingiber officinale'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Zingiber]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Zingiberaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/>, Ini in may [[bukad]], guin aadman pa ini kun puydi an bukad itanum para mapa[[damu]] ini nga uska luy-a, para ma[[kaun]] han uska bungtoha. Ini in nabunga ha ilarum han tuna. Ug an tinugga nga luya pudi itanum liwat para tumuruk hiya, diri sugad hitun kalaksi u kadamu an paghimu kun ansya man. ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/9756887|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">Roscoe, 1807 ''In: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 348''</ref> <ref name = "source">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Zingiber officinale|''Zingiber officinale''}} {{Wikispecies|Zingiber officinale|''Zingiber officinale''}} [[Kaarangay:Zingiber]] i4sh8847htbq4m06xa3fqdwigc4e58s 0 1983216 7789904 4788396 2026-10-19T04:29:51Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siya''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Her'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Siya'') kaparihu han [[hiya]], para [[babayi]] d5nh11g6le8lujzov29mw0w5dds2c3l 0 1985869 7789909 6253786 2026-10-19T04:40:56Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Horseshoe Bend TC 27-09-2012 15-34-14.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Colorado''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Colorado, Salog}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog]] [[Kaarangay:Estados Unidos]] [[Kaarangay:Arizona]] [[Kaarangay:Utah]] [[Kaarangay:California]] [[Kaarangay:Nevada]] [[Kaarangay:Colorado]] cuev6gaptr2nwxq0quf4iqnwz7jjgct 0 1985871 7789914 5401609 2026-10-19T04:44:46Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga salog 7789914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mackenzie from-east.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Mackenzie''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog|Mackenzie]] o2rg3pfier5ygxa98p3o8x19d25hj6r 0 1985872 7789911 6253788 2026-10-19T04:42:29Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lower Missouri River.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Missouri''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Missouri}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog]] [[Kaarangay:Estados Unidos]] [[Kaarangay:North Dakota]] [[Kaarangay:South Dakota]] gz1txtlhwbokp1gvquk6yam5svyrac5 0 1985873 7789912 6332252 2026-10-19T04:42:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ohio River.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Ohio''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ohio, Salog}} [[Kaarangay:Estados Unidos]] [[Kaarangay:Mga salog]] fprgrbynthblhuocvrbnby1hnh87zrc 0 1985876 7789913 5401628 2026-10-19T04:43:50Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga salog 7789913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dawson City Lookout Yukon River 3264px.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Yukon''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog|Yukon]] 9d2uwc9pr1d0ig2492wpq8eur8irta2 0 1985886 7789910 6253865 2026-10-19T04:41:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rio Madeira 09072007.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Madeira''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Salatan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madeira}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog]] o25lhquqwfv5lqpphzk1h1shclcyyw9 0 1985892 7789908 6187787 2026-10-19T04:40:07Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga salog 7789908 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paraná.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Paraná''' in uska [[salog]] ha [[Salatan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog|Paraná]] aoq1fxjv3ujayu3m8hr60yupejxoh4k 0 1986395 7789898 4794540 2026-10-18T20:10:23Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ispasyu''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Space'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Espasyo'') an [[kalibutan]] , an atun [[ngatanan]] nahihikadtu-an, [[bakanti]] acbw05e9jdyudsre5ib6ualp2my3h2x 0 1986397 7789899 4794542 2026-10-18T20:10:50Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bakanti''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Vacant'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Bakante'') [[ispasyu]]; [[lugar]] ; [[dapit]] 6n9mni3byetf35wb56v7fcbzvvg6341 0 2013250 7789897 4821602 2026-10-18T20:09:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liwan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Get Dressed'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Bihis'') pag-kig-[[angay]] ha tawo, nga [[badu]] '''Pag-liwa''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Get Dressed'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Magbihis'') maki-[[angay]] nga tahub han [[lawas]] nga [[uso]] sj286ziduvqums1knrnifkas28ufi70 0 2089036 7789871 4898607 2026-10-18T19:30:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulung''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Speech'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Talumpati'') pag-[[yakan]] ha [[intabladu]] cvmg17z8762n1jtwre56ml0g9o6dtcg 0 2089050 7789870 6223431 2026-10-18T19:29:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intabladu''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Auditorium/Stage/Gathering'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Entablado'') uska [[tiruk]] hin mga [[tawo]] {{turok}} [[en:Stage (theatre)]] 8hp0zvgjmhta658wyn2ovon88vihvm0 0 2458284 7789896 6278273 2026-10-18T20:06:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pait''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Bitter'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Pait'') uska rasa nga guinpapa[[dara]] ha [[utok]] para magpadara [[sinyales]] kun puwidi o diri puydi. {{turok}} cn73b7btir6jp14uva2yl0o7nyonuzt 0 2588027 7789888 5706201 2026-10-18T20:00:42Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sagubay''' (Iningles: ''Arms Extending'') (Pambansa:xxxxyyyy) pag butang han [[brasu]] ha [[taludtud]] an [[kamut]] naka[[pahuway]] ha printi nga [[dughan]] han [[tawo]] 7jyjohdcnj7b9wvpk2oxjbpn3e34g6h 0 2789512 7789881 6240043 2026-10-18T19:47:38Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paku''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Wings'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Pakpak'') [[gamit]] pag [[lupad]] [[sugad]] han [[mga]] [[patu]] ([[Iningles]]: ''Gander'') {{turok}} nb115dh3zuo7kgnmce4g12a6pzkhqn5 0 2872900 7789879 7788167 2026-10-18T19:43:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles, mga sumpay 7789879 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Embers_01.JPG|thumb]] Iton '''baga''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Ember/Hot coal'') amo an [[tawag]] han nagla[[lamrag]], [[mapaso]] nga [[uring]] nga nagpapabilin kahuman o [[danay]] san-o hin uska [[kalayo]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Kalayo]] mxhsgi9qrfoa4c3dm156tzlb2rq6seo 0 2875540 7789885 6278285 2026-10-18T19:52:37Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Napuskag''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Expand'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Lumuluwag'') [[nahalu-ag]], na[[daku]] it [[sukul]] {{turok}} tlvw4890xulpkwegtr2nt7r6o6bv8vm 0 2875541 7789883 6204255 2026-10-18T19:51:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789883 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Nahalu-ag'' ([[Iningles]]: ''Expand'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Lumuluwag'') [[napuskag]], nahilapad, na[[daku]] emlq9k01p6kywclxgdcc8dc3cvhtwmi 7789884 7789883 2026-10-18T19:51:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nahalu-ag''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Expand'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Lumuluwag'') [[napuskag]], nahilapad, na[[daku]] dhv8e4g9obwktbkh9c1fu3cnkocoqm2 0 2875740 7789865 6205791 2026-10-18T19:22:09Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bugsay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Saddle'') (Pambansa:xxxxyyy) uska [[brasu]] pag-pa[[andar]] han [[sarakyan]] pan-[[tubig]] d0knf3fft7jox1knwivpjoxg58gnv8a 0 2876072 7789829 6230724 2026-10-18T15:51:25Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Daan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Dáan nga Ginsabutan''' amo an syahan nga bahin han Kristiyano nga [[Bibliya]] nga panguna nga nakabase tikang ha Ebreo nga Bibliya (o [[Tanakh]]), usa ka katitirok hin kadaan nga mga panurat panrelihiyon han mga Israelita nga gintutuohan han kadam-an nga mga Kristiyano ngan relihiyoso nga Hudyo han pagigin baraan nga Pulong han Diyos. An kalingit hini amo an [[Bag-o nga Ginsabutan]], an ikaduha nga bahin han Kristiyano nga Bibliya. An mga libro nga nagbubug-os han canon nga Dáan nga Ginsabutan in nagkakadurudilain ha mga Singbahan Kristiyano pati liwat an ira pagkasunodsunod ngan mga ngaran. An kasagaran canon han Protestante in may-ada 39 ka mga libro, an canon han Katoliko may-ada 46 ka mga libro, ngan an mga canon han mga Singbahan nga Sinirangan Ortodoxo ngan Oriental Ortodoxo in maabot hin 51 ka mga libro. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan| ]] 9yne8piaff2aayqc4e9jwfgaek1xykk 0 2876080 7789828 6236258 2026-10-18T15:51:07Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dáan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Basahán han Genesis''' usa nga libro han [[Dáan nga Ginsabutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Genesis| ]] b01z4kkoxjd4wgo9kzv8rujhj5kc7jc 0 2876082 7789830 7784031 2026-10-18T15:52:42Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dáan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Basahán han Exodo''' usa nga libro han [[Dáan nga Ginsabutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Exodo| ]] ln7u9uii4457l0se1j1z488c342crfo 0 2876084 7789833 6254445 2026-10-18T15:56:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico 7789833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dáan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Basahán han Levitico''' usa nga libro han [[Dáan nga Ginsabutan]]. An Basahán han Levitico amo an ikatulo nga libro han [[Torah]] ngan Dáan nga Ginsabutan. Kadam'an han chapter (1–7, 11–27) san basahan amo in nagpapahiunung san mga ginbagaw san Ginoo ngadto kan [[Moses]], na ginsisiring san Ginuo na igpasamwak ni Moses ngadto san mga Israelita. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico| ]] qmv5ypeeaqzylniat3g0lv5n51svtbg 0 2876086 7789840 6208775 2026-10-18T16:10:08Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Basahán han mga Numero 7789840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dáan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Basahán han mga Numero''' usa nga libro han [[Dáan nga Ginsabutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han mga Numero| ]] 477e6sgbfmh39kletv5o59dzog1shft 0 2876088 7789842 6208776 2026-10-18T16:12:20Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Basahán han Deuteronomio 7789842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dáan nga Ginsabutan}} An '''Basahán han Deuteronomio''' usa nga libro han [[Dáan nga Ginsabutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Deuteronomio| ]] kh5swgbfm5un8ia52je5m3hkwoo5ka0 0 2880200 7789838 6221978 2026-10-18T16:02:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico 7789838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aaron (Kirillo-Belozersk).jpg|thumb|240px]] Hi '''Aaron''' usa nga [[bugtu]] han [[Moises]]. An susumaton han [[kinabuhi]] ni [[manaragna]] kaupod ha [[Diyos]]. {{Commonscat|Aaron}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico]] et556ob3f0dipx4qc2454bxnbvbte4j 0 2880405 7789785 6223052 2026-10-18T12:07:40Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7789785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:9-Week Human Embryo from Ectopic Pregnancy.jpg|thumb|240px]] Iton '''embryon''' in sanga hin multiselular nga [[organismo]] nga nag-a[[aram]] han [[reproduksyon]] han [[seks]]wal ngan an pagdukwag hini [[selula]]. {{turok}} ooec4vx6hy8scq73lfkiuommm19evba 14 2882755 7789827 6236269 2026-10-18T15:50:27Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan 7789827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan]] eci0cm5oo2nj2rz97p2cs3jgo8zgsfb 7789834 7789827 2026-10-18T15:57:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan|Genesis]] il0zing2r5pjr1o02r461e89uqolr7g 0 2884104 7789915 6243089 2026-10-19T04:46:31Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bear Mtn Bridge.jpg|thumb]] An '''Salog Hudson''' in uska salog ha [[New York (estado)|estado han New York]] ha nasod han [[Estados Unidos]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog|Hudson]] r67qucp19f7gua40w45yd4iv1bowotv 0 2885391 7789820 6266907 2026-10-18T15:34:48Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Areal view of the ancient city of Benin.jpg|thumb|240px]] An '''Benin''' amo an usa ka [[syudad]] ha [[nasod]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] r7c55snu6hlsv0fc0hugytogngu0vze 0 2886105 7789787 7789783 2026-10-18T12:29:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + dugang nga mga detalye II 7789787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg|thumb]] An '''Saul''' sumala han Hebreo ha [[Bibliya]] usa ka syahan hadi nga mga ginhadian han [[Israel]] ngan [[Judah]] hiya in paghadi ika-11 nga [[gatostuig]] UC. An mga pagsumat ha Bibliya hiunong kan Saul makikita ha [[Syahan nga Basahán ni Samuel]] (1 Samuel 8–31). Sumala ha 1 Samuel 9:1–2, hi Saul—an [[anak]] nga [[lalaki]] ni Kis—nagtikang ha prominente nga [[pamilya]] ha Gibea, ha teritoryo han [[Benjamin]]. Ha iya pisikal nga hitsura—nga kilala tungod han iya pagkagwapo ngan talagsaon nga kahitaas—ginhuhulagway hiya nga arketipo nga magmarando.<ref name=":1">{{Literatur |Autor=Christian Frevel |Titel=Geschichte Israels |Auflage=2 |Verlag=Kohlhammer Verlag |Ort=Stuttgart |Datum=2018-12-19 |ISBN=9783170354203 |Seiten=129}}</ref> Ha pagbaton han hingyap han Israel hin usa nga hadi (kitaa an 1 Samuel 8), an 1 Samuel 9:1–10:16 nagsusumat kon paonan-o hi [[Samuel]], ha [[sugo]] han [[Diyos]], nagdihog kan Saul sugad nga magmarando. Ginsundan ini nga pagsaysay hin asoy han pagpili ni Saul nga hadi pinaagi hin proseso hin pagripa didto ha Mispa (1 Samuel 10:17-24). Kasunod hini, may-ada mga sumat hin mga pag-aragway upod han mga Amonitanhon ngan mga [[Pilistino|Pilisteohanon]], nga diin an [[anak]] ni Saul nga hi Jonatan may-ada liwat dako nga [[bahin]] (1 Sam 11–14 EU). An mga sumurunod ni Saul mga tawo kuno tikang ha tribo ni Benjamin. Ha nakapalibot nga mga tribo, sumala ha kadam-an nga mga interpretasyon, gutiay la an iya hin-agian nga pagkilala. Ginsiguro niya an pag-eksister han Israel pinaagi han pagpaiwas han mga Amonitanhon ha [[este]], han mga Amalekanhon ha [[sur]], ngan han mga Pilisteohanon ha [[katundan|weste]] nga ka[[patag]]an ha [[baybayon]].<ref>Annemarie Ohler: ''dtv-Atlas Bibel.'' 3., korr. Aufl. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 3-423-03326-6, S.&nbsp;66.</ref> == Pinambasaran == {{reflist}} {{turok}} p12ychkot1czt6b7m0e1hywbxuczsrj 0 2887411 7789784 6267366 2026-10-18T12:05:19Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Views_of_a_Foetus_in_the_Womb_detail.jpg|thumb]] An '''fetus''' ([[Tinagalog]]: ''Nabubuong sanggol'') amo an gugtiay ha pagtawo mga [[anak]] han [[tawo]] o [[hayop]] an binubuo han [[embryon (biyolohiya)|embryon]]. {{turok}} rtvh44wuawh7g1rq527jmr3hofpva4s 0 2887440 7789836 7785753 2026-10-18T15:59:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico 7789836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Maurycy_Gottlieb_-_Jews_Praying_in_the_Synagogue_on_Yom_Kippur.jpg|thumb]] An '''Yom Kippur''' amo an ika-siyam nga bulan han [[Kalendaryo Hebreo|kaledaryo Hudeyo]]. Ini an Hudeyonon nga bulan han adlaw han pagbayod ha sala, kun diin an mga [[Judaismo]] in nagpupugong pagkaon, paginom, ngan pakighilawas tikang pamalasibas ha pagkatunod han pagsisi. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Judaismo]] [[Kaarangay:Basahán han Levitico]] rr87nlyvr664v929elsisxrs0ftyplv 0 2887678 7789900 6268777 2026-10-18T21:55:10Z Rotondus 40097 Kaarangay 7789900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lord_Rama_with_arrows.jpg|thumb|Rama]] Hi '''Rama''' in relihiyon nga diyos han Vishnu nga ikapito nga nahigaraan ha avatar han Hinduismo. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Rama|Rama]] lney0q2fcgqomdgz0x1mfgv7pf7u8s2 0 2888257 7789815 6284129 2026-10-18T15:31:54Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Akure.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Akure (2010)]] An '''Akure''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] tav9j75liugxn4owxgdxv73pmathu4f 0 2888258 7789816 6280486 2026-10-18T15:32:27Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Babban_Gwani.jpg|thumb]] An '''Bauchi''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 0oqgl48s7venf2ao8xkz2x3305ap9wr 0 2888259 7789808 6280485 2026-10-18T15:24:49Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789808 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Ikorodu''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] bj6i5ubc1tcc1kafpnvg99s5unckj21 0 2888260 7789804 6280484 2026-10-18T15:22:36Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789804 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Lafia''' usa ka bungto han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] e25htpv9isufy38ksjs3tslpqjq87h7 0 2888261 7789809 6280587 2026-10-18T15:25:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789809 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Ondo City''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] el2jio8uuubs40zk1ap0v3gyj1pyi1i 0 2888262 7789806 6280483 2026-10-18T15:23:47Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789806 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Owerri''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] k8xulnttxpvwshpcz9hpu2ngz1mt951 0 2888263 7789807 6280482 2026-10-18T15:24:15Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789807 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Sokoto''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 2vdc16dlcgbqseljx25wlr7noqf6o2z 0 2888264 7789817 6284135 2026-10-18T15:33:00Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umuahia montage.jpg|thumb|210px|right|Umuahia ]] An '''Umuahia''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 2aox4k7mibp44rly5qxrnegilxdyru6 0 2888265 7789802 6280480 2026-10-18T15:20:29Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789802 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Uyo''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] edts2cvn5weaomntbg19p5zusjie4d6 0 2888266 7789805 6280479 2026-10-18T15:23:15Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789805 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Warri''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] 40qbpibjk8880p495egdx6r8qe4k213 0 2888267 7789803 6280478 2026-10-18T15:21:56Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria 7789803 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Yola''' usa ka [[syudad]] han [[Nigeria]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Nigeria]] gtcbv8pvgafi2gjbzdnwzucw7u0trj7 0 2896995 7789907 7756123 2026-10-19T04:39:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga salog 7789907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:ArialViewIquazuFallsTurbidRiver.JPG|thumb|250px]] An '''Salog Iguazú''' ([[Pinortuges]]: ''Rio Iguaçu'', [[Kinatsila]]: ''Río Iguazú''), nga tinatawag gihapon nga '''Rio Iguassu''', (tikang han Guaraní í Guazú, literal nga kasirgngon "Dako nga Tubig") usa nga salog ha [[Brasil]] ngan [[Argentina]]. Usa ini nga importante nga salog han [[Salog Paraná]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga salog|Iguazú]] gssth3sunq2mp0j8diobi14wuot0jmo 14 2906452 7789831 7784030 2026-10-18T15:53:07Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan 7789831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan]] eci0cm5oo2nj2rz97p2cs3jgo8zgsfb 7789835 7789831 2026-10-18T15:57:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan|Exodo]] d31qjt7spv4f61v3t5fm4xdsl5pwh9m 14 2906710 7789832 2026-10-18T15:55:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + bag-o 7789832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan|Levitico]] 222pukco43pio4t22grpclgvf8w8qm0 14 2906711 7789839 2026-10-18T16:09:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + bag-o 7789839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan|Numero]] ajftucoi80wwxplxl6jqo3li0orab47 14 2906712 7789841 2026-10-18T16:10:59Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + bag-o 7789841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Dáan nga Ginsabutan|Deuteronomio]] 4y3vrzrypzfliym2k1z7ejar2a01xde 0 2906713 7789844 2026-10-18T17:08:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Himangráw]] 7789844 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Himangráw]] 8youidizi264i3h76ilsddgos766ngd 0 2906714 7789853 2026-10-18T17:30:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Republika han Weimar]] 7789853 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Republika han Weimar]] 9sa813x611qber5wsynederr5zshw2j 0 2906715 7789867 2026-10-18T19:25:19Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + bag-o, Kaarangay:Panakayan 7789867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nabigasyun''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Navigation'') ini in usa ka pag-lakat pag nabigar ngadtu durudilain nga dapit gamit in [[sarakyan]]. Pag [[transport]]ar. [[Kaarangay:Panakayan]] 33hjzmok374fq6oxikl2ssewlh1cl3l 7789869 7789867 2026-10-18T19:27:45Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + paypay 7789869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Kaart_Lezen.jpg|thumb]] '''Nabigasyun''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Navigation'') ini in usa ka pag-lakat pag nabigar ngadtu durudilain nga dapit gamit in [[sarakyan]]. Pag [[transport]]ar. [[Kaarangay:Panakayan]] 27cxxdmkzvveg6fef1b31zc8wskhofa 0 2906716 7789877 2026-10-18T19:40:06Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Paso]] 7789877 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Paso]] dhorm2bbvh0bqizdnehij58km39irpd 0 2906717 7789878 2026-10-18T19:41:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Hagkut]] 7789878 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Hagkut]] lmry05no9e0dz1lo49qy04e659rz324