Wikipedia wowiki https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%ABt_wu_nj%C3%ABkk MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Xibaarukaay Jagleel Waxtaan Jëfandikukat Waxtaani jëfandikukat Wikipedia Wikipedia waxtaan Dencukaay Waxtaani dencukaay MediaWiki Waxtaani MediaWiki Royuwaay Waxtaani royuwaay Ndimbal Waxtaani ndimbal Wàll Waxtaani wàll TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 7253 107767 107745 2026-08-27T17:01:54Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox disease | Name = Epatit A | Image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = Der/Bët bu mboq te Epatit A waral ko | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Epatit A''' (ñu gënoon ko xamee ci turu '''epatit biy dale''') doon na [[Jàngoro juy dale]] ju tar buy jàpp [[res wi]] te li koy joxe di doomu jàngoro biñ naan Epatit A (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3 | edition = 4th | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/541 541]–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Bari na lu muy dal nit te du feeñ rawatina ci ndaw yi.<ref name=AFP2012/> Diggante bi muy dugg sa yaram ak bi muy tàmbalee feeñ, mi ngi tollu ci diggante ñaar ba juróom-benni ayi-bis.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Su la dalee mën na def ak yaw juróom ñatti ayi-bis te dina faral di ànd ak: xel muy teey, waccu, biir buy daw, [[jaundice|der bu mboq]], yaram wu tàng, ak mettitu biir.<ref name=AFP2012/> Luy tollu ci 10 ba 15% ci ñi mu dal ñooy wéy di ko gis su demee ba weesu juróom-benni weer ginaaw bi mu leen dalee.<ref name=AFP2012/> Mag ñi mën nañu ci jëlee [[Feebaru res bu tar]] waaye bariwul lu muy dale.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Cause --> Li koy faral di joxe mooy lekk ñam wala naan ndox mu am doomi jàngoro.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Meññeefu géej]] buñ toggul ba mu ñor dina ko faral di joxe.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Jege ku ko am lu ëpp, mën na la ko wàll.<ref name=AFP2012/> Xale yi mën nañu ko am te du feeñ waaye teewul mën nañu ko wàll ñeneen.<ref name=AFP2012/> Su la dalee benn yoon, dootu la dalati sa giir gi dund.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Ci sa deret la ñuy seetee doomu jàngoro ci ndax ni muy feeñee dafa nuru ak yu yeneen jàngoro yu bari.<ref name=AFP2012/> Benn xeetu [[epatit]] la ci juróom yiñ xam: A, [[epatit B|B]], [[epatit C|C]], [[epatit D|D]], ak [[epatit E|E]]. <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> [[ñaqu epatit A]] dalay aar bu baax ci feebar bi.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Yenn réew dañuy faral di baamtu ñaq bi ci xale bi ak ci ñi feebar bi gën a yab kenn masu leen a ñaq.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Loolu mën na leen aar seen giir gi dund.<ref name=AFP2012/> Yeneen matuwaayu yi la ci mën a musal ñooy [[raxas loxo]] ak togg ñam ba bu ñor xomm.<ref name=AFP2012/> Amul benn garab buñ ni mën na ko faj, li ci des, garabi [[xel muy teey]] wala [[biir buy daw]] la ñu lay digal su aajewoo.<ref name=AFP2012/> Gën gaa bari su la dalee dangay wér, sa res wi melni dara mësu ko dal.<ref name=AFP2012/> Bu yàqee res wi, dañu lay [[gereefeel res]] ngir faj ko.<ref name=AFP2012/> <!-- Epidemiology --> Ci àdduna bi, jàngoro bi dina feeñ ci 1.5 miliyo?i doomu aadama at mu nekk<ref name=AFP2012/> nga boole ci yi feeñul mu tollu ci fukki miliyo?.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Fi mu gënee bari àdduna bi mooy ci gox yi desee te ndox mi ñuy naan setul.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Ci [[réew yi néew doole]] lu tollu ci 90% ciy xale jot nañu am doomu jàngoro bi laata ñuy am 10 at, loolu mooy mucci nañu ci ba fàww laata ñuy nekk mak.<ref name=WHO2013/> Yenn saay mu jàppandoo ñu bari ci réew yi xawa am doole ndox jàngoro bi bariwul ci xale yi te itam duñu leen di faral di ñaq.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ci atum 2010, epatit A bu tar bi faat 102,000 doomu aadama.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> At mu nekk 28 fan ci weeru Sulet mooy [[Bis biñ Jagleel epatit]] ngir xamal nit ñi luy [[jàngoroy epatit]].<ref name=WHO2013/> == Royuwaay yi == <references /> [[Wàll:Paj]] odeuatcvhhfhfdb2ephf0io81ndjtmr 0 7298 107758 107750 2026-08-27T16:57:23Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Xiibon | Image = Orange ribbon.svg | Caption = Ribaŋ bu oraas — [[sagaru xam bu baas]] xiibon. | Width = 120 | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = 263.9 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000404 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 1360 | MeshID = D044342 }} <!-- Definition and Symptoms --> '''Xiibon''' wala '''xale bu xiibon''' mu ngi bawoo ci lekk loo xam ni amul wala bariwul ay [[ferñent]] wala ñu bari ci bay indi loraange ci wérgi-yaramu nit ki.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000062745|malnutrition}}</ref><ref name=FFL2010>{{cite book|first1=UNICEF|title=Facts for life|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Children's Fund|location=New York|isbn=978-92-806-4466-1|pages=61 and 75|edition=4th ed.|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|access-date=2015-09-19|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212170249/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Mbir yiñ mën a woowe ferñent ñooy: [[kalori yi]], [[proteyin]], [[karbo-idrate yi]], [[witaamin]] wala [[ndox miy suuxat sa yaram]]s.<ref name=FFL2010/> Loolu lañuy faral di woowee '''lekk gu doyul''' nga xamni ay kaloreem ak proteyinam duñu doy [[ferñent yu ndaw yi]]; waaye, dafa ànd itam ak [[ferñeent yu ëpp]].<ref name=Young2012>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=E.M.|title=Food and development|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9781135999414|pages=36–38|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=XhwKwNzJVjQC&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Essentials of International Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781449667719|page=194|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lt7TqZPZSlIC&pg=PA194}}</ref> Sudee nit ki amul lekk gu doy ci diirub [[ëmb bi]] wala laata muy am ñaari at, loolu mën na ko jural jafe-jafey xel ak ñàkk a mag.<ref name=FFL2010/> Ñàkk a lekk gu tar, ñu koy woowe [[xiif bu tar]], mën na indi jafe-jafe yu ci melni: gàttaay, sewaay, tàyyel, tànk ak [[biir]] buy newwi.<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=Young2012/> Dina am itam tawat gu leen di faral di jural [[Ipotermi|soj]].<!-- <ref name=Young2012/> --> Ni [[ñàkkug ferñent]] di faral di feeñee ngi aju ci ferñent yu ndaw yiñ ñàkk.<ref name=Young2012/> <!-- Cause --> Liy faral di indi xiibon mooy ñàkk a am lekk gu baax te doy gu jàppandi.<ref name=WHO2014/> Li mën a waral mooy dund gu seer [[dóol]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=WHO2014/> Ñàkk a nàmp [[weenu nday]] mën nako waral, mën a waral itam [[feebaru jàngoro]] yu ci melni: [[gastroenteritis]], [[pnëmoni]], [[sibbiru]] ak [[ŋas]] yiy tax sa yaram di gën a soxla ferñent.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ñaari xeeti xiibon ñoo am: [[xiibonu ñàkk proteyin-cawarte]] ak ñàkk lekk gu baax.<ref name=Jones2011/> Xiibonu ñàkk proteyin-cawarte ñaari xeet yu metti la am: [[marasm]] (ñàkkug proteyin ak kalori) ak [[kwasiorkor]] (ñàkkug proteyin kese).<ref name=Young2012/> Yenn ferñent yu ndaw yi nit ki mën a ñàkk ñooy: ñàkk [[feer bu doy]], [[ñàkkug iyod]] ak [[ñàkkug Witaamin A]].<ref name=Young2012/> Ku nekk [[jigéenu wérul]], sa yaram dafay soxla mbir yu bari, loolooy waral sa yaram di ñàkk yenn yi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konje|first1=editor, Mala Arora ; co-editor, Justin C.|title=Recurrent pregnancy loss|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788184480061|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Ci yenn [[réew yi néew doole]] lekk gu ëpp [[pataa]] mingi fi tàmbalee bari ni ki nifi xiibon gi baree.<ref>{{cite web|title=Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2015-09-19|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154958/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Yeneen mbir yi mën a waral xiibon ñooy [[baña lekk ndax ragala am yaram]] ak [[opeere ngir wàññi yaram]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prentice|first1=editor-in-chief, Benjamin Caballero ; editors, Lindsay Allen, Andrew|title=Encyclopedia of human nutrition|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080454283|page=68|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHtERWm0mrcC&pg=RA1-PA68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Stoelting's anesthesia and co-existing disease|date=2012|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781455738120|page=324|edition=6th ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yxTtmJYPUV0C&pg=PA324}}</ref> Sudee ci [[mag ñi]] yi mën a waral seen xiibon ñooy ni seen yaram bindoo, xel mu ñàkk a dal ak jafe-jafey àdduna.<ref>{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic,|title=Principles and practice of geriatric surgery|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9781441969996|page=78|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=VcgmpMZE6a8C&pg=PA87}}</ref> <!-- Treatment --> Jéego yi ñuy def ngir yokk [[ferñent yi]] bokk nañu ci mbir yi gën a am solo ci [[ndimbalum yokkute]].<ref name=UK2012/> Nàmpalee ween mën na musal xale yi ci xiibon ak gaaw a faatu,<ref name=FFL2010/> te jéego yiñ def ci wàll woowu wane nañu seen njariñ.<ref name=Bh2013/> Di jox xale bi muy lekk ak di nàmpaale ba mu am ñaari at, dina tax sa xaalis du jeex ci njëndum garab.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ñépp itam gis nañu njariñ li ci jox [[ferñenti mottali]] di ay xeeti witamin yu ñuy jox jigéeni wérul yi ak xale yu ndaw yi ci réew yu néew doole yi.<ref name=Bh2013/> Niñu gën a mën a dimbalee nit ñi soxla luñu dundee dëgg, mooy nga jox leen lu ñuy lekk waaye itam joxaale leen xaalis ngir ñu mën koo jëndee ca seenub marse.<ref name=UK2012/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Food Programme, Cash and Vouchers for Food|url=http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp246176.pdf|website=WFP.org|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref> Di jox xale liñuy lekk ci daara ja rekk du doy.<ref name=UK2012/> Toppatoo xale bu xiibon bi ci kër ga mu dëkk [[therapeutic food#Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food|ready-to-use therapeutic foods]] lu mën a nekk la.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ñi nga xam ni xiibon gi daleen sonal loolu ba indil leen yeneen jafe-jafe ci seen wérgi-yaram, dañu leen wara yóbbu lopitaal ñu faj leen.<ref name=Bh2013/> Yi ñu ciy gën a faral di faj mooy [[ipoglisemi|yaram wu ñàkk suukër]], [[ipotermi|tàngooru yaram]], [[yaram wu ñàkk ndox]], ak diko jox mu lekk ni mu waree.<ref name=Bh2013/><ref name=WHO2003>{{cite book|first1=World Health Organization. Authors: Ann Ashworth|title=Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesforinp0000unse|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9241546093}}</ref> Di faral di ko jox ay [[antibiotik]] lu baax la ci musal ko ci yenn doomu jàngoro yi.<ref name=WHO2003/> Ndimbal li gën am solo tey yàgg: mooy gën a dooleel mbay mi,<ref name=solcultivateplanet>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockström, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks |title=Solutions for a cultivated planet |journal=Nature |volume=478 |issue=7369 |pages=337–342 |date=October 2011|pmid=21993620|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html |doi=10.1038/nature10452}}</ref> xeex ndóol, defar [[wanag]] yu baax, ak [[jàppale jigéen ñi ci liggéey]].<ref name=UK2012/> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Ci atum 2010 xayma woon nañu lu tollu ci 925 miliyoŋi doomi aadama yu xiibon, muy of 80 miliyoŋ yu yokk ci limu 1990.<ref name=FAO2010>{{cite web|title=Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high International hunger targets difficult to reach|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf|website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Fao2008>{{cite book|last1=Food|last2=(FAO)|first2=Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=The state of food insecurity in the world, 2008 : high food prices and food security : threats and opportunities|date=2008|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|location=Rome|isbn=978-92-5-106049-0|page=2|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm|quote=FAO’s most recent estimates put the number of hungry [actually, malnourished] people at 923 million in 2007, an increase of more than 80 million since the 1990–92 base period.}}</ref> Ak ñeneen ñu tollu ci benn miliyaar ñuñ xayma ni amuñu witamin ak lu suuxat seen yaram.<ref name=UK2012>{{cite web|title=An update of ‘The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action’|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67319/undernutrition-finalevidence-oct12.pdf|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=Oct 2012}}</ref> Ci atum 2010 [[ñàkkug proteyin, cawarte]] jur na lu tollu ci 600,000 bakkan yu faatu, doon lim bu wàññiku buñu seetee ci 883,000 bakkan yi faatu ci 1990.<ref name=Loz2012/> Yeneen ñàkkug ferñent yu ci melni [[ñàkkug iod]] ak [[ñàkkug feer]], jur na lu tollu ci 84,000 bakkan yu faatu.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. |title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095}}</ref> Ci 2010 xayma nañu ni xiibon moo waral 1.4% ci mbooleem [[ati ñàkk a mënal sa bopp yi nit di dund]].<ref name=UK2012/><ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2197|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> Jàpp nañu benn xale ci ñatt yu faatu yu nekk, xiibon a ko ray; waaye, nit ñi duñu faral di nangu ni looloo ko waral.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health|url=http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> Ci 2010 jàpp nañu ni bokk na ci li faat lu tolloo ak 1.5 miliyoŋ ciy jiggéey ak xale<ref name=Lim2012>{{cite journal |author=Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. |title=A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2224–60 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245609 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2224}}</ref> teewul ba tay am na ñu jàpp ni lim bi ëpp na 3 miliyoŋ.<ref name="Bh2013"/> Ak yeneen 165 miliyoŋi xale yu [[mënatul màgg]] ndax feebar boobu.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_august-3-9-2013_382_9890/page/452|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> Xiibon gaa ngi gën a baree ci [[réew yu néew doole yi]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Liz Young|title=World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development|date=2002|isbn=9781134774944|page=20|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=w4CGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> ==Royuwaay yi== <references /> [[Wàll:Paj]] jun0mrajr1gh13s6qcgmwuzghrdgyjh 0 7299 107763 106502 2026-08-27T17:00:24Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox symptom | Name = Biir bu daw | Image = Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg | Caption = Ab mikrograf elektronigu [[rotavirus]], li waral lu tollu ci 40% ci xale yi amagul juróomi at yi biir bu daw di tëral ci lopitaal.<ref name=WHO2010a/> | DiseasesDB = 3742 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|09||a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|59|1|k|55}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|787.91}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 003126 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 583 | MeshID = D003967 }} <!-- Definition and Characteristics --> '''Biir bu daw''' wala '''Jaare''' mooy ngay dem wanag gën gaa néew ñatti yoon ci bis te li ngay génne [[ginaaw kër yi]] dafay ndoxe.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Yenn saa mu jàpp la ay fan, te loolu mën na tax sa yaram [[ñàkk ndox]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Su yaramu nit ñàkkee ndox deram dootul nooy te it mën a soppiku.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Mën nga dem ba dootoo [[saw]] lu bari, sab [[der furi]], sa [[xol di tëf-tëfi]], te sam [[xel mu doxul ni mu waree wala jëf yu yeex, |xel dootul dox ni mu waree wala say jëf yeex]], su demee ba gën a tar.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Ginaaw kër yu tooy te bañ a ndoxe mën dal liir yiy [[nàmp]], waaye, loolu du dara.<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and Diagnosis --> Li koy gën a faral di joxe mooy jàngoro yiy jàpp [[butit]] yi te di bawoo ci ab [[wiris]], [[bakteri]], [[parasit]], wala feebar bu ñuy woowe [[gastroenteritis]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Yooyu jàngoroo ngi faral di bawoo ci ndox wala ñam wu am doomu jàngoro ji, wala ku am jàngoro ji wàll la ko.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Mën nañu ni ñàtti xeeti biir bu daw ñoo am: biir bu daw bu yàggul, biir bu daw bu ànd deret bu yàggul, ak biy weesoo ñaari ayi-bis, muy biir bu daw bu yàgg.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Biir bu daw bu yàggul te ndoxe mën na nekk [[kolera]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Su àndee ak deret, ñu gën ko xame ci [[disànteri]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Amna yeneen mbir yu wuute ak jàngoro yu mën a joxe biir bu daw, muy lu ci melni: [[Ipertiroyidism]], [[biir buy bañ soow]], [[feebaru biir buy metti]], yenn xeeti garab yi, ak [[sendoromu biir buy metti]] ak yeneen mbir.<ref name=CEM2013>{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=edited by Basem Abdelmalak, D. John|title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=1107018676|pages=282–287}}</ref> Yi gën bari ci ñoom soxlawu ñu ñuy amal [[njàngat mu xóot]] ngir xam li leen waral.<ref name=NEJM2014/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> Liy musalaate ci biir bu daw mooy [[cet]], di naan [[ndoxu naan|ndox mu sell]], ak [[raxas loxo]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Nàmpal]] liir ba juróom benni weer gën gaa néew lañu digle ak [[ñaqu rotawiris|ñaq biy aare ci rotawiris]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Naan ndox mu koy faj|Pajtalu naan ndox muy faj]] (ORS), manaam ndox mu sell muñ boole ak tuuti xorom ak [[suukër]], kumu neex nga fajoo ko.<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> kumu neex itam nga jëfandikoo [[Zinc#Dietary supplement|doomi Zinc]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Xayma nañu ni garab yooyu muccal nañu 50 miliyoŋi xale ci 25 at yii weesu.<ref name=WHO2010a>{{cite web |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |title=whqlibdoc.who.int |format=PDF |work=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=2015-09-19 |archive-date=2010-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108051648/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Taamu nañu ci ku am biir buy daw mu wéy di lekk ñam wu sell, sudee liir ñu wéy di ko nàmpal.<ref name=WHO2013/> Soo amul foo jëndee ORS (ndox muñ jaxase ak xorom ak suukër), mën nga koo defaral sa bopp.<ref name=Prober2012>{{cite book|last1=Prober|first1=edited by Sarah Long, Larry Pickering, Charles G.|title=Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781455739851|page=96|edition=4th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TN2Gu2Af1BIC&pg=PA96}}</ref> Sudee nit ki daa ñàkk ndox mu bari, war nañu ko mën a [[sampal buteel]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Lu ci gën bari; naan ndox mu bari mën na ko saafara.<ref>{{cite web|author1=ACEP|title=Nation’s Emergency Physicians Announce List of Test and Procedures to Question as Part of Choosing Wisely Campaign|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/nations-emergency-physicians-announce-list-of-test-and-procedures-to-question-as-part-of-choosing-wisely-campaign/|website=Choosing Wisely|accessdate=18 June 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517042652/http://www.choosingwisely.org/nations-emergency-physicians-announce-list-of-test-and-procedures-to-question-as-part-of-choosing-wisely-campaign/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Antibiotik]], suñu ko jëfandikoowul lu bari, dina ciy faral di baax ci ñi am biir buy daw ànd ak deret ak yaram wu tàng lool, ak ñiy am [[biir buy daw bu ñu tukkee]], ak ñi am yenn jàngoro yi ci seen biir.<ref name=NEJM2014/> [[Loperamide]] mën na wàññi jaabante bi ci wanag wi waaye kenn digalu ko ñi seen biir bu daw tar lool.<ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal|last1=DuPont|first1=HL|title=Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-04-17_370_16/page/1532|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=Apr 17, 2014|volume=370|issue=16|pages=1532–40|pmid=24738670|doi=10.1056/nejmra1301069}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and Prognosis --> At mu nekk dina am lu tollu ci 1.7 ba 5 miliyaar ciy biir yuy daw.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CEM2013/> Fi mu gënee bari mooy ci [[réew yu néew doole yi]], nga xam ni xale bu nekk biiram dina daw ci xayma ñatti yoon ci at mi.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ci àdduna bi yépp, ci atum 2012, mooy ñaareelu jàngoro juy [[faat xale yi]] yi amagul juróomi at (0.76 miliyoŋ wala 11%).<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CDC2013/> Biir bu daw bu bari mooy faral di indi [[xiibon]] te itam mooy li ko gën a faral di joxe ci xale yi amagul juróomi at.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=April 2013}}</ref> Su yàggee mën na jur jafe-jafe yu ci melni ñàkk kàrtan wala xel mu neex.<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Global Diarrhea Burden|url=http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/diarrhea-burden.html|website=CDC|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> ==Royuwaay yi== <references /> hdmzjeeij42c8ejcbg3nmp6wulrn770 0 7300 107762 107746 2026-08-27T17:00:03Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Sibbiru | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Malaria.jpg | Caption = Ab ''Plasmodium'' bu bawoo ci tiflitu yoo bu jigéen di dox ci biir selilu yoo bi. | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Malaria | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Sibiru''' ab [[Feebar bu bawoo ci yoo|feebar bu yoo di joxe]] di dal nit ak yenn rab yi te li koy joxe di parasit [[protozoans|protozoan]] (benn xeetu selil [[microorganism]]) bu xeetu ''[[Plasmodium]]''.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ni sibbiru di faral di feeñee mooy [[yaram wu tàng]], [[jagadi|coono]], [[waccu]] ak [[metitu bopp]].<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Su demee ba tar mën na jur [[soonis|der bu mboq]], [[say]], [[komaa]] wala [[faatu]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Feebar baa ngi tàmbalee feeñ fukki fan ak juróom ginaaw bu la yoo bi màttee.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ñi mu dal te faju ñu ko bu baax, mën na leen dalaat ginaaw ay weer ci kanam.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ñi mu dal bu yàggul ba ñu mucci, su leen dalaatee du metti noonu.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> [[kaaraange|muslaay]] boobu nit ki am dafay jeex su amee ay weer wala at sudee newul fu mu mën a amee sibbiru.<ref name=EBMED2014/> <!--Cause and diagnosis--> Gis nañu ni, màtt-màttu yoo bu jigéen bi tuddu ''[[Anopheles|Anophele]]'' mooy joxe feebar bi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Sula màttee dafay dugal parasit yi nekk ci tiflitam ci sa [[biir yaram|deret]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ginaaw loolu mu jàll ci res wi ndax foofu lay màggee ak juree.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Juróomi xeeti ''Plasmodium'' a mën a dal nit te ñooy la nit mën a wàlle.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Ñu bari ñu sibbiru di faat ''[[Plasmodium falciparum|P. falciparum]]'' ak ''[[Plasmodium vivax|P. vivax]]'', ''[[Plasmodium ovale|P. ovale]]''ñoo leen faat, ak ''[[Plasmodium malariae|P. malariae]]'' biy joxe sibbiru bu tarul lool.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Xeet yi tudd ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi|P. knowlesi]]'' bariwul lu ñuy daaneel nit.<ref name=WHO2014/> Bu ñuy seet ndax danga sibbiru jël ci sa [[laamu deret]] xool ko ci mikroskop, wala ñu jëfandikoo test bi tuddu [[antigen]]-based [[test biy feeñal àntisenu sibbiru|test bu gaaw la]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Defar nañu jumtukaay buy jëfandikoo [[polymerase chain reaction]] ngir gis [[ADN]] bu doomu jàngoro ji, waaye loolu bariwul ci barab yi sibbiru [[Tasaaroo (epidemiology)|bari]] ndax dafa seer te jafe.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243 |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> <!--Prevention and treatment--> Sibbiru bu mën na wàññiku bu baax sudee nit ñaa ngi jëfandikoo [[sàñce (mustikeer)]] wala [[diw bu dàq yoo]] ngir moytu màtt-mattu yoo yi, wala def lu leen di dàq wala ray, lu ci melni [[pompu yoo]] ak dindi dox yi taa.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Bari na garab yu ci melni [[malaria prophylaxis|prevent malaria]] yiñ jagleel ñiy tukki ci barab yu sibbiru bi tasaaroo.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Yenn saa mën nañu bindal xale [[sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine]] [[xale]] ak jiggéenu wérul ci [[ñatti weer]] yi njëkk cib [[ëmb]] bi ci barab yi sibbiru bari lool.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Fiñu tollu amagul [[ñakk]] bu ci mën a aar ni naam soxla nañu ko, teewul nit ñaa ngi ciy gëstu bu baax ngir am ko.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ñaari xeeti garab yi ñu digle ngir faj feebar bi ñooy garab yiy xeex sibbiru bi amaale ab [[artemisinin]].<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Ñaareelu garab gi mën na doon [[mefloquine]], [[lumefantrine]], wala sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesfortre0000unse|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Mën nañu itam jël [[Quinine]] boole ko ak [[doxycycline]] sudee artemisinin amul.<ref name=WHO2010/> Mooy lañuy digle ci barab yi feebar bi bari, dañu wara xam bu baax ndax nit ki dafa sibbiru laata muy jël garab yi ndax dañuy bañ jàngoro ji [[dërkiis ci garab gi]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Jangoro dem na ba dërkiis ci yenn xeetu garab yu daan faj sibbiru; lu ci melni, dërkiis ci-[[chloroquine]] ''P. falciparum'' barina ci barab yi sibbiru bi bari, te itam dërkiisam ci artemisinin doon na jafe-jafe bu mag ci réew Asi Gànjoolu-penku.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!--Epidemiology--> Fi feebar bi gënee bari mooy ci [[Tropics|réew yu tàng yi]] ak [[xawa tàng]] te ñooy yi séq rëdd wiy xaajale suuf si di [[ekuwaatër]].<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Bokk na ci ñoom Afrigu Suufu-Sahara, [[Asia|Asi]], ak Amerik Latin.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Mbootaayu Wérgi-yaramu Àdduna bi]] maanaam OMS xayma na ci atum 2012, ni amoon na 207 miliyoŋi ñu amoon sibbiru.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ci at moomu, feebar bi fatna lu tollu ci diggante 473,000 ak 789,000 doomu aadama, li ëpp ci ñoom doon ay gunéy Afrik.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Fuñu tuddee sibbiru xel yi dem ci ndóol te loolu doonul lu baax ci [[koom-koom guy suqaliku]].<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_2005-10_10_10/page/1047 |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> Xayma nañu ni at mu nekk sibbiru dina ñàkkloo Afrik lu tollu ci $12 miliyaar ciy dolaar ndax pajum feebar bi, ñàkk a mën a liggéey ak li muy yàq turism bi.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-23-29-2005_365_9469/page/1487 |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> ==Royuwaay yi== <references /> [[Wàll:Paj]] skxsclxbi48deqe8egp1u40pmze4gv5 0 7323 107766 106501 2026-08-27T17:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dencukaay:Defecating into a pit (schematic) Wolof.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Defar wanag wu yomb bu am barigo ak mbañ gàcce.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=WEDC|title=Latrine slabs: an engineer’s guide, WEDC Guide 005|publisher=Water, Engineering and Development Centre The John Pickford Building School of Civil and Building Engineering Loughborough University|isbn=978 1 84380 143 6|pages=22|url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/booklets/G005-Latrine-slabs-on-line.pdf}}</ref>]]<!-- Definition and benefits -->[[google:#!www.source.ondroid.com/security/bulletinhl=es_bittxt.&client=ms-android-americamovil-mx&gbv=1&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPs8H60KD-AhUXnWoFHXL4CgAQ_AUIBygC|Ab]] '''duus''' wala '''wanag''' mooy xeetu [[wanag]] wi nit ñi di bàyyi seeni [[ginaaw kër]] ci pax muñ gas ci suuf. Duus yooyu duñu soxla sotti [[Duus#www.source.android.com/security/bullet|www.source.android.com/security/bullet]] ndox ngir jàllale neefere yi.<ref name="Till2014">{{cite book|author=Tilley, E., Ulrich, L., Lüthi, C., Reymond, Ph. and Zurbrügg, C.|title=Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies|date=2014|publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)|location=Dübendorf, Switzerland|isbn=9783906484570|edition=2|url=http://www.sandec.ch/compendium}}</ref> Sudee niñu ko tabaxee baax na, ñu koy toppatoo bu baax, mën na tax ba yenn feebar yiy bawoo ci neeferey nit [[nefere yi ci mbedd mi]] wàññiku bu baax.<ref name=WHO3.4/><ref name=UN2015>{{cite web|title=Call to action on sanitation|url=http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf|website=United Nations|accessdate=15 August 2014|format=pdf|archive-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513064157/http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dina wàññi li weñ yi di jëlee ciy doomu-jàngoro yiy bawoo ci neefere di leen yóbbu ci lekk yi.<ref name=WHO3.4/> Yooyu doomu-jàngoro ñooy gën a faral di indi [[feebaru biir bu daw]] ak [[elmintiasis|feebaru saan]].<ref name=UN2015/> Feebaru biir bu daw faat na lu tollu ci 0.7 miliyoŋ ciy xale yu amagul juróomi at ci atum 2011 ak 250 miliyoŋ ciy fan yuñ jàngul.<ref name=UN2015/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=CL|last2=Rudan|first2=I|last3=Liu|first3=L|last4=Nair|first4=H|last5=Theodoratou|first5=E|last6=Bhutta|first6=ZA|last7=O'Brien|first7=KL|last8=Campbell|first8=H|last9=Black|first9=RE|title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-20-26-2013_381_9875/page/1405|journal=Lancet|date=Apr 20, 2013|volume=381|issue=9875|pages=1405–16|pmid=23582727|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60222-6}}</ref> Xeetu duus yooyu ñoo gën a yomb ngir tàxale nit ñi ak seeni ginaaw kër.<ref name=WHO3.4/> <!-- Construction and emptying--> Booy tabax xeetu duus boobu war nga def ñatti mbir: gas am pax, wut kubéer gooy teg ci kawam te wutal ko bën-bën bu xawa yaatu, ak mbañ gàcce.<ref name="Till2014" /> Pax mi war na am gën gaa néew 3&nbsp;meetar (10&nbsp;feet) ci xóotaay ak 1 m (3.2 feet) ci jameetar.<ref name="Till2014" /> [[OMS (Mbootaay Wérgi-yaram ci Àdduna bi]] xelal na nit ñi, ñu tabax duus fu soriwul lool waye itam fu jegewul lool bay sonal nit ñi ak xet gu bon.<ref name=WHO3.4/> [[ndox mi ci biir suuf]] ak [[ndox mi ci kaw suuf]] luñu gën sorante gën a baax suku defee benn du laal moroom ma. Bën-bën bi ci kubéer gi itam warul am lu ëpp 25 sàntimeetar (9.8 inches)ci jameetar ngir moytu xale yi di ci daanu.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Waru ñu ko bàyyi muy leer ndax loolu mën na indi weñ yi.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Soo ko bëggee def dangay wut kubéer guy tëj pax mi su kenn nekkul ci duus bi.<ref name=WHO3.4>{{cite web|title=Simple pit latrine (fact sheet 3.4)|url=http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html|website=who.int|date=1996|accessdate=15 August 2014|archive-date=19 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219220918/http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sudee duus bi demee ba tollu ci 0.5 meetar (1.6 feet) ngir mu fees, dañu ko wara ŋàcci wala ñu taxab duus bu bees, daaldi ciy toxal mbañ gàcce gi wala tabax bu bees.<ref name="VIP2003">{{cite book|author1=François Brikké|title=Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9241562153|page=108|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562153.pdf|access-date=2015-10-15|archive-date=2005-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105100412/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562153.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ŋacci [[neefere ci foos|neefere yi ci foos]] lu jafe la. Mën na indi ay jafe-jafe ci seeni dëkkuwaay ak ci seen wérgi-yaram. <!-- Improvements --> Ginaaw buñ tabaxee duus bi, mën nañu ci yokk yeneen mbir ngir gën ko baaxal. Mën nañu yokk ab tiyo ci kaw dal bi.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Dina tax ngelaw li mën a jàll boole ci di wàññi xet gu bon gi.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Dina tax itam weñ yi wàññiku suñu muurée boppu tiyo bi ak sagar bu yaraax (ñu bari di faral di jëfandikoo [[mustikeer]]).<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Xeetu duus yooyu dañu wara am kubéer gu koy tëj ci suuf.<ref name=VIP2003/> Ngir mu gën a dëgër itam mën nañu tabax dal bi ba ndox mi yépp di dug ci pax mi ba noppi wërale dal bi ak ay birik ak simaa ndax mu gën a taxaw.<ref name="Till2014" /><ref name=VIP2003/> <!-- Usage, Society and Culture --> Ci atum 2013 xayma nañu lu tollu ci 1.77 miliyaar ciy nit ñuy jëfandikoo yooyu xeetu duus.<ref name=Graham2013>{{cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=JP|last2=Polizzotto|first2=ML|title=Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality: a systematic review.|journal=Environmental health perspectives|date=May 2013|volume=121|issue=5|pages=521–30|pmid=23518813|doi=10.1289/ehp.1206028}}</ref> Lim baa ngi ëppee ci [[réew yu néew doole yi]] ak ñi dëkk ci [[kaw ga]] ak ci [[àll bi]]. Ci atum 2011 lu tollu 2.5 miliyaar ciy doomu aadama amu ñu duus bu baax ak benn miliyaar ciy doomu aadama yu dem wanag ci seen wetu kër.<ref name="UN2014Report" /> [[Asia gu Gànjool]] ak [[Afriku suufi Sahara]] ñoo gën a bonle ay duus ci àdduna bi.<ref name=UN2014Report>{{cite book|title=Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2014 update.|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241507240|pages=16–20|url=http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf|format=pdf|access-date=2015-10-15|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171208/http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Defarug duus ci réew yu néew doole yi dafay laaj luy tollu ci diggante 25 ak 60 USD.<ref name="Wiley-Blackwell">{{cite book|last1=Selendy|first1=Janine M. H.|title=Water and sanitation-related diseases and the environment challenges, interventions, and preventive measures|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118148600|page=25|edition=|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=nZlS4ZfUOZUC&pg=PA25}}</ref> Njëgu toppatoo gi ci at mu nekk, tollu na ci diggante 1.5 ak 4 USD nit ku nekk waaye duñu ci bàyyi xel.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa Where Do We Stand?|date=2013|publisher=Intl Water Assn|isbn=9781780405414|page=161|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=_CkDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161}}</ref> Ci yen dëkku kaw yi ci réewum [[End]] am na kàmpaañ bu tudd "No Toilet, No Bride" (Ku amul duus, du am jabar) buñ fa amal ngir duus yi gën a bari, seenum pexe mooy ñaax jigéen ñi ñu bañ a sëy ak góor gu mënul am duus ci këram.<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book|title=Global Problems, Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefits|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107435247|page=623|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=g9tRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA623}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/haryanas-scarce-women-tell-potential-suitors-no-loo-no-i-do-guest-post-by-yaniv-stopnitzky|title = Haryana's scarce women tell potential suitors: "No loo, no I do"|date = 12 December 2011|accessdate = 17 November 2014|website = Development Impact|publisher = Blog of World Bank|last = Stopnitzky|first = Yaniv}}</ref>https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%C3%B1%C3%B1eer-mbej ==Royuwaay yi== <references /> scfevif0bjcfounrkoiw9iopcz6p70z 0 7812 107764 105427 2026-08-27T17:00:51Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful|noerror}} <!--Definition and symptoms --> '''Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful''' '''MDD''', ñu xame ko itam ni '''déteelu''', mooy benn [[feebaru xel]]bu ñuy xame ci ñaari ayubés ci [[déteelu (dikkale)|(dikkale]] bu feeñ ci yu bari.<ref name=NIH2016/> Dafay faraldi di ànd ak tuuti [[ci wóólu sa bopp]], [[ñakka am yëg yëg]] ci yoon ci ay yëngu yëngu yu wara neex, njaxlafaay gu wacc, ak [[mettit]] bu amul lu ko waral.<ref name=NIH2016/> Nit ñi mëna nañu am yenn saay [[ay yaakaar yu du noonu|ay gëm gëm yu amul]] walla [[gis ay mbir yu fi nekkul|gis walla dégg ay mbir yu nit ñi dul gis walla dégg]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Ñenn ñi am nañu [[Ay diiru naqar gu metti te dara safu ko|ay diiru déteelu]] te ci seen diggante dañuy mel ñépp ay at, te ñeneen ñi ci boobu diir dañuy génne feebar bi.<ref name=DSM5/> Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful mën na japp nit ki japp bu ñaaw ci dundam, walla ci njàngam, walla ci nelawam, walla ci ni muy lekke, ak ci wér gu yaram.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/> Ci diggante 2-8% ci magg ñi ame feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful dañuy dee ak [[xaru]], <ref name=Rich2014>{{cite book|last1=Richards|first1=C. Steven|last2=O'Hara|first2=Michael W. |name-list-format=vanc |title=The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199797042|page=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jpsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Strakowski|first1=Stephen |last2=Nelson |first2=Erik |title=Major Depressive Disorder |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190264321 |page=PT27 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=nD8FCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref> te lu tollook 50% ci nit ñiy dee ak xaru amoon nañu déteelu walla beneen feebar [[feebaru dikkale|dikkale]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachmann |first1=S |title=Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=6 July 2018 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=1425 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15071425 |pmid=29986446|pmc=6068947 |quote=Half of all completed suicides are related to depressive and other mood disorders}}</ref> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Gëm nañu ne li koy indi mooy ab mbooloowu [[ndono yi ci dereet|ndono ci dereet]], ci li ñu wër, ak ci wallu xel.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Depression|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml|website=NIMH|accessdate=31 July 2016|date=May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805065529/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml|archivedate=5 August 2016}}</ref> Risk yi ñooy ci wallu [[cosaani waa kër gi (paj mi)|cosaanu waa kër gi]] ci li koy joxe, coppite ci dundum nit ki, yenn garab yi, [[jafe jafe yu metti ci wér gu yaram|jafe jafe yu metti ci wér gu yaram]], ak [[feebaru dorogewu]] .<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="DSM5" /> Lu tollook 40% ci risk yi ñungi joge ci ndono yi ci dereet.<ref name="DSM5" /> Saytu yi ci feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful mungi wekku ci jaar jaar yi nit ki di nettali ak benn [[saytu ci fi xelam tollu]].<ref name=Pat2015>{{cite book|last1=Patton|first1=Lauren L.|name-list-format=vanc |title=The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118929285|page=339|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTJiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|language=en}}</ref> Amul benn saytu ci laboratoire ngir feebaru déteelu yu gêna bari yi.<ref name=DSM5/> Di ko saytu, waaaye, mën nañu ko def ngir dindi fi yenn jafe jafe yi ci yaram bi yu mëna indi ay yeneen mandarga yu mel noonu.<ref name=Pat2015/> Feebaru déteelu moo gëna metti te mooy gëna yagg [[naqar]], lu bokk ci dund nit ki la .<ref name=DSM5/> Lii di United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) laaj na ñu saytu déteelu ci ñi am lu ëpp fukki at ak ñaari, <ref name=US2016>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Baumann LC, Davidson KW, Ebell M, García FA, Gillman M, Herzstein J, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Owens DK, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP |title=Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2016-01-26_315_4/page/380 |journal=JAMA |volume=315 |issue=4 |pages=380–7 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26813211 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.18392 }}</ref><ref name=US2016Peds>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL |title=Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=164 |issue=5 |pages=360–6 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26858097 |doi=10.7326/M15-2957 }}</ref> ci waxtu woowu ci [[xibaaru Cochrane]]gis nañu ne di faraldi di laajte du jappale génne walla faj feebar bi.<ref name=Gil2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gilbody S, House AO, Sheldon TA |title=Screening and case finding instruments for depression |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=4 |pages=CD002792 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16235301 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002792.pub2 }}</ref> <!--Treatment and course --> Ci yoon, nit ñi ñungi leen di faj ak [[pajum xelu nit ki|joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem]] ak [[garab yiy xeex déteelu]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Garab yi wone na ne am njëriñ, waaye njëriñ li mën na baax ci ñi gëna mettile feebar.<ref name="Fou2010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Amsterdam JD, Shelton RC, Fawcett J |title=Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=303 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2010 |pmid=20051569 |pmc=3712503 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1943 }}</ref><ref name="Kir2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT |title=Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration |journal=PLoS Medicine |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e45 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18303940 |pmc=2253608 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045 }}</ref> Leerul ndax garab yi dañuy def antum risk xaru.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Braun C, Bschor T, Franklin J, Baethge C |title=Suicides and Suicide Attempts during Long-Term Treatment with Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis of 29 Placebo-Controlled Studies Including 6,934 Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=171–9 |date=2016 |pmid=27043848 |doi=10.1159/000442293 }}</ref> Yenn xeeti joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem bokk na ci [[pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat]](CBT) ak [[pajum nekkin ak ñeneen ñi bu àndak xalaat]].<ref name=NIH2016/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Driessen E, Hollon SD |title=Cognitive behavioral therapy for mood disorders: efficacy, moderators and mediators |journal=The Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=537–55 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20599132 |pmc=2933381 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.005 }}</ref> Su fekkee yeneen xayma yi amuñu njëriñ, [[pajum electrochoc]] (ECT) mën nañu ko jëfandikoo.<ref name=NIH2016/> Tëye nit ki ci opitaal dina baax su fekkee nit ki am na risk gaañ boppam te mën na léég léég ñakka ànd ak li nit ki bëgg.<ref>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Compendium 2006|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=9780890423851|page=780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zql0AqtRSrYC&pg=PA780|language=en|year=2006}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology, history, and society --> Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful daloon na lu tollook 216 miliyoŋ ci ay nit (3% ci addina bi yépp) ci atum 2015.<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> Limug nit ñi ame feebar bi ci seen dund mungi tollu ci 7% ci Japon ba 21% ci France.<ref name="Kes2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kessler RC, Bromet EJ |title=The epidemiology of depression across cultures |journal=Annual Review of Public Health |volume=34 |pages=119–38 |date=2013 |pmid=23514317 |pmc=4100461 |doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 }}</ref> Lim gi ci giir dund mungi gëna kawe ci [[rééwi ame koom koom gu baax]] (15%) méngale ko ak [[rééw yi seen koom koom di jog]] (11%).<ref name=Kes2013/> Indi na ñaareel bu gëna kawe [[ci ay at yu ñu dund ak feebaru ñakka mën]], ginnaaw [[ndigg guy metti]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9995 |pages=743–800 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26063472 |pmc=4561509 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4 }}</ref> Diir gu ñu gëna raññe ni feebar bi génn na mooy ci ati ñaar fukki yi at fanweer yi.<ref name=DSM5/><ref name=Kes2013/> Jigéén ñi dañuy faraldi gëna nañu ame feebar bi ñaari yoon góór ñi.<ref name=DSM5>{{citation|author=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|location=Arlington|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|pages=160–168|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5|accessdate=22 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731072609/https://psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5|archivedate=31 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Kes2013/> Lii di [[American Psychiatric Association di mbooloo mi nekk Amerik dajale fajkati feebaru xel yi]] yoq ci ne "feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful" ci ''[[Téére Saytu bi ak Xayma bi ngir ñi ame Feebaru Xel]]'' (DSM-II) ci atum 1980<ref name=Her2008/> Ab dog dog la woon [[feebaru déteelu bu ànd ak dikkale bu wacc]]ci DSM-II, te mënin yi bokkoon ci ñu xame ko léégi ni [[déteelu bu ndaw]] ak [[ay feebaru nekkin yu dajaloo ak dikkale yu bon]]. <ref name=Her2008>{{cite book|last1=Hersen|first1=Michel|last2=Rosqvist|first2=Johan |name-list-format=vanc |title=Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment, Volume 1: Adults|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470173565|page=32|date=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOBdVdjGf4oC&pg=PA32|language=en}}</ref> Ñi amewoon feebar bi ak ñi ko ame léégi mën nañu nekk ay [[légët ci dëkk bi|légëtloo]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Strakowski|first1=Stephen M.|last2=Nelson|first2=Erik | name-list-format=vanc |title=Major Depressive Disorder|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190206185|page=Chapter 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dz8FCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT9|language=en|chapter=Introduction|year=2015}}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] 9jfeklfavkpypk6y3gp5a9y60tj6ho7 0 7814 107765 105432 2026-08-27T17:01:16Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107765 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--Definition and symptoms --> '''Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful''' '''MDD''', ñu xame ko itam ni '''déteelu''', mooy benn [[feebaru xel]]bu ñuy xame ci ñaari ayubés ci [[déteelu (dikkale)|(dikkale bu wacc]] bu feeñ ci yu bari.<ref name=NIH2016/> Dafay faraldi di ànd ak tuuti [[ci wóólu sa bopp]], [[ku mënula yëg benn banneex ci yëngu yëngu yu neex.|ñakka am yëg yëg]] ci yoon ci ay yëngu yëngu yu wara neex, njaxlafaay gu wacc, ak [[mettit]] bu amul lu ko waral.<ref name=NIH2016/> Nit ñi mëna nañu am yenn saay [[ay yaakaar yu du noonu|ay gëm gëm yu amul]] walla [[gis ay mbir yu fi nekkul|gis walla dégg ay mbir yu nit ñi dul gis walla dégg]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Ñenn ñi am nañu [[Ay diiru naqar gu metti te dara safu ko|ay diiru déteelu]] te ci seen diggante dañuy mel ñépp ay at, te ñeneen ñi ci boobu diir dañuy génne feebar bi.<ref name=DSM5/> Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful mën na japp nit ki japp bu ñaaw ci dundam, walla ci njàngam, walla ci nelawam, walla ci ni muy lekke, ak ci wér gu yaram.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/> Ci diggante 2-8% ci magg ñi ame feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful dañuy dee ak [[xaru]], <ref name=Rich2014>{{cite book|last1=Richards|first1=C. Steven|last2=O'Hara|first2=Michael W. |name-list-format=vanc |title=The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199797042|page=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jpsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Strakowski|first1=Stephen |last2=Nelson |first2=Erik |title=Major Depressive Disorder |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190264321 |page=PT27 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=nD8FCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref> te lu tollook 50% ci nit ñiy dee ak xaru amoon nañu déteelu walla beneen feebar [[feebaru dikkale]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachmann |first1=S |title=Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=6 July 2018 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=1425 |doi=10.3390/ijerph15071425 |pmid=29986446|pmc=6068947 |quote=Half of all completed suicides are related to depressive and other mood disorders}}</ref> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Gëm nañu ne li koy indi mooy ab mbooloowu [[ndono yi ci dereet|ndono ci dereet]], ci li ñu wër, ak ci wallu xel.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Depression|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml|website=NIMH|accessdate=31 July 2016|date=May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805065529/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml|archivedate=5 August 2016}}</ref> Risk yi ñooy ci wallu [[cosaani waa kër gi (paj mi)|cosaanu waa kër gi]] ci li koy joxe, coppite ci dundum nit ki, yenn garab yi, [[jafe jafe yu metti ci wér gu yaram|jafe jafe yu metti ci wér gu yaram]], ak [[feebaru dorogewu]].<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/> Lu tollook 40% ci risk yi ñungi joge ci ndono yi ci dereet.<ref name=DSM5/> Saytu yi ci feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful mungi wekku ci jaar jaar yi nit ki di nettali ak benn [[saytu ci fi xelam tollu]].<ref name=Pat2015>{{cite book|last1=Patton|first1=Lauren L.|name-list-format=vanc |title=The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118929285|page=339|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTJiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|language=en}}</ref> Amul benn saytu ci laboratoire ngir feebaru déteelu yu gêna bari yi.<ref name=DSM5/> Di ko saytu, waaaye, mën nañu ko def ngir dindi fi yenn jafe jafe yi ci yaram bi yu mëna indi ay yeneen mandarga yu mel noonu.<ref name=Pat2015/> Feebaru déteelu moo gëna metti te mooy gëna yagg [[naqar]], lu bokk ci dund nit ki la .<ref name=DSM5/> Lii di [[United States Preventive Services Task Force]] (USPSTF) laaj na ñu saytu déteelu ci ñi am lu ëpp fukki at ak ñaari, <ref name=US2016>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Baumann LC, Davidson KW, Ebell M, García FA, Gillman M, Herzstein J, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Owens DK, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP |title=Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2016-01-26_315_4/page/380 |journal=JAMA |volume=315 |issue=4 |pages=380–7 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26813211 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.18392 }}</ref><ref name=US2016Peds>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL |title=Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=164 |issue=5 |pages=360–6 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26858097 |doi=10.7326/M15-2957 }}</ref> ci waxtu woowu ci [[xibaaru Cochrane]]gis nañu ne di faraldi di laajte du jappale génne walla faj feebar bi.<ref name=Gil2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gilbody S, House AO, Sheldon TA |title=Screening and case finding instruments for depression |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=4 |pages=CD002792 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16235301 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002792.pub2 }}</ref> <!--Treatment and course --> Ci yoon, nit ñi ñungi leen di faj ak [[pajum xelu nit ki|joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem]] ak [[garab yiy xeex déteelu]].<ref name=NIH2016/> Garab yi wone na ne am njëriñ, waaye njëriñ li mën na baax ci ñi gëna mettile feebar.<ref name="Fou2010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Amsterdam JD, Shelton RC, Fawcett J |title=Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=303 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2010 |pmid=20051569 |pmc=3712503 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1943 }}</ref><ref name="Kir2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT |title=Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration |journal=PLoS Medicine |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e45 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18303940 |pmc=2253608 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045 }}</ref> Leerul ndax garab yi dañuy def antum risk xaru.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Braun C, Bschor T, Franklin J, Baethge C |title=Suicides and Suicide Attempts during Long-Term Treatment with Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis of 29 Placebo-Controlled Studies Including 6,934 Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=171–9 |date=2016 |pmid=27043848 |doi=10.1159/000442293 }}</ref> Yenn xeeti joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem bokk na ci [[pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat]](CBT) ak [[pajum nekkin ak ñeneen ñi bu àndak xalaat]].<ref name=NIH2016/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Driessen E, Hollon SD |title=Cognitive behavioral therapy for mood disorders: efficacy, moderators and mediators |journal=The Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=537–55 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20599132 |pmc=2933381 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.005 }}</ref> Su fekkee yeneen xayma yi amuñu njëriñ, [[pajum electrochoc]] (ECT) mën nañu ko jëfandikoo.<ref name=NIH2016/> Tëye nit ki ci opitaal dina baax su fekkee nit ki am na risk gaañ boppam te mën na léég léég ñakka ànd ak li nit ki bëgg.<ref>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Compendium 2006|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub|isbn=9780890423851|page=780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zql0AqtRSrYC&pg=PA780|language=en|year=2006}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology, history, and society --> Feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful daloon na lu tollook 216 miliyoŋ ci ay nit (3% ci addina bi yépp) ci atum 2015.<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> Limug nit ñi ame feebar bi ci seen dund mungi tollu ci 7% ci Japon ba 21% ci France.<ref name="Kes2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kessler RC, Bromet EJ |title=The epidemiology of depression across cultures |journal=Annual Review of Public Health |volume=34 |pages=119–38 |date=2013 |pmid=23514317 |pmc=4100461 |doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 }}</ref> Lim gi ci giir dund mungi gëna kawe ci [[rééwi ame koom koom gu baax]] (15%) méngale ko ak [[rééw yi seen koom koom di jog]] (11%).<ref name=Kes2013/> Indi na ñaareel bu gëna kawe [[ci ay at yu ñu dund ak feebaru ñakka mën]], ginnaaw [[ndigg guy metti]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9995 |pages=743–800 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26063472 |pmc=4561509 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4 }}</ref> Diir gu ñu gëna raññe ni feebar bi génn na mooy ci ati ñaar fukki yi at fanweer yi.<ref name=DSM5/><ref name=Kes2013/> Jigéén ñi dañuy faraldi gëna nañu ame feebar bi ñaari yoon góór ñi.<ref name=DSM5>{{citation|author=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|location=Arlington|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|pages=160–168|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=5th|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5|accessdate=22 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731072609/https://psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5|archivedate=31 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Kes2013/> Lii di [[American Psychiatric Association di mbooloo mi nekk Amerik dajale fajkati feebaru xel yi]] yoq ci ne "feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful" ci ''[[Téére Saytu bi ak Xayma bi ngir ñi ame Feebaru Xel]]'' (DSM-II) ci atum 1980<ref name=Her2008/> Ab dog dog la woon [[feebaru déteelu bu ànd ak dikkale bu wacc]]ci DSM-II, te mënin yi bokkoon ci ñu xame ko léégi ni [[déteelu bu ndaw]] ak [[ay feebaru nekkin yu dajaloo ak dikkale yu bon]]. <ref name=Her2008>{{cite book|last1=Hersen|first1=Michel|last2=Rosqvist|first2=Johan |name-list-format=vanc |title=Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment, Volume 1: Adults|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470173565|page=32|date=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOBdVdjGf4oC&pg=PA32|language=en}}</ref> Ñi amewoon feebar bi ak ñi ko ame léégi mën nañu nekk ay [[légët ci dëkk bi|légëtloo]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Strakowski|first1=Stephen M.|last2=Nelson|first2=Erik | name-list-format=vanc |title=Major Depressive Disorder|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190206185|page=Chapter 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dz8FCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT9|language=en|chapter=Introduction|year=2015}}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] mmditnr755f8pyihpyl9068d28r1t2n 0 7815 107759 105429 2026-08-27T16:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107759 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app''' '''Feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app''' mooy benn [[feebaru xel]]boo xam ne nit ñi dañuy am soxlaa xoolaat mbir yi ay yooni yoon, di leen di def [[nekkin bu amul app|yenn yëngu yëngu yi ay yooni yoon]] (ñu koy woowe "aada"), walla am [[ay xalaat yu joge feneen|yenn ci xalaat yi di ñëwaat ay yoon]] (ñu leen di woowe "tëlbëti").<ref name=NIH2015 /> Nit ñi dañuy am jafe jafe wotu seeni xalaat walla seen yëngu yëngu lu yagg.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Yëngu yëngu yi ñuy gëna gis ñooy[[raxasu]], woññi mbir yi, ak di seet ndax ab buntu tëju na walla.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Ñenn ñi dañuy am jafe jafe sanni ay mbir ci biti.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Yëngu yëngu yii dañuy faraldi am lu baree bare ba nga xamantane nit ki ci boppam dundu bés bu nekk dafay metti.<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml|website=U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH)|author=The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)|date=January 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723194024/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml|archivedate=23 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dafay faraldi lu ëpp benn waxtu bés bu nekk.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5|date=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Washington|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=237–242|edition=5}}</ref> Mag ñu bare dañuy gis ne nekkin yooyu du tekkiwuñu dara.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Mënin bi dafa ànd ak [[feebaru tik|ay tik]], [[feebaru ku jaq]], ak njàjan bu yoqu ci wallu [[xaru]].<ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=Ang2015>{{cite journal|last1=Angelakis|first1=I|last2=Gooding|first2=P|last3=Tarrier|first3=N|last4=Panagioti|first4=M|title=Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|date=25 March 2015|volume=39|pages=1–15|pmid=25875222|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002}}</ref> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Li koy indi waxuñu ko.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Gis nañu ne am na yenn [[ay ndono|ndono]] falkat yi ak ñaar yépp[[ay seex yu niróó]] ñoom la gëna laal ay seex yi niróówul.<ref name=DSM5 /> Liy indi njàjan yi bokk na ci [[xale buñu daan noot]] walla yeneen [[stress (ci wallu nekkinu xel ak yëg yëg nit ki)|stress]]-liy yoq xew xew.<ref name=DSM5 /> Yenn yi bind nañu leen dénc gannaaw [[wall wall|ay wall wall]].<ref name=DSM5 /> Saytu bi mungi sukkandikoo ci yi koy feeñal te soxla na daq yeneen garab walla li joge ci yeneen jangoro yi koy indi.<ref name=DSM5 /> Ay xaymawukaay ni [[Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale]] (Y-BOCS) mën nañu leen jëfandikoo ngir saytu rëyaay bi.<ref name="Fenske_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fenske JN, Schwenk TL | title = Obsessive compulsive disorder: diagnosis and management | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 80 | issue = 3 | pages = 239–45 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19621834 | doi = | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0801/p239.html | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222223/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0801/p239.html | archivedate = 12 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Yeneen feebar yu metti yi ak ni ñuy feeñe ni yooyu bokk na ci feebaru ku jaq, [[feebaru naqar ak déteelu gu tar]], [[lekk yu jaxasoo]], [[feebaru tik]], ak [[feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app bu nekkinu nit ki]].<ref name=DSM5 /> <!-- Treatment and prognosis --> Faj mi bokk na ci [[pajum xelu nit ki|joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem]], ni [[pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat]]5CBT), ak yenn saay [[yiy xeex déteelu]] ni [[|]] walla [[]]<ref name=NEJM2014 /><ref name=Ve2014 /> Pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat (CBT) bu feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app (OCD) bokk na ci yoquteek liy indi jafe jafe yi te du bayyi nekkin bi di amaat ay yoon. <ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal | author = Grant JE | title = Clinical practice: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-08-14_371_7/page/646 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 371 | issue = 7 | pages = 646–53 | date = 14 August 2014 | pmid = 25119610 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp1402176}}</ref> Bu clomipramine di dox ak SSRI yi, efe sëkondeer yi tax na ba pajam dañu wacce ci ñaareelu liiñ bi. <ref name=NEJM2014 /> [[Luy xeex ñakk àndak sago bu ñu dul faraldi gis|Yuy xeex ñakk àndak sago yu ñu dul faraldi gis]] mën nañu am njëriñ bu leen jëfandikoo ci kaw SSRI bi ngir fajum yenn yu fës yi wante dañu leen di boole ci njàjan yiy yoqu efe sëkondeer yi. <ref name=Ve2014>{{cite journal |last=Veale |first= D|last2= Miles|first2=S |last3=Smallcombe |first3= N|last4=Ghezai |first4=H |last5=Goldacre |first5=B|last6=Hodsoll |first6=J |date=29 November 2014 |title=Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |journal=BMC Psychiatry|publisher= |volume= 14|issue= |pages=317 |doi=10.1186/s12888-014-0317-5 |pmid=25432131 |pmc=4262998}}</ref><ref name=Dec2010>{{cite journal |vauthors=Decloedt EH, Stein DJ | title = Current trends in drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder | journal = Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | volume = 6 | issue = |pages = 233–42 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20520787 | pmc = 2877605 | doi = 10.2147/NDT.S3149}}</ref> Ñakka paj mi, dina tax ba mënin mi di faraldi yagg lool.<ref name=DSM5 /> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Lu tollook 2.3% ci nit ñi ci seen giiru dund feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app dal na leen.<ref name=Good2014>{{cite journal|last1=Goodman|first1=WK|last2=Grice|first2=DE|last3=Lapidus|first3=KA|last4=Coffey|first4=BJ|title=Obsessive-compulsive disorder.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-clinics-of-north-america_2014-09_37_3/page/n14|journal=The Psychiatric clinics of North America|date=September 2014|volume=37|issue=3|pages=257–67|pmid=25150561|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.004}}</ref> Xayma bi ci benn at mungi tollu ci lu jege 1.2% ci addina bi yépp.<ref name=DSM5 /> Feebar bi duy faraldi feeñ bu nit ki weesoo fanweeri at ak juróóm, te génn wall nit ñépp dañuy tambali am ay jafe jafe balaa seen ñaar fukki at.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=DSM5 /> Góór ak jigéén yépp ñoo tolloo ni leen feebar bi dale.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Ci Anglais, baatu ''tëlbëti bu amul app''dañu koy faraldi jëfandikoo ci anam bu ñu tegul ci yoon bu bokkul ak OCD ngir wonale nit ku set lool ci li muy def, [[ku bëgg lu wóór (nekkinu xel ak cofeelu nit ki) |ku bëgg lu wóór]], kuy jël, walla kuy xool fenn lu yagg.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bynum|first1=W.F.|last2=Porter|first2=Roy|last3=Shepherd|first3=Michael|title=The anatomy of madness : essays in the history of psychiatry|date=1985|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-32382-6|pages=166–187|chapter=Obsessional Disorders: A Conceptual History. Terminological and Classificatory Issues.}}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] 96p4s8cql4ij7clj0cyglds39itqqsh 0 7817 107760 105426 2026-08-27T16:58:33Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Mental disorder characterized by abnormal behavior and misinterpretation of reality}} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Feebaru kuy dégg ay baat walla gis ay mbir yu doy waar, te gëm ay mbir yu amul''' mooy [[xel mu jaxasoo]] ñu koy gise ci [[nekkin yu dul noonu|nekkin bu dul noonu]] ak dégg-dégg bu waññeeku [[ci li dii dëgg]].<ref name=WHO2015>{{cite web|title=Schizophrenia Fact sheet N°397|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs397/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 February 2016|date=September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018051507/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs397/en/|archivedate=18 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Li koy wone ci li ñi gëna gis ñooy [[xalaat ci lenn loo xamante ne gëm nga na mënul nekk dëgg|gëm-gëm yu amul]], [[feebar ci ni nit ki di xalaate|Xalaat yu amul bopp amul geen]], [[dégg lu nekkul|dégg ay baat yu ñeneen ñi dul dégg]], nekk ak nit ñi ak cofeel yu waññeeku, ak ab [[ñakka mëna tambali ay mbir ak nekk ci ay mbëbët lu yagg|ñakka am cawarte]].<ref name=WHO2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> Nit ñi ame feebaru kuy dégg ay baat walla gis ay mbir yu doy waar, te gëm ay mbir yu amul ñu koy woowe schizophrenie dañuy faraldi am yeneen [[jafe jafe feebaru xel]]yu mel ni [[feebaru ku jaq|jaq]] [[Feebaru naqar gu tar|déteelu]], walla [[feebaru dorogu|ay feebaru dorogewu]]. <ref name="Sim_et_al_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ | title = Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia | journal = Schizophrenia Bulletin | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 383–402 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19011234 | pmc = 2659306 | doi = 10.1093/schbul/sbn135 }}</ref> Feebar yi buñuy feeñ dañuy ñëw ndànk ndànk, tambali ci bi nga nekkee xale bu dëggër, te dañuy yagg lool.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Schizophrenia|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|accessdate=3 February 2016|date=January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125145206/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml|archivedate=25 November 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=DSM5pg101/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Yii di indi feebaru kuy dégg ay baat walla gis ay mbir yu doy waar, te gëm ay mbir yu amul ñooy [[ci wallu li ñu wër|li ñu wër]] ak [[Ndono|Ndono ci dereet]]ci yooyu wall.<ref name=Lancet2016/> Li jóge ci wallu li ñu wër bokk na ci nga yaroo ci dëkku taax, [[yambaa]] jëfandikoo ko bi nga nekkee xale bu góór bu jigéén, yenn cofeel yi, at mu sore bu waajur yi, ak lekk bu bon bi nga ëmbee.<ref name=Lancet2016/><ref name=Chadwick2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chadwick B, Miller ML, Hurd YL | title = Cannabis Use during Adolescent Development: Susceptibility to Psychiatric Illness | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | volume = 4 | issue = | pages = 129 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 24133461 | pmc = 3796318 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00129 | type = Review }}</ref> Ndono yi ci dereet bokk na ci ay ndono yu bare yu ñuy faraldi gis ak yu nééw.<ref name="KavanaghTansey2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kavanagh DH, Tansey KE, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ | title = Schizophrenia genetics: emerging themes for a complex disorder | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 72–6 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25385368 | doi = 10.1038/mp.2014.148 }}</ref> Saytu bi mungi tegu ci seetlu nekkin, nettali jaar jaari nit ki ak li ñi jege nit ki nettali. <ref name=DSM5pg101/> Buñuy saytu nit ki [[aadaam]] dafay am solo ci saytu bi.<ref name=DSM5pg101/> 2013 ba léégi amul saytu bu leer.<ref name=DSM5pg101>{{cite book| author= American Psychiatric Association |title= Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |publisher= American Psychiatric Publishing |location= Arlington |isbn= 978-0-89042-555-8 |pages= 101–05 |edition=5th}}</ref> Feebaru schizophrenie tekkiwul ne nit ki dafa am "nekkin yu wute" walla [[am nekkin yu bari lépp ci benn nit ki]] - lu ci ëpp dafay jaaxal nit ñi.<ref name=BMJ07>{{cite journal | vauthors = Picchioni MM, Murray RM | title = Schizophrenia | journal = BMJ | volume = 335 | issue = 7610 | pages = 91–5 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17626963 | pmc = 1914490 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.39227.616447.BE }}</ref> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Paj mi mungi aaju li ci ëpp ci [[luy xeex ñakk àndak sago]] garab, ak ci wetam [[pajum xelu nit ki|joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem]], taggat ñi di fajaate ngir ñu mëna def seen liggééy bu baax ak delluwaat nekk ak nit ñi. <ref name=WHO2015/><ref name=Lancet2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB | title = Schizophrenia | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10039 | pages = 86–97 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26777917 | pmc = 4940219 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01121-6 }}</ref> Leerul ndax [[luy xeex ñakk àndak sago bu raññeeku|raññeeku]] walla [[luy xeex ñakk àndak sago buñu dul faraldi gis|luy xeex ñakk àndak sago yu ñu dul faraldi gis]] ñoo gën.<ref name=Kane2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kane JM, Correll CU | title = Pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia | journal = Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 345–57 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20954430 | pmc = 3085113 }}</ref> Ñi nga xame ne duñuy tane ak yeneen yi di xeex ñakk àndak sago [[clozapine]]war na ñu ko jééma jëfandikoo.<ref name=Lancet2016/> Ci yenn yi gëna metti te nga xam ne am na ab njàjan ci sa bopp walla ci ñeneen ñi [[njàng ak pajum feebaru xel buñu yakkamti|ospitaaliise buñu tannul]]war na mëna nekk, su fekkee sax léégi des ci opitaal mungi waññeeku bu baax ni bu njëkk ba.<ref name="BeckerKilian2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Becker T, Kilian R | title = Psychiatric services for people with severe mental illness across western Europe: what can be generalized from current knowledge about differences in provision, costs and outcomes of mental health care? | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum | volume = 113 | issue = 429 | pages = 9–16 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16445476 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00711.x }}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and prognosis --> Lu tollu ci 0.3 ba 0.7 % ci ay nit am nañu feebaru schizophrenie ci seen dund.<ref name=Lancet09>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Os J, Kapur S | title = Schizophrenia | journal = Lancet | volume = 374 | issue = 9690 | pages = 635–45 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19700006 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60995-8 | url = http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/19525360/611943554/name/Schizophrenia+-+The+Lancet.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130623065810/http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/19525360/611943554/name/Schizophrenia+-+The+Lancet.pdf | df = dmy-all | deadurl = no | archive-date = 23 June 2013 }}</ref> Ci atum 2013 amoon na ab xayma bu tollook 23.6 miliyoŋ ci ñi ame feebar bi ci addina bi yépp.<ref name=GBD2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators)) | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9995 | pages = 743–800 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 26063472 | pmc = 4561509 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4 }}</ref> Góór ñi ñoom la feebar bi gëna japp, te ci ñoom lañuy gëne raññe feebar di wonewu.<ref name=WHO2015/> Lu tollook 20% ci ñoom ñungi ciy génn te tuuti rekkay wér bu baax,<ref name=DSM5pg101/>te lu tollook 50% dañuy am gallankoor ci seen giiru dund.<ref name=Law2015>{{cite book | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = Ryan E. | last2 = First | first2 = Michael B. | last3 = Lieberman | first3 = Jeffrey A. | name-list-format = vanc | chapter = Chapter 48: Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses | editor-first1 = Allan | editor-last1 = Tasman | editor-first2 = Jerald | editor-last2 = Kay | editor-first3 = Jeffrey A. | editor-last3 = Lieberman | editor-first4 = Michael B. | editor-last4 = First | editor-first5 = Michelle B. | editor-last5 = Riba | title = Psychiatry | edition = fourth | date = 2015 | pages = 798, 816, 819 | doi = 10.1002/9781118753378.ch48 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | isbn = 978-1-118-84547-9 }}</ref> Ay jafe jafe ci nekk ak nit ñi, ni ñakka liggééy gu yagg, ndóól ak [[ñakka am dëkkuwaay]], dafa bari. <ref name=DSM5pg101/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Foster A, Gable J, Buckley J | title = Homelessness in schizophrenia | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-clinics-of-north-america_2012-09_35_3/page/717 | journal = The Psychiatric Clinics of North America | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 717–34 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22929875 | doi = 10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.010 }}</ref> Limu [[yaakaar ci dund ba ab at]]bu nit ñi ame feebar yu fës yi mungi ci fukk ba ñaar fukki at ak juróóm gëna tuuti nit ñi ci ëpp.<ref name=Lauren2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M | title = Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia | journal = Current Opinion in Psychiatry | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 83–8 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22249081 | doi = 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835035ca }}</ref> Li mooy li mu jur ci yoquteek jafe jafe wér gu yaram yi ñiy gis ak kawewaay [[xaru]]mungi tollu ci (lu jege 5%).<ref name=Lancet09/><ref name=Jop2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hor K, Taylor M | title = Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology | volume = 24 | issue = 4 Suppl | pages = 81–90 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20923923 | pmc = 2951591 | doi = 10.1177/1359786810385490 }}</ref> Ci atum 2015 xayma nañu lu tollook 17.000 ci ay nit ci addina bi ñu dee ci nekkin bu bokk ci, walla jóge ci, feebaru schizophrenie. <ref name=GDB2015>{{cite journal |author=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] 2m2wi6qxsysjxku559w14oyb52vqnpz 0 7818 107768 107749 2026-08-27T17:02:42Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dencukaay:Edouard Manet - Le Suicidé.jpg|thumb|200px]] <!--Definition and risk factors --> '''Xaru''' mooy nga am yééne [[ray sa bopp]].<ref name=Sted2006>{{cite book |title=Stedman's Medical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/stedmansmedicald0000sted_u1n5 |year=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-7817-3390-8 |edition=28th}}</ref> [[feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful|feebaru naqar gu metti ku dara saful]], [[Feebaru "bipolaire"]], [[Feebaru "schizophrénie"]], [[feebaru nekkin|feebari nekkin]], ak [[feebaru dorogewu]] - boole ci [[naan gu bari gi]] ak jëfandikoo [[garabu Benzodiazepine|garabu benzodiazepine]] - yi yépp luy indi xaru la<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=Hawton2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawton K, van Heeringen K | title = Suicide | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-18-24-2009_373_9672/page/1372 | journal = Lancet | volume = 373 | issue = 9672 | pages = 1372–81 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19376453 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X }}</ref><ref name=Dod2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dodds TJ | title = Prescribed Benzodiazepines and Suicide Risk: A Review of the Literature | journal = The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28257172 | doi = 10.4088/PCC.16r02037 }}</ref> Ñenn ci ñi di xaru dafa am [[lu leen di dooleel|ay jëf yu ñu dooleel]]ndax stress joge ci[[jafe-jafe xaalis]], jafe-jafe [[nekk ak nit ñi|nekkin ak nit ñi nekkin ci diggante ay nit]], walla [[tiital]]<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bottino SM, Bottino CM, Regina CG, Correia AV, Ribeiro WS | title = Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review | journal = Cadernos De Saude Publica | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 463–75 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25859714 | doi = 10.1590/0102-311x00036114 }}</ref> Ñi mësa jééma xaru dañu nekk ñoo xamantane ngir ñu jéémaata xaru lu yomb la.<ref name=WHO2016/> [[Fagaru ngir waññi xaru]]jéégo yi ñooy nééwal yoon yi di indi xaru - lu mel ni [[ay fetal]], dorog, ak poson; faj feebaru xel yi ak dorogekat yi; [[yéglekaay yu mag yi|yéglekaay yi]] nettali bu xaru amee, te yoq koom-koomi nit ñi.<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite web|title=Suicide Fact sheet N°398|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|website=WHO|access-date=3 March 2016|date=April 2016|deadurl=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192347/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=}}</ref> Su fekkee sax [[nimero bi nit ñi mëne woote saa yu nekk su ñu amee jafe-jafe|ay nimero yu nit ñi mëne woote saa yu nekk su ñu amee jafe-jafe]] bare nañu, wóórul ne am nañu njëriñ.<ref name=Sak2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakinofsky I | title = The current evidence base for the clinical care of suicidal patients: strengths and weaknesses | journal = Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie | volume = 52 | issue = 6 Suppl 1 | pages = 7S-20S | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17824349 }}</ref> <!--Method --> Yi ñu gën di gis [[ci ay fasoŋi xaru|fasoŋu xaru]]da ñu wute ci diggante rééw yi, te mungi bokk ci benn wall ci ay pexe yu wóór yu ñu tërël.<ref name=Yip2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yip PS, Caine E, Yousuf S, Chang SS, Wu KC, Chen YY | title = Means restriction for suicide prevention | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_june-23-29-2012_379_9834/page/2393 | journal = Lancet | volume = 379 | issue = 9834 | pages = 2393–9 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22726520 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60521-2 }}</ref> Fasoŋi xaru yu ñuy gën di gis ñooy [[xoj sa bopp]], [[naan poson]], ak[[gannaay|ay fetal]].<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=Aj2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ajdacic-Gross V, Weiss MG, Ring M, Hepp U, Bopp M, Gutzwiller F, Rössler W | title = Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 86 | issue = 9 | pages = 726–32 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18797649 | pmc = 2649482 | doi = 10.2471/BLT.07.043489 }}</ref> Xayma nañu nit ñi dee ci xaru tollu ci 828.000 ci addina bi yépp ci atum 2015, am na yoqutewu ci xaymaay atum 1990 tolluwoon ci 712.000.<ref name=GBD2015De/><ref name=GDB2013>{{cite journal | author = GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 | journal = Lancet | volume = 385 | issue = 9963 | pages = 117–71 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25530442 | pmc = 4340604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 }}</ref> Lii moo def xaru fukkeelu [[mbir yuy indi dee]]ci addina bi.<ref name=Hawton2009/><ref name=Var2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Värnik P | title = Suicide in the world | journal = International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 760–71 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22690161 | pmc = 3367275 | doi = 10.3390/ijerph9030760 }}</ref> <!-- Demographics --> Lu jege 0.5-1.4% ci nit ñi di xaru, lu tollook 12 ci 100.000 nit yoo jël at mu nekk<ref name=Var2012/><ref name=EB2011/> Ñett ci ñeent ñiy xaru ñépp ci addina bi mungi am ci [[ci rééw yi di suqaliku|ak rééw yi seen am-am demewul noonu]].<ref name=WHO2016/> Xayma xaru yi am ba pare lu ci ëpp ci góór ñi la ëppe boo ko méngalee ak jigéén ñi, tambale ko ci 1,5 yoon gëna kawe ci rééwi yi seen koom-koom di jóg jëm ci 3,5 yoon gëna kawe ci [[rééwi yi ame alal]].<ref name=WHO2014Pre/> Xaru lu ci ëpp mungi gëna fës ci ñi weesu juróóm ñaar fukki at; waaye, ci yenn rééw yi, at yooyu ñungi ci diggante fukki at ak juróóm ak fanweeri at ci seen mëna xaru yu gëna kawe. <ref name=WHO2014Pre>{{cite book|title=Preventing suicide: a global imperative|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241564779|pages=7, 20, 40}}</ref> Europe moo ëppoon ay nit yu xaru ci ay gox ci atum 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates_crude/en/|title=Suicide rates per (100 000 population)|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> Xayma nañu fukk ba ñaar fukki miliyoŋ [[nit ñu jééma xaru te aggul|ñi jééma xaru te deewuñu]] at mu nekk.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A | title = Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective | journal = World Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–5 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 16946849 | pmc = 1489848 }}</ref> Di jééma xaru te deewuloo mën na indi ay gaañu-gaañu ak ay laago yu yagg.<ref name=EB2011/> Ci rééwi tugël yi, di jééma xaru mungi ëppe ci ndaw ñi ak ci jigéén ñi.<ref name=EB2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang B, Gitlin D, Patel R | title = The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies | journal = Emergency Medicine Practice | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 1–23; quiz 23–4 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 22164363 }}</ref> <!--History, society and culture --> Ay gis-gis yi nit ñi am ci xaru ñungi bawoo ci[[ay ngëm-ngëm]]yu mel ni diine, [[teddaay]], ak [[njëriñu dund bi]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tomer|first1=Adrian | name-list-format = vanc |title=Existential and Spiritual Issues in Death Attitudes|date=2013|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9781136676901|page=282|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJTruwsicuoC&pg=PA282 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ritzer |first1=edited by George |last2=Stepnisky |first2=Jeffrey | name-list-format = vanc |title=The Wiley-Blackwell companion to major social theorists |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |location=Malden, MA |isbn=9781444396607 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDwdmVUMIh8C&pg=PA65 }}</ref> Yii [[Diine yu joge ci Ibrahima]]dañu gise xaru ni ab [[bakkaar|tooñ Yalla]], ndax seen ngëm-ngëm ci [[sellaay yu dund bi]].<ref>{{cite book|title=God, Religion, Science, Nature, Culture, and Morality|date=2014|publisher=Archway Publishing|isbn=9781480811249|page=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGGVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA254 }}</ref> Bi [[samurai]]doon am ca Japon, benn xeetu xaru bi ñu xamewoon ni [[seppuku]] ''harakiri'' dañu ko joxoon cër ni beneen yoon ngir bëral ñakka tekki walla ni yoonu ñaxtu.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Colt|first1=George Howe|title=The enigma of suicide|date=1992|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=9780671760717|page=139|edition=1st Touchstone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOz3hStePfYC&pg=PA139 }}</ref> [[Sati (topp)|Sati]], benn jëf-jëf la bu ñu terewoon joge ci [[Raju Britanique bi]], bu doon xaar [[Jëtuur#Jëtuur yi ci aada waa Inde|Jëtuur Indo bi]]di[[lakk boppam|ray boppam]]bi nééwu jëkkëram ji [[di dem ci fi ñu koy lakke ngir rob ko|taalu robukaay]], mu defal ko boppam walla waa këram ak mbooloo mi di ko puus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/words/general/020807_witn.shtml |title=Indian woman commits sati suicide |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2002-08-07 |access-date=2010-08-26 |deadurl=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202101233/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/words/general/020807_witn.shtml |archive-date=2011-02-02 |df= }}</ref> Xaru ak jééma xaru, bu njëkka ba dañu ko terewoon, waaye léégi ci rééwi Tugël yu bari kenn tereetu ko <ref name=White2010>{{cite book|last=White | first = Tony | name-list-format = vanc |title=Working with suicidal individuals : a guide to providing understanding, assessment and support|year=2010|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|location=London|isbn=978-1-84905-115-6|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_ZvK-DBYfIC&pg=PT12 }}</ref> Boobu [[#yoon|dafa nekk ab ñaawtééf ci rééw yu bari ba léégi]]<ref name=Islam2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lester D | title = Suicide and islam | journal = Archives of Suicide Research | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–97 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16287698 | doi = 10.1080/13811110500318489 }}</ref> Ci siecle ñaar fukkeel ak ñaar fukkeel ak benn, xaru lu nééw lañu ko jëfandikoo ni xeetu ñaxtu, ak [[kamikaze]] ak [[xaru ak ay bomb]] nekk na lu ñu daan jëfandikoo ni jëfinu militaire walla terroriste. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aggarwal N | title = Rethinking suicide bombing | journal = Crisis | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 94–7 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19525169 | doi = 10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.94 }}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] 23265cakn98u46qjpn5gvadpvxcwkcv 0 7819 107761 105431 2026-08-27T16:59:10Z InternetArchiveBot 12803 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260827sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 107761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hatnote|"OCD" redirects here. For other uses, see [[OCD (disambiguation)]]. Not to be confused with [[Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder]].}} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''Feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app''' '''Feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app'''mooy benn[[feebaru xel]]boo xam ne nit ñi dañuy am soxlaa xoolaat mbir yi ay yooni yoon, di leen di def[[nekkin bu amul app|yenn yëngu yëngu yi ay yooni yoon]](ñu koy woowe "aada"), walla am [[ay xalaat yu joge feneen|yenn ci xalaat yi di ñëwaat ay yoon]] (ñu leen di woowe "tëlbëti").<ref name=NIH2015 /> Nit ñi dañuy am jafe jafe wotu seeni xalaat walla seen yëngu yëngu lu yagg.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Yëngu yëngu yi ñuy gëna gis ñooy[[raxasu]], woññi mbir yi, ak di seet ndax ab buntu tëju na walla.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Ñenn ñi dañuy am jafe jafe sanni ay mbir ci biti.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Yëngu yëngu yii dañuy faraldi am lu baree bare ba nga xamantane nit ki ci boppam dundu bés bu nekk dafay metti.<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml|website=U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH)|author=The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)|date=January 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723194024/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml|archivedate=23 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dafay faraldi lu ëpp benn waxtu bés bu nekk.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5|date=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Washington|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=237–242|edition=5}}</ref> Mag ñu bare dañuy gis ne nekkin yooyu du tekkiwuñu dara.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Mënin bi dafa ànd ak [[feebaru tik|ay tik]], [[feebaru ku jaq]], ak njàjan bu yoqu ci wallu [[xaru]].<ref name=DSM5 /><ref name=Ang2015>{{cite journal|last1=Angelakis|first1=I|last2=Gooding|first2=P|last3=Tarrier|first3=N|last4=Panagioti|first4=M|title=Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|date=25 March 2015|volume=39|pages=1–15|pmid=25875222|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002}}</ref> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Li koy indi waxuñu ko.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Gis nañu ne am na yenn[[ay ndono|ndono]] falkat yi ak ñaar yépp[[ay seex yu niróó]] ñoom la gëna laal ay seex yi niróówul.<ref name=DSM5 /> Liy indi njàjan yi bokk na ci [[xale buñu daan noot]] walla yeneen [[stress (ci wallu nekkinu xel ak yëg yëg nit ki)|stress]]-liy yoq xew xew.<ref name=DSM5 /> Yenn yi bind nañu leen dénc gannaaw [[wall wall|ay wall wall]].<ref name=DSM5 /> Saytu bi mungi sukkandikoo ci yi koy feeñal te soxla na daq yeneen garab walla li joge ci yeneen jangoro yi koy indi.<ref name=DSM5 /> Ay xaymawukaay ni [[Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale]] (Y-BOCS) mën nañu leen jëfandikoo ngir saytu rëyaay bi.<ref name="Fenske_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fenske JN, Schwenk TL | title = Obsessive compulsive disorder: diagnosis and management | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 80 | issue = 3 | pages = 239–45 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19621834 | doi = | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0801/p239.html | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222223/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0801/p239.html | archivedate = 12 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Yeneen feebar yu metti yi ak ni ñuy feeñe ni yooyu bokk na ci feebaru ku jaq, [[feebaru naqar ak déteelu gu tar]], [[lekk yu jaxasoo]], [[feebaru tik]], ak [[feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app bu nekkinu nit ki]].<ref name=DSM5 /> <!-- Treatment and prognosis --> Faj mi bokk na ci[[pajum xelu nit ki|joxe ay tegtal ngir dimbali nit ki saafara jafe-jafeem]], ni [[pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat]](TCC), ak yenn saay [[yiy xeex déteelu]] ni [[Inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine]] walla [[clomipramine]]<ref name=NEJM2014 /><ref name=Ve2014 /> Pajum nekkin bu àndak xalaat (CBT) bu feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app (OCD) bokk na ci yoquteek liy indi jafe jafe yi te du bayyi nekkin bi di amaat ay yoon. <ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal | author = Grant JE | title = Clinical practice: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-08-14_371_7/page/646 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 371 | issue = 7 | pages = 646–53 | date = 14 August 2014 | pmid = 25119610 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp1402176}}</ref> Bu clomipramine di dox ak SSRI yi, efe sëkondeer yi tax na ba pajam dañu wacce ci ñaareelu liiñ bi. <ref name=NEJM2014 /> [[Luy xeex ñakk àndak sago bu ñu dul faraldi gis|Yuy xeex ñakk àndak sago yu ñu dul faraldi gis]] mën nañu am njëriñ bu leen jëfandikoo ci kaw SSRI bi ngir fajum yenn yu fës yi wante dañu leen di boole ci njàjan yiy yoqu efe sëkondeer yi. <ref name=Ve2014>{{cite journal |last=Veale |first= D|last2= Miles|first2=S |last3=Smallcombe |first3= N|last4=Ghezai |first4=H |last5=Goldacre |first5=B|last6=Hodsoll |first6=J |date=29 November 2014 |title=Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |journal=BMC Psychiatry|publisher= |volume= 14|issue= |pages=317 |doi=10.1186/s12888-014-0317-5 |pmid=25432131 |pmc=4262998}}</ref><ref name=Dec2010>{{cite journal |vauthors=Decloedt EH, Stein DJ | title = Current trends in drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder | journal = Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | volume = 6 | issue = |pages = 233–42 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20520787 | pmc = 2877605 | doi = 10.2147/NDT.S3149}}</ref> Ñakka paj mi, dina tax ba mënin mi di faraldi yagg lool.<ref name=DSM5 /> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Lu tollook 2.3% ci nit ñi ci seen giiru dund feebaru tëlbëti bu amul app dal na leen.<ref name=Good2014>{{cite journal|last1=Goodman|first1=WK|last2=Grice|first2=DE|last3=Lapidus|first3=KA|last4=Coffey|first4=BJ|title=Obsessive-compulsive disorder.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-clinics-of-north-america_2014-09_37_3/page/n14|journal=The Psychiatric clinics of North America|date=September 2014|volume=37|issue=3|pages=257–67|pmid=25150561|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.004}}</ref> Xayma bi ci benn at mungi tollu ci lu jege 1.2% ci addina bi yépp.<ref name=DSM5 /> Feebar bi duy faraldi feeñ bu nit ki weesoo fanweeri at ak juróóm, te génn wall nit ñépp dañuy tambali am ay jafe jafe balaa seen ñaar fukki at.<ref name=NIH2015 /><ref name=DSM5 /> Góór ak jigéén yépp ñoo tolloo ni leen feebar bi dale.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Ci Anglais, baatu ''tëlbëti bu amul app''dañu koy faraldi jëfandikoo ci anam bu ñu tegul ci yoon bu bokkul ak OCD ngir wonale nit ku set lool ci li muy def, [[ku bëgg lu wóór (nekkinu xel ak cofeelu nit ki) |ku bëgg lu wóór]], kuy jël, walla kuy xool fenn lu yagg.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bynum|first1=W.F.|last2=Porter|first2=Roy|last3=Shepherd|first3=Michael|title=The anatomy of madness : essays in the history of psychiatry|date=1985|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-32382-6|pages=166–187|chapter=Obsessional Disorders: A Conceptual History. Terminological and Classificatory Issues.}}</ref> [[Wàll:Paj]] grpgwqg6waeasrxk4os1ybycizno9al