维基百科 wuuwiki https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk 模块 模块讨论 活动 活动讨论 0 33262 401271 399653 2026-10-18T02:00:45Z InternetArchiveBot 83785 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 401271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{好文}} [[File:利玛窦像，游文辉绘.jpg|缩略图|利玛窦]] '''利玛窦'''（{{Langx|it|Matteo Ricci}}，{{Ipa|[matˈtɛːo ˈritt͡ʃi]}}；{{Bd|1552年|10月6号|1610年|5月11号}}），[[意大利]]籍[[天主教]][[耶稣会]]神父，天主教耶稣会勒[[中国]]传教个开拓者之一。俚绘制个《坤舆万国全图》头一趟拿欧洲地理大发现个成果介绍到东亚地区。天主教会勒1984年授畀俚天主之仆称号。 利玛窦勒1582年抵达[[澳门]]开始仔俚勒中国个传教。俚勒1601年获准居住北京，并为[[明神宗]]一朝提供天文搭历法方面个咨询。俚也是第一位进入紫禁城个欧洲人。利玛窦个信徒中有交关著名个公卿大臣，其中包括俚个同事，也是后首来影响顶大个、进士出身个翰林[[徐光启]]。利玛窦搭徐光启合作首次翻译了欧几里得个《[[几何原本]]》中文版本以及交关[[拉丁文]]版个儒家经典著作。 == 早年 == 1552年10月6日，利玛窦生勒教皇国马切塔拉城（现属[[意大利]]马凯尔大区）。俚勒家乡接受传统教育，之后勒罗马学了两年法律。利玛窦於1571年4月勒[[耶稣会]]主办个罗马学院学习期间加入了耶稣会，同时勒克里斯托佛•克拉乌神父个指导下学习[[哲学]]，[[数学]]，宇宙学，搭[[天文学]]。1577年获准前往远东传教。利玛窦一行勒1578年3月从[[里斯本]]启程，并勒同年9月抵达[[葡萄牙]]勒[[亚洲]]顶重要个殖民地--印度果阿邦。俚勒果阿当地传教四年并且勒当地神学院还学习人文学科，直到1582年应召前往中国。利玛窦勒1582年8月7日抵达澳门。<ref name="Brucker">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13034a.htm Brucker, Joseph.]</ref> == 利玛窦勒中国 == [[File:Matteo_Ricci's_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg|右|缩略图|260x260像素|利玛窦从澳门去北京个路线]] 勒利玛窦达到澳门个辰光，基督教派勒[[中国]]个传教活动仅仅局限勒澳门。利玛窦抵到澳门个三年前（1579年），基督教派个传教士还朆系统学过中文，[[迭]]种情况直到澳门圣保罗学院个创始人范礼安搭罗明坚（明朝以来第一位进入中国大陆个西方传教士）开始计划勒[[中国大陆]]进行传教之后才有所改观。<ref>Gallagher (trans) (1953), pp. 131-132, 137</ref> 利玛窦勒澳门当地努力学习中文搭相关个风俗文化，箇使得俚成为了第一位掌握[[汉字]]搭文言个西方学者。期间俚搭罗明坚游历仔[[广东]]个主要城市——[[广州]]搭[[肇庆]]，以期建立一所澳门之外个耶稣会教堂。<ref name="Brucker"/> [[File:Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_(坤輿萬國全圖).jpg|缩略图|355x355像素|《坤舆万国全图》 利玛窦应万历皇帝个要求勒1602年绘制详尽个彩页版《坤舆万国全图》（日本片假名音译副本）<br> ]] 利玛窦搭罗明坚勒1583年获得肇庆知府王泮个准许入驻肇庆。利玛窦勒肇庆留驻至1589年直到畀新一任个广州总督刘继文驱逐脱。勒肇庆期间（1584年）利玛窦绘制了第一幅中文版本个欧式世界地图。尽管1584年版个地图嘸沒流传下来，1602年个六份复刻版本个地图得以保存至今。<ref name="Baran"><cite class="citation news">Baran, Madeleine (December 16, 2009). </cite></ref><ref name="BBC News"><cite class="citation news">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8454049.stm "Ancient map with China at centre goes on show in US"]. </cite></ref> 勒肇庆期间利玛窦搭罗明坚编纂了一部葡中对照字典，箇是第一部担汉字翻译成拉丁字母个字典。1934年字典抄本勒罗马[[耶稣会]]存档裏向畀发现，后首来勒2001年出版。<ref name="camus">Yves Camus, [http://www.riccimac.org/doc/JesuitsJourneys.pdf "Jesuits' Journeys in Chinese Studies"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.riccimac.org/doc/JesuitsJourneys.pdf |date=20150924090942 }}</ref><ref name="ricciDict">"Dicionário Português-Chinês : 葡汉辞典 (Pu-Han cidian): Portuguese-Chinese dictionary" by Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci; edited by John W. Witek. </ref> 目前肇庆市造仔“利玛窦纪念中心”<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.oneminuteenglish.com/map-dyj.htm "Ricci Memorial Centre"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oneminuteenglish.com/map-dyj.htm |date=20220410014216 }}. </cite></ref> 以纪念利玛窦勒肇庆箇六年个传教工作。 离开肇庆之后利玛窦获准移居至韶州（乃朝叫[[韶关]]）并勒此地继续传教。勒韶州，利玛窦攻读仔《四书》，并首次擔渠译为拉丁文。为了更方便与中国个官员交往，勒征得范礼安个同意后，从1594年起，利玛窦开始蓄发留须，并着起仔俚歇头儒士个服装。<ref>Gallagher (253), pp. 205-227</ref> 1595年利玛窦借口帮一位北上任职官员之子治病，而获得了去[[南京]]个机会。之后俚折返[[南昌市|南昌]]，并获得批准在此居住。1597年8月利玛窦畀范礼安任命为耶稣会中国教区个负责人，由利玛窦全权负责勒[[中国]]个传教活动。1598年利玛窦移居通州并勒9月7日第一趟到[[北京]]去。但当时辰光正值[[太阁征朝|万历援朝之役]]，利玛窦无法获得觐见个机会，仅住了两个号头，乃末只好返回，次年再度到达南京搭[[南直隶]]首府[[苏州]]。<ref name="dehergne 219">Dehergne, 219.</ref> 1598年冬，利玛窦勒耶稣会同事郭居静个帮助下头编纂了另一本葡中字典，对于中文个音节以[[罗马字]]搭变音符号畀出了详尽个注释。然而迭本字典朆能够流传下来。<ref name="camus"/> 勒1601年利玛窦受邀成为了[[明神宗]]个宫廷顾问，俚也是第一位畀邀请进入[[紫禁城]]个西方人。迭份荣誉主要是基于利玛窦个科学知识，勒成功预测仔一趟[[日食]]之后俚成为了有名个人物。<ref>Chan Kei thong. </ref>利玛窦勒[[北京]]建立了第一座天主教堂——宣武门天主堂。<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/31024.htm "The Tomb of Matteo Ricci" ''Beijing A Guide to China's Capital City''] Accessed 2010-10-05</ref>俚能够自由出入[[紫禁城]]，尽管俚搭近乎隐居个明神宗朆谋面歇，皇帝给予个津贴搭支持使得利玛窦完成了第一部欧洲地理学著作《职方外纪》个中文翻译工作。<ref name="wdl"><cite class="citation web">Li, Zhizao (1623). </cite></ref> 获得勒北京长居个许可之后利玛窦广泛结交公卿大臣搭[[士大夫]]，并使得其中一点人转而信奉天主教。勒一趟俚称为非常成功个布道当中利玛窦说服了[[太阁征朝|万历援朝之役]]中个将领，同时也让著名[[风水]]师个李应试改信[[天主教]]。李之后给予[[耶穌會|耶稣会]]长期个帮助。<ref>Gallagher (trans) (1953), pp. 433-435</ref><ref><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFEngelfriet1998">Engelfriet, Peter M. (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=aKLr5duAiwMC ''Euclid in China: the genesis of the first Chinese translation of Euclid's Elements, books I-VI (Jihe yuanben, Beijing, 1607) and its reception up to 1723''], BRILL, p.&nbsp;70, ISBN&nbsp;90-04-10944-7</cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFEngelfriet1998"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft.aulast=Engelfriet&rft.btitle=Euclid+in+China%3A+the+genesis+of+the+first+Chinese+translation+of+Euclid%27s+Elements%2C+books+I-VI+%28Jihe+yuanben%2C+Beijing%2C+1607%29+and+its+reception+up+to+1723&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKLr5duAiwMC&rft.isbn=90-04-10944-7&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span></ref> 利玛窦是第一位知晓[[开封犹太人]]存在个欧洲人<ref name="white">White, William Charles. </ref>，勒拉[[开封]]个[[犹太人]]社区勒1605年联络俚之后。尽管利玛窦本人朆造访歇[[开封市|开封]]，但俚派出了年轻个神父访问伊面𡍲。事实浪当地个犹太拉比准备擔职位交畀利玛窦，衹要俚放弃脱喫猪肉，不过利玛窦弗接受。<ref name="white">White, William Charles. </ref> 1610年5月11日利玛窦病逝于[[北京]]，享年57岁。伊歇明朝政府个惯例是，殁勒中国个外国传教士必须迁回[[澳门]]墓地下葬。为仔让利玛窦能够安葬勒北京，借此来认可教会搭[[天主教]]勒[[中国]]个合法存在，[[耶稣会]]庞迪我神父向明神宗上疏，希望能破例赐地埋葬利玛窦。迭份上疏老快得到了万历皇帝个批准。1610年10月，利玛窦迁葬勒万历皇帝所赐个二里沟个滕公栅栏。<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/31024.htm "The Tomb of Matteo Ricci"]. </cite></ref>朝后起交关传教士，包括[[南怀仁]]搭[[汤若望]]也侪安葬于此。至19世纪末，安葬于滕公栅栏个欧洲传教士已逾百名。利玛窦墓乃朝勒拉北京行政学院内。 利玛窦中国教区负责人个职位由龙华民神父接任。龙华民委托另外一位耶稣会神父金尼阁擔利玛窦个著述编译成拉丁文。迭些著述勒1615年以《耶稣会在中国个传教》为名出版并畀翻译成多国文字。<ref name="Mungello"><cite class="citation book">Mungello, David E. (1989)</cite></ref> == 利玛窦搭中国文化 == [[File:Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg|右|缩略图|267x267像素|着传统儒家服装个利玛窦<br> ]] 利玛窦能熟练读写中国[[文言]]，箇是当时官员以及士大夫们使用个语言。总体而言俚对中国文化表示欣赏，但有记录显示俚对广泛存在勒北京个妓院表示谴责。搭俚勒[[南亚]]个经历弗同，利玛窦发现中国文化搭[[儒学]]紧密联系，乃末决定运用中国文化当中已有个概念去诠释基督宗教。俚朆拿宗教信仰诠释为西方个或者对于[[中国人]]而言是全新个，而是表示中国文化搭人民长期以来是信仰神个，[[基督教]]只是帮助俚笃坚定自家个信仰而已。俚认为中国传统个“天”搭“[[上帝]]”本质上较天主教所话个“唯一真神”并无分别，主张以“[[天主]]”称呼[[天主教]]个“神”。而祭祀祖先搭孔子，迭些只属追思先人搭缅怀哲人个仪式，本质浪并嘸沒违反天主教教义。[[道明会]]搭方济各会个[[传教士]]觉着嚜利玛窦偏离得忒远，向[[梵蒂冈]]申诉利玛窦等人允许中国教徒崇拜祖先，违背了天主教教义。[[道明会]]传教士建议教皇派特使到中国晋见[[康熙]]皇帝，要求更改利玛窦规矩以排除容许中国传统个传教方式，搭康熙争辩。康熙认为“弗可理喻”，强令传教士遵从，否则逐回。此即之后个[[中国礼仪之争事件]]。<ref name="autogenerated1">Franzen 324</ref><ref>See Wikipedia article, Chinese Rites controversy</ref> 正如勒[[印度]]个发展一样，基督教中[[欧洲文化]]个强调几乎导致了中国天主教会传教活动个结束（康熙帝于[[礼仪之争事件]]后禁止天主教在华传教活动），不过勒[[四川]]搭其他一些地方基督教社区仍然保留了下来。<ref name="autogenerated1">Franzen 324</ref> 勒[[徐光启]]个协助下头，利玛窦第一趟成功拿一系列儒家经典翻译成拉丁文。 利玛窦勒北京期间还擔天主教经典搭西学传授畀了一位朝鲜派来明朝个特使，李睟光。利玛窦赠与个西学书籍帮助了第一本朝鲜百科全书《芝峰类说》个编写以及朝鲜半岛实学运动个发展。<ref>National Assembly, Republic of Korea: [http://korea.assembly.go.kr/history_html/history_07/jos_L_07.jsp Korea History]</ref><ref>Bowman, John S. (2000). </ref> == 册封 == [[天主教会]]勒1984年授予俚'''天主之仆'''个称号。天主教会马切拉塔教区勒2011年1月24日开始对利玛窦神父列真福品进行审理。<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=5239 "Father Matteo Ricci's beatification cause reopened"]</cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/diocese_to_re-launch_beatification_cause_for_missionary_fr._matteo_ricci/ "Diocese to re-launch beatification cause for missionary Fr. Matteo Ricci"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/diocese_to_re-launch_beatification_cause_for_missionary_fr._matteo_ricci/ |date=20160118020311 }}</cite></ref>教区阶段个审理已於2013年5月10日完成，后续审理已於2014年已交至梵蒂冈。 == 相关纪念 == 以下[[场许]]以'''利玛窦'''个名义命名 [[File:Tomb_of_Matteo_Ricci.jpg|右|缩略图|利玛窦墓]] * 利玛窦与太平洋研究室，台湾国立中央图书馆 * 利玛窦堂<ref>http://www.hku.hk/ricci/</ref>，是[[香港大学]]个一所天主教男宿舍，1929年由耶稣会建立。 * 香港九龙华仁书院利玛窦楼 * 马尼拉典耀大学马泰奥利玛窦堂<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://rizal.lib.admu.edu.ph/matteo/ |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2012-12-21 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121221131035/http://rizal.lib.admu.edu.ph/matteo/ }}</ref> * 马泰奥利玛窦学院<ref>{{Cite web |title=web.mrck.edu.hk |url=http://web.mrck.edu.hk/ |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2013-05-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531015023/http://web.mrck.edu.hk/ }}</ref>，勒[[香港]][[九龙]] * 西雅图大学马泰奥利玛窦学院，<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www2.seattleu.edu/mrc/ |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2012-09-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911141945/http://www.seattleu.edu/mrc/ }}</ref> * 马泰奥利玛窦学院<ref>{{Cite web |title=首頁 landingpage |url=https://www.ricci.edu.mo/ |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=利瑪竇中學 |language=zh-TW}}</ref>，勒[[澳门]] * 利玛窦纪念高中，勒[[印度尼西亚]][[雅加达]] * 台湾利玛窦书院 * 澳门利玛窦书院<ref>[http://www.riccimac.org/ riccimac.org]</ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.riccimac.org/ "The Macau Ricci Institute 澳門利氏學社"]</cite></ref> * 旧金山大学利玛窦中西文化历史研究院<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.usfca.edu/ricci/ |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2010-02-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227103857/http://www.usfca.edu/ricci/ }}</ref> * 福特汉姆大学马泰奥利玛窦研讨会<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_r/opportunities_for_ex/matteo_ricci_seminar_76733.asp |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2014-10-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016035627/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_r/opportunities_for_ex/matteo_ricci_seminar_76733.asp }}</ref> * [[首尔]]西江大学利玛窦楼<ref name="hompi.sogang.ac.kr">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://hompi.sogang.ac.kr/goabroad/english/lifesogang/campus.htm |accessdate=2016-10-09 |archivedate=2009-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512153610/http://hompi.sogang.ac.kr/goabroad/english/lifesogang/campus.htm }}</ref> * 费尔菲尔德大学利玛窦楼 梵蒂冈博物馆勒利玛窦逝世400周年个辰光举办了大型纪念展览活动。意大利勒2009年拍摄了一部60分钟个关于利玛窦个纪录片《马泰奥利玛窦：耶稣会修士在中国》。<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.h2onews.org/english/51-culture/19749-h2onews.html "A Jesuit in the dragon's kingdom"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.h2onews.org/english/51-culture/19749-h2onews.html |date=20160118020312 }}</cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">Category: Focus: The Legacy of Matteo Ricci (2010-05-20). </cite></ref> 台湾利玛窦书院搭台湾国立中央图书馆利玛窦与太平洋研究室勒2010年6月发行特刊以纪念利玛窦逝世400周年，耶稣会修士魏明德为主编。<ref><cite class="citation web">Category: Focus: The Legacy of Matteo Ricci (2010-05-20). </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=665&Itemid=321&lang=en "June 2010"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=665&Itemid=321&lang=en |date=20160118020312 }}. www.eRenlai.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> [[File:Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg|缩略图|东亚地图，利玛窦，1602]] == 《天主个真谛》 == <span>勒《天主的真谛》一书裏向利玛窦声称儒学搭[[基督教]]并非对立，勒一眼关键概念浪具有相似性。利玛窦以此勒中国官员搭士大夫之间传教。迭种诠释也引起了俚搭其他[[耶稣会]]修士之间关于基督教信仰个争议。</span> 彼得潘认为耶稣会修士勒越南个传教当中使用仔《天主个真谛》。1631年两位耶稣会派遣至越南个传教士曾经勒[[河内]]分发《天主个真谛》一书。迭本书对于后期个新教传教士也有得一定影响。<ref><cite class="citation journal" id="CITEREFAlberts2012">Alberts, Tara (2012). </cite></ref> == 著作 == * 《耶稣会在中国个传教》 * 《坤舆万国全图》 * 《[[幾何原本]]》 == 参考文献 == {{reflist|2}} ==参见== *[[耶稣会]] *[[徐光启]] [[Category:耶稣会士]] l1ietvfkjs71x20juomshzvqqq9fny3 0 48513 401258 245255 2026-10-17T12:01:22Z 臥龍點睛 37641 /* */ 401258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雪暴'''（英语：Blizzard），也叫'''暴风雪'''、'''飞雪'''，-5℃以下大降水量[[天气]]个统称，外加伴有强烈个冷空气气流。 rivyfes75b5qw0b8ke08vuca4ipezcw 401261 401258 2026-10-17T14:40:18Z Jason2016426 43238 [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]：加着[[Category:天气]] 401261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雪暴'''（英语：Blizzard），也叫'''暴风雪'''、'''飞雪'''，-5℃以下大降水量[[天气]]个统称，外加伴有强烈个冷空气气流。 [[Category:天气]] 58gs0firb14zy13ycoy6db0nw33vkqi 401262 401261 2026-10-17T14:40:35Z Jason2016426 43238 [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]：加着[[Category:降水]] 401262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雪暴'''（英语：Blizzard），也叫'''暴风雪'''、'''飞雪'''，-5℃以下大降水量[[天气]]个统称，外加伴有强烈个冷空气气流。 [[Category:天气]] [[Category:降水]] rmjwzk8r1mgnc56yekyr5oe27p6wc53 401265 401262 2026-10-17T14:41:17Z Jason2016426 43238 // Edit via Wikiplus 401265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''雪暴'''（{{lsngx|en|Blizzard}}），也叫'''暴风雪'''、'''飞雪'''，-5℃以下大降水量[[天气]]个统称，外加伴有强烈个冷空气气流。 {{stub}} [[Category:天气]] [[Category:降水]] 6418gufqxgaoy3jwhxmfereredmj3uj 0 54317 401259 394728 2026-10-17T13:46:12Z Hgfrrr 265218 换sakura有的照片 401259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Miyawaki Sakura 190428.jpg|左|缩略图|248x248像素|宫胁咲良]] {{japanese|image=|japanese=宫脇 咲良|kana=みやわき さくら|romaji=Miyawaki Sakura}} {{Commonscat|Sakura Miyawaki}} '''宫胁咲良'''（日语：みやわき さくら Miyawaki Sakura，1998年3月19号 -），出生于[[日本]][[鹿儿岛县]]，[[HKT48]]一期生及核心成员，Team KIV副队长，[[IZ*ONE]]成员，[[HKT48]]成员。 {{bio stub}} [[分类:1998年生]] [[分类:日本歌手]] lc342l1x1l9hr335y7ctrhsz3sv35lb 401260 401259 2026-10-17T13:46:46Z Hgfrrr 265218 换有歌的照片 401260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Miyawaki Sakura 190428.jpg|左|缩略图|248x248像素]] {{japanese|image=|japanese=宫脇 咲良|kana=みやわき さくら|romaji=Miyawaki Sakura}} {{Commonscat|Sakura Miyawaki}} '''宫胁咲良'''（日语：みやわき さくら Miyawaki Sakura，1998年3月19号 -），出生于[[日本]][[鹿儿岛县]]，[[HKT48]]一期生及核心成员，Team KIV副队长，[[IZ*ONE]]成员，[[HKT48]]成员。 {{bio stub}} [[分类:1998年生]] [[分类:日本歌手]] l5vbkpd4hlbxec2b1zczm1g700vnnxg 401266 401260 2026-10-17T14:42:29Z Jason2016426 43238 取消[[Special:Contributions/Hgfrrr|Hgfrrr]]（[[User talk:Hgfrrr|讲张]]）个改动；恢复到[[User:Jason2016426|Jason2016426]]个阿末只版本 394728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{japanese|image=|japanese=宫脇 咲良|kana=みやわき さくら|romaji=Miyawaki Sakura}} {{Commonscat|Sakura Miyawaki}} '''宫胁咲良'''（日语：みやわき さくら Miyawaki Sakura，1998年3月19号 -），出生于[[日本]][[鹿儿岛县]]，[[HKT48]]一期生及核心成员，Team KIV副队长，[[IZ*ONE]]成员，[[HKT48]]成员。 {{bio stub}} [[分类:1998年生]] [[Category:日本女歌手]] reavhwds00tnientuccsjqfkw6zkqvo 401267 401266 2026-10-17T14:44:06Z Jason2016426 43238 // Edit via Wikiplus 401267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{japanese|image=|japanese=宫脇 咲良|kana=みやわき さくら|romaji=Miyawaki Sakura}} {{Commonscat|Sakura Miyawaki}} [[File:20230630 Miyawaki Sakura (LE SSERAFIM).jpg|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]] '''宫胁咲良'''（日语：みやわき さくら Miyawaki Sakura，{{bd|1998年|3月19号|}}），出生于[[日本]][[鹿儿岛县]]，[[HKT48]]一期生及核心成员，Team KIV副队长，[[IZ*ONE]]成员，[[HKT48]]成员。 {{bio stub}} [[分类:1998年出生]] [[分类:在世个人物]] [[Category:日本女歌手]] oh8avqmr814sg0qdadr76hyud757tek 401268 401267 2026-10-17T14:44:20Z Jason2016426 43238 // Edit via Wikiplus 401268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20230630 Miyawaki Sakura (LE SSERAFIM).jpg|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{japanese|image=|japanese=宫脇 咲良|kana=みやわき さくら|romaji=Miyawaki Sakura}} '''宫胁咲良'''（日语：みやわき さくら Miyawaki Sakura，{{bd|1998年|3月19号|}}），出生于[[日本]][[鹿儿岛县]]，[[HKT48]]一期生及核心成员，Team KIV副队长，[[IZ*ONE]]成员，[[HKT48]]成员。 {{bio stub}} [[分类:1998年出生]] [[分类:在世个人物]] [[Category:日本女歌手]] 4ny6o4w1zr2wk01k1evpadk7j1a7lh1 0 75476 401270 349036 2026-10-18T00:39:03Z Dostojewskij 28898 Category:1983年出生 401270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Felicity Jones (2016).jpg|thumb|菲丽希缇·琼斯]] '''菲丽希缇·罗丝·哈德利·琼斯'''（英语：Felicity Rose Hadley Jones，1983年10月17号－）是一位[[英国]]女演员，因拉《The Worst Witch》第一季搭续集《Weirdsister College》中学校欺负弱小者Ethel Hallow个角色而为电视观众所熟知。菲丽希缇出演了瑞奇·热维斯搭斯蒂芬·默切特个《陵园路口》。 [[Category:英格兰女演员]] [[Category:1983年出生]] 4oxt6vpv5gvgiaw1p49p8bi98xmxqkg 0 79490 401272 401049 2026-10-18T05:18:06Z InternetArchiveBot 83785 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 401272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand language|1=en|time=2023-02-17T04:01:00+00:00}} [[File:Smoke from the 2023 Ohio train derailment taken during the night, February 3.jpg|thumb|2月3号，俄亥俄州东巴勒斯坦个一名居民勒拉前院拍到个样子]] '''2023年俄亥俄州列车脱轨事故'''，指个是2023年2月3号晚头8点55分，一部有[[氯乙烯]]等危险化学品个货运列车勒拉[[美国]][[俄亥俄州]][[东巴勒斯坦]]脱轨哉，接下来伊爆炸哉<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/11/ohio-train-derailment-wake-up-call|title=Ohio catastrophe is 'wake-up call' to dangers of deadly train derailments|date=2023-02-11|website=The Guardian}}</ref>。事故列车是[[诺福克南方铁路]]32N货运列车<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://railroadfan.com/wiki/index.php/NS_Train_Symbols#:~:text=32N,IN,+&+Fairlane,+OH|title=NS Train Symbols – RailroadfanWiki|website=railroadfan.com}}</ref>，由141辆满载货运车厢、9辆空货运车厢搭3台机车组成，伊个辰光正好从[[伊利诺伊州]]个[[麦迪逊（伊利诺伊州）|麦迪逊]]开去[[宾夕法尼亚州]]个{{link-en|康威 (宾夕法尼亚州)|Conway, Pennsylvania|康威}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/what-caused-the-train-derailment/|title=What caused the derailment|website=wkbn.com|author=Jennifer Rodriguez|access-date=2023-02-08|quote=During the presser, Graham said the train was carrying 141 load cars, nine empty cars and three locomotives, which are used to pull the train.|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120700/https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/what-caused-the-train-derailment/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-08|title=What caused the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment?|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/what-caused-the-train-derailment/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208120700/https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/what-caused-the-train-derailment/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=After the Ohio Train Derailment: Evacuations, Toxic Chemicals and Water Worries|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/ohio-train-derailment.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2023-02-15|accessdate=2023-02-16|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Christine|last=Hauser}}</ref>。 箇趟脱轨导致一场持续几天个火灾。为防止进一步个爆炸，紧急救援人员进行有毒化学物质个“可控释放”搭燃烧，勒拉2月6日讲伊拉拿伊控制成“可控燃烧”。燃烧拿有害气体[[氯化氢]]搭[[光气]]释放到空气当中<ref name="guardian" />。事发现场方圆1.6[[公里]]里向个居民侪畀疏散。目前还呒没相关个人员伤亡报告。 == 脱轨 == [[美国东部辰光]]2023年2月3号夜头8点55分左右，约码子50节车厢勒拉[[东巴勒斯坦]]，俄亥俄州搭[[宾夕法尼亚州]]边界附近脱轨。箇面有差弗多4,700名居民。141节车厢当中个20节运个是危险品，当中14节运个是[[氯乙烯]]<ref name="abc7news.com">{{Cite web|date=2023-02-04|title=50-car train derailment sparks massive fire, mandatory evacuation order in Ohio|url=https://abc7news.com/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-fire-news/12769727/|website=ABC7 San Francisco}}</ref>。2023年2月13号个辰光讲，发现[[乙二醇单丁醚]]、[[丙烯酸乙基己酯]]搭[[异丁烯]]三种危险化学物质<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kankanews.com/detail/dZ2e83RxjwR|title=致癌！俄亥俄脱轨火车上新发现三种有害化学物质|publisher=看看新闻}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/3856043-3-more-chemicals-discovered-in-ohio-train-derailment/|title=3 more chemicals discovered in Ohio train derailment|publisher=[[国会山报]]The Hill}}</ref>。后些来又发现其他个化学品，包括易燃液体、[[丙烯酸丁酯]]同[[苯]]残留物<ref>{{Cite web|title=Norfolk Southern releases list of chemicals carried by derailed train|url=https://www.wfmj.com/story/48313434/norfolk-southern-releases-list-of-chemicals-carried-by-derailed-train|website=www.wfmj.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084739/https://www.wfmj.com/story/48313434/norfolk-southern-releases-list-of-chemicals-carried-by-derailed-train|archivedate=2023-02-07|accessdate=2023-02-17}}</ref>。 差弗多两天以后，[[国家运输安全委员会]]讲初步发现，脱轨是因为当中一节车厢个车轴出现机械问题<ref>{{Cite web|title=NTSB confirms rail car axle issue caused Norfolk Southern train derailment|url=https://www.wfmj.com/story/48313339/ntsb-confirms-rail-car-axle-issue-caused-norfolk-southern-train-derailment|website=www.wfmj.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084734/https://www.wfmj.com/story/48313339/ntsb-confirms-rail-car-axle-issue-caused-norfolk-southern-train-derailment|archivedate=2023-02-07|accessdate=2023-02-17}}</ref>。 2月23号，美国官员表示，列车脱轨可能是因为当中一部送[[聚丙烯]]个车子伊个[[轴承]]过热<ref>{{cite news |title=调查发现Norfolk火车在俄亥俄州脱轨前车轮轴承过热 |url=https://cn.wsj.com/articles/%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0norfolk%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E5%9C%A8%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E%E8%84%B1%E8%BD%A8%E5%89%8D%E8%BD%A6%E8%BD%AE%E8%BD%B4%E6%89%BF%E8%BF%87%E7%83%AD-2054928b}}</ref>。 == 应急响应 == [[File:Smoke from the fire on the night of the accident (longer video).webm|thumb|失火个辰光个视频]] 来自多個州个近70家应急机构畀动员起来<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=Train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, prompts urgent evacuations within one-mile radius|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/live-updates/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-hazardous-materials-ntsb-evacuations/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084732/https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/live-updates/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-hazardous-materials-ntsb-evacuations/}}</ref>，东巴勒斯坦市长特伦特·康纳韦宣布进入紧急状态<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=East Palestine Ohio train derailment today: Evacuation order in place after train accident sparks massive fire - ABC7 San Francisco|url=https://abc7news.com/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-fire-news/12769727/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084737/https://abc7news.com/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-fire-news/12769727/}}</ref>。 诺福克南方公司个人员勒拉2月3号头一個做出反应<ref>{{Cite web|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-16|website=response.epa.gov}}</ref>。2月4号，他们装浪围栏搭底流坝，分离漂拉个污染物。美国环境保护局（EPA）勒拉2月3日也开始监测空气质量。根据美国环保局个讲法，人好嗅着浓度比筛查水平低个丙烯酸丁酯<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220701/https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933}}</ref>。 2月5号，因为一节火车车厢个温度发生变化，加之火还呒没烊脱，大家开始担心爆炸<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=Controlled chemical release scheduled to prevent explosion in wake of Ohio train derailment|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/explosion-possible-wake-ohio-train-derailment-involving-hazardous-mate-rcna69243|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084734/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/explosion-possible-wake-ohio-train-derailment-involving-hazardous-mate-rcna69243}}</ref>。俄亥俄州州长迈克·德温下令强制疏散方圆一[[英里]]里向个所有居民，启动俄亥俄州国民警卫队协助地方当局<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=Slowly releasing chemicals from the derailed train in Ohio could prevent an explosion {{!}} 90.5 WESA|url=https://www.wesa.fm/2023-02-06/slowly-releasing-chemicals-from-the-derailed-train-in-ohio-could-prevent-an-explosion|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084734/https://www.wesa.fm/2023-02-06/slowly-releasing-chemicals-from-the-derailed-train-in-ohio-could-prevent-an-explosion}}</ref>，宾夕法尼亚州州长乔什·夏皮罗也下令比弗县附近地区个人会得畀疏散<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=Train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, prompts urgent evacuations within one-mile radius|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/live-updates/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-hazardous-materials-ntsb-evacuations/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084732/https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/live-updates/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-hazardous-materials-ntsb-evacuations/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=East Palestine, Ohio train derailment, evacuation not mandatory|url=https://www.wtrf.com/news/ohio-headlines/state-of-emergency-declared-by-mayor-after-train-derailment-leads-to-fire-explosion/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084737/https://www.wtrf.com/news/ohio-headlines/state-of-emergency-declared-by-mayor-after-train-derailment-leads-to-fire-explosion/}}</ref>。火一直烧到2月5号<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220701/https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933}}</ref>。 2月6号，为了防止进一步个爆炸，诺福克南部应急小组对五罐氯乙烯进行了控制释放搭燃烧<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://response.epa.gov/sites/15933/files/Norfolk%20Southern%20East%20Palestine%20Train%20Derailment%20General%20Notice%20Letter%202.10.2023.pdf|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213092625/https://response.epa.gov/sites/15933/files/Norfolk%20Southern%20East%20Palestine%20Train%20Derailment%20General%20Notice%20Letter%202.10.2023.pdf}}</ref>。燃烧导致箇面形成乌云，光气搭氯化氢畀释放到空气当中<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Ohio train derailment: Fears continue over chemical spill {{!}} The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/train-derailment-ohio-palestine-chemicals-b2281306.html|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213190940/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/train-derailment-ohio-palestine-chemicals-b2281306.html}}</ref>。虽然官员们讲空气质量正常，但附近马宁县搭特鲁姆布尔县个居民讲，伊拉拉嘿个地区有化学气味。扬斯敦地区官方建议居民憕拉室内<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-07|title=‘Shelter in place’: Officials advising Valley residents stay indoors|url=https://www.wytv.com/news/local-news/shelter-in-place-officials-advising-valley-residents-stay-indoors/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=WYTV|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207084735/https://www.wytv.com/news/local-news/shelter-in-place-officials-advising-valley-residents-stay-indoors/}}</ref>。2月7号到8号，空气监测显示，空气里向个挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）增加，颗粒物增加<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220701/https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933}}</ref>。 2月8号，州同联邦环保局个工作人员发现土浪个油污溢出，并通知诺福克南方公司。伊拉开始用[[真空卡车]]清除油污<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220701/https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933}}</ref>。 2月9号，美国环保局报告疏散区个空气已经恢复到正常水平，疏散也畀解除<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Air near Ohio derailment safe for residents to return home {{!}} AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-ohio-climate-and-environment-business-evacuations-e7a9c9db57561fceb3224546c872fd58|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213055043/https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-ohio-climate-and-environment-business-evacuations-e7a9c9db57561fceb3224546c872fd58}}</ref>。俄亥俄州环保局报告讲，饮用水是安全个。勒拉2月8号个测试报告当中，俄亥俄州环保局表示呒没拉水里向发现氯乙烯、苯、氯化有机化合物或者其他挥发性有机化合物<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=East Palestine water quality testing continues|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/east-palestine-water-quality-testing-continues/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=WKBN.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214012618/https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/east-palestine-water-quality-testing-continues/}}</ref>。 2月16号，州长[[迈克·德温]]要求增加援助<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/ohio-senators-press-biden-administration-and-governor-for-action-in-wake-of-train-derailment/ar-AA17A01C Biden administration vows accountability over train derailment as Ohio senators press for action]</ref>。 2月25号，美国环境保护署下令要求诺福克南方公司暂停从俄亥俄州东巴勒斯坦向外运输箇趟脱轨事故产生个废弃物<ref>[https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gjxw/content/2023-02/26/content_8479580.htm 美环保署暂停从事发地向外运输“毒列车”事故产生的废弃物]</ref>。勒拉27号个辰光恢复伊个运输。废弃物畀送到俄亥俄州个两個地方进行处理<ref>{{cite news |title=美俄亥俄州火车脱轨事故产生的废弃物运输将于27日恢复 |url=https://m.huanqiu.com/article/4BrzDDCF1My}}</ref>。 == 控诉 == 2月8号开始，受到影响个企业同当地居民对诺福克南方铁路提起至少四桩集体诉讼<ref>{{cite news |title=美国俄亥俄火车脱轨事件引发小镇居民对有毒物质的恐惧 |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-64659573 |work=BBC |date=2023-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-08|title=Class action lawsuits filed against Norfolk Southern for East Palestine derailment|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-norfolk-southern-for-east-palestine-derailment/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=WKBN.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209091336/https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-norfolk-southern-for-east-palestine-derailment/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-09|title=Class action lawsuit filed in train derailment, controlled chemical release in East Palestine|url=https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/multiple-people-suing-norfolk-southern-alleged-negligence-east-palestine-train-derailment/ARP6QLG2XNEPFNVJ5MYWVIZHAM/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=WPXI|language=en}}</ref>，有个还要求箇家公司支付居拉出轨地方附近30英里里向个人个医疗筛查搭治疗费<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Lawsuit seeks medical testing after East Palestine train derailment|url=https://www.wtae.com/article/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-medical-testing-lawsuit/42829208|access-date=2023-02-16|website=WTAE|language=en}}</ref>。诺福克南方铁路公司畀当地人1000美元同疏散有关个钞票<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-15|title=In Ohio Town Where Train Derailed, Anxiety and Distrust Are Running Deep - The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/15/us/ohio-train-derailment-anxiety.html|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215212120/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/15/us/ohio-train-derailment-anxiety.html}}</ref>，但是大家并弗买账，对水质个安全也表示担忧<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/east-palestine-residents-demand-answers-97315014|access-date=2023-02-19|title=East Palestine residents demand answers}}</ref>。还有居民担心，接受箇1000美元个补偿会得限制伊拉参加未来法律诉讼个能力<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-15|title=In Ohio Town Where Train Derailed, Anxiety and Distrust Are Running Deep - The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/15/us/ohio-train-derailment-anxiety.html|access-date=2023-02-16|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2023-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215212120/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/15/us/ohio-train-derailment-anxiety.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>。 2月25号，俄亥俄州一家律师事务所宣布，伊代表当地居民就火车脱轨箇桩事体对诺福克南方铁路提出集体诉讼<ref>{{cite news |title=俄亥俄州火车脱轨 居民对铁路公司提集体诉讼 |url=https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/23/2/24/n13937561.htm}}</ref>。 == 影响 == [[File:Air monitoring device in East Palestine, Ohio (Uva9Xup).jpg|缩略图|事故现场附近个空气监测装置]] 火车脱轨事件再次引发了全国范围内对行业工作条件搭安全问题个讨论，比方讲缺乏现代制动安全法规同实施精确定位铁路（PSR），每列火车浪个铁路工人减少交关，增加火车长度同重量等等<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-09|title=Rail Companies Blocked Safety Rules Before Ohio Derailment|url=https://www.levernews.com/rail-companies-blocked-safety-rules-before-ohio-derailment/|access-date=2023-02-16|website=The Lever|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rail Workers Blame Fiery Train Crash in Ohio on Wall Street Profit-Seeking|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/rail-workers-wall-street|access-date=2023-02-16|website=www.commondreams.org|language=en}}</ref>。批评人士讲，火车公司呒没勒拉火车维护浪投资一定个钞票，让箇趟事故弗发生<ref>{{Cite web|title=“Bomb Train” in Ohio Sickens Residents After Railroad Cutbacks, Corporate Greed Led to Toxic Disaster|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2023/2/14/east_palestine_ohio_train_crash|access-date=2023-02-16|website=Democracy Now!|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Release: Fiery Ohio Train Wreck the Result of "PSR"|url=https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Press-Release--Fiery-Ohio-Train-Wreck-the-Result-of--PSR-.html?soid=1116509035139&aid=RspHKqRlJkg|access-date=2023-02-16|website=Railroad Workers United|language=en-US}}</ref>。 === 潜在个健康危害 === 交交关关小囡生毛病或者宠物同野生动物死脱个报告勒拉网浪传开哉<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-10|title=Ohio train derailment: environmental disaster quietly unfolding|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90848025/ohio-train-derailment-toxic-chemicals-pvc-spill-fire-disaster|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210170510/https://www.fastcompany.com/90848025/ohio-train-derailment-toxic-chemicals-pvc-spill-fire-disaster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-10|title=Taylor Holzer worries for animals' health following East Palestine Ohio train derailment|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/health-concerns-mounting-as-animals-become-sick-after-train-derailment/|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210170510/https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/east-palestine-train-derailment/health-concerns-mounting-as-animals-become-sick-after-train-derailment/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-10|title=Wary residents return home after toxic train derailment {{!}} AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/evacuations-ohio-pennsylvania-climate-and-environment-9fc6adc154daa5b8245380b7067dc6d7|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210170509/https://apnews.com/article/evacuations-ohio-pennsylvania-climate-and-environment-9fc6adc154daa5b8245380b7067dc6d7}}</ref>。排水沟里向也检测出箇趟脱轨释放个物事，并勒拉几条河浜，特别是[[俄亥俄河]]，里向检测到箇些物事。应急响应人员勒拉评估伊拉对水生生物个潜在影响<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://response.epa.gov/sites/15933/files/Norfolk%20Southern%20East%20Palestine%20Train%20Derailment%20General%20Notice%20Letter%202.10.2023.pdf|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213092625/https://response.epa.gov/sites/15933/files/Norfolk%20Southern%20East%20Palestine%20Train%20Derailment%20General%20Notice%20Letter%202.10.2023.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Site Profile - East Palestine Train Derailment - EPA OSC Response|url=https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220701/https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=15933}}</ref>。 俄亥俄州自然资源部讲，到2023年2月8号，化学品泄漏导致7.5英里河浜里向将近3500条鱼死脱<ref>{{Cite web|title=Residents near Ohio train derailment report dead fish and chickens as authorities say it's safe to return|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/residents-ohio-train-derailment-report-dead-fish-chickens-rcna70378|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref>。 [[卡内基梅隆大学]]个化学教授尼尔·多纳休对氯乙烯燃烧过程当中可能释放个二𫫇英表示担忧，因为气态污染物勒拉空气中会得咾快散脱，但[[二𫫇英]]是持久性个<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Toxic gases connected to Ohio train derailment cause concern {{!}} AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/rail-accidents-evacuations-ohio-health-climate-and-environment-3f84663f0b97837cc74a8ce9a50ef6c7|access-date=2023-02-15|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213065450/https://apnews.com/article/rail-accidents-evacuations-ohio-health-climate-and-environment-3f84663f0b97837cc74a8ce9a50ef6c7}}</ref>。 2月15号，俄亥俄州州长[[迈克·德温]]跟[[有线电视新闻网]]讲，伊高度建议东巴勒斯坦附近个居民，勒拉水质完全检测有最终个结果前，继续喫瓶装水<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2023/02/15/the-lead-jason-carroll.cnn|title=East Palestine, Ohio residents question the safety of their water and air in the wake of a train derailment and fire}}</ref>。还有州议员问环境保护署局长[[迈克·里根]]啊愿意直接喫东巴勒斯坦个饮用水，得到否认个回答<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/jd-vance-challenges-biden-epa-administrator-drink-contaminated-ohio-water-claims-safe|title=JD Vance challenges Biden's EPA admin to drink potentially contaminated Ohio water if he claims it's safe|work=Fox News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/epa-administrator-michael-regan-heads-to-east-palestine-in-wake-of-train-derailment/|title= EPA Administrator Michael Regan tells East Palestine residents air and water are safe - CBS Pittsburgh|work=CBS News|language=en}}</ref>。 2月16号，俄亥俄州共和党参议员杰德·万斯勒拉事故现场视察，发现事故附近个水里向有交交关关死鱼死虫。伊拿箇桩事体拍只视频发拉Twitter浪。肯特州立大学教授库尔迪普·辛格（Kuldeep Singh）判断，事故个化学物质可能已经污染地下水哉<ref name="beaconjournal01">{{cite news |author1=Emily Mills |author2=Saleen Martin |title=Professor: Oily sheen on East Palestine creek behaving like vinyl chloride |url=https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/local/2023/02/18/east-palestine-ohip-creek-water-oily-sheen-train-derailment-jd-vance-video/69915496007/ |accessdate=2023-02-18 |work={{link-en|艾克隆燈塔日報|Akron Beacon Journal}} |date=2023-02-18 |language=en}}</ref>。 2月19号，貤有俄亥俄州议员勒拉接受有线电视新闻网连线个辰光表示，伊现在弗大愿意喫箇个水，现在个目标是四五年里向拿箇个饮用水个问题先解决脱<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2023/02/19/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-water-safe-sherrod-brown-sotu-brown-vpx.cnn|title=CNN anchor asks Ohio lawmaker if he would drink the water in East Palestine|language=en-US|work=有线电视新闻网}}</ref>。 === 逮捕记者 === 2月8日，勒拉俄亥俄州州长迈克·德温新闻发布会后，NewsNation个记者埃文·兰伯特（Evan Lambert）勒拉同一個体育馆里向进行新闻广播。箇个辰光，伊畀俄亥俄州公路巡警队个2名州警搭俄亥俄州副官部个小约翰·C·哈里斯（John C.Harris Jr.）少将靠近，警告伊覅瞎叫八叫。<ref>{{Cite web|date=6:44 PM EST February 9, 2023|title=Body camera video reveals moments leading up to viral arrest of NewsNation reporter at East Palestine briefing|url=https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/local/ohio/east-palestine-police-ohio-adjutant-general-felt-threatened-reporter-press-conference-arrest/95-48a9f0dc-621f-49e1-98e3-65dee53cb9ba|access-date=2023-02-15|website=wkyc.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=East Palestine police: Ohio Adjutant General felt threatened by reporter before viral presser arrest|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lH2my7OYU4|accessdate=2023-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>。伊拒绝以后，畀捉脱，带出体育馆<ref>{{Cite news|title=Reporter Arrested While Covering News Conference in Ohio|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/us/ohio-train-derailment-reporter-arrested.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2023-02-09|accessdate=2023-02-15|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Eduardo|last=Medina}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=NewsNation reporter arrested during Ohio news conference|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiEsC_xB3Bo|accessdate=2023-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>，畀指控犯有非法侵入罪搭扰乱治安罪。伊天晏些辰光，伊畀放脱<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-09|title=NewsNation Reporter Arrested At Ohio Governor's Press Conference|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/cops-arrest-newsnation-reporter-ohio_n_63e466cfe4b07f036b9a7461|access-date=2023-02-15|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Lambert: 'No journalist expects to be arrested when you're doing your job' {{!}} Banfield|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFhBmPiHU3g|accessdate=2023-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>。第二天，州长迈克·德温批评当地对媒体个阻挠<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-09|title=NewsNation reporter arrested during Gov. Mike DeWine's press conference in East Palestine|url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/newsnation-reporter-arrested-during-gov-mike-dewines-press-conference-in-east-palestine|access-date=2023-02-15|website=News 5 Cleveland WEWS|language=en}}</ref>。 2月15号，俄亥俄州总检察长表示立案撤销哉<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsnationnow.com/us-news/midwest/charges-filed-against-newsnation-reporter-dropped/|title=charges filed against newsnation reporter dropped|accessdate=2023-02-17|archivedate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217020132/https://www.newsnationnow.com/us-news/midwest/charges-filed-against-newsnation-reporter-dropped/}}</ref>。 ===政治争议=== 2月14号，美国运输部长，民主党个彼得·布蒂吉格，勒拉推特浪发表看法，拿事故怪拉前总统[[唐纳德·特朗普]]废脱些相关个安全条例浪。箇个看法畀共和党个人批评唻蛮结棍个<ref>{{cite news |author1=Virginia Aabram |title=Ohio train derailment: Vance tells Buttigieg to ‘stop blaming Donald Trump’ for chemical disaster |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/senate/vance-tells-buttigieg-stop-blaming-trump |accessdate=2023-02-18 |work=[[華盛頓檢查者報]] |date=2023-02-16 |language=en}}</ref>。 2月22号，美国前总统[[唐纳德·特朗普]]来到东巴勒斯坦镇，批评拜登政府背叛美国人民<ref>{{cite news |title=特朗普造访俄亥俄州 痛批拜登政府“背叛”美国人民 |url=http://www.takungpao.com/news/232111/2023/0223/821590.html |accessdate=2023-03-01 |archivedate=2023-03-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315082731/http://www.takungpao.com/news/232111/2023/0223/821590.html }}</ref>。伊还带拉14000瓶“特朗普牌矿泉水”发畀当地人<ref>{{cite news |title=全部遇难！美国5名环境顾问前往俄亥俄州时坠机！特朗普访问“毒列车”事发地，带了1.4万瓶“特朗普牌矿泉水” |url=https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2023-02-23/2681490.html}}</ref>。 2月24号，美国总统[[乔·拜登|拜登]]表示，勒拉伊准备去乌克兰搭波兰前，并呒没人请伊去视察东巴勒斯坦镇事故现场<ref>{{cite news |title=拜登称最初没人请求他访问俄亥俄州“毒列车”事故发生地 |url=https://k.sina.com.cn/article_1784473157_6a5ce64502002oes8.html}}</ref>。箇咾东巴勒斯坦镇镇长[[肏铲]]拜登，讲伊弗关心畀事故影响个美国公民，反过来跑去乌克兰<ref>{{cite news |title=俄亥俄淪黨爭戰場 受害居民無助 |url=https://www.tkww.hk/epaper/view/newsDetail/1628473809369698304.html}}</ref>。 ===第二次俄亥俄州列车脱轨=== 2023年3月4号，又有一部[[诺福克南方铁路]]个火车勒拉[[俄亥俄州]][[斯普林菲尔德（俄亥俄州）|斯普林菲尔德]]附近脱轨<ref name="nyt_3.5.23">{{cite news |last1=Medina |first1=Eduardo |last2=Fahy |first2=Claire |title=A Second Norfolk Southern Train Derails in Ohio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/05/us/ohio-train-derailment.html |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=5 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Medina |first=Eduardo |last2=Fahy |first2=Claire |date=2023-03-05 |title=A Second Norfolk Southern Train Derails in Ohio |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/05/us/ohio-train-derailment.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 。铁路公司方面表示，火车呒没运啥个危险化学品。2023年3月5号，箇家公司发布一份声明，表示箇部212节车厢个列车里向有28节车厢脱轨，修改伊顶早发个报告<ref name="nyt_3.5.23"/>。报告里还表示，列车上个乘务员呒没受伤<ref name="nyt_3.5.23"/>。俄亥俄州参议员谢罗德·布朗勒拉接受[[彭博新闻社|彭博社]]采访个辰光表示，箇两趟脱轨侪是“弗好接受个”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Shiyin |title=Second Norfolk Southern Train Derails in Ohio in a Month |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-05/norfolk-southern-train-derails-in-ohio-second-incident-in-weeks?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=Bloomberg |date=4 March 2023}}</ref>。脱轨个原因还呒没调查出来<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olson |first1=Emily |title=Another Norfolk Southern train derails in Ohio |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/03/06/1161262824/train-derailment-springfield-ohio |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=NPR |date=6 March 2023}}</ref>。 ==参考文献== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:2023年]] [[Category:俄亥俄州]] 7xka4mpncqk7snrnvoatbydfd5qq3uc 0 99899 401273 400416 2026-10-18T08:06:22Z Htmlzycq 24745 401273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox | Name = | NameEn = | ImageFile = Hydroxyterephthalic acid.svg | IUPACName = | IUPACNameZh = | OtherNames = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 636-94-2 | CASNo_Ref = | PubChem = 97257 | SMILES =C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | C=8 | H=6 | O=5 | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | Autoignition = }} }} '''{{PAGENAME}}'''（{{langx|en|hydroxyterephthalic acid}}，缩写'''HTA'''）是一种[[芳香族]]有机化合物，[[结构简式]][[C8H6O5|HOC₆H₃(COOH)₂]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bubacz |first1=K. |last2=Kusiak-Nejman |first2=E. |last3=Tryba |first3=B. |last4=Morawski |first4=A.W. |title=Investigation of OH radicals formation on the surface of TiO2/N photocatalyst at the presence of terephthalic acid solution. Estimation of optimal conditions |journal=Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry |date=2013-06 |volume=261 |pages=7–11 |doi=10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.04.003}}</ref>，勒垃[[睡菜]]（''Menyanthes trifoliata''）、[[黃龍膽]]（''Gentiana lutea''）、[[日本鬼燈檠]]（''Centaurium erythraea''）咾啥个多种植物里向有得箇种物事<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hatjimanoli |first1=M |last2=Favre-Bonvin |first2=J |last3=Kaouadji |first3=M |last4=Mariotte |first4=AM |title=Monohydroxy- and 2,5-Dihydroxy Terephthalic Acids, Two Unusual Phenolics Isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Identified in Other Gentianaceae Members. |journal=Journal of natural products |date=1988-09 |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=977-80 |doi=10.1021/np50059a030 |pmid=21401183}}</ref>。 ==参考文献== {{reflist}} {{化学小作品}} [[分类:酚酸]] 9uzn67pau36h1a95gd1j93y9hgnli92 0 100135 401263 2026-10-17T14:40:49Z Jason2016426 43238 将[[暴风雪]]重定向至[[雪暴]] // Wikiplus 401263 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[雪暴]] chnprcr4mxvoiikv4g9n16w6hltdpa1 0 100136 401264 2026-10-17T14:41:00Z Jason2016426 43238 将[[飞雪]]重定向至[[雪暴]] // Wikiplus 401264 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[雪暴]] chnprcr4mxvoiikv4g9n16w6hltdpa1 14 100137 401269 2026-10-17T14:45:18Z Jason2016426 43238 新页面：“[[Category:1998年]] [[Category:1990年代出生]]” 401269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:1998年]] [[Category:1990年代出生]] 4slo07tgejev88yf7o4998813lhpnqm