Wikipedia xhwiki https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter iMedia Mahluko Ingxoxo Ilungu Ingxoxo nelungu Wikipedia Ingxoxo ngeWikipedia Ngokweenkcukacha Ingxoxo ngokweenkcukacha iMediaWiki Ingxoxo ngeMediaWiki iThemplethi Ingxoxo yethemplethi Uncedo Ingxoxo ngoncedo Uluhlu Ingxoxo ngoluhlu TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9049 40591 2026-05-26T09:50:43Z Thembeka Radebe1 16046 Created Article 40591 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imbali Yobomi == '''UBessie Amelia Emery Head (1937–1986)''' UBassie Head wayengomnye wababhali ababalulekileyo awakhiwa nguMazantsi eAfrika, kwaye wayengomnye wabanzima ukubekwa kwindawo ethile.Wazalelwa e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] ngexesha lo[[:en:Apartheid|Calucalu,]] wabekwa phantsi koluhlu ‘Lwabangombala’ (Coloured) phantsi kwemithetho yobuhlanga yelo lizwe, wagxithwa waya e[[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] kwisiqingathama sesibini sobomi bakhe, kwaye ekugqibeleni wanikwa ubomibaseBotswana kwiminyaka esixhenxe kuphela ngaphambi kokubhubha kwakhe, wayengowayo yonke indawo kwaye engeyondawo.Inoveli zamakhe kunye namabali amafutshane azoba kule meko yokungabi nendawo ukuze avelise umthombo wemisebenzi osondeleyo ngaxeshanye, nobufilosofi,kwaye ikhangele kwezopolitiko.Ngoku uthathwa ngokubanzi njengoyena mbali ubalulekileyo waseBotswana kwaye ungumntu ophambili kuluhlu lweencwadi zaseAfrika.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head</ref> === Ubomi Bokuqala === Wazalwa enguBassie Amelia Emery nge-6 kaJulayi 1937 kwiziko leNgqondo lase Fort Napier e[[:en:Pietermaritzburg|Pietermaritzburg]].Limiko lokuzalwa ziya kuliya ubomi bakhe bonke.Unina wakhe, uBessie Amelia "uToby" Emery,wayengumfazi omhlophe waseMzantsi Afrika onemvelaphi yaseSkotlani (Scottish) owayevalelwe eFort Napier;Utata wakhe kuthiwa wayengumsebenzi wesitali omnyama. Phantsi koMthetho wokungavumeleki kwezothando Phakathi kweentlanga ([[:en:Immorality_Act|Immorality Act]]),ubuhlobo obuvelisa uBassie yayilityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.Usana lwasuswa kunina lwaza lwanikwa usapho olundulukileyo.Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini yokuqala yobomi bakhe wayekholelwa ukuba aba bazali bokugcina bangabakhe.Xa ukugcinwa kwabazali bokugcina kwaphela, wafuduselwa kwikhaya laseSt Monica’s lamantombazana angawombala (coloured),isikolo-ebhodini samaTshetshi eThekwini. Kwakulapho, esengumntwanaweminyaka elishumi elinesibini, awathi waxelelwa inyaniso ngemvelaphi yakhe—ububa umama wakhe wayemhlophe, kwaye umama wakhe wayebekwe njengegeza,ukuba utata wakhe wayemnyama, nakuba yena ngokwakhe wayeyimveliso engekho mthethweni yomanyano lwabo.Olu lwaziso lwamphawula okwintsalela yobomi bakhe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bessie Amelia Head {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/bessie-amelia-head|accessdate=2026-05-26|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}</ref> === Ikhondo Lomsebenzi === Waziqeqeshela ukuba ngutitshala wesikolo samabanga aphantsi waza wafundisa okwethutyana eThekwini.Wafumanisa ukuba ukufundisa kwakungahambelani nobuntu bakhe, kwaye ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 wafudekela [[IKapa|eKapa]] emva koko waya eRhawutini ([[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]]), apho wasebenza khona njengentatheli kwiphephandaba i''Drum'' nakwi''Golden City Post''. ERhawutini wadibana nesiphithiphithi soncwadi nezopolitiko zasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950—ihlabathi lababhali abanjengo-[[Es'kia Mphahlele]], uCan Themba, noLewis Nkosi — kwaye waqalisa ukubhala iintsomi zakhe.NgoSeptemba 1961 watshata nentatheli uHarold Head, kwaye unyana, uHoward, wazalelwa ngonyaka olandelayo.<ref>https://ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/bessie-head</ref> === Ukugxothwa Kwelakwabo === Umtshato awuzange uhlale. Ngo-1964, umtshato wakhe wawusaqhekeka, imisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko yayigadwe, waye urhulumente wocalucalu wayevalela zonke iindlela zokugcinga ezizimeleyo zabantsundu, uHead wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye uMzantsi Afrika. Wathatha iphepha mvume lokuphuma—Oluxwebhu lwendlela eya ngakwicala elinye olwathayathwa ngabakwaJordan kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambili—kwaye wahamba nonyana omncinci waya kwi-[[:en:Bechuanaland_(House_of_Assembly_of_South_Africa_constituency)|Bachuanaland]] Protectorate,eyayiza ukuba yiRiphabhlikhi ezimeleyo yaseBotswana kungekudala.Wazinza eSerowe, ikomkhulu eliyimbali labantu baseBamangwato, apho wayezeka kuhlala khona okwintsalela yobomi bakhe.<ref>https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/bessie-head</ref> Iminyaka yokuqala eSorowe yayinzima ngokungaqhelekanga. Wayengenamali engenabumi, kwaye engenasimilo sokuphila esizinzileyo.Wayesebenza kwiprojkthi yophuhliso kaPatric van Rensburg yaseSwaneng Hill, eyayidibanisa imfundo nezolimo ngentsebenziswano, kwaye waqalisa inoveli eyayiza kuba yile ethi-''[[:en:When_Rain_Clouds_Gather|When Rain Clouds Gather]]''. Yapapashwa ngo-1968 nguGollancz eLondon nango Simon & Schuster e[[INyuyokhu|New York]],le noveli yaba yimpumelelo kwangoko.Ibekwe kwilali yaseBotswana eyintsomi yase Golema Mmidi, ilandelisa umbhali osweleke eMzantsi Afrika ngenxa yezopolitiko ofumana, kwizingqino zomsebenzi wezolimo kunye nobomi belali,ithuba lokuzakha kwakhona.Yinoveli enamalunga nokugxothwa, emalunga nokubuyiselwa kwesidima,kwayo emalunga nomsebenzi wentsebenziswano wokwakha uluntu ngaphaya kweyantlukwano.<ref>https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/graduate/Why-do-I-write/9939109507691</ref> ''uMaru'' walandela ngo-1971 — inoveli emfushane, enomfuziselo ngakumbi malunga emeko yobuhlanga baseBaswara (San) kuluntu lwaseBotswana,ethathwe kumava kaHead ngokwakhe wokuphathwa njengomntu ophantsi ngenxa yenkangeleko yakhe.Emva kokongo-1973 kwafika i''[[:en:A_Question_of_Power|Question of Power]],'' eyona noveli inamabhongo kwaye ibuhlungu kakhulu kuzo zonke iinoveli zakhe.Yingxelo eyintsomi yokuphazamiseka okukhulu uHead awakhe wafumana eSorowe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1960,uhambo oluya ekuwohlokeni kwegqondo kunye nokuchacha okucothayo. Le noveli yahlukile kuyo yonke enye incwadi yaseAfrika yaloxesha  inombono, iyothusa, iyezwakalizwi, kwaye inobuntu obungqongqo.Yamenza wamiselwa njengombali onobunzulu bokwenenebefilosofi.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head</ref> Ngo-1977 wapapasha incwadi ethi, Umqokeleli weGugu (''The Collector of Treasures)'', ingqokelela yamabali amafutshane asekelwe kwizithethe zomlomo kunye nobomibeli xesha laseSorowe,uninzi lwazo lwalunxulumene nobomi babasetyhini kunye nokusilela kwamadoda. i''Serowe: Village of the Rain Wind'' (1981) yayingumsebenzi wembali yelali owaqokelelwa kudliwano-ndlebe nabahlali baseSerowe ngokwabo  —isenzo sokubuyisela imbali evela ezantsi. Incwadi yokugqibela ayigqiba, i-''A Bewitched Crossroad'' (1984),yajikela kwimbali ende yamaBamangwato kunye nokuhlangana kwamakholoni.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Head</ref> UHead wafaka isicelo sobumi baseBotswana ngo-1977. Wakhatywa.Obumi ekugqibeleni bwanikwa ngo-1979.Uninzi lobomi bakhe obudala, ngokobuchwephesha, wayengenasizwe.Wabhala ngeemvakalelo namalunga nemeko yokugxothwa kunye neendleko zobuntu zemida.<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/people/bessie-amelia-head</ref> === Ilifa === Wasweleka eSerowe nge-17 ka-Epreli 1986, ngenxa yesifo se-hepatitis, eneminyaka engamashumi amane nesibhozo ubudala.Wayesele eqala ukuqatshelwa kumazwe ngamazwe njengombali obalulekileyo,kwaye imeko yakhe yezemali yayisele iphucuka ekugqibeleni. Ngo-2003 urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika wasemva kocalucalu wamwonga nge-Order of Ikhamanga ngeGolide ngegalelo lakhe kuncwadi kunye nomzabalazo wenguquko kwezentlalo.Amaphepha akhe agcinwe kwi-Museum yesiKhumbuzo yaseKhama III eSerowe.Abafundi bakhe bayaqhubeka besanda.<ref>https://bridgebooks.co.za/blogs/news/a-discussion-of-bessie-heads-maru?srsltid=AfmBOoq5TdNujPEcPz0UXK0aVPkMbAtrJJdXQZuKnAu9yTDdm16H-Ey6</ref> == Imithombo == {{Reflist}} jf28gvgb5ctezms1kftt7qofe1jgy20