Wikipedia xhwiki https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter iMedia Mahluko Ingxoxo Ilungu Ingxoxo nelungu Wikipedia Ingxoxo ngeWikipedia Ngokweenkcukacha Ingxoxo ngokweenkcukacha iMediaWiki Ingxoxo ngeMediaWiki iThemplethi Ingxoxo yethemplethi Uncedo Ingxoxo ngoncedo Uluhlu Ingxoxo ngoluhlu TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1050 40707 37694 2026-06-12T07:41:07Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 linked to other article 40707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:uMzantsi Afrika}} {{Amazwe| | Igama = IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika<br />''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''<br />''Republic of South Africa''<br /> | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|197px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|120px]] | Imephu = [[File:South Africa (orthographic_projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[ePitoli]], [[iKapa]], [[eBloemfontein]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiBhulu]], [[IsiXhosa]],<br />[[IsiPedi]], [[IsiSotho]],<br />[[IsiTswana]], [[IsiZulu]]<br /> | Isiphaluka = 1 219 912 km² | Uluntu = {{#property:P1082|from=Q258}} <!--automatically generated from Wikidata--> }} '''UMzantsi Afrika''', ngokusesikweni ubizwa ngokuba '''yirhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika''' ('''RSA'''), lilizwe elibuthume kwincakami yeAfrika. Ubukhulu bawo buziikhilomitha ezingama-2,798 kunxweme olunwebela lunxusa umzantsi wolwandle iAtlantika kunye nolwandle iIndiya. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samsa.org.za/ |title=South African Maritime Safety Authority |publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |work=The World Factbook |title=Coastline |publisher=CIA |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=safacts>{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |title=South Africa Fast Facts |publisher=SouthAfrica.info |date=April 2007 |accessdate=14 June 2008 |archive-date=19 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Emantla nango ethe natya amazwe asebumelwaneni anje[[iNamibia|ngeNamibia]], [[iBotswana|i Botswana]] kunye [[iZimbabwe|neZimbabwe]]; ukuya empuma y[[iMozambique]] kunye nas[[Eswatini|eSwazini]]; phakathi kwala mazwe kukho ilizwe las[[eLuSuthu]], ingingqi engqongwe ziziphaluka zasemZantsi Afrika. <ref>{{cite web |author=Guy Arnold |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;–Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> UmZantsi Afrika lilizwe elikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba libambe indawo yama-25 ngobukhulu bomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye phantse zizigidi ezingama-53 zoluntu, lilizwe elibambe indawo yama-25 ukuba lelona lizwe laziwayo. == Amasiko == UmZantsi Afrika sisizwe leentlanga-ngeentlanga elididiyelwe ngamasiko ngamasiko, ngeelwimi-ngeelwimi, nangeenkolo-ngeenkolo. Njengelizwe elingunozala weentlanga-ngeentlanga, oku kubonakala kakhulu xa umgaqo siseko ukwamkela ngokungazenzisiyo ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezili-11 nje ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni, nekuzezona zinenani eliphakamileyo kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezimbini kwezi lwimi imvelaphi yazo iseYurophu: [[isiNgisi esithethwa eMzantsi Afrika|isiNgisi]] ne[[isiBhunu|siBhunu]], isiBhunu lisiDatshi olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe luninzi lwabamhlophe kunye nabebala kweli laseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona isiNgesi ilulwimi olusetyenziswa imihla-ngemihla kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke nakwiintengiso, lulwimi lwesine olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe.<ref name=safacts/> [9] === Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika === Abantu abamalunga nama-80% kubemi bo[https://www.jw.org/xh/ILayibrari/iincwadi/2007-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/UMzantsi-Afrika/ Mzantsi Afrika] ngabantu abantsundu nekungabantu abaziinzalelwane zeli,<ref name=census2011-inbrief>{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |year=2012 |location=Pretoria |isbn=9780621413885 |accessdate=12 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225082845/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>[3] baziintlanga-ngeentlanga, bathetha iilwimi-ngeelwimi zakwaNtu, eziluthoba kuzo zinikwe isidima sokokuba zibe ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni ngokusesikweni. <ref name=safacts/> ezinye iintlanga ezingekho kweli nani ngabahlali bezixekokazi zaseAfrika ngamaYurophu, ngamaamaAsia, kunye nabamvelaphi yabo ikwiintlanga-ngeentlanga. Onke amaqela ezi ntlanga-ngeentlanga neelwimi-ngeelwimi amelwe ngokwezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kumgaqo siseko osekwe ngokwentando yabantu, opalamente yawo uyiRhiphablikhi, nawo osithoba amaphondo. Okoko kwathi kwaphela urhulumente wocalu-calulo, ubumbejembeje ngamasiko-ngamasiko boMzantsi afrika bulenze bangumahluko eli lizwe latsho laziwa de labaluleka ngakumbi, njengoko bubonakalisiwe kwintetho enguMmnyama weSizwe omabala-bala. == Ezoqoqosho == [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|Umjeka wase Ningizimu Afrika. ]] Ngokwezoqoqosho ingeniso yaseMzantsi Afrika ibekwe kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwesiqingatha yiBhanki yeHlabathi, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika uthathwa nje ngelizwe elithi liseyimveku libe sele liphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa |title=South Africa |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|author=David Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|accessdate=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref> Uqoqosho lwayo lubambe indawo yesibini eAfrika, kwaye ngobukhulu libambe indawo yama-28 kwihlabathi. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2 |title=World Development Indicators database |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref> Xa kuthethwa ngokuthelekiswa kwamndla okuthenga oMzantsi Afrika kunye nawamanye amazwe, uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesixhenxe kwathenga kakhulu ngokwengeniso yonyaka eAfrika, nangona ubuhlwempu nokungalingani kwabantu ngokobuhlwempu nobutyebi busahamba phambili kweli lizwe, njengoko ikota yabantu ingaphangeli ibe iphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-US$1,25 (R21,23) ngosuku. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU |title=South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5% |publisher=Bloomberg |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=30 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf|title=HDI|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uthe wachongwa njeamandla akwizinga eliphezulu ngokwehlabathi, yaza yahlala iliziko elinomfutho kwingingqi.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|author2=Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M.|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=International Studies Review|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|first3=Timothy M.}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|author=David A. Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|accessdate=2013-08-25|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51}}</ref> Igama elithi ''Mzansi'', lisuka [[isiXhosa|esiXhoseni]] kwisibizo esithi ''umzantsi'', oko kuthetha ukuthi "mzantsi", igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni mihla le eMzantsi Afrika.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Sarah|editor-first2=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=9780822381211|page=283|url=http://books.google.co.za/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mzansi DiToloki|url=http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|publisher=Deaf Federation of South Africa|accessdate=15 January 2014|quote=uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means 'this country'.|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116135926/http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == iJografi == Umzantsi Afrika umi kanye ezantsi kwingingqi esingathi kusezinyaweni zelizwekazi i-Afrika, nonxweme lwayo olude nolugama walo utsaleke ngokungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 nolugudla iilwandle ezimbini (i-South Atlantic kunye nolwase-India) == iReference == [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika| ]] 7viq6sxjmurygr1s3w441r35s9slja4 40803 40707 2026-06-12T08:54:41Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:uMzantsi Afrika}} {{Amazwe| | Igama = IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika<br />''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''<br />''Republic of South Africa''<br /> | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|197px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|120px]] | Imephu = [[File:South Africa (orthographic_projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[ePitoli]], [[iKapa]], [[eBloemfontein]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiBhulu]], [[IsiXhosa]],<br />[[IsiPedi]], [[IsiSotho]],<br />[[IsiTswana]], [[IsiZulu]]<br /> | Isiphaluka = 1 219 912 km² | Uluntu = {{#property:P1082|from=Q258}} <!--automatically generated from Wikidata--> }} '''UMzantsi Afrika''', ngokusesikweni ubizwa ngokuba '''yirhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika''' ('''RSA'''), lilizwe elibuthume kwincakami yeAfrika. Ubukhulu bawo buziikhilomitha ezingama-2,798 kunxweme olunwebela lunxusa umzantsi wolwandle iAtlantika kunye nolwandle iIndiya. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samsa.org.za/ |title=South African Maritime Safety Authority |publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |work=The World Factbook |title=Coastline |publisher=CIA |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=safacts>{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |title=South Africa Fast Facts |publisher=SouthAfrica.info |date=April 2007 |accessdate=14 June 2008 |archive-date=19 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Emantla nango ethe natya amazwe asebumelwaneni anje[[iNamibia|ngeNamibia]], [[iBotswana|i Botswana]] kunye [[iZimbabwe|neZimbabwe]]; ukuya empuma y[[iMozambique|i]]Mozambique kunye nas[[Eswatini|eSwazini]]; phakathi kwala mazwe kukho ilizwe las[[eLuSuthu]], ingingqi engqongwe ziziphaluka zasemZantsi Afrika. <ref>{{cite web |author=Guy Arnold |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;–Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> UmZantsi Afrika lilizwe elikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba libambe indawo yama-25 ngobukhulu bomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye phantse zizigidi ezingama-53 zoluntu, lilizwe elibambe indawo yama-25 ukuba lelona lizwe laziwayo. == Amasiko == UmZantsi Afrika sisizwe leentlanga-ngeentlanga elididiyelwe ngamasiko ngamasiko, ngeelwimi-ngeelwimi, nangeenkolo-ngeenkolo. Njengelizwe elingunozala weentlanga-ngeentlanga, oku kubonakala kakhulu xa umgaqo siseko ukwamkela ngokungazenzisiyo ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezili-11 nje ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni, nekuzezona zinenani eliphakamileyo kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezimbini kwezi lwimi imvelaphi yazo iseYurophu: [[isiNgisi esithethwa eMzantsi Afrika|isiNgisi]] ne[[isiBhunu|siBhunu]], isiBhunu lisiDatshi olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe luninzi lwabamhlophe kunye nabebala kweli laseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona isiNgesi ilulwimi olusetyenziswa imihla-ngemihla kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke nakwiintengiso, lulwimi lwesine olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe.<ref name=safacts/> [9] === Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika === Abantu abamalunga nama-80% kubemi bo[https://www.jw.org/xh/ILayibrari/iincwadi/2007-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/UMzantsi-Afrika/ Mzantsi Afrika] ngabantu abantsundu nekungabantu abaziinzalelwane zeli,<ref name=census2011-inbrief>{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |year=2012 |location=Pretoria |isbn=9780621413885 |accessdate=12 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225082845/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>[3] baziintlanga-ngeentlanga, bathetha iilwimi-ngeelwimi zakwaNtu, eziluthoba kuzo zinikwe isidima sokokuba zibe ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni ngokusesikweni. <ref name=safacts/> ezinye iintlanga ezingekho kweli nani ngabahlali bezixekokazi zaseAfrika ngamaYurophu, ngamaamaAsia, kunye nabamvelaphi yabo ikwiintlanga-ngeentlanga. Onke amaqela ezi ntlanga-ngeentlanga neelwimi-ngeelwimi amelwe ngokwezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kumgaqo siseko osekwe ngokwentando yabantu, opalamente yawo uyiRhiphablikhi, nawo osithoba amaphondo. Okoko kwathi kwaphela urhulumente wocalu-calulo, ubumbejembeje ngamasiko-ngamasiko boMzantsi afrika bulenze bangumahluko eli lizwe latsho laziwa de labaluleka ngakumbi, njengoko bubonakalisiwe kwintetho enguMmnyama weSizwe omabala-bala. == Ezoqoqosho == [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|Umjeka wase Ningizimu Afrika. ]] Ngokwezoqoqosho ingeniso yaseMzantsi Afrika ibekwe kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwesiqingatha yiBhanki yeHlabathi, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika uthathwa nje ngelizwe elithi liseyimveku libe sele liphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa |title=South Africa |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|author=David Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|accessdate=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref> Uqoqosho lwayo lubambe indawo yesibini eAfrika, kwaye ngobukhulu libambe indawo yama-28 kwihlabathi. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2 |title=World Development Indicators database |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref> Xa kuthethwa ngokuthelekiswa kwamndla okuthenga oMzantsi Afrika kunye nawamanye amazwe, uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesixhenxe kwathenga kakhulu ngokwengeniso yonyaka eAfrika, nangona ubuhlwempu nokungalingani kwabantu ngokobuhlwempu nobutyebi busahamba phambili kweli lizwe, njengoko ikota yabantu ingaphangeli ibe iphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-US$1,25 (R21,23) ngosuku. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU |title=South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5% |publisher=Bloomberg |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=30 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf|title=HDI|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uthe wachongwa njeamandla akwizinga eliphezulu ngokwehlabathi, yaza yahlala iliziko elinomfutho kwingingqi.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|author2=Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M.|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=International Studies Review|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|first3=Timothy M.}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|author=David A. Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|accessdate=2013-08-25|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51}}</ref> Igama elithi ''Mzansi'', lisuka [[isiXhosa|esiXhoseni]] kwisibizo esithi ''umzantsi'', oko kuthetha ukuthi "mzantsi", igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni mihla le eMzantsi Afrika.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Sarah|editor-first2=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=9780822381211|page=283|url=http://books.google.co.za/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mzansi DiToloki|url=http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|publisher=Deaf Federation of South Africa|accessdate=15 January 2014|quote=uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means 'this country'.|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116135926/http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == iJografi == Umzantsi Afrika umi kanye ezantsi kwingingqi esingathi kusezinyaweni zelizwekazi i-Afrika, nonxweme lwayo olude nolugama walo utsaleke ngokungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 nolugudla iilwandle ezimbini (i-South Atlantic kunye nolwase-India) == iReference == [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika| ]] rg9437xnbwt6cbzuk1uzi8wp3br1h76 40806 40803 2026-06-12T09:12:16Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:uMzantsi Afrika}} {{Amazwe| | Igama = IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika<br />''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''<br />''Republic of South Africa''<br /> | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|197px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|120px]] | Imephu = [[File:South Africa (orthographic_projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[ePitoli]], [[iKapa]], [[eBloemfontein]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiBhulu]], [[IsiXhosa]],<br />[[IsiPedi]], [[IsiSotho]],<br />[[IsiTswana]], [[IsiZulu]]<br /> | Isiphaluka = 1 219 912 km² | Uluntu = {{#property:P1082|from=Q258}} <!--automatically generated from Wikidata--> }} == '''UMzantsi Afrika''', ngokusesikweni ubizwa ngokuba '''yirhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika''' ('''RSA'''), lilizwe elibuthume kwincakami yeAfrika. Ubukhulu bawo buziikhilomitha ezingama-2,798 kunxweme olunwebela lunxusa umzantsi wolwandle iAtlantika kunye nolwandle iIndiya. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samsa.org.za/ |title=South African Maritime Safety Authority |publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |work=The World Factbook |title=Coastline |publisher=CIA |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="safacts">{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |title=South Africa Fast Facts |publisher=SouthAfrica.info |date=April 2007 |accessdate=14 June 2008 |archive-date=19 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Emantla nango ethe natya amazwe asebumelwaneni anje[[iNamibia|nge''Namibi''a]], [[iBotswana|''i Botswana'']] kunye [[iZimbabwe|''neZimbabwe'']]; ukuya empuma y[[iMozambique|i]]Mozambique kunye nas[[Eswatini|''eSwazini'']]; phakathi kwala mazwe kukho ilizwe las[[eLuSuthu|''eLuSuthu'']], ingingqi engqongwe ziziphaluka zasemZantsi Afrika. <ref>{{cite web |author=Guy Arnold |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;–Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> UmZantsi Afrika lilizwe elikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba libambe indawo yama-25 ngobukhulu bomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye phantse zizigidi ezingama-53 zoluntu, lilizwe elibambe indawo yama-25 ukuba lelona lizwe laziwayo. == == '''Amasiko''' == UmZantsi Afrika sisizwe leentlanga-ngeentlanga elididiyelwe ngamasiko ngamasiko, ngeelwimi-ngeelwimi, nangeenkolo-ngeenkolo. Njengelizwe elingunozala weentlanga-ngeentlanga, oku kubonakala kakhulu xa umgaqo siseko ukwamkela ngokungazenzisiyo ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezili-11 nje ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni, nekuzezona zinenani eliphakamileyo kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezimbini kwezi lwimi imvelaphi yazo iseYurophu: [[isiNgisi esithethwa eMzantsi Afrika|isiNgisi]] ne[[isiBhunu|siBhunu]], isiBhunu lisiDatshi olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe luninzi lwabamhlophe kunye nabebala kweli laseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona isiNgesi ilulwimi olusetyenziswa imihla-ngemihla kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke nakwiintengiso, lulwimi lwesine olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe.<ref name=safacts/> [9] === Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika === Abantu abamalunga nama-80% kubemi bo[https://www.jw.org/xh/ILayibrari/iincwadi/2007-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/UMzantsi-Afrika/ ''Mzantsi Afrika''] ngabantu abantsundu nekungabantu abaziinzalelwane zeli,<ref name=census2011-inbrief>{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |year=2012 |location=Pretoria |isbn=9780621413885 |accessdate=12 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225082845/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>[3] baziintlanga-ngeentlanga, bathetha iilwimi-ngeelwimi zakwaNtu, eziluthoba kuzo zinikwe isidima sokokuba zibe ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni ngokusesikweni. <ref name=safacts/> ezinye iintlanga ezingekho kweli nani ngabahlali bezixekokazi zaseAfrika ngamaYurophu, ngamaamaAsia, kunye nabamvelaphi yabo ikwiintlanga-ngeentlanga. Onke amaqela ezi ntlanga-ngeentlanga neelwimi-ngeelwimi amelwe ngokwezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kumgaqo siseko osekwe ngokwentando yabantu, opalamente yawo uyiRhiphablikhi, nawo osithoba amaphondo. Okoko kwathi kwaphela urhulumente wocalu-calulo, ubumbejembeje ngamasiko-ngamasiko boMzantsi afrika bulenze bangumahluko eli lizwe latsho laziwa de labaluleka ngakumbi, njengoko bubonakalisiwe kwintetho enguMmnyama weSizwe omabala-bala. == '''Ezoqoqosho''' == [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|Umjeka wase Ningizimu Afrika. ]] Ngokwezoqoqosho ingeniso yaseMzantsi Afrika ibekwe kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwesiqingatha yiBhanki yeHlabathi, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika uthathwa nje ngelizwe elithi liseyimveku libe sele liphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa |title=South Africa |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|author=David Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|accessdate=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref> Uqoqosho lwayo lubambe indawo yesibini eAfrika, kwaye ngobukhulu libambe indawo yama-28 kwihlabathi. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2 |title=World Development Indicators database |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref> Xa kuthethwa ngokuthelekiswa kwamndla okuthenga oMzantsi Afrika kunye nawamanye amazwe, uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesixhenxe kwathenga kakhulu ngokwengeniso yonyaka eAfrika, nangona ubuhlwempu nokungalingani kwabantu ngokobuhlwempu nobutyebi busahamba phambili kweli lizwe, njengoko ikota yabantu ingaphangeli ibe iphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-US$1,25 (R21,23) ngosuku. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU |title=South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5% |publisher=Bloomberg |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=30 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf|title=HDI|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uthe wachongwa njeamandla akwizinga eliphezulu ngokwehlabathi, yaza yahlala iliziko elinomfutho kwingingqi.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|author2=Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M.|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=International Studies Review|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|first3=Timothy M.}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|author=David A. Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|accessdate=2013-08-25|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51}}</ref> Igama elithi ''Mzansi'', lisuka [[isiXhosa|''esiXhoseni'']] kwisibizo esithi ''umzantsi'', oko kuthetha ukuthi "mzantsi", igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni mihla le eMzantsi Afrika.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Sarah|editor-first2=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=9780822381211|page=283|url=http://books.google.co.za/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mzansi DiToloki|url=http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|publisher=Deaf Federation of South Africa|accessdate=15 January 2014|quote=uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means 'this country'.|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116135926/http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == '''iJografi''' == # Umzantsi Afrika umi kanye ezantsi kwingingqi esingathi kusezinyaweni zelizwekazi i-Afrika, nonxweme lwayo olude nolugama walo utsaleke ngokungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 nolugudla iilwandle ezimbini (i-South Atlantic kunye nolwase-India) == '''iReference''' == [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika| ]] mgxny92u7sw6mn1wqwoqa2f8gbb2uub 0 1051 40793 36388 2026-06-12T08:39:29Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|upright=2|Amazwe aphawulwe ngebala elubuhlaza bawo bungqindilili ngamazwe eluthethwa khona isingesi ubukhulu becala, kwaye kumazwe apho isiNgesi sibaluleke kakhulu aphawulwe ngombala oluhlaza nobuphatsha kunalo wokuqala.]] [[File:EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg|thumb|EN ([[ISO 639]]-1)]] == '''isiNgesi''' l[[iilwimi zaseNtshona-Jamani|ulwimi lwaseNtshona-Jamani]] olwathethwa okokuqala yi[[Anglo-Saxon]] eNgilani ngeminyaka yokuqala ye[[imiddle ages|Middle Ages]]. Sithetha nje lelona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. <ref>Mydans, Seth (14 May 2007) [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/14/world/asia/14iht-14englede.5705671.html "Across cultures, English is the word"] ''[[New York Times]]''. Retrieved 21 September 2011</ref> == Luthethwa [[amazwe|kumazwe ngamazwe]] [[ihlabathi|ehlabathi]] lonke jikelele. Lulwimi lokuqala lwas[[Iunited kingdom|''eUnited'' ''Kingdom'']]'', e[[iUnited states|United States]], e[[iCanada|Canada]], e[[iAustralia|Australia]], e[[iRepublic of Ireland|Ireland]], e[[New Zealand]]'' namazwe amaninzi e''[[Caribbean]]''. Bamalunga na-375 ezigidi abantu abasithetha isingesi nje [[ulwimi lweenkobe|ngolwimi lweenkobe]] (abantu abantetho yabo isisiNgesi),<ref>Curtis, Andy. ''Color, race, and English language teaching: shades of meaning''. 2006, page 192.</ref> nto leyo esibeka kwindawo yesibini isiNgesi njengolona lwimi luthethwayo kwihlabathi. Bamalunga nama-220 ezigidi zabanye abantu abasithetha njengolwimi olongezelelwa kwiilwimi zabo zeenkobe, kwaye kusekho izigidi-gidi zabantu abasafunda ukusithetha. Sitshintshile ke isiNgesi, kunjalo nje besisoloko sitshintshwa ngenxa yefuthe lezinye iilwimi. <ref>Baugh, Albert C. & Cable, Thomas 2012. ''A history of the English language''. 6th ed, London: [[Routledge]]. ISBN 0-41-565596-X</ref> Kuba phantse ama-60% entetho isuka kw[[isiLatini]], maxa wambi isiNgesi sithathwa ngokuba lolona lwimi lunesiLatini kwiilwimi zesiJamani. <ref>[http://www.conexion-to.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184:inglese-tedesco-e-olandese-a-confronto&catid=34:lingue-a-culture&Itemid=60 Comparison between English, German and Dutch (in Italian)]</ref> =='''Imbali'''== IsiNgesi saaqala [[eNgilane]]. Iintlanga z[[iJamani|amaJamani]] ''([[amaSaxons]], [[amaAnglo-Saxon|amaAngles]], kunye'' [[namaJutes|''namaJutes'']]) eeza eBritane malunga phaya ngoo-449 AD. Bafika mazenzela ikhaya emzantsi nasempuma yesi siqithi, bethyalela ngaphandle amaBritane aluhlobo lwamaCeltic ababefike kuqala kunabo, babenza ukuba bathethe ulwimi lwesingesi endaweni yolwimi lwabo lwakudala [[ulwimi lwesiCeltic]]. Unanamhla oku zisekho iilwimi zesiCeltic ezisathethwayo, ingakumbi eWales, apho [[ulwimi lwesiWelsh|isiWelsh]] ilulwimi lokuqala kwinxalenye yabantu abahlala kumaphandle. Inani labantetho is[[isiGaelic]] e[[Scotland]] lincinane, kwaye phantse bonke bakwi[[Highlands|naseziqithini]]. Ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba s"[[iScots]]" lona lululwimi oluyinzalelwane yesiNgesi. isiGaelic e[[Ireland]] nase[Isle of Man]] sithethwa ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu. Iilwimi [[ezizalana]] nesiJamani zezi ntlanga zaba s''[[lulwimi lwesiNgesi samandulo|isiNgesi samandul]]''. Igama elithi ''English'' lisuka kwigama likaAngles: ''uEnglas''. IsiNgesi sakudala asivakali njengesiNgesi esisithethayo ngoku. Ukuba abantu abantetho isisiNgesi ngoku bangamamela okanye bafunde umhlathi obhalwe ngesiNgesi sakudala, ambalwa kakhulu amagama abangawaqonda ukuba athetha ukuthini. Olona lwimi lusondele esiNgesini esisesasetyenziswayo namhlanje s[[isiFrisian]], sithethwa ngabantu abangama-500,000 nabahlala e''[[iNetherlands|Netherlands]], e[[iJamani|Germany]] nase[[Denmark]]''. Ngaphezu kokuba olu lwimi lubufana nesiNgesi, abantu abathetha ezi lwimi zimbini abavani kakuhle into abayithethayo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, abantu abambalwa bathi olona lwimi lusondeleyo esiNgesini [[isiDatshi|lulwimi lwesiDatshi]]. Abanye abantu abaninzi beeza eNgilane kamva ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, bethetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezi lwimi zathi zongeza amanye amagama amaninzi kwatsho kwadaleka esi siNgesi sithethwayo kungoku nje. Nanku umzekelo, kwiminyaka yoo800 AD, ama[[iDenmark|Danish]] nama[[iNorse|Norse]] kunye nama[[ipirate|pirate]]s, nababizwa ng[[amaVikings]], beza kweli lizwe saza isiNgesi samkela amagama emboleko [[amaNorse]] amaninzi. Iilwimi zabo zazizez[[iilwimi zamaJamani|amaJamani]], njengesiNgesi samaNdulo. Emva k[[uloyiso lukaWilliam|oloyiso lukaWilliam]] wayithabathela kuye iNgilane ngo1066 AD kunye nomlhosi wakhe waza wabayikumkani, weza nabantu bakhe [[abahloniphekileyo]], ababentetho yabo is[[ulwimi lwesiNorman|isiNorman]], ulwimi olwaluzalana kakhulu nesiFrentshi, ukuba lubekho k[[urhulumente]] omtsha. Baasivala isiNgesi ixesha elide ukuba sifundiswe ezikolweni, lwaza ulwimi lwatshintsha kakhulu, kuba sasithethwa ubukhulu becala endaweni yokokuba sibhalwe, isithuba esingangeminyaka engama-300. IsiNgesi saaboleka amagama amaninzi kwisiNorman ngexesha esasinokubizwa ngokuba lulwimi olwahlukileyo, [[iMiddle English]]. [[U-Geoffrey Chaucer]] ngumbhali owaziwayo wesiNgesi ekuthiwa yi''Middle English''. Emva kwezandi ezininzi ezathi zatshintsha, isiNgesi i''Middle English'' sabasisiNgesi esiphuculweyo. Nangona umsebenzi kaShakespeare ungabonakala umdala kakhulu, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba iphucukile. Saaqhubela phambili isiNgesi ngokuthatha amagama amatsha kwezinye iilwimi, umzekelo, ingakumbi kw[[kulwimi lwesiFrentshi|isiFrentshi]] (malunga nama-30% ukuya kuma-40% amagama aso), kodwa nakw[[ulwimi lwesiTshayina|isiTshyayina]], [[isiHindi]] ne[[isiUrdu|siUrdu]], [[ulwimi lwesiJaphane|isiJapanese]], [[ulwimi lwesiPanishi|isiSpanishi]] kunye ne[[ulwimi lwesiPhuthukezi|siPhuthukezi]]. Kwathi kuba iingcali ezininzi ezazisuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwakufuneka zincokole zikwazi ukuthetha omnye komnye, baachonga amagama ezinto ayakuthi asetyenziswe kwezophando kwaye loo magama achongwa kwiilwimi ababezazi bebonke: [[ulwimi lwesiGrike|isiGrike]] kunye ne[[isiLatini|siLatini]]. Laa magama eza nasesiNgesini kananjalo, umzekelo, ''umfanekiso ofotiweyo'' ("ifoto-" ithetha "ukukhanya" "kwaye "-igrafu" ithetha "umfanekiso" okanye "umbhalo", kwisiGrike. Umfanekiso ofotiweto ngumfanekiso owenziwe ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya), okanye ''ifowuni''. Lilonke ke, isiNgesi senziwe ngesiNgesi samaNdulo (esizalana kakhulu ne[[ulwimi lwesiJamani|siJamani]] kunye ne[[ulwimi lwesiDatshi||siDatshi]]), isiNorse, kunye nesiFrench, kwaye sitshintshwe nasisiLatini, isiGrike, isiTshayina, isiHindi, isiJaphane, kunye nesiPanishi, namanye amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi. Imbali yo[[ubuKumkani baseBritane|buKumkani baseBritane]] bufake isandla ekwandeni kolwimi lwesiNgesi. Kunamhlanje nje, isingesi lolona lwimi lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana ne''[[iAustreliya|Austreliya]], [[iKhanada]], [[iHong Kong]], kw[[Rhiphabhlikhi yaseIndia]] nase[[iPakistan|Pakistan]], e[[UMzantsi afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]'', nakw[[izizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseMelika]], Isingesi lolona lwimi. Kuba [[ubuKumkani bezizwe eziManyeneyo]] (ilizwe apho iNgilane ikhoyo) kunye [[nezizwe zaseMelika ezimanyeneyo]] zibe zizizwe ngokwembali ebezisoloko zinamandla ekwenzeni imali naseburhulumenteni, abantu abaninzi babona iluncedo ukufunda isiNgesi ukuze bakwazi [[ukuthetha]] kumaziko ezophando, ezoshishino, nakwe[[uzakuzo|zozakuzelwano]]. Esi sifundo ke kuthiwa [[Ukufunda isiNgesi njengolwimi oluvela ngaphandle|IsiNgesi njengolwimi olongezelelweyo]], isiNgesi ngengolwimi lwesiBini (ESL) okanye isiNgesi njengolwimi oluvela ngaphandle (EFL). Amabali nemidlalo edumileyo neyaziwa kakhulu. [[uShakespeare]] waye engumbhali we[[imibongo|mibongo]] [[imidlalo yeqonga|nemidlalo yeqonga]] yesiNgesi edume kakhulu. Sithetha nje, [[iingoma]] kunye [[iimovie|nemovie]] (imiboniso yeefilim)zonke zisebenzisa ulwimi lwesiNgesi. =='''Umahluko kupelo lwamagama'''== IsiNgesi sisebenzisa [[uhlobo lokubhala|upelo magama]] olungaqhelekanga xa sibhalwa. Izandi zoonobumba kunye nendibaniselwano yazo ibonakala ngathi iyafana kodwa yahluke kakhulu. Nanku umzekelo igama elithi "ough" lahlukile kwelithi ''through'' (threw), ''rough'' (ruff), dough (doe) okanye ''cough'' (coff). Le nto ke yenza okokuba ibe lulwimi olunzima kakhulu ukuba lufundwe.<ref name="age">{{cite news|title=It's offishal - English iz darned hard to learn|last=Smith, Bridie 2009|publisher=The Age|language=English|accessdate=2009-11-29}}</ref> Kumazwe amaninzi abantu abantetho isisiNgesi bawapela ngokwahlukileyo amagama. Kukho umahluko phakathi kopelo-magama lwas[[iMelika|eMelika]] kwelinye icala nas[[iUnited Kingdom|eUnited Kingdom]] kwaye amanye amazwe amaninzi (afana nalawo akwingqungquthela yaseBritane) apho isiNgesi ilolona lwimi lusetyenziswayo kwelinye icala. Ezi ndlela zokupela zahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa s"isiNgesi saseMelika'' ne "siNgesi saseBritane". Umzekelo igama elithi "colour" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "color" eMelika, negama elithi "programme" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "program" eMelika. Negama elithi "spelled" lipelwa ngenye indlela kwisiNgesi saseBritane, apho lipelwa njengo "spelt". Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusasazwa kwendlela ekwenziwa ngayo izinto, usasazo (okanye olunwenwela kwihlabathi jikelele), nasekunwenweni kwamasiko aseMelika ngo[[umabonakude|mabonakude]] nangeenkqubo zeekhompyutha zaseMelika, abanye abemi baseBritane basebenzisa amagama esiNgesi aseMelika. =='''Intetho'''== [[File:Origins of English PieChart 2D.svg|thumb|Ifuthe elenziwa yintetho yesiNgesi]] Phantse ngama-60% entetho yolwimi lwesiNgesi ivela kwisiLatini nakwiilimi zeNeo-Latin (ingakumbi kwisiFrentshi): # ''[[Langues d'oïl|Langue d'oïl]] (isiFrentshi)'': 29.3% # [[isiLatini]], siquka isiLatini esiphuculweyo sanamhlanje nekusesophando nobuchwepheshe: 28.7% # [[iilwimi zesiJamani]] – zithathwe kw[[isiNgesi samaNdulo]], esisuka kwisiJamani samandulo, okanye kumagama asandakubolekwa kulwimi lwesiJamani olufana nelwe[[iNorse yamaNdulo|Norse yamandulo]]; aluquki magama esiJamani abolekwe kulwimi lwesiRoma, i.e., avela kulwimilwesiJamani in Frentshi, isiLatini okanye ezinye iilwimi zesiroma: ezingama-24% # isiGrike: ama-5.32% # isiTaliyani, isiPanishi kunye nesiPhuthukezi: 4.03% # Ulwimi olusuka kumagama abantu nawezinto zendalo: 3.28% # Olusuka kuzo zonke ezinye iilwimi: zingaphantsi kwe-1% Nangona kunjalo, kwawona magama akhe axhaphaka, awesiJamani ngawona alinani eliphezulu. [[Category:Iilwimi]] [[Category:Iilwimi zasemZantsi Afrika]] guiaqwyr9yacvlnz5h35xqqkows96e0 0 1063 40723 26871 2026-06-12T07:51:58Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA KwaZulu-Natal}} '''iPhondo laKwaZulu-Natal''' liPhondo [[uMzantsi Afrika|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. [[Isixeko esilikomkhulu|iSixeko]] esikhulu [[nguMgungundlovu]]. iDoluphu enkulu kus[[eThekwini]]. aBantu abahlala phaya baqikelelwa ku-10,919,100. Likhaya labantu bakwaZulu. aBantu abaninzi bathetha [[isiZulu]] phaya. {{Stub}} {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:KwaZulu-Natala}} [[Category:IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala| ]] 3riew2ltfay2jl5mpac6oixbchkcpvx 0 1065 40749 22478 2026-06-12T08:17:00Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 40749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Mpumalanga}} '''uPhondo yaMpumalanga'''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mpumalanga {{!}} Map, & Population, History, & Languages {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mpumalanga|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> nguPhondo [[uMzantsi Afrika|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. uPhondo ebedla ngokwahlukana [[iPhondo yaTransvaal|uPhondo yaTransvaal]]. uKhapitali wets [[iNaspoti|yiNaspoti]]. abaNtu 3.122.994 bahlala phaya. abaNtu abaninzi bathetha [[isiSwati]] (30,8%), [[isiZulu|nesiZulu]] (26,4%), [[isiNdebele|nesiNdebele]] (12,1%), [[isiPedi|nesiPedi]] (10,8%) phaya. == {{SIL|Links}} == *{{PoSA Commons|Mpumalanga}} {{PoSA Informations|Mpumalanga}} {{Stub}} {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpumalanga}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpumalanga]] ncuo2sy4gcwha22irwsnulrrs3bnfx9 0 1066 40754 22463 2026-06-12T08:22:54Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 editing existing content 40754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Northern Cape}} == '''uPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni''' nguPhondo [[uMzantsi Afrika|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. == # uPhondo ebedla ngokwahlukana [[iPhondo yaKapa|uPhondo ya''Kapa'']]. # uKhapitali wets [[iKhimbali|yiKhimbali]]. # abaNtu 822.726 bahlala phaya. # abaNtu abaninzi bathetha [[isiBhulu]] (70%), [[isiTswana|nesiTswana]] (20%), [[isiXhosa|nesiXhosa]] (6,5%) phaya. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Informations|Northern Cape}} *{{PoSA Commons|Northern Cape}} {{Stub}} {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mntla-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni| ]] o74fb80u6yy1y2xs89zjhx8lq32mttv 0 1068 40685 40030 2026-06-12T07:20:53Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Ndilifake kwamanye amaphepha. 40685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no Hintsa, uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} ljj6oax61odi4bd2qsthj28qjimey0y 40687 40685 2026-06-12T07:22:51Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Ndilifake kumanye amagama 40687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} pf2z2rlv135gz6yxg1ua9i8pd07qu0g 40744 40687 2026-06-12T08:12:47Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 40744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndima|first=Athenkosi|last2=Sobantu|first2=Mziwandile|last3=Muridzo|first3=Noel G.|last4=Sukulao|first4=Tatenda|date=2026|title=Housing challenges encountered by single mothers heading households in Tyutyu Village, Bhisho Eastern Cape, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.15270/62-1-1373|journal=Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.15270/62-1-1373|issn=2312-7198}}</ref>. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} mv6sh25fl0f6zwrizc0zgd5xiom4dzj 40745 40744 2026-06-12T08:14:05Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 edit source 40745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndima|first=Athenkosi|last2=Sobantu|first2=Mziwandile|last3=Muridzo|first3=Noel G.|last4=Sukulao|first4=Tatenda|date=2026|title=Housing challenges encountered by single mothers heading households in Tyutyu Village, Bhisho Eastern Cape, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.15270/62-1-1373|journal=Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.15270/62-1-1373|issn=2312-7198}}</ref>. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ust|first=Homeabout|last2=FunDza|first2=C'sCONTACTHELP © 2026|title=Mpuma Koloni {{!}} FunDza|url=https://live.fundza.mobi/home/fanz/poetry/mpuma-koloni/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=live.fundza.mobi|language=en-US}}</ref> ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} m9dmjuhxxhrwyr3h198dxaxaedtuu67 40747 40745 2026-06-12T08:15:45Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 edit source 40747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndima|first=Athenkosi|last2=Sobantu|first2=Mziwandile|last3=Muridzo|first3=Noel G.|last4=Sukulao|first4=Tatenda|date=2026|title=Housing challenges encountered by single mothers heading households in Tyutyu Village, Bhisho Eastern Cape, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.15270/62-1-1373|journal=Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.15270/62-1-1373|issn=2312-7198}}</ref>. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress<ref>{{Cite web|title=ANC – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement|url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ust|first=Homeabout|last2=FunDza|first2=C'sCONTACTHELP © 2026|title=Mpuma Koloni {{!}} FunDza|url=https://live.fundza.mobi/home/fanz/poetry/mpuma-koloni/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=live.fundza.mobi|language=en-US}}</ref> ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} 7nho4ygd5q001w6xz5ljy147ps0xekq 40813 40747 2026-06-12T09:16:35Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndima|first=Athenkosi|last2=Sobantu|first2=Mziwandile|last3=Muridzo|first3=Noel G.|last4=Sukulao|first4=Tatenda|date=2026|title=Housing challenges encountered by single mothers heading households in Tyutyu Village, Bhisho Eastern Cape, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.15270/62-1-1373|journal=Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.15270/62-1-1373|issn=2312-7198}}</ref>. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress<ref>{{Cite web|title=ANC – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement|url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. '''Iilwimi''' ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. '''''IMpuma Koloni'''''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ust|first=Homeabout|last2=FunDza|first2=C'sCONTACTHELP © 2026|title=Mpuma Koloni {{!}} FunDza|url=https://live.fundza.mobi/home/fanz/poetry/mpuma-koloni/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=live.fundza.mobi|language=en-US}}</ref> ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} 35xy8midxbcitysf0h4y1dauxrumndy 0 1069 40692 26407 2026-06-12T07:28:15Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Ndilifake kumanye amagama 40692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Free State}} '''uPhondo yase[[Freyistata]]''' nguPhondo [[uMzantsi Afrika|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. uKhapitali wets [[iBlomfanteni|yiBlomfanteni]]. abaNtu 2.706.776 bahlala phaya. abaNtu abaninzi bathetha [[isiSotho]] (62%), [[isiBhulu|nesiBhulu]] (14%), [[isiXhosa|nesiXhosa]] (9,5%) phaya. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Informations|Free State}} *{{PoSA Commons|Free State}} {{Stub}} {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Freyistata}} [[Category:IPhondo yaFreyistata| ]] fjieggxg81c43bl2ofmd3i900lyqbh5 0 2134 40812 31522 2026-06-12T09:15:33Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = Federal Republic of Nigeria | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = Abuja | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = | Isiphaluka = 923 768 km² | Uluntu = 188 462 640 (2015) }} <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ali|first=CC|last2=Ejiofor|first2=TE|last3=Ifeanyieze|first3=FO|last4=Okadi|first4=AO|last5=Eze|first5=CM|last6=Eze|first6=GE|last7=Onah|first7=FC|last8=Nwakile|first8=TC|last9=Ugwuoke|first9=CU|last10=Mgbenka|first10=RN|last11=Onah|first11=O|date=2020-12-18|title=Proximate qualities and lycopene contents of three watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit varieties grown with climate-smart integrated fertilizer management in sandy loam soil|url=https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.95.19215|journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development|volume=20|issue=07|pages=16997–17011|doi=10.18697/ajfand.95.19215|issn=1684-5374}}</ref>'''iNigeria''' lilizwe e[[Afrika]] I-Nigeria lelinye lamazwe elizwekazi laseAfrika. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nigeria}} [[Category:Amazwe aseAfrika]] {{stub}} 6tac8ervc3kv81mb7gvdznwbol35aw5 0 2136 40731 39875 2026-06-12T08:02:04Z Cokotho 16123 Added a reference 40731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] [[File:Young Mandela.jpg|thumb|Mandela, ~1937]] [[File:Nelson Mandela Marker, Cape Town, South Africa-3556.jpg|thumb|Mandela]] '''Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela''' (18 [[Eyekhala]] 1918— 5 [[Eyomnga]] 2013) Xhosa '''Rholihlahla Dalibhunga'''. UNelson Rholihlahla Mandela wazalelwa eMvezo eMthatha waze wakhulela eQunu kwalapho eMthatha. UNelson Mandela wazalwa nguNosekeni Fanny kunye noGadla Henry Mphakanyiswa. Wafunda kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.ufh.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=University of Fort Hare {{!}} Together in Excellence|language=en-US}}</ref> eseDikeni nedyunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand apho wayefunda ezomthetho khona. Waba lilungu lombutho iANC ([[African National Congress]]). UMandela wayevalelwe kwisiqithi saseKapa (eRobben Island) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe apho wayesilwela khona inkululeko. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla weshumi elinanye (11) kweyoMdumba ngo1990. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Utata uNelson walwa ingcinezelo [[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Utata uNelson Mandela wayeneqabane lakhe uWinnie Madikizela Mandela owaba ngumfazi wakhe, banabantwana aba bini(2) waza kamva kakhulu watshata uGraca Machel. UTata uNelson Mandela wasweleka kunyaka ka2013 kwinyanga yoMnga, wangcwatyewa kwilali azalelwa kuyo eQunu. emvakweminyaka kwaphatha , u Jacob Nate Zuma wasuka ngoku siphethwe Nguyen Cyril Ramaphosa ukusukela ngonyaka 2019/2020 isizwe sethu sixakene ne ntsholongwane I covid19(Corona Virus 2019)...esisifo sasuka e Wuhung e China .a[ho kuye kwafuneka sinxibe i mask.ukuze singasulelani .. == Early life == === Ubuntwana: 1918–1934 === UMandela wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala ngo-1918, kwilali yaseMvezo [[Mthatha]], ngexesha eyayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseKapa eMzantsi Afrika. [ 2 ] wanikwa igama langaphambili elithi Rolihlahla, [ a ] igama [[IsiXhosa|lesiXhosa]] elithetha “umkhathazi”, [ 5 ] kwaye kwiminyaka yamva waziwa ngesiduko sakhe, uMadiba. [ 6 ] Uyisemkhulu wakhe, [[U-Ngubengcuka|uNgubengcuka]], wayengumlawuli woBukumkani [[AbaThembu|babaThembu]] kwiTranskeian Territories kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yi[[I-Transkei|Mpuma]] [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] namhlanje eMzantsi Afrika. [ 7 ] Omnye woonyana bakaNgubengcuka, ogama linguMandela, yayinguyisemkhulu kaNelson kunye nemvelaphi yefani yakhe. [ 8 ] Ngenxa yokuba uMandela wayengumntwana weNkosi nomfazi wendlu ka-Ixhiba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Left-Hand House", inzala yesebe lakhe le-cadet yentsapho yasebukhosini yayingafanelanga ukufumana isihlalo sobukhosi kodwa ithathwa njengooceba basebukhosini. [ 9 ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 0oesmdese5s4c9xiaui7ig1ao4f0het 40732 40731 2026-06-12T08:05:13Z Cokotho 16123 added a reference 40732 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] [[File:Young Mandela.jpg|thumb|Mandela, ~1937]] [[File:Nelson Mandela Marker, Cape Town, South Africa-3556.jpg|thumb|Mandela]] '''Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela''' (18 [[Eyekhala]] 1918— 5 [[Eyomnga]] 2013) Xhosa '''Rholihlahla Dalibhunga'''. UNelson Rholihlahla Mandela wazalelwa eMvezo eMthatha waze wakhulela eQunu kwalapho eMthatha. UNelson Mandela wazalwa nguNosekeni Fanny kunye noGadla Henry Mphakanyiswa. Wafunda kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.ufh.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=University of Fort Hare {{!}} Together in Excellence|language=en-US}}</ref> eseDikeni nedyunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand apho wayefunda ezomthetho khona. Waba lilungu lombutho iANC ([[African National Congress]]). UMandela wayevalelwe kwisiqithi saseKapa (eRobben Island) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe apho wayesilwela khona inkululeko. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla weshumi elinanye (11) kweyoMdumba ngo1990. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Utata uNelson walwa ingcinezelo [[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Utata uNelson Mandela wayeneqabane lakhe uWinnie Madikizela Mandela owaba ngumfazi wakhe, banabantwana aba bini(2) waza kamva kakhulu watshata uGraca Machel. UTata uNelson Mandela wasweleka kunyaka ka2013 kwinyanga yoMnga, wangcwatyewa kwilali azalelwa kuyo ec. emvakweminyaka kwaphatha , u Jacob Nate Zuma wasuka ngoku siphethwe Nguyen Cyril Ramaphosa ukusukela ngonyaka 2019/2020 isizwe sethu sixakene ne ntsholongwane I covid19(Corona Virus 2019)...esisifo sasuka e Wuhung e China .a[ho kuye kwafuneka sinxibe i mask.ukuze singasulelani .. == Early life == === Ubuntwana: 1918–1934 === UMandela wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala ngo-1918, kwilali yaseMvezo [[Mthatha]], ngexesha eyayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseKapa eMzantsi Afrika. [ 2 ] wanikwa igama langaphambili elithi Rolihlahla, [ a ] igama [[IsiXhosa|lesiXhosa]] elithetha “umkhathazi”, [ 5 ] kwaye kwiminyaka yamva waziwa ngesiduko sakhe, uMadiba. [ 6 ] Uyisemkhulu wakhe, [[U-Ngubengcuka|uNgubengcuka]], wayengumlawuli woBukumkani [[AbaThembu|babaThembu]] kwiTranskeian Territories kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yi[[I-Transkei|Mpuma]] [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] namhlanje eMzantsi Afrika. [ 7 ] Omnye woonyana bakaNgubengcuka, ogama linguMandela, yayinguyisemkhulu kaNelson kunye nemvelaphi yefani yakhe. [ 8 ] Ngenxa yokuba uMandela wayengumntwana weNkosi nomfazi wendlu ka-Ixhiba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Left-Hand House", inzala yesebe lakhe le-cadet yentsapho yasebukhosini yayingafanelanga ukufumana isihlalo sobukhosi kodwa ithathwa njengooceba basebukhosini. [ 9 ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] fmsyt605qlyyiuehiftabacu3gkykri 40746 40732 2026-06-12T08:14:13Z Sam17Qwa 13674 Improve content 40746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] [[File:Young Mandela.jpg|thumb|Mandela, ~1937]] [[File:Nelson Mandela Marker, Cape Town, South Africa-3556.jpg|thumb|Mandela]] '''Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela''' (18 [[Eyekhala]] 1918— 5 [[Eyomnga]] 2013) Xhosa ===== '''Rholihlahla Dalibhunga'''. UNelson Rholihlahla Mandela wazalelwa eMvezo eMthatha waze wakhulela eQunu kwalapho eMthatha. UNelson Mandela wazalwa nguNosekeni Fanny kunye noGadla Henry Mphakanyiswa. Wafunda kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.ufh.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=University of Fort Hare {{!}} Together in Excellence|language=en-US}}</ref> eseDikeni nedyunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand apho wayefunda ezomthetho khona. Waba lilungu lombutho i'''''AN'''''C ([[African National Congress]]). ===== UMandela wayevalelwe kwisiqithi saseKapa (eRobben Island) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe apho wayesilwela khona inkululeko. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla weshumi elinanye (11) kweyoMdumba ngo1990. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Utata uNelson walwa ingcinezelo [[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Utata uNelson Mandela wayeneqabane lakhe uWinnie Madikizela Mandela owaba ngumfazi wakhe, banabantwana aba bini(2) waza kamva kakhulu watshata uGraca Machel. UTata uNelson Mandela wasweleka kunyaka ka2013 kwinyanga yoMnga, wangcwatyewa kwilali azalelwa kuyo ec. emvakweminyaka kwaphatha , u Jacob Nate Zuma wasuka ngoku siphethwe Nguyen Cyril Ramaphosa ukusukela ngonyaka 2019/2020 isizwe sethu sixakene ne ntsholongwane I covid19(Corona Virus 2019)...esisifo sasuka e Wuhung e China .a[ho kuye kwafuneka sinxibe i mask.ukuze singasulelani .. == Early life == === Ubuntwana: 1918–1934 === # UMandela wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala ngo-1918, kwilali yaseMvezo [[Mthatha]], ngexesha eyayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseKapa eMzantsi Afrika. [ 2 ] wanikwa igama langaphambili elithi Rolihlahla, [ a ] igama [[IsiXhosa|lesiXhosa]] elithetha “umkhathazi”, [ 5 ] kwaye kwiminyaka yamva waziwa ngesiduko sakhe, uMadiba. [ 6 ] Uyisemkhulu wakhe, [[U-Ngubengcuka|uNgubengcuka]], wayengumlawuli woBukumkani [[AbaThembu|babaThembu]] kwiTranskeian Territories kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yi[[I-Transkei|Mpuma]] [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] namhlanje eMzantsi Afrika. [ 7 ] Omnye woonyana bakaNgubengcuka, ogama linguMandela, yayinguyisemkhulu kaNelson kunye nemvelaphi yefani yakhe. [ 8 ] Ngenxa yokuba uMandela wayengumntwana weNkosi nomfazi wendlu ka-Ixhiba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Left-Hand House", inzala yesebe lakhe le-cadet yentsapho yasebukhosini yayingafanelanga ukufumana isihlalo sobukhosi kodwa ithathwa njengooceba basebukhosini. [ 9 ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] otiv5499t4i3i88k2ed1lyxsqicr7g6 40824 40746 2026-06-12T09:31:21Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] [[File:Young Mandela.jpg|thumb|Mandela, ~1937]] [[File:Nelson Mandela Marker, Cape Town, South Africa-3556.jpg|thumb|Mandela]] '''Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela''' (18 [[Eyekhala]] 1918— 5 [[Eyomnga]] 2013) Xhosa ===== '''Rholihlahla Dalibhunga'''. UNelson Rholihlahla Mandela wazalelwa eMvezo eMthatha waze wakhulela eQunu kwalapho eMthatha. UNelson Mandela wazalwa nguNosekeni Fanny kunye noGadla Henry Mphakanyiswa. Wafunda kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.ufh.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=University of Fort Hare {{!}} Together in Excellence|language=en-US}}</ref> eseDikeni nedyunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand apho wayefunda ezomthetho khona. Waba lilungu lombutho i'''''AN'''''C ([[African National Congress]]). ===== UMandela wayevalelwe kwisiqithi saseKapa (eRobben Island) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe apho wayesilwela khona inkululeko. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla weshumi elinanye (11) kweyoMdumba ngo1990. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Utata uNelson walwa ingcinezelo [[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Utata uNelson Mandela wayeneqabane lakhe uWinnie Madikizela Mandela owaba ngumfazi wakhe, banabantwana aba bini(2) waza kamva kakhulu watshata uGraca Machel. UTata uNelson Mandela wasweleka kunyaka ka2013 kwinyanga yoMnga, wangcwatyewa kwilali azalelwa kuyo ec. emvakweminyaka kwaphatha , u Jacob Nate Zuma wasuka ngoku siphethwe Nguyen Cyril Ramaphosa ukusukela ngonyaka 2019/2020 isizwe sethu sixakene ne ntsholongwane I covid19(Corona Virus 2019)...esisifo sasuka e Wuhung e China<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Qian|first=Libing|last2=Hu|first2=Yonghong|last3=Chen|first3=Zhiyuan|last4=Zhao|first4=Dong|last5=Dong|first5=Junjie|last6=Chen|first6=Xiaoling|date=2023-03-22|title=Temperature Dependence of Optical Bistability in Superconductor–Semiconductor Photonic Crystals Embedded with Graphene|url=https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030545|journal=Crystals|volume=13|issue=3|pages=545|doi=10.3390/cryst13030545|issn=2073-4352}}</ref> .a[ho kuye kwafuneka sinxibe i mask.ukuze singasulelani .. == Early life == === Ubuntwana: 1918–1934 === # UMandela wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala ngo-1918, kwilali yaseMvezo [[Mthatha]], ngexesha eyayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseKapa eMzantsi Afrika. [ 2 ] wanikwa igama langaphambili elithi Rolihlahla, [ a ] igama [[IsiXhosa|lesiXhosa]] elithetha “umkhathazi”, [ 5 ] kwaye kwiminyaka yamva waziwa ngesiduko sakhe, uMadiba. [ 6 ] Uyisemkhulu wakhe, [[U-Ngubengcuka|uNgubengcuka]], wayengumlawuli woBukumkani [[AbaThembu|babaThembu]] kwiTranskeian Territories kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yi[[I-Transkei|Mpuma]] [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] namhlanje eMzantsi Afrika. [ 7 ] Omnye woonyana bakaNgubengcuka, ogama linguMandela, yayinguyisemkhulu kaNelson kunye nemvelaphi yefani yakhe. [ 8 ] Ngenxa yokuba uMandela wayengumntwana weNkosi nomfazi wendlu ka-Ixhiba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Left-Hand House", inzala yesebe lakhe le-cadet yentsapho yasebukhosini yayingafanelanga ukufumana isihlalo sobukhosi kodwa ithathwa njengooceba basebukhosini. [ 9 ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 83w19h6th6hfrccrcteykaq98d6nxf0 0 2270 40763 30817 2026-06-12T08:30:08Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Port St Johns | native_name = | nickname = | image_skyline = Port St. Johns, town centre.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = iDolophu | latd = 31 | latm = 37 | lats = 15| latNS = S | longd = 29 | longm = 32 | longs = 40| longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline | coordinates_type = type:city(2000000)_region:ZA | image_map = sf-map.png | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | elevation_m = 7 | subdivision_type = Isizwe | subdivision_name = eMzantsi Afrika | subdivision_type1 = iPhondo | subdivision_name1 = [[iPhondo lase O.R.Tambo|O.R.Tambo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | settlement_type = iDolophu | population_total = 6441 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = SAST | utc_offset = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 5120 | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} == iDolophi le Ifumaneka [[iPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni|eMpumakoloni]] kwinxweme le '''Indian Ocean.''' yiDolophi encinene kakhulu apho unokufumana khona ingcuntswana labantu abahlakuyo, abantu abo bathetha [[ulwimi]] lwabo [[isiMpondo]], Amasiko nezithethe zabo zithande ukohluka kakhulu kunawa ma gcaleka na Mamfengu. == <gallery> Port St. Johns and the Umzimvubu River mouth from the old runway.JPG|Port St. Johns no Umzimvubu River Typical Port St. Johns flora.JPG|Port St. Johns flora The hill on top of which the old runway is located.JPG|Mount Thesiger </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:Port St Johns}} [[Category:iDolophu]] [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni]] pnxnt9fj9pizithtimwa7zoe2zq6xjo 40765 40763 2026-06-12T08:30:36Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last version by Aliwal2012: test edits, please use the sandbox 30817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Port St Johns | native_name = | nickname = | image_skyline = Port St. Johns, town centre.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = iDolophu | latd = 31 | latm = 37 | lats = 15| latNS = S | longd = 29 | longm = 32 | longs = 40| longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline | coordinates_type = type:city(2000000)_region:ZA | image_map = sf-map.png | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | elevation_m = 7 | subdivision_type = Isizwe | subdivision_name = eMzantsi Afrika | subdivision_type1 = iPhondo | subdivision_name1 = [[iPhondo lase O.R.Tambo|O.R.Tambo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | settlement_type = iDolophu | population_total = 6441 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = SAST | utc_offset = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 5120 | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} iDolophi le Ifumaneka [[iPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni|eMpumakoloni]] kwinxweme le Indian Ocean. yiDolophi encinene kakhulu apho unokufumana khona ingcuntswana labantu abahlakuyo, abantu abo bathetha [[ulwimi]] lwabo [[isiMpondo]], Amasiko nezithethe zabo zithande ukohluka kakhulu kunawa ma gcaleka na Mamfengu. <gallery> Port St. Johns and the Umzimvubu River mouth from the old runway.JPG|Port St. Johns no Umzimvubu River Typical Port St. Johns flora.JPG|Port St. Johns flora The hill on top of which the old runway is located.JPG|Mount Thesiger </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:Port St Johns}} [[Category:iDolophu]] [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni]] 832nh98mozyvnqxmhdviprkf08qz8rz 0 2345 40697 40674 2026-06-12T07:30:39Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40697 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|laseGauteng]], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-Atlantic ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> sk6v95r4ub6e6mj3a00nvtoynagawll 40700 40697 2026-06-12T07:33:38Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40700 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-Atlantic ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> hwh129fqv9b4foyc2n6951lu8zy86ce 40722 40700 2026-06-12T07:50:54Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40722 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]] ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> 7lbzd9001tci66d1r6wy03dyic0uc83 40736 40722 2026-06-12T08:08:03Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40736 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]] ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> a1h17pwxrncd016smvoy5flwevo383d 40739 40736 2026-06-12T08:09:11Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40739 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]] ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa<ref>{{Cite web|title=iKapa Group – iKapa Group|url=https://ikapagroup.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> 99lzhg1atlldf5b8mpx9ggd3w2y7k83 40740 40739 2026-06-12T08:10:24Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40740 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-11|title=World Edition|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/world/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa<ref>{{Cite web|title=iKapa Group – iKapa Group|url=https://ikapagroup.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}} <references /> 50ycukiqiw0eqcxzf2kt0ehfz6pw9ce 40742 40740 2026-06-12T08:11:28Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 linked to other source 40742 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-11|title=World Edition|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/world/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa<ref>{{Cite web|title=iKapa Group – iKapa Group|url=https://ikapagroup.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Table Mountain|url=https://www.tablemountain.net/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.tablemountain.net}}</ref><references /> 89yevyxrhppjxbu1fro3m4r645j3gqj 40782 40742 2026-06-12T08:34:47Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40782 wikitext text/x-wiki == yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwi'''Phondo lasentshona-Koloni''']]. == Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli|e'''Goli''']] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org lase'''Gauteng'''], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|lase'''Ntshona-Koloni''']], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini|'''eThekwini''']] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atl]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-11|title=World Edition|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/world/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref>[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|antic]] ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org ''Atlantic''.] iKapa<ref>{{Cite web|title=iKapa Group – iKapa Group|url=https://ikapagroup.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Table Mountain|url=https://www.tablemountain.net/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.tablemountain.net}}</ref><references /> 2g6c944n79h25pgtlatrd3dnxgyqmij 40784 40782 2026-06-12T08:35:04Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]) to last version by CharlieSakza2002: test edits, please use the sandbox 40742 wikitext text/x-wiki yeyona dolophu inkulu [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|kwiPhondo lasentshona-Koloni]]. Abantu abakule ndawo bazizigidi ezintathu. Zintathu ezona dolophu zakhe zankulu nezaziwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika. eyokuqala yidolophu yas[[eGoli]] ezinze kwiphondo [https://Iphondo&#x20;laseRhawutini.org laseGauteng], kulandele eyaseKapa yona iphaya kwiPhondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona-Koloni]], kugqibele idolophu yas[[eThekwini]] yona ikwiPhondo [[KwaZulu-Natal|lakwaZulu-Natal]]. Le dolophu yaseKapa ngqongwe lulwandle I-[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Atlantic]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-11|title=World Edition|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/world/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> ikapa iququnjelwe ngolwandleiKapa lesiiphethelo [[ulwandle]] olu[https://atlantic.org Atlantic.] iKapa<ref>{{Cite web|title=iKapa Group – iKapa Group|url=https://ikapagroup.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> ke iqulathe izinto ezinika umdla nezithi zibenomntsalane nakubemi bamanye amazwe. Lo nto ke ithi yenze ungeniso olumandla kwisizwe somzantsi Afrika. Ndothi ndikhankanye nje iznto ezimbalwa ezifana nolwandle, [[intaba]] iKapa yeyona ndawo intle elizweni liphela yaziwa njenge ntshona-koloni ilizwe lentlantsi, ikapaa lendawo ezibukekayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kukho iNtaba yeTafile (Table Mountain) kwaye likwanaso nesiqithi esaziwa ngokuba yi[[Robben island]] esikwincami yekapa enxwemeni lwelwandle kuhlala zonke intlanga kukho [[AmaXhosa|abaXhosa]], mangesi, abeSuthu nabanye nabanye basemaphandleni kukho namasebe wezemfundo aphambili jikelele UCT (University of Cape Town), CPUT (Cape Peninsula University of Cape Town) nezinye ke zkhna endingazikhankanyanga ezinje nge stellenbocsh kunye ne UWC.{{Infobox settlement|name=Cape Town|native_name={{small|{{Plainlist| * {{native name |af|Kaapstad}} * {{native name |xh|eKapa}} * {{native name|naq|ǁHui!gaeb}} }}}}|official_name=|settlement_type=[[Capital city]] ([[Legislature|legislative branch]])|image_skyline={{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2 | total_width = 320 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Cape Town City DSC 3621 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Skyline of the [[Cape Town CBD|Cape Town CBD]] | image2 = Camps bay (53460319478) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Camps Bay|Camps Bay Beach]] | image3 = Signal Hill and Ferris wheel from Victoria Wharf balcony, Cape Town.jpg | caption3 = [[V&A Waterfront]] | image4 = Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden 2024 7th batch 09 (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Garden]] | image5 = Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01 (cropped).jpg | caption5 = [[Castle of Good Hope]] | image6 = Kapské město, fotbalový stadion - Jihoafrická republika - panoramio (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Cape Town Stadium|DHL Stadium]] | image7 = CT City Hall with Palms.jpg | caption7 = [[Cape Town City Hall]] | image8 = Boe-Kaap (cropped 3).jpg | caption8 = [[Bo-Kaap]] | image9 = Cape Town Mountain.jpg | caption9 = [[Devil's Peak (Cape Town)|Devil's Peak]] and [[Table Mountain]] from [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] }}|image_flag=<!--Flag of Cape Town, South Africa.svg-->|image_shield=Coat of arms of Cape Town, South Africa.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=100px|blank_emblem_alt=|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Cape Town, South Africa.svg|blank_emblem_link=|motto={{lang|la|Spes Bona}} ([[Latin]] for "Good Hope")|pushpin_map=South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|South Africa}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Western Cape}}|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[City of Cape Town]]|subdivision_type4=Main Place|established_title=Founded|established_date={{start date and age|1652|4|6|df=y}}|established_title1=Municipal government|established_date1={{start date and age|1839|df=y}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="news24.com">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2018 |title=City of Cape Town announces new city manager |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085442/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-announces-new-city-manager-20180426 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref>|government_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Cape Town|Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Geordin Hill-Lewis]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|leader_title2=Deputy Mayor|leader_name2=[[Eddie Andrews (rugby union)|Eddie Andrews]] ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])|area_footnotes=<ref name="census-muni">{{Cite web |title=Community survey 2016 – City of Cape Town |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2016%20Community%20Survey%20Cape%20Town%20Trends.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425123037/http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Survey 2016 |publisher=Statistics South Africa}}</ref>|area_total_km2=2461<!-- urban: 400.28-->|elevation_max_m=1590.4|population_demonym=Capetonian|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2023-12-18 |title=Census 2022: Cape Town Profile |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/2022_Census_Cape_Town_profile.pdf |website=resource.capetown.gov.za}}</ref>|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=45.7%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=35.0%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.6%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=16.2%|demographics1_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics1_info5=1.5% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="muni_population">{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info1=35.7%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]}}|demographics2_info2=29.2%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info3=27.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|Other languages}}|demographics2_info4=7.3%{{efn|It is estimated that at least 90% of Capetonians can speak English, even though less than 30% speak it as their native language.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.expatinfodesk.com/destinations/cape-town/language/ | title=Cape Town Language Guide for Expats}}</ref>}}|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank_info_sec1=0.82<ref>{{Cite web |title=HDIs FOR CAPE TOWN AREAS |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141613/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2005/6/hdi_cape_metro_dev_report.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Western Cape Government}}</ref> – {{colour|darkgreen|very high}}|blank_name_sec2=[[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (2020)|blank_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]]121{{spaces}}billion<ref name="The 150 Richest cities in the world">{{Cite web |title=Richest cities in the world in 2020 by GDP |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174033/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2020.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec2=GMP per capita (2011)|blank1_info_sec2=US$19,656<ref name="brookingsgdp">{{Cite web |title=Global city GDP 2011 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref>|timezone1=[[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal codes]] (street)|postal_code=7400–8099|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=7000|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website={{URL|www.capetown.gov.za|capetown.gov.za}}|population_urban=433,688|population_metro=4,772,846<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic">{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Census_2022_Infographic.pdf |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=1,952<ref name="City of Cape Town Census 2022 Infographic"/>|population_density_urban_km2=1,083|population_metro_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2022)|population_urban_footnotes={{nbsp}}(2011)|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2011-place199041">{{Cite web |title=Cape Town, Main Place 199041 from Census 2011 |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731081139/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041 |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WesternCape.pdf#page17 |title=Community Survey 2016: Provincial profile: Western Cape |date=2018 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |page=7}}</ref>|population_rank=[[List of cities in Africa by population|13th]] in Africa<br />[[List of municipalities in South Africa|2nd]] in South Africa}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Table Mountain|url=https://www.tablemountain.net/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.tablemountain.net}}</ref><references /> 89yevyxrhppjxbu1fro3m4r645j3gqj 0 2683 40819 39834 2026-06-12T09:28:04Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = '''República Federativa do Brasil''' | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:Brazil (orthographic projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[I-Brasil]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiPhuthukezi]] | Isiphaluka = 8 515 767 km² | Uluntu = 212 559 417 (2020) |combatant3=|conflict=Brasil}} == '''IBrazil''' (ngesiPhuthukezi: ''Brasil''), ngokusesikweni eyi'''Riphabliki yoMbutho waseBrazil''', lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu e[[UmZantsi Melika|Mzantsi Melika]] nase[[Ilatin America|Latin Melika]]. Lilizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu ehlabathini, emva kwe[[IRashiya|Rashiya]], i[[Khanada]], i[[IShayina|Tshayina]], ne[[IYunayithedi Steyitsi|Melika]], kwaye lelesixhenxe ngobuninzi babantu. == IBrazil lilizwe kuphela eliseMzantsi Melika eliyikoloni yePhuthukezi kwaye apho ulwimi olusemthethweni sisi[[Ulwimi Portuguese|Phuthukezi]]. Eli lizwe lijikelezwe yi[[Ulwandle lweAtlantiki|Lwandlekazi iAtlantic]] ngasempumalanga, kwaye linomda othe kratya kunye nalo lonke ilizwe laseMzantsi Melika, ngaphandle kwe[[IChile|Chile]] ne-[[Ecuador]]. IBrazil yaziwa ngokuba ne[[Hlathi le Amazon]], elona hlathi likhulu kwihlabathi, kunye nolwimi, inkcubeko, nomculo wayo otshayelele ehlabathini, kunye nokuthandwa kakhulu kweBhola ekhatywayo. IKomkhulu yalo yeyase[[Brasilia|Brasília]], kanti idolophu enkulu ngabaantu yi[[São Paulo]]. == '''IJografi''' == IBrazil lolona nxalenye likhulu, laseMpumalanga nentla-mpuma ye[[UmZantsi Melika|Mzantsi Melika]]. * Ubume bomhlaba: Ubume beli lizwe bukwahlukahlukene kakhulu, ukusuka kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ukuya kumanxuwa olwandle athe tye. Ngaphakathi elizweni, ingingqi yolwandle isinika indawo ebanzi yentlambo yo[[Umlambo iAmazon|Mlambo iAmazon]]. * I-Amazon: Umaleko omkhulu wejografi yi[[Isitya saseAmazon|Amazon Basin]], apho kufumaneka khona uMlambo i-Amazon, uMlambo omde kakhulu ehlabathini (okanye owesibini omde kakhulu emva kwe[[I-Nile|Nayile]]), kunye neHlathi lase-Amazon, eliyikhaya lezilwanyana nezityalo ezininzi. * [[Imimandla yaseBrazil|Imimandla]]: Eli lizwe lahlulwe laba yimimandla emihlanu: [[Ummandla osemantla weBrazil|Umntla]], u[[Ummandla waseMntla-mpuma weBrazil|Mntla-mpuma]], u[[Umbindi-ntshona weNgingqi yaseBrazil|Mbindi-Ntshona]], u[[Ummandla okumazantsi-mpuma eBrazil|Mazantsi-mpuma]], kunye no[[Ummandla osemazantsi eBrazil|Mazantsi]]. * [[Imozulu yaseBrazil|Mozulu]]: Imeko yemozulu eBrazil [[Imozulu yeTropiki|yeyetropiki]] ikakhulu, ngamaqondo obushushu angatshintshiyo. Emazantsi, imozulu ifana [[Imozulu epholileyo|netemperate]], kwaye [[Kuyabanda|ibanda]] kancinane ngexesha lasebusika. [[File:Brazil_Labelled_Map.svg|center|thumb]] == '''IMbali''' == === Ixesha lobukoloni === Ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu, iBrazil yayihlala izizwe ezininzi [[Abantu bomthonyama|zabantu boMthonyama]]. Ngo-1500, umhloli wePhuthukezi, u''[[Pedro Álvares Cabral]],'' wafika kwindawo ngoku eyiBrazil, kwaye wayibanga i[[Photshugo|Phuthukezi]]. Kungekudala, iPhuthukezi yaqalisa ukwenza izityalo ezikhulu ze-[[sugar cane|Umdiza weswekile]], kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, iBrazil yaba yindawo enkulu yokuthenga nokuthengisa nga[[Ubukhoboka eBrazil|bakhoboka base-Afrika]]. Eli lizwe lafaka abakhoboka abaninzi baseAfrika kunalo naliphi na ilizwe l'''aseMelika.''' === '''Inkululeko nokuba yiRiphabliki''' === # [[Ukuzimela kweBrazil|Inkululeko]]: NgoSeptemba 7, 1822, iBrazil yabhengezwa ukuba ilizwe elizimeleyo ngu[[UPedro I waseBrazil|''Dom Pedro I'']], unyana weKumkani yasePhuthukezi, yaza yasekwa njengobukumkani (i-[[Ubukhosi baseBrazil|Empire yaseBrazil]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=US Census|title=Brazil Independence Day (1822): September 7, 2023|url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/brazil-independence-day.html|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=Census.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Brazilian Independence {{!}} World Civilizations II (HIS102) – Biel|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-fmcc-worldcivilization2/chapter/brazilian-independence/|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> # Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka: Ubukhoboka bapheliswa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngoMeyi 13, 1888, ngokuqulunqwa kwe[[Lei Áurea|Lei ''Áurea'']] (uMthetho oyiGolide), kwaye yaba lilizwe lokugqibela eNtshona ukukwenza oku.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2025-10-21|title=Brazil - Independence, Portuguese, Empire {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Independence|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> # [[I-Republic|IRiphabliki]]: Ngo-1889, kwabakho [[Icoup d'etat|''coup d'état'']] (ukuthathelwa amandla angaphandle komthetho) ng[[Imicimbi yomkhosi|umkhosi]], kwaye iBrazil yaba yiRiphabliki.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == '''Abalemi neelwimi''' == IBrazil lilizwe elineentlanga ezininzi neli-ethnic (i-mix yeentlanga). # [[Ipopulation|Inani labantu]]: Malunga ne-91% yabantu baseBrazil bahlala kwiindawo zasemadolophini. # Ulwimi: IsiPhuthukezi lulwimi olusemthethweni kwaye luqhelekile. Kukho neelwimi ezingama-200 zoMthonyama ezithethwayo. # [[Unqulo|Inkolo]]: Uninzi lwabantu lungama[[inkolo yamaKrestu|Kristu]] (ama-83.6%), ingakumbi i[[ICawa yamaKatolika|Katolika]] (ama-56.75%). == '''Uqoqosho''' == IBrazil ineyona qoqosho likhulu eLatin Melika, kwaye ngoku iqwalaselwa njengequmrhu elibalulekileyo kwih[[Uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe|labathi liphela]]. Lililungu le[[BRICS]]. # [[Ezolimo eBrazil|Ezolimo]]: Eli lizwe ngelinye lawona alimo makhulu ehlabathini. Liyinkokeli ekwenzeni i[[kofu]], [[iimbotyi zesoya]], [[iswekile]], kunye nenyama [[yenkomo]] neyeenkukhu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Economics|first=Benjamin Elisha Sawe in|date=2017-04-25|title=The Economy Of Brazil|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-economy-of-brazil.html|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Connecta|date=2024-08-22|title=Brazil Main Exports and Imports: Key Products and Insights|url=https://www.connecta-network.com/brazil-main-exports-and-imports-key-products-and-insights/|accessdate=2025-10-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2025-10-21|title=Brazil - Economy, Agriculture, Trade {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/The-economy|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Brazil’s Major Exports are Fueling Its Global Influence|url=https://www.eximpedia.app/blog/brazil-major-exports|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=eximpedia|language=English}}</ref> # [[Imigodi eBrazil|Imisebenzi Yemigodi]]: IBrazil ityebile kakhulu kumaminerali, kuquka i-[[Igoqo lentsimbi|iron ore]], i-[[bauxite]] (i-ore ye-aluminum), ne[[Itoti|tini]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> # [[Ishishini eBrazil|Imizi-mveliso]]: Idume ngemveliso yezi[[Imoto|thuthi]], [[iinqwelomoya]] (njenge-[[Embraer]]), izixhobo zombane, kunye ne-[[IPetroleum|petroleum]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> # Umbingelelo: Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lujongene nemingeni efana no[[Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho|kungalingani kwengeniso]] kunye neengxaki zokwenza imisebenzi. == '''Inkcubeko''' == [[Inkcubeko yaseBrazil|Inkcubeko yaseBrazil]] yimxube etyebileyo yeempembelelo zasePhuthukezi, zase-Afrika, nezabemi boMthonyama. # [[ICarnival]]: Owona msitho waziwayo wehlabathi yi[[Rio de Janeiro Carnival|Carnival yaseRio de Janeiro]], umnyhadala onomculo, ukudanisa ([[samba]]), kunye neempahla ezibengezelayo, obanjwa phambi kwe[[Ukuzila|Lente]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Everything You Need to Know About Rio de Janeiro Carnival|language=en|work=Discovery|url=https://www.discovery.com/exploration/rio-de-janeiro|access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Discoveries|first=Latin|title=Rio de Janeiro Carnival History|url=https://www.latindiscoveries.com/blog/15-brazil/39-rio-carnival-history|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=Latin Discoveries|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awayandco.com/away-tale/a-feast-for-the-eyes-the-story-behind-the-costumes-and-floats-that-awe-and-thrill/|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.awayandco.com}}</ref> # [[Umculo waseBrazil|Umculo]]: I-Brazil lilikhaya leentlobo zomculo ezahlukileyo, njengeSamba, i''[[Bossa Nova]]'', ne''[[Forró]]''. # [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|IBhola ekhatywayo]]: Ibhola ekhatywayo ayisiyomidlalo nje, kodwa iyinxalenye yesizwe. IBrazil yeyona ilizwe eliyintshatsheli kwi[[FIFuRoni da Futboll|Ndebe yeHlabathi]] kunezizwe zonke, iphumelele amaxesha amahlanu. # [[Ukutya kwaseBrazil|Ukutya]]: Ukutya kuquka i''-[[Feijoada]]'' (inyama yenkomo nenyama yehagu eneeembotyi ezimnyama) kunye ne-''[[Churrasco]]'' (inyama eyosiweyo). {{Commons category|Brasil}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:UmZantsi Melika]] 1mxq25shu5nyly7zh5qakvhdj2a4kwh 0 2723 40693 40366 2026-06-12T07:29:46Z Cokotho 16123 Linked the word amandla to another page 40693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Sun by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory - 20100819.jpg|thumb|right|]] '''ILanga''' (uphawu: [[file:Sun symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|☉]]) [[Inkwenkwezi|liyinkwenkwezi]] embindini weNkqubo yeLanga. Lisisangqa esikhulu kwaye sishushu, sivutha side sikhanye, sivuthiswa kukuxubana kwe-nyukliye encamini yaso, ekhupha [[Amandla osiba ekuphalazeni iimbilini|amandla]] wolophu ebusweni bayo aphuma sele ikukukhanya ukubonakalayo kunye nolopholubomvu ''(infrared)'' . Ilanga lingumthombo oyintloko wamandla empilo emhlabeni. Kusukela kudala izizwe ngezizwe zineenkolelo ngelanga nangezinye iinkwenkwezi. {{stub}} [[Category:IAstronomi]] q6hozof8zi7m5ub7mlp8bfc00w04oin 0 3198 40710 34483 2026-06-12T07:43:22Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked to another page 40710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gyzis 006 (Ηistoria).jpeg|thumb|Ngumfanekiso obizwa ngokuba yiHistoria lo otyunjwe nguNikolaos Gysis (1892)]] '''Imbali''' kukufunyanwa, ukuqokelelwa nokunikezelwa kwengxelo ngeziganeko ezedlulayo. Imbali ikwathetha ixesha emva kokuba ukubhala kuyiliwe. Iingcaphephe ezibhala ngeembali kuthiwa ngoonobalisa. Lo ngumbandela wophando osebenzisa ukubalisa ukuqwalasela nokuphonononga ukulandelana kweziganeko, yaye maxa wambi yenza uphando olungenamkhethe izibakala zokwenzekayo nokubanga oko kwenzeke ekudaleni iziganeko. Oonobalisa bayaxoxa ngobume bembali nokubaluleka kwayo. Nantso ke [https://www.scribd.com/document/816213685/Incwadana-Yokuziqhelanisa-Gr-10-Ikota-1-2022-002 ingxelo] ngembali. ndikhule ndingumtana ongena mama ndikhuliswa ngumhakhulu WAM ehlupheka kodwa asizange salala singatyanga mama wasweleka NGO 2002 wasishiya man nobhuti bam abathathu kodwa onse ubhti wan lo ndiza emva kwakhe wasishiya ubhuti WAM ubefundile the wakugqiba ukufunda waphangela emba konko wokakha indlu ekhaya the engekayifaki amazing wasweleka hyena munthu ebenika umakhulu ithemba ngoba man andaz kwenzekani ngam njengokuba sendilapha [[Uluhlu:Imbali| ]] swaepfyqk2znr44u0ckeeynhp71jx7i 0 3235 40751 39573 2026-06-12T08:20:49Z Sam17Qwa 13674 Improve existing contents 40751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Water droplet lying on a damask.jpg|thumb|Amanzi, njenge sixhobo sendalo esibalulekileyo.]] == Ngenxa yokuba imo yomhlaba esingqongileyo ikufuphi kwindawo ezintathu zamanzi, '''[[amanzi]]''' akhoyo eMhlabeni njengoluqilima, ulwelo kunye '''nomoya'''. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Butler|first=John|title=The Earth – Introduction – Weathering|url=https://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter6notes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130051934/https://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter6notes.html|archive-date=30 January 2023|accessdate=30 January 2023|publisher=University of Houston|quote=Note that the Earth environment is close to the triple point and that water, steam and ice can all exist at the surface.}}</ref> Yenza '''imvula''' ngendlela yemvula kwakunye ne -aerosols ngendlela yenkungu . '''[[Amafu]]''' aquka ''amathontsi'' amanzi kunye ''nomkhenkce,'' ubume obuqinileyo. Xa uhlalutya kakuhle, umkhenkce oyikristale unokuwa ngokwemo yekhephu. Ubume bomoya wamanzi<ref>https://amanzigame.co.za/</ref> ngumphunga okanye umphunga wamanzi . == Kubalulekile ukuba siwalondoloze amanzi. [[Uluhlu:Amanzi]] a1wua4ioqk1pssqn1qqko48apbm7hk4 0 3760 40711 33146 2026-06-12T07:43:26Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40711 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jacob G. Zuma - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg|thumbnail|uJacob Zuma, 2010]] '''[https://www.presidency.gov.za/former-president-jacob-zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma]''' (wazalwa ngomhla we-12 [[Tshazimpuzi]] 1942-) lo nguMongameli wase[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. Zuma wazalwa eNkandla kwiphondo lakwaZulu-Natal (elalisayakuphizwa ngokuba kuseZululand). Ngunyana kankosikazi uNobhekisisa Bessie noBawo u-Gcinamazwi Zuma. Umam'uBessie lo ke waye eyinkosikazi yesibini.kule nkosikazi enguNobhekisisa, u-Jacob uyinkulu kaBawo uGcinamazwi kubantwana bakhe abahlanu. Uyise kaJacob uGcinamazwi wayelipolisa. Wathi akusweleka, wahamba nonina uJacob wayakuhlala kulonina eMaphumulo. Kulapho wafika wolusa iinkomo zakulo nina, zabe zona iintanga zakhe zisiya esikolweni. UJacob wayesoloko endwendwela unina owayesebenza emakhitshini abelungu edolophini. Naye ke uGedleyihlekisa wayeman'ukufumana amatorhwana angacacanga ezivenkileni.jabob yena aka tholanga xeshaa lokuya yeza emfundo zake nje abantwana baye u zacob waphumela waba hi president yabo tattoo e mzantsi afrika ngo 2010 uqetele wa phumela uku phemela kwakhe beku yinto enhle yakhulu kakhulu emdenini wakibo umuntu uyazi khetela into ayi funayo empilweni yakhe muntu aka melanga a jonge emva kumele a beke ento ayenzayo anga pheli umoya never give up NgoSeptemba ka-2021, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yoMzantsi Afrika yasikhaba ngaw 'omane isicelo sikaMongameli uJacob Zuma sokuguqula isigqibo sakhe sokugweba iinyanga ezili-15 entolongweni ngenxa yokungahloniphi ubulungisa. {{DEFAULTSORT:Zuma, Jacob}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] {{stub}} 7hkczq4ssj2saxecf6jhfqzp1r57abo 40775 40711 2026-06-12T08:32:58Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jacob G. Zuma - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg|thumbnail|uJacob Zuma, 2010]] * '''[https://www.presidency.gov.za/former-president-jacob-zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma]''' (wazalwa ngomhla we-12 [[Tshazimpuzi]] 1942-) lo nguMongameli wase[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. Zuma wazalwa eNkandla kwiphondo lakwaZulu-Natal (''elalisayakuphizwa ngokuba kuseZululand''). Ngunyana kankosikazi uNobhekisisa Bessie noBawo u-Gcinamazwi Zuma. Umam'uBessie lo ke waye eyinkosikazi yesibini.kule nkosikazi enguNobhekisisa, u-Jacob uyinkulu kaBawo uGcinamazwi kubantwana bakhe abahlanu. Uyise kaJacob uGcinamazwi wayelipolisa. Wathi akusweleka, wahamba nonina uJacob wayakuhlala kulonina eMaphumulo. Kulapho wafika wolusa iinkomo zakulo nina, zabe zona iintanga zakhe zisiya esikolweni. '''UJacob''' wayesoloko endwendwela unina owayesebenza ema'''Gedlekhitshin'''i abelungu edolophini. Naye ke uyihlekisa wayeman'ukufumana amatorhwana angacacanga ezivenkileni.jabob yena aka tholanga xeshaa lokuya yeza emfundo zake nje abantwana baye u zacob waphumela waba hi president yabo tattoo e mzantsi afrika ngo '''2010''' uqetele wa phumela uku phemela kwakhe beku yinto enhle yakhulu kakhulu emdenini wakibo umuntu uyazi khetela into ayi funayo empilweni yakhe muntu aka melanga a jonge emva kumele a beke ento ayenzayo anga pheli umoya never give up # NgoSeptemba ka-2021, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yoMzantsi Afrika yasikhaba ngaw 'omane isicelo sikaMongameli uJacob Zuma sokuguqula isigqibo sakhe sokugweba iinyanga ezili-15 entolongweni ngenxa yokungahloniphi ubulungisa.{{DEFAULTSORT:Zuma, Jacob}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] # {{stub}} 6o1ie41zxc8aluo2qekcl9ehz9y26qn 40778 40775 2026-06-12T08:33:54Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jacob G. Zuma - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg|thumbnail|uJacob Zuma, 2010]] * '''[https://www.presidency.gov.za/former-president-jacob-zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma]''' (wazalwa ngomhla we-12 [[Tshazimpuzi]]'''[[Tshazimpuzi]]''' 1942-) lo nguMongameli wase[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. Zuma wazalwa eNkandla kwiphondo lakwaZulu-Natal (''elalisayakuphizwa ngokuba kuseZululand''). Ngunyana kankosikazi uNobhekisisa Bessie noBawo u-Gcinamazwi Zuma. Umam'uBessie lo ke waye eyinkosikazi yesibini.kule nkosikazi enguNobhekisisa, u-Jacob uyinkulu kaBawo uGcinamazwi kubantwana bakhe abahlanu. Uyise kaJacob uGcinamazwi wayelipolisa. Wathi akusweleka, wahamba nonina uJacob wayakuhlala kulonina eMaphumulo. Kulapho wafika wolusa iinkomo zakulo nina, zabe zona iintanga zakhe zisiya esikolweni. '''UJacob''' wayesoloko endwendwela unina owayesebenza ema'''Gedlekhitshin'''i abelungu edolophini. Naye ke uyihlekisa wayeman'ukufumana amatorhwana angacacanga ezivenkileni.jabob yena aka tholanga xeshaa lokuya yeza emfundo zake nje abantwana baye u zacob waphumela waba hi president yabo tattoo e mzantsi afrika ngo '''2010''' uqetele wa phumela uku phemela kwakhe beku yinto enhle yakhulu kakhulu emdenini wakibo umuntu uyazi khetela into ayi funayo empilweni yakhe muntu aka melanga a jonge emva kumele a beke ento ayenzayo anga pheli umoya never give up # ''NgoSeptemba ka-2021'', iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yoMzantsi Afrika yasikhaba ngaw 'omane isicelo sikaMongameli uJacob Zuma sokuguqula isigqibo sakhe sokugweba iinyanga ezili-15 entolongweni ngenxa yokungahloniphi ubulungisa.{{DEFAULTSORT:Zuma, Jacob}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] # {{stub}} c5gnbfjrr51j8xu2yq6swmmop046y0m 0 3905 40770 36599 2026-06-12T08:31:10Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 improved an article 40770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Creation of the Sun and Moon face detail.jpg|thumbnail]] UThixo wenyaniso nguMdali wezinto zonke. Akanasiqalo, engasoze abe naso nesiphelo. (INdumiso 90:2) UnguMthombo weendaba ezilungileyo esizeBhayibhileni. (1 Timoti 1:11) Ekubeni uThixo esinike ubomi, sifanele sinqule yena yedwa. (ISityhilelo 4:11) == __LEAD_SECTION__ == == '''UThixo''', kwisivumo sokholo oluseBhayibhileni nobuKristu, uyinto enye (ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye). Ngokukodwa, amaKristu aphinda afunda ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye ekukhanyeni ukuzalwa kukaKristu okuchazwe kwiTestamente Entsha . UThixo unguMntu wanaphakade owadala kwaye wagcina ihlabathi. uThixo ungaphaya kwamandla (uzimele geqe ngokupheleleyo yaye wahlukile kwindalo ebonakalayo) yaye unamandla (ihlabathi). <ref name="Leith55">[[John Haddon Leith|John H. Leith]], ''Basic Christian Doctrine'', 1992, pp. 55-56. ISBN 0-664-25192-7</ref> <ref name="Millard87">Millard J. Erickson, ''Introducing Christian Doctrine'', 2ª ed., 2001, pp. 87-88. ISBN 0-8010-2250-9</ref> Iimfundiso zobuKristu zokungena nokubandakanyeka kukaThixo nothando lwakhe ngoluntu aluyifaki inkolelo yokuba uThixo ukwimo enye nendalo iphela. <ref name="Berkhof, L. 1963, p.61">L. Berkhof, ''Systematic Theology'', Banner of Truth, 1963, p.61.</ref> == * Ukutolikwa kukaThixo kubuKristu bokuqala kwachazwa kwiiNcwadi zikaPawulos nakwizivumo zokholo zamaKristu okuqala <ref group="Nota">Forse anche nei credi pre-paolini.</ref> ezazivakalisa uThixo omnye nobuThixo bukaYesu phantse ngaxeshanye, njengakwiLeta yokuQala eya kwabaseKorinte ( {{passo biblico|1Corinzi|8:5-6|libro=no}} ): “Yaye eneneni, nangona kukho ekuthiwa bangoothixo emazulwini nasemhlabeni (kwanjengokuba kukho ‘oothixo’ abaninzi ‘neenkosi’ ezininzi), kuthi thina mnye uThixo, ''uYise'' eziphuma kuye zonke izinto. nathi ke sikuye; inye iNkosi, uYesu Kristu, ezingaye zonke izinto; <ref name="Larry12">[[Larry Hurtado|Larry W. Hurtado]], ''One God, One Lord'', 2003, pp 1-2. ISBN 0-567-08987-8</ref> <ref name="BWell424">David E. Aune (ed.), ''The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament'', 2010, p. 424. ISBN 1-4051-0825-8</ref> <ref name="Udo396">Udo Schnelle, ''Apostle Paul: His Life and Theology'', 2005, p. 396. ISBN 0-8010-2796-9</ref> Oku kwaqalisa ukwahlula iinkolelo zamaKristu ngoThixo kwiimfundiso zamaYuda zelo xesha. <ref name="Larry12" /> '''Imfundiso''' yobuthixo yeempawu zikaThixo kunye nendalo iye yaxutyushwa ukususela ekuqaleni kobuKristu, kunye no-Irenaeus wabhala ngenkulungwane yesi-2 : "Ubukhulu bakhe abuswele nto, kodwa buqulethe zonke izinto." <ref name="Irena27">Eric Osborn, ''Irenaeus of Lyons'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 27-29. ISBN 978-0-521-67572-7</ref> Ngenkulungwane yesi-8, uYohane waseDamasko wadwelisa iimpawu ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezisamkelwa kakhulu namhlanje. <ref name="Globe352">William A. Dyrness, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Juan F. Martinez e Simon Chan, ''Global Dictionary of Theology'', 2008, pp. 352-353. ISBN 0-8308-2454-5</ref> Ngokuthe ngcembe abefundisi bezakwalizwi bavelisa uludwe olucwangcisiweyo lwezo mpawu, ezinye zisekelwe kwiingcamango zeBhayibhile (ngokomzekelo, ''[[Bawo osezulwini|uMthandazo weNkosi]]'', othi uBawo usemazulwini ), ezinye zisekelwe kwingqiqo yezakwalizwi. <ref name="SGuthrie">Shirley C. Guthrie, ''Christian Doctrine'', 1994, pp. 100 e 111. ISBN 0-664-25368-7</ref> <ref name="Hirschberger">Johannes Hirschberger, ''Historia de la Filosofía I'', Barcellona:Herder 1977, p. 403.</ref> UBukumkani bukaThixo libinzana elibalaseleyo kwiincwadi zeVangeli. <ref name="Image478">''Dictionary of Biblical Imagery'' curato da Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit e Tremper Longman III, 1998, pp. 478-479. ISBN 0-8308-1451-5</ref> <ref name="FranceK1">R.T. France, ''Divine Government: God's Kingship in the Gospel of Mark'', 2003, pp. 1-3. ISBN 1-57383-244-8</ref> # Itestamente entsha uthetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngoYise, uNyana noMoya oyiNgcwele. Oku akuze kube "yitrideism" kwaye akuthethi ukuba oothixo abathathu. Imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo: “UThixo Omnye ukwiZiqu Ezithathu neSiqu esinye, njengoThixo uYise, uNyana, uMoya Oyingcwele.” Uninzi lwamaKristu, bayayingqina le ngcamango njengesiseko sokholo lwabo. <references /> 6acotspghpc15ayz4ggc91k940htmak 40781 40770 2026-06-12T08:34:32Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/EnzoNomcutsha|EnzoNomcutsha]] ([[User talk:EnzoNomcutsha|talk]]) to last version by Enterosquet: test edits, please use the sandbox 36599 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Creation of the Sun and Moon face detail.jpg|thumbnail]] UThixo wenyaniso nguMdali wezinto zonke. Akanasiqalo, engasoze abe naso nesiphelo. (INdumiso 90:2) UnguMthombo weendaba ezilungileyo esizeBhayibhileni. (1 Timoti 1:11) Ekubeni uThixo esinike ubomi, sifanele sinqule yena yedwa. (ISityhilelo 4:11) == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''UThixo''', kwisivumo sokholo oluseBhayibhileni nobuKristu, uyinto enye (ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye). Ngokukodwa, amaKristu aphinda afunda ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye ekukhanyeni ukuzalwa kukaKristu okuchazwe kwiTestamente Entsha . UThixo unguMntu wanaphakade owadala kwaye wagcina ihlabathi. uThixo ungaphaya kwamandla (uzimele geqe ngokupheleleyo yaye wahlukile kwindalo ebonakalayo) yaye unamandla (ihlabathi). <ref name="Leith55">[[John Haddon Leith|John H. Leith]], ''Basic Christian Doctrine'', 1992, pp. 55-56. ISBN 0-664-25192-7</ref> <ref name="Millard87">Millard J. Erickson, ''Introducing Christian Doctrine'', 2ª ed., 2001, pp. 87-88. ISBN 0-8010-2250-9</ref> Iimfundiso zobuKristu zokungena nokubandakanyeka kukaThixo nothando lwakhe ngoluntu aluyifaki inkolelo yokuba uThixo ukwimo enye nendalo iphela. <ref name="Berkhof, L. 1963, p.61">L. Berkhof, ''Systematic Theology'', Banner of Truth, 1963, p.61.</ref> Ukutolikwa kukaThixo kubuKristu bokuqala kwachazwa kwiiNcwadi zikaPawulos nakwizivumo zokholo zamaKristu okuqala <ref group="Nota">Forse anche nei credi pre-paolini.</ref> ezazivakalisa uThixo omnye nobuThixo bukaYesu phantse ngaxeshanye, njengakwiLeta yokuQala eya kwabaseKorinte ( {{passo biblico|1Corinzi|8:5-6|libro=no}} ): “Yaye eneneni, nangona kukho ekuthiwa bangoothixo emazulwini nasemhlabeni (kwanjengokuba kukho ‘oothixo’ abaninzi ‘neenkosi’ ezininzi), kuthi thina mnye uThixo, uYise eziphuma kuye zonke izinto. nathi ke sikuye; inye iNkosi, uYesu Kristu, ezingaye zonke izinto; <ref name="Larry12">[[Larry Hurtado|Larry W. Hurtado]], ''One God, One Lord'', 2003, pp 1-2. ISBN 0-567-08987-8</ref> <ref name="BWell424">David E. Aune (ed.), ''The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament'', 2010, p. 424. ISBN 1-4051-0825-8</ref> <ref name="Udo396">Udo Schnelle, ''Apostle Paul: His Life and Theology'', 2005, p. 396. ISBN 0-8010-2796-9</ref> Oku kwaqalisa ukwahlula iinkolelo zamaKristu ngoThixo kwiimfundiso zamaYuda zelo xesha. <ref name="Larry12" /> Imfundiso yobuthixo yeempawu zikaThixo kunye nendalo iye yaxutyushwa ukususela ekuqaleni kobuKristu, kunye no-Irenaeus wabhala ngenkulungwane yesi-2 : "Ubukhulu bakhe abuswele nto, kodwa buqulethe zonke izinto." <ref name="Irena27">Eric Osborn, ''Irenaeus of Lyons'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 27-29. ISBN 978-0-521-67572-7</ref> Ngenkulungwane yesi-8, uYohane waseDamasko wadwelisa iimpawu ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezisamkelwa kakhulu namhlanje. <ref name="Globe352">William A. Dyrness, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Juan F. Martinez e Simon Chan, ''Global Dictionary of Theology'', 2008, pp. 352-353. ISBN 0-8308-2454-5</ref> Ngokuthe ngcembe abefundisi bezakwalizwi bavelisa uludwe olucwangcisiweyo lwezo mpawu, ezinye zisekelwe kwiingcamango zeBhayibhile (ngokomzekelo, ''[[Bawo osezulwini|uMthandazo weNkosi]]'', othi uBawo usemazulwini ), ezinye zisekelwe kwingqiqo yezakwalizwi. <ref name="SGuthrie">Shirley C. Guthrie, ''Christian Doctrine'', 1994, pp. 100 e 111. ISBN 0-664-25368-7</ref> <ref name="Hirschberger">Johannes Hirschberger, ''Historia de la Filosofía I'', Barcellona:Herder 1977, p. 403.</ref> UBukumkani bukaThixo libinzana elibalaseleyo kwiincwadi zeVangeli. <ref name="Image478">''Dictionary of Biblical Imagery'' curato da Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit e Tremper Longman III, 1998, pp. 478-479. ISBN 0-8308-1451-5</ref> <ref name="FranceK1">R.T. France, ''Divine Government: God's Kingship in the Gospel of Mark'', 2003, pp. 1-3. ISBN 1-57383-244-8</ref> Itestamente entsha uthetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngoYise, uNyana noMoya oyiNgcwele. Oku akuze kube "yitrideism" kwaye akuthethi ukuba oothixo abathathu. Imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye inokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo: “UThixo Omnye ukwiZiqu Ezithathu neSiqu esinye, njengoThixo uYise, uNyana, uMoya Oyingcwele.” Uninzi lwamaKristu, bayayingqina le ngcamango njengesiseko sokholo lwabo. <references /> cfgapddkol8johp9y60lo3l4xpj6afd 0 3909 40814 37167 2026-06-12T09:20:12Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40814 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyl ruffus 061212 2021 tdp.jpg|thumbnail]] '''Iinyoka''' zizilwanyana [[ezirhubuluzayo]]. ziyinxalenye ye[[Order (biology)|yosapho]] lwe[[Squamata]]. [[Azinamilenze]], azina[[lizwi]], azina[[ndlebe]], zingenaso ne[[sikhumba sokuvala amehlo]]. Nangona kunjalo, iinyoka zizilwanyana ezinempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwezilwanyana ezitya ezinye, zinee[[iintsapho|ntsapho]] ezingama-20, nezinye ezingama500 kunye nama-and 3,400 [[eentlobo ntlobo zeenyoka]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174118 |taxon=Serpentes |accessdate=3 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NRDB-Cs">[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/search.php?taxon=snake&submit=Search snake species list] at the [http://reptile-database.org/ Reptile Database]. Accessed 22 May 2012.</ref> Zinemizimba emide nebhityileyo, <ref name="BOE">{{Cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550283/snake|title=snake (reptile) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia|work=britannica.com|accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref> kwaye, zingenamilenze zinjalo, zinendlela yazo ezihamba ngayo kunjalo nje zihamba kakhulu. Uninzi Lazo luhlala kwi[[tropics]]. Zimbalwa kakhulu iinyoka ezihlala ngaphaya kwe[[Tropic of Cancer]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Samlowski|first=Wolfram E.|last2=Moon|first2=James|last3=Witter|first3=Merle|last4=Atkins|first4=Michael B.|last5=Kirkwood|first5=John M.|last6=Othus|first6=Megan|last7=Ribas|first7=Antoni|last8=Sondak|first8=Vernon K.|last9=Flaherty|first9=Lawrence E.|date=2017-10-10|title=High frequency of brain metastases after adjuvant therapy for high‐risk melanoma|url=https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1223|journal=Cancer Medicine|volume=6|issue=11|pages=2576–2585|doi=10.1002/cam4.1223|issn=2045-7634}}</ref> okanye [[iTropic of Capricorn]], lunye kuphela uhlobo, yiviper eqhelekileyo i(''Vipera berus'') ehlala ngaphaya kwe[[Arctic Circle]]. Isikhuma sayo sogqunywe ngo[[qweqwe]]. <ref name="BOE"/> Zibona akuhle, kunjalo nje ziyakwazi ukuva ivumba ngolwimi lwazo ngokuthi ziman'ukulikhuphela ngaphandle ziphinde zilungenise ngaphakathi. Azidibani ke nokungcangcazela komhlaba. Nangona zingenalizwi, ziya[[swesweza]]. Inkoliso yazo zihlala emhlabeni, ezinye zihlala emanzini, ezimbalwa zihlala ngaphantsi ko[[mhlaba]]. Njengazo zonke izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iinyoka zifuna ubushushu [[belanga]] ukuze zikwazi ukulawula ubushushu bemizimba yazo. Yiyi le nto iinyoka ezininzi zihlala kubushushu [[obunomoya ofumileyo]] bakwingingqi ye[[tropical]] kwihlabathi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antiguanracer.org/html/racer/snakef.htm|title=Snake facts|work=antiguanracer.org|accessdate=4 May 2010|archive-date=6 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106090629/http://www.antiguanracer.org/html/racer/snakef.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Ukukhangela== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ezihlambulukileyo‎]] {{Stub}} 5dsu6zz94xtrg2bxfxe5329eadbxume 0 3915 40772 36809 2026-06-12T08:32:06Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Good Food Display - NCI Visuals Online.jpg|thumb|260px|Iintlobo-ntlobo zokutya]] [[File:Foods (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Ukutya okuvela kwizityalo]] * '''Ukutya''' yiyo nantonina <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212568/food Encyclopædia Britannica definition]</ref> esisondlo nenkxaso yomzimba. Idla ngokuba yinto esuka kwisityalo okanye isilwanyana ngokwemveli, kwaye iba yinto equlathe izakha mzimba ezinje ngamafutha, iiproteyini, iivithamini, okanye iityuwa neeswekile zomzimba . Zonke ke ezi zinto zikukutya okuthi kungeniswe emzimbeni zizidalwa eziphilayo zize ke iimbewu zegazi (iicell) zomzimba zizithaphulele ke kuzo ezi zinto zikukutya ngeenjongo zokuba zibenamandla, zibenobomi, okanye zikhule kakuhle. * HNgokwembali, abantu bazigcinela ukutya ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokuzingela nangokudibana, nangokulima. Namhlanje, inkoliso yokutya kwamandla okufunwa ngamandla kukwanda koluntu lwehlabathi kuziswa ngamashishini okutya. * Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokugcinwa kokutya kukhuselekile kusesweni lwamagosa anjenge International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, okanye International Food Information Council. * ''Imithomba'' * {{reflist}} [[Category:Ukutya| ]] [[Category:NUTRITION]] aa56jj0dzw1yd0d0mupj39f44tggvqf 0 3954 40703 37726 2026-06-12T07:35:57Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marketvegetables.jpg|thumbnail]] [[File:Tomatoes for sale in Johannesburg.jpeg|thumbnail]] Asetyenziswa ngemihla, '''imifuno''' yiyo nayiphi na inxalenye yesityalo ukuba ningagqitywa ngabantu njengoko ukutya njengenxalenye yesidlo okunencasa. Igama elithi "yemifuno" liphantse engenasizathu, kunye becala kuchaziwe ngesithethe okupheka nenkcubeko. Idla ngaphandle nokunye ukutya efunyenwe kwi izityalo ezifana i[https://Iziqhamo.org ziqhamo], iinqoba, ezinokutya okuziinkozo, kodwa kuquka iimbewu ezifana idanyaze. Intsingiselo lokuqala yemifuno ilizwi, isasetyenziswa nangoku zebhayoloji, ukuba ukuchaza zonke iintlobo zezityalo, njengoko kwi ngokwemiqathango "ubukumkani yemifuno" kwaye "izityalo". Ekuqaleni, imifuno yaqokelelwa endle ngokuzingela waza wangena nokulima kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, mhlawumbi ngethuba elisusela kwi-10,000 BC ukuya 7000 BC, xa indlela entsha yezolimo yobomi kuphuhliswa. Ekuqaleni, izityalo owakhulayo ekuhlaleni ange sasilinywa, kodwa njengoko ixesha lihamba, urhwebo wazisa izityalo zamanye ukusuka kwenye ukongeza iintlobo zasekhaya. Kule mihla, imifuno uninzi bakhulile lonke ihlabathi asivumela kwemozulu, kwaye izityalo ukuze kulinywa kwiindawo ekhuselweyo kwiindawo ngaphantsi ezifanelekileyo. China ke ngoyena mvelisi kwemifuno, kunye kurhwebo lwehlabathi iimveliso zezolimo ivumela abathengi ukuba bathenge imifuno ezikhuliselwe kumazwe akude. [[Isikali]] imveliso yahluka ukusuka kumafama ashishinayo axhobisa iimfuno zentsapho zabo ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa yesonka, ukuze ezolimo kunye acreages ezininzi izityalo elinye-kwimveliso. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yemifuno ochaphazelekayo, evuna isivuno ilandelwa kwalungiswa, ukugcina, ukuqhuba nokwazisa. Imifuno kungatyiwa nokuba ukrwada okanye uphekiwe kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ukutya babantu, ukuba kakhulu asezantsi kukutyeba necarbohydrates, kodwa eziphakamileyo weevithamini, iiminerali kunye nefayibha. Oorhulumente abaninzi ukukhuthaza abemi babo ukuba awadubadube kakhulu iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, izabelo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku speho kunconyelwayo. [[Category:Ukutya]] [[Category:Izityalo]] rvjgi0ymvb6jo1xw2bb8a9hc8a4bfuy 40704 40703 2026-06-12T07:38:05Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marketvegetables.jpg|thumbnail]] [[File:Tomatoes for sale in Johannesburg.jpeg|thumbnail]] Asetyenziswa ngemihla, '''imifuno''' yiyo nayiphi na inxalenye yesityalo ukuba ningagqitywa ngabantu njengoko ukutya njengenxalenye yesidlo okunencasa. Igama elithi "yemifuno" liphantse engenasizathu, kunye becala kuchaziwe ngesithethe okupheka nenkcubeko. Idla ngaphandle nokunye ukutya efunyenwe kwi izityalo ezifana i[https://Iziqhamo.org ziqhamo], iinqoba, ezinokutya okuziinkozo, kodwa kuquka iimbewu ezifana idanyaze. Intsingiselo lokuqala yemifuno [https://ilizwi.org ilizwi], isasetyenziswa nangoku zebhayoloji, ukuba ukuchaza zonke iintlobo zezityalo, njengoko kwi ngokwemiqathango "ubukumkani yemifuno" kwaye "izityalo". Ekuqaleni, imifuno yaqokelelwa endle ngokuzingela waza wangena nokulima kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, mhlawumbi ngethuba elisusela kwi-10,000 BC ukuya 7000 BC, xa indlela entsha yezolimo yobomi kuphuhliswa. Ekuqaleni, izityalo owakhulayo ekuhlaleni ange sasilinywa, kodwa njengoko ixesha lihamba, urhwebo wazisa izityalo zamanye ukusuka kwenye ukongeza iintlobo zasekhaya. Kule mihla, imifuno uninzi bakhulile lonke ihlabathi asivumela kwemozulu, kwaye izityalo ukuze kulinywa kwiindawo ekhuselweyo kwiindawo ngaphantsi ezifanelekileyo. China ke ngoyena mvelisi kwemifuno, kunye kurhwebo lwehlabathi iimveliso zezolimo ivumela abathengi ukuba bathenge imifuno ezikhuliselwe kumazwe akude. [[Isikali]] imveliso yahluka ukusuka kumafama ashishinayo axhobisa iimfuno zentsapho zabo ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa yesonka, ukuze ezolimo kunye acreages ezininzi izityalo elinye-kwimveliso. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yemifuno ochaphazelekayo, evuna isivuno ilandelwa kwalungiswa, ukugcina, ukuqhuba nokwazisa. Imifuno kungatyiwa nokuba ukrwada okanye uphekiwe kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ukutya babantu, ukuba kakhulu asezantsi kukutyeba necarbohydrates, kodwa eziphakamileyo weevithamini, iiminerali kunye nefayibha. Oorhulumente abaninzi ukukhuthaza abemi babo ukuba awadubadube kakhulu iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, izabelo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku speho kunconyelwayo. [[Category:Ukutya]] [[Category:Izityalo]] tcjkosyxkdwvrig3oxqi82fdm4k2dw9 0 3974 40718 39414 2026-06-12T07:48:57Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Steve Biko on Flyer for Steve Biko Memorial at the Carver Cultural Center.jpg|thumb|right|alt| '''Stephen Bantu Biko'''<br> '''Umhla Wokuzalwa''' 18 EyoMnga 1946 eGinsberg, eMzantsi Afrika<br><br> '''Umhla Wokusweleka''' 12 EyoMsintsi 1977 (iminyaka eyi-30) ePitoli, eMzantsi Afrika <br><br> '''Umsebenzi''' Umntu ofak’isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo (Anti-Apartheid Activist)<br><br> '''Imibutho''' South African Students' Organisation; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention Black People's Convention ]<br><br> '''Inkosikazi''' Ntsiki Mashalaba <br><br> '''Iqabane''' [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamphele_Ramphele Mamphele Ramphele ]<br><br> '''Abantwana''' 5, bequka kunye no[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlumelo_Biko Hlumelo Biko]]]<br><br> '''U[https://sahistory.org.za/people/stephen-bantu-biko Bantu Stephen Biko]''' walibona ilanga ngonyaka we (18 kweyoMnga 1946, ze latshona ilanga ngomhla we 12 EyoMsintsi 1977) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo. Nje ngomthandi weAfrika kunye nomququzeleli wokuqinisekisa ukuba ubutyebi belizwe bufunyanwa ngumntu wonke, uBiko wayephambili kwiphulo olwaluchasene nocalu-calulo, yaye lubeka phambili ukuzingca ngobumnyama [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement iBlack Consciousness Movement] ngonyaka ka 1960 ukuya kunyaka ka 1970. Iingcamango zakhe zazichazwe kuluhlu lwamanqaku ayepapashwe phantsi kwegama elingu "Frank Talk" <ref>(Matebese, Ngetyi)</ref> == Imvelaphi == Wakhulela kusapho oluhluphekileyo lwamaXhosa kwilokishi yase [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsberg,_Eastern_Cape Ginsberg] eMpuma Koloni. Ngonyaka we-1966 waqala izifundo zobu Gqirha kwiDyunivesithi yaseNatal apho waye wangena kumbutho wabafundi i-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03212.htm NUSAS] . Ekulweni kwakhe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid ingcinezelo] nempatho mbi yabantu abamnyama, yaye yamphatha kakubi imeko yokuba iNUSAS kunye neminye imibutho eyayisilwa ingcinezelo yayilawulwa ngabantu abamhlophe ababelwela inkululeko, ingabo abaninzi kunabantu abamnyama, eyayingabona bantu bacinezelekileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba, nangona abantu abamhlophe babeneenjongo ezilungileyo, babengenakuze bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo intlungu yethu ngokuba babephela befuna ukulawula. <ref>(Gqomo and Ngqezana)</ref>. Wakha uluvo lokuba, ukuba abantu abamnyama bafuna ukulwisana nongonyamelo lwabantu abamhlophe kufuneka bazimele ngokunokwabo, ngenxa yoluluvo wanqenqeza phambili ekwakhiweni kombutho iSouth African Students’ Organization ([https://xh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Biko&action=edit&section=3 SASO]) ngonyaka we-1968. Ubulungu babuvumeleke kubantu “abamnyama” kuphela, eligama lalingabhekisi kubantu abathetha iiliwimi zesintu kuphela laliquka abantu bebala (Coloureds) kwakunye namaNdiya. Wayeyilumkele kakhulu into yokugcina abantu abamhlophe embuthweni, echasene nobuhlanga kwaye ekwanazo izihlobo nezinqanda-mathe zabelungu. Walixhasa elinyathelo urhulumente weNational Party ekuqaleni elibona elinyathelo lokwakhiwa kweSASO njengoloyiso lesiseko se-apateyiti socalu-calulo. Wayephembelelwa ngu[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Fanon Franz Fanon] kwakunye ne[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power African-American Black Power.] <ref>(Bonga Centwa)</ref> Ngokufumani ifuthe kuFrantz Fanon kunye nombutho iAfrican-American Black Power movement (waMandla wama-Afrika aseMelika), uBiko namaqabane akhe baphuhlisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (yoKuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama), ngcamango leyo yayi yeyona ngcamango ingundoqo yombutho iSASO. Lo mbutho waququzelela isiphelo socalucalulo ukuze uMzantsi Afrika udlulele uye kwisigaba sonyulo esibandakanye wonke ummi kwakunye noqoqosho olugxile ekuxhamleni kwindyebo yelizwe. Lo mbutho waququzela [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack Community Programmes (BCP) (Iinkqubo zoLuntu Olumnyama)] kwaye begxile ekuphuhliseni nasephuhliseni ulwazi kubantu abamnyana ngokwasengqondweni. UBiko wayekholelwa ekubeni abantu abamnyama kufuneka bezahlukanise nayiphi imeko nengcamango yokuzijongela phantsi ngokohlanga, ngcamango leyo wayeyisebenzisa ukugqamisa intetha ethi [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_is_beautiful “black is beautiful” (“ubumnyama buhle”)]. Ngonyaka we-1972, wayengomnye wabaqulunqi bombutho [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack People’s Convention (BPC) (Ingqun gquthela yaBantu Abamnyama)] ukuphakamisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (Ukuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama) kuluntu jikelele. <ref>(Zikho Dana)</ref> Iingoma ezininzi nemisebenzi yezobugcisa zazingaye,kanajalo kwakukho ukungavisisani malunga nokuba ilifa lakhe lezopolitiko lizophathwa ngubani. Ngexesha lakhe urhulumente wayerhanela ukuba wayengabafuni abamhlophe, amanye wamatshantliziyo awayesilwa norhulumente wocalucalulo ayemtyhola [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexism ngokucalula ngesini], wayegxekwa nangamalungu e-African racial nationalism ngokuzimanya namaKhaladi kunye namaNdiya. Nongona kunjalo, uBiko wabangomnye wamagorha okuqala omzabalazo olwisana norhumente wocalucalulo futhi ubonwa njenge tshantliziyo lomzabalazo kunye nomsunguli we-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement Black Consciousness] ==Imbali ngobom bakhe== ===Ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe: 1946-66=== UBantu Stephen Biko walibona ilanga ngomhla we-18 kweyoMnga ngonyaka we-1946, wazalelwa endlini kumzi kamakhulu wakhe e[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkastad Tarkastad] eMpuma Koloni. <ref>(Jolisa and Mxhasi)</ref> Ngumntana wesithathu kwinzala kaMzingaye Matthew Biko noAlice MamCethe Biko, uzalwa noBukelwa udade wabo omkhulu nomkhulwa wakhe uKhaya, alekelwe ngudade wabo uNobandile. Abazali bakhe bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kwidolophu yaseSada, apho uyise wayesebenza njengepolisa. UMzingaye watshintshelwa kwiidolophu ezininzi ngokomsebenzi, eziquka iKomani, iBhayi, iFort Cox waze wagqibela ngokuzinza kwidolophu yaseQonce apho yena noAlice bahlala kwilokishi yase[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015545/http://www.museum.za.net/index.php/imvubu-newsletter/92-ginsberg-an-early-history-researched Ginsberg]. Le lokishi yayihlala abantu abangapha kwama-800, apho iintsapho ezilinganiselwa kwisine zazisabelana ngendlu yangasese enye kunye nomthombo wamanzi omnye. Kule lokishi kwakuhlala iintlanga ezahlukeneyo eziquka abantu abamnyama kunye namakhaladi apho kwakuthethwa iilwimi ezifana nesiXhosa, isiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi. (Matinjwa & Sandi) Emva kokuba erhoxile emsebenzini wobupolisa,uMzinganye uye wasebenza njengo klakhi kumhlaba waseQonce kwi ofisi yeNative Affairs,abe kwangelithuba esenza izifundo zakhe kwezomthetho [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa kwiUniversity of South Africa].U-Alice waqala wasebenza njengo mncedi kwizindlu zabantu abamhlophe ababehlala kwingingqi yakhe waze wabangumpheki [http://doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net/hospitals_clinics_state_hospitals/state_public_hospitals_clinics_eastern_cape_south_africa/grey_hospital_king_william%27s_town_eastern_cape_south_africa eGrey Hospital] kwidolophu yaseQonce.Ngokwamazwi kadadewakhe, iimeko ezinzima umama kaBiko wayephangela phantsi kwazo zabangela uBiko aqale ezopolitiko. Igama likaBiko alinikiweyo elithi ‘Bantu’, linentsingiselo ethi, “Abantu”.UBiko elingama lakhe walinika intsingiselo yentetho ethi, “umntu ngumntu ngabantu”. <ref>(Kondile & Mangele)</ref> Nanjengomntana wathiywa isiteketiso esingu Goofy kwakunye nesinguXwaku-Xwaku, ezi ziteketiso zazisuka kwinkangeleko yakhe engaqoqoshekanga. Wayekhuliswa kwikhaya elikhonza e- [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa Anglican] Christian Faith. Ngonyaka we-1950 uBiko eneminyaka emine utata wakhe wagula waza wathunyelwa esibhedlele i [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:New_user_landing_page&page=St.+Matthew%27s+Hospital St. Mattew’s Hospital Hospital], e [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek], waze wasweleka, yaze lonto yabangela ukuba usapho luxhomekeke kumrholo kamama. <ref>(Tetani Tisani)</ref> UBiko wagqwesa kwizifundo zezibalo kunye nesiNgesi kwaye waphumelela phezulu kwiimviwo zakhe. Ngonyaka ka-1964 umphakathi waseGinsberg wamnika imali yokufunda (ibhasari) yokuba ahlangane nomntakwabo uKhaya njengomfundi e[Lovedale|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew], [kwisikolo esikhankanyiweyo eDikeni, eMpuma-koloni|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew]. Phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu zokufika kukaSteve, uKhaya watyholwa ngokuba nonxibelelwano kuPoqo, iphiko elixhobileyo le[Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf], [[iqela lobuzwe belizwe lase-Afrika|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf]] elathi lavalwa ngurhulumente. Bobabini uKhaya noSteve babe banjiwe kwaye baxoxiswa ngamapolisa; lowo wangaphambili wayegwetyiwe, waze wahlawulwa kwisibheno. Akukho bungqina obucacileyo bonxibelelwano kukaSteve kuPoqo obaveliswayo, kodwa wagxothwa eLovedale. <ref>(Nkunzi and Nkunzi)</ref> Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya kowe-1965, uBiko wafunda eSt. Francis College, isikolo samaKatolika e-Mariannhill, Natali. Le kholeji yayinenkcubeko yezopolitiko eyikhululekileyo, kwaye uBiko wakhulisa ukuqonda kwakhe kwezopolitiko apho. [26] Waba nomdla ngokukodwa endaweni yokutshintshwa korhulumente wocalu-calulo eMzantsi Afrika kunye nolawulo olwalumela uninzi lwabantsundu kweli lizwe. [27] Phakathi kweenkokheli ezichasene nobukoloniyali ezazingamagorha kaBiko ngeli xesha yayinguAhrah Ben Bella wase-Algeria noJaramogi Oginga Odinga wase [Kenya]. [27] Emva kwexesha wathi uninzi lwe "politicos" kusapho lwakhe babenovelwano kwi-PAC, eyayineengcinga ezichasene nobukomanisi kunye nezobuhlanga zaseAfrika. UBiko ukuthandile oko wakuchaza njenge "mbutho olunge kakhulu" wePAC kunye nenkalipho yamalungu alo amaninzi, kodwa wahlala engenantlonelo yindlela yakhe yokucalucalulwa ngokobuhlanga, ekholelwa ukuba amalungu awo onke amaqela obuhlanga kufuneka amanyane nxamnye norhulumente. [28] NgeyoMnga ngowe-1964, waya eZwelitsha kumsitho wolwaluko, ebonisa uphawu lwenguquko yakhe yokuba ngumfana ukuya ekubeni yindoda. == '''<big>Inkuthazo yokuqala yabafundi: 1966-1968</big>''' == Ekuqaleni u-Biko wayenomdla wokufunda ngezomthetho eyunivesithi, kodwa uninzi lwabo babemngqongile bayijongela phantsi lento, bekholelwa ukuba umthetho udibene kakhulu nokulwa kwezopolitiko. Endaweni yokuba bamkhuthaze ukuba afunde ngezomthetho bamxelela ukuba makafundele ubugqirha, kuba babecinga ukuba sesona sihloko esinemisebenzi engcono. [30] Waye wafumana isixhaso semfundo, [30] kwathi ngonyaka we-1966 wangena kwicandelo "elingelolaseYurophu" kwiYunivesithi yaseNatal Medical School eWentworth, ilokishi yaseThekwini. [31] Apho, wazibandakanya nento eyimbali yakhe u-Xolela Mangcu awayibiza ngokuba "liqela elingaqhelekanga nelinomdla weqela labafundi" abavela eMzantsi Afrika; [32] uninzi lwabo xa kuhamba ixesha babamba iindima ezibalaseleyo ngexesha langaphambi kocalulo. [33] Ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 ibiyintsomi yeepolitiki yezomfundi eguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko kubonakaliswa kuqhanqalazo luka-1968, [34] uBiko wayenomdla wokuzibandakanya kule ndawo. [35] Kungekudala emva kokuba efikile eyunivesithi, wanyulwa kwiBhunga elimele abafundi (i-SRC). [36] IYunivesithi yase-SRC yayidibene noManyano lwaBafundi beSizwe (i-NUSAS). [37] I-NUSAS yathatha intlungu zokuhlakulela ubuhlanga obuninzi kodwa yahlala ilawulwa abamhlophe kuba uninzi lwabafundi base Mzantsi Afrika babevela kwilizwe elincinci labamhlophe. [38] Njengoko uClive Nettleton, inkokeli emhlophe ye-NUSAS ibeka: "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile nto kukuba i-NUSAS yasekwa ngephulo elimhlophe, ixhaswa ngemali emhlophe kwaye ibonakalisa izimvo zesininzi samalungu ayo amhlophe". I-NUSAS iluchasile ngokusemthethweni ucalucalulo, kodwa yamodareyitha inkcaso yayo ukuze kugcinwe inkxaso yabafundi abamhlophe abalondolozekayo. [40] UBiko kunye namanye amalungu amnyama ase-NUSAS ase-Afrika babenexhala xa iququzelela amaqela kwimizi emhlophe, apho abantu abamnyama babengavunyelwa ukuba bangene. [41] NgeyeKhala ngowe-1967, inkomfa ye-NUSAS eyabanjelwe kwiYunivesithi iRhodes eGrahamstown; emva kokuba abafundi befikile, bafumanisa ukuba indawo yokulala yayilungiselelwe abathunywa abamhlophe nabamaNdiya kodwa hayi amaAfrika amnyama, ababexelelwe ukuba banokulala kwicawa yasekuhlaleni. UBiko kunye nabanye abathunywa abamnyama baseAfrika baphume kule nkomfa benomsindo. U-Biko ngokuhamba kwexesha uxele ukuba lo msitho wamnyanzela ukuba aqwalasele kwakhona inkolelo yakhe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ubuhlanga kwezopolitiki: [43] == Ukusekwa koMbutho waBafundi waseMzantsi Afrika: 1968-1972 == === Ukuphuhliswa kwe-SASO === Emva kwenkomfa ye-NUSAS yangowe-1968 eRhawutini, uninzi lwamalungu alo aye kwinkomfa kaJulayi ngo-1968 yeYunivesithi iChristian Movement eStutterheim. Apho, amalungu amnyama ase-Afrika agqibe kwelokuba abambe inkomfa ngeyeKhala yokuxoxa malunga nokusekwa kweqela labafundi abamnyama elizimeleyo. [45] Umbutho wabafundi baseMzantsi Afrika (SASO) wamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwinkomfa yeKhala ngo-1969 kwiDyunivesithi yaseMantla; Apho, umgaqo-siseko weqela kunye neqonga lomgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko zamkelwa. [46] Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo liqela lokudibana konxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko emisebenzi yabafundi abamnyama, kubandakanya nemidlalo, imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kukhuphiswano lokuphikisana. [47] Nangona uBiko wadlala indima enkulu ekudalweni kwe-SASO, wafuna iprofayile yoluntu ephantsi ngexesha lokuqala kwayo, ekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kulomeleza inqanaba lesibini lobunkokheli, njengo-ally Barney Pityana. [48] Nangona kunjalo, wanyulwa njengo-Mongameli wokuqala we-SASO; UPat Matshaka wanyulwa njenge-Mongameli kunye no-Wuila Mashalaba njengo-Nobhala. [49] EThekwini kwaba yindawo yayo yedolophu eyintloko. <br /> == Izalathiso == # Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 89. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 235. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, pp. 20, 22. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Cock 1989, p. 3. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 32. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 96; Wilson 2012, p. 19. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 49; Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, pp. 97–98. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 98. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 22; Mangcu 2014, pp. 100–101. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 102. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, pp. 104–105. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, pp. 23, 27; Mangcu 2014, p. 106; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, p. 107. # Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 28. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, pp. 28–29; Mangcu 2014, p. 113. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 115. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 116. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 150. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 30. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 32. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 126. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117; Wilson 2012, pp. 30–31; Mangcu 2014, pp. 123–125. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 153–154. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 118–119; Mangcu 2014, pp. 157–159. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119; Wilson 2012, p. 36; Macqueen 2013, p. 367; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 169, 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 33. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 36, 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Macqueen 2014, p. 512. # '''^''' Marable & Joseph 2008, pp. ix–x. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mngxitama, Alexander & Gibson 2008, p. 2. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Denis 2010, p. 166. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 272. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' ^'''''d''''' ^'''''e''''' ^'''''f''''' Ahluwalia & Zegeye 2001, p. 460. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 278. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 43–44. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 121. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 126; Hill 2015, p. 1. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 368; Mangcu 2014, pp. 178–181. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147; Mangcu 2014, p. 177. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 176. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Woods 1978, p. 120. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31; Macqueen 2013, p. 375. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 48–49. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, pp. 366–367; Hill 2015, p. 35. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 36. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 51. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 719–720. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 721. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 723. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 722. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 724–727. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 367. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 204. : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=Frantz+Fanon+and+Steve+Biko%3A+Towards+Liberation&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=455-469&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630120087262&rft.aulast=Ahluwalia&rft.aufirst=Pal&rft.au=Zegeye%2C+Abebe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No.+46+-+Steve+Biko&rft.place=London&rft.pub=International+Defence+and+Aid+Fund&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-904759-21-1&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=SASO%27s+Reluctant+Embrace+of+Public+Forms+of+Protest%2C+1968%E2%80%931972&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=716-734&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2010.519940&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Possibility+of+Care%3A+Medical+Ethics+and+the+Death+of+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=567-579&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909612452710&rft.aulast=Bucher&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maids+and+Madams%3A+Domestic+Workers+Under+Apartheid&rft.place=Johannesburg&rft.pub=Ravan+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7043-4165-4&rft.aulast=Cock&rft.aufirst=Jacklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Seminary+Networks+and+Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa+in+the+1970s&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=162-182&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582471003778417&rft.aulast=Denis&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicatio&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+as+Existentialist+Communicator&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293-304&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02500167.2013.835524&rft.aulast=de+Wet&rft.aufirst=Johann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Biko%2C+Black+Consciousness%2C+and+%E2%80%98the+System%E2%80%99+eZinyoka%3A+Oral+History+and+Black+Consciousness+in+Practice+in+a+Rural+Ciskei+Village&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=78-99&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582471003778342&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%27s+Ghost%3A+The+Iconography+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0816676361&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Shannen+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Identities&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+and+a+Critique+of+Global+Governance+as+White+Liberalism&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-76&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14725843.2014.961281&rft.aulast=Kamola&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Resonances+of+Youth+and+Tensions+of+Race%3A+Liberal+Student+Politics%2C+White+Radicals+and+Black+Consciousness%2C+1968%E2%80%931973&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-382&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2013.770062&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Black+Consciousness+in+Dialogue+in+South+Africa%3A+Steve+Biko%2C+Richard+Turner+and+the+%27Durban+Moment%27%2C+1970%E2%80%931974&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=511-525&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909613493609&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transformation%3A+Critical+Perspectives+on+Southern+Africa&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=76-79&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Mamdani&rft.aufirst=Mahmood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Stephen+Bantu+Biko&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mandela&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mangcu&rft.aufirst=Xolela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Series+Editors%27+Preface%3A+Steve+Biko+and+the+International+Context+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=vii-x&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Marable&rft.aufirst=Manning&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Peniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biko+Lives&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Mngxitama&rft.aufirst=Andile&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Testimony+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0586050057&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Bantu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Write+What+I+Like%3A+A+Selection+of+His+Writings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-435-90598-9&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Dialectics+of+Ideological+Resistance+to+White+Supremacy&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0887061295&rft.aulast=Fatton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Power+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Evolution+of+an+Ideology&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Greenberg&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0520039339&rft.aulast=Gerhart&rft.aufirst=Gail+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Who+Killed+Steve+Biko%3F%3A+Exhuming+Truth+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=565-568&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Man%27s+Justice%3A+South+African+Political+Trials+in+the+Black+Consciousness+Era&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0198258094&rft.aulast=Lobban&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : {| class="wikitable" | |Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Steve Biko'''''. |} * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Biko, Steve}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 262hnqdwwkh3yqnmyhoseqiovxjk2z8 40721 40718 2026-06-12T07:50:17Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Steve Biko on Flyer for Steve Biko Memorial at the Carver Cultural Center.jpg|thumb|right|alt| '''Stephen Bantu Biko'''<br> '''Umhla Wokuzalwa''' 18 EyoMnga 1946 eGinsberg, eMzantsi Afrika<br><br> '''Umhla Wokusweleka''' 12 EyoMsintsi 1977 (iminyaka eyi-30) ePitoli, eMzantsi Afrika <br><br> '''Umsebenzi''' Umntu ofak’isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo (Anti-Apartheid Activist)<br><br> '''Imibutho''' South African Students' Organisation; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention Black People's Convention ]<br><br> '''Inkosikazi''' Ntsiki Mashalaba <br><br> '''Iqabane''' [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamphele_Ramphele Mamphele Ramphele ]<br><br> '''Abantwana''' 5, bequka kunye no[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlumelo_Biko Hlumelo Biko]]]<br><br> '''U[https://sahistory.org.za/people/stephen-bantu-biko Bantu Stephen Biko]''' walibona ilanga ngonyaka we (18 kweyoMnga 1946, ze latshona ilanga ngomhla we 12 EyoMsintsi 1977) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo. Nje ngomthandi weAfrika kunye nomququzeleli wokuqinisekisa ukuba ubutyebi belizwe bufunyanwa ngumntu wonke, uBiko wayephambili kwiphulo olwaluchasene nocalu-calulo, yaye lubeka phambili ukuzingca ngobumnyama [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement iBlack Consciousness Movement] ngonyaka ka 1960 ukuya kunyaka ka 1970. Iingcamango zakhe zazichazwe kuluhlu lwamanqaku ayepapashwe phantsi kwegama elingu "Frank Talk" <ref>(Matebese, Ngetyi)</ref> == Imvelaphi == Wakhulela kusapho oluhluphekileyo lwamaXhosa kwilokishi yase [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsberg,_Eastern_Cape Ginsberg] eMpuma Koloni. Ngonyaka we-1966 waqala izifundo zobu Gqirha kwiDyunivesithi yaseNatal apho waye wangena kumbutho wabafundi i-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03212.htm NUSAS] . Ekulweni kwakhe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid ingcinezelo] nempatho mbi yabantu abamnyama, yaye yamphatha kakubi imeko yokuba i[https://sahistory.org.za/article/national-union-south-african-students-nusas NUSAS] kunye neminye imibutho eyayisilwa ingcinezelo yayilawulwa ngabantu abamhlophe ababelwela inkululeko, ingabo abaninzi kunabantu abamnyama, eyayingabona bantu bacinezelekileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba, nangona abantu abamhlophe babeneenjongo ezilungileyo, babengenakuze bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo intlungu yethu ngokuba babephela befuna ukulawula. <ref>(Gqomo and Ngqezana)</ref>. Wakha uluvo lokuba, ukuba abantu abamnyama bafuna ukulwisana nongonyamelo lwabantu abamhlophe kufuneka bazimele ngokunokwabo, ngenxa yoluluvo wanqenqeza phambili ekwakhiweni kombutho iSouth African Students’ Organization ([https://xh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Biko&action=edit&section=3 SASO]) ngonyaka we-1968. Ubulungu babuvumeleke kubantu “abamnyama” kuphela, eligama lalingabhekisi kubantu abathetha iiliwimi zesintu kuphela laliquka abantu bebala (Coloureds) kwakunye namaNdiya. Wayeyilumkele kakhulu into yokugcina abantu abamhlophe embuthweni, echasene nobuhlanga kwaye ekwanazo izihlobo nezinqanda-mathe zabelungu. Walixhasa elinyathelo urhulumente weNational Party ekuqaleni elibona elinyathelo lokwakhiwa kweSASO njengoloyiso lesiseko se-apateyiti socalu-calulo. Wayephembelelwa ngu[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Fanon Franz Fanon] kwakunye ne[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power African-American Black Power.] <ref>(Bonga Centwa)</ref> Ngokufumani ifuthe kuFrantz Fanon kunye nombutho iAfrican-American Black Power movement (waMandla wama-Afrika aseMelika), uBiko namaqabane akhe baphuhlisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (yoKuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama), ngcamango leyo yayi yeyona ngcamango ingundoqo yombutho iSASO. Lo mbutho waququzelela isiphelo socalucalulo ukuze uMzantsi Afrika udlulele uye kwisigaba sonyulo esibandakanye wonke ummi kwakunye noqoqosho olugxile ekuxhamleni kwindyebo yelizwe. Lo mbutho waququzela [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack Community Programmes (BCP) (Iinkqubo zoLuntu Olumnyama)] kwaye begxile ekuphuhliseni nasephuhliseni ulwazi kubantu abamnyana ngokwasengqondweni. UBiko wayekholelwa ekubeni abantu abamnyama kufuneka bezahlukanise nayiphi imeko nengcamango yokuzijongela phantsi ngokohlanga, ngcamango leyo wayeyisebenzisa ukugqamisa intetha ethi [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_is_beautiful “black is beautiful” (“ubumnyama buhle”)]. Ngonyaka we-1972, wayengomnye wabaqulunqi bombutho [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack People’s Convention (BPC) (Ingqun gquthela yaBantu Abamnyama)] ukuphakamisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (Ukuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama) kuluntu jikelele. <ref>(Zikho Dana)</ref> Iingoma ezininzi nemisebenzi yezobugcisa zazingaye,kanajalo kwakukho ukungavisisani malunga nokuba ilifa lakhe lezopolitiko lizophathwa ngubani. Ngexesha lakhe urhulumente wayerhanela ukuba wayengabafuni abamhlophe, amanye wamatshantliziyo awayesilwa norhulumente wocalucalulo ayemtyhola [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexism ngokucalula ngesini], wayegxekwa nangamalungu e-African racial nationalism ngokuzimanya namaKhaladi kunye namaNdiya. Nongona kunjalo, uBiko wabangomnye wamagorha okuqala omzabalazo olwisana norhumente wocalucalulo futhi ubonwa njenge tshantliziyo lomzabalazo kunye nomsunguli we-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement Black Consciousness] ==Imbali ngobom bakhe== ===Ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe: 1946-66=== UBantu Stephen Biko walibona ilanga ngomhla we-18 kweyoMnga ngonyaka we-1946, wazalelwa endlini kumzi kamakhulu wakhe e[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkastad Tarkastad] eMpuma Koloni. <ref>(Jolisa and Mxhasi)</ref> Ngumntana wesithathu kwinzala kaMzingaye Matthew Biko noAlice MamCethe Biko, uzalwa noBukelwa udade wabo omkhulu nomkhulwa wakhe uKhaya, alekelwe ngudade wabo uNobandile. Abazali bakhe bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kwidolophu yaseSada, apho uyise wayesebenza njengepolisa. UMzingaye watshintshelwa kwiidolophu ezininzi ngokomsebenzi, eziquka iKomani, iBhayi, iFort Cox waze wagqibela ngokuzinza kwidolophu yaseQonce apho yena noAlice bahlala kwilokishi yase[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015545/http://www.museum.za.net/index.php/imvubu-newsletter/92-ginsberg-an-early-history-researched Ginsberg]. Le lokishi yayihlala abantu abangapha kwama-800, apho iintsapho ezilinganiselwa kwisine zazisabelana ngendlu yangasese enye kunye nomthombo wamanzi omnye. Kule lokishi kwakuhlala iintlanga ezahlukeneyo eziquka abantu abamnyama kunye namakhaladi apho kwakuthethwa iilwimi ezifana nesiXhosa, isiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi. (Matinjwa & Sandi) Emva kokuba erhoxile emsebenzini wobupolisa,uMzinganye uye wasebenza njengo klakhi kumhlaba waseQonce kwi ofisi yeNative Affairs,abe kwangelithuba esenza izifundo zakhe kwezomthetho [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa kwiUniversity of South Africa].U-Alice waqala wasebenza njengo mncedi kwizindlu zabantu abamhlophe ababehlala kwingingqi yakhe waze wabangumpheki [http://doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net/hospitals_clinics_state_hospitals/state_public_hospitals_clinics_eastern_cape_south_africa/grey_hospital_king_william%27s_town_eastern_cape_south_africa eGrey Hospital] kwidolophu yaseQonce.Ngokwamazwi kadadewakhe, iimeko ezinzima umama kaBiko wayephangela phantsi kwazo zabangela uBiko aqale ezopolitiko. Igama likaBiko alinikiweyo elithi ‘Bantu’, linentsingiselo ethi, “Abantu”.UBiko elingama lakhe walinika intsingiselo yentetho ethi, “umntu ngumntu ngabantu”. <ref>(Kondile & Mangele)</ref> Nanjengomntana wathiywa isiteketiso esingu Goofy kwakunye nesinguXwaku-Xwaku, ezi ziteketiso zazisuka kwinkangeleko yakhe engaqoqoshekanga. Wayekhuliswa kwikhaya elikhonza e- [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa Anglican] Christian Faith. Ngonyaka we-1950 uBiko eneminyaka emine utata wakhe wagula waza wathunyelwa esibhedlele i [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:New_user_landing_page&page=St.+Matthew%27s+Hospital St. Mattew’s Hospital Hospital], e [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek], waze wasweleka, yaze lonto yabangela ukuba usapho luxhomekeke kumrholo kamama. <ref>(Tetani Tisani)</ref> UBiko wagqwesa kwizifundo zezibalo kunye nesiNgesi kwaye waphumelela phezulu kwiimviwo zakhe. Ngonyaka ka-1964 umphakathi waseGinsberg wamnika imali yokufunda (ibhasari) yokuba ahlangane nomntakwabo uKhaya njengomfundi e[Lovedale|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew], [kwisikolo esikhankanyiweyo eDikeni, eMpuma-koloni|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew]. Phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu zokufika kukaSteve, uKhaya watyholwa ngokuba nonxibelelwano kuPoqo, iphiko elixhobileyo le[Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf], [[iqela lobuzwe belizwe lase-Afrika|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf]] elathi lavalwa ngurhulumente. Bobabini uKhaya noSteve babe banjiwe kwaye baxoxiswa ngamapolisa; lowo wangaphambili wayegwetyiwe, waze wahlawulwa kwisibheno. Akukho bungqina obucacileyo bonxibelelwano kukaSteve kuPoqo obaveliswayo, kodwa wagxothwa eLovedale. <ref>(Nkunzi and Nkunzi)</ref> Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya kowe-1965, uBiko wafunda eSt. Francis College, isikolo samaKatolika e-Mariannhill, Natali. Le kholeji yayinenkcubeko yezopolitiko eyikhululekileyo, kwaye uBiko wakhulisa ukuqonda kwakhe kwezopolitiko apho. [26] Waba nomdla ngokukodwa endaweni yokutshintshwa korhulumente wocalu-calulo eMzantsi Afrika kunye nolawulo olwalumela uninzi lwabantsundu kweli lizwe. [27] Phakathi kweenkokheli ezichasene nobukoloniyali ezazingamagorha kaBiko ngeli xesha yayinguAhrah Ben Bella wase-Algeria noJaramogi Oginga Odinga wase [Kenya]. [27] Emva kwexesha wathi uninzi lwe "politicos" kusapho lwakhe babenovelwano kwi-PAC, eyayineengcinga ezichasene nobukomanisi kunye nezobuhlanga zaseAfrika. UBiko ukuthandile oko wakuchaza njenge "mbutho olunge kakhulu" wePAC kunye nenkalipho yamalungu alo amaninzi, kodwa wahlala engenantlonelo yindlela yakhe yokucalucalulwa ngokobuhlanga, ekholelwa ukuba amalungu awo onke amaqela obuhlanga kufuneka amanyane nxamnye norhulumente. [28] NgeyoMnga ngowe-1964, waya eZwelitsha kumsitho wolwaluko, ebonisa uphawu lwenguquko yakhe yokuba ngumfana ukuya ekubeni yindoda. == '''<big>Inkuthazo yokuqala yabafundi: 1966-1968</big>''' == Ekuqaleni u-Biko wayenomdla wokufunda ngezomthetho eyunivesithi, kodwa uninzi lwabo babemngqongile bayijongela phantsi lento, bekholelwa ukuba umthetho udibene kakhulu nokulwa kwezopolitiko. Endaweni yokuba bamkhuthaze ukuba afunde ngezomthetho bamxelela ukuba makafundele ubugqirha, kuba babecinga ukuba sesona sihloko esinemisebenzi engcono. [30] Waye wafumana isixhaso semfundo, [30] kwathi ngonyaka we-1966 wangena kwicandelo "elingelolaseYurophu" kwiYunivesithi yaseNatal Medical School eWentworth, ilokishi yaseThekwini. [31] Apho, wazibandakanya nento eyimbali yakhe u-Xolela Mangcu awayibiza ngokuba "liqela elingaqhelekanga nelinomdla weqela labafundi" abavela eMzantsi Afrika; [32] uninzi lwabo xa kuhamba ixesha babamba iindima ezibalaseleyo ngexesha langaphambi kocalulo. [33] Ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 ibiyintsomi yeepolitiki yezomfundi eguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko kubonakaliswa kuqhanqalazo luka-1968, [34] uBiko wayenomdla wokuzibandakanya kule ndawo. [35] Kungekudala emva kokuba efikile eyunivesithi, wanyulwa kwiBhunga elimele abafundi (i-SRC). [36] IYunivesithi yase-SRC yayidibene noManyano lwaBafundi beSizwe (i-NUSAS). [37] I-NUSAS yathatha intlungu zokuhlakulela ubuhlanga obuninzi kodwa yahlala ilawulwa abamhlophe kuba uninzi lwabafundi base Mzantsi Afrika babevela kwilizwe elincinci labamhlophe. [38] Njengoko uClive Nettleton, inkokeli emhlophe ye-NUSAS ibeka: "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile nto kukuba i-NUSAS yasekwa ngephulo elimhlophe, ixhaswa ngemali emhlophe kwaye ibonakalisa izimvo zesininzi samalungu ayo amhlophe". I-NUSAS iluchasile ngokusemthethweni ucalucalulo, kodwa yamodareyitha inkcaso yayo ukuze kugcinwe inkxaso yabafundi abamhlophe abalondolozekayo. [40] UBiko kunye namanye amalungu amnyama ase-NUSAS ase-Afrika babenexhala xa iququzelela amaqela kwimizi emhlophe, apho abantu abamnyama babengavunyelwa ukuba bangene. [41] NgeyeKhala ngowe-1967, inkomfa ye-NUSAS eyabanjelwe kwiYunivesithi iRhodes eGrahamstown; emva kokuba abafundi befikile, bafumanisa ukuba indawo yokulala yayilungiselelwe abathunywa abamhlophe nabamaNdiya kodwa hayi amaAfrika amnyama, ababexelelwe ukuba banokulala kwicawa yasekuhlaleni. UBiko kunye nabanye abathunywa abamnyama baseAfrika baphume kule nkomfa benomsindo. U-Biko ngokuhamba kwexesha uxele ukuba lo msitho wamnyanzela ukuba aqwalasele kwakhona inkolelo yakhe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ubuhlanga kwezopolitiki: [43] == Ukusekwa koMbutho waBafundi waseMzantsi Afrika: 1968-1972 == === Ukuphuhliswa kwe-SASO === Emva kwenkomfa ye-NUSAS yangowe-1968 eRhawutini, uninzi lwamalungu alo aye kwinkomfa kaJulayi ngo-1968 yeYunivesithi iChristian Movement eStutterheim. Apho, amalungu amnyama ase-Afrika agqibe kwelokuba abambe inkomfa ngeyeKhala yokuxoxa malunga nokusekwa kweqela labafundi abamnyama elizimeleyo. [45] Umbutho wabafundi baseMzantsi Afrika (SASO) wamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwinkomfa yeKhala ngo-1969 kwiDyunivesithi yaseMantla; Apho, umgaqo-siseko weqela kunye neqonga lomgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko zamkelwa. [46] Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo liqela lokudibana konxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko emisebenzi yabafundi abamnyama, kubandakanya nemidlalo, imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kukhuphiswano lokuphikisana. [47] Nangona uBiko wadlala indima enkulu ekudalweni kwe-SASO, wafuna iprofayile yoluntu ephantsi ngexesha lokuqala kwayo, ekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kulomeleza inqanaba lesibini lobunkokheli, njengo-ally Barney Pityana. [48] Nangona kunjalo, wanyulwa njengo-Mongameli wokuqala we-SASO; UPat Matshaka wanyulwa njenge-Mongameli kunye no-Wuila Mashalaba njengo-Nobhala. [49] EThekwini kwaba yindawo yayo yedolophu eyintloko. <br /> == Izalathiso == # Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 89. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 235. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, pp. 20, 22. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Cock 1989, p. 3. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 32. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 96; Wilson 2012, p. 19. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 49; Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, pp. 97–98. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 98. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 22; Mangcu 2014, pp. 100–101. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 102. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, pp. 104–105. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, pp. 23, 27; Mangcu 2014, p. 106; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, p. 107. # Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 28. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, pp. 28–29; Mangcu 2014, p. 113. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 115. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 116. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 150. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 30. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 32. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 126. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117; Wilson 2012, pp. 30–31; Mangcu 2014, pp. 123–125. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 153–154. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 118–119; Mangcu 2014, pp. 157–159. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119; Wilson 2012, p. 36; Macqueen 2013, p. 367; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 169, 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 33. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 36, 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Macqueen 2014, p. 512. # '''^''' Marable & Joseph 2008, pp. ix–x. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mngxitama, Alexander & Gibson 2008, p. 2. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Denis 2010, p. 166. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 272. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' ^'''''d''''' ^'''''e''''' ^'''''f''''' Ahluwalia & Zegeye 2001, p. 460. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 278. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 43–44. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 121. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 126; Hill 2015, p. 1. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 368; Mangcu 2014, pp. 178–181. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147; Mangcu 2014, p. 177. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 176. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Woods 1978, p. 120. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31; Macqueen 2013, p. 375. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 48–49. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, pp. 366–367; Hill 2015, p. 35. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 36. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 51. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 719–720. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 721. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 723. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 722. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 724–727. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 367. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 204. : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=Frantz+Fanon+and+Steve+Biko%3A+Towards+Liberation&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=455-469&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630120087262&rft.aulast=Ahluwalia&rft.aufirst=Pal&rft.au=Zegeye%2C+Abebe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No.+46+-+Steve+Biko&rft.place=London&rft.pub=International+Defence+and+Aid+Fund&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-904759-21-1&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=SASO%27s+Reluctant+Embrace+of+Public+Forms+of+Protest%2C+1968%E2%80%931972&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=716-734&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2010.519940&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Possibility+of+Care%3A+Medical+Ethics+and+the+Death+of+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=567-579&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909612452710&rft.aulast=Bucher&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maids+and+Madams%3A+Domestic+Workers+Under+Apartheid&rft.place=Johannesburg&rft.pub=Ravan+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7043-4165-4&rft.aulast=Cock&rft.aufirst=Jacklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Stephen+Bantu+Biko&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mandela&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mangcu&rft.aufirst=Xolela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Series+Editors%27+Preface%3A+Steve+Biko+and+the+International+Context+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=vii-x&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Marable&rft.aufirst=Manning&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Peniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biko+Lives&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Mngxitama&rft.aufirst=Andile&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Testimony+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0586050057&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Bantu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Write+What+I+Like%3A+A+Selection+of+His+Writings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-435-90598-9&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Dialectics+of+Ideological+Resistance+to+White+Supremacy&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0887061295&rft.aulast=Fatton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Power+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Evolution+of+an+Ideology&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Greenberg&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0520039339&rft.aulast=Gerhart&rft.aufirst=Gail+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Who+Killed+Steve+Biko%3F%3A+Exhuming+Truth+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=565-568&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Man%27s+Justice%3A+South+African+Political+Trials+in+the+Black+Consciousness+Era&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0198258094&rft.aulast=Lobban&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : {| class="wikitable" | |Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Steve Biko'''''. |} * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Biko, Steve}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] fmkapfvnoz6wmcmmxa3q3w0eqs7d3hj 40756 40721 2026-06-12T08:26:20Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve the existing article 40756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Steve Biko on Flyer for Steve Biko Memorial at the Carver Cultural Center.jpg|thumb|right|alt| '''Stephen Bantu Biko'''<br> '''Umhla Wokuzalwa''' 18 EyoMnga 1946 eGinsberg, eMzantsi Afrika<br><br> '''Umhla Wokusweleka''' 12 EyoMsintsi 1977 (iminyaka eyi-30) ePitoli, eMzantsi Afrika <br><br> '''Umsebenzi''' Umntu ofak’isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo (Anti-Apartheid Activist)<br><br> '''Imibutho''' South African Students' Organisation; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention Black People's Convention ]<br><br> '''Inkosikazi''' Ntsiki Mashalaba <br><br> '''Iqabane''' [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamphele_Ramphele Mamphele Ramphele ]<br><br> '''Abantwana''' 5, bequka kunye no[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlumelo_Biko Hlumelo Biko]]]<br><br> == '''U[https://sahistory.org.za/people/stephen-bantu-biko Bantu Stephen Biko]''' walibona ilanga ngonyaka we (18 kweyoMnga 1946, ze latshona ilanga ngomhla we 12 EyoMsintsi 1977) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo. Nje ngomthandi weAfrika kunye nomququzeleli wokuqinisekisa ukuba ubutyebi belizwe bufunyanwa ngumntu wonke, uBiko wayephambili kwiphulo olwaluchasene nocalu-calulo, yaye lubeka phambili ukuzingca ngobumnyama [[:en:Black_Consciousness_Movement|iBlack Consciousness Movement]] ngonyaka ka 1960 ukuya kunyaka ka 1970. Iingcamango zakhe zazichazwe kuluhlu lwamanqaku ayepapashwe phantsi kwegama elingu "Frank Talk" <ref>(Matebese, Ngetyi)</ref> == == Imvelaphi == # Wakhulela kusapho oluhluphekileyo '''lwamaXhosa''' kwilokishi yase [[:en:Ginsberg,_Eastern_Cape|Ginsberg]] eMpuma Koloni. Ngonyaka we-1966 waqala izifundo zobu Gqirha ''kwiDyunivesithi'' yaseNatal apho waye wangena kumbutho wabafundi i-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03212.htm NUSAS] . Ekulweni kwakhe [[:en:Apartheid|ingcinezelo]] nempatho mbi yabantu abamnyama, yaye yamphatha kakubi imeko yokuba i[https://sahistory.org.za/article/national-union-south-african-students-nusas NUSAS] kunye neminye imibutho eyayisilwa ingcinezelo yayilawulwa ngabantu abamhlophe ababelwela inkululeko, ingabo abaninzi kunabantu abamnyama, eyayingabona bantu bacinezelekileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba, nangona abantu abamhlophe babeneenjongo ezilungileyo, babengenakuze bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo intlungu yethu ngokuba babephela befuna ukulawula. <ref>(Gqomo and Ngqezana)</ref>. * Wakha uluvo lokuba, ukuba abantu abamnyama bafuna ukulwisana nongonyamelo lwabantu abamhlophe kufuneka bazimele ngokunokwabo, ngenxa yoluluvo wanqenqeza phambili ekwakhiweni kombutho i'''South African''' Students’ Organization ([https://xh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Biko&action=edit&section=3 SASO]) ngonyaka we-1968. Ubulungu babuvumeleke kubantu “abamnyama” kuphela, eligama lalingabhekisi kubantu abathetha iiliwimi zesintu kuphela laliquka abantu bebala (Coloureds) kwakunye namaNdiya. Wayeyilumkele kakhulu into yokugcina abantu abamhlophe embuthweni, echasene nobuhlanga kwaye ekwanazo izihlobo nezinqanda-mathe zabelungu. Walixhasa elinyathelo urhulumente weNational Party ekuqaleni elibona elinyathelo lokwakhiwa kweSASO njengoloyiso lesiseko se-apateyiti socalu-calulo. Wayephembelelwa ngu[[:en:Frantz_Fanon|Franz Fanon]] kwakunye ne[[:en:Black_Power|African-American Black Power.]] <ref>(Bonga Centwa)</ref> Ngokufumani ifuthe kuFrantz Fanon kunye nombutho iAfrican-American Black Power movement (waMandla wama-Afrika aseMelika), uBiko namaqabane akhe baphuhlisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (yoKuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama), ngcamango leyo yayi yeyona ngcamango ingundoqo yombutho iSASO. Lo mbutho waququzelela isiphelo socalucalulo ukuze uMzantsi Afrika udlulele uye kwisigaba sonyulo esibandakanye wonke ummi kwakunye noqoqosho olugxile ekuxhamleni kwindyebo yelizwe. Lo mbutho waququzela [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack Community Programmes (BCP) (Iinkqubo zoLuntu Olumnyama)] kwaye begxile ekuphuhliseni nasephuhliseni ulwazi kubantu abamnyana ngokwasengqondweni. UBiko wayekholelwa ekubeni abantu abamnyama kufuneka bezahlukanise nayiphi imeko nengcamango yokuzijongela phantsi ngokohlanga, ngcamango leyo wayeyisebenzisa ukugqamisa intetha ethi [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_is_beautiful “black is beautiful” (“ubumnyama buhle”)]. Ngonyaka we-1972, wayengomnye wabaqulunqi bombutho [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack People’s Convention (BPC) (Ingqun gquthela yaBantu Abamnyama)] ukuphakamisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (Ukuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama) kuluntu jikelele. <ref>(Zikho Dana)</ref> Iingoma ezininzi nemisebenzi yezobugcisa zazingaye,kanajalo kwakukho ukungavisisani malunga nokuba ilifa lakhe lezopolitiko lizophathwa ngubani. Ngexesha lakhe urhulumente wayerhanela ukuba wayengabafuni abamhlophe, amanye wamatshantliziyo awayesilwa norhulumente wocalucalulo ayemtyhola [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexism ngokucalula ngesini], wayegxekwa nangamalungu e-African racial nationalism ngokuzimanya namaKhaladi kunye namaNdiya. Nongona kunjalo, uBiko wabangomnye wamagorha okuqala omzabalazo olwisana norhumente wocalucalulo futhi ubonwa njenge tshantliziyo lomzabalazo kunye nomsunguli we-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement Black Consciousness] ==Imbali ngobom bakhe== ===Ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe: 1946-66=== UBantu Stephen Biko walibona ilanga ngomhla we-18 kweyoMnga ngonyaka we-1946, wazalelwa endlini kumzi kamakhulu wakhe e[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkastad Tarkastad] eMpuma Koloni. <ref>(Jolisa and Mxhasi)</ref> Ngumntana wesithathu kwinzala kaMzingaye Matthew Biko noAlice MamCethe Biko, uzalwa noBukelwa udade wabo omkhulu nomkhulwa wakhe uKhaya, alekelwe ngudade wabo uNobandile. Abazali bakhe bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kwidolophu yaseSada, apho uyise wayesebenza njengepolisa. UMzingaye watshintshelwa kwiidolophu ezininzi ngokomsebenzi, eziquka iKomani, iBhayi, iFort Cox waze wagqibela ngokuzinza kwidolophu yaseQonce apho yena noAlice bahlala kwilokishi yase[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015545/http://www.museum.za.net/index.php/imvubu-newsletter/92-ginsberg-an-early-history-researched Ginsberg]. Le lokishi yayihlala abantu abangapha kwama-800, apho iintsapho ezilinganiselwa kwisine zazisabelana ngendlu yangasese enye kunye nomthombo wamanzi omnye. Kule lokishi kwakuhlala iintlanga ezahlukeneyo eziquka abantu abamnyama kunye namakhaladi apho kwakuthethwa iilwimi ezifana nesiXhosa, isiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi. (Matinjwa & Sandi) Emva kokuba erhoxile emsebenzini wobupolisa,uMzinganye uye wasebenza njengo klakhi kumhlaba waseQonce kwi ofisi yeNative Affairs,abe kwangelithuba esenza izifundo zakhe kwezomthetho [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa kwiUniversity of South Africa].U-Alice waqala wasebenza njengo mncedi kwizindlu zabantu abamhlophe ababehlala kwingingqi yakhe waze wabangumpheki [http://doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net/hospitals_clinics_state_hospitals/state_public_hospitals_clinics_eastern_cape_south_africa/grey_hospital_king_william%27s_town_eastern_cape_south_africa eGrey Hospital] kwidolophu yaseQonce.Ngokwamazwi kadadewakhe, iimeko ezinzima umama kaBiko wayephangela phantsi kwazo zabangela uBiko aqale ezopolitiko. Igama likaBiko alinikiweyo elithi ‘Bantu’, linentsingiselo ethi, “Abantu”.UBiko elingama lakhe walinika intsingiselo yentetho ethi, “umntu ngumntu ngabantu”. <ref>(Kondile & Mangele)</ref> Nanjengomntana wathiywa isiteketiso esingu Goofy kwakunye nesinguXwaku-Xwaku, ezi ziteketiso zazisuka kwinkangeleko yakhe engaqoqoshekanga. Wayekhuliswa kwikhaya elikhonza e- [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa Anglican] Christian Faith. Ngonyaka we-1950 uBiko eneminyaka emine utata wakhe wagula waza wathunyelwa esibhedlele i [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:New_user_landing_page&page=St.+Matthew%27s+Hospital St. Mattew’s Hospital Hospital], e [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek], waze wasweleka, yaze lonto yabangela ukuba usapho luxhomekeke kumrholo kamama. <ref>(Tetani Tisani)</ref> UBiko wagqwesa kwizifundo zezibalo kunye nesiNgesi kwaye waphumelela phezulu kwiimviwo zakhe. Ngonyaka ka-1964 umphakathi waseGinsberg wamnika imali yokufunda (ibhasari) yokuba ahlangane nomntakwabo uKhaya njengomfundi e[Lovedale|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew], [kwisikolo esikhankanyiweyo eDikeni, eMpuma-koloni|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew]. Phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu zokufika kukaSteve, uKhaya watyholwa ngokuba nonxibelelwano kuPoqo, iphiko elixhobileyo le[Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf], [[iqela lobuzwe belizwe lase-Afrika|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf]] elathi lavalwa ngurhulumente. Bobabini uKhaya noSteve babe banjiwe kwaye baxoxiswa ngamapolisa; lowo wangaphambili wayegwetyiwe, waze wahlawulwa kwisibheno. Akukho bungqina obucacileyo bonxibelelwano kukaSteve kuPoqo obaveliswayo, kodwa wagxothwa eLovedale. <ref>(Nkunzi and Nkunzi)</ref> Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya kowe-1965, uBiko wafunda eSt. Francis College, isikolo samaKatolika e-Mariannhill, Natali. Le kholeji yayinenkcubeko yezopolitiko eyikhululekileyo, kwaye uBiko wakhulisa ukuqonda kwakhe kwezopolitiko apho. [26] Waba nomdla ngokukodwa endaweni yokutshintshwa korhulumente wocalu-calulo eMzantsi Afrika kunye nolawulo olwalumela uninzi lwabantsundu kweli lizwe. [27] Phakathi kweenkokheli ezichasene nobukoloniyali ezazingamagorha kaBiko ngeli xesha yayinguAhrah Ben Bella wase-Algeria noJaramogi Oginga Odinga wase [Kenya]. [27] Emva kwexesha wathi uninzi lwe "politicos" kusapho lwakhe babenovelwano kwi-PAC, eyayineengcinga ezichasene nobukomanisi kunye nezobuhlanga zaseAfrika. UBiko ukuthandile oko wakuchaza njenge "mbutho olunge kakhulu" wePAC kunye nenkalipho yamalungu alo amaninzi, kodwa wahlala engenantlonelo yindlela yakhe yokucalucalulwa ngokobuhlanga, ekholelwa ukuba amalungu awo onke amaqela obuhlanga kufuneka amanyane nxamnye norhulumente. [28] NgeyoMnga ngowe-1964, waya eZwelitsha kumsitho wolwaluko, ebonisa uphawu lwenguquko yakhe yokuba ngumfana ukuya ekubeni yindoda. == '''<big>Inkuthazo yokuqala yabafundi: 1966-1968</big>''' == Ekuqaleni u-Biko wayenomdla wokufunda ngezomthetho eyunivesithi, kodwa uninzi lwabo babemngqongile bayijongela phantsi lento, bekholelwa ukuba umthetho udibene kakhulu nokulwa kwezopolitiko. Endaweni yokuba bamkhuthaze ukuba afunde ngezomthetho bamxelela ukuba makafundele ubugqirha, kuba babecinga ukuba sesona sihloko esinemisebenzi engcono. [30] Waye wafumana isixhaso semfundo, [30] kwathi ngonyaka we-1966 wangena kwicandelo "elingelolaseYurophu" kwiYunivesithi yaseNatal Medical School eWentworth, ilokishi yaseThekwini. [31] Apho, wazibandakanya nento eyimbali yakhe u-Xolela Mangcu awayibiza ngokuba "liqela elingaqhelekanga nelinomdla weqela labafundi" abavela eMzantsi Afrika; [32] uninzi lwabo xa kuhamba ixesha babamba iindima ezibalaseleyo ngexesha langaphambi kocalulo. [33] Ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 ibiyintsomi yeepolitiki yezomfundi eguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko kubonakaliswa kuqhanqalazo luka-1968, [34] uBiko wayenomdla wokuzibandakanya kule ndawo. [35] Kungekudala emva kokuba efikile eyunivesithi, wanyulwa kwiBhunga elimele abafundi (i-SRC). [36] IYunivesithi yase-SRC yayidibene noManyano lwaBafundi beSizwe (i-NUSAS). [37] I-NUSAS yathatha intlungu zokuhlakulela ubuhlanga obuninzi kodwa yahlala ilawulwa abamhlophe kuba uninzi lwabafundi base Mzantsi Afrika babevela kwilizwe elincinci labamhlophe. [38] Njengoko uClive Nettleton, inkokeli emhlophe ye-NUSAS ibeka: "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile nto kukuba i-NUSAS yasekwa ngephulo elimhlophe, ixhaswa ngemali emhlophe kwaye ibonakalisa izimvo zesininzi samalungu ayo amhlophe". I-NUSAS iluchasile ngokusemthethweni ucalucalulo, kodwa yamodareyitha inkcaso yayo ukuze kugcinwe inkxaso yabafundi abamhlophe abalondolozekayo. [40] UBiko kunye namanye amalungu amnyama ase-NUSAS ase-Afrika babenexhala xa iququzelela amaqela kwimizi emhlophe, apho abantu abamnyama babengavunyelwa ukuba bangene. [41] NgeyeKhala ngowe-1967, inkomfa ye-NUSAS eyabanjelwe kwiYunivesithi iRhodes eGrahamstown; emva kokuba abafundi befikile, bafumanisa ukuba indawo yokulala yayilungiselelwe abathunywa abamhlophe nabamaNdiya kodwa hayi amaAfrika amnyama, ababexelelwe ukuba banokulala kwicawa yasekuhlaleni. UBiko kunye nabanye abathunywa abamnyama baseAfrika baphume kule nkomfa benomsindo. U-Biko ngokuhamba kwexesha uxele ukuba lo msitho wamnyanzela ukuba aqwalasele kwakhona inkolelo yakhe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ubuhlanga kwezopolitiki: [43] == Ukusekwa koMbutho waBafundi waseMzantsi Afrika: 1968-1972 == === Ukuphuhliswa kwe-SASO === Emva kwenkomfa ye-NUSAS yangowe-1968 eRhawutini, uninzi lwamalungu alo aye kwinkomfa kaJulayi ngo-1968 yeYunivesithi iChristian Movement eStutterheim. Apho, amalungu amnyama ase-Afrika agqibe kwelokuba abambe inkomfa ngeyeKhala yokuxoxa malunga nokusekwa kweqela labafundi abamnyama elizimeleyo. [45] Umbutho wabafundi baseMzantsi Afrika (SASO) wamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwinkomfa yeKhala ngo-1969 kwiDyunivesithi yaseMantla; Apho, umgaqo-siseko weqela kunye neqonga lomgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko zamkelwa. [46] Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo liqela lokudibana konxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko emisebenzi yabafundi abamnyama, kubandakanya nemidlalo, imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kukhuphiswano lokuphikisana. [47] Nangona uBiko wadlala indima enkulu ekudalweni kwe-SASO, wafuna iprofayile yoluntu ephantsi ngexesha lokuqala kwayo, ekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kulomeleza inqanaba lesibini lobunkokheli, njengo-ally Barney Pityana. [48] Nangona kunjalo, wanyulwa njengo-Mongameli wokuqala we-SASO; UPat Matshaka wanyulwa njenge-Mongameli kunye no-Wuila Mashalaba njengo-Nobhala. [49] EThekwini kwaba yindawo yayo yedolophu eyintloko. <br /> == Izalathiso == # Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 89. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 235. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, pp. 20, 22. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Cock 1989, p. 3. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 32. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 96; Wilson 2012, p. 19. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 49; Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, pp. 97–98. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 98. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 22; Mangcu 2014, pp. 100–101. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 102. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, pp. 104–105. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, pp. 23, 27; Mangcu 2014, p. 106; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, p. 107. # Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 28. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, pp. 28–29; Mangcu 2014, p. 113. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 115. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 116. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 150. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 30. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 32. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 126. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117; Wilson 2012, pp. 30–31; Mangcu 2014, pp. 123–125. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 153–154. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 118–119; Mangcu 2014, pp. 157–159. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119; Wilson 2012, p. 36; Macqueen 2013, p. 367; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 169, 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 33. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 36, 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Macqueen 2014, p. 512. # '''^''' Marable & Joseph 2008, pp. ix–x. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mngxitama, Alexander & Gibson 2008, p. 2. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Denis 2010, p. 166. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 272. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' ^'''''d''''' ^'''''e''''' ^'''''f''''' Ahluwalia & Zegeye 2001, p. 460. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 278. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 43–44. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 121. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 126; Hill 2015, p. 1. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 368; Mangcu 2014, pp. 178–181. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147; Mangcu 2014, p. 177. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 176. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Woods 1978, p. 120. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31; Macqueen 2013, p. 375. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 48–49. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, pp. 366–367; Hill 2015, p. 35. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 36. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 51. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 719–720. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 721. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 723. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 722. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 724–727. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 367. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 204. : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=Frantz+Fanon+and+Steve+Biko%3A+Towards+Liberation&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=455-469&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630120087262&rft.aulast=Ahluwalia&rft.aufirst=Pal&rft.au=Zegeye%2C+Abebe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No.+46+-+Steve+Biko&rft.place=London&rft.pub=International+Defence+and+Aid+Fund&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-904759-21-1&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=SASO%27s+Reluctant+Embrace+of+Public+Forms+of+Protest%2C+1968%E2%80%931972&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=716-734&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2010.519940&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Possibility+of+Care%3A+Medical+Ethics+and+the+Death+of+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=567-579&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909612452710&rft.aulast=Bucher&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maids+and+Madams%3A+Domestic+Workers+Under+Apartheid&rft.place=Johannesburg&rft.pub=Ravan+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7043-4165-4&rft.aulast=Cock&rft.aufirst=Jacklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Seminary+Networks+and+Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa+in+the+1970s&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=162-182&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582471003778417&rft.aulast=Denis&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicatio&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+as+Existentialist+Communicator&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293-304&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02500167.2013.835524&rft.aulast=de+Wet&rft.aufirst=Johann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Identities&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+and+a+Critique+of+Global+Governance+as+White+Liberalism&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-76&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14725843.2014.961281&rft.aulast=Kamola&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Resonances+of+Youth+and+Tensions+of+Race%3A+Liberal+Student+Politics%2C+White+Radicals+and+Black+Consciousness%2C+1968%E2%80%931973&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-382&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2013.770062&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Black+Consciousness+in+Dialogue+in+South+Africa%3A+Steve+Biko%2C+Richard+Turner+and+the+%27Durban+Moment%27%2C+1970%E2%80%931974&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=511-525&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909613493609&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transformation%3A+Critical+Perspectives+on+Southern+Africa&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=76-79&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Mamdani&rft.aufirst=Mahmood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Stephen+Bantu+Biko&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mandela&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mangcu&rft.aufirst=Xolela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Series+Editors%27+Preface%3A+Steve+Biko+and+the+International+Context+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=vii-x&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Marable&rft.aufirst=Manning&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Peniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biko+Lives&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Mngxitama&rft.aufirst=Andile&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Testimony+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0586050057&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Bantu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Write+What+I+Like%3A+A+Selection+of+His+Writings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-435-90598-9&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Dialectics+of+Ideological+Resistance+to+White+Supremacy&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0887061295&rft.aulast=Fatton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Power+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Evolution+of+an+Ideology&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Greenberg&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0520039339&rft.aulast=Gerhart&rft.aufirst=Gail+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Who+Killed+Steve+Biko%3F%3A+Exhuming+Truth+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=565-568&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Man%27s+Justice%3A+South+African+Political+Trials+in+the+Black+Consciousness+Era&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0198258094&rft.aulast=Lobban&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : {| class="wikitable" | |Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Steve Biko'''''. |} * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Biko, Steve}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] b55sz9iwjmpil60p779t62gopxq7ryd 40767 40756 2026-06-12T08:30:52Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last version by 109.77.208.221: test edits, please use the sandbox 39414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Steve Biko on Flyer for Steve Biko Memorial at the Carver Cultural Center.jpg|thumb|right|alt| '''Stephen Bantu Biko'''<br> '''Umhla Wokuzalwa''' 18 EyoMnga 1946 eGinsberg, eMzantsi Afrika<br><br> '''Umhla Wokusweleka''' 12 EyoMsintsi 1977 (iminyaka eyi-30) ePitoli, eMzantsi Afrika <br><br> '''Umsebenzi''' Umntu ofak’isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo (Anti-Apartheid Activist)<br><br> '''Imibutho''' South African Students' Organisation; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention Black People's Convention ]<br><br> '''Inkosikazi''' Ntsiki Mashalaba <br><br> '''Iqabane''' [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamphele_Ramphele Mamphele Ramphele ]<br><br> '''Abantwana''' 5, bequka kunye no[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlumelo_Biko Hlumelo Biko]]]<br><br> '''UBantu Stephen Biko''' walibona ilanga ngonyaka we (18 kweyoMnga 1946, ze latshona ilanga ngomhla we 12 EyoMsintsi 1977) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekuchaseni ucalu-calulo. Nje ngomthandi weAfrika kunye nomququzeleli wokuqinisekisa ukuba ubutyebi belizwe bufunyanwa ngumntu wonke, uBiko wayephambili kwiphulo olwaluchasene nocalu-calulo, yaye lubeka phambili ukuzingca ngobumnyama [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement iBlack Consciousness Movement] ngonyaka ka 1960 ukuya kunyaka ka 1970. Iingcamango zakhe zazichazwe kuluhlu lwamanqaku ayepapashwe phantsi kwegama elingu "Frank Talk" <ref>(Matebese, Ngetyi)</ref> == Imvelaphi == Wakhulela kusapho oluhluphekileyo lwamaXhosa kwilokishi yase [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsberg,_Eastern_Cape Ginsberg] eMpuma Koloni. Ngonyaka we-1966 waqala izifundo zobu Gqirha kwiDyunivesithi yaseNatal apho waye wangena kumbutho wabafundi i-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03212.htm NUSAS] . Ekulweni kwakhe [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid ingcinezelo] nempatho mbi yabantu abamnyama, yaye yamphatha kakubi imeko yokuba iNUSAS kunye neminye imibutho eyayisilwa ingcinezelo yayilawulwa ngabantu abamhlophe ababelwela inkululeko, ingabo abaninzi kunabantu abamnyama, eyayingabona bantu bacinezelekileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba, nangona abantu abamhlophe babeneenjongo ezilungileyo, babengenakuze bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo intlungu yethu ngokuba babephela befuna ukulawula. <ref>(Gqomo and Ngqezana)</ref>. Wakha uluvo lokuba, ukuba abantu abamnyama bafuna ukulwisana nongonyamelo lwabantu abamhlophe kufuneka bazimele ngokunokwabo, ngenxa yoluluvo wanqenqeza phambili ekwakhiweni kombutho iSouth African Students’ Organization ([https://xh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Biko&action=edit&section=3 SASO]) ngonyaka we-1968. Ubulungu babuvumeleke kubantu “abamnyama” kuphela, eligama lalingabhekisi kubantu abathetha iiliwimi zesintu kuphela laliquka abantu bebala (Coloureds) kwakunye namaNdiya. Wayeyilumkele kakhulu into yokugcina abantu abamhlophe embuthweni, echasene nobuhlanga kwaye ekwanazo izihlobo nezinqanda-mathe zabelungu. Walixhasa elinyathelo urhulumente weNational Party ekuqaleni elibona elinyathelo lokwakhiwa kweSASO njengoloyiso lesiseko se-apateyiti socalu-calulo. Wayephembelelwa ngu[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Fanon Franz Fanon] kwakunye ne[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power African-American Black Power.] <ref>(Bonga Centwa)</ref> Ngokufumani ifuthe kuFrantz Fanon kunye nombutho iAfrican-American Black Power movement (waMandla wama-Afrika aseMelika), uBiko namaqabane akhe baphuhlisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (yoKuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama), ngcamango leyo yayi yeyona ngcamango ingundoqo yombutho iSASO. Lo mbutho waququzelela isiphelo socalucalulo ukuze uMzantsi Afrika udlulele uye kwisigaba sonyulo esibandakanye wonke ummi kwakunye noqoqosho olugxile ekuxhamleni kwindyebo yelizwe. Lo mbutho waququzela [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack Community Programmes (BCP) (Iinkqubo zoLuntu Olumnyama)] kwaye begxile ekuphuhliseni nasephuhliseni ulwazi kubantu abamnyana ngokwasengqondweni. UBiko wayekholelwa ekubeni abantu abamnyama kufuneka bezahlukanise nayiphi imeko nengcamango yokuzijongela phantsi ngokohlanga, ngcamango leyo wayeyisebenzisa ukugqamisa intetha ethi [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_is_beautiful “black is beautiful” (“ubumnyama buhle”)]. Ngonyaka we-1972, wayengomnye wabaqulunqi bombutho [http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/black-people%E2%80%99s-convention-bpc iBlack People’s Convention (BPC) (Ingqun gquthela yaBantu Abamnyama)] ukuphakamisa ingcamango yeBlack Consciousness (Ukuvuleka Ingqondo ngoBumnyama) kuluntu jikelele. <ref>(Zikho Dana)</ref> Iingoma ezininzi nemisebenzi yezobugcisa zazingaye,kanajalo kwakukho ukungavisisani malunga nokuba ilifa lakhe lezopolitiko lizophathwa ngubani. Ngexesha lakhe urhulumente wayerhanela ukuba wayengabafuni abamhlophe, amanye wamatshantliziyo awayesilwa norhulumente wocalucalulo ayemtyhola [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexism ngokucalula ngesini], wayegxekwa nangamalungu e-African racial nationalism ngokuzimanya namaKhaladi kunye namaNdiya. Nongona kunjalo, uBiko wabangomnye wamagorha okuqala omzabalazo olwisana norhumente wocalucalulo futhi ubonwa njenge tshantliziyo lomzabalazo kunye nomsunguli we-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement Black Consciousness] ==Imbali ngobom bakhe== ===Ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe: 1946-66=== UBantu Stephen Biko walibona ilanga ngomhla we-18 kweyoMnga ngonyaka we-1946, wazalelwa endlini kumzi kamakhulu wakhe e[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkastad Tarkastad] eMpuma Koloni. <ref>(Jolisa and Mxhasi)</ref> Ngumntana wesithathu kwinzala kaMzingaye Matthew Biko noAlice MamCethe Biko, uzalwa noBukelwa udade wabo omkhulu nomkhulwa wakhe uKhaya, alekelwe ngudade wabo uNobandile. Abazali bakhe bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kwidolophu yaseSada, apho uyise wayesebenza njengepolisa. UMzingaye watshintshelwa kwiidolophu ezininzi ngokomsebenzi, eziquka iKomani, iBhayi, iFort Cox waze wagqibela ngokuzinza kwidolophu yaseQonce apho yena noAlice bahlala kwilokishi yase[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015545/http://www.museum.za.net/index.php/imvubu-newsletter/92-ginsberg-an-early-history-researched Ginsberg]. Le lokishi yayihlala abantu abangapha kwama-800, apho iintsapho ezilinganiselwa kwisine zazisabelana ngendlu yangasese enye kunye nomthombo wamanzi omnye. Kule lokishi kwakuhlala iintlanga ezahlukeneyo eziquka abantu abamnyama kunye namakhaladi apho kwakuthethwa iilwimi ezifana nesiXhosa, isiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi. (Matinjwa & Sandi) Emva kokuba erhoxile emsebenzini wobupolisa,uMzinganye uye wasebenza njengo klakhi kumhlaba waseQonce kwi ofisi yeNative Affairs,abe kwangelithuba esenza izifundo zakhe kwezomthetho [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa kwiUniversity of South Africa].U-Alice waqala wasebenza njengo mncedi kwizindlu zabantu abamhlophe ababehlala kwingingqi yakhe waze wabangumpheki [http://doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net/hospitals_clinics_state_hospitals/state_public_hospitals_clinics_eastern_cape_south_africa/grey_hospital_king_william%27s_town_eastern_cape_south_africa eGrey Hospital] kwidolophu yaseQonce.Ngokwamazwi kadadewakhe, iimeko ezinzima umama kaBiko wayephangela phantsi kwazo zabangela uBiko aqale ezopolitiko. Igama likaBiko alinikiweyo elithi ‘Bantu’, linentsingiselo ethi, “Abantu”.UBiko elingama lakhe walinika intsingiselo yentetho ethi, “umntu ngumntu ngabantu”. <ref>(Kondile & Mangele)</ref> Nanjengomntana wathiywa isiteketiso esingu Goofy kwakunye nesinguXwaku-Xwaku, ezi ziteketiso zazisuka kwinkangeleko yakhe engaqoqoshekanga. Wayekhuliswa kwikhaya elikhonza e- [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa Anglican] Christian Faith. Ngonyaka we-1950 uBiko eneminyaka emine utata wakhe wagula waza wathunyelwa esibhedlele i [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:New_user_landing_page&page=St.+Matthew%27s+Hospital St. Mattew’s Hospital Hospital], e [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek], waze wasweleka, yaze lonto yabangela ukuba usapho luxhomekeke kumrholo kamama. <ref>(Tetani Tisani)</ref> UBiko wagqwesa kwizifundo zezibalo kunye nesiNgesi kwaye waphumelela phezulu kwiimviwo zakhe. Ngonyaka ka-1964 umphakathi waseGinsberg wamnika imali yokufunda (ibhasari) yokuba ahlangane nomntakwabo uKhaya njengomfundi e[Lovedale|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew], [kwisikolo esikhankanyiweyo eDikeni, eMpuma-koloni|https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lovedalemissiona00stew]. Phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu zokufika kukaSteve, uKhaya watyholwa ngokuba nonxibelelwano kuPoqo, iphiko elixhobileyo le[Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf], [[iqela lobuzwe belizwe lase-Afrika|https://web.archive.org/web/20200925125424/http://www.einjahr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maaba_PanAfricanArchives.pdf]] elathi lavalwa ngurhulumente. Bobabini uKhaya noSteve babe banjiwe kwaye baxoxiswa ngamapolisa; lowo wangaphambili wayegwetyiwe, waze wahlawulwa kwisibheno. Akukho bungqina obucacileyo bonxibelelwano kukaSteve kuPoqo obaveliswayo, kodwa wagxothwa eLovedale. <ref>(Nkunzi and Nkunzi)</ref> Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1964 ukuya kowe-1965, uBiko wafunda eSt. Francis College, isikolo samaKatolika e-Mariannhill, Natali. Le kholeji yayinenkcubeko yezopolitiko eyikhululekileyo, kwaye uBiko wakhulisa ukuqonda kwakhe kwezopolitiko apho. [26] Waba nomdla ngokukodwa endaweni yokutshintshwa korhulumente wocalu-calulo eMzantsi Afrika kunye nolawulo olwalumela uninzi lwabantsundu kweli lizwe. [27] Phakathi kweenkokheli ezichasene nobukoloniyali ezazingamagorha kaBiko ngeli xesha yayinguAhrah Ben Bella wase-Algeria noJaramogi Oginga Odinga wase [Kenya]. [27] Emva kwexesha wathi uninzi lwe "politicos" kusapho lwakhe babenovelwano kwi-PAC, eyayineengcinga ezichasene nobukomanisi kunye nezobuhlanga zaseAfrika. UBiko ukuthandile oko wakuchaza njenge "mbutho olunge kakhulu" wePAC kunye nenkalipho yamalungu alo amaninzi, kodwa wahlala engenantlonelo yindlela yakhe yokucalucalulwa ngokobuhlanga, ekholelwa ukuba amalungu awo onke amaqela obuhlanga kufuneka amanyane nxamnye norhulumente. [28] NgeyoMnga ngowe-1964, waya eZwelitsha kumsitho wolwaluko, ebonisa uphawu lwenguquko yakhe yokuba ngumfana ukuya ekubeni yindoda. == '''<big>Inkuthazo yokuqala yabafundi: 1966-1968</big>''' == Ekuqaleni u-Biko wayenomdla wokufunda ngezomthetho eyunivesithi, kodwa uninzi lwabo babemngqongile bayijongela phantsi lento, bekholelwa ukuba umthetho udibene kakhulu nokulwa kwezopolitiko. Endaweni yokuba bamkhuthaze ukuba afunde ngezomthetho bamxelela ukuba makafundele ubugqirha, kuba babecinga ukuba sesona sihloko esinemisebenzi engcono. [30] Waye wafumana isixhaso semfundo, [30] kwathi ngonyaka we-1966 wangena kwicandelo "elingelolaseYurophu" kwiYunivesithi yaseNatal Medical School eWentworth, ilokishi yaseThekwini. [31] Apho, wazibandakanya nento eyimbali yakhe u-Xolela Mangcu awayibiza ngokuba "liqela elingaqhelekanga nelinomdla weqela labafundi" abavela eMzantsi Afrika; [32] uninzi lwabo xa kuhamba ixesha babamba iindima ezibalaseleyo ngexesha langaphambi kocalulo. [33] Ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 ibiyintsomi yeepolitiki yezomfundi eguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko kubonakaliswa kuqhanqalazo luka-1968, [34] uBiko wayenomdla wokuzibandakanya kule ndawo. [35] Kungekudala emva kokuba efikile eyunivesithi, wanyulwa kwiBhunga elimele abafundi (i-SRC). [36] IYunivesithi yase-SRC yayidibene noManyano lwaBafundi beSizwe (i-NUSAS). [37] I-NUSAS yathatha intlungu zokuhlakulela ubuhlanga obuninzi kodwa yahlala ilawulwa abamhlophe kuba uninzi lwabafundi base Mzantsi Afrika babevela kwilizwe elincinci labamhlophe. [38] Njengoko uClive Nettleton, inkokeli emhlophe ye-NUSAS ibeka: "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile nto kukuba i-NUSAS yasekwa ngephulo elimhlophe, ixhaswa ngemali emhlophe kwaye ibonakalisa izimvo zesininzi samalungu ayo amhlophe". I-NUSAS iluchasile ngokusemthethweni ucalucalulo, kodwa yamodareyitha inkcaso yayo ukuze kugcinwe inkxaso yabafundi abamhlophe abalondolozekayo. [40] UBiko kunye namanye amalungu amnyama ase-NUSAS ase-Afrika babenexhala xa iququzelela amaqela kwimizi emhlophe, apho abantu abamnyama babengavunyelwa ukuba bangene. [41] NgeyeKhala ngowe-1967, inkomfa ye-NUSAS eyabanjelwe kwiYunivesithi iRhodes eGrahamstown; emva kokuba abafundi befikile, bafumanisa ukuba indawo yokulala yayilungiselelwe abathunywa abamhlophe nabamaNdiya kodwa hayi amaAfrika amnyama, ababexelelwe ukuba banokulala kwicawa yasekuhlaleni. UBiko kunye nabanye abathunywa abamnyama baseAfrika baphume kule nkomfa benomsindo. U-Biko ngokuhamba kwexesha uxele ukuba lo msitho wamnyanzela ukuba aqwalasele kwakhona inkolelo yakhe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ubuhlanga kwezopolitiki: [43] == Ukusekwa koMbutho waBafundi waseMzantsi Afrika: 1968-1972 == === Ukuphuhliswa kwe-SASO === Emva kwenkomfa ye-NUSAS yangowe-1968 eRhawutini, uninzi lwamalungu alo aye kwinkomfa kaJulayi ngo-1968 yeYunivesithi iChristian Movement eStutterheim. Apho, amalungu amnyama ase-Afrika agqibe kwelokuba abambe inkomfa ngeyeKhala yokuxoxa malunga nokusekwa kweqela labafundi abamnyama elizimeleyo. [45] Umbutho wabafundi baseMzantsi Afrika (SASO) wamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwinkomfa yeKhala ngo-1969 kwiDyunivesithi yaseMantla; Apho, umgaqo-siseko weqela kunye neqonga lomgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko zamkelwa. [46] Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo liqela lokudibana konxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko emisebenzi yabafundi abamnyama, kubandakanya nemidlalo, imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kukhuphiswano lokuphikisana. [47] Nangona uBiko wadlala indima enkulu ekudalweni kwe-SASO, wafuna iprofayile yoluntu ephantsi ngexesha lokuqala kwayo, ekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kulomeleza inqanaba lesibini lobunkokheli, njengo-ally Barney Pityana. [48] Nangona kunjalo, wanyulwa njengo-Mongameli wokuqala we-SASO; UPat Matshaka wanyulwa njenge-Mongameli kunye no-Wuila Mashalaba njengo-Nobhala. [49] EThekwini kwaba yindawo yayo yedolophu eyintloko. <br /> == Izalathiso == # Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 18; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 89. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 235. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, pp. 20, 22. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 20. # '''^''' Cock 1989, p. 3. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 18. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 32. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 96; Wilson 2012, p. 19. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 19; Mangcu 2014, p. 88. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 49; Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, pp. 97–98. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 98. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 22; Mangcu 2014, pp. 100–101. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 102. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, pp. 104–105. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, pp. 23, 27; Mangcu 2014, p. 106; Hill 2015, p. xxi. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 23; Mangcu 2014, p. 107. # Smit 1995, p. 18; Wilson 2012, p. 28. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Woods 1978, p. 49; Wilson 2012, pp. 28–29; Mangcu 2014, p. 113. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 115. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 116. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 150. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 30. # '''^''' Smit 1995, p. 18; Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 32. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, p. 126. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 117; Wilson 2012, pp. 30–31; Mangcu 2014, pp. 123–125. # '''^''' Wilson 2012, p. 31. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 153–154. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 118–119; Mangcu 2014, pp. 157–159. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119; Wilson 2012, p. 36; Macqueen 2013, p. 367; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 169, 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 33. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 36, 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 169. # '''^''' Macqueen 2014, p. 512. # '''^''' Marable & Joseph 2008, pp. ix–x. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mngxitama, Alexander & Gibson 2008, p. 2. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Denis 2010, p. 166. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 272. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' ^'''''d''''' ^'''''e''''' ^'''''f''''' Ahluwalia & Zegeye 2001, p. 460. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' ^'''''c''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 278. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, pp. 43–44. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 121. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 126; Hill 2015, p. 1. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 368; Mangcu 2014, pp. 178–181. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147; Mangcu 2014, p. 177. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 170. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 120; Mangcu 2014, p. 176. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Woods 1978, p. 120. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 147. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 119. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 31; Macqueen 2013, p. 375. # '''^''' Woods 1978, pp. 48–49. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, pp. 366–367; Hill 2015, p. 35. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 36. # '''^''' Woods 1978, p. 51. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 719–720. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 721. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 723. # '''^''' Brown 2010, p. 722. # '''^''' Brown 2010, pp. 724–727. # '''^''' Macqueen 2013, p. 367. # ^ Jump up to:^'''''a''''' ^'''''b''''' Mangcu 2014, p. 204. : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=Frantz+Fanon+and+Steve+Biko%3A+Towards+Liberation&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=455-469&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630120087262&rft.aulast=Ahluwalia&rft.aufirst=Pal&rft.au=Zegeye%2C+Abebe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No.+46+-+Steve+Biko&rft.place=London&rft.pub=International+Defence+and+Aid+Fund&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-904759-21-1&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=SASO%27s+Reluctant+Embrace+of+Public+Forms+of+Protest%2C+1968%E2%80%931972&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=716-734&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2010.519940&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Possibility+of+Care%3A+Medical+Ethics+and+the+Death+of+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=567-579&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909612452710&rft.aulast=Bucher&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maids+and+Madams%3A+Domestic+Workers+Under+Apartheid&rft.place=Johannesburg&rft.pub=Ravan+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7043-4165-4&rft.aulast=Cock&rft.aufirst=Jacklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Seminary+Networks+and+Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa+in+the+1970s&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=162-182&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582471003778417&rft.aulast=Denis&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicatio&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+as+Existentialist+Communicator&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293-304&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02500167.2013.835524&rft.aulast=de+Wet&rft.aufirst=Johann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Biko%2C+Black+Consciousness%2C+and+%E2%80%98the+System%E2%80%99+eZinyoka%3A+Oral+History+and+Black+Consciousness+in+Practice+in+a+Rural+Ciskei+Village&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=78-99&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582471003778342&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%27s+Ghost%3A+The+Iconography+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0816676361&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Shannen+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Identities&rft.atitle=Steve+Biko+and+a+Critique+of+Global+Governance+as+White+Liberalism&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-76&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14725843.2014.961281&rft.aulast=Kamola&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Resonances+of+Youth+and+Tensions+of+Race%3A+Liberal+Student+Politics%2C+White+Radicals+and+Black+Consciousness%2C+1968%E2%80%931973&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-382&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2013.770062&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Black+Consciousness+in+Dialogue+in+South+Africa%3A+Steve+Biko%2C+Richard+Turner+and+the+%27Durban+Moment%27%2C+1970%E2%80%931974&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=511-525&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021909613493609&rft.aulast=Macqueen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transformation%3A+Critical+Perspectives+on+Southern+Africa&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Steve+Biko&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=76-79&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Mamdani&rft.aufirst=Mahmood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Stephen+Bantu+Biko&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mandela&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biko%3A+A+Life&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-785-7&rft.aulast=Mangcu&rft.aufirst=Xolela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Series+Editors%27+Preface%3A+Steve+Biko+and+the+International+Context+of+Black+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=vii-x&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Marable&rft.aufirst=Manning&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Peniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biko+Lives&rft.btitle=Biko+Lives%21+Contesting+the+Legacies+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+and+Basingstoke&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-60519-0&rft.aulast=Mngxitama&rft.aufirst=Andile&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Testimony+of+Steve+Biko&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0586050057&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Bantu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Write+What+I+Like%3A+A+Selection+of+His+Writings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-435-90598-9&rft.aulast=Biko&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Consciousness+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Dialectics+of+Ideological+Resistance+to+White+Supremacy&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0887061295&rft.aulast=Fatton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Power+in+South+Africa%3A+The+Evolution+of+an+Ideology&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Greenberg&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0520039339&rft.aulast=Gerhart&rft.aufirst=Gail+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Who+Killed+Steve+Biko%3F%3A+Exhuming+Truth+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=565-568&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : <span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Man%27s+Justice%3A+South+African+Political+Trials+in+the+Black+Consciousness+Era&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0198258094&rft.aulast=Lobban&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Biko" class="Z3988"></span> : {| class="wikitable" | |Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''Steve Biko'''''. |} * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Biko, Steve}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 9tk2figg55rqwndg5g3nh16aa5uof0p 0 4002 40729 37696 2026-06-12T08:00:35Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 added a refrence 40729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''U-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' (Owaziwa nanjengo-'''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela'''; wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo1936<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000023223/ Winnie Mandela]. nndb.com</ref> – wasishiya ngomhla wesi-2 kuTshazimpuzi ngo2018) Igama lakhe lobuntombi ngu Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela, wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo 1936<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref>. Xa sithetha ngale nzwakazi sithetha ngetsha-ntliziyo kwezopolitiko elalibambe izikhundla ezininzi kurhulumente wentando yesininzi. Wayekwakhokhele umbutho wamanina [[I-African National congress| kaKhongolose]]. Wayekwalelinye lamalungu aphambili esigqeba sekomiti [[i-African National Congress| yeANC]]. Usweleke ngomhla wesi-2 KuTshazimpuzi 2018 eGoli kwiphondo laseRhawutini. ==Iqela lokuqala== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== uMam’u'''Winnie''' wazalelwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbizana_Local_Municipality eMbizana], kwilali yesa Mbongweni eMpuma Koloni ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesi thandathu(26) kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka 1936. Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama Getrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele sase[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto Soweto] i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. '''Ingcinezelo''' uMam’uWinnie umele isizukulwana seenkokheli zeli loMzantsi-Afrika kunye nabantu basetyhini abantsundu abebejongene nenkohlakalo yombuso wengcinezelo ngenxa yezenzo zabo zopolitiko .Wanyamezela ukuxhatshazwa ezandleni zamapolisa okhuseleko engcinezelo ngexa ejongene nokungcungcutheka ngethuba esentolongweni. Noxa wayenyamezele iintlungu ezingenako ukulityalwa, akazange azivumele ukuba zimohlukanisa nobutsha-ntliziyo kunye nobuntu bakhe. Kude kwasekupheleni, uMam’uWinnie ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ekuxhaseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika. Wayebanga umthetho wentlalo, waphela emela iminqweno namaphupha abo bahluphekayo nabasweleyo belizwe lethu. ==Iqela lesibini== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama uGetrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele saseSoweto i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. Ngomhla we-14 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngonyaka we-1958 wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notata u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela], baza balizwa ngeentombi ezimbini, uZenani noZindziswa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo ngamapolisa, iintlanganiso zombutho we [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress ANC], izenzo zoqhankqalazo kwakunye namatyala omthetho yaba zizinto ezathi zaphembelela iingxaki kubomi babo bokuqala emtshatweni. ===Ingcinezelo=== Kwinyanga yeDwarha kunyaka we-1958, umama uWinnie wathabatha inxaxheba kumngcelele wabantu basetyhini olwaluququzelelwe ngumama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Lillian Ngoyi], umama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Albertina Sisulu] kwakunye nabanye. Ngexesha lomngcelele amapolisa aye abamba abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kwe Waka. Umama uWinnie nabanye bachitha iiveki ezimbini entolongweni nje ngophawu lokuqhubekeka nomngcelele. Yaba sesi siganeko esakhokelelwa ekubeni umama uWinnie abe yinkokheli ephume izandla kwezopolitiko. ==Iqela lesithathu== ===Ixesha lengcinezelo=== Ebedlala indima yobukhokheli kuphulo lwe [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/we-stand-by-our-leaders ‘We stand by our leaders’] exhasa amabanjwa onyaka we-1956 ukuya kunyaka we-1991. Phakathi kwamathenjwa akhe kwakukho umama uNgoyi ehamba nomama uHelen Joseph ingabo bobabini abantu basetyhini ababebekwe ityala. Ukusukela ngo-1961 ebexhomekeke kwinqubo zemiyalelo ezisemthethweni eziphantse azaphazanyiswa, eziye zamvalela isakhono sakhe sokusebenza nokunxibelelana. Ngo-1962 uye walahlekelwa ngumnyeni wakhe owayevalelwe ixesha elide entilongweni waze wadibana naye ngo-1990. Umama uWinnie wayesoloko exhatshazwa, engcungcuthekiswa. Kwaye abantwana bakhe babengamaxhoba ngo-1962. Wayengavumelekanga phantsi kwe-Suppression of Communission Act, ngexesha wayevalelekile e-Orlando, eSoweto. ==Iqela lesine== Le nto yathintela iintshukumo zakhe kwisithili soomantyi sase-[https://www.joburg.org.za/ Johannesburg], amvalela ekungeneni kwiingcango zemfundo kwakunye nasekuthabatheni inkxaxheba athethe nakweyiphi na intlanganiso akanye imihlangano enabantu abangaphezulu kwesibini.Wasebenzela i-[https://web.archive.org/web/20180530055944/http://anc.org.za/splash/index ANC] emfihlakalweni ehamba iintlanganiso washicilela ehambisa amaphetshana phantsi kovalelo lwasendlini ngonyaka we-1970. Ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda ukuphikisana nemithetho awayeyinikiwe, ngonyaka we-'''1965''' wabaqatha umthetho omthintela ukuba ahambe aphume e-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto Orlando West]. Iziphumo zale mithetho yabakukuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe nje ngonontlalontle. Ngobusuku bomhla we-12 kuTshazimpuzi ngonyaka we-'''1969''', uMam’Winnie nosapho lwakhe bavuswa yingxolo eqhelekileyo yokugaleleka kwamapolisa. Amapolisa amohlukanisa nabantwana bakhe phantsi komthetho wonyaka we-'''1967''' wobunqolobi. Waye wohlwaywa ngokubekwa yedwa iintsuku ezingama-491 ( ezizinyanga ezili-17) phantsi komgaqo wobunqolobi.Ngo 1963 emva kokuba uNelson Mandela abanjwe emva kwetyala lase Revonia waba bubusa bakhe esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama 27 ewayayichithe etolongweni ==Ixesha lengcinezelo== Ngethuba umama uWinnie akhululwe ngalo entolongweni, kubekho imithetho engqingqwa eyayirhintyela iintshukumo zakhe. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo zomthetho, ukwazile ukuyombona umyeni wakhe '''eRobben island''' ngexesha elingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngonyaka we-1973, waye wabanjwa wanikwa isigwebo seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwintolongo igamalayo liyi '''Kroonstad Women’s Prison'''. Uye wakhululwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokothusayo imithetho yorhintyelo ngakuye zange ihlaziywe. Umama uWinnie uye wasebenzisana noGqirha [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthato_Motlana Nthato Motlana] ukusuka [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824053158/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/keywords/black-parents-association iSoweto Parents Association] ngonyaka we-1976 kwinyanga kaCanzibe. Babexakekile lulutsha kunye nabazali ababebanjiwe, nabalimeleyo kuqhankqalazo kunye nababuleweyo kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka we-1976. Emveni kokulandelela uqhankqalazo lwabafundi eSoweto, waye wabaselugcinweni ngaphandle kokubekwa ityala kangangeenyanga ezintlanu, kwaze kweyoMqungu ngonyaka we-1977 wanikwa imithetho emitsha emnyanzelisayo ukuba aye elubhacweni '''eBredfort''' kwiphondo lase [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|Freyistatata]]Wayekhokhela umbutho wamanina ka khongolose. ==Inguqulelo kwiDemokhrasi== Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukunqunyaniselwa kukamama uWinnie [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandfort eBrandfort] kwabuyelisa umva abacinezeli. Ngethuba wayeseBrandfort wamisela iiprojecti eziliqela kuquka iiprojecti zolimo, ezempilo, ezothungo lwempahla, ezogcino lwabantwana, iprojecti yokuphekela abantu abangathathi ntweni, wavula nekhaya lokugcina abantwana abangenabazali nabantwana abophula imithetho. Umama uWinnie akazange awuthobele umthetho owayewumiselwe, waze wabuyela eSoweto kwiminyaka yama-1980 wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasa ingcinezelo. Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawulwa ngumzabalazo woluntu nayimfumba yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kulo mzabalazo ku[[UMzantsi_Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] jikelele, ikhokhelwa ngumama uWinnie ubuqu, eSoweto. uRhulumente wengcinezelo wabuyisela ngobundlobongela obumandla kuba waye wafaka amajoni kwiilokishi wabhengeza izimo zokungxamisiseka ezimbini. Ukuzimisela kukamama uWinne kumzabalazo woluntu ingakumbi owabasetyhini, kwamkhokhela ekubeni onyulwe ngonyaka we-1993 abengumongameli [https://web.archive.org/web/20161206003424/http://womensleague.anc.org.za/ wombutho wamanina we-ANC] kwaye emva koko waphinda wonyulwa kwakhona leliqela ngonyaka we-1997 waliphatha de kwafika unyaka wama-2003. ==Amawonga neembasa== Emveni konyaka we-1994, wachongwa nje ngosekela Mphathiswa wobugcisa, inkcubeko, nzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kunyaka we-1984, washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/70067.Part_of_My_Soul_Went_with_Him '''Part Of My Soul'''] waphinda ngonyaka wama-2013 washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/491-days-prisoner-number-1323-69-winnie-mandelas-book-now-on-shelves '''491: Prisoner Number 1323/69'''] eyayibhekiswe kumzukulwana wakhe ongasekhoyo uZenani. Isekelwe kwi-jenali awayibhala ngemfihlo ngexesha lakhe eseluvalelweni. Kule ncwadi, uthetha ngentlungu ngokuhlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe nange ndlela eyambumba ngayo wabanguye. Umama u-Winnie wayelibhinqa lase-Afrika elizingcayo elazondelela ekulweni ukungabikho kobulungisa kwilizwe lakhe. Wayesazi ukuba yayingumsebenzi ongenambulelo kwaye zange anyamezele ubunzima ngeenjongo zokuzuza uzuko, koko wayefuna inkululeko yabantu bakhe. Wazimelisa uninzi lolutsha lamatsha-ntliziyo elalizibandekanye nenkululeko nobulungisa eluntwini. Ngale ndima wawongwa njengoMongameli obekekileyo wanaphakade we-[http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/congress-south-african-students-cosas Congress Of South African Students]. Umama u-Winnie ushiya ngasemva: IiNkosazana ezibekekileyo uZenani Dlamini noZindziswa Mandela; abazukulwana bakhe: uZaziwe, uZamaswazi, uZinhle, uZoleka, uZondwa, uBambatha, uZozuko and uZwelabo: isizukulwane sakhe: uZiyanda, uZiphokazi, uZwelami, uZamakhosi, uZazi, uZiwelane, uZenkosi, uZanyiwe, uZinokuhle, uZiyalo noZenzelwe.Wayesebenza njengelunga le Palamente ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1994 ukuya ku 2003. ==Imithombo== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madikizela Mandela, Winnie}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] gpwnl4lthzn6b622kl2r7kkz7xrhmw3 40730 40729 2026-06-12T08:01:56Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 ADDED A REFERENCE 40730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''U-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' (Owaziwa nanjengo-'''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela'''; wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo1936<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000023223/ Winnie Mandela]. nndb.com</ref> – wasishiya ngomhla wesi-2 kuTshazimpuzi ngo2018) Igama lakhe lobuntombi ngu Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela, wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo 1936<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref>. Xa sithetha ngale nzwakazi sithetha ngetsha-ntliziyo kwezopolitiko elalibambe izikhundla ezininzi kurhulumente wentando yesininzi. Wayekwakhokhele umbutho wamanina [[I-African National congress| kaKhongolose]]. Wayekwalelinye lamalungu aphambili esigqeba sekomiti [[i-African National Congress| yeANC]]. Usweleke ngomhla wesi-2 KuTshazimpuzi 2018 eGoli kwiphondo laseRhawutini. WINNIE MANDELA<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> ==Iqela lokuqala== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== uMam’u'''Winnie''' wazalelwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbizana_Local_Municipality eMbizana], kwilali yesa Mbongweni eMpuma Koloni ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesi thandathu(26) kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka 1936. Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama Getrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele sase[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto Soweto] i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. '''Ingcinezelo''' uMam’uWinnie umele isizukulwana seenkokheli zeli loMzantsi-Afrika kunye nabantu basetyhini abantsundu abebejongene nenkohlakalo yombuso wengcinezelo ngenxa yezenzo zabo zopolitiko .Wanyamezela ukuxhatshazwa ezandleni zamapolisa okhuseleko engcinezelo ngexa ejongene nokungcungcutheka ngethuba esentolongweni. Noxa wayenyamezele iintlungu ezingenako ukulityalwa, akazange azivumele ukuba zimohlukanisa nobutsha-ntliziyo kunye nobuntu bakhe. Kude kwasekupheleni, uMam’uWinnie ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ekuxhaseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika. Wayebanga umthetho wentlalo, waphela emela iminqweno namaphupha abo bahluphekayo nabasweleyo belizwe lethu. ==Iqela lesibini== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama uGetrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele saseSoweto i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. Ngomhla we-14 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngonyaka we-1958 wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notata u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela], baza balizwa ngeentombi ezimbini, uZenani noZindziswa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo ngamapolisa, iintlanganiso zombutho we [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress ANC], izenzo zoqhankqalazo kwakunye namatyala omthetho yaba zizinto ezathi zaphembelela iingxaki kubomi babo bokuqala emtshatweni. ===Ingcinezelo=== Kwinyanga yeDwarha kunyaka we-1958, umama uWinnie wathabatha inxaxheba kumngcelele wabantu basetyhini olwaluququzelelwe ngumama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Lillian Ngoyi], umama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Albertina Sisulu] kwakunye nabanye. Ngexesha lomngcelele amapolisa aye abamba abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kwe Waka. Umama uWinnie nabanye bachitha iiveki ezimbini entolongweni nje ngophawu lokuqhubekeka nomngcelele. Yaba sesi siganeko esakhokelelwa ekubeni umama uWinnie abe yinkokheli ephume izandla kwezopolitiko. ==Iqela lesithathu== ===Ixesha lengcinezelo=== Ebedlala indima yobukhokheli kuphulo lwe [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/we-stand-by-our-leaders ‘We stand by our leaders’] exhasa amabanjwa onyaka we-1956 ukuya kunyaka we-1991. Phakathi kwamathenjwa akhe kwakukho umama uNgoyi ehamba nomama uHelen Joseph ingabo bobabini abantu basetyhini ababebekwe ityala. Ukusukela ngo-1961 ebexhomekeke kwinqubo zemiyalelo ezisemthethweni eziphantse azaphazanyiswa, eziye zamvalela isakhono sakhe sokusebenza nokunxibelelana. Ngo-1962 uye walahlekelwa ngumnyeni wakhe owayevalelwe ixesha elide entilongweni waze wadibana naye ngo-1990. Umama uWinnie wayesoloko exhatshazwa, engcungcuthekiswa. Kwaye abantwana bakhe babengamaxhoba ngo-1962. Wayengavumelekanga phantsi kwe-Suppression of Communission Act, ngexesha wayevalelekile e-Orlando, eSoweto. ==Iqela lesine== Le nto yathintela iintshukumo zakhe kwisithili soomantyi sase-[https://www.joburg.org.za/ Johannesburg], amvalela ekungeneni kwiingcango zemfundo kwakunye nasekuthabatheni inkxaxheba athethe nakweyiphi na intlanganiso akanye imihlangano enabantu abangaphezulu kwesibini.Wasebenzela i-[https://web.archive.org/web/20180530055944/http://anc.org.za/splash/index ANC] emfihlakalweni ehamba iintlanganiso washicilela ehambisa amaphetshana phantsi kovalelo lwasendlini ngonyaka we-1970. Ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda ukuphikisana nemithetho awayeyinikiwe, ngonyaka we-'''1965''' wabaqatha umthetho omthintela ukuba ahambe aphume e-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto Orlando West]. Iziphumo zale mithetho yabakukuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe nje ngonontlalontle. Ngobusuku bomhla we-12 kuTshazimpuzi ngonyaka we-'''1969''', uMam’Winnie nosapho lwakhe bavuswa yingxolo eqhelekileyo yokugaleleka kwamapolisa. Amapolisa amohlukanisa nabantwana bakhe phantsi komthetho wonyaka we-'''1967''' wobunqolobi. Waye wohlwaywa ngokubekwa yedwa iintsuku ezingama-491 ( ezizinyanga ezili-17) phantsi komgaqo wobunqolobi.Ngo 1963 emva kokuba uNelson Mandela abanjwe emva kwetyala lase Revonia waba bubusa bakhe esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama 27 ewayayichithe etolongweni ==Ixesha lengcinezelo== Ngethuba umama uWinnie akhululwe ngalo entolongweni, kubekho imithetho engqingqwa eyayirhintyela iintshukumo zakhe. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo zomthetho, ukwazile ukuyombona umyeni wakhe '''eRobben island''' ngexesha elingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngonyaka we-1973, waye wabanjwa wanikwa isigwebo seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwintolongo igamalayo liyi '''Kroonstad Women’s Prison'''. Uye wakhululwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokothusayo imithetho yorhintyelo ngakuye zange ihlaziywe. Umama uWinnie uye wasebenzisana noGqirha [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthato_Motlana Nthato Motlana] ukusuka [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824053158/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/keywords/black-parents-association iSoweto Parents Association] ngonyaka we-1976 kwinyanga kaCanzibe. Babexakekile lulutsha kunye nabazali ababebanjiwe, nabalimeleyo kuqhankqalazo kunye nababuleweyo kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka we-1976. Emveni kokulandelela uqhankqalazo lwabafundi eSoweto, waye wabaselugcinweni ngaphandle kokubekwa ityala kangangeenyanga ezintlanu, kwaze kweyoMqungu ngonyaka we-1977 wanikwa imithetho emitsha emnyanzelisayo ukuba aye elubhacweni '''eBredfort''' kwiphondo lase [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|Freyistatata]]Wayekhokhela umbutho wamanina ka khongolose. ==Inguqulelo kwiDemokhrasi== Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukunqunyaniselwa kukamama uWinnie [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandfort eBrandfort] kwabuyelisa umva abacinezeli. Ngethuba wayeseBrandfort wamisela iiprojecti eziliqela kuquka iiprojecti zolimo, ezempilo, ezothungo lwempahla, ezogcino lwabantwana, iprojecti yokuphekela abantu abangathathi ntweni, wavula nekhaya lokugcina abantwana abangenabazali nabantwana abophula imithetho. Umama uWinnie akazange awuthobele umthetho owayewumiselwe, waze wabuyela eSoweto kwiminyaka yama-1980 wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasa ingcinezelo. Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawulwa ngumzabalazo woluntu nayimfumba yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kulo mzabalazo ku[[UMzantsi_Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] jikelele, ikhokhelwa ngumama uWinnie ubuqu, eSoweto. uRhulumente wengcinezelo wabuyisela ngobundlobongela obumandla kuba waye wafaka amajoni kwiilokishi wabhengeza izimo zokungxamisiseka ezimbini. Ukuzimisela kukamama uWinne kumzabalazo woluntu ingakumbi owabasetyhini, kwamkhokhela ekubeni onyulwe ngonyaka we-1993 abengumongameli [https://web.archive.org/web/20161206003424/http://womensleague.anc.org.za/ wombutho wamanina we-ANC] kwaye emva koko waphinda wonyulwa kwakhona leliqela ngonyaka we-1997 waliphatha de kwafika unyaka wama-2003. ==Amawonga neembasa== Emveni konyaka we-1994, wachongwa nje ngosekela Mphathiswa wobugcisa, inkcubeko, nzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kunyaka we-1984, washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/70067.Part_of_My_Soul_Went_with_Him '''Part Of My Soul'''] waphinda ngonyaka wama-2013 washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/491-days-prisoner-number-1323-69-winnie-mandelas-book-now-on-shelves '''491: Prisoner Number 1323/69'''] eyayibhekiswe kumzukulwana wakhe ongasekhoyo uZenani. Isekelwe kwi-jenali awayibhala ngemfihlo ngexesha lakhe eseluvalelweni. Kule ncwadi, uthetha ngentlungu ngokuhlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe nange ndlela eyambumba ngayo wabanguye. Umama u-Winnie wayelibhinqa lase-Afrika elizingcayo elazondelela ekulweni ukungabikho kobulungisa kwilizwe lakhe. Wayesazi ukuba yayingumsebenzi ongenambulelo kwaye zange anyamezele ubunzima ngeenjongo zokuzuza uzuko, koko wayefuna inkululeko yabantu bakhe. Wazimelisa uninzi lolutsha lamatsha-ntliziyo elalizibandekanye nenkululeko nobulungisa eluntwini. Ngale ndima wawongwa njengoMongameli obekekileyo wanaphakade we-[http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/congress-south-african-students-cosas Congress Of South African Students]. Umama u-Winnie ushiya ngasemva: IiNkosazana ezibekekileyo uZenani Dlamini noZindziswa Mandela; abazukulwana bakhe: uZaziwe, uZamaswazi, uZinhle, uZoleka, uZondwa, uBambatha, uZozuko and uZwelabo: isizukulwane sakhe: uZiyanda, uZiphokazi, uZwelami, uZamakhosi, uZazi, uZiwelane, uZenkosi, uZanyiwe, uZinokuhle, uZiyalo noZenzelwe.Wayesebenza njengelunga le Palamente ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1994 ukuya ku 2003. ==Imithombo== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madikizela Mandela, Winnie}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 004vov24jwq50cpfxz3z06zyz1vxv0r 40823 40730 2026-06-12T09:31:17Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''U-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' (Owaziwa nanjengo-'''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela'''; wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo1936<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000023223/ Winnie Mandela]. nndb.com</ref> – wasishiya ngomhla wesi-2 kuTshazimpuzi ngo2018) Igama lakhe lobuntombi ngu Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela, wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo 1936<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref>. Xa sithetha ngale nzwakazi sithetha ngetsha-ntliziyo kwezopolitiko elalibambe izikhundla ezininzi kurhulumente wentando yesininzi. Wayekwakhokhele umbutho wamanina [[I-African National congress| kaKhongolose]]. Wayekwalelinye lamalungu aphambili esigqeba sekomiti [[i-African National Congress| yeANC]]. Usweleke ngomhla wesi-2 KuTshazimpuzi 2018 eGoli kwiphondo laseRhawutini. WINNIE MANDELA<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> ==''Iqela lokuqala''== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== uMam’u'''Winnie''' wazalelwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbizana_Local_Municipality eMbizana], kwilali yesa Mbongweni eMpuma Koloni ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesi thandathu(26) kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka 1936. Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama Getrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele sase[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto Soweto] i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. '''Ingcinezelo''' uMam’uWinnie umele isizukulwana seenkokheli zeli loMzantsi-Afrika kunye nabantu basetyhini abantsundu abebejongene nenkohlakalo yombuso wengcinezelo ngenxa yezenzo zabo zopolitiko .Wanyamezela ukuxhatshazwa ezandleni zamapolisa okhuseleko engcinezelo ngexa ejongene nokungcungcutheka ngethuba esentolongweni. Noxa wayenyamezele iintlungu ezingenako ukulityalwa, akazange azivumele ukuba zimohlukanisa nobutsha-ntliziyo kunye nobuntu bakhe. Kude kwasekupheleni, uMam’uWinnie ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ekuxhaseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika. Wayebanga umthetho wentlalo, waphela emela iminqweno namaphupha abo bahluphekayo nabasweleyo belizwe lethu. =='''''Iqela lesibini'''''== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama uGetrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele saseSoweto i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. Ngomhla we-14 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngonyaka we-1958 wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notata u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela], baza balizwa ngeentombi ezimbini, uZenani noZindziswa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo ngamapolisa, iintlanganiso zombutho we [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress ANC], izenzo zoqhankqalazo kwakunye namatyala omthetho yaba zizinto ezathi zaphembelela iingxaki kubomi babo bokuqala emtshatweni. ==='''Ingcinezelo'''=== Kwinyanga yeDwarha kunyaka we-1958, umama uWinnie wathabatha inxaxheba kumngcelele wabantu basetyhini olwaluququzelelwe ngumama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Lillian Ngoyi], umama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Albertina Sisulu] kwakunye nabanye. Ngexesha lomngcelele amapolisa aye abamba abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kwe Waka. Umama uWinnie nabanye bachitha iiveki ezimbini entolongweni nje ngophawu lokuqhubekeka nomngcelele. Yaba sesi siganeko esakhokelelwa ekubeni umama uWinnie abe yinkokheli ephume izandla kwezopolitiko. =='''Iqela lesithathu'''== ===Ixesha lengcinezelo=== Ebedlala indima yobukhokheli kuphulo lwe [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/we-stand-by-our-leaders ‘We stand by our leaders’] exhasa amabanjwa onyaka we-1956 ukuya kunyaka we-1991. Phakathi kwamathenjwa akhe kwakukho umama uNgoyi ehamba nomama uHelen Joseph ingabo bobabini abantu basetyhini ababebekwe ityala. Ukusukela ngo-1961 ebexhomekeke kwinqubo zemiyalelo ezisemthethweni eziphantse azaphazanyiswa, eziye zamvalela isakhono sakhe sokusebenza nokunxibelelana. Ngo-1962 uye walahlekelwa ngumnyeni wakhe owayevalelwe ixesha elide entilongweni waze wadibana naye ngo-1990. Umama uWinnie wayesoloko exhatshazwa, engcungcuthekiswa. Kwaye abantwana bakhe babengamaxhoba ngo-1962. Wayengavumelekanga phantsi kwe-Suppression of Communission Act, ngexesha wayevalelekile e-Orlando, eSoweto. =='''Iqela lesine'''== Le nto yathintela iintshukumo zakhe kwisithili soomantyi sase-[https://www.joburg.org.za/ Johannesburg], amvalela ekungeneni kwiingcango zemfundo kwakunye nasekuthabatheni inkxaxheba athethe nakweyiphi na intlanganiso akanye imihlangano enabantu abangaphezulu kwesibini.Wasebenzela i-[https://web.archive.org/web/20180530055944/http://anc.org.za/splash/index ANC] emfihlakalweni ehamba iintlanganiso washicilela ehambisa amaphetshana phantsi kovalelo lwasendlini ngonyaka we-1970. Ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda ukuphikisana nemithetho awayeyinikiwe, ngonyaka we-'''1965''' wabaqatha umthetho omthintela ukuba ahambe aphume e-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto Orlando West]. Iziphumo zale mithetho yabakukuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe nje ngonontlalontle. Ngobusuku bomhla we-12 kuTshazimpuzi ngonyaka we-'''1969''', uMam’Winnie nosapho lwakhe bavuswa yingxolo eqhelekileyo yokugaleleka kwamapolisa. Amapolisa amohlukanisa nabantwana bakhe phantsi komthetho wonyaka we-'''1967''' wobunqolobi. Waye wohlwaywa ngokubekwa yedwa iintsuku ezingama-491 ( ezizinyanga ezili-17) phantsi komgaqo wobunqolobi.Ngo 1963 emva kokuba uNelson Mandela abanjwe emva kwetyala lase Revonia waba bubusa bakhe esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama 27 ewayayichithe etolongweni =='''Ixesha lengcinezelo'''== Ngethuba umama uWinnie akhululwe ngalo entolongweni, kubekho imithetho engqingqwa eyayirhintyela iintshukumo zakhe. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo zomthetho, ukwazile ukuyombona umyeni wakhe '''eRobben island''' ngexesha elingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngonyaka we-1973, waye wabanjwa wanikwa isigwebo seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwintolongo igamalayo liyi '''Kroonstad Women’s Prison'''. Uye wakhululwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokothusayo imithetho yorhintyelo ngakuye zange ihlaziywe. Umama uWinnie uye wasebenzisana noGqirha [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthato_Motlana Nthato Motlana] ukusuka [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824053158/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/keywords/black-parents-association iSoweto Parents Association] ngonyaka we-1976 kwinyanga kaCanzibe. Babexakekile lulutsha kunye nabazali ababebanjiwe, nabalimeleyo kuqhankqalazo kunye nababuleweyo kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka we-1976. Emveni kokulandelela uqhankqalazo lwabafundi eSoweto, waye wabaselugcinweni ngaphandle kokubekwa ityala kangangeenyanga ezintlanu, kwaze kweyoMqungu ngonyaka we-1977 wanikwa imithetho emitsha emnyanzelisayo ukuba aye elubhacweni '''eBredfort''' kwiphondo lase [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|Freyistatata]]Wayekhokhela umbutho wamanina ka khongolose. =='''Inguqulelo kwiDemokhrasi'''== Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukunqunyaniselwa kukamama uWinnie [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandfort eBrandfort] kwabuyelisa umva abacinezeli. Ngethuba wayeseBrandfort wamisela iiprojecti eziliqela kuquka iiprojecti zolimo, ezempilo, ezothungo lwempahla, ezogcino lwabantwana, iprojecti yokuphekela abantu abangathathi ntweni, wavula nekhaya lokugcina abantwana abangenabazali nabantwana abophula imithetho. Umama uWinnie akazange awuthobele umthetho owayewumiselwe, waze wabuyela eSoweto kwiminyaka yama-1980 wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasa ingcinezelo. Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawulwa ngumzabalazo woluntu nayimfumba yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kulo mzabalazo ku[[UMzantsi_Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] jikelele, ikhokhelwa ngumama uWinnie ubuqu, eSoweto. uRhulumente wengcinezelo wabuyisela ngobundlobongela obumandla kuba waye wafaka amajoni kwiilokishi wabhengeza izimo zokungxamisiseka ezimbini. Ukuzimisela kukamama uWinne kumzabalazo woluntu ingakumbi owabasetyhini, kwamkhokhela ekubeni onyulwe ngonyaka we-1993 abengumongameli [https://web.archive.org/web/20161206003424/http://womensleague.anc.org.za/ wombutho wamanina we-ANC] kwaye emva koko waphinda wonyulwa kwakhona leliqela ngonyaka we-1997 waliphatha de kwafika unyaka wama-2003. ==Amawonga neembasa== Emveni konyaka we-1994, wachongwa nje ngosekela Mphathiswa wobugcisa, inkcubeko, nzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kunyaka we-1984, washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/70067.Part_of_My_Soul_Went_with_Him '''Part Of My Soul'''] waphinda ngonyaka wama-2013 washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/491-days-prisoner-number-1323-69-winnie-mandelas-book-now-on-shelves '''491: Prisoner Number 1323/69'''] eyayibhekiswe kumzukulwana wakhe ongasekhoyo uZenani. Isekelwe kwi-jenali awayibhala ngemfihlo ngexesha lakhe eseluvalelweni. Kule ncwadi, uthetha ngentlungu ngokuhlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe nange ndlela eyambumba ngayo wabanguye. Umama u-Winnie wayelibhinqa lase-Afrika elizingcayo elazondelela ekulweni ukungabikho kobulungisa kwilizwe lakhe. Wayesazi ukuba yayingumsebenzi ongenambulelo kwaye zange anyamezele ubunzima ngeenjongo zokuzuza uzuko, koko wayefuna inkululeko yabantu bakhe. Wazimelisa uninzi lolutsha lamatsha-ntliziyo elalizibandekanye nenkululeko nobulungisa eluntwini. Ngale ndima wawongwa njengoMongameli obekekileyo wanaphakade we-[http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/congress-south-african-students-cosas Congress Of South African Students]. Umama u-Winnie ushiya ngasemva: IiNkosazana ezibekekileyo uZenani Dlamini noZindziswa Mandela; abazukulwana bakhe: uZaziwe, uZamaswazi, uZinhle, uZoleka, uZondwa, uBambatha, uZozuko and uZwelabo: isizukulwane sakhe: uZiyanda, uZiphokazi, uZwelami, uZamakhosi, uZazi, uZiwelane, uZenkosi, uZanyiwe, uZinokuhle, uZiyalo noZenzelwe.Wayesebenza njengelunga le Palamente ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1994 ukuya ku 2003. ==Imithombo== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madikizela Mandela, Winnie}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] jl6qavqd55cgyylxgaa0whyoc2jgp8k 0 4018 40727 31634 2026-06-12T07:58:59Z BathandeBONKE 16121 aDDED REFERENCE 40727 wikitext text/x-wiki Yintoni i-Democracy [[File:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]] [[File:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|260px|Umfasi ofaka i-vote kwi 2007 French presidential election.]] I-Democracy<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nations|first=United|title=Democracy|url=https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> yindlela yonyulo apho wonke umntu oyinzalelwane okanye ummi welo lizwe anikwa ithuba lukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo. sj93b0fxcoxpg9txrrft2ca986jq4sp 40735 40727 2026-06-12T08:07:51Z Sam17Qwa 13674 added refencing 40735 wikitext text/x-wiki Yintoni i-Democracy [[File:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]] [[File:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|260px|Umfasi ofaka i-vote kwi 2007 French presidential election.]] I-Democracy<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nations|first=United|title=Democracy|url=https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> yindlela yonyulo apho wonke umntu oyinzalelwane okanye ummi welo lizwe anikwa ithuba <ref>{{Cite web|title=WLA Almost a decade of wins: Learn how ITHUBA is setting new standards for lotteries across Africa|url=https://world-lotteries.org/insights/news/member-news/almost-a-decade-of-wins-learn-how-ithuba-is-setting-new-standards-for-lotteries-across-africa|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=world-lotteries.org}}</ref>lukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo. i68zhbh3kh3cqisjds683jnen21l2xc 40750 40735 2026-06-12T08:18:32Z BathandeBONKE 16121 aDDED REFERENCE 40750 wikitext text/x-wiki Yintoni i-Democracy [[File:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]] [[File:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|260px|Umfasi ofaka i-vote kwi 2007 French presidential election.]] I-Democracy<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nations|first=United|title=Democracy|url=https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> yindlela yonyulo apho wonke umntu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Umntu Ngumntu Ngabantu – A person is a person through other people (Vol 1, No 20) - Student Life and Development|url=https://studentaffairs.mandela.ac.za/Discourse-of-Student-Life/September/Umntu-Ngumntu-Ngabantu-%E2%80%93-A-person-is-a-person-thro|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=studentaffairs.mandela.ac.za}}</ref> oyinzalelwane okanye ummi welo lizwe anikwa ithuba <ref>{{Cite web|title=WLA Almost a decade of wins: Learn how ITHUBA is setting new standards for lotteries across Africa|url=https://world-lotteries.org/insights/news/member-news/almost-a-decade-of-wins-learn-how-ithuba-is-setting-new-standards-for-lotteries-across-africa|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=world-lotteries.org}}</ref>lukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo. mhgn4cjzxv1r2kg2uupsar54fobxuz8 40753 40750 2026-06-12T08:22:44Z BathandeBONKE 16121 aDDED REFERENCE 40753 wikitext text/x-wiki Yintoni i-Democracy [[File:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]] [[File:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|260px|Umfasi ofaka i-vote kwi 2007 French presidential election.]] I-Democracy<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nations|first=United|title=Democracy|url=https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/democracy|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> yindlela yonyulo apho wonke umntu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Umntu Ngumntu Ngabantu – A person is a person through other people (Vol 1, No 20) - Student Life and Development|url=https://studentaffairs.mandela.ac.za/Discourse-of-Student-Life/September/Umntu-Ngumntu-Ngabantu-%E2%80%93-A-person-is-a-person-thro|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=studentaffairs.mandela.ac.za}}</ref> oyinzalelwane okanye ummi welo lizwe anikwa ithuba <ref>{{Cite web|title=WLA Almost a decade of wins: Learn how ITHUBA is setting new standards for lotteries across Africa|url=https://world-lotteries.org/insights/news/member-news/almost-a-decade-of-wins-learn-how-ithuba-is-setting-new-standards-for-lotteries-across-africa|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=world-lotteries.org}}</ref>lukuthabatha inxaxheba <ref>{{Cite web|title=Inxaxheba in English {{!}} Xhosa to English Dictionary {{!}} Translate.com|url=https://www.translate.com/dictionary/xhosa-english/inxaxheba-15988260|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.translate.com}}</ref>ngokulinganayo. j5owh8iv81n54xfz69k6s9b9h7o2r1q 0 4031 40822 31066 2026-06-12T09:29:44Z Cokotho 16123 Improved content 40822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hausziege 04.jpg|thumbnail|Ibhokhwe]] == Elona gama lesiNguni esibizwa ngaso esi silwanyana [[Imbuzi|"yimbuzi"]]. Abantu abaninzi bayakuthi eli gama lelesiZulu. Kanti hayi khona, belisayakusetyenziswa ngabo bonke abantu abantetho yabo isisiNguni. Kwathi ke ngenxa yefuthe lolwimi lwesiBhulu kumaXhosa, kwasetyenziswa eli gama lithi '<nowiki/>''Ibhokhwe''' == Ibhokhwe [[Inkomo|nenkomo]] zizilwanyana zasekhaya ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bemveli baseMzantsi Afrika. Bekuhlalwa kusenziwa ngazo imicimbi enje [[Amasiko|'''ngamasiko''']] ekuhlaleni. Ubuyakusoloko usiva kuthethwa ngebhokhwe xa kusenziwa imicimbi yekhaya emincinane. Kanti ke yona inkomo ibibaluleke nangaphezulu kuba kaloku ibixhelwa xa kukho imicimbi emikhulu. [[Iigusha]] ezi ziyafika zize nabelungu yiyo le nto kuthiwa ngamadlagusha. # Mandulo phaya umntu omnyama wayengayifaki kowakhe umlomo igusha, eyicekisa, kuba kaloku wayengayazi. Nditsho [[ihagu|nehagu]] le iyafika kweli lizwe, yayingekho mandulo. Yibhokhwe negusha ezona zilwanyana bezixhelwa, zityiwe. # na zasendle kuba [[Category:Izilwanyana]] {{stub}} jtd8o1gj4jf9hsk5k7te0sayfd98mdw 0 4112 40694 30880 2026-06-12T07:30:04Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Ndilifake kumanye amagama 40694 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:JohannesburgMontage1.jpg|thumb|250px|EGoli]] [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|250px|left|eJohannesburg]] '''iGoli''' sisisixeko esis[[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Likomkhulu lePhondo las[[eRhawutini]]. Esi sixeko saafunyanwa ngomhla wesi-4 kweyeDwarha, ngo-1886 kwaye inentengiso ekukhuseleko oluphezulu kwezentengiso, nto leyo eyenza okokuba ine yeyona inentengiso enkulu kwi-afrika iphela. Izakhiwo zaseGoli zezona zakhe zande e-[[African National Congress|Afrika]], i-Carlton Centre (inamabali angama-50) nekusesona sakhiwo sakhe saside, isakhiwo eside saseHillbrow (esibude bungama-270 metres, or 90 stories). Igama lesiteketiso lesi sixeko kuthiwa yi-Goli, nto leyo ethetha okokuba "''yindawo ye[[igolide|golide]]''". iiphecenti ezingamashumi amane zegolide yehlabathi ifunyenwe apha. Iziko lasegoli eligcina izilwanyana laafunyanwa ngo-1904, kwaye ngokwembali, belisoloko liphantsi kweliso likwalawulwa sesixeko saseGoli. Ligcine amabhere amabini kuphela e-Africa. Igoli eli alibonwa njengeziko lokutyelela apha [[eMzantsi Afrika]], koko libonwa njengesixeko sokushishina. Igoli linemozulu etshinatshintayo. u[[Nelson Mandela]] walishiya eli phakade elapha eGoli ngomhla wesi-5 kweyoMnga ngo-2013, eneminyaka engama-95 ubudala. Wayewongwe ngembasa "yokukhululeka kwesi Sixeko". {{Lidolophu zaseGauteng}} {{Provincial capitals of South Africa}} [[Category:IDolophu]] [[Category:IPhondo yaRhawuti]] 5hrcv0figsqhp6ciq82jcfmsbfm9i4l 0 4114 40690 33950 2026-06-12T07:25:53Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Linked to other pages. 40690 wikitext text/x-wiki I-Transkei [[i-Ceskei|neCeskei]] yayingamaphandle awayehlala ama[[Xhosa music|Xhosa]]. Sizakuqwalasela iphandle eliyi-Transkei kweli phepha. [[File:Transkei_in_South_Africa.svg|thumb]] [[ITranskei]] yayisakuba lelinye lamaphandle awathi amiselwa ngurhulumente owayephethe phambi ko1994 nje ngamazwe azimeleyo apha [[UMzantsi Afrika|emZantsi Afrika]]. Ngaloo minyaka eli phandle lalinezixeko ezingama-28 ezizezi zilandelayo: [[Mthatha|eMthatha]], [[kuTsolo]], eMount Fletcher, ku[[Qumbu]], eMount frere (kwaBhaca), eMount Aylif, eBhizana, eFlagstaff (eSiphaqeni), eLusikisiki, e[[Port St Johns]], eLibode, Ngqeleni, [[eNgcobo]], eTsomo, eCofimvaba, Cala, eDutywa, eGcuwa, kuCentane, [[eMqanduli]], eXhorha, kuGatyana, eTabankulu, eMzimkhulu, eMaluti, nezinye. ITranskei yahlulwe ziintlanga ngeentlanga ezinje ngamaBomvana, [[amaMpondo]], [[abaThembu]], amaMfengu, amaBhaca, nezinye. Uhlanga ngalunye kwezi lunentetho yalo. Umzekelo, amaMpondo athetha isiMpondo, amaBhaca athetha isiBhaca, abaThembu namaBomvana bathetha isiXhosa. Kodwa zonke ezi lwimi ziyazalana kakhulu, kuba ingcambu eziphuma kuyo inye. Bathi khona besakuhlalelana bavane kakhulu ngentetho. Njengoko ingabantu abanye namasiko abo ebuyelelana, kukho apho nalapho bohluka khona. Kodwa ke ubukhulu becala ngabantu abanye benza izinto kunye. Umzekelo ama[[Mpondo]] nabaThembu bebesendiselana. [[Umfazi]] wokuqala kaMandela yintombi yasemaQwathini. Owesibini yena Limpondokazi. I-Transkei (oku kuthetha okokuba le yindawo ephesheya komlambo i-Kei, ngokwaseburhulumenteni bangaphambili le ndawo yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Riphabliki yeTranskei, kusithiwa yi-Bantustan—an, ingingqi ekuMzantsi Mmpuma we[[UMzantsi Afrika|South Afrika]] eyayibekelwe ecaleni ukuze ihlale amalungu ohlanga (oluntsundu) olwaluhlala kule ngingqi ukuze lube norhulumente walo othandwa lulo kwakunye nepalamente yalo. Ikomkhulu lale ngingqi kwakungu [[Mthatha]] nowatshintshwa ngo-2004 wabizwa ngokuba nguMthatha. I-[[Transkei]] yamfumana uzimele-geqe ngomnyaka ka1976. Abantu abaninzi bayakuyikhumbula imibhiyozo eyayibanjiwe kubhiyozelwa inkululeko yasetranskei ngalo nyaka ka1976. Kwabakho nekhakhakazi elikhulu apho kwakukhutshiswana ngelona culo elaliphambili kulo mbhizoyozo, culo elo lalisithi "[[ETranskei]] kuluvuyo, uzimele ufikile. siyavuya, siyagcoba, uzimele ufikile. Aa Dalinwonga!! A! Thole lesilo, sikuthule'umnqwazi, sithi wuntshu...". Makhe silande emva unobangela wokokuba kubhiyozwe ngalo nyaka [[eTranskei.]] Ithi imbali, urhulumente owayephethe ngaphambili kuka1994 wasebenzisa iilwimi zabantu abantsundu ukuze akwazi ukubacinezela, abacalucalule, ngokuthi abohlule abalawule bekwezo ndawo bakuzo bengadibani nabamhlophe ngokuthi abekela bucala ezo ndawo bakuzo, ukuze zonke ezo ndawo zibe phantsi kweliso lalo rhulumente wabamhlophe. Iilwimi zase [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] ezazisaziwa nguloo rhulumente, phofu ke nangoku, zezo zifundwa ezikolweni, ezinye ilwimi azithathwa ngokuba ziilwimi zase [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] okanye ziilwimi ezikhoyo kweli lizwe, nditsho nokokuba baninzi kangakanani na abantu abazithethayo, ukuba nje azikho ezikolweni, zithathwa ngokuba akuzolwimi zifanelekileyo. Nabantu bazo ke benziwa intlekisa. Yaya ivuthwa ngokuvuthwa ke lento, kangangokuba xa kwakusenziwa laa maphandle ngurhulumente wocalu-calulo, wenza amaphandle amane, amabini kuwo yaba ngaw[[amaXhosa]], iTranskei neCeskei njengoko sele kutshiwo apha ngasentla. Omabini laa maphandle kwathiwa akwi Cape Province. ITranskei yamfuna umaziphathe ngo-1976, waza [[u-K D Mathanzima|uKaizer Daliwonga Mathanzima]] wangu-president wayo ngo1978 de kwangu1987. Le nkululeko yaseTranskei zange ihoywe ngamazwe amaninzi, ithatyathwa njengesixhobo sokucinezela abantu abantsundu [[uMzantsi Afrika|emZantsi Afrika]]. Yaba ngurhulumente wengcinezelo kuphela kunye namanye amaphandle afana nayo iTranskei awayemxhasa urhulumente kaMathanzima. URhulumente wase [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] wabekela bucala iindawo ezimbini kwiPhondo lase [[Kapa]] waza wazenza amaphandle abantu abantetho is[[isiXhosa]], elinye iphandle yaba yi[[Ciskei|Ceskei]]; laza elinye kwaba yi [[Transkei]] neyathi yanikwa umaziphathe okanye uzimele-geqe ngo-1963. Nangona kunyulo lokuqala kwabakho abagqatswa kwaza kwaphumelela umbutho wabantu ababesinininzi i-Demokrasi ke ukutsho, umseki walo mbutho kwakungunkosi uVictor Poto, waphikiswa kummba welizwe elizimeleyo ngolawulo. Urhulumente waba ngumbutho ozimeleyo wesizwe sase (i-''Transkei the Transkei National Independence Party''). Kumalungu aweyeli-109 kurhulumente wengingqi, angama-45 awonyulwayo; ezinye izihlalo zabekelwa bucala zibekelwa iinkosi ezivela zaseburhulumenteni. Lo rhulumente wabasisizwe esizimele ngokupheleleyo ngo-1976 phantsi kwekomkhulu laso e[[Mthatha]] (nekungoku nje kuthiwa ngu [[Mthatha]]), nangona eli lizwe lalisaziwa ngu [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] kuphela laza ke ngokuhamba kwexesha laziwa nangamanye amaphandle awayekwangoorhulumente abazimeleyo kwinkqubo ye-TBVC-system. UNkosi uKaiser Daliwonga Matanzima wabayintloko yokuqala yeli lizwe de kwangumnyaka we-1978, lo ngunyaka awaqala ngawo ukuba ngumongameli, wasibamba esi sikhundla de kwangumnyaka wama-1987. {{DEFAULTSORT:Transkei}} [[Category:I-Transkei| ]] [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika]] myx4pacl9jxxtfkxe5eunx175g72gtx 0 4125 40696 37120 2026-06-12T07:30:17Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:South Africa dominant language map.svg|thumb|right|Ezona lwiimi zisetyenziswayo eMzantsi Afrika. Le mephu ibonisa illwimi ezithethwa ngabemi beli ngokwahlukana kweengingqi zaseMzantsi Afrika. {{Clear}} {{columns |col1= {{legend|#8dd3c7|Afrikaans}} {{legend|#ffffb3|English}} {{legend|#bebada|Southern Ndebele}} {{legend|#fb8072|Xhosa}} {{legend|#80b1d3|Zulu}} {{legend|#fdb462|Northern Sotho}} |col2= {{legend|#b3de69|Southern Sotho}} {{legend|#fccde5|Tswana}} {{legend|#bc80bd|Swati}} {{legend|#ccebc5|Venda}} {{legend|#ffed6f|Tsonga}} {{legend|#d0d0d0|None dominant}}}}]] '''[[UMzantsi Afrika]]''' uneelwimi zas[[eburhulumenteni]] ezilishumi elinanye. Zezi: [[isiBhulu]], [[isiNgesi]], [[isiNdebele]], [[isiSuthu saseNtshona]], [[isiSuthu]], [[isiSwazi]], [[isiTswana]], [[isiTsonga]], [[isiVenda]], [[isiXhosa]] kunye ne[[isiZulu|siZulu]]. Uninzi lwabemi baseMzantsi Afrika (olungaphaya kwama99%) luthetha enye yezi lwimi [[ulwimi lokuqala|njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala]]. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Census 2001: Census in brief |publisher=Statistics South Africa |year=2009 |page=14 |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/CInBrief/CIB2001.pdf |access-date=2014-08-04 |archive-date=2005-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505140723/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/HTML/CInBrief/CIB2001.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika luyakwazi ukuthetha iilwimi ezimbini nangaphezulu. phambi komnyaka ka-1994, uMzantsi afrika wawuneelwimi zaseburhulumenteni ezimbini kuphela, kusisiNgesi nesiBhulu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/83cons.htm|title=Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 110 of 1983|publisher=Government of South Africa|date=15 October 2004|accessdate=2011-07-03|archive-date=2011-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105033409/http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/83cons.htm}}</ref> Kwinguquleleo yolwimi lwesiNgesi [[Umgaqo siseko|yoMgaqo siseko]] waseMzantsi Afrika, zibizwa ngamagama esiNtu nekungamagama abizwa ngeelwimi zawo. [[Ulwimi lwesiZulu]] kuthiwa ''isiZulu'', [[ulwimi lwesiXhosa]] kuthiwa ''isiXhosa'', njalo njalo. Iilwimi ezidweliswe kumGaqo siseko nazi: isiZulu (Zulu), isiXhosa (Xhosa), isiBhulu(Afrikaans), isiSepedi (Northern Sotho), isiTswana (sseTswana), isiNgesi (English), isiSuthu (isisuthu saseMzantsi), Xitsonga (Tsonga), isiSiswati (isiSwati), Tshivenda (isiVenda), kunye nesiNdebele (Southern Ndebele).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/96cons1.htm|title=Chapter 1 - Founding Provisions|work=Constitution of South Africa|year=1996|publisher=Government of South Africa|accessdate=2011-06-03|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629092124/http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/96cons1.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> EMzantsi Afrika, isiNdebele sazeMazantsi saziwa kuphela njenge''siNdebele'', kuba kaloku uninzi lwamaNdebele aseNtshona luseZimbabwe. Kwinguqulelo yomGaqo siseko ka-1993 xa kuthethwa nge''Northern Sotho'' kuthiwa ''Sesotho sa Leboa'', kodwa eka-1996 inguqulelo kuthiwa si''siSepedi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/93cons.htm|title=Constitution of South Africa|year=1993|publisher=Government of South Africa|accessdate=2011-07-03|archive-date=2013-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729191811/http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/93cons.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Amasebe ngamasebe karhulumente kunye nemibutho yaseburhulumenteni isebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo xa ebhekisa kwisiSuthu saseMntla]]. <ref>{{cite book|title=MULTILINGUAL NATURAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY DICTIONARY|url=http://www.dac.gov.za/chief_directorates/NLS/Website%20MULTILINGUAL%20NATURAL%20SCIENCES%20Sotho%20pdf%2019%20%20Nov%202008.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Arts and Culture Department, Republic of South Africa|edition=1st|year=2005|access-date=2014-08-04|archive-date=2012-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309001120/http://www.dac.gov.za/chief_directorates/NLS/Website%20MULTILINGUAL%20NATURAL%20SCIENCES%20Sotho%20pdf%2019%20%20Nov%202008.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Olona lwimi lusetyenziswa ngurhulumente nakunye kwiinyewe eziphezulu sisiNgesi. Zombini isiBhulu nesiNgesi zibaluleke kakhulu k[[ushishino]]. Uninzi [[izinhanha|lwezinhanha]] (izityebi) zeli loMzantsi Afrika zithetha isiBhulu nesiNgesi.<ref>{{cite news|title=What's Your LSM?|publisher=TVSA, The South African TV Authority|url=http://www.tvsa.co.za/default.asp?blogname=news&articleID=4931|date=30 May 2007|accessdate=2011-07-03}}</ref> Ezimbinizase kwiilwimi burhulumenteni zezas[[iilwimi zaseNtsona naseJamani|eNtshona naseJamani]](isiNgesi nesiBhulu). Ezinye iilwimi eziluthoba zeze[[iilwimi zesiNtu|siNtu]]. ezine zeelwimi zesiNtu ziyinxalenye [[iilwimi zesiNguni|yosapho lweelwimi zesiNguni]] (isiZulu, isiXhosa, isiSwati, isiNdebele). Ezintathu kwiilwimi zesiNtu l[[ulwimi lwesiSuthu-nesiTswana]] (Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, nesiTswana). isiTsonga lulwimi [[iTswa-Ronga|lweTswa-Ronga]]. Kananjalo uMzantsi Afrika unolwimi lwezandla kuzwelonke. [[ulwimi lwezandla lwaseMzantsi Afrika]]. a7kji670om91fmq5kyxona2vdpq1dj1 0 4126 40689 40673 2026-06-12T07:24:45Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndifake utshintsho 40689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[eMonti]]''' ([[isiNgesi]]: '''East London''', [[isiBhulu|ngesiBhulu]]: '''Oos-Londen'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |title=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=15 May 2011}}</ref> esi sisixeko esizinze phaya kunxweme lwakummzantsi-mpuma [[waseMzantsi Afrika]]. Esi sixeko simi kuma-32.97°S nakuma-27.87°E<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm |title=South Africa Cities |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084248/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm }}</ref> kwisixeko iBuffalo City kwi[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Phondo laseMpuma Koloni]]. Isixeko sizinze phaya ngakunxweme lolwandle lwaseIndiya, ubukhulu becacala siphakathi komlambo iBuffalo nakumlambo iNxarhun, kwangu nguwo owamkela iziko lemilambo kweli lizwe. Sithetha nje esi sixeko saseMonti sinoluntu olungaphaya kwama-267,000 kummamndla osisixekokazi.<ref>[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260]</ref> == Imbali == [[File:City Hall Oxford Street.jpg|thumb|250px|]] uLieutenant John Bailie womkhosi waselwandle, omnye wabaphangi-mhlaba weminyaka yoo-1820, wahlola umlomo womlambo iBuffalo waza wafumana idolophu ngo-1836, isikhumbuzo seNduli esisisiBonakaliso sokukhumbula nokunika imbeko kwesi siganeko.<ref>''The Story of the British Settlers of 1820 in South Africa'' - H. E. Hockly (Juta & Co., 1948)</ref> Isixeko sakhiwa ngakumlambo [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] kwaye sasisaya kwaziwa ngokokuba yiPort Rex. Oku kuzinza kunxweme lwaseNtshona kwaba yinkaba yeMonti, eyathi yakhuliswa de yaba kwizinga lesixeko ngokupheleleyo ngo-1914. Ngeminyaka yokuqala kwiNkulungwane ye-19th iimfazwe ezazibanjwe phakathi kwabavukeli baseBritane kunye nabahlali bakule ngingqi ababeng[[amaXhosa]], isixeko saseMonti sasisebenza njengovimba oxhobisa imikhosi amakomkhulu emikhosi eyayikufuphi ne Qonce, eyayikude kangangamashumi amathathu eemayile. Isakhiwo somkhosi waseBritane, i-Fort Glamorgan, sakhiwa ekuNxweme lwaseMntla ngo-1847, saza sanikezelwa kiKoloni yaseKapa kwakuloo mnyaka mnye. Esi sakhiwo sesinye semingcelele yezakhiwo ezi lolu hlobo ezathi zakhiwa yiBritane, eziquka iFort Murray, iFort White, iFort Cox, iFort Hare kunye neFort Beaufort, kwingingqi eyayizinze umkhosi neyathi yabizwa ngokuba yiBritish Kaffraria. Kwathi ngokuya kusakhiwa iziko elukunxweme bafika abavukeli beenzalelwane zale ngingqi, sele bequka nabavukeli baseJamani, uninzi lwabo ingamasoka. ngabo kaloku abafika bafaka amagama esiJamani kwinxalenye yeedolophu kule ngingqi yaseMonti amagama afana neCumakala kunye neBerlin. Unanamhla oku, iifani zamaJamani ezifana noo- Gehring, Salzwedel kunye noo-Peinke zisaxhaphakile eMonti, kodwa zona iinzalelwane zabavukeli zakhawuleza zatshintsha zaphila ubuNgesi. Indawo eyakhelwa umkhosi ngakunxweme ekhoyo kungoku nje, kanye kumlomo womlambo iBuffalo, othungela kulwandle lwaseIndiya, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1870. Ngo-1872, ikoloni yaseKapa, phantsi kweNkulumbusoyokuqala uJohn Molteno, wathi wawongwa ngesidanga sokuzimela geqe yiBritani. Lo rhulumente mtsha wathi wamanya indawo ezintathu zaseMonti ezazingabamelwane, iMonti, impuma yeMonti kunye nePanmure ngo-1873, zatsho zenza lo Masipala simbonayo ngoku, kwaye ngo-1876 yaqala yaba sisakhiwo kwingingqi yeendlela zikaloliwe, yaqala kunxweme lomlambo. Ngaxesha nye, yaqala yakha isakhiwo sesitishi seenqanawa nezikhephe. Esi sakhiwo sitsha saxesha ukwanda kwesi sixeko, satsho ngesixeko saseMonti, isixeko sanamhlanje esimbeje-mbeje nesiqaqambileyo. <ref>Burman, Jose (1984). ''Early Railways at the Cape''. Cape Town. Human & Rousseau, p.81. ISBN 0-7981-1760-5</ref><ref>Bond J.: ''They were South Africans''. London: Oxford University Press. 1956. Chapter 19, ''The Makers of Railways: John Molteno''. p.170.</ref> Ibhlorho elihlobo olulodwa ezibhlorho ezimbini ezibelekeneyo phezu komlambo iBuffalo yaaqgitywa ukwakhiwa ngo-1935 kwaye unanamhla oku, ikukuphela kwebhlorho elolu hlobo kuMzantsi afrika uphela. Ezona ndawo zimtsalane ngempucuko zibandakanya i ziko lemiboniso yezilwanyana nezinto zemveli eMonti ekulikhaya leecoelacanth, intlanzi yembali zamandulo, ekucingwa ukuba azisekho, zifumaneka ngqo eChalumna Mouth kufuphi naseMonti zifunyanwa ngabalobi ngo-1938, kunye nenqwaba yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo nekuyeyesikhumbuzo. Esi sixeko saziwa njengendawo yokuloba, kunjalo nje iindawo zokonwaba nekudadwa kuzo ziyinxalenye yeendawo ezakhe zantle apha kweli lizwe. == UbuRhulumente nezoPolitiko == Ngo-1961, imimandla exhake iMonti yaamiselwa njengamaphandle abantu abamnyama kwabaseCiskei ngaseNtshona kwaza kwas eTranskei ngaseMpuma. Yazibona iMonti sele irhangqiwe macala onke ngaphandle kwaseMantla yaza yenza loo nto ukuba ingabinakuzinza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lengcinezelo. Umhleli wephepha-ndaba laloo ngingqi, i''Daily Dispatch'', yayinguDonald Woods, owaphalaza imbali yokugetyengwa kuka[[Steve Biko|Steve Biko]], itshantlizyo lenkokheli yomanyano lwamaAfrika nombhali wencwadi esihloko sayo sithi ''I Write What I Like'', egetyengwa ekwizandla zamapolisa okhuselo lwaseMzantsi Afrika eBhayi, kweyomMsintsi ngo-1977. Ibali likaDonald Woods lashicilelwa kumboniso bhanya-bhanya weHollywood othi ''Cry Freedom''. Sithetha nje nanko umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBiko uthe ngcu unomtsalane ngaphandle kweholokazi lesixeko saseMonti. Ixesha lokukwaywa koMzantsi Afrika lihlabathi olwathi lwalandela ngeminyaka yoo-1980s lwalwenzakalisa uqoqosho lwesitishi seenqanawa saseMonti. Uqoqosho olumandla lwakutsha nje kuleminyaka imbalwa igqithileyo, lusenziwa ngamaqumrhu afana noo-Daimler Chrysler, yaza loo nto yangunozala wokuphuhliswa nokukhuliswa nokuphuculwa kwesi sitishi seenqanawa kuquka nesemoto entsha. Ngo-2000, iMonti yaba yinxalenye yeBuffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, umdibaniso wedolophu yaseQonce, [[iBhisho]] kunye noMdantsane kwaye inesihlalo kwi-Metro. == Uqoqosho == [[File:East London Airport, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Isikhululo seenqwelo-ntaka zaseMonti]] iMonti iliziko loshishino lwesibini ukubalikhulu kweli Phondo. Ushishino lweemoto lungoyena mqeshi ukhonyayo. esona sityalo seDaimler sithe ngcu ecaleni kwesitishi seenqanawa, apho kwenziwa khona i[[Mercedes-Benz]] nezinye iinqwelo-mafutha ezenzelwa ukuthengiswa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, nokuthunyelwa e[[United States|Melika]] naseiBrazil. Aanye amashishini aquka impahla yokunxiba, iindwangu, amachiza, nokwenziwa kokutya. Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kude kuye kutsho kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, urhulumente weingcinezelo nocalu-calulo waloba ngokuveza irhafu ehamba nomvuzo ngeenjongo zokutsala oosomashishini kwinto eyayibizwa ngokuba ngoko ng[['amazwe abantu abamnyama abazimeleyo', kuquka elikufutshane iCiskei. Lwatsho lwavela macala uqoqosho kumazwe aye engomakhelwane afana neFort Jackson kunye naseDimbaza, lushiya iMonti iyodwa ngokufanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yombutho olwel yangelo xesha ayizange ibenakho ukwenza nto malunga nenkqubela ekwenzeni ubuhlobo obububo kwezemesebenzi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kwezothutho kwaya kusiba kubi ngakumbi zaza neenzame eziyimisebenzi yawa phantis. Ukukhuthaza ukonga eMonti, indawo yokuphuhlisa ushishino eMonti ''East London Industrial Development Zone'' (IDZ) yathi yafunyanwa eWest Bank ngo-2004, kufutshane nedolophu nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. umhlaba ongangama-1500ha waveliswa, kwaye isiza sesinye samaziko ophuhliso amane emzantsi afrika. Ezothutho eMonti zixhumana nazo zonke ezinye iindawo eMzantsi afrika. Umgaqo okumphakamo iN2 uxhumana neendlela ezinqumla kwesi sixeko zisiya e[[iKapa|kapa]] neziya e[[Thekwini|Thekwini]], ube okumphakamo weN6 udibana neMonti ngendlela eya kwisixeko sase[[iBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseMonti, esili-10&nbsp;leekhilomitha ukusuka phakathi naphakathi kwisixeko saseMonti, luneenqwelo-moya ezihamba mihla le zisiya kuzo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. == Ezemidlalo== [[iQakambha]] ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu apha eMonti. Icala leQakambha elingumdibaniso webhoda/neQakambha yephondo leMpuma Koloni laziwa ngokuba yiWarriors lilo elithabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwephondo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Owayesakuba yi-Proteas wicketkeeper uMark Boucher nekungoku nje ubambe iingxelo zovavanyo kumatyeli amaninzi ngokuchithwa yi-wicketkeeper ngokwesiphakamiso saseMonti. KwiStadium saseesikwipaki yase-Buffalo eMonti saasingatha umdlalo ngokhuphiswano lweICC indebe yeQakambha kwihlabathi ngo-2003 nakwimidlalo emibini ka2009 ye-League [[Indian Premier League|i-Indian Premier League.]] <!-- The Buffalo Road Running Club of East London has created two established events that have gained international recognition. They are the Old Mutual Buffalo 42,2&nbsp;km marathon, which is held in February/March each year, and South Africa's oldest 160&nbsp;km extreme ultra marathon, the Washie, over a picturesque and undulating coastal route from Port Alfred to the city.--> Eminye imidlalo ebanjwayo apha iquka [[amanqindi]], imountain biking, iskydiving, aeyeembaleki, umdyarho wamahashe nemmidlalo emininzi yamanzi efana nesurfing, ukuqubha, iscuba diving, ukuloba, ukudada ngesikhephe, kunye newindsurfing. ==Utyelelo == [[File:East london beach1.jpg|thumb|Ulwandle lwaseMonti]] Iindawo zokutyelela ziquka: iYellowsands, iGlen Eden, iGqunube, iQueensbury Bay, [[iCintsa]] eNtshona naseMpuma Cintsa. == Iindawo ezinomtsalane == *Umzi wezilwanyana eMonti *Umzi waseMonti onezinto zembali nezinto ezonwabisayo *Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve *uMpongo Private Game Reserve *iYellow Sands Caravan Park == Iziphaluka nemozulu == {{climate chart |East London |18 |26 |69 |19 |26 |92 |18 |25 |105 |15 |24 |83 |13 |23 |52 |11 |21 |40 |10 |21 |47 |11 |21 |78 |12 |21 |80 |14 |22 |102 |16 |23 |110 |17 |25 |63 |float = right |clear = right |source = SAWS }} iMonti linemozulu eshushu (Köppen ''Cfa/Cfb''), iqondo layo lifudumele njengakunxweme lwaseMonti. Nangona kungekho xesha lanyaka lunembalela apha, kubakho ukoma ebusika, kutsho kubekho intwasahlobo ne..... <!-- O DEAR! NEEDS TRANSLATION.............. there is a drying trend in the winter, with the wettest times of year being "spring" and "autumn". There is also a shorter and lesser dry period in December and January. The all-time record low is 3 C, and the all-time record high is 42 C. The hottest temperatures have been recorded in springtime, rather than the summer months. Temperatures above 38 C have only been recorded early in the season, from August to December. Although temperatures have never dropped below freezing since records began, East London has recorded snowfall in 1985 and 1989.<ref name="East London Historical Weather Records">{{cite web |url = http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/East_London/688580.htm |title = East London Historical Weather Records |accessdate = 25 February 2012 |publisher=TuTiempo.net}}</ref>...............--> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Izixeko zasemZantsi Afrika]] ih3vpuvzzb3u6tqf5lflah6mh491ekk 40764 40689 2026-06-12T08:30:32Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40764 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''[[eMonti]]''' ([[isiNgesi]]: '''East London''', [[isiBhulu|ngesiBhulu]]: '''Oos-Londen'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |title=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=15 May 2011}}</ref> esi sisixeko esizinze phaya kunxweme lwakummzantsi-mpuma [[waseMzantsi Afrika]]. == Esi sixeko simi kuma-32.97°S nakuma-27.87°E<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm |title=South Africa Cities |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084248/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm }}</ref> kwisixeko iBuffalo City kwi'''[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Phondo laseMpuma Koloni]].''' Isixeko sizinze phaya ngakunxweme lolwandle lwaseIndiya, ubukhulu becacala siphakathi komlambo iBuffalo nakumlambo iNxarhun, kwangu nguwo owamkela iziko lemilambo kweli lizwe. Sithetha nje esi sixeko saseMonti sinoluntu olungaphaya kwama-267,000 kummamndla osisixekokazi.<ref>[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260]</ref> == '''Imbali''' == [[File:City Hall Oxford Street.jpg|thumb|250px|]] uLieutenant John Bailie womkhosi waselwandle, omnye wabaphangi-mhlaba weminyaka yoo-1820, wahlola umlomo womlambo iBuffalo waza wafumana idolophu ngo-1836, isikhumbuzo seNduli esisisiBonakaliso sokukhumbula nokunika imbeko kwesi siganeko.<ref>''The Story of the British Settlers of 1820 in South Africa'' - H. E. Hockly (Juta & Co., 1948)</ref> Isixeko sakhiwa ngakumlambo [[UMzantsi Afrika|e'''Mzantsi Afrika''']] kwaye sasisaya kwaziwa ngokokuba yiPort Rex. Oku kuzinza kunxweme lwaseNtshona kwaba yinkaba yeMonti, eyathi yakhuliswa de yaba kwizinga lesixeko ngokupheleleyo ngo-1914. Ngeminyaka yokuqala kwiNkulungwane ye-19th iimfazwe ezazibanjwe phakathi kwabavukeli baseBritane kunye nabahlali bakule ngingqi ababeng[[amaXhosa|'''amaXhosa''']], isixeko sase'''Monti''' sasisebenza njengovimba oxhobisa imikhosi amakomkhulu emikhosi eyayikufuphi ne Qonce, eyayikude kangangamashumi amathathu eemayile. Isakhiwo somkhosi waseBritane, i-Fort Glamorgan, sakhiwa ekuNxweme lwaseMntla ngo-1847, saza sanikezelwa kiKoloni yaseKapa kwakuloo mnyaka mnye. Esi sakhiwo sesinye semingcelele yezakhiwo ezi lolu hlobo ezathi zakhiwa ''yiBritane, eziquka iFort Murray, iFort White, iFort Cox, iFort Hare kunye neFort Beaufort,'' kwingingqi eyayizinze umkhosi neyathi yabizwa ngokuba yiBritish Kaffraria. Kwathi ngokuya kusakhiwa iziko elukunxweme bafika abavukeli beenzalelwane zale ngingqi, sele bequka nabavukeli baseJamani, uninzi lwabo ingamasoka. ngabo kaloku abafika bafaka amagama esiJamani kwinxalenye yeedolophu kule ngingqi yaseMonti amagama afana neCumakala kunye neBerlin. Unanamhla oku, iifani zamaJamani ezifana noo- Gehring, Salzwedel kunye noo-Peinke zisaxhaphakile eMonti, kodwa zona iinzalelwane zabavukeli zakhawuleza zatshintsha zaphila ubuNgesi. Indawo eyakhelwa umkhosi ngakunxweme ekhoyo kungoku nje, kanye kumlomo womlambo iBuffalo, othungela kulwandle lwaseIndiya, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1870. Ngo-1872, ikoloni yaseKapa, phantsi kweNkulumbusoyokuqala uJohn Molteno, wathi wawongwa ngesidanga sokuzimela geqe yiBritani. Lo rhulumente mtsha wathi wamanya indawo ezintathu zaseMonti ezazingabamelwane, iMonti, impuma yeMonti kunye nePanmure ngo-1873, zatsho zenza lo Masipala simbonayo ngoku, kwaye ngo-1876 yaqala yaba sisakhiwo kwingingqi yeendlela zikaloliwe, yaqala kunxweme lomlambo. Ngaxesha nye, yaqala yakha isakhiwo sesitishi seenqanawa nezikhephe. Esi sakhiwo sitsha saxesha ukwanda kwesi sixeko, satsho ngesixeko saseMonti, isixeko sanamhlanje esimbeje-mbeje nesiqaqambileyo. <ref>Burman, Jose (1984). ''Early Railways at the Cape''. Cape Town. Human & Rousseau, p.81. ISBN 0-7981-1760-5</ref><ref>Bond J.: ''They were South Africans''. London: Oxford University Press. 1956. Chapter 19, ''The Makers of Railways: John Molteno''. p.170.</ref> Ibhlorho elihlobo olulodwa ezibhlorho ezimbini ezibelekeneyo phezu komlambo iBuffalo yaaqgitywa ukwakhiwa ngo-1935 kwaye unanamhla oku, ikukuphela kwebhlorho elolu hlobo kuMzantsi afrika uphela. Ezona ndawo zimtsalane ngempucuko zibandakanya i ziko lemiboniso yezilwanyana nezinto zemveli eMonti ekulikhaya leecoelacanth, intlanzi yembali zamandulo, ekucingwa ukuba azisekho, zifumaneka ngqo eChalumna Mouth kufuphi naseMonti zifunyanwa ngabalobi ngo-1938, kunye nenqwaba yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo nekuyeyesikhumbuzo. Esi sixeko saziwa njengendawo yokuloba, kunjalo nje iindawo zokonwaba nekudadwa kuzo ziyinxalenye yeendawo ezakhe zantle apha kweli lizwe. == '''UbuRhulumente nezoPolitiko''' == Ngo-1961, imimandla exhake iMonti yaamiselwa njengamaphandle abantu abamnyama kwabaseCiskei ngaseNtshona kwaza kwas eTranskei ngaseMpuma. Yazibona iMonti sele irhangqiwe macala onke ngaphandle kwaseMantla yaza yenza loo nto ukuba ingabinakuzinza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lengcinezelo. Umhleli wephepha-ndaba laloo ngingqi, i''Daily Dispatch'', yayinguDonald Woods, owaphalaza imbali yokugetyengwa kuka'''[[Steve Biko]]''', itshantlizyo lenkokheli yomanyano lwamaAfrika nombhali wencwadi esihloko sayo sithi ''I Write What I Like'', egetyengwa ekwizandla zamapolisa okhuselo lwaseMzantsi Afrika eBhayi, kweyomMsintsi ngo-1977. Ibali likaDonald Woods lashicilelwa kumboniso bhanya-bhanya weHollywood othi ''Cry Freedom''. Sithetha nje nanko umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBiko uthe ngcu unomtsalane ngaphandle kweholokazi lesixeko saseMonti. Ixesha lokukwaywa koMzantsi Afrika lihlabathi olwathi lwalandela ngeminyaka yoo-1980s lwalwenzakalisa uqoqosho lwesitishi seenqanawa saseMonti. Uqoqosho olumandla lwakutsha nje kuleminyaka imbalwa igqithileyo, lusenziwa ngamaqumrhu afana noo-Daimler Chrysler, yaza loo nto yangunozala wokuphuhliswa nokukhuliswa nokuphuculwa kwesi sitishi seenqanawa kuquka nesemoto entsha. Ngo-2000, iMonti yaba yinxalenye yeBuffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, umdibaniso wedolophu yaseQonce, [[iBhisho|i'''Bhisho''']] kunye noMdantsane kwaye inesihlalo kwi-Metro. == '''Uqoqosho''' == [[File:East London Airport, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Isikhululo seenqwelo-ntaka zaseMonti]] iMonti iliziko loshishino lwesibini ukubalikhulu kweli Phondo. Ushishino lweemoto lungoyena mqeshi ukhonyayo. esona sityalo seDaimler sithe ngcu ecaleni kwesitishi seenqanawa, apho kwenziwa khona i[[Mercedes-Benz]] nezinye iinqwelo-mafutha ezenzelwa ukuthengiswa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, nokuthunyelwa e[[United States|Melika]] naseiBrazil. Aanye amashishini aquka impahla yokunxiba, iindwangu, amachiza, nokwenziwa kokutya. Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kude kuye kutsho kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, urhulumente weingcinezelo nocalu-calulo waloba ngokuveza irhafu ehamba nomvuzo ngeenjongo zokutsala oosomashishini kwinto eyayibizwa ngokuba ngoko ng[['amazwe abantu abamnyama abazimeleyo', kuquka elikufutshane iCiskei. Lwatsho lwavela macala uqoqosho kumazwe aye engomakhelwane afana neFort Jackson kunye naseDimbaza, lushiya iMonti iyodwa ngokufanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yombutho olwel yangelo xesha ayizange ibenakho ukwenza nto malunga nenkqubela ekwenzeni ubuhlobo obububo kwezemesebenzi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kwezothutho kwaya kusiba kubi ngakumbi zaza neenzame eziyimisebenzi yawa phantis. Ukukhuthaza ukonga eMonti, indawo yokuphuhlisa ushishino eMonti ''East London Industrial Development Zone'' (IDZ) yathi yafunyanwa eWest Bank ngo-2004, kufutshane nedolophu nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. umhlaba ongangama-1500ha waveliswa, kwaye isiza sesinye samaziko ophuhliso amane emzantsi afrika. Ezothutho eMonti zixhumana nazo zonke ezinye iindawo eMzantsi afrika. Umgaqo okumphakamo iN2 uxhumana neendlela ezinqumla kwesi sixeko zisiya e[[iKapa|kapa]] neziya e[[Thekwini|Thekwini]], ube okumphakamo weN6 udibana neMonti ngendlela eya kwisixeko sase[[iBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseMonti, esili-10&nbsp;leekhilomitha ukusuka phakathi naphakathi kwisixeko saseMonti, luneenqwelo-moya ezihamba mihla le zisiya kuzo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. == Ezemidlalo== [[iQakambha]] ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu apha eMonti. Icala leQakambha elingumdibaniso webhoda/neQakambha yephondo leMpuma Koloni laziwa ngokuba yiWarriors lilo elithabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwephondo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Owayesakuba yi-Proteas wicketkeeper uMark Boucher nekungoku nje ubambe iingxelo zovavanyo kumatyeli amaninzi ngokuchithwa yi-wicketkeeper ngokwesiphakamiso saseMonti. KwiStadium saseesikwipaki yase-Buffalo eMonti saasingatha umdlalo ngokhuphiswano lweICC indebe yeQakambha kwihlabathi ngo-2003 nakwimidlalo emibini ka2009 ye-League [[Indian Premier League|i-Indian Premier League.]] <!-- The Buffalo Road Running Club of East London has created two established events that have gained international recognition. They are the Old Mutual Buffalo 42,2&nbsp;km marathon, which is held in February/March each year, and South Africa's oldest 160&nbsp;km extreme ultra marathon, the Washie, over a picturesque and undulating coastal route from Port Alfred to the city.--> Eminye imidlalo ebanjwayo apha iquka [[amanqindi]], imountain biking, iskydiving, aeyeembaleki, umdyarho wamahashe nemmidlalo emininzi yamanzi efana nesurfing, ukuqubha, iscuba diving, ukuloba, ukudada ngesikhephe, kunye newindsurfing. ==Utyelelo == [[File:East london beach1.jpg|thumb|Ulwandle lwaseMonti]] Iindawo zokutyelela ziquka: iYellowsands, iGlen Eden, iGqunube, iQueensbury Bay, [[iCintsa]] eNtshona naseMpuma Cintsa. == Iindawo ezinomtsalane == #Umzi wezilwanyana eMonti #Umzi waseMonti onezinto zembali nezinto ezonwabisayo #Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve #uMpongo Private Game Reserve #iYellow Sands Caravan Park == Iziphaluka nemozulu == {{climate chart |East London |18 |26 |69 |19 |26 |92 |18 |25 |105 |15 |24 |83 |13 |23 |52 |11 |21 |40 |10 |21 |47 |11 |21 |78 |12 |21 |80 |14 |22 |102 |16 |23 |110 |17 |25 |63 |float = right |clear = right |source = SAWS }} iMonti linemozulu eshushu (Köppen ''Cfa/Cfb''), iqondo layo lifudumele njengakunxweme lwaseMonti. Nangona kungekho xesha lanyaka lunembalela apha, kubakho ukoma ebusika, kutsho kubekho intwasahlobo ne..... <!-- O DEAR! NEEDS TRANSLATION.............. there is a drying trend in the winter, with the wettest times of year being "spring" and "autumn". There is also a shorter and lesser dry period in December and January. The all-time record low is 3 C, and the all-time record high is 42 C. The hottest temperatures have been recorded in springtime, rather than the summer months. Temperatures above 38 C have only been recorded early in the season, from August to December. Although temperatures have never dropped below freezing since records began, East London has recorded snowfall in 1985 and 1989.<ref name="East London Historical Weather Records">{{cite web |url = http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/East_London/688580.htm |title = East London Historical Weather Records |accessdate = 25 February 2012 |publisher=TuTiempo.net}}</ref>...............--> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Izixeko zasemZantsi Afrika]] svuaro9txiavie0htd7ehvmwfebpql6 0 4214 40684 31561 2026-06-12T07:18:16Z Cokotho 16123 I have linked the word amanzi to another page (amanzi amdaka) 40684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:22 Regen ubt.jpeg|thumb|Imvula iyana]] '''Imvula ''' ngamaqabaza [[Amanzi amdaka|amanzi]] ehla evela [[emafini]] [[isibhakabhaka|asesibhakabhakeni]] angaphezu kwe-0.5 [[millimetre|mm]] ubukhulu bawo. amaqabaza amanzi amalungane-0.2mm ukuya kwi-0.45mm ubukhulu kuthiwa zii[[drizzle]]. Imvula luhlobo lokuphefumla Rain is a kind of [[precipitation]]. Precipitation is any kind of water that falls from clouds in the sky, like rain, [[hail]], [[sleet]] and [[snow]]. It is measured by a [[rain gauge]]. Rain is part of the [[water cycle]]. A '''rainstorm''' is a sudden heavy fall of rain. It may cause [[flash flood]]s in valleys. Heavy rain for a long time may make [[flood]]s on [[floodplain]]s. Rivers overflowing can destroy houses and drown people. Also, [[landslide]]s may happen. == Ukwenzeka kwemvula == When the [[Sun]] heats the ground surface, the ground heats the air. This air rises and cools. When it cools to the [[dew point]], clouds form and rain follows. This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and [[thunderstorm]]s. == imvula ekhwazwa zintaba == '''Relief rain''' usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of [[hill]]s runs along the [[coast]]. When wet [[onshore wind]] from the sea meets a [[mountain]], [[hill]] or any other sort of [[barrier]], it is forced to rise along the [[slope]] and cools. When the air temperature falls to its dew point, water vapour condenses to form clouds. When the clouds can no longer hold the water droplets, relief rain begins to fall on the [[windward slope]] of the mountain. On the [[leeward slope]], air sinks, it is warmed and further dried by [[compression]]. Therefore, the leeward slope is known as [[rain shadow]]. Moist winds blow in from the sea and are forced to rise over the land. The air cools and the water vapour condenses, forming rain drops. Relief rain is also a very dense and cold mixture of precipitation. Relief or orographic rain is formed when air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. As it rises it cools, condenses and forms rain. The highest annual rainfall totals occur in mountain areas. There is often a rain shadow effect whereby the leeward (downwind) slope receives a relatively small amount of rain. == Frontal rain/Cyclonic rain == '''Frontal rain''' happens when a [[cold front]] meets a [[warm front]]. The less dense warm air rises and condenses forming clouds. These clouds grow and eventually create rain. In some places on the northern [[temperate zone]] the cold air front tends to come from the north west and the warm air front comes from the south west. [[Category:Masiguqule]] [[Category:Amanzi]] cblrw7kduemuk050cmhwyjhawn1uody 0 4231 40815 34031 2026-06-12T09:22:31Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umqombothi en ukhamba, cerveza tradicional sudafricana 01.jpg|thumb|right|UMqombothi usebenza kwisikhumba se-ukhamba, se-zulu seKapa, eMzantsi Afrika.]] * '''''Umqombothi''' i''si<small>Xhosa libizwa ngolu hlobo:&nbsp;</small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[um̩k͡ǃomboːtʰi]</span>, igama elithi mqombothi livela [[IsiXhosa|kulwimi lwesiXhosa]], ngokwesilungu singathi y-bee[[Ubhiya|r]] eyenziwe ngombona (ukhozo), umgubo wombona, umgubo wamazimba, igwele namanzi. Xa ixhaphakile e[[UMzantsi Afrika|mZantsi Afrika]], ibano-Vitamin B omninzi kakhulu. Umqombothi unezinga le-alcohol eliphantsi kakhulu (lidla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-3%) kwaye yaziwa ngokuba sisitshoqolo ukubamuncu. Ngokwembonakalo, obu tywala bububisirha kwaye bubalubhelu ngombala. Bunento ubujiya, buntubululu (obuvela emboneni). * Umqombothi iphantsi ngexabiso kunotywala besilungu, obubiliswe ngenkoduso buze buhonjiswe ngeentyatyambo zee-hops. == '''Indlela yokwenza umqombothi ngokwesintu''' == [[File:Umqombothi in Langa.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi (Langa)]] * Umqombothi ubiliswe ngokwesithethe sakwantu, kwaye oku kubanomahlukwana omncinci ngokweengingqi. Indlela zokuwenza nezinto ezixutywayo xa usenziwa zigqithiselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngokwesintu, obu tywala buphekwa emlilweni obaswe phaya phandle.   Buyakuthi ke emva koko bupholiswe kusehliswa nje ubushushu buse phaya ngaphandle.  * Izinto ezixutywayo ke xa busenziwa zezi: umlinganiselo wombona, umbona ograyiweyo (umgubo wombona) kunye nomgubo wenkoduso. Umgubo wombona inika umbala omthubi utsho ubenelagrangqa levumba lotywala. Inkoduso yona inwutsho umqombothi ubemdaka ngebala.  * Lo mdibaniso wotywala uxutyelwa kwimbiza ye-cast-iron, eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-potjie emZantsi Afrika. Kugalelwa umlinganiselo wezitya zamanzi ezine. Lo mxube uyekwa ubusuku bonke. Buyakuqalisa ke ukubila kubonakale kulephuza amagwebu. Kuyakuvakala ivumba elimuncu.  * Intwana yentsipho iyasuswa zibekwe bucala.  Intlama eshiyekileyo iyaphekwa de ubesisidudu.  Le ntlama ke ibizwa ngokuba  sisidudu esityiwayo. Xa kusenziwa umqombothi, siyayekwa isidudu usuku lonke siphole. * Emva kokuba sele sipholile,  siphokozelwa emphandeni. Inkoduso esiliweyo okanye egutyiweyo ebibekelwe bucala kuvutyelwa ngayo kwakulo mphanda. Esi sidudu ke ngoku izakuzanyiswa ngephini. Emva koko umphanda wotywala (uvalwa ngesiciko sawo, uze emva koko wombathiswe ujikelezwa ngengubo ngaphezu kweso siciko (ukugcina ubushushu). Umphanda uyakubekwa kwindawo eshushu ubusuku bonke, ukuze bukhawuleze bubile.  * Indlela yemveli yokubona okokuba ingaba butsalile na obu tywala, kukuqhwitha ngomatshisi kufutshane nomphanda lowo uphethe utywala. Ukuba umlilo wematshisi uphephetheka msinya, oko kuthetha okokuba utywala bulungile. Ukuba umlilo wematshisi umi ndawonye awuphephetheki, oko kuthetha okokuba abukalungi utywala. Loo nto yenziwa kukuba le ntlama ibilayo ikhupha i-carbon dioxide eninzi, engakuvumeliyo ukuvutha kwematshisi.  * Xa sele bulungile utywala, buyahluzwa ngesihluzo, ukuze kususwe iinkozo ezingenzkuseleka ekuthiwa ziintsipho. Intsalela esemazantsi embiza yesidudu kuthiwa yintshela. Intshela nayo ifakwa kwalapha kwesi sihluzo sotywala, ukuze ize nelinye ivumba.  Iintsipho ziyakhanywa ze zisasazwe ebaleni ukuze zityiwe ng[[Inkuku|amantsontsho eenkukhu]]. Ugwebu lomqombothi kwenziwa ngalo umbulelo kwizinyanya.  Xa sele buhluziwe obu tywala,  bugalela kwigongqo elikhulu elaziwa ngokuba ligogogo. xa sebugalelwe apho ke ngoku, bulengele ukuba buselwe zizihlobo nosapho.  Xa zifika iindwendwe kweli khaya kusilwe kulo, zize kungcamla kobu tywala nazo zizekuzonwabisa, ngokwesiko ziza nebhotile yebrandi, ukubonisa owabo umbuleleo.  == '''ukusetyenziswa komqombothi kumasiko akwaNtu.'''  == Umqombothi usetyenziswa kwitheko lokwamkela amadodana aziwa ngokuba ngabakwetha kwisiko lesiXhosa, emva kokuba sele ethe oluswa ngokusesikweni.  Obu tywala budlala indima enkulu xa umntu ezama ukuxhumana nezinyanya azakowabo, bukwadlala indima enkulu kwintlalo yakwaNtu, kangangokuba busoloko busetyenziswa kwimitshato yesiNtu, kwimingcwabo, nakwiimbizos (iindibano zesintu.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Murray|first1=Slater|title=Umqombothi: Africas original beer|url=http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|publisher=Beerhouse|accessdate=7 April 2016|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602034304/http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == '''Okuqatshelwayo ngokwempilo''' == Uphando lwakutsha nje<ref><cite class="citation journal">Odhav, B.; Naicker, V. (2002). </cite></ref> lifumanise ukuba amazimba nombona zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni umqombothi,  zisoloko zinechaphaza leentlobo ze-fungi oluyi-mold engunozala wemycotoxin eyi-Aspergillus'' spp., ''i-Penicillium'' spp., i-''Rhizopus'' spp. kunye ne-''Mucor'' spp. '' Nangona utywala osele benziwe bagqitywa bungenachaphaza la fungi;  i- 33% yamazimba otywala obuthengiswayo ane-  aflatoxins ne-45% yotywala obusilwe ekhaya bune-zearalenone kunye ne/okanye i-ochratoxin A kwimveliso yokugqibela.  Kwiphondo laseMpuma Koloni emZantsi Afrika izinga lomhlaza womqala <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livewire.co.za/features/tcancer.html |title=@Livewire - Throat Cancer |accessdate=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222201452/http://www.livewire.co.za/features/tcancer.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> liphakame kakhulu. Uphando olwenziwe libhunga lezempilo kweli lomZantsi Afrika lifumanise okokuba ii-mycotoxins kumbona otyalwe emakhaya ziinxulumene nezinga eliphezulu lesifo somhlaza.  == '''Kumasiko aziwayo''' == Eli gama lotywala siyaliva kwingoma ka[[UYvonne Chaka Chaka|Yvonne Chaka Chaka]]. Izicengcelezo zale ngoma zibubiza ngokuba y"i-magic African beer." Le ngoma yakala kumsitho wokuvula  ''i-Hotela yaseRwanda''. == Jonga nalapha == * I-Burukutu, i-Chibuku kunye ne-Munkoyo okanye 'Ibwatu' eZambia. == Kufundwe la maphepha  == {{Reflist}} b7euea6f3f35dtq50s2z7blj6p8sqg5 0 4261 40682 31047 2026-06-12T07:16:11Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Inzululwazi]]''' (Ngolwimi lwesi[[isiLatini|Latini]] kuthiwa yi''scientia'', oko kuthetha ukuthi "[[Ulwazi]]"<ref name=OnlineEtDict>{{cite web|title=science|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=science&allowed_in_frame=0|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|accessdate=2014-09-20}}</ref>) yinkqubo eyenziwa ngezicwangciso, ngeendlela ezamkelekileyo nangemiqathango yophando kwinzululwazi ngendlela eya kwenza ukuba kubelula ukuba luvavanywe kunjalo nje luphicothwe, kutsho kubelula ukwenza uqikelelo ngeziphumo zophando olwenziwa kweli [[phakade]]. Yonke ke le miqathango yophando kufuneka ilandelwe ngenyameko xa kuqokolelwa ulwazi olu loluhlobo. <ref name=wilson>{{cite book |last1 = Wilson |first1 = Edward O. |title = Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge |edition=1st |publisher = Vintage Books |location = New York, NY |year = 1998 |isbn = 0-679-45077-7 |pages=49–71}}</ref><ref name="Heilbron">"...&nbsp;modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. Kwafunyaniswa okokuba indalo jikelele iziphinda-phinda ngokwaneleyo, ngokokude ibonakale okokuba isenokuchazwa icalu-calulwe ngokwemithetho echaziweyo nditsho naziingcali ze[[iMathematics|Mathematics]]; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions."&nbsp;—p.vii, [[J. L. Heilbron]], (2003, editor-in-chief). ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511229-6.</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |title=science |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |accessdate=2011-10-16 |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]], Inc |quote='''3 a:''' knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method '''b:''' such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena }} <!--{{sfn|Popper|2002|p=3}}--></ref> Kwintsingiselo yakudla nekuyeyona ibusondela kule, inzululwazi ikwabhekisa kuhlobo lolwazi olunokugocwa-gocwa ngemibuzo ze ke ngoko lube lwakheke phezu kwezizathu ezivakalayo nezinokuthi zichazwe ngokwamanqaku avakalayo ze ke ngoko lube lulwazi ekunokungqiyanywa kulo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwalo ingakumbi xa lusetyenziswa. Lowo usebenza ngobunzululwazi kuthiwa y[[ingcali yezophando]]. [[Kwisigaba sexesha elide]], inzululwazi njengohlobo lolwazi yayisondele kakhulu ngonxibelelwano kw[[iFilosofi]]. [[File:The Scientific Universe.png|thumb|280px|Imigama kwimephu yehlabathi jikelele ebonisa amasebe ezenzululwazi.]] '''Inzululwazi''' yile nto siyenzayo xa sifuna ukufunda ngokwenzeka kwindalo yehlabathi. Iy[[iphysics]], [[IKhemistri|ikhemistri]], [[IBayoloji|ibhayoloji]], [[igeology|ijiyoloji]] kunye ne-[[i-astronomy|astronomy]]. Kwinzululwazi kusetyenziswa i[[mathematics]], kwaye into okanye isenzeko [[sifundwa ngobunjalo bayo, sijongiwe, size sihliwe amahlongwane phezulu, sigocwagocwa]], ize emva koko loo nto kuphandwa ngayo ikhe [[ilingwe ngeenjongo zokujonga okokuba oko kulindeleke kuyo kuzakwenzeka na]]. Inzululwazi ikhupha [[ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolungenamakhwiniba]], imithetho yakwanzululwazi, kunye ne[[theori]] <ref name=wilson>Wilson, Edward O. 1998. Consilience: the unity of knowledge. New York: Vintage Books, 49–71. ISBN 0-679-45077-7</ref><ref>Heilbron J.L. 2003. ''The Oxford companion to the history of modern science''. New York: Oxford University Press, vii. ISBN 0-19-511229-6. <br />"...&nbsp;modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by [[mathematics]]; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions".</ref> 'inzululwazi' ikwabhekisa kulwazi oluninzi yolwazi oluthe lwafunyanwa ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/science |quote= knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method... |publisher=Merriam-Webster |title=Online dictionary |accessdate=2009-05-22}}</ref><ref name="Popper">{{cite book |last=Popper |first=Karl |authorlink=Karl Popper |title=The Logic of Scientific Discovery |origyear=1959 |edition=2nd English edition |year=2002 |publisher=Routledge Classics |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-415-27844-9 |oclc=59377149 |page=3}}</ref> [[scientific research|Uphando lobunzululwazi]] lusebenzisa [[iindlela zophando zakwanzululwazi]]. uphando lobunzululwazi lusebenzisa [[isiphakamiso (hypotheses)]] esisekwe phezu kwezimvo okanye phezu kolwazi osele lukho kakade. Ngoko ke ezi ziphakamiso ziyaphicothwa ngokuvavanywa ngokuthi kwenziwe amalinge. Bonke abantu abafunda bekwaphanda ngeenzame zokufumanisa yonke into ngobunzululwazi babizwa ngokuba [[ziingcali zabaphandi]]. Ezi ngcali zi[[funda]] izinto ngokuthi [[jonga|zijonge]] kwizinto ezifunda ngazo ngononophelo, ngokuthi zenze [[umlinganiselo|umlinganiselo okanye zimente]] ezi zinto, zize zenze le [[imisebenzi yokulinga|misebenzi apho ziza kukhe zilinge khona]] ze ziphinde [[uvavanyo|zikuvavanye]] konke oko. ezi ngcali zenza zonke iinzame ukuze [[chaza|zichaze]] okokuba kutheni na izinto [[zisenzeka]] ngale ngendlela ezenzeka ngayo, zize ziqikelele okuzakwenzeka. == [[Iindlela zokwenza uphando lobunzulwazi]] == Namhlanje, "inzululwazi" isoloko ibhekisa kwiindlela zokufumana ulwazi, ingekuko ukufumana uqobo lolwazi kuphela. Ijongene kuphela [[okwenzekayo kwizinto zendalo|nokwenzekayo kwizinto]] ehlabathini. <ref>Oxford English Dictionary</ref> kwinkulungwane yeminyaka ye-17 neye-18 iingcali kwezenzululwazi bathi gqolo ukuseka ukwakhiwa kolwazi ngokwe "[[mithetho yakwanzululwazi|mithetho yendalo]]" enjenge[[iNewton's laws of motion|Newton's laws of motion]]. Kwaza kwathi xa sele kudlule inkulungwane ye-19, igama elithi "Nzululwazi" liya linxulunyaniswa ngakumbi ne[[ndlela yokuphanda ngokobunzululwazi]], njengendlela yokufunda indalo esemhlabeni, kuquka i[[physics]], ikhemistri, [[igeology]] kunye ne[[IBayoloji|bhayoloji]]. Kuwakule nkulungwane ye19 apho eli gama lithi "[[umphandi wakwanzululwazi]]" lathi lathiywa ngu[[William Whewell]]. Injongo yakhe yayikukwahlula abo balangazelela ukwazi ngendalo kwabo bafuna olunye uhlobo lolwazi. <ref>The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the origin of the word "scientist" to 1834.</ref> [[Scientific methods|Iindlela zophando]] is the name given to the methods used by scientists to find knowledge. Ezona [[wikt:uphawu|mpawu]] zibalulekileyo kwindlela yophando nazi: #Umphandi wakwanzululwazi uza nombuzo okanye abhaqe ingxaki engaba imalunga nendalo. ezinye ke ingxaki ziba lula, nank'umzekelo "mingaphi imilenze yempukane?" ukanti ke eminye imibuzo okanye iingxaki zibanzulu kakhulu, nank'umzekelo, "kutheni le nto izinto zisiwa phantsi emhlabeni?" #Olandelayo, esakube eyifumene igxaki, umphandi wakwanzululwazi uyikhangela ayiphicothe ngobunono ingxaki leyo. Bayisebenze ke beyiphicotha, baqokelele bonke ubungqina obunokuza nobunyani. Ngamanye amaxesha inye kuphela into ekufuneka eyenzile lo mohandi kukufunda le ngxaki ngononophelo olungummangaliso. #Kukho imibuzo engenakuphendulwa ngokungqalileyo. kulapho ke abaphandi bathi beze namava abo ngokuthi bacebise, baze ke oko bakucebisileyo bakuvavanye ukuba kuyinyaniso kusini na. Kukwalapho ke benza[[i-experiments|ulingo]] baze baqokelele [[idata|ulwazi]]. #Ngelingeni, bayakuqikelela oko bacinga okokuba kuyimpendulo echanekileyo okanye elungileyo kwimibuzo nakwiingxaki ebebenazo phambi kophando. Emva koko ke bayakuxelela abantu ngophando nangeziphumo zophando abalwenzileyo. #Kamva, abanye abaphandi bakwanzululwazi basenokuvumelana okanye bangavumelani. Banakho ukuza nesinye isisombululo kuloo ngxaki ibekiweyo. Basenokuzibeka esikalini ngokukhe bazilinge ezi zisombululo beza nazo ngeenjongo zokuzivavanya. Nantoni na kwinzululwazi kufuneka iphicothwe xa kufunyaniswe okokuba isisombululo ebekuziwe naso kwixesha elidlulileyo asonelisi ngokupheleleyo. == Ezinye iimpawu zenzululwazi == akusibabo bonke abantu abavumelana nendlela esebenza ngayo inzululwazi. Ezinye iingcali zakwa [[ingcali yakwaFilosofi|Filosofi]] kunye nabaphandi okanye iingcali zakwanzululwazi zithi [[theories|ulwazi oluthethwayo ngobunzululwazi]] lwamkelekile okwexeshana. Luthi ze lugcinwe kube kanti lunenkcazelo egqibeleleyo nenambithekayo ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwayo. Xa ke le ntehto ichazayo ngenzululwazi ingenasisekelo, iyashenxiswa kuze kubekwe enye endaweni yayo. Okanye, ngamanye amaxesha iingcali zakwanzululwazi zihlala phantsi ziyixovule ziyihlaziya endaweni yokuyishenxisa. Mhlawumbi ke ziqhubele phambili ngokuyisebenzisa ngethemba lokuba iyakubangcono ngokuya kuhamba ixesha isetyenziswa. Inzululwazi yindlela yokufumana [[ulwazi]] ngoku shenxisa into engeyonyaniso. Iingcali kufuneka ziqaphele ngokukodwa xa zinika ingcaciso engqamene naloo nto bayi[[Observation|funde beyijonge ngamehlo]] baza [[measure|benza nomlinganiselo wayo]]. Baya[[ukhuphiswano|khuphisana]] ingulowo nalowo ufuna ukuza nenkcazo engcono. Ingcaciso isenokuba yenika [[wikt:interesting|umdla]] okanye yeyo[[wikt:pleasing|nelisayo]], kodwa ukuba [[ayingqinelani]] noko kubonwa [[measure|nokusele kulinganiswe]] zezinye iingcali, ziyakusuke zizame ukuba zifumane enye inkcazelo engcono Phambi kokuba ibe linokupapashwa iphepha lobunzululwazi, iingcali ziqala zilifunde kuqala, zize zijonge okokuba ingaba le nkcazelo enikwe kweli phepha iyangqinelana na nale ifumaneka kuloo nto kuthethwa ngayo. sitsho sithethe nge[[peer review|ngokuphicothwa kwephepha lusapho lwakwanzululwazi okanye zezinye iingcali]]. Emva kokuba epapashiwe amaphepha, kuyakubakho ezinye kwakhona iingcali eziya kujongisisa okokuba kusetyenziswe kwa ezi ndlela zovavanyo kusini na, kukwaphicothwe kwangendlela efanayo xa bekuphandwa, okanye kwenziwe uvavanyo olukwafana noluya, ngeenjongo zokubona okokuba ingaba iziphumo zizakufana kusini na. [[Peer review|kuphicothwa kwephepha lusapho lwakwanzululwazi okanye zezinye iingcali]]] kunye no[[:wikt:repeating|phinda-phindo]] [[experiments|lwezifundo okanye amalinge okufunda into]] akukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ubunyani nokuchaneka obukulwazi oluare the only way to be sure the [[knowledge]] is [[wikt:correct|nokuchaneka correct]] [[knowledge|kolwazi]] oluphandiweyo. Inzululwazi yenza [[models of nature|imizekelo efumaneka kwindalo]], [[models of our universe}imizekelo efumaneka kweli hlabathi]], kunye n[[amachiza]]. Zininzi ke iintlobo-ntlobo ezifumaneka kwanzululwazi, kunjalo nje zinamagama azo. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuthi "inzululwazi ithi" nayiphi na into. Inzululwazi yinkqubo, akuyo[[fact(s)|nyaniso okanye ingqokolela yenyaniso]] nje kuphela, kungeyo[[rules|mithetho]] ekukholelwa kuyo ngaxesha nye. == Ezinye iintlobo zenzululwazi == * [[Natural science|Ezendalo]] :*[[IBayoloji|inzululwazi ngezilwanyana nezityalo]] ::*[[Zoology|inzululwazi ngezilwanyana kuphela]] ::*[[Botany| inzululwazi ngezityalo kuphela]] ::*[[Genetics|iGenetics/inzululwazi ngofuzo]] ::*[[Ecology|i-Ecology]] ::*[[Physiology|Physiology]] :* [[Astronomy]] :* [[Earth science]] ::* [[Meteorology]] ::* [[Geology]] ::* [[Oceanography]] | valign=top | * [[Physical science|Physical sciences]] :* [[Physics]] :* [[IKhemistri]] * [[Social sciences]] :* [[Anthropology]] :* [[Psychology]] :* [[Sociology]] * Formal and [[applied science]]s :* [[Computer science]] :* [[Engineering]] :* [[Mathematics]] :* [[Statistics]] :* [[Medicine]] ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Inzululwazi| ]] ewtm63wkdib6uaupgr4rynlugkm8fe9 0 4301 40733 40146 2026-06-12T08:05:56Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 added a reference 40733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UBrenda Nokuzola Fassie''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brenda Nokuzola Fassie|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/brenda-nokuzola-fassie|accessdate=25 September 2014|publisher=[[South African History Online]]}}</ref> 3 EyeNkanga 1964 – 9 Cabzibe 2004) <ref name="allmusicbio">{{Cite web|last=Wade|first=Kergan|title=Brenda Fassie: Biography|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p21870|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=20 August 2007|website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> wayengumculi waseMzantsi Afrika, umbhali weengoma, umdanisi kunye nomlweli wenkululeko. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Wyatt|first=Hugh|date=29 November 1990|title=Anger at Injustice Fuels Brenda Fassie's Music|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/11/29/anger-at-injustice-fuels-brenda-fassies-music/|access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref> Ebizwa ngothando ngokuba '''nguMaBrrr''' ngabalandeli bakhe, uyakwabizwa ngokuba ngu "Kumkanikazi we-African Pop" okanye "uMadonna weeLokishi". UFassie wayengumntu odumileyo kumculo waseMzantsi Afrika, ehlonitshwa ngelizwi lakhe elinamandla, ukubakho kwakhe eqongeni kubanomtsalane, kunye nokuzinikela kubulungisa bentlalo, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngomnye wabaculi abanempembelelo kakhulu nababalaseleyo kwiLizwekazi laseAfrika. Nangona wayekho eqongeni ngendlela engaqhelekanga neyimpikiswano, igama lakhe, uNokuzola, lithetha "ukuthula", "ukuzola", okanye "uxolo". Brenda Fassie's Biology<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-10|title=Brenda Fassie Biography - Naija Bio World|url=https://naijabioworld.com.ng/brenda-fassie-biography/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]] 2jbyp4iw6yr8o6jlfwt7dobc4v2d619 0 4328 40816 37627 2026-06-12T09:24:57Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yvonne_Ntombizodwa_Chaka_Chaka_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg|thumb|UYvonne Chaka Chaka, 2012.]] '''''UYvonne Chaka Chaka''''' (wazalwa engu'''Yvonne Machaka''' ngo1965) yimvumi yas[[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Edume ngokuba y"[[inkosazana yaseMzantsi Afrika]]", uChaka Chaka ubesoloko ehamba phambili njengomculi waseMzantsi Afrika odumileyo kwisithuba seminyaka engama shumi anambili 20 years. Iingoma ezifana noo"I'm Burning Up", "thank you mister dj", "I Cry for Freedom", "Makoti", "Motherland" kunye naleyo yayisaziwa ikwathandwa kakhulu "[[Umqombothi (ingoma)|Umqombothi]]" ("Utywala besiNtu") yaluqinisekisa udumo lukaYvonne. Le ngoma ithi "Umqombothi" yadlalwa kwisiqendu sokuvula umdlalo wango2004 othi[[Hotel Rwanda]]. =='''Imbali ngobomi bakhe'''== * '''UChaka Chaka wazalelwa [[eDobsonville|eDobs]]'''[[eDobsonville|onville]] e[[Soweto]]. Waba ngumntwana wesibini ukuvela kumabonakude waseMzantsi Afrka. Ngo1981 "uSugar Shack", owayengumboniso wokuchonga abantu abaneziphiwo nezakhono,wamazisa kuluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika ngokubanzi. * UChaka Chaka waqala ukucula ene-19 ngo-1985 xa uPhil Hollis wabashicileli bakwaDephon wathi wambhaqa e [[Goli]]. Ngokufutshane emva koko, icwecwe lakhe lodumo elithi "I’m in Love With a DJ", lakhupha amacwecwe angama-35,000 awathi athengiswa, yaza ke itayitile yale ngoma yaduma izwe lonke. * Ngesaquphe iingoma ezifana no"I'm Burning Up", "I Cry for Freedom", "Sangoma","Motherland" kunye nengoma yakhe yodumo ethi, "[[Umqombothi (ingoma)|Umqombothi]]" zawuqinisekisa umgangatho kaChaka Chaka njengencutshe kumboniso womculo waseMzantsi Afrika ong[[umbhanga]]. * Ukhule nzima ke uChaka Chaka. Uyise wasutywa kukufa xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 wabe yena unina, owayeng [[umsebenzi wasemakhitshini]], ekwakhulisa iintombi zakhe ezintathu ngentwana yomvuzo wama-40[[irandi yaseMzantsi Afrika|eeRand]] ngenyanga. * Uneediploma ezimbini azifumene kw[[iDyunivesithi yomMzantsi Afrika]], enye uyifumene kwiMfundo yabadala, enye wayifumana kkuburhulumente bengingqi, kulawulo management nemsebenzi. Ufunde nendlela yokuthetha kwiqonga lemidlalo kw[[ikholeji yaseTrinity, eLondon]], waza wasifumana isiqinisekiso ngo1997. * Ekhupha amacwecwe ancamisa umxhelo, elinye emva kwelinye, imbasa eyalandela le mpumelelo yamacwecwe akhe iquka iingoma ezifana noo"Burning Up", i"Sangoma", "Who’s The Boss", "Motherland", " Be Proud to be African", "Thank You Mr DJ", "Back on my Feet", "Rhythm of Life", "Who's got the Power", "Bombani ( Tiko Rahini), "Power of Afrika", "Yvonne and Friends" and "Kwenzenjani". * UChaka Chaka bekunye nomyeni wakhe uGq. uMandlalele Mhinga banenkampani yelimousine, unomculo wakhe obizwa ngaye kunye nenkampani evelisa umculo ekuyeyakhe. ngamaxesha athile Ufundisa abafundi abadala [[ukufunda nokubhala]] kwiDyunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika, uhlalele iibhodi ezininzi zemibutho yesisa nemibutho ekungeyo yaseburhulumenteni, waza wanika inkozo yakhe nakwibhodi yenkampani yabaTyeleli yaseGoli. Ekubalulekeni kwakhe kubizo lwakhe lo kaChakaChaka udibene nabantu abafana no[[Nelson Mandela]] (wacula kumnyhadala wokuvuyisana nama-85 ezelwe), ne[[Elizabeth II waseUnited Kingdom|Nkosazana]] kunye no[[Oprah Winfrey]]. * Isidima sikaChaka Chaka njenge"Nkosazana yaseAfrika" bubungqina bokunxhumana kwakhe nabantu basekuhlaleni kwakunye neziphatha-mandla. Nokokuba sele eculela iiKumkani, iNkosazana, ooMongameli kunye namakhosikazi abo okanye neekhonshathi zamashishini; uyakusoloko ebuyela kwabo abathandayo - abalandeli bakhe kunye neentsapho zabaphulaphuli bezixeko ezinkulu zaseMzantsi Afrika, ezilokishini nakumaphandle okanye ezilalini. * U"Mama Africa", u[[Miriam Makeba]] wayethetha athi ngaye "Ngumntwana wam!", u[[Hugh Masekela]] ongeze ngelithi uYvonne ng"umtshana wam oligeza". Amagqala anje ngo[[Dolly Rathebe]] kunye no[[Dorothy Masuka]] bamchaza umculo kaYvonne nje "ngento bonke abantu abamelwe kukuyimanmela". * Xa wayebuzwa ngoyena mntu amthamda kakhulu, uChaka Chaka Chaka wathi "Ngumama kuba ubesoloko enam. Umama ukhulise intombi zakhe ezintathu eyedwa ngomvuzo womsebenzi wasemakhitshini. Oko kwaxabisa inkuthazo kunye namandla angummangaliso. Unguxhasi kunye negorha lam. Ukuzalwa kwa ngo1965 eSoweto, kwakungexesha [[ingcinezelo, nocalucalulo ngobuhlanga|localucalulo ngobuhlanga]], lawo kwakungamaxesha okunyuk' umnqantsa, kunzima, kutshis'ibunzi. Utata wayephum'izandla kwezomculo kodwa zange nakancinane akwazi ukuliphumeza iphupha lakhe. Wasweleka xa kanye ndine-11 leminyaka ubudala. Ndifuze abazali bam ngesi siphiwo somculo, ngoko ke umculo yinto ebisoloko isegazini lam. Ndisemncinane ndandibetha inkonkxa engenanto, ndivuthele nentonga yomtshayelo ndiyenza umboko wokucula. Ndandicula kw[[iikwayala zecawa]]. Ndiyawuthanda umculo. Ndisikelelekile ngoku sele ndide ndabe ndilusabele ndaluphumeza ubizo lwam, kwaye ndiye ndanakho ukwenza oko utata angazange abenakho ukukwenza." Wendele kuTiny Mhinga ozalana noMavivi Myakayaka Manzini nongumalume kaLebohang Manzini. {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaka Chaka, Yvonne}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] 3kcba2x9xh4jv64o671cdbzt19sf44j 0 4350 40717 39847 2026-06-12T07:46:08Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Linked to other pages. 40717 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zahara Nairobi (cropped).JPG|thumb]] '''Zahara''' (wazalwa '''Bulelwa Mkutukana''', ngomhla we9 kweye [[Nyanga|Nkanga]] ngo1987 - 11 Eyo Mnga ngo2023) ngumlonjikazi ekwambhali weengoma, yimbongikazi, umculu kunye nimbhali weengoma ukwaluphawu lomzekelo wesithunya kwisibhedlele sabantwana i[https://www.nelsonmandelachildrenshospital.org/ Nelson Mandel] ''Children's Hospital''. Waqala ukucula kwikwayala yasesikolweni sakhe eneminyaka emithandathu qwaba ubudala, waza wathi xa aminyaka iluthoba ubudala wayalelwa ukuba acule kwikwayala yabadala ngenxa yelizwi lakhe elivakala ligqamile. Ngo2011 uZahara wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lodumo elithi ''[[Loliwe]]'', elabonakalisa yimpumelelo enkulu; yaba kwizinga le''[https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/ platinum]'' kwiintsuku nje ezili-13 laza lalatyuza emva nje kweentsuku ezili-17 laba sele likwizinha le''double platinum'', lathisa ngaphaya kwama100,000 eekopi e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]. Umboniso wengoma yakhe yodumo, "[[Loliwe (song)|uLoliwe]]", ufunxe i-1.3 yezigidi zabaphulaphuli ngokuboniswe kwi [[YouTube]]. Ngomhla woku-1 kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngo2012, kumnyhadala wonyaka wokunikezelwa kweembasa owawubizwa ngokuba yi[[South African Music Awards]], uZahara waphumelela iimbasa ezisibhozo, kuquka eyelona gcisa langasegoqweni i"Best Female Artist" nobhazabhaza wecwecwe lonyaka i"[https://www.albumoftheyear.org/ Album of the Year"]. phambi kwezi mbasa, kwagqabhuka ingxwabangxwaba ngosasazo malunga nobume bezezimali zakhe ezaziphethwe gwenxa ngabashicileli benkampani yakhe. Inkampani yakhe yoshicilelo i-TS, yazikhaba ngawo omane ezo zityholo. ==Ubomi bangaphambili== Igama lakhe leenkobe uZahara ngu'''Bulelwa Mkutukana''' wakumatyotyombe asePhumlani cebu nje ngaphandle [[iMonti, eMpuma Koloni|kweMonti]] [[eMpuma Koloni]], e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]], apho wayehlala khona kunye nabazali bakhe uNokhaya kunye noMlamli Mkutukana, ungumntana wesithandathu kwabasixhenxe. Walubonakalisa uthando lwakhe lomculo eseneminyaka emi-6 kuphela ezelwe. Waqala ukutsala amehlo abantu mhla wachongwa ukuba akhokhele iqela lomculo wesikolo secawa ePhumlani. Igama lakhe leqonga lithetha ukuthi "Intyantyambo edubulayo"; njengomntwana wayesaziwa ngegama lakhe lesiteketiso elithi ''Spinach''. ==Ubizo lwakhe njengemvumi== Umculo wakhe ubekwa kwicandelo le"Afrosoul" kwaye ucula ngolwimi lwakhe lweenkobe, [[Ulwimi lwesiXhosa |isiXhosa]], nagesiNgesi.<ref name="mio">{{cite web|url= http://www.mio.co.za/article/zahara-sells-out-in-72-hours-2011-09-07|title= Zahara Sells Out In 72 Hours|work= MIO|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 2011-10-13|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111013234718/http://mio.co.za/article/zahara-sells-out-in-72-hours-2011-09-07|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Iingoma zakhe bezisoloko zichazwa njengomxube wohlobo lomculo odunyiswe ngu[[Tracy Chapman]], kunye no[[India.Arie]].<ref name="sowetan2">{{cite web|url= http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/08/30/zahara-is-going-places-real-fast|title= Zahara is going places real fast|work= Sowetan|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 10 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170910104244/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/08/30/zahara-is-going-places-real-fast|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Ubhazabhaza wecwecwe lakhe lodumo u[https://open.spotify.com/artist/6kw5sT8a7bcS9u7uVckgJq Zahara] elithi ''[[Loliwe]]'' lakhutshwa ngo-2011. Ukukhutshwa kwalo okokuqala laba sele lithengisile kwisithuba nje esingephi seeyure ezingama 72 likho,<ref name="mio" /> and 19 days later, the album reached double platinum status in South Africa by surpassing the 100,000 sales mark.<ref name="sowetan1">{{cite web|url= http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/09/21/zahara-s-cd-flies-off-shelves|title= Zahara's CD flies off shelves|work= Sowetan|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 15 March 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190315224004/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/09/21/zahara-s-cd-flies-off-shelves|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Oku kwamenza okokuba abeyimvumi yesibini emva ko[[Brenda Fassie]], owayengum [https://sahistory.org.za/article/xhosa Xhosa] onomtsalane kakhulu, nowafikelela kweli nani ngelo xesha lifutshane kangako. UZahara wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lokuqala lomboniso bhanyabhanya (iDVD)ecula ngokungathi ngu ''[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEY1ejsweY4DgMwOVJeEaBA X-Factor]'' umngeneli wase [https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States USA] [[LeRoy Bell]]. I-DVD yafikelela kumgangatho we''platinum'' (ngokomgangatho obekwe ngabashicileli bamacwecwe base[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]) ngosuku olunye nje kuphela. == Iingoma zakhe == * ''[[Loliwe]]'' (2011) * ''[[The Beginning Live]]'' (2012) * ''[[Nelson Mandela (EP)|Nelson Mandela]]'' (2013) * ''[[Phendula]]'' (2013) ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zahara}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] 0mmoghy6nxayvlgobku5jl0gev7rfqj 0 4369 40737 40583 2026-06-12T08:08:57Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 added a citation 40737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg|thumb|Umhlaba]] '''Ihlabathi''' okanye '''Umhlaba''' (uphawu: [[file:earth symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|🜨]]) yindawo eyiplanethi yesithathu ukusuka [[elangeni]] kwaye kukuphela kweplanethi eyaziwa njenge[[ubomi|nobomi]]kuyo. Ihlabathi eli [[ubudala beHlabathi|leenzeka kwisithuba sezigidigidi ezi4.5 billion zeminyaka eyadlulayo]].<ref name="age earth">{{citeweb|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century- a problem (mostly) solved|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Geological Society, London, Special Publications}}</ref> lelinye leeplanethi ezine [[iplanethi eneempawu zehlabathi|ezinamatye]] ngaphakathi kwi''solar'' [[izinto ezijikeleze ilanga]]. Ezinye zazo zi[[IMercury (iplanethi)|iMercury]], [[iVenus]], kunye ne[[iMars|Mars]]. Ubunzima obukhulu [[mass]] belanga benza okokuba ihlabathi lili[[ukujikeleza|jikeleze ngokwesazinge]], kanye oku kobunzima behlabathi xa busenza okokuba [[inyanga]] ilijikeleze . Nehlabathi ngokunjalo liyazijikikelezela, ngoko ke iindawo ngeendawo zijonge ngaselangeni ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ihlabathi lijikeleza [[ilanga]] kanye (kube kanye ngo"[[year]]") qho kwisithuba esingangamawaka ama-365¼ lijikeleza oko (kanye ngo"[[suku]]"). Inyanga ijikeleza umhlaba qho kwiintsuku ezimalunga nama-27⅓, kwaye ibanokukhanya okuvela elangeni. Njengokuba ihlabathi lijikelelza ilanga kwangelo xesha linye, ukutshintsha kokukhanya kwenyanga kuthatha iintsuku ezimalunga nama-29½ ukuba itshintshe ebumnyameni iye ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo isuke apho iphindele ebumnyameni kwakhona. Kulapho ke kwavela khona lo mbono we[[inyanga|nyanga]]. Kodwa ke ngoku iinyanga ezininzi zineentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ama-31 zitsho zikulungele ukwenza unyaka. ihlabathi kukuphela kwe[[iplanethi|planethi]] kwinkqubo yethu yezinto ezijikeleza ilanga [[ubumanzi|enobumanzi]] obuninzi na[[amanzi]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|title=Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life|accessdate=28 July 2009|publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> Malunga nama71[[iipesenti|%]] zomhlaba zogqunywe [[iilwandle|ngeelwandle]]. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, maxa wambi kuthiwa y''iplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka''. {{refn|''Blue Planet'' is a poetic title for the Earth used in [[movie]]s, in [[magazine|cheap paper book]]s, in [[poetry]], and in government reports (such as the [[European Space Agency]]'s "[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf Exploring the water cycle of the 'Blue Planet']")}} Ngenxa yamanzi ayo, ihlabathi lilikhaya lezigidi zeentlobo ze[[Isityalo|izityalo]] nezi[[izilwanyana|lwanyana]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M|title= How many species are there on Earth|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=2009-07-28}}</ref><ref name=purves_et_al2001>{{cite book | author=Purves, William Kirkwood ''et al'' | title=Life, the science of biology| publisher=Macmillan | page=455 | year=2001 | isbn=0716738732 }}</ref> Izinto eziphila emHlabeni ziyitshinsthe kwaphela umphezulu nembonakalo yomhlaba. umzekelo, [[cyanobacteria]] ekuqaleni watshintsha [[umoya]] kwaye wayinika [[I-oxygen|I-oksijini]]. Indawo ephilayo kumphezulu woMhlaba ibizwa ngokuba yi "[[I-Biosphere|biosphere]]".<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|title= Origins of life on Earth|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Space.com}}</ref> ==Igophe lokujika== [[File:AxialTiltObliquity.png|thumb|right|Ihlabathi lijika kwigophe ekuthiwa yi"[[axial tilt]]") ngokunxulumene nomzila wayo ojikeleze langa]]Ihlabathi yinxalenye yee[[iplanethi|planethi]] ezisibhozo kwakunye nenxalenye yamawakawaka ezinto ezincinane ezizulazula zijikeleza [[ilanga]] njenge[[nkqubo yokujikeleza kwezinto ezingqonge ilanga]]. Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwezinto ezingqonge ilanga ihamba nge[[Ngalo yeOrion]] ye[[Milky Way]] [[Galaxy]] ngoku, kwaye oku kuyakwenzeka isithuba seminyaka eli-10,000.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/030827a.html|title=Earth's location in the Milky Way|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Ihlabathi ngokubanzi {{liguqula|150,000,000|km|mi|sp=us|disp=or|sigfig=2}} kude le kw[[ilanga]] (lo mgama ubizwa ngokuba yi"[[Astronomical Unit]]"). Umhlaba uhamba ngendlela yawo ngesantya [[esikumyinge]] wama {{convert|30|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on|disp=or|sigfig=2}} ngomzuzwana. <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|title=NASA- an Earth fact sheet|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA|archive-date=2013-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508021904/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Umhlaba ujika kuyo yonke le ndlela malunga ne-365¼ yamathuba athatyathwa lilanga ngelo xesha ke uMhlaba wona uchitha uyihamba yonke loo ndlela ujikeleza [[ilanga]].<ref name=IERS>{{cite web | author=Staff | date=2007-08-07 | url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html | title=Useful Constants | publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service| accessdate=2008-09-23 }}</ref> Ukuze kubekho usuku olude kunezinye qho ngonyaka, [[leap day|usuku olongezelelweyo]] lubakho qho kwiminyaka emine. kuthiwe ke lo nyaka yi"[[leap year]]". [[Inyanga]] ijikeleza umHlaba kumgama [[ongumyinge]] we {{convert|250,000|mi|km|sp=us|disp=or|disp=flip|sigfig=2}}. It is locked to Earth, so that it always has the same half facing the Earth; the other half is called the "[[Dark Side of the Moon]]". Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-27⅓ ukuba iNyanga ijikeleze umhlaba<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Top Moon Questions - NASA Science|url=https://science.nasa.gov/moon/top-moon-questions/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>wonke kodwa, ngenxa yokuba uMhlaba ujikeleza iLanga ngaxeshanye<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-30|title=Facts About Earth|url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-29½ ukuba iNyanga isuke ebumnyameni iye ebumnyameni iye ebumnyameni kwakhona. Kulapho igama elithi "[[inyanga]]" lavela khona, nangona iinyanga ezininzi ngoku zineentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-31 ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Uluhlu:IAstronomi]] ibefteib8rn5nwkgff5prpeasnpz805 0 4400 40807 40313 2026-06-12T09:13:29Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked inyongo to izilwanyane 40807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Cholestasis 2 high mag.jpg|thumb|225px|Inyongo (yinto eqanda ngombala) ethe nca apha [[esibewulwe ukuze kwenziwe uphando oluphangaleleyo]] ngokwenzeka kwe stasis senyongo, oko kuththa ukuthi,[[ukungahambi kakuhle kwenyongo xa isuka esibindini isiya kugqongo wethumbu okanye ithumbu elikhulu]]. [[H&E stain]]]] [[File:Lipid and bile salts.svg|right|225px|thumb|Ukusebenza kweetyuwa zenyongo xa kusilwa ukutya esiswini]] [[File:Bile recycling.png|thumb|225px|ukusebenza kwenyongo okungenasiqabu]] '''inyongo''' okanye '''igall''' yinto ekrakrayo, ingamanzi le nto, imbala uluhlaza de ubuhlaza bayo bubengathi bubamnyama iye isiba buqanda bumdaka, le nto iputyuzwa s[[isibindi]] senkoliso [[izilwanyana|yezilwanyana]] ezinethambo lomqolo, inceda [[ekusilweni]] kw[[amafuma]] omzimba [[amathumbu|emathunjini amancinane]]. Ebantwini, inyongo ihlala iputyuzwa sisibindi (isibindi senyongo), igcinwe yaza yafunjwa [[kwisingxobo senyongo]] (isingxobo senyongo), size sithi ke xa sisitya [[isilwanyana]] eso, yona ibe iputyuzeka kwithumbu laso elikhulu ekuthiwa y[[iduodenum]]. Inyongo le yenziwe ngamanzi angama-97%, 0.7%<ref name="barrett">{{cite book|last1=Barrett|first1=Kim E. |title=Ganong's review of medical physiology.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-178003-2|pages=512|edition=24th }}</ref> [[incindi yenyongo|iityuwa zenyongo]], 0.2% [[yebilirubin]], 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids and [[lecithin]]),<ref name=barrett /> and 200 meq/l inorganic salts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guyton and Hall|title=Textbook of Medical Physiology|date=2011|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|location=U.S.|isbn=978-1-4160-4574-8|page=784}}</ref> ==umsebenzi wenyongo== Poes inamaxesha okusebenza njenge[[isurfactant|surfactant]], oko kukuthi inceda [[ukunyibilikisa|ekunyibilikiseni]] amafutha ekutyeni. Ityuwa yenyongo ii[[anion]]s zi[[hydrophilic]] kwelinye icala ziphinde zibe[[hydrophobic]] kwelinye; iziphumo zoko, zidla ngokuqokolelana ngakumaqabaza amafutha ekuthiwa zii([[triglycerides]] nangakwii[[phospholipid]]s) ukuze zenze ii[[micelle]]s, with the hydrophobic sides towards the fat and hydrophilic sides facing outwards. The hydrophilic sides are negatively charged, and this charge prevents fat droplets coated with bile from re-aggregating into larger fat particles. Ordinarily, the micelles in the duodenum have a diameter around 14–33&nbsp;μm. Yebo The dispersion of food fat into micelles thus provides a greatly increased surface area for the action of the enzyme [[pancreatic lipase]], which actually digests the triglycerides, and is able to reach the fatty core through gaps between the bile salts. A triglyceride is broken down into two fatty acids and a [[monoglyceride]], which are absorbed by the [[Intestinal villus|villi]] on the intestine walls. After being transferred across the intestinal membrane, the fatty acids reform into triglycerides, before being absorbed into the lymphatic system through [[lacteal]]s. Without bile salts, most of the lipids in food would be excreted in feces, undigested. Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the [[vitamin]]s [[vitamin A|A]], [[vitamin D|D]], [[vitamin E|E]], and [[vitamin K|K]]. Besides its digestive function, bile serves also as the route of excretion for bilirubin, a byproduct of [[erythrocyte|red blood cells]] recycled by the liver. Bilirubin derives from [[hemoglobin]] by [[glucuronidation]]. Bile is alkaline{{Citation needed|date=August 2013}} and also has the function of neutralizing any excess stomach acid before it enters the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. Bile salts also act as [[bactericide]]s, destroying many of the microbes that may be present in the food. ==Causes of Biliary Obstruction== Biliary obstruction can be caused by a variety of dietary factors. Majority of the time biliary obstruction is caused by the high consumption of sugar, fat and processed foods. These above mentioned foods can cause [[gallstones]]. Primarily biliary obstruction is caused by blockage in the [[bile ducts]]. Bile ducts carry bile from the liver and [[gallbladder]] through the pancreas. A huge amount of the bile is then released into the small intestine [[duodenum]]. The remaining bile is stored in the gallbladder. After food consumption the bile in the gallbladder is released to help with digestion and fat absorption. ==Clinical significance== * In the absence of bile, fats become indigestible and are instead excreted in [[feces]], a condition called [[steatorrhea]]. Feces lack their characteristic brown color and instead are white or gray, and greasy.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Barabote RD, Tamang DG, Abeywardena SN, et al. |title=Extra domains in secondary transport carriers and channel proteins |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1758 |issue=10 |pages=1557–79 |year=2006 |pmid=16905115 |doi=10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.018}}</ref> Steatorrhea can lead to deficiencies in [[essential fatty acid]]s and [[fat-soluble vitamins]]. In addition, past the [[small intestine]] (which is normally responsible for absorbing fat from food) the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and [[gut flora]] are not adapted to processing fats, leading to problems in the large intestine. * The [[cholesterol]] contained in bile will occasionally accrete into lumps in the gallbladder, forming [[Cholelithiasis|gallstones]]. Cholesterol gallstones are generally treated through surgical removal of the gallbladder. However, they can sometimes be dissolved by increasing the concentration of certain naturally occurring bile acids, such as [[chenodeoxycholic acid]] and [[ursodeoxycholic acid]]. * On an empty stomach – after repeated [[vomiting]], for example – a person's vomit may be green or dark yellow, and very bitter. The bitter and greenish component may be bile or normal digestive juices originating in the stomach.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} The color of bile is often likened to "fresh-cut grass",{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} unlike components in the stomach that look greenish yellow or dark yellow. Bile may be forced into the stomach secondary to a weakened valve ([[pylorus]]), the presence of certain drugs including alcohol, or powerful muscular contractions and duodenal spasms. ==Intlalo nesiko== In medical theories prevalent in the West from [[Classical Antiquity]] to the [[Middle Ages]], the body's health depended on the equilibrium of [[humorism|four "humors"]], or vital fluids, two of which related to bile: blood, [[phlegm#Phlegm and humourism|phlegm]], "'''yellow bile'''" (choler), and "'''black bile'''". These "humors" are believed to have its roots in the appearance of a blood sedimentation test made in open air, which exhibits a dark clot at the bottom ("black bile"), a layer of unclotted erythrocytes ("blood"), a layer of white blood cells ("phlegm") and a layer of clear yellow serum ("yellow bile"). Excesses of black bile and yellow bile were thought to produce depression and aggression, respectively, and the Greek names for them gave rise to the English words [[cholera]] (from Greek ''kholé'') and [[melancholia]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}. Those same theories explain the derivation of the English word bilious from ''bile'', the meaning of gall in English as "exasperation" or "impudence", and the Latin word ''cholera'', derived from the Greek ''kholé'', which was passed upon several Romance languages in words meaning "anger" such as ''colère'' (French) and ''cólera'' (Spanish). ===Isepha yenyongo=== Bile from deceased mammals can be mixed with soap. This mixture, called bile soap,<ref>{{cite journal|title=The invention of certain improvements in the manufacture of soap, which will be particularly applicable to the felting of woollen cloths.|journal=The London Journal Of Arts And Sciences; And Repertory Of Patent Inventions|year=1837|first=W. |last=Newton|volume=IX|issue=|pages=289 |url=http://www.google.co.uk/books?vid=0MfyvmoTsdK02ZeP86W&id=GhMAAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA19-PA291&lpg=RA19-PA291&dq=bile+soap&as_brr=1|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref> can be applied to textiles a few hours before washing and is a traditional and rather effective method for removing various kinds of tough stains. ===Inyongo ekutyeni=== A dish in the Philippines called "Pinapaitan" uses bile as a sort of flavoring for this dish. ==Principal bile acids== <gallery class="center"> Image:Cholic acid.svg|[[Cholic acid]] Image:Chenodeoxycholic acid.svg|[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]] Image:Glycocholsäure.svg|[[Glycocholic acid]] Image:Taurocholic acid.svg|[[Taurocholic acid]] Image:Deoxycholic acid.svg|[[Deoxycholic acid]] Image:Lithocholic_acid_acsv.svg|[[Lithocholic acid]] </gallery> [[Category:Masiguqule]] [[Category:BODY FLUIDS]] 9x7ve5e5qvghsth2kz1v2qybrkmn0p6 40810 40807 2026-06-12T09:15:14Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 improved an article 40810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Cholestasis 2 high mag.jpg|thumb|225px|Inyongo (yinto eqanda ngombala) ethe nca apha [[esibewulwe ukuze kwenziwe uphando oluphangaleleyo]] ngokwenzeka kwe stasis senyongo, oko kuththa ukuthi,[[ukungahambi kakuhle kwenyongo xa isuka esibindini isiya kugqongo wethumbu okanye ithumbu elikhulu]]. [[H&E stain]]]] [[File:Lipid and bile salts.svg|right|225px|thumb|Ukusebenza kweetyuwa zenyongo xa kusilwa ukutya esiswini]] [[File:Bile recycling.png|thumb|225px|ukusebenza kwenyongo okungenasiqabu]] == '''inyongo''' okanye '''igall''' yinto '''ekrakrayo''', ingamanzi le nto, imbala uluhlaza de ubuhlaza bayo bubengathi bubamnyama iye isiba buqanda bumdaka, le nto iputyuzwa s[[isibindi]] senkoliso [[izilwanyana|yezilwanyana]] ezinethambo lomqolo, inceda [[ekusilweni]] kw[[amafuma]] omzimba [[amathumbu|emathunjini amancinane]]. Ebantwini, inyongo ihlala iputyuzwa sisibindi (isibindi senyongo), igcinwe yaza yafunjwa [[kwisingxobo senyongo]] (isingxobo senyongo), size sithi ke xa sisitya [[isilwanyana]] eso, yona ibe ''iputyuzeka'' kwithumbu laso elikhulu ekuthiwa y[[iduodenum]]. Inyongo le yenziwe ngamanzi angama-97%, 0.7%<ref name="barrett">{{cite book|last1=Barrett|first1=Kim E. |title=Ganong's review of medical physiology.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-178003-2|pages=512|edition=24th }}</ref> [[incindi yenyongo|iityuwa zenyongo]], 0.2% [[yebilirubin]], 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids and [[lecithin]]),<ref name="barrett" /> and 200 meq/l inorganic salts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guyton and Hall|title=Textbook of Medical Physiology|date=2011|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|location=U.S.|isbn=978-1-4160-4574-8|page=784}}</ref> == ==umsebenzi wenyongo== * Poes inamaxesha okusebenza njenge[[isurfactant|surfactant]], oko kukuthi inceda [[ukunyibilikisa|ekunyibilikiseni]] amafutha ekutyeni. Ityuwa yenyongo ii[[anion]]s zi[[hydrophilic]] kwelinye icala ziphinde zibe[[hydrophobic]] kwelinye; iziphumo zoko, zidla ngokuqokolelana ngakumaqabaza amafutha ekuthiwa zii([[triglycerides]] nangakwii[[phospholipid]]s) ukuze zenze ii[[micelle]]s, with the hydrophobic sides towards the fat and hydrophilic sides facing outwards. The hydrophilic sides are negatively charged, and this charge prevents fat droplets coated with bile from re-aggregating into larger fat particles. Ordinarily, the micelles in the duodenum have a diameter around 14–33&nbsp;μm. Yebo # The dispersion of food fat into micelles thus provides a greatly increased surface area for the action of the enzyme [[pancreatic lipase]], which actually digests the triglycerides, and is able to reach the fatty core through gaps between the bile salts. A triglyceride is broken down into two fatty acids and a [[monoglyceride]], which are absorbed by the [[Intestinal villus|villi]] on the intestine walls. After being transferred across the intestinal membrane, the fatty acids reform into triglycerides, before being absorbed into the lymphatic system through [[lacteal]]s. Without bile salts, most of the lipids in food would be excreted in feces, undigested. Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the [[vitamin]]s [[vitamin A|A]], [[vitamin D|D]], [[vitamin E|E]], and [[vitamin K|K]]. Besides its digestive function, bile serves also as the route of excretion for bilirubin, a byproduct of [[erythrocyte|red blood cells]] recycled by the liver. Bilirubin derives from [[hemoglobin]] by [[glucuronidation]]. Bile is alkaline{{Citation needed|date=August 2013}} and also has the function of neutralizing any excess stomach acid before it enters the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. Bile salts also act as [[bactericide]]s, destroying many of the microbes that may be present in the food. ==Causes of Biliary Obstruction== Biliary obstruction can be caused by a variety of dietary factors. Majority of the time biliary obstruction is caused by the high consumption of sugar, fat and processed foods. These above mentioned foods can cause [[gallstones]]. Primarily biliary obstruction is caused by blockage in the [[bile ducts]]. Bile ducts carry bile from the liver and [[gallbladder]] through the pancreas. A huge amount of the bile is then released into the small intestine [[duodenum]]. The remaining bile is stored in the gallbladder. After food consumption the bile in the gallbladder is released to help with digestion and fat absorption. ==Clinical significance== * In the absence of bile, fats become indigestible and are instead excreted in [[feces]], a condition called [[steatorrhea]]. Feces lack their characteristic brown color and instead are white or gray, and greasy.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Barabote RD, Tamang DG, Abeywardena SN, et al. |title=Extra domains in secondary transport carriers and channel proteins |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1758 |issue=10 |pages=1557–79 |year=2006 |pmid=16905115 |doi=10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.018}}</ref> Steatorrhea can lead to deficiencies in [[essential fatty acid]]s and [[fat-soluble vitamins]]. In addition, past the [[small intestine]] (which is normally responsible for absorbing fat from food) the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and [[gut flora]] are not adapted to processing fats, leading to problems in the large intestine. * The [[cholesterol]] contained in bile will occasionally accrete into lumps in the gallbladder, forming [[Cholelithiasis|gallstones]]. Cholesterol gallstones are generally treated through surgical removal of the gallbladder. However, they can sometimes be dissolved by increasing the concentration of certain naturally occurring bile acids, such as [[chenodeoxycholic acid]] and [[ursodeoxycholic acid]]. * On an empty stomach – after repeated [[vomiting]], for example – a person's vomit may be green or dark yellow, and very bitter. The bitter and greenish component may be bile or normal digestive juices originating in the stomach.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} The color of bile is often likened to "fresh-cut grass",{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} unlike components in the stomach that look greenish yellow or dark yellow. Bile may be forced into the stomach secondary to a weakened valve ([[pylorus]]), the presence of certain drugs including alcohol, or powerful muscular contractions and duodenal spasms. ==Intlalo nesiko== In medical theories prevalent in the West from [[Classical Antiquity]] to the [[Middle Ages]], the body's health depended on the equilibrium of [[humorism|four "humors"]], or vital fluids, two of which related to bile: blood, [[phlegm#Phlegm and humourism|phlegm]], "'''yellow bile'''" (choler), and "'''black bile'''". These "humors" are believed to have its roots in the appearance of a blood sedimentation test made in open air, which exhibits a dark clot at the bottom ("black bile"), a layer of unclotted erythrocytes ("blood"), a layer of white blood cells ("phlegm") and a layer of clear yellow serum ("yellow bile"). Excesses of black bile and yellow bile were thought to produce depression and aggression, respectively, and the Greek names for them gave rise to the English words [[cholera]] (from Greek ''kholé'') and [[melancholia]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}. Those same theories explain the derivation of the English word bilious from ''bile'', the meaning of gall in English as "exasperation" or "impudence", and the Latin word ''cholera'', derived from the Greek ''kholé'', which was passed upon several Romance languages in words meaning "anger" such as ''colère'' (French) and ''cólera'' (Spanish). ===Isepha yenyongo=== Bile from deceased mammals can be mixed with soap. This mixture, called bile soap,<ref>{{cite journal|title=The invention of certain improvements in the manufacture of soap, which will be particularly applicable to the felting of woollen cloths.|journal=The London Journal Of Arts And Sciences; And Repertory Of Patent Inventions|year=1837|first=W. |last=Newton|volume=IX|issue=|pages=289 |url=http://www.google.co.uk/books?vid=0MfyvmoTsdK02ZeP86W&id=GhMAAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA19-PA291&lpg=RA19-PA291&dq=bile+soap&as_brr=1|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref> can be applied to textiles a few hours before washing and is a traditional and rather effective method for removing various kinds of tough stains. ===Inyongo ekutyeni=== A dish in the Philippines called "Pinapaitan" uses bile as a sort of flavoring for this dish. ==Principal bile acids== <gallery class="center"> Image:Cholic acid.svg|[[Cholic acid]] Image:Chenodeoxycholic acid.svg|[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]] Image:Glycocholsäure.svg|[[Glycocholic acid]] Image:Taurocholic acid.svg|[[Taurocholic acid]] Image:Deoxycholic acid.svg|[[Deoxycholic acid]] Image:Lithocholic_acid_acsv.svg|[[Lithocholic acid]] </gallery> [[Category:Masiguqule]] [[Category:BODY FLUIDS]] 44b99p0k1vgy2b97jxbfyfola4u9d0a 0 4479 40776 33170 2026-06-12T08:33:25Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''AMATHUMBU'''''[[File:Intestine - sized.png|thumb|Umzobo obonakalisa amathumbu omntu]] == A'''mathumbu''' e[[isilwanyana|silwanyana]] ame okombhobho onjengengobozi ukuze [[ukutya]] kunye n[[enyongo]] ezivela esiswini zibenakho ukufikelela [[emathunjini amancinane]] naku[[mathumbu amakhulu]]. == Ilungu lokuqala kumathumbu amancinane kuthiwa y[[iduodenum]]. Kulapho ke ukutya kusilwa khona z[[ii-enzymes]] ubukhulu becala. Ngaphezu koko, amathumbu amancinane afunxa [[Chemical compound|izakha-mziba]] ezibalulekileyo eziphuma ekutyeni [[digestion|okusiliweyo]]. Oku akwenza [[ngemisetyana]] emincinane okanye ngee[[microvillus|mfikimfelane zoboya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec09/ch118/ch118d.html |title=Small intestine: biology of the digestive system: Merck Manual Home Edition |first= |last= |work=merckmanuals.com |year=2011 [last update] |accessdate=9 March 2011 |archive-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124003340/http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec09/ch118/ch118d.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Zincinane kakhulu ke ezi zinto, ngathi ziinwele kumadonga angapkathi emathunjini. Amathumbu amakhulu wona akwabizwa ngokuba ng'''oogqongo'''. wona afunxa amanzi, nazo naziphi na ityuwa zomzimba ezishiyekileyo. Akwafunxa nee[[vitamins]] ezenziwe yi[[gut flora]] [[emathunjini]]. Okokugqibela [[achitha]] ukungcola akukhuphe ngee[[mpundu]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Maton ''et al''| first = Anthea| title = Human biology and health| publisher = Prentice Hall| date = 1993| location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA| isbn = 0-13-981176-1}}</ref> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:I-Physiology]] {{stub}} rpzak04y4dd1hhocxhyoh5azrwswx1e 40777 40776 2026-06-12T08:33:38Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by InternetArchiveBot: test edits, please use the sandbox 33170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Intestine - sized.png|thumb|Umzobo obonakalisa amathumbu omntu]] A'''mathumbu''' e[[isilwanyana|silwanyana]] ame okombhobho onjengengobozi ukuze [[ukutya]] kunye n[[enyongo]] ezivela esiswini zibenakho ukufikelela [[emathunjini amancinane]] naku[[mathumbu amakhulu]]. Ilungu lokuqala kumathumbu amancinane kuthiwa y[[iduodenum]]. Kulapho ke ukutya kusilwa khona z[[ii-enzymes]] ubukhulu becala. Ngaphezu koko, amathumbu amancinane afunxa [[Chemical compound|izakha-mziba]] ezibalulekileyo eziphuma ekutyeni [[digestion|okusiliweyo]]. Oku akwenza [[ngemisetyana]] emincinane okanye ngee[[microvillus|mfikimfelane zoboya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec09/ch118/ch118d.html |title=Small intestine: biology of the digestive system: Merck Manual Home Edition |first= |last= |work=merckmanuals.com |year=2011 [last update] |accessdate=9 March 2011 |archive-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124003340/http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec09/ch118/ch118d.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Zincinane kakhulu ke ezi zinto, ngathi ziinwele kumadonga angapkathi emathunjini. Amathumbu amakhulu wona akwabizwa ngokuba ng'''oogqongo'''. wona afunxa amanzi, nazo naziphi na ityuwa zomzimba ezishiyekileyo. Akwafunxa nee[[vitamins]] ezenziwe yi[[gut flora]] [[emathunjini]]. Okokugqibela [[achitha]] ukungcola akukhuphe ngee[[mpundu]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Maton ''et al''| first = Anthea| title = Human biology and health| publisher = Prentice Hall| date = 1993| location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA| isbn = 0-13-981176-1}}</ref> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:I-Physiology]] {{stub}} pxtrkoj3v017atffo08898pchgpnmp4 0 4492 40719 28871 2026-06-12T07:49:35Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xhosa1851.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Amatsha-ntliziyo akhusela ulawulo lwaseWater Kloof eyayiminyene lihlathi ngexesha lemfazwe yango1851 imfazwe yesi-8 yamaXhosa. [[AmaXhosa]], kumlambo ikei River namaKhoi-khoi kunye nemikhosi eyasaba emfazweni.]] '''[https://impahlaplug.com/?srsltid=AfmBOoq3WZ7V_bUQxYclF1G5l0_xQhecR8dT_0SEVPPGLSGRjIdDHRNa Iimfazwe] zamaXhosa''' (nezikwabizwa njengeemfazwe zencakam yekapa okanye iimfazwe zeminyaka elikhulu kwilizwekazi iAfrika), olu ke yayiluthotho lweemfazwe eziluthoba (ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1779 ukuya kweyo-1879) phakathi kweentlanga zamaXhosa nakubavukeli baseYurophu kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yimpuma Koloni emZantsi Afrika kungoku nje. Laa ngamaxesha amade eentshukumo zomkhosi kwimbali yokuthinjwa kweAfrika. [[Category:AmaXhosa]] [[Category:Imbali yomkhosi weKolony yaseKapa]] [[Category:Iimfazwe ezibandakanya imo nabantu baseAfrika]] [[Category:Iimfazwe ezibandakanya umZantsi Afrika]] {{stub}} a11plq508t9hy646vipi9odtcsmg31t 0 4498 40817 26298 2026-06-12T09:27:22Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 improved an article 40817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Black Sea map.png|right|thumb|Imephu yolwandle olumnyama]] == U'''lwandle olumnyama''' l[[ulwandle]] oluse-[[Eurasia]] phakathi kwe[[Yurophu]], [[iCaucasus]], kunye ne[[Anatolia]]. '''Imilambo''' emikhulu emininzi iqhagamshelana nolwandle olumnyama, enje ngemilambo [[iDon River|Don]], [[iDanube]], kunye ne[[Dnieper River|Dnieper]]. == * Luqhakamshelana ku[[lwandle]] [[Atlantic Ocean|iAtlantic]] ngo[[lwandle imediternean]], [[ulwandle iAegean]], nakw[[imizila yamanzi]] emininzi. I90% yonke yolwandle ayina[[Oksijin]]. Amanzi ng[[aman'anetyuwa]] kodwa ''ubutyuwa'' bawo bunganeno kunobo bolwandle. Kwiminyaka yo[[Pleistocene|kuphungulwa kobushushu emhlabeni -ice age]], ulwandle olumnyama lwalusisidibi s[[amanzi ahlaziyekileyo]]. == Imbali == # Kw[[iintsomi zesiGrike]], ii[[Argonaut]] zikhenketha elwandle. AmaGrike abeka amakoloni ukuze ajikeleze ulwandle kuba kwakubalulekile [[ukuthengiselana]] namazwe amaninzi kwimbali kw[[iimbali zakudala]]. [[iphulo leGallipoli]] nge[[mfazwe yoku-1]] yayikukulwela ukungena kuLwandle olumNyama. Lwalubalulekile kw[[iMfazwe yesi-11 kwiHlabathi]]. [[Category:IJografi]] 1cysloq41z3j8zfdfo463iiks54bsc3 0 4500 40741 31803 2026-06-12T08:11:04Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 ADDED REFERENCE 40741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Family_by_Edwina_Sandys.JPG|thumb|abazali ababini nomntwana; Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wosapho (e[[Izizwe ezimanyeneyo|United Nations]], [[eGeneva]]).]] Usapho liqela labantu abaye bathi, kwiimeko ezininzi, bahlale kunye. Babelana ngemali nangokutya kwabo kwaye bamelwe kukukhathalelana. Amalungu alo asenokuzalana ngokwegazi (njengomntu nomnakwabo okanye nodade wabo) okanye ngokubotshelelwa kwabo ngokomthetho, umzekelo ngokwasemtshatweni.  Kumasiko amaninzi, amalungu osapho anefani  Usapho lubizwa ngokuba sisiseko [[Intlalo|sentlalo]]. Ubomi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loo mini yabutshintsha ubomi bami inkulumo elungiselelwe isixhosa essay|url=https://www.mnelisi.com/isixhosa/ubomi.php|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.mnelisi.com}}</ref> bosapho bungeemfihlelo zosapho kwaye ukuzalana kwamalungu alo kusondelelene kakhulu kunobomi bukawonke wonke.  Kodwa ke kumazwe amaninzi kukho imithetho yako. Umzekelo, kukho imiqathango yokutshata apha kusapho kwaye kuyatshatyalaliswa ukwabelana ngesondo kwamalungu azalanayo, eingakumbi ebantwaneni. == Iintlobo zosapho == Zintathu iintlobo zeentsapho, nazi, : ''usapho lwe-nuclear '', ''usapho lwabazali abangenabalingani kunye nosapho ngokuzalana. '' # Usapho lwe-'''nuclear '''lunabazali kunye nabantwana usenokuba mnye nangaphezulu bonke behlala ndawonye. # Usapho olumzali mnye lolo athi emnye nje abe enomntwana omnye okanye abantwana ababini nangaphezulu.  # '''Usapho ngokuphangaleleyo okanye iintsapho ngomnanyeneyo ''' luthetha utata, umama, intombi, oonyana, umakhulu notat'omkhulu, umalume, u-anti, umzala, abatshana. Kumazwe amaninzi aquka  iTshayina, iPakistan kunye ne-[[IIndia|India]], Lonke usapho ngokwanda kwalo luhlala ndawonye.  <br> Zombini ezi ntsapho "olwabazali bobabini" nolo"lunomzali omnye" babizwa ngokuba ziintsapho "ezikufutshane". Iintsapho zefoster  ziintsapho apho umntwana akhuliswa khona ngabantu abangamzaliyo.  == Ukusondelelana == Ezinye iintsapho zisondelelene ngokuzalana. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lunika imizekelo yokuzalana ngokwesiNgesi.   {| style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="wikitable" ! I-Kinship ! Iqondo lokuzalana  <br> !Genetic<br> overlap |- | izilwanyana zomnombo omnye  ngokuzalana<br> | Akukho qondo |99% |- | umceph'ucandiwe wamawele | Akukho qondo  <br> | 100%<ref>By replacement in the definition of the notion of "generation" by meiosis". </ref> |- | abazalwa kunye ngabazali abanye <br> | Iqondo lokuqala <br> | 50% (2⁻²+2⁻²) |- | I-Parent-offspring<ref><span class="citation web">[http://taumoda.com/web/PD/library/kin.html "Kin Selection"].&#x20;</span></ref> | iqondo lokuqala <br> | 50% (2⁻¹) |- | I-Offspring/progeny | Iqondo lokuqalafirst-degree <br> | 50% (2⁻¹) |- | I-Half-sibling | Iqondo lesibini  | 25% (2⁻²) |- |I-3/4 siblings or sibling-cousin | iqondo lesibini  | 37.5% (2⁻²+2⋅2⁻⁴) |- | Umhakhulu/uta'omkhulu | iqondo lesibini  | 25% (2⁻²) |- | Abatshana | Iqondo lesithathu <br> | 25% (2⋅2⁻³) |- | U-Anti/umalume | iqondo lesithathu <br> | 25% (2⋅2⁻³) |- | i-Half-aunt, half-uncle | Iqondo lesithathu <br> | 12.5% (2⋅2⁻⁴) |- | I-Half-niece/half-nephew | Iqondo lesithathu <br> | 12.5% (2⋅2⁻⁴) |- |umama kamhakhulu | Iqondo lesithathu <br> | 12.5% (2⁻³) |- | umzala omkhulu | Iqondo lesine  | 12.5% (2⋅2⁻⁴) |- | i-Double first couisin | Iqondo lesine  | 25% (2⁻³+2⁻³) |- | I-Half-first cousin | Iqondo lesine  | 6.25% (2⁻⁴) |- | i-First cousin once removed | Iqondo lesihlanu <br> | 6.25% (2⋅2⁻⁵) |- | I-Second cousin | Iqondo lesithandathu <br> | 3.125% 3.13% (2⁻⁶+2⁻⁶) |- | I-Double second cousin | Iqondo lesithandathu <br> | 6.25% (4⋅2⁻⁶) |- | I-Triple second cousin | iqondo lesithandathu <br> | 12.5% (8⋅2⁻⁶) |- | i-Quadruple second cousin | Iqondo lesithandathu <br> | 9.38% (6⋅2⁻⁶) |- | Umzala wesithathu  | Iqondo esixhenxe <br> | 0.781% (2⋅2⁻⁸) |- | umzala wesine  <br> | Iqondo leshumi <br> | 0.20% (2⋅2⁻¹⁰)<ref>This degree of relationship is usually indistinguishable from the relationship to a random individual within the same population (tribe, country, ethnic group).</ref> |} == Amanye amaphepha anxulumene neli == * I-[[Divorce]] uqhawulo mtshato<br> * [[Inkedama]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} 2xcaxxe68sy4zzo3yx3w7b6wd5bvwgk 0 4520 40709 32572 2026-06-12T07:41:48Z Cokotho 16123 Linked to another page 40709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Old Post Office in Aliwal North.jpg|250px|thumb|Aliwal North]] '''[https://www.aliwalnorth.net/ Aliwal North]''' ([[IsiBhulu]]: ''Aliwal-Noord'') ([[isiSotho]]: ''Maletswai'') idolophi enkabeni [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] kwa Orange/Senqu River, imi kwi[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Phondo laseMpuma Koloni]] (Eastern Cape Province). Aliwal North kuyinto esihlalweni "Walter Sisulu Local Municipality" ngaphakathi "Joe Gqabi District Municipality". dtupcbl27rn982wsyrszaig3twnw9qt 0 4524 40724 40149 2026-06-12T07:53:20Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked to another page 40724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isayikholoji''' sisifundo senzululwazi [[Ingqondo|ngengqondo]] nokuziphatha. Isihloko sayo siquka ukuziphatha kwabantu nabangengabo abantu, zombini izinto eziqondayo nezingaziyo, kunye neenkqubo zengqondo ezifana neengcinga, iimvakalelo, kunye neenjongo. Isayikholoji sisifundo semfundo esibanzi kakhulu, esinqumla imida phakathi kwesayensi yendalo neyentlalo. Iingcali zengqondo zebhayoloji zifuna ukuqonda iimpawu ezikhulayo zobuchopho, zidibanisa isifundo kunye ne -neuroscience.Njengeengcali zentlalo, iingcali zengqondo zijolise ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye namaqela. Njengenxalenye yecandelo elibandakanya izifundo ezahlukeneyo, iingcali zengqondo zibandakanyeka kuphando malunga nokuqonda, ukuqonda, ingqalelo, iimvakaleloubukrelekrele, amava axhomekeke kuwe, inkuthazo, ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nobuntu. Izinto ezinomdla kwiingcali zengqondo zifikelela kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ukuqina kwengqondo, ukuqina kosapho, kunye nezinye iindawo kwingqondo yoluntu. Zikwaqwalasela ingqondo engaziyo. Iingcali zengqondo zophando zisebenzisa iindlela zo[https://xh.eferrit.com/ukuvavanya-ungqungquthela-kwicar/ kuvavanya] ukuqonda ulwalamano olubangela kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zengqondo. Ezinye kodwa kungekhona zonke, iingcali zengqondo zeklinikhi kunye neengcebiso zixhomekeke ekutolikweni komfuziselo. 18tk5wyuovj0477roo42uoknt43b9cr 0 4863 40734 39215 2026-06-12T08:07:47Z Cokotho 16123 Added a reference 40734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inkokheli''' ngumntu one[[igunya|gunya]] lokuyalela abantu ukuba benze ntonina. Ngokwentetho ecacileyo, inkokheli ngumntu olandelwayo ngabantu. Iqela labantu elingenankokheli yalo libizwa ngokuba liqela elingenankokheli. Inkokheli ngumntu owenza okokuba abantu bathathe amanyathelo okwenza intshukumo ngokubhekiselele kuloo nto ekufuneka yenziwe, apho bonke abo babandakanyekayo baneenjongo za zisengela thungeni linye. <ref>Edwin A. Locke, ''The Essence of Leadership: The Four Keys to Leading Successfully'' (New York: Lexington Books; Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada; New York: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1991), p. 2</reF> umsebenzi wenkokheli kuku[[wikt:ukulawula|lawula]] izenzo zabalandeli bayo. <ref name=Diwan328>Parag Diwan, ''Management Principles and Practices'' (New Delhi: Excel Books, 2002), p. 328</ref> Inkokheli imele iqela lenkampani.<ref name=Diwan328/> Umzekelo, [[Isekela mongameli]] lase[[Canada]] linelungelo lokulawula ilizwe lase[[eCanada|Canada]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Canada {{!}} History, Population, Immigration, Capital, & Currency {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> kwaye likwamele abantu baseCanada. Yinkokheli. == Jonga olunye ulwazi ngalo mba== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080203195145/http://www.in-mind.org/issue-5/the-vision-thing.html 'The Vision Thing': How Effective Leaders Cultivate and Co-ordinate Social Identity in Order to Promote Followership] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170911185031/http://bealeader.net/ Leadership Resources] {{commonscat|Leaders}} {{Politics-stub}} [[Category:Politics]] fa4515qqmmci8aw8ty2bwmr8799p8rv 0 4876 40677 34040 2026-06-11T21:39:53Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Linked to other pages. 40677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flower_heart.jpg|right|thumb|Iintyatyambo kunye neentliziyo ziyathandwa kusuku lwe-Valentines]] [[File:Valentines Day Chocolates from 2005.jpg|thumb|]] [[File:Rozen.jpg|thumb|]] '''Usuku lwe-valentine ''' lusuku lwekhefu olwenzeka ngeyomDumba ngomhla we-[[Ishumi elinane|14]]. Lusuku enyakeni  apho abathandanayo bebonisana ngothando lwabo omnye komnye.  Oku kungenzeka ngokunikana [[Intyatyambo|iintyatyambo, iitshokholethi]],  amakhadi e-Valentine okanye nasiphi na isipho nje esihle.  Bakwanikana namazwi othando. Laa mazwi abhaliweyo nekunikezelwana ngawo kuthiwa xa ebizwa zii-''valentines''. Abanye abantu bazipikela okanye baziqajela umntu abe mnye baze bababize ngokuba yi"Valentine" yabo njengesijekulo esibonisa uthando nokweneliseka ngabo.  Imiqondiso yosuku lwe-Valentine  yindlela eme ngayo [[intliziyo]], [[Intyatyambo|iintyatyambo]], kunye ne-Cupid kunye nee-arrows zayo. Usuku lwe-Valentine lathiywa umtshutshiswa wamaKristu ongenachaphaza ogama lakhe lalingu-Valentine. Wayengubhishobhu owayetshate  nesibini esasingamkelekanga. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.valentinejinni.com/2016/01/saint-valentine.html |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2016-02-11 |archive-date=2016-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405113657/http://www.valentinejinni.com/2016/01/saint-valentine.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ukusukela kumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-[[14]]  abantu abahamba ngababini kwisi-Valentine benziwa [[eNgilani]]. Abahambeli bamaNgesi basithatha esi sithethe se-Valentine basisa e[[IYunayithedi Steyitsi|United States]]. Emva kweMfazwe yesiBini kwiHlabathi, Amajoni omkhosi ase-US awuzisa e[[IYurophu|Europe]] lo mbhiyozo. == I-Legend == Kunyaka wenkulungwane yesithathu emva kuka[[UYesu Kristu|Kristu]], u-Valentine wayenguBhishobhu wamaTerni (e-[[IItaly|Italy]]). Wayeqhuba imitshato yabatshati ababengavumelekanga ukuba batshate.  Babenokungavunyelwa ukuba batshate ngenxa yokokuba ababazali  babengavumelani nonxulumano okanye ngenxa yokokuba umyeni  wayelijoni okanye wayelikhoboka, ngoko ke umtshato wabo wawungavumelekanga.  U-Valentine wayebanika aba batshati [[Intyatyambo|iintyatyambo]] awayezikha e[[Igadi|gadini]] yakhe. Yhiyo le nto  [[Intyatyambo|iintyatyambo]] zidlala indima enkulu ngosuku lwe-Valentine.  Oku akuzange kuthandwe yi-emperor. Kwathi kweyomDumba ngomhla [[Ishumi elinane|14]], ngomnyaka wama-269 AD (emva kokuba engasekho [[uYesu Kristu]]), u-Valentine watshutshiswa  ngenxa yenkolo yakhe yobukristu. Ukwanda kwetheko kudibanisa usuku lokufa kukaValentine ngombhiyozo wamaRoma i-Lupercalia. Kwakungumbhiyozo we-goddess Lupa, igama lobufazi kwi-wolf. Wayengumfazi Omkhulu we-Wolf owayegcine esonga abantwana ababengamawele, u-Romulus kunye no-Remus, abathi ekuhambeni kwexesha babaz[//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/founder iifounders] zeRome. Ngomsitho wonyaka, umshumayesli wasetempileni (i-lupae) waabhala amagama abo kwimiququmbelo ye-papyrus. Ezi ke zabonwa ngamatyendyana amadoda.  Emva komdlalo we-lotho, ulutsha lwahamba betyhutyha-tyhutyha isixeko lwaza lwafumana iintsikelelo  zabahlali. Ukutshutshiswa kweValentine kwaba yinkxaso emsulwa nenyulu yabantu abathandanayo. Nangoku kwi-Middle Ages, njengaseFransi okanye e-Belgium, abantu babechongwe yi-lottery ukuze bahlale kunye unyaka baza abantu bathandaza kuSaint Valentine ukuze benze izinto eziyakuvuselela imizwa kunye nezijekulo zothando. == E-United States eYurophu == Kwinkulungwane ye-[[Ishumi elinesithoba|19]],  isithethe sokuthumela amaKhadi eValentine siyaziwa kunjalo nje siyathandwa.  Amakhadi adla ngokuba nemifanekiso yeentliziyo okanye iintyatyambo ize ibenemibongwana, mimiyalezo, okanye iikhowudi. Iikhowudi nemiyalezwana inika inkuthazo kuba ibonakalisa eyona ndlela avakalelwa ngayo ngaloo mntu amthandayo.  Namhlanje, abanye abantu basasebenzisa iikhowudi ezimangalisayo ukubonakalisa uthando lwabo kubo.  Abantu basenokusebenzisa amaphepha-ndaba xa benikela memiyalezo yabo ekhowudiweyo kwabo babathandayo, babe ke ngoko banika abanye abafundi bamaphepha-ndaba uluvo ngothando  lwabantu ababini. Ngamanye amaxesha banikana iitshokholethi.  Ukwaziwa ngokubayintandane yamatheko kuba yi- ngoma yasentsomini ebizwa ngokuba yi"Die Vogelhochzeit" ("The Birds' Wedding" <nowiki>''</nowiki>Umtshato weentaka<nowiki>''</nowiki>). == ETshayina == ETshayina, iholide ebizwa ngokuba yiQi Xi kukwabizwa ngokuba yi"Chinese Valentine's Day" (Usuku lweValentine eTshayina), ingakumbi ulutsha. I-Qi Xi ibanjwa ngokwesithethe ngosuku lwesi-[[Sixhenxe|7]]  enyangeni kwikhalenda ye-lunar. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, kubonakale ngathi luya lusiba lusuku lweValentine nakwamanye amazwe.  == Ungafunda nalapha == <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> gdkgug7whyqn4iyy5ayb0nylklqojkr 0 4925 40688 34644 2026-06-12T07:23:10Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lexus_LF-A_Pic_2.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Imoto enguzitshintse luhlobo lwenqwelo mafutha ]] [[Imoto]]  ngumatshini wokuhambisa abantu nezinto nezinto Imoto akusinto iphilayo. Ihashe lingamlayisha limhambise umntu kwanezinye izinto, kodwa aliyomoto.  Ezinye iinqwelo mafutha zihamba emhlabeni.  Uninzi lwazo lunamavili.Imizekelo ziibhayisekile, iimoto, iimoto ezinamavili amathathu, kunye noololiwe.  ezinye iinqwelo mafutha zihamba emanzini. Imizekelo, zizikhephe, iinqanawa, kunye neesubmarines. Iinqwelo mafutha ezihamba esibhakabhakeni zibizwa ngokuba ziinqwelo moya. Imizekelo, z[[Inqwelo-ntaka|aiinqwelo ntaka]] akunye neebhaluni. Iinqwelo ntaka zisenokufumana i-propulsion power kumaziko ngamaziko.  * [[Abantu|Ezezihlunu zomzimba wabantu]]. Imizekelo, ziibhayikekile kunye neskateboards. * Iinjini. Imizekelo, zii-automobiles, iinqanawa, kunye neenqwelontaka.  <br> * Imibane. Imizekelo,  ngoololiwe  * Izilwanyana. imizekelo, ziicarts kunye neechariots. * Umoya. Imizekelo zii-sailboats kunye nee-iceboats. * Ezinye iinqwelo mafutha azinawo amandla e-propulsion. imizekelo, ziiglinders kunye neebhaluni. == Ezinye ii-Websites == bgd424l068prcwofeh8dk3qtx3gu9oj 0 4967 40798 38846 2026-06-12T08:44:44Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40798 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Makhanda.jpg|thumb|Makhanda ka Nxele]] =='''Ukuzalwa nempilo yakhe'''== [[File:REPATRIATION21.jpg|thumb|Makhanda (Nxele)]] * UMakhanda (ngamanye amaxesha obizwa Makana), okwabizwa ngokuba nguNxele (obelinxele) wayephila malunga nonyaka we-1790 ukuya kowe-1820. Wayelichule lenkokheli yemikhosi kwaXhosa, iciko, [[:en:Philosopher|isilumko]] negqirha lemfazwe. Wanceda uNdlambe ekuqinisekiseni inkxaso yakhe kumaRharhabe nasekoyiseni umtshana kaNdlambe, inkosi yama[[:en:Rharhabe|Rharhabe]] uNgqika kwimfazwe yamaLinde ngowe-1818. Athi ama[[:en:United_Kingdom|Britani]] xa engenelela kwicala lika '''Ngqika''', uMakhanda wakhokela uhlaselo ngamandla lweKoloni eyayiphantsi kolawulo lwamaBritani. ==<big>''Imvelaphi''</big>== * '''UMakhanda''' waye ngunyana kaBalala, [[:en:Khoikhoi|iqhakancu]] elalingathathi ntweni elalisebenzela umfama oliBhulu. Ezinye zendawo uMakhanda owayehlala kuzo ziquka iQhaqhiwa ekwisithili saseTinarha [[:en:Cape_Province|kwiPhondo lwaseKoloni]]. Ekuqaleni wayeyindoda mfazi mnye, ekuhambeni kwexesha uMakhanda waphela enabafazi abane. ==<big>'''Inkolo yakhe'''</big>== * [http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/struggle-icon-nxele-makana-drowns-while-escaping-robben-island UMakhanda], njengesithethi esinempembelelo, waqala ukuphangela njenge gqirha elalifuna ukuba nesiphiwo sokumazi uThixo ngaphezulu. Izifundo zobu[[:en:Christianity|Krestu]] zaba nomtsalane kuye, ingakumbi inkolo yokuvuka kwabafileyo. UMakhanda wayefuna ukulungelelanisa izifundo zobuKrestu kunye nemvelaphi eyayishunyayelwa [[:en:Christian_mission|ziimishinari]] zeseYurophu kwizifundo zase-[[:en:Africa|Afrika]] kwakunye nemvelaphi yazo njengokuchazwe kwiinkolo zesi[[:en:Xhosa_language|Xhosa]] nezama[[:en:Khoikhoi|Qhakancu]]. Njengamanye ama-Afrika amaninzi athe anomdla kwimfundiso zobuKrestu ngaphambi nasemva kwakhe, Waqala walandela ubuKrestu ngozondelelo, ekhuthaza '''[[:en:Rharhabe|amaRharhabe]]''' ukuba mabalahle ukusebenzisa ubugqi neemfazwe. ==<big>'''Indima yakhe ezifundweni zenkolo'''</big>== * Kufuphi kunyaka we-1812 uMakhanda wazibandakanya nabalandeli bakaNdlambe njenge Gqirha, uMncebisi noZanemvula waze wazuza ubutyebi. Xeshikweni ezibandakanya koluhambo iinjongo zakhe yayikukhangela ukuba abantu abamhlophe babewafumana phi na amandla okuziphindaphinda emvelo nalawo angaphezulu kwemvelo elizwe laseYurophu kwiKoloni. Waye watyondyotha '''ngezifundo zobufundisi''' kunye nezemvelaphi yehlabathi noMfundisi uVanderlingen owayenguMfundisi womkhosi eRhini kunye noJohn Read awayenguMvangeli wasentshona, labe inani labalandeli kunye nefuthe lakhe kuma[[:en:Rharhabe|Rharhabe]] lisanda. Ukuzothi ga kunyaka we-1816 wabona abavangeli base Ntshona njengabantu abasebenzela injongo enye. * <br /> Kuthe ngomnyaka we-1816 kwaqala kwakho utshintsho kubudlelwane phakathi kwakhe nabantu abamhlophe kunye nemishinari. UMakhanda wayezibona njengomntu onesipho esahlukileyo, kwaye wayeziva engamkelekanga kwimishinari. Waqala ubeka uxanduva olukhulu kwizithethe neenkolelo zaseAfrika [https://www.pewforum.org/2010/04/15/traditional-african-religious-beliefs-and-practices-islam-and-christianity-in-sub-saharan-africa/]. Ngokuhlanganisa amava akhe ezithethe kunye neenkolelo, uye wenza ingxelo ecacileyo, ecacisa ingxabano phakathi kwamaAfrika naba seYurophu [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507110841/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/11617720/definition.html]. * <br /> Uguqule impixano eyayivela phakathi kwabaseNtshona kunye namaAfrika ngendlela ababembona ngayo uThixo, uthixo wabamhlophe kunye noMdaliphu uthixo wabanyama. Abamhlophe bambulala unyana wothixo wabo njenge singqinisekiso sokubethelelwa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni. Yilonto abantu abamhlophe bagxothwa kumazwe abo babekwa embindini wamanzi apho bathe baphelela eMzantsi Afrika ukuza koyisa nokuxutha umhlaba kubantu abamnyama kodwa uMdalidiphu waye nguThixo onamandla owayenceda abantu abamnyama ukubuyisela abamhlophe apho basuka khona. UMdaliphu wabacebisa ukuba banqule ngokuxhentsa, ukonwabela ubomi, ukwenza uthando ukuze baqhame bawuzalise umhlaba. ==<big>'''Ukungevani koMakhanda noNgqika'''</big>== Emandleni efuthe lika[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhanda_%28prophet%29 Makhanda], njengamcebisi ka[https://web.archive.org/web/20160505212700/http://missmillib.co.za/a-genealogy-of-the-xhosa-and-the-first-encounters-with-the-europeans/ Ndlambe], wancedisa ekubumbeni abantu ukuze balwe ngokuchasene noNgqika owayengumxhasi wekoloniyali. UNgqika wayesaziwa ngokuthanda utywala, yaye babemchasile ngokwenza umbulo no[http://contentpro.seals.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemPdfViewerPage.external?id=7701461407437500&itemId=1007419&lang=eng&file=%2Fiii%2Fcpro%2Fapp%3Fid%3D7701461407437500%26itemId%3D1007419%26lang%3Deng%26nopassword%3Dtrue%26service%3Dblob%26suite%3Ddef#locale=eng&gridView=true Thuthula] owayengumfazi omncinci kaNdlambe, njengoko wayengumtya nethunga namaBritani kwiphondo. Oko kwamenza onyeliseke ekuthwaleni igugu lamaRharhabe. Ngaphandle koko, uMakhanda wayemthiyile uNgqika kuba wayengumboneleli kutshaba lwakhe elalisisilumko nengcali kwezeLizwi, u[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607204945/http://dacb.org/stories/southafrica/ntsikana_gaba.html Ntsikana]. ==<big>'''Ukubhukuqwa kwabalandeli bakaNgqika''' </big>== Umanyano oluxhasa u[[w:en:WPhttps://www.geni.com/people/Ndlambe/6000000014480940467| Ndlambe]] lwaluquke u[[w:en:WPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gcaleka| Gcaleka]] phantsi komyalelo ka[[w:en:WPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hintsa_kaKhawuta| Hintsa]]. Ngenyanga yeDwarha ngonyaka we-1818 abalandeli baka[[w:en:WPhttps://www.geni.com/people/Ngqika/6000000014480869867| Ngqika]] balukuhlwa ngaphandle kwenqaba yabo yokuzikhusela kumathafa ase[[w:en:WPhttp://samilitaryhistory.org/vol135hk.html| Amalinde]] nakwimfazwe yakhona eyalandela, iilahleko ezinkulu yayi zizenzo kubalandeli bakaNgqika. 89sbzy0zwny8bisz1p5kkpv48ioj9qo 0 4973 40706 29399 2026-06-12T07:40:27Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 linked to a page 40706 wikitext text/x-wiki =Ukufika kweecawa e[[maZantsi e-Afrika]]= Ngaphandle kwehlelo lase Moravia elafika eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka-1736, elona hlelo le[[icawa|tyalike]] elafika kuqala apha emaXhoseni leli laseRhabe, kuba umfundisi walo wokuqalo uNyengane [[(UmFundisi uJohn Thodosius van der Kemp. M.D)]] wafika ngonyaka ka-1799. Emva koko kulandele ama[[Icawa yaseWesile|Wesile]] ngonyaka ka-1815, ngokufika komfundisi uBarnabas Shaw owaya e-Little Namaqualand (kwelamaQwelane). Oyena mfundisi wamaWesile owafika kuqala kwelasemaXhoseni, ngumFundisi u-William Shaw ngonyaka ka-1820. Intshumayelo yakhe yokuqala wayishumayela eRhini, endlwini kaSeargent-Mayor Lucas. Emva kwamawesile kulandele amaTshetshi kwangonyaka ka-1820. Abafundisi abo basetshetshi baathunyelwa ngumbutho owawusaziwa ngokuba yi-S.P.G [[(Society of the propagation of gospel)]]. Emva kwayo kwalandela i-i.U.P [[(United Presbyterian}]] eyathumela umFundisi [[uWilliam Chalmers]], umfundisi wayo wokuqala, ngonyaka ka-1821. UmFundisi [[UTito Soga|Tiyo Soga]] waafunda phantsi komfundisi uWilliam Chalmers lowo. Kwangawo loo nyaka yaqala i-Free Church (kwango-1821) ngokuthumela abafundisi umnumzana uThomson nomnumzana uBennie, abafundisi bokuqala. Kulandele iFrench mission eLusuthu [[(Basutoland)]] ngonyaka ka-1833. Emva kwayo kulandele amaLutha [[(Lutherans)]], ngonyaka ka-1834; neBerlin Mission kwango-1834 lowo. Iiprimitive [https://methodist.org.za/ Methodists] ziqale ngo-1870; iBaptists zona zaqala ngo-1879; amaSalvation wona aqala ngo-1887. Baqonda ke [[abafundi|abalesi]] okokuba kungenxa yokokuba kufikwe kuqala kweli lasemaXhoseni okwabanga ukuba eli Hlelo laseRhabe laziwe kakhulu kumaziko eenkosi zamaXhosa. Lelona Hlelo lamkelwayo ziinkosi zamaXhosa, kwathiwa yoba yeyona tyalike y[[amaRharhabe]]. Bathe abantu bebala (amaLawu) ngokunqatyelwa bubude beli gama lithi Rharhabe, asele esithi, "Rabe kerk," oko kukuthi ityalike ka"Rharhabe," yamaRhabe. Yhiyo loo tyalike ke le kuthiwa ngoku yiDipente." ==Abo beFundisi bafika belandelelana ngolu hlobo== ==== Ngo-1799:UmFundisi uJohn T. van der Kemp, M.D ==== Waafika kwelasemaXhoseni ngomhla we-10 kweyeKhala. Ngomhla we-14 kweka-Canzibe ngonyaka ka-1801 wenjenjeya ukuya eRhafu. Akaphozisanga maseko, ngonyaka ka-1803 umise isikolo sase-[[Bethelsdorp]]. Waabhubhela eKapa ngonyaka ka-1811. ===Ngo-1799. UmFundisi John kitcherer=== Lo waaba ngumfundisi wokuqala kubaThwa (Bushmen), waawela igqili, waqala umsebenzi phakathi kwamaGriqua. Nonyaka ka-1803 uwele wabuyela emva Phesheya koLwandle ehamba namaLawu amathathu aguqukileyo. ===Ngo-1800. UmFundisi uJames Read=== Waaqala umsebenzi eKuruman, waamisa isikolo samaLawu eKatala, ngo-1829. emva koko wawela waya Phesheya kunye namadodana amaLawu amabini aguqukileyo. Ubhubhele eMpofu ngemfazwe kaMlanjeni (Ngonyaka ka-1852). ===Ngo-1800. UmFundisi uWilliam Anderson=== Waamisa isikolo samaGriqua phesheya kweGqili ngonyaka ka-1801; uye ePacaltsdorp apho wafika wamisa isikolo ngonyaka ka-1821, waza wathi igama laso yiPacaltsdorp, esithiya ngomFundisi uCarl Pacalt owaqala umsebenzi kweso sithili ngonyaka ka-1813. ===Ngo-1805. UmFundisi uJohn G. Ullbright=== Waamisa isikolo saseTapolisi (Theopolis) ngonyaka ka-1814. ===Ngo-1816. Umfundisi uJoseph Williams (UVelidyam)=== Waafika waqala umsebenzi ngaseKatala ngonyaka ka-1818. Waabhubha wangcwatyelwa ngaseGqugesi. ===Ngo-1817. UmFundisi okwangugqirha uRobert Moffat=== Waamisa isikolo phakathi kwamatshwana (Bechuanas). Waaguqula iTestamente yokuqala yesiTshwana (ngonyaka ka-1939), waza wayiguqula yonke ibhayibhile yesiTshwana ngonyaka ka-1857. Waya kwaMzilikazi ngonyaka ka-1854, wathi kwangaloo ka-1857 waya nakwelamaNdebele. ===Ngo-1817. Umfundisi uJohn Brownlee=== Waafika wamisa isikolo phakathi kwamaTshatshu (i-Brownlee station) ngonyaka ka-1826. Kuthe ngonyaka ka-1835, satshiswa ngoondiyalwa ngenfazwe kaHintsa, waza yena wabaleka komkhulu waya kwa-Phatho. Lithe lakuxola wabuyela kwaseGqubeni, koko sibuye satshiswa isikolo sakhe kwakhona ngemfazwe yeZembe eyayingonyaka ka1816. Ubalekele eNgqushwa. Waabuyela kwasenxiweni ngonyaka ka1848, wahlala wada wabhubhela eQonce ngonyaka ka-1871. ===Ngo-1819. UmFundisi uJohn Phillip, D.D=== Waamiselwa ukuba abe ngumongameli weetyalike zaseRhabe ezikwelasemaXhoseni.Emva kwemfazwe kaHintsa eyayingo-1836, waawela nonyana kaNgcongolo omdala (uJames Read junr.), owayesiya kufunda esikolweni Phesheya. Uwele noJan Tshatshu (inkosi yamaNtinde), no-Andries Stoffles iLawu laseKatala. Ubuye Phesheya nomfundisi u-G. Schreimer, noJan Tshatshu. Ubhubhele eHankey ngo-1851. ===Ngo-1823. UmFundisi u-Adam Robson=== Waafika waqala umsebenzi eBhayi apho afele khona ngo-1870. Wayengumfundisi wamaBhastile. ===Ngo-1823. UmFundisi uRogers Edwarts=== Waafika waya kusebenza e-Pacaltsdorp. Weesuka apho wayakusebenza eThapholisi (Theopolis); wesuka apho naanko esiya eKuruman, wathi ukugqibela wabuyela eBhayi apho waqala khona ibandla leskikhumbuzo sikaEdwards(i-Edward's Memorial Church), bandla elo lalilibandla laserhabe ngonyaka ka-1856. waabhubhela khoba ngo-1876. ===Ngo-1827. UmFundisi uFrederick Gottlieb Kayser=== Waafika ngalo nyaka umFundisi lo, uGqadushe omdala owamisa le tyalike yaseRhabe iseXesi ngowe-1836. Waabhubhela khona ngomhla we-13 kuCanzibe ngowe-1868. ===UmFundisi Geo. A. Kolbe=== Waqala umsebenzi kumlambo weKhaledon (Caledon Rive). ===1837. UmFundisi uJames Read=== Lo ngunyana kaNgcongolo omdala. Waya kuthabatha indawo kayise eKatala. Waabhubhela khona ngo-1894. ===UmFundisi uGottlieb Schreimer=== Waqala umsebenzi ePhilipois. Emva koko uthunyelwe eThaba-Nchu, eLusuthu. Ngo-1846, waya kungena kwiHlelo lamaWesile. [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika]] jjewslhf2f32ca4ehe7v73b2g22fzd3 0 4974 40818 37580 2026-06-12T09:27:48Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40818 wikitext text/x-wiki iNkosikazi uNontsikelelo Albertina "Ma" Sisulu''' (21 Dwarha 1918 - [[2]] Silimela 2011) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekulweni ingcinezelo, nokwangumhlolokazi wegqala lomzabalazo uMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umzabalazo weli loMzantsi Afrika udale iinkokheli ezibonakalise ukukhalipha nokuzimisela okubalaseleyo ekujonganeni nenkohlakalo yentshutshiso. == '''Ukuphuma kwelanga''' == # '''UNontsikelelo Albetina Sisulu''' (21 kweyeDwarha 1918- 2 kweyeSilimela 2011) wayengummi waseMzantsi Afrika ekwalitshantliziyo elichasene nengcinezelo, wayengunkosikazi welinye itshantliziyo lomzabalazo uWalter Sisulu (1912-2003). Ngothando olukhulu wayesaziwa ngoMa Sisula ubomi bakhe bonke luluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2004 wavotelwa njengomntu wamashumi amahlanu kuluhlu lwabantu abaphambili ku-SABC 3 Great South Africans. Wasutywa kukufa ngo-2011 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngomhla we-2, kwikhaya lakhe eLeiden, eGoli, eMzantsi Afrika eneminyaka engama-92.v # Wazalwa enguNontsikelelo Thethiwe kumandla [[:en:Tsomo|waseTsomo]] phesheya kweNciba. Wayengumntwana wesibini kubantwana bakaBonilizwe noMonikazi Thethiwe. Umama kaSisulu wasinda kumkhuhlane wawubizwa njenge-[[:en:1918_flu_pandemic|Spanish Flu]], kodwa wayesoloko egula ebuthathaka ngenxa yawo. Njengomafungwashe wekhaya, kwanyanzeleka ukuba uSisulu adlale indima kamama wakhe kubantwana bakokwabo. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba akhe athi xha esikolweni amatyeli aluthotho, into eyabangela ukokokuba abemdala ngeminyaka emibini kwabanye abafundi bebanga lakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Wazithathela igama elinguAlbertina xa wayeqala ukufunda ePresbetyrian Mission School, eXolobe. # '''Imfundo''' # Izakhono zakhe zobunkokheli, nenimba wayenayo zazibethelela intlonipho awayizuza ngexesha lomzabalazo xa wayebizwa ngomama wesizwe. USisulu wabalasela esikolweni kwimidlalo kwakunye nemidlalo yenkcubeko, wabonisa iimpawu zobunkokheli eselula xa wayechongwa njenge ntloko yabafundi ekwibanga lesi-7. Ukubamdala kwakhe kwabanye abafundi bebanga lakhe kwakungabonakalisi kumtheza mandla ngexesha wayegqibezela iziundo zakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, ekuhambeni kwexesha wangenelela ukhuphiswano lokuphumelela iminyaka emine yokufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Iminyaka yakhe yamdlelindlala kuba wakhiqwa nangona wayephumelele indawo yokuqala. Ngenxa yale mpathombi, ootitshala bakaSisulu babanomsindo kakhulu, ngoba olu khuphiswano zange lubeke migaqo yeminyaka kubangeneleli. Babhalela iphepha-ndaba lasekuhlaleni elibizwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20180611020317/http://nhmsa.co.za/news/imvo-zabantsundu-a-brief-history/ nge-Imvo Zabantsundu] ngale mpatho igwenxa kaSisulu, besithi lo kaSisulu makalifumane eliwonga ngoba nguye ophumelele indawo yokuqala. Eli nqaku latsala amehlo abefundisi baseRoma abayebanxibelelana nomfundisi uBernard Huss kwiCollege yaseMariazell. Usapho lwakwaMnyila lwavuya, lwabhiyozela impumelelo kaSisulu, nabantu belali yonke, uSisulu ukhumbula ukuba lowo wayebukele wayenokugqiba kwelithi loo msitho yayingumtshato. # Ngo-1936 uSisulu wasingisa eMariazell College eMatatiyela, eMpuma Koloni kwaye nangona wayenovalo wayekwanayo nemincili yokuba yena, intombi yaseXolobe ingummeli wabafundi eMariazell. Inkqubo yesikolo yayiluqilima kwaye ingaguquguquki, abafundi babevuswa ngentsimbi yesi-4 (ngonyezi) ukuba bayokuhlamba bandule ngokuya ukuyakucoca iindawo zabo zokuhlala, emveni koko babesiya kwindawo yokuthandaza besiya kumthandazo wakusasa. Nangona isibonelelo sokufunda sikaSisulu sasihlawulela ukuhlala kwakhe esikolweni ngexesha lokufunda kwakunye nangexesha lee holide, kwakunyanzelekile ukuba ayibuyekeze loo nto ngokuthi ahlwayele kwiindawo zolimo, aphinde kananjalo asebenze kwigumbi lokuhlamba iimpahla. USisulu wayegoduka ngeeholide zenyanga yoMnga(December) kuphela kodwa loo nto wayeyibona njengento enganamsebenzi xa eyithelekisa kwakunye nethuba lokuba afunde kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. # Xa isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sisiya emaphethelweni ngomnyaka we-1939 uSisulu kwakumele athabathe isigqibo sokuba uzakwenza ntoni emva kwaso. Wathabatha isigqibo sokuba angazimanyi ngeqhina lomtshato koko abengumsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo ukwenzela abenokukwazi ukuxhasa usapho lwakhe emv` ekhay` eXholobe. Ngexesha wayeseMariazelle ngalo uSisulu, waye waguqukela kwinkolo yobuKatoliki, njengoko wayegqibe kwelokuba angatshati, waye wathabatha isigqibo sokuba ngunongendi ngenxeni yokuthabatheka kwakhe yindlela oonongendi ababehlohla ngayo kwesi sikolo babezinikele ngayo kumsebenzi wabo. Noxa kwakunjalo, uTat' uHuss waye wamcebisa ngokuchaseneyo neso sigqibo, ngesizathu sokuba abo babehlohla bengonongendi babengahlawulwa ngomsebenzi wabo yaye xa sele beqalile babengakwazi ukusishiya eso sikhundla saseMishini, lilonke uSisulu wayengazukwazi ukuxhasa usapho lwakhe njengoko wayenqwena. Koko uTat` uHussy waye wamcebisa ukuba asel` iso indaba yokubanguMongikazi, ngesizathu sokuba abo babephantsi koqeqesho lobongikazi babehlawulwa ukuze bafunde. Etsalwe umdla kukubona isisombululo esiphathekayo sinekezwa siskolo sobongikazi uSisulu wayithabatha loongcebiso waze wafaka izicelo zokufunda kwizikolo zobumongikazi eziluthotho. Waye wamkelwa njengomongikazi ophantsi koqeqesho eRhawutini kwisibhedlele esingenabudlelwana kwakunye neYurophu. Emveni kokudla inyibidyala nosapho lwakhe eXolobe wasinga eRhawutini kweyoMqungu ngomnyaka we-1940. # Emveni kokubayinkedama ngexesha esanda kudlula kwixabiso lokufikisa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba adlale indima yokubangumzali, koodade wabo naku banakwabo abancinci. Xa waye wathatha isigqibo sokubeka phantsi iinjongo zakhe zokuxelenga njengomfundisi-ntsapho, wayishiya [[I-Transkei|iTranskei]] esiya kuxelenga njengomongikazi kwisibhedlele saseGoli, iNon-European Hospital ngonyaka we-1940, kuba oomongikazi babesamkela umrholo ngeloxesha. # Wathweswa isidanga eMariazell College ngonyaka we-1939, waye wakhetha ikhondo lobumongikazi. USisulu waqala ukusebenza eGoli njengombelekisi ngonyaka we- 1946, emane enyuka esihla endwendwela izigulana kwiilokishi. “Uyayazi kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumbelekisi? Kufuneka uthwale ityesi egcwele amakhoba/iibhotile, izithambisi ozakuzisebenzisa, izitya kunye nezamkeli, kwaye sasidlangokuzithwala ezo tyesi entloko,” utsho uSisulu. # '''Ubomi bakhe''' # USisulu wadibana [[:en:Walter_Sisulu|noWalter Sisulu]] ngonyaka ka-1941, esebenza kwisibhedlele saseGoli, ngeloxesha uWalter Sisulu wayengumpolitiki oselula. Abakwa Sisulu- igqwetha nomongikazi- bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato ngonyaka we-1944, kumsitho apho [[Nelson Mandela|uNelson Mandela]] wayengumkhaphi khona. Apho kwakukho [[:en:Anton_Lembede|noAnton Lembede]], [[:en:Evelyn_Mase|noEvelyn Mase]]. Eso sibini sasinabantwana abahlanu, uMax Vuyisile, uMlungisi, uZwelakhe uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, abanye abane ababesuka kwikhaya lembhedlenge, omnye wabo uBeryl Sisulu, wasebenza ngengommeli-sizwe ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika ukuya eNorway. # Babetshate iminyaka eyi-59, wade wasutywa kukufa utata uSisulu, ezandleni zomfazi wake ngeyeDwarha ngonyaka ka-2003 eneminyaka eyi-90. USisulu wathi ngomtshato wakhe: “Ndaxelelwa ukuba nditshata nompolitiki kwaye akhukho manyano, okanye enye into enjalo.” Kodwa emgcwabeni wakhe umzukulwana wabo wafunda intyatyambo ezazibhalwe nguSisulu. “Walter ndenza ntoni ngaphandle kwakho? Ndandivukela wena ekuseni, ndiphilela wena. Wathathwa ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo okokuqala, kodwa ndandisazi ukuba uzakubuyela kum. Ukufa okungena lusini kukuthathile kwashiya indawo yakho entliziyweni yam.” # Umyeni wakhe, uWalter Sisulu wafunyanwa enetyala lokubhukuqa umbuso, kodwa akazange asifumane isigwebo sentambo. Wahlala iminyaka eyi-25 eluvalelweni [[Robben Island|eRobben Island]] ekunye noNelson Mandela owamfaka kwiqela [[:en:African_National_Congress|le-ANC]]. Ngeli xesha umyeni wakhe eseRobben Island, uSisulu wayekhulisa abantwana babo aba-5 eyedwa. Wahlala inyanga ezithile entologweni, kwaze kwancitshiswa indawo ebenokuhamba kuzo. # USisulu wawa evuka ezamela ukuba abantwana bakhe bafumane imfundo kwizikolo ezisemgangatheni eSwaziland ezama ukubasusa kwimfundo eyayisilela [[:en:Bantu_Education|iBantu Education System]]. Uninzi lwabantwana bakwaSisulu babazinkokheli zoMzantsi Afrika ekhululekileyo. UMax Sisulu usisithethi kwinkundla yesizwe, uMlungisi Sisulu ngumongameli [https://www.givengain.com/c/wspcf/about/ we-Walter Sisulu pedietric Cardiac Foundation] nosihlalo we-Arup Africa. Intombi abayamkela njengeyabo uBeryl Sisulu ngummeli-siwe woMzantsi Afrika eNorway, uLindiwe Sisulu ukusuka ngonyaka wama-2009 ukuya kowama-2012 wayengu mgqongqoshe kwezokhuselo, uZwelakhe Sisulu (owasweleka ngonyaka wama-2012 kwinyanga yeDwarha ngomhla wesine). Waye ngusomashishini ophume izandla. # Umolokazana [[:en:Elinor_Sisulu|uElinor Sisulu]], otshate noMax, ngumbhali netshantliziyo lamalungelo abantu elaziwayo. Ngonyaka wama-2000, usapho lwazisa uluntu ukuba unyana wabo uGerald Lockman, wasweleka ngenxa yesifo ugawulayo. Ubomi bakhe bubaliswe kwimbali ngumolokazana uElinor Sisulu, Walter noAlbertina Sisulu: Ngexesha lethu. # U- Albertina Sisulu ube phambili kumzabalazo phantse isiqingatha sonke senkulungwane esilwa inkohlakalo nentshutshiso yenqala, eyeyibangelwa lulawulo ngokobuhlanga. Akabanga ngumzekelo ophilayo nje kumoya wentshukumo yenkululeko, kodwa kwindima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabafazi kuwo. # U- Albertina wabangomye woomama ababekhokele amawaka amanina awayesingisele kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli, ngexesha le-Women’s March eyindumasi. UAlbertina wazalelwa Phesha-KweNciba ngomnyaka wama-1918. Kwimpilo kamama wakhe eyayingentle, uAlbertina owayeneminyaka elishumi elinanye wayalelwa nguyise owayesele elele kwikhuko lakhe lokufa ukuba aze ajonge abanakwabo kunye noodade bakhe. # U- Albertina wayenezicwangciso zokuba nguNongendi, kodwa endaweni yoko waphela egqiba ekubeni abe ngumongikazi ukuze ukubhatala izifundo zabantakwabo. Ngomnyaka wama- 1944 waye wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kunye noMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umyeni wakhe wamkhuthaza ekubeni azibandakanye nezopolitiko nasekuncedeni uluntu. Njengomongikazi wayila ucwangciso-ntsapho kummandla wase-Orlando. # Uthe ngomnyaka wama -1955 wazibandakanya nombutho we – A.N.C Women’s League. Ngomnyaka wama – 1956 u-Albetina ekunye noLilian Ngoyi, u-Helen Joseph kunye no-Amila Cachalia, bakhokela amawaka amanina ukusingisela kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli ngexesha le Women’s March eyindumasi, eyayichasene noluntu oluntsundu ekunyanzelisweni ukuba luphathe amapasi. # Wayengomnye wabaseki bombutho i- United Democratic Movement, I - U.D.M ngamafutshane. Mhla umyeni wakhe wonyulwa njengonobhala jikelele wokuqala weqela le -African National Congress, i - A.N.C ngamafutshane, u – Albertina waba ngumondli – ntsapho.Wayekwalilo neqhagamshela leenkokheli ze – A.N.C kunye nezo zaziselubhacweni. Amapolisa okhuselo ayembandezela rhoqo, kwaye ethintelwa, agwetyelwe ukuhlala ngendlu okanye avalelwe entolongweni, maxesha wambi avalelwe yedwa. # Abakwa Sisulu balizwa ngabantwana abahlanu; u-Max, uLungi, uZwelakhe, uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, nabantwana abathathu ababamnkela njengababo. Aba ke ngabantwana bodadeka – Walter; u- Gerald, u- Beryl kunye no- Samuel, udade ka- Walter wakhula evana kakhulu no – Walter ngexa wayeseluvalelweni e – Robben Island. # Bonke abantwana babo bakhulele endlwini yabo eyayiseSoweto. Baye bafudukela endlwini entsha eyayise- Linden, eRhawutini kwiminyaka emine nje phambi kokusweleka kuka tata u- Walter, U- Albertina wayigqithisela kubantwana babo imbophelelo yakhe kumzabalazo. Unyana wabo omkhulu u- Max wabanjwa eneminyaka eli- 17, waya elubhacweni emva kokubanjwa kukayise e- Rivonia ngomnyaka wama- 1963. # Umntakwabo uZwelakhe wabandakanyeka kupapasho lwe- New Nation eyayisele inyinwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Naye wakhe wabanjwa iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwengxoxo yetyala lakhe. Sele iyiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu u- Albertina wazibophelela kwi- Albertina Sisulu Foundation egxile kwimiceli-mngeni abantwana nabantu abadala abajongene nayo. Waye wahlonitshwa ngokuzinikela kwakhe kumzabalazo owawuchasene nocalu-calulo kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo-ntle phakathi koomama kunye nabantwana, mhla i- World Peace Council yase- Basel, e- Switzerland yamonyula njengo mongameli wayo. # Ngomnyaka wama- 2002 umolokazana wakhe u- Ellinor Sisulu washicilela ibali ngobomi babazali bomyeni wakhe, eyathiywa ngesihloko esithi, “Walter & Albertina Sisulu – In Our Lifetime” apho achaza khona ibali lesi sibini sibalaseleyo. Umama uSisulu wasweleka ngequbuliso ekhayeni lakhe elise – Linden, eRhawutini eneminyaka engama- 92 ngomhla we – 2 KweyeSilimela ngomyaka wama- 2011. # {{Commons category|Albertina Sisulu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sisulu, Albertina}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 3tgy3tgh9r05g0tiusbemfgw38152yw 0 4975 40796 32735 2026-06-12T08:40:36Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40796 wikitext text/x-wiki * '''Eli libali''' elikwingqokolela yamabali esiXhosa eyenziwa ngu-W.B. Rhubusana yaza yapapashwa ngo-1906. URhubusana wayengumFundisi wehlelo laseRhabe ngoko. Ngenxa yokokuba ibhalwe ngombhalo wamandulo (Previous Standard Orthography)ongenakuqondwa ngokupheleleyo ngabantu banamhlanje, apha kwenziwa iinzame zokokuba ibhalwe ngohlobo olunokuqondwa ngcono. Zingakho ke iziphene apha emibhalweni, singazilungisa lula apha kwi-Wikipedia. ='''''ESONA SIZATHU SOKUXHELWA KWEENKOMO NGONONGQAWUSE'''''= * KwaGcaleka, eziThenjini, kwesikaMnzabele ngomnyaka we-1856, amantombazana amabini, aahamba aya kulinda iintaka emasimini, igama lentombazana yokuqala yayinguNongqawuse intokazi kaMhlakaza, ihamba kunye nenye eyayingumtshana. Aathi akufika emlanjeni ekuthiwa kuseKhamangeni, kwafika amadoda amabini kuwo, athi, "Maze nisibulisele emakhaya nithi singoonantsi" (atsho akaxela amagama awo). Amagama azibiza ngawo laa madoda asuka angamagama abantu abafa kudala. Athe, "Noxela ukuba umzi uza kuvuka wonke ekufeni, zenithi neenkomo ezi zikhoyo mazixhelwe zonke kuba zifuywe ngezandla ezingcolileyo, kuba abantu baphethe ubuthi." "Ize nithi makungalinywa, makumbiwe izisele ezikhulu ezitsha, kwakhiwe nezindlu ezikwantsha; kubiywe iingqili ezinkulu zeentlanti, kusikwe iintsuba, kulukwe neengcango [[''zobuka'']] zibe ninzi. Abantu mababulahle ngokwabo ubuthi, bangade bambululwe ngamagqirha. Zenitsho kubo nithi zitsho njalo iinkosi uNaphakade into kaSifubasibanzi." Athi akufika ekhaya amantombazana aziphalaza ezi indaba, ngelishwa abazange ba[[ukuphulaphula|phulaphulwe]] okanye bamanyelwe mntu. Kwasuka kwahlekiswa ngawo laa mantombazana. Ngakusa baphindela ekuphangeleni iintaka. Kwalile ethubeni, babuya bafika aba bantu, babuza okokuba babaxelele na abantu ekhaya, nokuba kufike kwathiwani na? Aaxela amantombazana okokuba loo nto ifike yayinto yokuhlekisa, ayaphulaphulwa mntu. Kusuke kwathiwa ngabantu sithetha iintsomi. Le nto yayikhe yehla echwebeni leGxarha kwaGcaleka. La madoda athi, ize nithi kubantu abakhulu mababize zonke iinkosi zakwaGcaleka, zakwaThatho, zakwaGqika, nezasemaGqunukhwebeni, bayixele kuzo le nto. Kuse uMhlakaza namanye amadoda besiya emasimini ngelifuna ukuba la madoda athethe nabo, asuka la madoda akavela. Amana ethetha, engabonakali, eviwa nguNongqawuse nentombazana leyo kuphela, waye uNongqawuse emana etolikela amadoda lawo into ethethwa kuye zezo ''zithunzela''. Zathi, "Xelela amadoda lawo ukuba aye kuhlanganisa iinkosi, eze nazo kuthi apha ukuze sivele." Kuyiwe ke komkhulu kwaRhili, eHohita, kuloGojela kwabikwa esi simanga sixelwa yintombazana yakwaMhlakaza. URhili ususe uBhotomani, inkosana, ukuba ikhe iye kuyiqonda le nto ngokwayo. Uthe akufika apho, la madoda akavela tu. URhili ususe izigijimi zokuya kubika enkosini, ukuba kukho abantu abaviwe yintombazana kaMhlakaza besithi makubizwe zonke iinkosi zize kuhlangana neyabo inkosi uNaphakade kaSifubasibanzi echwebeni leGxarha. KwaThatho kwesuswa uMarhamnco into kaFadana ihamba noShwele into kaZozi. KuMandungwana kususwe uDlulaze into kaQhwesha ezalana noNdarhala. KumaTshutshu kususwe uMpheke into yaseMamfeneni. KwaNgqika kwasuswa uNamba into enkulu kaMaqoma. KwaGcaleka yaba nguRhili noLindinxiwa iinto zikaHintsa, noNgubo into kaMalashe, noNxito iinto zikaLutshaba. KwaNdlambe kwesuswa uNowawe into kaPhatho. Yonke loo mpi yaasinga eGxarha kwaMhlakaza. Kufikiwe khona ithe intetho, uthi unongqawuse impi mayihlelwe eya kuya nchwebeni elo leGxarha, ize loo mpi iyayo ikholise ngeenkosi. Okunene kweenziwa njalo. Kwathi kuba abantu benendawo enoloyiko, bathi xa kanye baya kuloo mfula wekhamangabasuka boma imiqala, banonxano, baye bekhokhelwe nguNongqawuse enze izazobe ngembola. Bavakele abanxaniweyo besithi, -"Angasela na umntu onxaniweyo? Uthe unongqawuse,-"Osukuba engenabo ubuthi angasela angoyikeli nto." Yesuka apho into kaPhato, uDilima igorha elikhulu, wayithi tya phaya ingubo yakhe wanqwila wasela. Awa ngokuwa amabandla kaNomagwayi easeMbo. ==Umbono owehlayo== Kuthe kusenjalo kwavakala kudilika amatye amakhulu eweni elisemantloko eKhamanga, asuka amadoda afakana imilomo, aye esoyika nokoyika ukungathi kukho nto iza kuqhuqhumba kweli liwa. Bathe besathe nqadalala yiloo nto yavakala intombazana isithi, "Khanibhekise amehlo enu elwandle "-Bathe bakuqwalasela emanzin'olwandle, kwanga kukho abantu okunene, kwanga kukhonya neenkunzi zeenkomo, kwaneenkabi, yasisibaba esimnyama esimana sibuyabuya sada sabuya semka, saya kutshonela kwaselundini phaya lwamaza olwandle; baqala ke bakholwa bonke abantu. ==Intetho Yesibiba== Loo mkhosi uselwandle awudange uphume usondele ezinkosini ezo, nentetho yawo ayizange iviwe mntu ngaphandle koNongqawuse. uthe ke wakumka, wathi uNongqawuse-"Iinkosi eziya zithi, godukani niye kuxhela zonke iinkomo, kungabikho nto niyifuyayo iziinkomo, ukuze uvuko lukhawuleze. Ze ningalimi, yimbani izisele ezikhulu nezitsha, niyakubona sezigcwele kukutya okutsha. Yakhani izindlu ezintsha, nenze iingcango ezininzi ngobuka, nize nizivalele ezindlwini, kuba ngosuku lwesibhozo, mhla uzayo umzi nenkosi uNaphakade kaSifuba-Sibanzi, zonke izilo zehlabathi nezemilambo, neenyoka, ziyakuba zizibhadu-bhadu kulo lonke ilizwe. Ize kanjalo nikudimbaze/nikubize ukutya okuseziseleni niye kukulahla. Ukuze nisinde ize nivale ngeengcango ezininzi, niqamangele ukubophelela nilahle bonke ubuthi." ==Enye iNkosi== Uthe kukho nenye inkosi, ekhwela kwihashe elingwevu, egama linguNgwevu, elinye nguSathana, wonke umntu ongazixhelanga zonke iinkomo zakhe uyakuba ngumntu waloo nkosi inguSathana. Loo mntu akayi kububona ubungcwalisa beyethu inkosi uNaphakade kaSifuba-Sibanzi. Naso ke esona sizathu esabangela okokuba zixhelwe iinkomo ngo-1856 de kwangu-1857. ==Ukuvela kukaNonkosi== Kuthe kusenjalo kwavela enye intombaza kaNkwitshi intwazana yaseMakhwemteni, kwaNdlambe, ngaseMpongo, egama linguNonkosi. intetho yayo yayiyenye nekaNongqawuse. Ibithatha abantu ibase echibini elaliseMpongo. Babesithi bakufika apho suke babone abakhwetha betshila kuloo manzi echibi. Babesiva ngathi kubethwa ingqongqo, kubengathi kuvunywa nemiyiyizelo, kusombelelwa abo abakhwetha. Abantu baahiliteka bade bathi babone neempondo zeenkomo zivelile, bakuva nokunxakama kweendlezana zeenkomo, nokukhonkotha kwezinja, nokumemelela kwabasengi. ==umthetho wenkosi== Zithe ke iinkosi zakuba zibuyele ngeendawo zazo, zafika zabutha okanye zaqokolela amaphakathi zayishumayela le nto yokuvuka ''kw[[Abantu abakwelemimoya|amanyange]]'', namhla sel'ematsha, nokuvuka kwazo zonke iinkomo eziya kuxhelwa nezafa kudala. Wayethe uNongqawuse aze athi umntu othe wayixhela, wayenza isimawusi inkomo yakhe, awuqashe umphefumlo wayo, ukuze ithi mhla yavuka ivukele yena, ibe yeyakhe. Waahambisa wathi bonke abangaxhelanga bayakuphephetheka sisaqhwithi esikhulu baye kweyela elwandle. ==Ukwahlulelana komzi== Umzi wathi qwenge kubini, omnye wakubhebhetha kwaphela ukuxhela iinkomo zawo. Nangona wawukholwa kwinto yokokuba uvuko olo lwabafileyo luya kuze lona lubekho, kodwa wawuyikhaba ngazo zombini intetho engovuko lweenkomo ezifileyo, usithi soze lubekho. Kwaabonakala kusahlukana ooyise noonyana, oonyana bendoda enye, inkosi nabantu bayo, imizalwana nemizalwana. Kwatsho kwavela amagama amabini, ala macala omabini. Abanye kwathiwa ng[[ithamba|ama''Thamba'']], oko kukuthi ng[[igqobhoka|amagqobhoka]] kaNongqawuse; abanye kwathiwa ng[[iGogotya|ama''Gogotya'']], oko kukuthi abemi ngongqame,abangavumiyo ukuyenza into, abangavumiyo ukuxhela. Baaxhela ke abanye, baze abanye abaxhela. ==Usuku lwesibhozo== Kwaba b[[ubutyididi]] ke kuxhelwa ezo nkomo imihla nezolo, abanye bexhela kuba besoyika ukubulawa no[[ukunuka|kunukwa]], lwaye uninzi lwaluse lung[[amafaca]] kukulamba, seluphila ng[[impontsha|ee''mpontsha'']] kuphela. Kwaqalwa kwaqwalaselwa usuku lwesibhozo. Kaloku kwakuthiwe ngolu suku, ilanga liyakuze liphume libomvu, lize libuye litshome lompi kwasesibhakabhakeni. Emva koko kuyakubakho ubumnyama obummangaliso abayakuthi abantu bazivalele ezindlwini ngabo, baze baqale ke abantu bavuke beze ekhaya, liqale ke libuye l[[ukugabuka|igabuke]]. Yathi yakufika loo mini kad'ixelwa, laphuma ilanga njengesiqhelo, abanye sebehlambe amehlo ngamanz'olwandle kwaGompo, abanye bevele ngezikroba ezindlwini, abanye abangakholwayo besenza imisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo phandle. Tu kunani khona akuzange kubekho nto ihlayo, alatshona nelanga, akwabikho mntu uvukayo, akwabikho nto yenzekayo kuzo zonke ezo zinto zazithethiwe. Sabanjalo ke [[isiyikili]] sikaNongqawuse, bafa kakhulu abantu yindlala, kunqina nasisifo. Kumhla kwaqala iqhalo elithi [[''Uthetha uNongqawuse"]], lithetha ukuthi umntu okuxelela into esisimanga. Ibhalwe ngu-Gqoba, W. W. Isizathu sokuxhelwa kweenkomo ngoNongqawuse. WB Rubusana, Zemk’Inkomo Magwalandini, 139-41. beqnmmn2ehb5g4tsrbfnlsme95uxphr 0 4987 40804 28409 2026-06-12T09:07:56Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40804 wikitext text/x-wiki * Ngokubhalwa ngu-'''[[John M. Vimbe]]''' * Ndivuyiswa lixesha lokuvela kwam kweli lizwe, kuba ethe [[Umdali|'''uMnini-Ntozonke''']] ukundibumba kwakhe wandibumba ngexesha lokuthumela kwakhe iLizwi lakhe ezweni lakowethu. Ekuthe ke ekufikeni kwalo nabafundisi aza amakhosi ethu alamkela; ndithi ke ndiyinkwenkwe, bekuthe ngaphambi kokufika komfundisi lowo kwavuka [[uNxele]] umfo ka[[uBhalala}Bhalala]], no[[uGaba|Gaba]] umfo ka[[uNtsikana|Ntsikana]]; kwabe ikukuqala kokubona kwam iLizwe, endicinga ukuba iminyaka yobuprofethi baloo madoda, kususela ku-1816 kuze kulo we-1905, oko kuthetha okokuba ayenamashumi asibhozo anethoba, 89, engabaprofethi loo madoda. Umfundisi wokuqala ayesithi amadoda ngu-[[uSodyoyi|Sodyoyi]], wafika wakha kwa[[uSihota|Sihota]]. Emva kwakhe kwafika [[umfundisi uJohn Brownlee|uRev. John Brownlee]] ngo-1820. Mandingene ekuqaleni kwa ukuliva iLizwi. Kwaafika uNtsikana evela [[eGqorha]]. Waafika wema kwa[[uMankazana|Mankazana]]. Waandiqhelisa uMa ukuya nam [[etyalikeni|ecaweni]], ngeCawa kwaNtsikana. [[Icawa|ITyalike]] kaNtsikana ibisenzelwa ngaphantsi ko[[umqontshi|mqonchi]], izitulo ingamatye. Ngelo xesha ekuboneni kwam, sasingathi sintanganye no[[uDukwana|Dukwana]], [[uKobe]] emkhulu kuthi. Akahlalanga kakhulu uNtsikana kwaMankazana. Kuthe ngo-1824 wesuka ubawo [[uNongxe|Nongxe]] kwaMankazana, beza esikolweni [[eGwali]]. Waafikela ubawo lo kwa[[uMatshaya|Matshaya]]. Ngelo xesha [[amaNtsikana]] ayese wonke, aye ephethwe ngu: [[uphalaza| Phalaza]], [[uhogu|Hogu]], [[uXelewa|Xelewa]], [[uRwexwana|Rwexwana]], [[uMazaleni|Mazaleni]], [[uNoyi|Noyi]], [[uMatshaya|Matshaya]], [[uPheyi|Pheyi]], [[uMtyhobile|Mtyhobile]], [[uNginya|Nginya]], [[uThamo|Thamo]], nabanye. Onke ke ayephethwe ng[[uKobe]], into kaNtsikana, umfo olunge kunene phezu kokuba abantu belo xesha babengcole kakhulu. Afika aMantsikana, eGwali, uBhuluneli ephahlwe ngamalawu akwaSihota. Bekusithiwa icala lamalawu eGwali ngumzi wasemagwangqeni, kuthiwe elinye icala lalo mzi lelaMantsikana. Waahlala ke apho umfo kaGaba, wabe elishumayela ilizwi likaThixo, kwatsho kwagqobhoka abantu abaninzi. #REDIRECT [[Zemk'iinkomo magwalandini]] eu62spt35bipw9sdgof91pwse0pe6m6 0 4998 40802 34722 2026-06-12T08:54:00Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40802 wikitext text/x-wiki * '''UNtsikana''' wasungula umbutho wokuqala wamakrestu angam’Afrika pha ngeminyaka ye-1815. Wayekwangumbali wokuqala ngesixhosa obalaseleyo waekulo ecawa, kwaye iinno lakhe elibalaseleyo liyavela kwiincwadi ezininzi zamaculo ecawa zalemihla. UNtsikane lo wazalwa pha ngeminyaka ye-1780 kwiziswe sikaNgqika owayongamele amaRharhabe, wabaliphakathi ngokomnombo. Wayekhona xeshikweni iwhite settlement ye Eastern Frontier isanda kwaye kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaXhosa nalamasetilane matsha. Utata kaNtsikane, uGaba wayenesithembu njengenkoliso yamaXhosa phambi kokuba aguqulwe (Bokwe 1914,4). Umama wakhe uNonabe wayengumfazi wesibini. Umfazi wokuqala wayenesikhwele waza wathyola uNonabe ngobugqwirha, uNonabe wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke asindise ubomi bakhe. Emveni kwenyanga ezimbalwa uNtsikana wazalwa. Utata kaNtsikana waya kumlanda xa wayeneminyaka elishuni elinesibini. Njengoko uGaba wayezele intombi kumfazi wokuqala, uNoyiki wamamkela njengonyana wakhe. UNtsikane ukhule esolusa umhlambi katata wakhe kwaye efunda nokuzingela. Xeshikweni elulutsha, uVan Der Kemp weLondon missionary society waza kulenginqgi ihlala uNtsikana. Ukusuka ngowe-1799 ukuya kowe-1801 lemissionary yazama ukushumayeza kodwa impumelelo yayo yabancinci. UNtsikane waqala ukuwuva kuye lomyalezo wobuKrestu. UVan Der Kemp wawushiya umhlaba kaNgqika waya kuhlala eGraaff-Reinet. Imfazwe yalandela kwi-eastern frontier phakathi kweenkosi eziitshatsheleyo zakwaRharhabe, uNgqika noNdlambe. Le mfazwe yaphela kwidabi lase-Amalinda apho uNgqika wohlulwa khona. Amajoni kaNdlambe ahlasele iGrahamstown ngowe1819 (kwi frontier war yesihlanu) kwaye umda wamiliselwa phakathi komlambo iKeiskamma ne Fish river. Zange kwafika missionary kwingingqi kaNtsikane de yabangowe-1816. Yayingumfundisi uJoseph Williams, owavula imissionary station ecaleni komlambo iKat. * Emveni kobukhwetha nokungena ebudodeni, uNtsikana wathwalelwa abafazi ababini. uNontsonta owabangumama kaKobe, uNomamto owabangumama kaDukwana nabaninawa bakhe ababini. Ekuswelekeni kukatata wakhe, uNtsikana wafumana ilifa. Ngelixesha uNtsikane wayeneembono. Wayenenkunzi yenkomo awayeyithanda Kunene, yayilubhelu inamacokoza amhlobhe ineempondo ezinkulu igama layo inguHulushe. Ngenye intsasa wavukela ebuhlanti waya waphawula imitha yelanga ekhanya ukodlula eminye ikhanya kwicala lale nkunzi. Wakhangela imvelaphi yalemitha. Xa ebuza uKobe owayemi ecaleni kwakhe ukuba usibonile na esi sehlo, ukobe waphendula ngelithi hayi andibonanga nto. UNtsikana wamangaliswa sesisehlo. Kwenzeka omnye ummangaliso kwangaloomini emtshatweni. UNtsikana waya waguduka nosapho lwakhe, kwalapha endleleni waya wavasa imbola yakhe. Akekho owayekuqonda okwenzekileyo kuye. Ekuhambeni kweentsuku waqala wandumzela iculo elaphela iliculo lakhe lecawa. Waxelela abantu ukuba kumele bathandaze, waqala ngoko ukubamba inkonzo rhoqo. Wathi mabangalimameli ela xhwele uNxele. Oku yaba sisiqalo sebandla lakhe. UNtsikane akazange ahlale eMission kodwa wayemndwendwela umfundisi uWilliams, nasekuswelekeni kuka Williams waqhubekeka endwendwela umfundisi uBrownlee. Phambi kokuba asweleke ngonyaka we-1821 wayecinga nzulu ngokuyokuhlala kwimissioni iChumie (Hodgson 1981,6). UNtsikana wabhala amaculo ecawa amane, elona laziwayo leli lakhe. Onke asafumaneka kwiincwadi zale mihla zamaculo ecawa. 9seys1x335jbo8x0zr5k6bhr1ix14af 0 5207 40759 39114 2026-06-12T08:28:22Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|Imephu yeHlabathi ebonisa okokuba iphi kanye i-Afrika le]] '''''I-Afrika''''' [[Amazwekazi|lilizwekazi]] iilizwekazi phakathi kwamanye amazwekazi asixhenxe emhlabeni. Ubukhulubalo limalunga nesiqingatha sesihlanu emhlabeni wonke uphela. lijikelelzwe ngeziphaluka ezinkulu zamanz'olwandle. Angama-54 amazwe waziwa ngokupheleleyo, nazimeleyo e-''Afrika'', kwaye abantu abaphila kweli lizwekazi bangali-''14.7%'' (i-1.216 lezigidigidi) . Kucingwa ukuba le nto ingumntu yaqala ukuvela kweli lizwekazi laseAfrika.  == '''''Imbali''''' == [[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|thumb|Intlalo phambi kokuba kufike ubukoloni baseYurophu.]] * Imbali yase-Afrika yaqala ukungena kwimpucuko okokuqala kwisidalwa esingumntu yaqhuba ke de kwayile meko imanyukunyezi sintyumpa-ntyumpeka kuyo kungoku nje ngelizwekazi eliyalingena nzulu kwezopolitiiko. Ixesha elingembali ye-Afrika kudala-dala liquka ukuqandusela kwempucuko eJiphethe, ukwanda kwempucuko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ezingaphandle komlambo i- Nile River Valley kwanentsebenziswano eyayiphakathi wabo nempucuko eyayingaphandle kwemida yase-Afrika. Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-7 usiya ngasekupheleni, iNtshona, neMpuma ye-Afrika zonganyelwa lifuthe lobusilamsi elalisasazeke kuzo zombini ezi ziphaluka.    Loo nto yangunozala wemeko yokokuba kubonakale ngathi kukho amasiko amatsha athe gqi qhaphu, anje ngala siwabonayo namhlanje  angawa bantu besiSwahili. Oku kwabakwangunozala wokwanda kokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka, nokwaba nefuthe elibi ngokumangalisayo ekudodobaleni kwenkqubela kuphuhliso lweli lizwekazi liphela de kwangumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19. === Ubukhoboka === Ubukhoboka ngumkhuba obusoloko usenziwa e-Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesixhenxe namashumi amabini,  Ushishino ngamakhoboka olwalusenziwa ngama-Arabhu lwathatha izigidi ezili-18 zabantu e-Afrika, lwabenza  amakhoboka, ama-Arabhu ayebathatha ke aba bantu e-Afrika banqumle ngomzila ogqitha eSaharan uyekunqumla ngolwandle lwase-Indiya. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kweshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinethoba  (ama-500 yeminyaka), kushishino ngamakhoboka lwase-Atlantika kuqikelelwa okokuba kwathathwa  abantu  ababemalunga  nezigidi ezisi-7–12 bayakwenziwa amakhoboka kwiHlabathi eliTsha. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kwe- 1808 ne-1860, Umkhosi waseBritane wanqakula iinqanawa zamakhoboka ezazimalunga ne-1,600 waza wemka nama-150,000 amaAfrika wayelapho. [[File:Colonial_Africa_1914_map.png|left|thumb|234x234px|Areas of Africa under the control or influence of European nations in 1914 (at outbreak of World War I).]] # Ubukoloni Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yeshumi elithoba usiya ngasesipehlweni, umkhosi waseYurophu wahlala kumhlaba omninzi weli lizwekazi, nalo lonke ke elo xesha uguqula imimandla emininzi yeli lizwekazi uyifaka ingqondo yobukoloni. Waza wakhuthaza okokuba ezinye iindawo zibe ziindawo ezixomekekileyo nezingazimelanga ngokokwazo. Washiya oorhulumente ababini kuphela, ababangoorhulumente abazimele geqe. Kwaba yiTopiya  (eyaziwa ngamaYurophu njenge"Abyssinia"), neLiberia. IJiphethe neSudan wazizange zona zibekwe phantsi kobukumkani bobukoloni baseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iBritane ithe yayakuhlala kweli lizwekazi ngo-1882, iJiphethe yabaphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane ngokupheleleyo de kwango-1922. === Imbali yangoku === Iintshukumo zokuzimela geqe kweAfrika zaphumelela okokuqala ngo-1951, xa iLibya yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukukhululeka njengelizwe elaliphantsi kwengcinezelo yobukoloni, latsho laba lilizwe elizimeleyo.   Imbali emalunga ne-Afrika ibisoloko izele zizivunguvungu zovukelo mbuso neemfazwe, kwabe kwelinye icala kukhula impucuko kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika, kukhula noburhulumente bentando yesininzi kwiafrika yonke iphela.  Imfazwe yobukhaya kwilizwe eliyi-Democratic Republic of the Congo (neyayisayakubizwa nge-Zaire) yaaqala ngo-1998. Abamelwane bamazwe ase-Afrika aazibandakanya nawo. Okoko kwathi kwaqala olu ngquzulwano, zizigidi ezi-5,5 eziqikelelwa okokuba zafa ngenxa yalo. Unxulumano ngezopolitiko olufana nomanyano lwe-afrika (i-African Union) yanika ithemba ngentsebenziswano noxolo olumandla phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi eli lizwekazi.  == '''Imozulu''' == [[File:Vegetation_Africa.png|thumb|200x200px|Izidalwa eziphilayo zase-Africa]] Ukusukela emntla ukuya emzantsi, i-Afrika ineentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu. Zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka emantla:     * Imozulu ye-Alpine neye-mediterranean  <br> * Intlango eyomileyo nenentlabathi * I-Savanna ethande ukoma (umhlaba wengca)<br> * Imvula yamahlathi * Umhlaba unexhaxhe ngemgca * Intlango eyome kakhulu * Intab'etafile Ukusuka kumntla-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi kukho umhlaba omkhulu onomlambo oseMpuma ye-Afrika. lo mhlaba uneentaba, uneziganeko zodubulo-mhlaba, iindonga, ezinzulu, kunye nemihlaba eyondeleleneyo, imilambo neengxangxasi zamanzi.  Singatsho nje ngokupheleleyo okokuba i-Afrika inemizekelo yeentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu.  === Ukuna kwemvula === [[File:Rain_shadow.svg|thumb|200x200px|Igama lesithunzi semvula, kodwa ibe ikhatshwa lugquthe oluvela entshona.  ]] [[File:Africa_FebAug.gif|thumb|212x212px|imifanekiso ebonakalisa okokuba luxhaphake phi na uhlaza ngenyanga yomDumba nangeyeThupha (phambi nasemva kwehlobo.  ]] Ubukhulu becala umntla Afrika wome kakhulu kwaye unobushushu obuphezulu.  Wonganyelwe yintlango yaseSahar kwaye awufumani mvula ingakanani. KwiSahara- -Africa imbalwa imilambo kwakunye neminye imithombo yamanzi.  Amanzi afunyanwa phantsi komhlaba afana namanzi omthombo abaluleke kakhulu entlango.  Le nto ke yenza ukuba kubekho indawo enohlaza (izityalo ezimila apho) eyintlango. Loo ndawo ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-oasis ngesilungu.  Kwesa siphaluka sehlabathi umoya ovuthuzayo uvela empuma ubukhulu becala.  Oko ke kuzisa imvula, kodwa ke i-Himalayas kunye ne-Tibetan Plateau zivalela imvula  eyi-monsoon kwaye zithintela ukuba ingakwazi ukungena kwiNtshona yaseAfrika.  Kananjalo, iintaba ze-Atlas kufuphi nonxweme olusemantla e-Afrika zinqanda imvula ukuba ingangeni kumntla. Esi sesinye isithunzi semvula.  Owona msebenzi wezi zithunzi zemvula zimbini kukujongana nentlango yaseSahara.   Iimeko zobeme bezulu kunye neenkqwithelo ziya zisahluka ngokuya zihambela zisiya emzantsi, apho kukho uthotho ne-equator. I-equator ihamba inqumle umbindi we-afrika  (Jonga umgca obomvu okrwelwe kwimephu). Ok kuthetha okokuba ubukhulu becala be-Afrika buphakathi kweezi tropica zimbini:   * I-Tropic yeCancer * I-Tropic yeCapricorn == Izityalo nezilwanyana == [[File:Libyen-oase1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Le-oasis, okanye lo mfula useLibya, unezityalo ezininzi ezikhulayo neziwujikelezileyo.  ]] I-Africa inezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi. Zininzi iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana apha. Kungoku nje likukuphela kwelizwekazi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinkulu.  Ezinye zazo zivela ziyintaphane, yamanani amakhulu.  Kukho ii-antelope, I-buffalo, [[Iqwarhashe|imbabala]], i-cheetah, [[Indlovu|imfene]], indlovu, i-giraffe, i-rhinoceros, ii-apes, i-hyaena, nezinye nezinye. Zingaphaya kwamawaka ama-2 iintlobo zee[[Intlanzi|ntlanzi]] ezihlala kwii-lakes na[[Umlambo|kwimilambo yaseAfrika.]] * '''Ipolitiki''' Umbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseAfrika The Umbutho womanyano lwelizwekazi i-Afrika (ngesiNgesi ushunqulwa ube ngu-AU) ngumbutho welizwekazi jikelele oyingqokolela yawo onke amazwe ase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMorocco. Injongo yalo mbutho kukuphucula uqoqosho kwintlalo yaseAfrika,   amalungu olu manyano lwe-commonwealth, lube kuhulumente ophantsi kweenguquko ezifunyaniswe kwihlabathi. Umbutho wamazwe aseAfrika unepalamente yaseburhulumenteni, eyaziwa ngokuba nguRhulumente wamazwe Afrika emanyeneyo. ekukho kuye i-legislative, inkundla yomthetho, kunye nee-executive organs. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli nayinkokeli yesizwe, nokwanguMongameli we-Pan African Parliament. Umntu uba nguMongameli we-AU ngokonyulelwa kwi-PAP, aze abe ufumane inkxaso emandla kwi-PAP. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenzeka nangoku kwiindawo eziliqela apha e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphosanayo neliso likarhulumente. Obo bundlobongela obunjalo benzeka ngenxa yezopolitiko,  budla ngokuba ngunozala wengxaki yemfazwe yobukhaya. Amazwe athe axelwa kutsha nje njengawona mazwe atyeshela amalungelo abantu ngala alandelayo:  i-Uganda, i-Sierra Leone, i-Liberia, i-Sudan, i-Zimbabwe, kunye ne-Côte d'Ivoire. == '''Abantu''' == Abantu abavela e-Afrika babizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika. Abantu abavela entshona - Afrika we-Sahara babizwa ngokuba ngama-Maghrebis baze bona abavela emzantsi babizwe ngokuba ngama-Subsaharans. Iilwimi ezisemazantsi e-Afrika ziquka isiSwahili, isi-Oromo kunye nesi-Amharic. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa emantla e-Afrika ziquka isiLingala, isi-Igbo kunye neziFulani. Elona lizwe linabantu abaninzi e-Afrika yiNigeria.  == Countries == <center class="" style=""> {| style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" ! Country ! Area<br> (km²) ! Population ! Year ! Density<br> (per km²) ! [[IKomkhulu|Capital]] |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Northern Africa''' |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} | style="text-align: right;" |2,381,740 | style="text-align: right;" |34,178,188 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |14 |e-Algiers |- |{{Flag|Canary Islands}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |7,492 | style="text-align: right;" |2,118,519 | style="text-align: right;" |2010 | style="text-align: right;" |226 |e-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,<br> e-Santa Cruz de Tenerife |- |{{Flag|Ceuta}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |18.5 | style="text-align: right;" |82,376 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |4,453 |— |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,450 | style="text-align: right;" |82,868,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |83 |e-Cairo |- |{{Flag|Libya}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,759,540 | style="text-align: right;" |6,310,434 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |4 |e-Tripoli |- |{{Flag|Madeira}} (Portugal) | style="text-align: right;" |797 | style="text-align: right;" |245,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |307 |e-Funchal |- |{{Flag|Melilla}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |12 | style="text-align: right;" |66,411 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |5,534 |— |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} | style="text-align: right;" |446,550 | style="text-align: right;" |34,859,364 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Rabat |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,861,484 | style="text-align: right;" |30,894,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |17 |e-Khartoum |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} | style="text-align: right;" |163,610 | style="text-align: right;" |10,486,339 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Tunis |- |&nbsp; Western Sahara | style="text-align: right;" |266,000 | style="text-align: right;" |405,210 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |2 |e-El Aaiún |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Horn of Africa''' |- |[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|22x22px]]&nbsp;<div class="cx-overlay"><div class="cx-spinner"><div class="bounce1"></div><div class="bounce2"></div><div class="bounce3"></div></div></div>{{flag|Djibouti}}Djibouti | style="text-align: right;" |23,000 | style="text-align: right;" |623,891 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |22 |e-Djibouti |- |{{flag|Eritrea}}Eritrea | style="text-align: right;" |121,320 | style="text-align: right;" |5,647,168 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |47 |e-Asmara |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,127,127 | style="text-align: right;" |84,320,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |75 |e-Addis Ababa |- |{{flag|Somalia}}Somalia | style="text-align: right;" |637,657 | style="text-align: right;" |9,832,017 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |15 |e-Mogadishu |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''East Africa''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}}Burundi | style="text-align: right;" |27,830 | style="text-align: right;" |8,988,091 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |323 |e-Bujumbura |- |{{flag|Comoros}}Comoros | style="text-align: right;" |2,170 | style="text-align: right;" |752,438 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |347 |e-Moroni |- |{{flag|Kenya}}Kenya | style="text-align: right;" |582,650 | style="text-align: right;" |39,002,772 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |66 |e-Nairobi |- |{{flag|Madagascar}}Madagascar | style="text-align: right;" |587,040 | style="text-align: right;" |20,653,556 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |35 |e-Antananarivo |- |{{flag|Malawi}}Malawi | style="text-align: right;" |118,480 | style="text-align: right;" |14,268,711 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |120 |e-Lilongwe |- |{{flag|Mauritius}}Mauritius | style="text-align: right;" |2,040 | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,264 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |630 |e-Port Louis |- |{{flag|Mayotte}}Mayotte (France) | style="text-align: right;" |374 | style="text-align: right;" |223,765 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |490 |e-Mamoudzou |- |{{flag|Mozambique}}Mozambique | style="text-align: right;" |801,590 | style="text-align: right;" |21,669,278 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |27 |e-Maputo |- | {{flag|Réunion}}Réunion (France) | style="text-align: right;" |2,512 | style="text-align: right;" |743,981 | style="text-align: right;" |2002 | style="text-align: right;" |296 |e-Saint-Denis |- |{{flag|Rwanda}}Rwanda | style="text-align: right;" |26,338 | style="text-align: right;" |10,473,282 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |398 |e-Kigali |- |{{flag|Seychelles}}Seychelles | style="text-align: right;" |455 | style="text-align: right;" |87,476 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |192 |e-Victoria |- |{{flag|South Sudan}}South Sudan | style="text-align: right;" |619,745 | style="text-align: right;" |8,260,490 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Juba |- |{{flag|Tanzania}}Tanzania | style="text-align: right;" |945,087 | style="text-align: right;" |44,929,002 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Dodoma |- |{{flag|Uganda}}Uganda | style="text-align: right;" |236,040 | style="text-align: right;" |32,369,558 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |137 |e-Kampala |- |{{flag|Zambia}}Zambia | style="text-align: right;" |752,614 | style="text-align: right;" |11,862,740 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |16 |e-Lusaka |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}}Zimbabwe | style="text-align: right;" |390,580 | style="text-align: right;" |11,392,629 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |29 |e-Harare |- | colspan="6" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center;" |'''Central Africa''' |- |{{flag|Angola}}Angola | style="text-align: right;" |1,246,700 | style="text-align: right;" |12,799,293 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Luanda |- |{{flag|Cameroon}}Cameroon | style="text-align: right;" |475,440 | style="text-align: right;" |18,879,301 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |40 |e-Yaoundé |- |{{flag|Central African Republic}}Central African Republic | style="text-align: right;" |622,984 | style="text-align: right;" |4,511,488 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |7 |e-Bangui |- |{{flag|Chad}}Chad | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,000 | style="text-align: right;" |10,329,208 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |8 |e-N'Djamena |- |{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |342,000 | style="text-align: right;" |4,012,809 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Brazzaville |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}Democratic Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |2,345,410 | style="text-align: right;" |69,575,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |30 |e-Kinshasa |- |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}Equatorial Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |28,051 | style="text-align: right;" |633,441 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |23 |e-Malabo |- |{{flag|Gabon}}Gabon | style="text-align: right;" |267,667 | style="text-align: right;" |1,514,993 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |6 |e-Libreville |- |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}São Tomé and Príncipe | style="text-align: right;" |1,001 | style="text-align: right;" |212,679 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |212 |e-São Tomé |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Southern Africa''' |- |{{flag|Botswana}}Botswana | style="text-align: right;" |600,370 | style="text-align: right;" |1,990,876 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Gaborone |- |{{flag|Lesotho}}Lesotho | style="text-align: right;" |30,355 | style="text-align: right;" |2,130,819 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Maseru |- |{{flag|Namibia}}Namibia | style="text-align: right;" |825,418 | style="text-align: right;" |2,108,665 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Windhoek |- |{{flag|South Africa}}South Africa | style="text-align: right;" |1,219,912 | style="text-align: right;" |51,770,560 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |42 |e-Bloemfontein, Cape Town, ePitoli |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}Swaziland | style="text-align: right;" |17,363 | style="text-align: right;" |1,123,913 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |65 |e-Mbabane |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''West Africa''' |- |{{flag|Benin}}Benin | style="text-align: right;" |112,620 | style="text-align: right;" |8,791,832 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Porto-Novo |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}}Burkina Faso | style="text-align: right;" |274,200 | style="text-align: right;" |15,746,232 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |57 |e-Ouagadougou |- |{{flag|Cape Verde}}Cape Verde | style="text-align: right;" |4,033 | style="text-align: right;" |429,474 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |107 |e-Praia |- |{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}Côte d'Ivoire | style="text-align: right;" |322,460 | style="text-align: right;" |20,617,068 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Abidjan, Yamoussoukro |- |{{flag|Gambia}}Gambia | style="text-align: right;" |11,300 | style="text-align: right;" |1,782,893 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |158 |e-Banjul |- |{{flag|Ghana}}Ghana | style="text-align: right;" |239,460 | style="text-align: right;" |23,832,495 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |100 |e-Accra |- |{{flag|Guinea}}Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |245,857 | style="text-align: right;" |10,057,975 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |41 |e-Conakry |- |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}Guinea-Bissau | style="text-align: right;" |36,120 | style="text-align: right;" |1,533,964 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Bissau |- |{{flag|Liberia}}Liberia | style="text-align: right;" |111,370 | style="text-align: right;" |3,441,790 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |31 |e-Monrovia |- |{{flag|Mali}}Mali | style="text-align: right;" |1,240,000 | style="text-align: right;" |12,666,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Bamako |- |{{flag|Mauritania}}Mauritania | style="text-align: right;" |1,030,700 | style="text-align: right;" |3,129,486 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Nouakchott |- |{{flag|Niger}}Niger | style="text-align: right;" |1,267,000 | style="text-align: right;" |15,306,252 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Niamey |- |{{flag|Nigeria}}Nigeria | style="text-align: right;" |923,768 | style="text-align: right;" |166,629,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |180 |e-Abuja |- |{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">2</div></div></div></div>{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) | style="text-align: right;" |420 | style="text-align: right;" |7,728 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Jamestown |- |{{flag|Senegal}}Senegal | style="text-align: right;" |196,190 | style="text-align: right;" |13,711,597 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Dakar |- |{{flag|Sierra Leone}}Sierra Leone | style="text-align: right;" |71,740 | style="text-align: right;" |6,440,053 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |90 |e-Freetown |- |{{flag|Togo}}Togo | style="text-align: right;" |56,785 | style="text-align: right;" |6,019,877 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |106 |e-Lomé |- style="font-weight: bold; background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" |&nbsp; Africa Total | style="text-align: right;" |30,368,609 | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,320,281 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |33 |} </center> == Imithombo == {{Flag|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika| ]] ngqh30kohcq3v1piz816geirgczoex5 40760 40759 2026-06-12T08:28:38Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by Siphokazi Mhlahlo: Not an improvement 39114 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|Imephu yeHlabathi ebonisa okokuba iphi kanye i-Afrika le]] '''I-Afrika''' [[Amazwekazi|lilizwekazi]] iilizwekazi phakathi kwamanye amazwekazi asixhenxe emhlabeni. Ubukhulubalo limalunga nesiqingatha sesihlanu emhlabeni wonke uphela. lijikelelzwe ngeziphaluka ezinkulu zamanz'olwandle. Angama-54 amazwe waziwa ngokupheleleyo, nazimeleyo e-Afrika, kwaye abantu abaphila kweli lizwekazi bangali-14.7% (i-1.216 lezigidigidi) . Kucingwa ukuba le nto ingumntu yaqala ukuvela kweli lizwekazi laseAfrika.  == Imbali == [[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|thumb|Intlalo phambi kokuba kufike ubukoloni baseYurophu.]] Imbali yase-Afrika yaqala ukungena kwimpucuko okokuqala kwisidalwa esingumntu yaqhuba ke de kwayile meko imanyukunyezi sintyumpa-ntyumpeka kuyo kungoku nje ngelizwekazi eliyalingena nzulu kwezopolitiiko. Ixesha elingembali ye-Afrika kudala-dala liquka ukuqandusela kwempucuko eJiphethe, ukwanda kwempucuko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ezingaphandle komlambo i- Nile River Valley kwanentsebenziswano eyayiphakathi wabo nempucuko eyayingaphandle kwemida yase-Afrika. Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-7 usiya ngasekupheleni, iNtshona, neMpuma ye-Afrika zonganyelwa lifuthe lobusilamsi elalisasazeke kuzo zombini ezi ziphaluka.    Loo nto yangunozala wemeko yokokuba kubonakale ngathi kukho amasiko amatsha athe gqi qhaphu, anje ngala siwabonayo namhlanje  angawa bantu besiSwahili. Oku kwabakwangunozala wokwanda kokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka, nokwaba nefuthe elibi ngokumangalisayo ekudodobaleni kwenkqubela kuphuhliso lweli lizwekazi liphela de kwangumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19. === Ubukhoboka === Ubukhoboka ngumkhuba obusoloko usenziwa e-Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesixhenxe namashumi amabini,  Ushishino ngamakhoboka olwalusenziwa ngama-Arabhu lwathatha izigidi ezili-18 zabantu e-Afrika, lwabenza  amakhoboka, ama-Arabhu ayebathatha ke aba bantu e-Afrika banqumle ngomzila ogqitha eSaharan uyekunqumla ngolwandle lwase-Indiya. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kweshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinethoba  (ama-500 yeminyaka), kushishino ngamakhoboka lwase-Atlantika kuqikelelwa okokuba kwathathwa  abantu  ababemalunga  nezigidi ezisi-7–12 bayakwenziwa amakhoboka kwiHlabathi eliTsha. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kwe- 1808 ne-1860, Umkhosi waseBritane wanqakula iinqanawa zamakhoboka ezazimalunga ne-1,600 waza wemka nama-150,000 amaAfrika wayelapho. [[File:Colonial_Africa_1914_map.png|left|thumb|234x234px|Areas of Africa under the control or influence of European nations in 1914 (at outbreak of World War I).]] === Ubukoloni === Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yeshumi elithoba usiya ngasesipehlweni, umkhosi waseYurophu wahlala kumhlaba omninzi weli lizwekazi, nalo lonke ke elo xesha uguqula imimandla emininzi yeli lizwekazi uyifaka ingqondo yobukoloni. Waza wakhuthaza okokuba ezinye iindawo zibe ziindawo ezixomekekileyo nezingazimelanga ngokokwazo. Washiya oorhulumente ababini kuphela, ababangoorhulumente abazimele geqe. Kwaba yiTopiya  (eyaziwa ngamaYurophu njenge"Abyssinia"), neLiberia. IJiphethe neSudan wazizange zona zibekwe phantsi kobukumkani bobukoloni baseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iBritane ithe yayakuhlala kweli lizwekazi ngo-1882, iJiphethe yabaphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane ngokupheleleyo de kwango-1922. === Imbali yangoku === Iintshukumo zokuzimela geqe kweAfrika zaphumelela okokuqala ngo-1951, xa iLibya yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukukhululeka njengelizwe elaliphantsi kwengcinezelo yobukoloni, latsho laba lilizwe elizimeleyo.   Imbali emalunga ne-Afrika ibisoloko izele zizivunguvungu zovukelo mbuso neemfazwe, kwabe kwelinye icala kukhula impucuko kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika, kukhula noburhulumente bentando yesininzi kwiafrika yonke iphela.  Imfazwe yobukhaya kwilizwe eliyi-Democratic Republic of the Congo (neyayisayakubizwa nge-Zaire) yaaqala ngo-1998. Abamelwane bamazwe ase-Afrika aazibandakanya nawo. Okoko kwathi kwaqala olu ngquzulwano, zizigidi ezi-5,5 eziqikelelwa okokuba zafa ngenxa yalo. Unxulumano ngezopolitiko olufana nomanyano lwe-afrika (i-African Union) yanika ithemba ngentsebenziswano noxolo olumandla phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi eli lizwekazi.  == Imozulu == [[File:Vegetation_Africa.png|thumb|200x200px|Izidalwa eziphilayo zase-Africa]] Ukusukela emntla ukuya emzantsi, i-Afrika ineentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu. Zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka emantla:     * Imozulu ye-Alpine neye-mediterranean  <br> * Intlango eyomileyo nenentlabathi * I-Savanna ethande ukoma (umhlaba wengca)<br> * Imvula yamahlathi * Umhlaba unexhaxhe ngemgca * Intlango eyome kakhulu * Intab'etafile Ukusuka kumntla-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi kukho umhlaba omkhulu onomlambo oseMpuma ye-Afrika. lo mhlaba uneentaba, uneziganeko zodubulo-mhlaba, iindonga, ezinzulu, kunye nemihlaba eyondeleleneyo, imilambo neengxangxasi zamanzi.  Singatsho nje ngokupheleleyo okokuba i-Afrika inemizekelo yeentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu.  === Ukuna kwemvula === [[File:Rain_shadow.svg|thumb|200x200px|Igama lesithunzi semvula, kodwa ibe ikhatshwa lugquthe oluvela entshona.  ]] [[File:Africa_FebAug.gif|thumb|212x212px|imifanekiso ebonakalisa okokuba luxhaphake phi na uhlaza ngenyanga yomDumba nangeyeThupha (phambi nasemva kwehlobo.  ]] Ubukhulu becala umntla Afrika wome kakhulu kwaye unobushushu obuphezulu.  Wonganyelwe yintlango yaseSahar kwaye awufumani mvula ingakanani. KwiSahara- -Africa imbalwa imilambo kwakunye neminye imithombo yamanzi.  Amanzi afunyanwa phantsi komhlaba afana namanzi omthombo abaluleke kakhulu entlango.  Le nto ke yenza ukuba kubekho indawo enohlaza (izityalo ezimila apho) eyintlango. Loo ndawo ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-oasis ngesilungu.  Kwesa siphaluka sehlabathi umoya ovuthuzayo uvela empuma ubukhulu becala.  Oko ke kuzisa imvula, kodwa ke i-Himalayas kunye ne-Tibetan Plateau zivalela imvula  eyi-monsoon kwaye zithintela ukuba ingakwazi ukungena kwiNtshona yaseAfrika.  Kananjalo, iintaba ze-Atlas kufuphi nonxweme olusemantla e-Afrika zinqanda imvula ukuba ingangeni kumntla. Esi sesinye isithunzi semvula.  Owona msebenzi wezi zithunzi zemvula zimbini kukujongana nentlango yaseSahara.   Iimeko zobeme bezulu kunye neenkqwithelo ziya zisahluka ngokuya zihambela zisiya emzantsi, apho kukho uthotho ne-equator. I-equator ihamba inqumle umbindi we-afrika  (Jonga umgca obomvu okrwelwe kwimephu). Ok kuthetha okokuba ubukhulu becala be-Afrika buphakathi kweezi tropica zimbini:   * I-Tropic yeCancer * I-Tropic yeCapricorn == Izityalo nezilwanyana == [[File:Libyen-oase1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Le-oasis, okanye lo mfula useLibya, unezityalo ezininzi ezikhulayo neziwujikelezileyo.  ]] I-Africa inezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi. Zininzi iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana apha. Kungoku nje likukuphela kwelizwekazi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinkulu.  Ezinye zazo zivela ziyintaphane, yamanani amakhulu.  Kukho ii-antelope, I-buffalo, [[Iqwarhashe|imbabala]], i-cheetah, [[Indlovu|imfene]], indlovu, i-giraffe, i-rhinoceros, ii-apes, i-hyaena, nezinye nezinye. Zingaphaya kwamawaka ama-2 iintlobo zee[[Intlanzi|ntlanzi]] ezihlala kwii-lakes na[[Umlambo|kwimilambo yaseAfrika.]] == Ipolitiki == Umbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseAfrika The Umbutho womanyano lwelizwekazi i-Afrika (ngesiNgesi ushunqulwa ube ngu-AU) ngumbutho welizwekazi jikelele oyingqokolela yawo onke amazwe ase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMorocco. Injongo yalo mbutho kukuphucula uqoqosho kwintlalo yaseAfrika,   amalungu olu manyano lwe-commonwealth, lube kuhulumente ophantsi kweenguquko ezifunyaniswe kwihlabathi. Umbutho wamazwe aseAfrika unepalamente yaseburhulumenteni, eyaziwa ngokuba nguRhulumente wamazwe Afrika emanyeneyo. ekukho kuye i-legislative, inkundla yomthetho, kunye nee-executive organs. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli nayinkokeli yesizwe, nokwanguMongameli we-Pan African Parliament. Umntu uba nguMongameli we-AU ngokonyulelwa kwi-PAP, aze abe ufumane inkxaso emandla kwi-PAP. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenzeka nangoku kwiindawo eziliqela apha e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphosanayo neliso likarhulumente. Obo bundlobongela obunjalo benzeka ngenxa yezopolitiko,  budla ngokuba ngunozala wengxaki yemfazwe yobukhaya. Amazwe athe axelwa kutsha nje njengawona mazwe atyeshela amalungelo abantu ngala alandelayo:  i-Uganda, i-Sierra Leone, i-Liberia, i-Sudan, i-Zimbabwe, kunye ne-Côte d'Ivoire. == Abantu == Abantu abavela e-Afrika babizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika. Abantu abavela entshona - Afrika we-Sahara babizwa ngokuba ngama-Maghrebis baze bona abavela emzantsi babizwe ngokuba ngama-Subsaharans. Iilwimi ezisemazantsi e-Afrika ziquka isiSwahili, isi-Oromo kunye nesi-Amharic. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa emantla e-Afrika ziquka isiLingala, isi-Igbo kunye neziFulani. Elona lizwe linabantu abaninzi e-Afrika yiNigeria.  == Countries == <center class="" style=""> {| style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" ! Country ! Area<br> (km²) ! Population ! Year ! Density<br> (per km²) ! [[IKomkhulu|Capital]] |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Northern Africa''' |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} | style="text-align: right;" |2,381,740 | style="text-align: right;" |34,178,188 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |14 |e-Algiers |- |{{Flag|Canary Islands}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |7,492 | style="text-align: right;" |2,118,519 | style="text-align: right;" |2010 | style="text-align: right;" |226 |e-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,<br> e-Santa Cruz de Tenerife |- |{{Flag|Ceuta}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |18.5 | style="text-align: right;" |82,376 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |4,453 |— |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,450 | style="text-align: right;" |82,868,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |83 |e-Cairo |- |{{Flag|Libya}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,759,540 | style="text-align: right;" |6,310,434 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |4 |e-Tripoli |- |{{Flag|Madeira}} (Portugal) | style="text-align: right;" |797 | style="text-align: right;" |245,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |307 |e-Funchal |- |{{Flag|Melilla}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |12 | style="text-align: right;" |66,411 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |5,534 |— |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} | style="text-align: right;" |446,550 | style="text-align: right;" |34,859,364 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Rabat |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,861,484 | style="text-align: right;" |30,894,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |17 |e-Khartoum |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} | style="text-align: right;" |163,610 | style="text-align: right;" |10,486,339 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Tunis |- |&nbsp; Western Sahara | style="text-align: right;" |266,000 | style="text-align: right;" |405,210 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |2 |e-El Aaiún |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Horn of Africa''' |- |[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|22x22px]]&nbsp;<div class="cx-overlay"><div class="cx-spinner"><div class="bounce1"></div><div class="bounce2"></div><div class="bounce3"></div></div></div>{{flag|Djibouti}}Djibouti | style="text-align: right;" |23,000 | style="text-align: right;" |623,891 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |22 |e-Djibouti |- |{{flag|Eritrea}}Eritrea | style="text-align: right;" |121,320 | style="text-align: right;" |5,647,168 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |47 |e-Asmara |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,127,127 | style="text-align: right;" |84,320,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |75 |e-Addis Ababa |- |{{flag|Somalia}}Somalia | style="text-align: right;" |637,657 | style="text-align: right;" |9,832,017 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |15 |e-Mogadishu |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''East Africa''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}}Burundi | style="text-align: right;" |27,830 | style="text-align: right;" |8,988,091 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |323 |e-Bujumbura |- |{{flag|Comoros}}Comoros | style="text-align: right;" |2,170 | style="text-align: right;" |752,438 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |347 |e-Moroni |- |{{flag|Kenya}}Kenya | style="text-align: right;" |582,650 | style="text-align: right;" |39,002,772 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |66 |e-Nairobi |- |{{flag|Madagascar}}Madagascar | style="text-align: right;" |587,040 | style="text-align: right;" |20,653,556 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |35 |e-Antananarivo |- |{{flag|Malawi}}Malawi | style="text-align: right;" |118,480 | style="text-align: right;" |14,268,711 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |120 |e-Lilongwe |- |{{flag|Mauritius}}Mauritius | style="text-align: right;" |2,040 | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,264 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |630 |e-Port Louis |- |{{flag|Mayotte}}Mayotte (France) | style="text-align: right;" |374 | style="text-align: right;" |223,765 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |490 |e-Mamoudzou |- |{{flag|Mozambique}}Mozambique | style="text-align: right;" |801,590 | style="text-align: right;" |21,669,278 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |27 |e-Maputo |- | {{flag|Réunion}}Réunion (France) | style="text-align: right;" |2,512 | style="text-align: right;" |743,981 | style="text-align: right;" |2002 | style="text-align: right;" |296 |e-Saint-Denis |- |{{flag|Rwanda}}Rwanda | style="text-align: right;" |26,338 | style="text-align: right;" |10,473,282 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |398 |e-Kigali |- |{{flag|Seychelles}}Seychelles | style="text-align: right;" |455 | style="text-align: right;" |87,476 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |192 |e-Victoria |- |{{flag|South Sudan}}South Sudan | style="text-align: right;" |619,745 | style="text-align: right;" |8,260,490 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Juba |- |{{flag|Tanzania}}Tanzania | style="text-align: right;" |945,087 | style="text-align: right;" |44,929,002 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Dodoma |- |{{flag|Uganda}}Uganda | style="text-align: right;" |236,040 | style="text-align: right;" |32,369,558 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |137 |e-Kampala |- |{{flag|Zambia}}Zambia | style="text-align: right;" |752,614 | style="text-align: right;" |11,862,740 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |16 |e-Lusaka |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}}Zimbabwe | style="text-align: right;" |390,580 | style="text-align: right;" |11,392,629 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |29 |e-Harare |- | colspan="6" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center;" |'''Central Africa''' |- |{{flag|Angola}}Angola | style="text-align: right;" |1,246,700 | style="text-align: right;" |12,799,293 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Luanda |- |{{flag|Cameroon}}Cameroon | style="text-align: right;" |475,440 | style="text-align: right;" |18,879,301 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |40 |e-Yaoundé |- |{{flag|Central African Republic}}Central African Republic | style="text-align: right;" |622,984 | style="text-align: right;" |4,511,488 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |7 |e-Bangui |- |{{flag|Chad}}Chad | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,000 | style="text-align: right;" |10,329,208 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |8 |e-N'Djamena |- |{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |342,000 | style="text-align: right;" |4,012,809 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Brazzaville |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}Democratic Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |2,345,410 | style="text-align: right;" |69,575,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |30 |e-Kinshasa |- |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}Equatorial Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |28,051 | style="text-align: right;" |633,441 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |23 |e-Malabo |- |{{flag|Gabon}}Gabon | style="text-align: right;" |267,667 | style="text-align: right;" |1,514,993 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |6 |e-Libreville |- |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}São Tomé and Príncipe | style="text-align: right;" |1,001 | style="text-align: right;" |212,679 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |212 |e-São Tomé |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Southern Africa''' |- |{{flag|Botswana}}Botswana | style="text-align: right;" |600,370 | style="text-align: right;" |1,990,876 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Gaborone |- |{{flag|Lesotho}}Lesotho | style="text-align: right;" |30,355 | style="text-align: right;" |2,130,819 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Maseru |- |{{flag|Namibia}}Namibia | style="text-align: right;" |825,418 | style="text-align: right;" |2,108,665 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Windhoek |- |{{flag|South Africa}}South Africa | style="text-align: right;" |1,219,912 | style="text-align: right;" |51,770,560 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |42 |e-Bloemfontein, Cape Town, ePitoli |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}Swaziland | style="text-align: right;" |17,363 | style="text-align: right;" |1,123,913 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |65 |e-Mbabane |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''West Africa''' |- |{{flag|Benin}}Benin | style="text-align: right;" |112,620 | style="text-align: right;" |8,791,832 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Porto-Novo |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}}Burkina Faso | style="text-align: right;" |274,200 | style="text-align: right;" |15,746,232 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |57 |e-Ouagadougou |- |{{flag|Cape Verde}}Cape Verde | style="text-align: right;" |4,033 | style="text-align: right;" |429,474 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |107 |e-Praia |- |{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}Côte d'Ivoire | style="text-align: right;" |322,460 | style="text-align: right;" |20,617,068 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Abidjan, Yamoussoukro |- |{{flag|Gambia}}Gambia | style="text-align: right;" |11,300 | style="text-align: right;" |1,782,893 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |158 |e-Banjul |- |{{flag|Ghana}}Ghana | style="text-align: right;" |239,460 | style="text-align: right;" |23,832,495 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |100 |e-Accra |- |{{flag|Guinea}}Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |245,857 | style="text-align: right;" |10,057,975 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |41 |e-Conakry |- |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}Guinea-Bissau | style="text-align: right;" |36,120 | style="text-align: right;" |1,533,964 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Bissau |- |{{flag|Liberia}}Liberia | style="text-align: right;" |111,370 | style="text-align: right;" |3,441,790 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |31 |e-Monrovia |- |{{flag|Mali}}Mali | style="text-align: right;" |1,240,000 | style="text-align: right;" |12,666,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Bamako |- |{{flag|Mauritania}}Mauritania | style="text-align: right;" |1,030,700 | style="text-align: right;" |3,129,486 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Nouakchott |- |{{flag|Niger}}Niger | style="text-align: right;" |1,267,000 | style="text-align: right;" |15,306,252 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Niamey |- |{{flag|Nigeria}}Nigeria | style="text-align: right;" |923,768 | style="text-align: right;" |166,629,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |180 |e-Abuja |- |{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">2</div></div></div></div>{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) | style="text-align: right;" |420 | style="text-align: right;" |7,728 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Jamestown |- |{{flag|Senegal}}Senegal | style="text-align: right;" |196,190 | style="text-align: right;" |13,711,597 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Dakar |- |{{flag|Sierra Leone}}Sierra Leone | style="text-align: right;" |71,740 | style="text-align: right;" |6,440,053 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |90 |e-Freetown |- |{{flag|Togo}}Togo | style="text-align: right;" |56,785 | style="text-align: right;" |6,019,877 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |106 |e-Lomé |- style="font-weight: bold; background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" |&nbsp; Africa Total | style="text-align: right;" |30,368,609 | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,320,281 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |33 |} </center> == Imithombo == {{Flag|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika| ]] 8wubjesdkvn2e2zga6nfvptnnhkzzn5 40799 40760 2026-06-12T08:47:58Z KreleSword 16118 Improving contents 40799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|Imephu yeHlabathi ebonisa okokuba iphi kanye i-Afrika le]] == '''I-Afrika''' [[Amazwekazi|lilizwekazi]] iilizwekazi phakathi kwamanye amazwekazi asixhenxe emhlabeni. Ubukhulubalo limalunga nesiqingatha sesihlanu emhlabeni wonke uphela. lijikelelzwe ngeziphaluka ezinkulu zamanz'olwandle. Angama-54 amazwe waziwa ngokupheleleyo, nazimeleyo e-Afrika, kwaye abantu abaphila kweli lizwekazi bangali-14.7% (i-1.216 lezigidigidi) . Kucingwa ukuba le nto ingumntu yaqala ukuvela kweli lizwekazi laseAfrika.  == == '''Imbali''' == [[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|thumb|Intlalo phambi kokuba kufike ubukoloni baseYurophu.]] Imbali yase-Afrika yaqala ukungena kwimpucuko okokuqala kwisidalwa esingumntu yaqhuba ke de kwayile meko imanyukunyezi sintyumpa-ntyumpeka kuyo kungoku nje ngelizwekazi eliyalingena nzulu kwezopolitiiko. Ixesha elingembali ye-Afrika kudala-dala liquka ukuqandusela kwempucuko eJiphethe, ukwanda kwempucuko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ezingaphandle komlambo i- Nile River Valley kwanentsebenziswano eyayiphakathi wabo nempucuko eyayingaphandle kwemida yase-Afrika. Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-7 usiya ngasekupheleni, iNtshona, neMpuma ye-Afrika zonganyelwa lifuthe lobusilamsi elalisasazeke kuzo zombini ezi ziphaluka.    Loo nto yangunozala wemeko yokokuba kubonakale ngathi kukho amasiko amatsha athe gqi qhaphu, anje ngala siwabonayo namhlanje  angawa bantu besiSwahili. Oku kwabakwangunozala wokwanda kokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka, nokwaba nefuthe elibi ngokumangalisayo ekudodobaleni kwenkqubela kuphuhliso lweli lizwekazi liphela de kwangumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19. === Ubukhoboka === Ubukhoboka ngumkhuba obusoloko usenziwa e-Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesixhenxe namashumi amabini,  Ushishino ngamakhoboka olwalusenziwa ngama-Arabhu lwathatha izigidi ezili-18 zabantu e-Afrika, lwabenza  amakhoboka, ama-Arabhu ayebathatha ke aba bantu e-Afrika banqumle ngomzila ogqitha eSaharan uyekunqumla ngolwandle lwase-Indiya. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kweshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinethoba  (ama-500 yeminyaka), kushishino ngamakhoboka lwase-Atlantika kuqikelelwa okokuba kwathathwa  abantu  ababemalunga  nezigidi ezisi-7–12 bayakwenziwa amakhoboka kwiHlabathi eliTsha. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kwe- 1808 ne-1860, Umkhosi waseBritane wanqakula iinqanawa zamakhoboka ezazimalunga ne-1,600 waza wemka nama-150,000 amaAfrika wayelapho. [[File:Colonial_Africa_1914_map.png|left|thumb|234x234px|Areas of Africa under the control or influence of European nations in 1914 (at outbreak of World War I).]] === Ubukoloni === Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yeshumi elithoba usiya ngasesipehlweni, umkhosi waseYurophu wahlala kumhlaba omninzi weli lizwekazi, nalo lonke ke elo xesha uguqula imimandla emininzi yeli lizwekazi uyifaka ingqondo yobukoloni. Waza wakhuthaza okokuba ezinye iindawo zibe ziindawo ezixomekekileyo nezingazimelanga ngokokwazo. Washiya oorhulumente ababini kuphela, ababangoorhulumente abazimele geqe. Kwaba yiTopiya  (eyaziwa ngamaYurophu njenge"Abyssinia"), neLiberia. IJiphethe neSudan wazizange zona zibekwe phantsi kobukumkani bobukoloni baseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iBritane ithe yayakuhlala kweli lizwekazi ngo-1882, iJiphethe yabaphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane ngokupheleleyo de kwango-1922. === Imbali yangoku === Iintshukumo zokuzimela geqe kweAfrika zaphumelela okokuqala ngo-1951, xa iLibya yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukukhululeka njengelizwe elaliphantsi kwengcinezelo yobukoloni, latsho laba lilizwe elizimeleyo.   Imbali emalunga ne-Afrika ibisoloko izele zizivunguvungu zovukelo mbuso neemfazwe, kwabe kwelinye icala kukhula impucuko kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika, kukhula noburhulumente bentando yesininzi kwiafrika yonke iphela.  Imfazwe yobukhaya kwilizwe eliyi-Democratic Republic of the Congo (neyayisayakubizwa nge-Zaire) yaaqala ngo-1998. Abamelwane bamazwe ase-Afrika aazibandakanya nawo. Okoko kwathi kwaqala olu ngquzulwano, zizigidi ezi-5,5 eziqikelelwa okokuba zafa ngenxa yalo. Unxulumano ngezopolitiko olufana nomanyano lwe-afrika (i-African Union) yanika ithemba ngentsebenziswano noxolo olumandla phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi eli lizwekazi.  == '''Imozulu''' == [[File:Vegetation_Africa.png|thumb|200x200px|Izidalwa eziphilayo zase-Africa]] Ukusukela emntla ukuya emzantsi, i-Afrika ineentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu. Zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka emantla:     # Imozulu ye-Alpine neye-mediterranean  <br> # Intlango eyomileyo nenentlabathi # I-Savanna ethande ukoma (umhlaba wengca)<br> # Imvula yamahlathi # Umhlaba unexhaxhe ngemgca # Intlango eyome kakhulu # Intab'etafile Ukusuka kumntla-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi kukho umhlaba omkhulu onomlambo oseMpuma ye-Afrika. lo mhlaba uneentaba, uneziganeko zodubulo-mhlaba, iindonga, ezinzulu, kunye nemihlaba eyondeleleneyo, imilambo neengxangxasi zamanzi.  Singatsho nje ngokupheleleyo okokuba i-Afrika inemizekelo yeentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu.  === Ukuna kwemvula === [[File:Rain_shadow.svg|thumb|200x200px|Igama lesithunzi semvula, kodwa ibe ikhatshwa lugquthe oluvela entshona.  ]] [[File:Africa_FebAug.gif|thumb|212x212px|imifanekiso ebonakalisa okokuba luxhaphake phi na uhlaza ngenyanga yomDumba nangeyeThupha (phambi nasemva kwehlobo.  ]] Ubukhulu becala umntla Afrika wome kakhulu kwaye unobushushu obuphezulu.  Wonganyelwe yintlango yaseSahar kwaye awufumani mvula ingakanani. KwiSahara- -Africa imbalwa imilambo kwakunye neminye imithombo yamanzi.  Amanzi afunyanwa phantsi komhlaba afana namanzi omthombo abaluleke kakhulu entlango.  Le nto ke yenza ukuba kubekho indawo enohlaza (izityalo ezimila apho) eyintlango. Loo ndawo ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-oasis ngesilungu.  Kwesa siphaluka sehlabathi umoya ovuthuzayo uvela empuma ubukhulu becala.  Oko ke kuzisa imvula, kodwa ke i-Himalayas kunye ne-Tibetan Plateau zivalela imvula  eyi-monsoon kwaye zithintela ukuba ingakwazi ukungena kwiNtshona yaseAfrika.  Kananjalo, iintaba ze-Atlas kufuphi nonxweme olusemantla e-Afrika zinqanda imvula ukuba ingangeni kumntla. Esi sesinye isithunzi semvula.  Owona msebenzi wezi zithunzi zemvula zimbini kukujongana nentlango yaseSahara.   Iimeko zobeme bezulu kunye neenkqwithelo ziya zisahluka ngokuya zihambela zisiya emzantsi, apho kukho uthotho ne-equator. I-equator ihamba inqumle umbindi we-afrika  (Jonga umgca obomvu okrwelwe kwimephu). Ok kuthetha okokuba ubukhulu becala be-Afrika buphakathi kweezi tropica zimbini:   # I-Tropic yeCancer # I-Tropic yeCapricorn == '''Izityalo nezilwanyana''' == [[File:Libyen-oase1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Le-oasis, okanye lo mfula useLibya, unezityalo ezininzi ezikhulayo neziwujikelezileyo.  ]] I-Africa inezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi. Zininzi iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana apha. Kungoku nje likukuphela kwelizwekazi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinkulu.  Ezinye zazo zivela ziyintaphane, yamanani amakhulu.  Kukho ''ii-antelope, I-buffalo, [[Iqwarhashe|imbabala]], i-cheetah, [[Indlovu|imfene]], indlovu,'' ''i-giraffe, i-rhinoceros, ii-apes, i-hyaena'', nezinye nezinye. Zingaphaya kwamawaka ama-2 iintlobo zee[[Intlanzi|ntlanzi]] ezihlala kwii-lakes na[[Umlambo|kwimilambo yaseAfrika.]] == '''Ipolitiki''' == Umbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseAfrika The Umbutho womanyano lwelizwekazi i-Afrika (ngesiNgesi ushunqulwa ube ngu-AU) ngumbutho welizwekazi jikelele oyingqokolela yawo onke amazwe ase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMorocco. Injongo yalo mbutho kukuphucula uqoqosho kwintlalo yaseAfrika,   amalungu olu manyano lwe-commonwealth, lube kuhulumente ophantsi kweenguquko ezifunyaniswe kwihlabathi. Umbutho wamazwe aseAfrika unepalamente yaseburhulumenteni, eyaziwa ngokuba nguRhulumente wamazwe Afrika emanyeneyo. ekukho kuye i-legislative, inkundla yomthetho, kunye nee-executive organs. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli nayinkokeli yesizwe, nokwanguMongameli we-Pan African Parliament. Umntu uba nguMongameli we-AU ngokonyulelwa kwi-PAP, aze abe ufumane inkxaso emandla kwi-PAP. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenzeka nangoku kwiindawo eziliqela apha e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphosanayo neliso likarhulumente. Obo bundlobongela obunjalo benzeka ngenxa yezopolitiko,  budla ngokuba ngunozala wengxaki yemfazwe yobukhaya. Amazwe athe axelwa kutsha nje njengawona mazwe atyeshela amalungelo abantu ngala alandelayo:  ''i-Uganda, i-Sierra Leone, i-Liberia, i-Sudan, i-Zimbabwe, kunye ne-Côte d'Ivoire.'' == '''Abantu''' == Abantu abavela e-Afrika babizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika. Abantu abavela entshona - Afrika we-Sahara babizwa ngokuba ngama-Maghrebis baze bona abavela emzantsi babizwe ngokuba ngama-Subsaharans. Iilwimi ezisemazantsi e-Afrika ziquka isiSwahili, isi-Oromo kunye nesi-Amharic. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa emantla e-Afrika ziquka isiLingala, isi-Igbo kunye neziFulani. Elona lizwe linabantu abaninzi e-Afrika yiNigeria.  == '''Countries''' == <center class="" style=""> {| style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" ! Country ! Area<br> (km²) ! Population ! Year ! Density<br> (per km²) ! [[IKomkhulu|Capital]] |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Northern Africa''' |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} | style="text-align: right;" |2,381,740 | style="text-align: right;" |34,178,188 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |14 |e-Algiers |- |{{Flag|Canary Islands}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |7,492 | style="text-align: right;" |2,118,519 | style="text-align: right;" |2010 | style="text-align: right;" |226 |e-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,<br> e-Santa Cruz de Tenerife |- |{{Flag|Ceuta}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |18.5 | style="text-align: right;" |82,376 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |4,453 |— |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,450 | style="text-align: right;" |82,868,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |83 |e-Cairo |- |{{Flag|Libya}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,759,540 | style="text-align: right;" |6,310,434 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |4 |e-Tripoli |- |{{Flag|Madeira}} (Portugal) | style="text-align: right;" |797 | style="text-align: right;" |245,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |307 |e-Funchal |- |{{Flag|Melilla}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |12 | style="text-align: right;" |66,411 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |5,534 |— |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} | style="text-align: right;" |446,550 | style="text-align: right;" |34,859,364 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Rabat |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,861,484 | style="text-align: right;" |30,894,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |17 |e-Khartoum |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} | style="text-align: right;" |163,610 | style="text-align: right;" |10,486,339 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Tunis |- |&nbsp; Western Sahara | style="text-align: right;" |266,000 | style="text-align: right;" |405,210 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |2 |e-El Aaiún |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Horn of Africa''' |- |[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|22x22px]]&nbsp;<div class="cx-overlay"><div class="cx-spinner"><div class="bounce1"></div><div class="bounce2"></div><div class="bounce3"></div></div></div>{{flag|Djibouti}}Djibouti | style="text-align: right;" |23,000 | style="text-align: right;" |623,891 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |22 |e-Djibouti |- |{{flag|Eritrea}}Eritrea | style="text-align: right;" |121,320 | style="text-align: right;" |5,647,168 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |47 |e-Asmara |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,127,127 | style="text-align: right;" |84,320,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |75 |e-Addis Ababa |- |{{flag|Somalia}}Somalia | style="text-align: right;" |637,657 | style="text-align: right;" |9,832,017 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |15 |e-Mogadishu |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''East Africa''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}}Burundi | style="text-align: right;" |27,830 | style="text-align: right;" |8,988,091 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |323 |e-Bujumbura |- |{{flag|Comoros}}Comoros | style="text-align: right;" |2,170 | style="text-align: right;" |752,438 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |347 |e-Moroni |- |{{flag|Kenya}}Kenya | style="text-align: right;" |582,650 | style="text-align: right;" |39,002,772 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |66 |e-Nairobi |- |{{flag|Madagascar}}Madagascar | style="text-align: right;" |587,040 | style="text-align: right;" |20,653,556 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |35 |e-Antananarivo |- |{{flag|Malawi}}Malawi | style="text-align: right;" |118,480 | style="text-align: right;" |14,268,711 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |120 |e-Lilongwe |- |{{flag|Mauritius}}Mauritius | style="text-align: right;" |2,040 | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,264 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |630 |e-Port Louis |- |{{flag|Mayotte}}Mayotte (France) | style="text-align: right;" |374 | style="text-align: right;" |223,765 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |490 |e-Mamoudzou |- |{{flag|Mozambique}}Mozambique | style="text-align: right;" |801,590 | style="text-align: right;" |21,669,278 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |27 |e-Maputo |- | {{flag|Réunion}}Réunion (France) | style="text-align: right;" |2,512 | style="text-align: right;" |743,981 | style="text-align: right;" |2002 | style="text-align: right;" |296 |e-Saint-Denis |- |{{flag|Rwanda}}Rwanda | style="text-align: right;" |26,338 | style="text-align: right;" |10,473,282 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |398 |e-Kigali |- |{{flag|Seychelles}}Seychelles | style="text-align: right;" |455 | style="text-align: right;" |87,476 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |192 |e-Victoria |- |{{flag|South Sudan}}South Sudan | style="text-align: right;" |619,745 | style="text-align: right;" |8,260,490 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Juba |- |{{flag|Tanzania}}Tanzania | style="text-align: right;" |945,087 | style="text-align: right;" |44,929,002 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Dodoma |- |{{flag|Uganda}}Uganda | style="text-align: right;" |236,040 | style="text-align: right;" |32,369,558 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |137 |e-Kampala |- |{{flag|Zambia}}Zambia | style="text-align: right;" |752,614 | style="text-align: right;" |11,862,740 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |16 |e-Lusaka |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}}Zimbabwe | style="text-align: right;" |390,580 | style="text-align: right;" |11,392,629 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |29 |e-Harare |- | colspan="6" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center;" |'''Central Africa''' |- |{{flag|Angola}}Angola | style="text-align: right;" |1,246,700 | style="text-align: right;" |12,799,293 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Luanda |- |{{flag|Cameroon}}Cameroon | style="text-align: right;" |475,440 | style="text-align: right;" |18,879,301 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |40 |e-Yaoundé |- |{{flag|Central African Republic}}Central African Republic | style="text-align: right;" |622,984 | style="text-align: right;" |4,511,488 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |7 |e-Bangui |- |{{flag|Chad}}Chad | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,000 | style="text-align: right;" |10,329,208 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |8 |e-N'Djamena |- |{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |342,000 | style="text-align: right;" |4,012,809 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Brazzaville |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}Democratic Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |2,345,410 | style="text-align: right;" |69,575,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |30 |e-Kinshasa |- |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}Equatorial Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |28,051 | style="text-align: right;" |633,441 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |23 |e-Malabo |- |{{flag|Gabon}}Gabon | style="text-align: right;" |267,667 | style="text-align: right;" |1,514,993 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |6 |e-Libreville |- |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}São Tomé and Príncipe | style="text-align: right;" |1,001 | style="text-align: right;" |212,679 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |212 |e-São Tomé |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Southern Africa''' |- |{{flag|Botswana}}Botswana | style="text-align: right;" |600,370 | style="text-align: right;" |1,990,876 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Gaborone |- |{{flag|Lesotho}}Lesotho | style="text-align: right;" |30,355 | style="text-align: right;" |2,130,819 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Maseru |- |{{flag|Namibia}}Namibia | style="text-align: right;" |825,418 | style="text-align: right;" |2,108,665 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Windhoek |- |{{flag|South Africa}}South Africa | style="text-align: right;" |1,219,912 | style="text-align: right;" |51,770,560 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |42 |e-Bloemfontein, Cape Town, ePitoli |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}Swaziland | style="text-align: right;" |17,363 | style="text-align: right;" |1,123,913 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |65 |e-Mbabane |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''West Africa''' |- |{{flag|Benin}}Benin | style="text-align: right;" |112,620 | style="text-align: right;" |8,791,832 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Porto-Novo |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}}Burkina Faso | style="text-align: right;" |274,200 | style="text-align: right;" |15,746,232 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |57 |e-Ouagadougou |- |{{flag|Cape Verde}}Cape Verde | style="text-align: right;" |4,033 | style="text-align: right;" |429,474 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |107 |e-Praia |- |{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}Côte d'Ivoire | style="text-align: right;" |322,460 | style="text-align: right;" |20,617,068 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Abidjan, Yamoussoukro |- |{{flag|Gambia}}Gambia | style="text-align: right;" |11,300 | style="text-align: right;" |1,782,893 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |158 |e-Banjul |- |{{flag|Ghana}}Ghana | style="text-align: right;" |239,460 | style="text-align: right;" |23,832,495 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |100 |e-Accra |- |{{flag|Guinea}}Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |245,857 | style="text-align: right;" |10,057,975 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |41 |e-Conakry |- |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}Guinea-Bissau | style="text-align: right;" |36,120 | style="text-align: right;" |1,533,964 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Bissau |- |{{flag|Liberia}}Liberia | style="text-align: right;" |111,370 | style="text-align: right;" |3,441,790 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |31 |e-Monrovia |- |{{flag|Mali}}Mali | style="text-align: right;" |1,240,000 | style="text-align: right;" |12,666,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Bamako |- |{{flag|Mauritania}}Mauritania | style="text-align: right;" |1,030,700 | style="text-align: right;" |3,129,486 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Nouakchott |- |{{flag|Niger}}Niger | style="text-align: right;" |1,267,000 | style="text-align: right;" |15,306,252 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Niamey |- |{{flag|Nigeria}}Nigeria | style="text-align: right;" |923,768 | style="text-align: right;" |166,629,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |180 |e-Abuja |- |{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">2</div></div></div></div>{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) | style="text-align: right;" |420 | style="text-align: right;" |7,728 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Jamestown |- |{{flag|Senegal}}Senegal | style="text-align: right;" |196,190 | style="text-align: right;" |13,711,597 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Dakar |- |{{flag|Sierra Leone}}Sierra Leone | style="text-align: right;" |71,740 | style="text-align: right;" |6,440,053 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |90 |e-Freetown |- |{{flag|Togo}}Togo | style="text-align: right;" |56,785 | style="text-align: right;" |6,019,877 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |106 |e-Lomé |- style="font-weight: bold; background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" |&nbsp; Africa Total | style="text-align: right;" |30,368,609 | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,320,281 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |33 |} </center> == Imithombo == {{Flag|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika| ]] bnhyd6grc9mt6ni0yg1fsw7urm0c3dk 40800 40799 2026-06-12T08:49:35Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]) to last version by NDG: reverting vandalism 39114 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|Imephu yeHlabathi ebonisa okokuba iphi kanye i-Afrika le]] '''I-Afrika''' [[Amazwekazi|lilizwekazi]] iilizwekazi phakathi kwamanye amazwekazi asixhenxe emhlabeni. Ubukhulubalo limalunga nesiqingatha sesihlanu emhlabeni wonke uphela. lijikelelzwe ngeziphaluka ezinkulu zamanz'olwandle. Angama-54 amazwe waziwa ngokupheleleyo, nazimeleyo e-Afrika, kwaye abantu abaphila kweli lizwekazi bangali-14.7% (i-1.216 lezigidigidi) . Kucingwa ukuba le nto ingumntu yaqala ukuvela kweli lizwekazi laseAfrika.  == Imbali == [[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|thumb|Intlalo phambi kokuba kufike ubukoloni baseYurophu.]] Imbali yase-Afrika yaqala ukungena kwimpucuko okokuqala kwisidalwa esingumntu yaqhuba ke de kwayile meko imanyukunyezi sintyumpa-ntyumpeka kuyo kungoku nje ngelizwekazi eliyalingena nzulu kwezopolitiiko. Ixesha elingembali ye-Afrika kudala-dala liquka ukuqandusela kwempucuko eJiphethe, ukwanda kwempucuko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ezingaphandle komlambo i- Nile River Valley kwanentsebenziswano eyayiphakathi wabo nempucuko eyayingaphandle kwemida yase-Afrika. Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yesi-7 usiya ngasekupheleni, iNtshona, neMpuma ye-Afrika zonganyelwa lifuthe lobusilamsi elalisasazeke kuzo zombini ezi ziphaluka.    Loo nto yangunozala wemeko yokokuba kubonakale ngathi kukho amasiko amatsha athe gqi qhaphu, anje ngala siwabonayo namhlanje  angawa bantu besiSwahili. Oku kwabakwangunozala wokwanda kokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka, nokwaba nefuthe elibi ngokumangalisayo ekudodobaleni kwenkqubela kuphuhliso lweli lizwekazi liphela de kwangumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19. === Ubukhoboka === Ubukhoboka ngumkhuba obusoloko usenziwa e-Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka yenkulungwane yesixhenxe namashumi amabini,  Ushishino ngamakhoboka olwalusenziwa ngama-Arabhu lwathatha izigidi ezili-18 zabantu e-Afrika, lwabenza  amakhoboka, ama-Arabhu ayebathatha ke aba bantu e-Afrika banqumle ngomzila ogqitha eSaharan uyekunqumla ngolwandle lwase-Indiya. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kweshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinethoba  (ama-500 yeminyaka), kushishino ngamakhoboka lwase-Atlantika kuqikelelwa okokuba kwathathwa  abantu  ababemalunga  nezigidi ezisi-7–12 bayakwenziwa amakhoboka kwiHlabathi eliTsha. Kwiminyaka yenkulungwane ephakathi kwe- 1808 ne-1860, Umkhosi waseBritane wanqakula iinqanawa zamakhoboka ezazimalunga ne-1,600 waza wemka nama-150,000 amaAfrika wayelapho. [[File:Colonial_Africa_1914_map.png|left|thumb|234x234px|Areas of Africa under the control or influence of European nations in 1914 (at outbreak of World War I).]] === Ubukoloni === Kwathi xa umnyaka wenkulungwane yeshumi elithoba usiya ngasesipehlweni, umkhosi waseYurophu wahlala kumhlaba omninzi weli lizwekazi, nalo lonke ke elo xesha uguqula imimandla emininzi yeli lizwekazi uyifaka ingqondo yobukoloni. Waza wakhuthaza okokuba ezinye iindawo zibe ziindawo ezixomekekileyo nezingazimelanga ngokokwazo. Washiya oorhulumente ababini kuphela, ababangoorhulumente abazimele geqe. Kwaba yiTopiya  (eyaziwa ngamaYurophu njenge"Abyssinia"), neLiberia. IJiphethe neSudan wazizange zona zibekwe phantsi kobukumkani bobukoloni baseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iBritane ithe yayakuhlala kweli lizwekazi ngo-1882, iJiphethe yabaphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane ngokupheleleyo de kwango-1922. === Imbali yangoku === Iintshukumo zokuzimela geqe kweAfrika zaphumelela okokuqala ngo-1951, xa iLibya yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukukhululeka njengelizwe elaliphantsi kwengcinezelo yobukoloni, latsho laba lilizwe elizimeleyo.   Imbali emalunga ne-Afrika ibisoloko izele zizivunguvungu zovukelo mbuso neemfazwe, kwabe kwelinye icala kukhula impucuko kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika, kukhula noburhulumente bentando yesininzi kwiafrika yonke iphela.  Imfazwe yobukhaya kwilizwe eliyi-Democratic Republic of the Congo (neyayisayakubizwa nge-Zaire) yaaqala ngo-1998. Abamelwane bamazwe ase-Afrika aazibandakanya nawo. Okoko kwathi kwaqala olu ngquzulwano, zizigidi ezi-5,5 eziqikelelwa okokuba zafa ngenxa yalo. Unxulumano ngezopolitiko olufana nomanyano lwe-afrika (i-African Union) yanika ithemba ngentsebenziswano noxolo olumandla phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi eli lizwekazi.  == Imozulu == [[File:Vegetation_Africa.png|thumb|200x200px|Izidalwa eziphilayo zase-Africa]] Ukusukela emntla ukuya emzantsi, i-Afrika ineentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu. Zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka emantla:     * Imozulu ye-Alpine neye-mediterranean  <br> * Intlango eyomileyo nenentlabathi * I-Savanna ethande ukoma (umhlaba wengca)<br> * Imvula yamahlathi * Umhlaba unexhaxhe ngemgca * Intlango eyome kakhulu * Intab'etafile Ukusuka kumntla-mpuma ukuya kumzantsi kukho umhlaba omkhulu onomlambo oseMpuma ye-Afrika. lo mhlaba uneentaba, uneziganeko zodubulo-mhlaba, iindonga, ezinzulu, kunye nemihlaba eyondeleleneyo, imilambo neengxangxasi zamanzi.  Singatsho nje ngokupheleleyo okokuba i-Afrika inemizekelo yeentlobo-ntlobo zemozulu.  === Ukuna kwemvula === [[File:Rain_shadow.svg|thumb|200x200px|Igama lesithunzi semvula, kodwa ibe ikhatshwa lugquthe oluvela entshona.  ]] [[File:Africa_FebAug.gif|thumb|212x212px|imifanekiso ebonakalisa okokuba luxhaphake phi na uhlaza ngenyanga yomDumba nangeyeThupha (phambi nasemva kwehlobo.  ]] Ubukhulu becala umntla Afrika wome kakhulu kwaye unobushushu obuphezulu.  Wonganyelwe yintlango yaseSahar kwaye awufumani mvula ingakanani. KwiSahara- -Africa imbalwa imilambo kwakunye neminye imithombo yamanzi.  Amanzi afunyanwa phantsi komhlaba afana namanzi omthombo abaluleke kakhulu entlango.  Le nto ke yenza ukuba kubekho indawo enohlaza (izityalo ezimila apho) eyintlango. Loo ndawo ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-oasis ngesilungu.  Kwesa siphaluka sehlabathi umoya ovuthuzayo uvela empuma ubukhulu becala.  Oko ke kuzisa imvula, kodwa ke i-Himalayas kunye ne-Tibetan Plateau zivalela imvula  eyi-monsoon kwaye zithintela ukuba ingakwazi ukungena kwiNtshona yaseAfrika.  Kananjalo, iintaba ze-Atlas kufuphi nonxweme olusemantla e-Afrika zinqanda imvula ukuba ingangeni kumntla. Esi sesinye isithunzi semvula.  Owona msebenzi wezi zithunzi zemvula zimbini kukujongana nentlango yaseSahara.   Iimeko zobeme bezulu kunye neenkqwithelo ziya zisahluka ngokuya zihambela zisiya emzantsi, apho kukho uthotho ne-equator. I-equator ihamba inqumle umbindi we-afrika  (Jonga umgca obomvu okrwelwe kwimephu). Ok kuthetha okokuba ubukhulu becala be-Afrika buphakathi kweezi tropica zimbini:   * I-Tropic yeCancer * I-Tropic yeCapricorn == Izityalo nezilwanyana == [[File:Libyen-oase1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Le-oasis, okanye lo mfula useLibya, unezityalo ezininzi ezikhulayo neziwujikelezileyo.  ]] I-Africa inezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi. Zininzi iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana apha. Kungoku nje likukuphela kwelizwekazi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinkulu.  Ezinye zazo zivela ziyintaphane, yamanani amakhulu.  Kukho ii-antelope, I-buffalo, [[Iqwarhashe|imbabala]], i-cheetah, [[Indlovu|imfene]], indlovu, i-giraffe, i-rhinoceros, ii-apes, i-hyaena, nezinye nezinye. Zingaphaya kwamawaka ama-2 iintlobo zee[[Intlanzi|ntlanzi]] ezihlala kwii-lakes na[[Umlambo|kwimilambo yaseAfrika.]] == Ipolitiki == Umbutho wezizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseAfrika The Umbutho womanyano lwelizwekazi i-Afrika (ngesiNgesi ushunqulwa ube ngu-AU) ngumbutho welizwekazi jikelele oyingqokolela yawo onke amazwe ase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMorocco. Injongo yalo mbutho kukuphucula uqoqosho kwintlalo yaseAfrika,   amalungu olu manyano lwe-commonwealth, lube kuhulumente ophantsi kweenguquko ezifunyaniswe kwihlabathi. Umbutho wamazwe aseAfrika unepalamente yaseburhulumenteni, eyaziwa ngokuba nguRhulumente wamazwe Afrika emanyeneyo. ekukho kuye i-legislative, inkundla yomthetho, kunye nee-executive organs. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli nayinkokeli yesizwe, nokwanguMongameli we-Pan African Parliament. Umntu uba nguMongameli we-AU ngokonyulelwa kwi-PAP, aze abe ufumane inkxaso emandla kwi-PAP. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenzeka nangoku kwiindawo eziliqela apha e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphosanayo neliso likarhulumente. Obo bundlobongela obunjalo benzeka ngenxa yezopolitiko,  budla ngokuba ngunozala wengxaki yemfazwe yobukhaya. Amazwe athe axelwa kutsha nje njengawona mazwe atyeshela amalungelo abantu ngala alandelayo:  i-Uganda, i-Sierra Leone, i-Liberia, i-Sudan, i-Zimbabwe, kunye ne-Côte d'Ivoire. == Abantu == Abantu abavela e-Afrika babizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika. Abantu abavela entshona - Afrika we-Sahara babizwa ngokuba ngama-Maghrebis baze bona abavela emzantsi babizwe ngokuba ngama-Subsaharans. Iilwimi ezisemazantsi e-Afrika ziquka isiSwahili, isi-Oromo kunye nesi-Amharic. Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa emantla e-Afrika ziquka isiLingala, isi-Igbo kunye neziFulani. Elona lizwe linabantu abaninzi e-Afrika yiNigeria.  == Countries == <center class="" style=""> {| style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" ! Country ! Area<br> (km²) ! Population ! Year ! Density<br> (per km²) ! [[IKomkhulu|Capital]] |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Northern Africa''' |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} | style="text-align: right;" |2,381,740 | style="text-align: right;" |34,178,188 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |14 |e-Algiers |- |{{Flag|Canary Islands}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |7,492 | style="text-align: right;" |2,118,519 | style="text-align: right;" |2010 | style="text-align: right;" |226 |e-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,<br> e-Santa Cruz de Tenerife |- |{{Flag|Ceuta}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |18.5 | style="text-align: right;" |82,376 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |4,453 |— |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,450 | style="text-align: right;" |82,868,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |83 |e-Cairo |- |{{Flag|Libya}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,759,540 | style="text-align: right;" |6,310,434 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |4 |e-Tripoli |- |{{Flag|Madeira}} (Portugal) | style="text-align: right;" |797 | style="text-align: right;" |245,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |307 |e-Funchal |- |{{Flag|Melilla}} (Spain) | style="text-align: right;" |12 | style="text-align: right;" |66,411 | style="text-align: right;" |2001 | style="text-align: right;" |5,534 |— |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} | style="text-align: right;" |446,550 | style="text-align: right;" |34,859,364 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Rabat |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,861,484 | style="text-align: right;" |30,894,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |17 |e-Khartoum |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} | style="text-align: right;" |163,610 | style="text-align: right;" |10,486,339 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Tunis |- |&nbsp; Western Sahara | style="text-align: right;" |266,000 | style="text-align: right;" |405,210 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |2 |e-El Aaiún |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Horn of Africa''' |- |[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|22x22px]]&nbsp;<div class="cx-overlay"><div class="cx-spinner"><div class="bounce1"></div><div class="bounce2"></div><div class="bounce3"></div></div></div>{{flag|Djibouti}}Djibouti | style="text-align: right;" |23,000 | style="text-align: right;" |623,891 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |22 |e-Djibouti |- |{{flag|Eritrea}}Eritrea | style="text-align: right;" |121,320 | style="text-align: right;" |5,647,168 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |47 |e-Asmara |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align: right;" |1,127,127 | style="text-align: right;" |84,320,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |75 |e-Addis Ababa |- |{{flag|Somalia}}Somalia | style="text-align: right;" |637,657 | style="text-align: right;" |9,832,017 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |15 |e-Mogadishu |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''East Africa''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}}Burundi | style="text-align: right;" |27,830 | style="text-align: right;" |8,988,091 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |323 |e-Bujumbura |- |{{flag|Comoros}}Comoros | style="text-align: right;" |2,170 | style="text-align: right;" |752,438 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |347 |e-Moroni |- |{{flag|Kenya}}Kenya | style="text-align: right;" |582,650 | style="text-align: right;" |39,002,772 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |66 |e-Nairobi |- |{{flag|Madagascar}}Madagascar | style="text-align: right;" |587,040 | style="text-align: right;" |20,653,556 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |35 |e-Antananarivo |- |{{flag|Malawi}}Malawi | style="text-align: right;" |118,480 | style="text-align: right;" |14,268,711 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |120 |e-Lilongwe |- |{{flag|Mauritius}}Mauritius | style="text-align: right;" |2,040 | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,264 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |630 |e-Port Louis |- |{{flag|Mayotte}}Mayotte (France) | style="text-align: right;" |374 | style="text-align: right;" |223,765 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |490 |e-Mamoudzou |- |{{flag|Mozambique}}Mozambique | style="text-align: right;" |801,590 | style="text-align: right;" |21,669,278 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |27 |e-Maputo |- | {{flag|Réunion}}Réunion (France) | style="text-align: right;" |2,512 | style="text-align: right;" |743,981 | style="text-align: right;" |2002 | style="text-align: right;" |296 |e-Saint-Denis |- |{{flag|Rwanda}}Rwanda | style="text-align: right;" |26,338 | style="text-align: right;" |10,473,282 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |398 |e-Kigali |- |{{flag|Seychelles}}Seychelles | style="text-align: right;" |455 | style="text-align: right;" |87,476 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |192 |e-Victoria |- |{{flag|South Sudan}}South Sudan | style="text-align: right;" |619,745 | style="text-align: right;" |8,260,490 | style="text-align: right;" |2008 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Juba |- |{{flag|Tanzania}}Tanzania | style="text-align: right;" |945,087 | style="text-align: right;" |44,929,002 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Dodoma |- |{{flag|Uganda}}Uganda | style="text-align: right;" |236,040 | style="text-align: right;" |32,369,558 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |137 |e-Kampala |- |{{flag|Zambia}}Zambia | style="text-align: right;" |752,614 | style="text-align: right;" |11,862,740 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |16 |e-Lusaka |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}}Zimbabwe | style="text-align: right;" |390,580 | style="text-align: right;" |11,392,629 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |29 |e-Harare |- | colspan="6" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center;" |'''Central Africa''' |- |{{flag|Angola}}Angola | style="text-align: right;" |1,246,700 | style="text-align: right;" |12,799,293 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Luanda |- |{{flag|Cameroon}}Cameroon | style="text-align: right;" |475,440 | style="text-align: right;" |18,879,301 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |40 |e-Yaoundé |- |{{flag|Central African Republic}}Central African Republic | style="text-align: right;" |622,984 | style="text-align: right;" |4,511,488 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |7 |e-Bangui |- |{{flag|Chad}}Chad | style="text-align: right;" |1,284,000 | style="text-align: right;" |10,329,208 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |8 |e-N'Djamena |- |{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |342,000 | style="text-align: right;" |4,012,809 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Brazzaville |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}Democratic Republic of the Congo | style="text-align: right;" |2,345,410 | style="text-align: right;" |69,575,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |30 |e-Kinshasa |- |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}Equatorial Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |28,051 | style="text-align: right;" |633,441 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |23 |e-Malabo |- |{{flag|Gabon}}Gabon | style="text-align: right;" |267,667 | style="text-align: right;" |1,514,993 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |6 |e-Libreville |- |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}São Tomé and Príncipe | style="text-align: right;" |1,001 | style="text-align: right;" |212,679 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |212 |e-São Tomé |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Southern Africa''' |- |{{flag|Botswana}}Botswana | style="text-align: right;" |600,370 | style="text-align: right;" |1,990,876 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Gaborone |- |{{flag|Lesotho}}Lesotho | style="text-align: right;" |30,355 | style="text-align: right;" |2,130,819 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Maseru |- |{{flag|Namibia}}Namibia | style="text-align: right;" |825,418 | style="text-align: right;" |2,108,665 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Windhoek |- |{{flag|South Africa}}South Africa | style="text-align: right;" |1,219,912 | style="text-align: right;" |51,770,560 | style="text-align: right;" |2011 | style="text-align: right;" |42 |e-Bloemfontein, Cape Town, ePitoli |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}Swaziland | style="text-align: right;" |17,363 | style="text-align: right;" |1,123,913 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |65 |e-Mbabane |- style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" | colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''West Africa''' |- |{{flag|Benin}}Benin | style="text-align: right;" |112,620 | style="text-align: right;" |8,791,832 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |78 |e-Porto-Novo |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}}Burkina Faso | style="text-align: right;" |274,200 | style="text-align: right;" |15,746,232 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |57 |e-Ouagadougou |- |{{flag|Cape Verde}}Cape Verde | style="text-align: right;" |4,033 | style="text-align: right;" |429,474 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |107 |e-Praia |- |{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}Côte d'Ivoire | style="text-align: right;" |322,460 | style="text-align: right;" |20,617,068 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |64 |e-Abidjan, Yamoussoukro |- |{{flag|Gambia}}Gambia | style="text-align: right;" |11,300 | style="text-align: right;" |1,782,893 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |158 |e-Banjul |- |{{flag|Ghana}}Ghana | style="text-align: right;" |239,460 | style="text-align: right;" |23,832,495 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |100 |e-Accra |- |{{flag|Guinea}}Guinea | style="text-align: right;" |245,857 | style="text-align: right;" |10,057,975 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |41 |e-Conakry |- |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}Guinea-Bissau | style="text-align: right;" |36,120 | style="text-align: right;" |1,533,964 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |43 |e-Bissau |- |{{flag|Liberia}}Liberia | style="text-align: right;" |111,370 | style="text-align: right;" |3,441,790 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |31 |e-Monrovia |- |{{flag|Mali}}Mali | style="text-align: right;" |1,240,000 | style="text-align: right;" |12,666,987 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |10 |e-Bamako |- |{{flag|Mauritania}}Mauritania | style="text-align: right;" |1,030,700 | style="text-align: right;" |3,129,486 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |3 |e-Nouakchott |- |{{flag|Niger}}Niger | style="text-align: right;" |1,267,000 | style="text-align: right;" |15,306,252 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |12 |e-Niamey |- |{{flag|Nigeria}}Nigeria | style="text-align: right;" |923,768 | style="text-align: right;" |166,629,000 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |180 |e-Abuja |- |{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="simple"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Flag</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">2</div></div></div></div>{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) | style="text-align: right;" |420 | style="text-align: right;" |7,728 | style="text-align: right;" |2012 | style="text-align: right;" |13 |e-Jamestown |- |{{flag|Senegal}}Senegal | style="text-align: right;" |196,190 | style="text-align: right;" |13,711,597 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |70 |e-Dakar |- |{{flag|Sierra Leone}}Sierra Leone | style="text-align: right;" |71,740 | style="text-align: right;" |6,440,053 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |90 |e-Freetown |- |{{flag|Togo}}Togo | style="text-align: right;" |56,785 | style="text-align: right;" |6,019,877 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |106 |e-Lomé |- style="font-weight: bold; background: rgb(238, 238, 238) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;" |&nbsp; Africa Total | style="text-align: right;" |30,368,609 | style="text-align: right;" |1,001,320,281 | style="text-align: right;" |2009 | style="text-align: right;" |33 |} </center> == Imithombo == {{Flag|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika| ]] 8wubjesdkvn2e2zga6nfvptnnhkzzn5 0 5211 40779 27608 2026-06-12T08:34:08Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 improved an article 40779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:06-10-06smile.jpg|thumb|250px|Amazinyo wase muntu]] == '''Amazinyo''' yenye nzima, izinto ezimhlophe ''emlonyeni'' wakho. Amazinyo (isininzi) zisetyenziswa ukunceda inkqubo mastication ngokuthi '''ukuhlafuna''' [[ukutya]]. Zetyisa kuthetha ukuba ayichithe, zikukhandanisa nje ukutya ngoko ke kuginywa (kwawenza wehla waya isisu sakho). == # Uninzi ekuyo babe amazinyo. Iintaka lelona qela zingayifumaniyo. eZingenamqolo abaninzi nabo babe amazinyo. iZilwanyana ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amazinyo kuba ukudla ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela amazinyo nje isixhobo. Kwabantu abadala idla ngokuba amazinyo-32. Abantwana idla ngokuba amazinyo -20. # {{stub}} hqmbcat6uyz58jjrsegyzxgzx79byzw 40780 40779 2026-06-12T08:34:22Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/EnzoNomcutsha|EnzoNomcutsha]] ([[User talk:EnzoNomcutsha|talk]]) to last version by Aliwal2012: test edits, please use the sandbox 27608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:06-10-06smile.jpg|thumb|250px|Amazinyo wase muntu]] '''Amazinyo''' yenye nzima, izinto ezimhlophe emlonyeni wakho. Amazinyo (isininzi) zisetyenziswa ukunceda inkqubo mastication ngokuthi ukuhlafuna [[ukutya]]. Zetyisa kuthetha ukuba ayichithe, zikukhandanisa nje ukutya ngoko ke kuginywa (kwawenza wehla waya isisu sakho). Uninzi ekuyo babe amazinyo. Iintaka lelona qela zingayifumaniyo. eZingenamqolo abaninzi nabo babe amazinyo. iZilwanyana ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amazinyo kuba ukudla ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela amazinyo nje isixhobo. Kwabantu abadala idla ngokuba amazinyo-32. Abantwana idla ngokuba amazinyo -20. {{stub}} gcg2ol3ze4y5uuovkdbbbvoonedqnin 0 5284 40797 33143 2026-06-12T08:41:47Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40797 wikitext text/x-wiki ='''Intshayelelo'''= Kwaathi emva kokumka kuka Nyengana kweli lasemaXhoseni, kwavela uNxele eMgwangqa kwaNdlambe, esithi uthetha into eyithethwa nguNyengana, kwaye ke naloo nto wayeyithetha yayingaqondwa bani. =='''Imfundiso yakhe'''== * ubesithi xa efunda abantu, iinkosi zimbini, yaye zisemanzini zombini. Enye yazo nguTayi, enye nguDalidephu. Ubesitsho athi ke mabathi abantu xa bewela umlambo babulise bathi, "A! Tayi, A! Dalidephu. Loo nto ke yaba ngummiselo kubalandeli bakhe. Ubemana ethetha ke umfo kaGwala lowo, esithi umzi mawulahle ubuthi, ungakrexezi, ulawule amaphupha, athi wonke umntu azixele izinto azenzayo nawakhe wazenza. Kwaba kuphela, umzi wenza loo nto, amadoda nabafazi. uthe umfo wasemaCwerheni akubona ukuba umzi uwoyisile, waqala kaloku wavelisa elokuba, Abantu baphantsi komhlaba, baye beyakuvuka bonke ekufeni, apho bayakuphuma khona kulwandle laseGompo. Utsho wathi kodwa wona amaNgqika ayakuba ziinkunzi, iimbovane namawa kuba ahlal'ephethe igazi. Avakele amaRharhabe esithi, "Inantoni na le nto ukuba ithethwe ngulo kaGwala, ngokabani na yena? Akakho na amaphakathi alo mzi kaJwarha, amaCirha, namaNtakwenda. Bathe besitsho babe besithi , "loo mntu makavunywe ade abonakale eyona nto azakuba yiyo". Bamvuma ke bamsa ebucamagwini ngeenkomo ezimdaka, ezilubhelu, nezimnyama, laye ibala elibalaseleyo ilelimdaka nelilubhelu. athi amaNgqika namagcaleka awuzela kwaNdlambe ngokoyika ukuba ziinkuni, iimbovane, namawa, nangokoyika ukumka noqhwithela lomoya awayesithi uyakubakho kwelo lawo. fmy6k5kv2et0wc8bxsim2xq2sl2adwy 0 5766 40762 29844 2026-06-12T08:30:04Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = República de Angola | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:LocationAngola.svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = Luanda | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = | Isiphaluka = 1 246 700 km² | Uluntu = 25 789 024 (2014) }} == '''I-''Angola''''' lilizwe lase[[I-afrika|Afrika]] == * I-Angola lelinye lamazwe elizwekazi laseAfrika. Ubukhulu bomhlaba weli lizwe lase-Anglola buziikhilomitha lesigidi-gidi esi-1,246,700 eekhilomitha. {{DEFAULTSORT:Angola}} [[Category:Amazwe aseAfrika]] 52qyk0jmg3mwnm7dma3ws63v91v5rq8 40766 40762 2026-06-12T08:30:40Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by CommonsDelinker: test edits, please use the sandbox 29844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = República de Angola | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:LocationAngola.svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = Luanda | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = | Isiphaluka = 1 246 700 km² | Uluntu = 25 789 024 (2014) }} '''I-Angola''' lilizwe lase[[I-afrika|Afrika]] I-Angola lelinye lamazwe elizwekazi laseAfrika. Ubukhulu bomhlaba weli lizwe lase-Anglola buziikhilomitha lesigidi-gidi esi-1,246,700 eekhilomitha. {{DEFAULTSORT:Angola}} [[Category:Amazwe aseAfrika]] 7x4fohcccw2di4ut0jwodeax6t3orxa 0 5882 40728 38650 2026-06-12T08:00:15Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 citation to other pages 40728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ANC1914.jpg|thumb|SANNC (London, 1914): Thomas Mapike, Walter Rubusana, John Langalibalele Dube, Saul Msane, Sol Plaatje.]] '''African National Congress''' [[Nelson Mandela]] liqela elilawulayo kwilizwe uMzantsi Afrika ukusuka kunyaka wama 1994 kuze kube ngoku. Amagqabantshintshi ngosungulo lweliqela yayingunyaka wama 1912 mhla uTata uJohn Langalibalele Dube, Pixley ka Seme kubandakanyeka no Solomon Tshekitsho Plaatjie baqala eliqela. Liye ngokuya lihamba ixesha njengoko injongo yayikukulwisana nocalucalulo kwelilizwe liphela ladibana nobunzithenzithe bobunzima ekulweni ucalulo kodwa ke kwananjalo kwasungulwa iqela lolutsha lwe "ANCYL" (African National Congess Youth League) Ungayivotela kwi website yayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ANC – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement|url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Commons category|African National Congress}} {{stub}} [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika]] 6266qut8u1dz6lpb88o1ggf8xactevg 0 5889 40683 39054 2026-06-12T07:16:20Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Ndilifake kumanye amaphepha. 40683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Iyunivesithi Walter Sisulu|Walter Sisulu University]]''' yidyunivesithi yobunzululwazi nobuchwepheshe nefumaneka e[[Mthatha]], [[eMonti]], e[[Gcuwa]] nase[[EKomani|Komani]] e[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]] [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]]. Eliziko lemfundo ephakamileyo lavulwa ngomhla woku 1 July 2005 emva kwendibanisela yeBorder Technikon, Eastern Cape Technikon kunye ne University of the Transkei. Ledyunivesithi ibizwa ngegama lesibavubavu sezopolitiko uMnu u[[Walter Sisulu]]. ngonyaka ka 2025 abafundi base Walter Sisulu university bangenelwa ngamaphara baze banyawa ama polis [[Category:IiYunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika]] rh2xyikur0uih2jccbq90l21xdkes2c 40761 40683 2026-06-12T08:28:51Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Iyunivesithi Walter Sisulu|'''Walter Sisulu University''']] yidyunivesithi yobunzululwazi nobuchwepheshe nefumaneka e'''[[Mthatha]],''' [[eMonti|'''eMonti''']], '''e[[Gcuwa]]''' nase[[EKomani|'''Komani''']] e[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]] [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]]. Eliziko lemfundo ephakamileyo lavulwa ngomhla woku 1 July 2005 emva kwendibanisela yeBorder Technikon, ''Eastern Cape'' Technikon kunye ne '''University of the Transkei.''' Ledyunivesithi ibizwa ngegama lesibavubavu sezopolitiko uMnu u[[Walter Sisulu]]. ngonyaka ka 2025 abafundi base Walter Sisulu university bangenelwa ngamaphara baze banyawa ama polis [[Category:IiYunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika]] m0u59himkhzlrqph56gdn16wt2zc3pp 0 5934 40681 36315 2026-06-12T07:13:59Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Linked to other pages 40681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university|name=Nelson Mandela University|native_name={{nativename|af|Nelson Mandela Universiteit}}|image_name=Nelson Mandela University logo.svg|image_size=250px|image_upright=0.8|image_alt=|caption=|latin_name=|motto=''Change the world''|established={{Plainlist| * 1882 (Port Elizabeth Art School) * 2005 (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University)<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.mandela.ac.za/About/Management---Identity/History|title=History|publisher=Nelson Mandela University|access-date=7 November 2009}}</ref> }}|closed=|type=[[Public university|Public University]]|endowment=|rector=|officer_in_charge=|chairperson=Nozipho January-Bardill|chancellor=Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi|president=|vice-president=|superintendent=|provost=|vice_chancellor=Sibongile Muthwa|principal=|dean=|director=|head_label=|head=|students=28,000|undergrad=23,500|postgrad=4,500|doctoral=|other=|location=[[Gqeberha|Summerstrand, Gqeberha]] and [[George, Western Cape|Saasveld, George]], <br />South Africa|coordinates={{Coord|-34.009|25.67|type:edu_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|campus=6 [[Suburban]], 1 [[Urban Area|Urban]] and 1 [[Countryside]]|former_names={{Plainlist| * Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University * [[University of Port Elizabeth]] * Port Elizabeth Technikon * [[Vista University]] * [[Saasveld Forestry College]] }}|free_label=Newspaper|free=MadibazNews|athletics=|colours={{colourbox|Navy|border=silver}} Blue <br> {{colourbox|White|border=silver}} White<br> {{colourbox|Gold|border=silver}} Yellow|sporting_affiliations={{Plainlist| * [[Varsity Cup|FNB Varsity Cup]] * [[Varsity Football (South Africa)|Varsity Sports Football Challenge]] }}|nickname=Madibaz|mascot=Diba the [[Delphinidae|Dolphin]]|website={{url|www.mandela.ac.za}}|logo=|footnotes=|faculty=|administrative_staff=4,063|affiliation={{Plainlist| [[International Association of Universities|IAU]] * [[Association of African Universities|AAU]] * [[Higher Education South Africa|HESA]] * [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]] }}}}[[File:NMU South Campus.jpg|thumb|South Campus]] '''Nelson Mandela University'''(''NMU ngamafuphi'') liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo lase [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] elizinze kunxweme lwase [[IBhayi|Gqeberha]](''Port Elizabeth wena khumsha''). Eliziko lemfundo lilo kuphela emhlabeni elibizwa ngegama les'bavubavu sezopolitiko, itsha ntliziyo lomzabalazo ubawo u[[Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela]] Ahh! Dalibhunga. Le Dyunivesithi yasungulwa ngonyaka ka 2005 emva kwendibanisela yamaziko emfundo amathathu aquka i Port Elizabeth Technikon, University of Port Elizabeth kunye ne Vista University. Ngaphambili phaya leDyunivesithi yayisaziwa ngokuba yi Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), kuthe ngomhla wama 20 kweyeKhala 2017 lalahlwa eligama i "Metropolitan" zee yabizwa ngokuba yi Nelson Mandela University. I NMU yenye yeeDyunivesithi etsala umdla wabafundi abathwabuluka kwinkalo ngeenkalo zehlabathi, lonto ingqinwa kukuba ngaphezulu kwe 3000 yabafundi iphuma kumanye amazwe aquka i France, Germany, Belgium namanye amaninzi. [[Category:IiYunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika]] jy28r3u04os82k48slh0frj9jj887x8 0 6066 40716 39734 2026-06-12T07:45:56Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 linked to other article 40716 wikitext text/x-wiki UMbeki wazalwa ngomhla we18,kaJuni 1942 eMbewuleni, ilali encinci kwindawo eyayisakuba kumhlaba wase[[I-Transkei|Transkei]], ngoku eyinxalenye yeMpuma [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] . Owesibini kubantakwabo, wayenodadewabo omnye, uLinda (owazalwa ngo1941, wafa ngo2003), kunye nabantakwabo ababini, [[Moeletsi Mbeki|uMoeletsi]] (owazalwa ngo1945) kunye noJama (owazalwa ngo1948, wafa ngo1982). <ref name="Gevisser-2007a">{{Cite book|last=Gevisser|first=Mark|title=Thabo Mbeki: The Dream Deferred|date=2007|publisher=Jonathan Ball|isbn=978-1-86842-301-9|location=Johannesburg|oclc=180845990}}</ref> ''': 54 '''<ref name="Gevisser-2014">{{Cite web|last=Gevisser|first=Mark|date=2014-06-07|title=The world of Epainette Mbeki: A mother and a comrade to the end|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-06-07-the-world-of-epainette-mbeki/|accessdate=2022-02-05|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-03-17|title=Mbeki's sister dies at 61|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/mbekis-sister-dies-at-61-20030317|accessdate=2022-02-05|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Abazali bakhe yayinguEpainette (wasweleka ngo2014), utitshala oqeqeshiweyo, kunye [[Govan Mbeki|noGovan]] (wasweleka ngo2001), unovenkile, utitshala, intatheli, kunye nomlweli ophezulu we[https://www.anc1912.org.za/ ANC] kunye neSACP. Bobabini uEpainette kunye noGovan baphuma kwiintsapho ezifundileyo, zamaKrestu, ezinomhlaba, kwaye utata kaGovan yayinguSikelewu Mbeki, usibonda owayemiselwe ngokobukoloniyali. <ref name="Gevisser-2007a" /> ''': 4 '''Esi sibini sasidibene [[eThekwini]], apho uEpainette waba libhinqa lesibini elintsundu ukujoyina iSACP (ngoko eyayisabizwa ngokuba liQela lamaKomanisi oMzantsi Afrika); nangona kunjalo, ngelixa uMbeki wayengumntwana, intsapho yakhe yahlukana xa uGovan wayokuhlala eLadismith wayokwenza umsebenzi wokufundisa. <ref name="Gevisser-2014" /> UMbeki uthe "wazalelwa emzabalazweni ", kwaye ukhumbula ukuba ikhaya lakhe lalihonjiswe ngemifanekiso kaKarl Marx noMahatma Gandhi . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-09-19|title=Thabo Mbeki: Born into struggle|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3499695.stm|access-date=2022-02-05}}</ref> <ref name="NPR-2007">{{Cite news|date=2007-12-07|title=ANC Leadership Battle Causes Crisis in Party|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16860087|access-date=2022-02-05}}</ref> uGovan wamthiya igama lomkomanisi ophezulu eMzantsi Afrika uThabo Mofutsanyana . <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ejigiri|first=Damien|date=2014|title=Govan Mbeki, Colin Bundy|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|journal=Africa Today|volume=60|issue=4|pages=89–91|doi=10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|issn=0001-9887|jstor=10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|url-access=subscription}}</ref> asfpdhec9lagwz00ncuj3l9r0bfgo26 0 6439 40811 39112 2026-06-12T09:15:19Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Imfazwe ka Mlanjeni'' (eyoMqungu/January 1850- January 1853) nguThemba Ngada.''' Sakukhumbula ke bafundi ukuba ukungena kwabamhlophe kweli kuqale kunxweme lwaseKapa. Bahlasela ke behamba besidla imihlaba yabantu nezizwe zooNoqhakancu naleyo yayisele igonyanyelwe ngamabhulu (wona kaloku afike kwango 1652) bebhuqisa bebhubhisa betshabalalisa oko bangakufuniyo berhwaphiliza mihlaba, zinkomo, mahashe bedlwengula abafazi besenza abantu amakhoboka okusebenzela bona kumhlaba abawutsotsileyo. * Ukusukela kulomlambo kuthiwa yiGamtoos eJeffreys Bay yalemihla, ukuya eSunday’s River eColchester yangoku kwalandela iBushman’s river, kweza iNxuba (Great Fish river) neXesi (Keiskama River) ukuya kuthi gaa ngeNciba (Kei River), oko besidla imihlaba yabantu beshenxisa imida ngobusuku bezisikela bezicandela ngokwalemilambo de kwacaca ukuba iinkosi zethu mazilwe, singaziboni sesiyokuphoswa elwandle kuhleli amagwangqa emihlabeni yoobawo. Amangcwaba abo egquba iimpungutye sikhona. * AmaGqunukwebe wona awulanda umhlaba wawo agugutha unxweme lolwandlekazi lwamaNdiya olusemazantsi-mpuma, ukusukela ngaphaya kwaseMnyameni (Alexandria) apho wabulawa khona uNkosi Chungwa uyise kaPhatho Ahh!! Zwelandile, uyise kaDilima noKama Ahh!! Mbangobuso, uyise kaMani noKobe uyise kaKatikati. Nalapho wayexheshwe esuswa kumlambo iBrak eMosselbaai. Unanamhla amaGqunukhwebe asenentetho ethi xa eqinisekile ngento: Ndikufungis’uChungwa efel’ eMnyameni (Yekela 1988). Ayakuthanda ke ukukhuza amaGqunukhwebe kuba naxa engazi kuyenza into okanye ephikisana nayo kuba ingaphesheya komthetho athi: UNotshe efele eNgcamngeni!, kuseXesi ke kuloo lali. Nale ntetho yamaXhosa xa ubani egagatheka kuvele nelomhlathi onwabile unkabi kuthiwe: Uxhelelwe eXhukwane! Yenye yelali zaseXesi naleyo. Iqhalo elithi: UHili uphumile ezingcongolweni, lithetha ukuba kuye kondlulwa kwabhentsiswa oko bekufihlwa. UHili ke sisilo esibumnturha esinemilingo esivela kwiintsomi zomGqunukhwebekazi wakudala. Bakukuchubela ke isikhwebu eside abadala ngothotho lweemfazwe namadabi aliwe kulo jingi qhiwu kuhluthwana ngomhlaba ngamangesi namabhulu kunye nezi ziphakathi kwamaXhosa-Rharhabe namangesi. Yikumkani uRharhabe, athi uMqhayi ngaye: “Hlungulu laphat’isqwayi NguNtsinga kaNomagwayi Ubutsholo bentonga, Uzamazamis’ilizwe Lide lizamazame, Usibala-mdaka Singe siya khona Mhla singayiyo khona; Size singe asiyi Kanti kumhla siyayo, Usambatha zezimfutshane, Kanti zomlingana, Kub’ezinkul’esithi Zimfihlel’amadolo. Hlungulu laphath’isiqwayi Kanti liyazingca Kwezinye iintaka. Hamham kaSitsheketshe Into yasekunene kukaPhalo.” Eyasikelwa isahlulo sesibini somhlaba kayise ukumkani uPhalo, ikumkani yokugqibela ukuphatha isizwe samaXhosa esimanyeneyo. Izokubhubhela apha kumneno Nciba kwesikaRharhabe iKumkani leyo kwelinye lamabhotwe ayo eZeleni yabe imshiye ephethe isaphila uGcaleka kwesakhe isiqingatha. Kanti yenzeka njani le nto? Thoba ke sikutyele, ndifuna ukuthi yiza nendlebe size neendaba! Kaloku ukumkani wazibona eneendlunkulu ezimbini endaweni yokuba nendlunkulu ekhohlo, ze abe nekunene okanye indlu encinci. Ngabafazi ke aba ndithetha ngabo lawundini. Iinkosi kunye namadoda onke ayethatha isithembu okanye abafazi abaninzi phambi kokuba inyevulelwe ngamagqobhoka loo nkqubo. Indlunkulu ibiba ngulo mfazi uzakuzala indlalifa okanye iKumkani elandelayo kuba kwayena ethathwe kwelinye ikomkhulu engeyontombi nje kaNantsi kodwa eyinkosazana. Abanye kuba bengenagazi limhlophe, elobukhosi ke ukutsho, bebengenabango labundlalifa. Kwa ukwakhiwa kwezi zindlu zokuhlala apha komkhulu (Nkandla!) kudweliswe kwangokuzana kwabo, phakathi yindlu kamhlekazi, ekhohlo yiNdlunkulu ekunene yiNdlu encinane, ngaphaya kwazo kukho ezinye izindlu ezinamagama azo, iQadi leNdlunkulu, iQadi lasekunene, iXhiba leNdlunkulu, iXhiba lasekunene, uMsengi, noMtshayelo. Kwenzekile ke emaTshaweni ikomkhulu lamaXhosa elalimi eThongwana apha phezu komlambo iGcuwa, kwazekwa inkosazana yabaThembu nenkosazana yamaMpondo omabini azibula ngamaduna uRharhabe kuqala kuze uGcaleka. Lidabi okanye yimfazwe enkulu phakathi kwezizwe eyayiyakuqhambuka xa bekunokuthathwa isigqibo enkundleni sokuba makuhliselwe omnye waba bafazi abe ngomncinci ibiyakuba sisithuko kwisizwe avela kuso. Ingakumbi befike ngemini enye komkhulu balotyolwa ngekhulu leenkomo emnye kubo ngokulinganayo. Yaphela ingunkinkinki wesintshompothi sentsumantsumane intsinda-badala isishiqi sendaba yakomkhulu. Eyadinga inkonde eyayiliphakathi likaTshiwo uMajeke uMqwambi owayokulandwa eNqabarha, uhambo lwentsuku ezimbini. Isigwebo sakhe sadala indlu entsha le kuthiwa kukunene esithi asiyondlu incinci leyo “kuba esona sandla sinamandla sesokunene". Endingaziyo nokuba ke uKumkani wayezama ukusombulula le ngxuba kaxaka okanye wayezigqibele wabeka uGcaleka esihlalweni sakhe esaphila, nalo ingcwaba lakhe eNgxingxolo eQumrha, apho wazikhethela khona ukuma ikomkhulu. Ngokulindelekileyo uRharhabe, owayengaphambili ngeminyaka yokuzalwa, wangena ehlathini wabuya nomkhosi ozokuqethula uGcaleka ukuze athathe isihlalo njengokumkani wamaXhosa. Ukunqanda lo mbhodamo uRharhabe wagxothelwa nganeno apha komlambo iNciba, wafika apha waziginyela izizwana ebezilapho zamaTshawe imiDange, amaNtinde, amaGwali, amaHleke, amaMbalu kunye nezingezo zamaTshawe amaQhakancu namaGqunukhwebe ezakhela obakhe ukukumkani. Ukanti ke incwadi kaElliott, ngomlomo weBali lamaCiskei 1981, yona ithi nguGcaleka owahlasela uyise emhlutha ubukumkani esaphila wakhuselwa nguRharhabe uPhalo yiyo nalento eze kuma eZeleni elandela uRharhabe efuna igwiba okanye ukhuselo lwakhe esoyika uGcaleka. Zingangeentwala kubaThembu ke iingcaciso zokuqhawukana phakathi nokucandeka kubini kobukumkani bamaXhosa phakathi kukaGcaleka noRharhabe, mna ndininike nje elingene mna, zifundele ezinye ndizakukupha uludwe lwemibele endinxunxuthe kuyo ukwakha le mvaba phaya ekupheleni. Umzekelo, mhla ngetyala lokuhluthwa kobukumkani bamaRharhabe ngurhulumente othi ungowenkululeko, kwaphikisana u-Nkosi Advocate Siqithi Island Maqoma nobawo uMda kwangale nkalo bebeka ezabo izibakala ezifuze le mibengo niyisikelwa apha ngentla. Nazi iindawo esivumelana kuzo: unyaka ka1700 ubalulekile kule ngxoxo, okwesibini umlambo iNciba ubungazange ubonwe njengomda ngamaXhosa de impambano yenyuka ngodonga phakathi kukaSebe noMathanzima ukuze kude kufuneke incwadi yokundwendwela xa uzakuwuwela. Okwesithathu akuzange kubekho kumkani yamaGcaleka enyanzelisa eyamaRharhabe ukuba mayikhahlele kuyo ingazange iye nakurhulumente lowo ithi ecela ukugwetyelwa kwimbambano yayo noRharhabe. Okwesine, ukuba ungena endlini kuhleli lamadoda mabini ubulise ubuze impilo uRharhabe uzakukhangela kuGcaleka athi “phendula kumkani”, aphendule omnye athi “thetha ngokwakho mkhuluwa uyamlibazisa lo mnene”. Okwesihlanu, inkosi ibekwa esihlalweni yikumkani yayo ekhonza ekhahlela kuyo yambathiswe yiyo ingubo yobukhosi, kodwa ikumkani yambathiswa yenye ikumkani. AmaXhosa ke akazisokolisi oko kwangoko akayi kude. IKumkani yamaGcaleka ibekwa yambathiswe yeyamaRharhabe, neyamaRharhabe ngokunjalo. Asikho isizathu sokuba izizwe zikaPhalo zisusane ngale ndawo. Hayi masiphume kwiingxoxo zabakhulu sibuyele emxholweni, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba sonke sindawonye ngoku, siyazazi ukuba sithetha ngowuphi na umhlaba. Ewe uchan’uCwethe ngotolo! Sikulo umfunxamfunxa ligazi lamagorha, amakroti, amakhalipha amafa naNkosi. Apha ke ekuphangweni kwawo uphele ingumhlatyana ophakathi komlambo iNxuba neNciba, ajikajikile ke amagama awo ngenxa yesihelegu sokudlwengulwa kwawo ngoondlebe zikhany’ilanga. Ukhe wangumda kwathiwa yi Koloni: No Man’s Land, kwaRharhabe, kwaNgqika/Gaika, Cafferland, British Kaffiraria, Queen Adelaide Province, the Cape of Good Hope Eastern Frontier, the Border Region, Ciskei, sisiqingatha seMpuma-Kapa. Ndiyathemba kuthe “qabu uNoqolomba efile nje!” '''INTSHAYELELO''' Zilithoba ke iimfazwe eziliwe phakathi kwamaXhosa namangesi, singazibalanga ke ezi ziliwe ngabamhlophe bodwa emhlabeni wethu behluthana ngenqatha lebhokhwe enomniniyo. Zine alwe kuzo uNkosi Major-General Maqoma, Ahh! Jongumsobomvu. EkaThuthula iDabi laMalinde ngo 1818, eyobukhaya, kuxabene uNdlambe noNgqika. Ibe yekaXhoxho 1834 apho sangqisha phantsi ngowokunene umlenze iSayama ngeNtaba zoMnqwazi sisithi, uNotshe, intomb’eLawu!! ukuba kuphalazwe igazi elimhlophe, igazi lenkosana uXhoxho umninawa wakhe, zanqoza. EkaHintsa 1835 nalapho kwabulawa ikumkani sisiphofuphofu isityhuthutyhuthu sexelegu legangxa lenkumanda yemikhosi yamangesi uSir Harry Smith (uSaqhwithi lo mandimthi jize nangesikhahlelo Ahh! Gil’imikhuba, Ahh!! Zanendlala). EyeZembe 1846-47 apho uTsili ephuma kwesikaTola kumaNdlambe weba izembe kwivenkile eseBhofolo, ambamba amapolisa eKoloni emqhubela eRhini etyaleni lakhe bhilikidi, waxhwilwa endleleni likhaba elalingayithandanga into yokugxagxanyiswa kogxa wabo esenziwa isisulu somthetho weKoloni. IKoloni, ngomlomo ka Colonel John Hare (ekuthiywe ngaye iFort Hare), yakhupha umthetho owawubambe busicelo wokuba ukumkani uSandile makakhulule ibanjwa elo alikhulululele emthethweni ukuze liye kujongana nezimoko zalo eRhini. Nkqi ukumkani ukuyenza loo nto. Zanqoza!!!. Akukho nxaxheba ibhadlileyo wayidlalayo ke kule imfazwe uMaqoma. “Kule imfazwe ndilele mna, andinakulibala yimfeketho yooTsili,” watsho omdala. Elandelayo yaba yekaMlanjeni 1850-53, yile ke sizakuyichuba apha leyo, ukusuka nokuhlala kwayo, siwasenge siwacintelele onke amadabi ayo. Ndingathanda kodwa ukuba khe ndinazise kwaba bantu ndithethe ngamagama abo apha ngentla. Ngubani uMajor-General Maqoma, uNgqika yena, uThuthula, uNdlambe, uXhoxho, uHintsa, uHarry Smith, uMlanjeni? Bendikhe ndathetha ngokumkani uPhalo, yena uzalwa nguTshiwo (unina nguSivanxa ezalwa nodade wabo uTiso, noLanga umninawa wakhe) ozalwa nguNgconde, NguTogu, nguSikhomo, nguNgcwangu, nguTshawe unyana kaNkosiyamntu yena ongunyana kaMalangana ozalwa nguXhosa yena ozalwa nguMnguni okanye Mngoni unyana kaNtu. Masiqaphele ke ukuba uMnguni uzele oonyana abaninzi ababa zizizwe nabo, uXhosa, uLuzumane lo kuthiwa nguZulu ngoku, uSwazi/Ngwane noNdebele. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba kwindlu kaNkosiyamntu uTshawe ngoweQadi, kwandlunkulu kuphume uCirha ekunene kwaphuma uJwarha. Uphatha ke uTshawe ngokoyisa abakhuluwa bakhe ngomkhosi owawuxuba nesizwe samaRhudulu ooSikhomo, wamleqa uJwara waya kuzimela kulonina. Kwavela intetho, xa kusuke imfazwe, ethi: Umbhaco uwile, igwala kulonina! '''UPhalo''' ke yena wazala uGcaleka noYonzi, noNomrhinti noRharhabe, uRharhabe wazala uMlawu noNdlambe umninawa wakhe. UMlawu wazala '''uNgqika''' Ahh!! Lwaganda, noNtibo ekunene. NgoNothonto/Menyezwa uNgqika wazibula ngamawele uMaqoma noNongwane bezalelwa eXhukwane eXesi, kwalandela uTyhali (unina ngu Heka), Xhoxho noAnta (owabanjiswa ukukhosi bukaNtibo wazala isizwe samaGwelane esibizwa ngenkabi yenkomo kaNtibo lowo) kwaza uSandile ezalwa nguSuthu inkosazana yabaThembu, yathi lonto nguye oyakuba yikumnkani, kwalandela uMatwa esiphuma kuye isaci samaXhosa esithi: “Izinto azimntakaNgqika”, noThente bazalwa nguNobutho. '''UMaqoma''' yena waba nabafazi abalishumi, esinamagama abo nguNonxina owokuqala kuze uKatyi owokugqibela. Abantwana bakhe, nguNamba uDalasile noTini endlunkulu, ibe nguKona ekunene kulandele, Mfazwe, Marhexane, Jotelo, Nomakhaya. Uyinkosi yesizwe samaJingqi awasimisela phezu komlambo iNgcwenxa (Kat River) ngemvume kayise. UJingqi ligama lenkabi yakhe yenkomo. Ekayise uNgqika nguMbombo. Wayethanda ke ukuzihlalela phambi kokuqala kosuku ekhangeleka ekuude ngengcinga eselula, esinga ejongise ngasempuma-langa yilento ke isikhahlelo sakhe sathi Ahh!! Jongumsobomvu. Ezi zenzo zakhe zifuze ezo zenye ikumkani yamaXhosa uHintsa, yena wathiwa jize ngesikhahlelo esithi Ahh!! Zanzolo. Waqala ke ukulwa njengenkumanda yomkhosi wamaXhosa phantsi kweNtaba ka Ndoda ukususela eNgcamngeni ukuya eDimbaza kwidabi laMalinde kwekaThuthula, waphuma izandla ke ukuza kuthi gaa kule kaMlanjeni. Kwizincomo zakhe ke esokuqala kuthiwa: Isirhotsha/Isipili sikaNothonto, ngenxa yokufana nonina intombi kaNxiya oyintombelawu elixubene nobuSuthu. ISayama ngeNtaba zomNqwazi (Katberg Mountain), emfazweni. INyok’emnyama/iZilenzi eCand’iziziba. INgwe ka Fordyce, kuba waqwenga le nkumanda yomkhosi wamangesi ibambane ngobhongwana kwintaba zomMthontsi (Waterkloof Mountains). Igama elithi Major-General akalilahlelwanga nje kuba eliphiwa oku kwenkam-nkam, alikho elinye emkhosini elingaphaya kwelo. Ukuba belikhona ngekusetyenziswe lona. Ekulweni kwakhe namangesi ubethe oo Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, Captain, Major-General, batshintsha-tshintshana bada baba ngamashumi mabini anesibini wabe emi yena inguye kwicala lamaXhosa enyanzelekile ukuba atshintshe ukucinga qho amangesi esiza nenkumanda entsha. Akuphelelanga apho ke, amangesi kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu atshintshe iirhuluneli kwada kwayeyeshumi elinambini ngelixesha besisele simthathile uyise uNgqika isifo sephepha wabe eseyinkwenkwana uSandile umnini sihlalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwelixesha lonke de kwakhula uSandile, abambe njengekumkani yamaXhosa-Rharhabe. '''UNdlambe''' ke ngumninawa kaMlawu uyise kaKumkani uNgqika, Mlawu lowo owabulawa emfazweni kusiliwa ngomhlaba namaThembu ehamba noyise uRharhabe. Ebeselula ke uNgqika ukuba angaphatha, kwabanjiswa uyisekazi uNdlambe ngelithi uyakumnika umntwana into yakhe akuba alukile waba yindoda, akubanga njalo, wagweva eXerha okwenkunz’emfene yaseMdantsane uNdlambe, nkqi ukuphuma esihlalweni sikaNgqika. Yaba yimfazwe yobukhaya ke phakathi komRharhabe nomRharhabe. UNdlambe uzala uMdushane kuze uMqhayi, kuze uMhala, kuze uNowawe. Eli dabi laMalinde lona lisuswa yindelelo kaNgqika ngendaba kaThuthulula. '''Ngubani uThuthula?''' UNdlambe, esemi eMnyameni, uye wongeza kuthotho lwabafazi bakhe imbelukazi emanzandonga, intombi esithomo sayo sipha!! ukuphakama ngathi iyadlisela. Inkangeleko yayo isondele pha komaEritria, Topiya, Somalia kuphondo lweAfrika. Imilenze ithe tsotsololo yanda ngokunyuka ukuya kusithela phesheya kwenkciyo, isimomondiya esibengezela okweguzu liphuma ekhasini, alapha amafutha eentonga zethu. Wazala uMthunzana bafondini kwalil’iimazi, angqukuleka amadoda, zitshweda iintsana, bambombozela abafana atshikila amankazana!! Kanti livulwe nini izulu sesitanasa neengelosi kulomhlaba kaBawo? Bribri mntanam uyagula iyeza lakho ndim, kanti nongenathenda uyasiqhuba isiLahla, nongenabhaskithi uyaya eMalikeni.Uyawutsala umnxeba nongenamoya. Amehlo akhe lilanga lisithi ndithenge, ngamaqum-qum abuyozoyozo eyengezela ngathi athi “sondela bhuti nengubo ndafa bubuthongo”. Uncumo alunxibayo ngathi wazuza isidanga salo kwaNokholiji phantsi kweNduli kaQili ka Qoshe. Ungathi umbeke endlini emnyama lukhanyise kuvele namabibi agqunywe phakathi etyesini. Lwangongoza uvalo lomfana oma amathe isemi intombi isabela ubizo. Xa iguquka ibheka pha nditsho namaxhego adumba iintloko, izihlalo zimiswe kakuhle oku komcoselelo womchweli, ukuhamba ungafunga ukuba uphakathi emanzini unqakraza okwenkabi yebhokhwe emelwe yimbeleko. Ndingathetha ndithini na ke ngala mawele ahombise isifuba sakhe qabavu qekevu gqamama phetshu ingono okwegqenge-gqenge lepesika evuthelwe ukuvunwa kanye ukutyiwa. Mandikrwele umgca phantsi ukhe wawutsiba undifakile! Ukhetha ntoni icephe elitsha nelidala? Phuma langa sikothe!! Amaphotho esithsaba yimibedlana yamancanca ukuhambisa iminwe yesandla sayo indoda phakathi kwawo kuyithumela kwilizwe lemimoya, apho kugeleza kunkqenkqeza kuqukuqela kubaleka ubusi ubisi namanzi eendonga. Vuma kaloku ntombi ndakukuthengela uloliwe nomzila wakhe. Hayi sukani madoda!! Ziphi na eza nkomo bendiziphawulelwe kulomama? Bathi igama lakhe nguThuthula intombi kaMthunzana. Mna ndithi ngeliphantsi libambe butyhafa budangala liyengezela likhatshwa lolwancumo lukekeleyo lwesincwaso, Thsuthsulaah!!! Ewe yayisitsho njalo kaloku isoprano kwesa sitibili sethu seza konsathi zaziphathwa nguTsherimani encediswa sisinqininqini sakhe esimthuthela imali yokucela iingoma (Jukebox) ekwakusithiwa ngoSphutsu. Itsho ke isoprano okanye ifesti: “Ndiyamthand’uThuthula, nob’imalayikho, ndizakumlobola ngantoni?” Abalandelayo bemi ngelithi “khelekenkce, khelekenkce, khelekenkce, khenkce, khelekenkce, khenkce, khenkce!!!”. EsesiZulu istibili sasisithi: “Kukud’eGoli ngezinyawo…” sigqibele ngekhorasi ethi: “Thuthula, hamba Thuthula, emazweni hamba Thuthula, kudala ndihamba Thuthula ezizwe!”. Eyakho ke izakuthi, “Isikhalo somntwana siho-ye!! Thula mntwanam. Uyaliiil-ubhabha, thula mntwanam, wen’ukhalelani. Thula mntanam, kant’ukhalelani?” Kwakuhlwa uthi: “Masambe nono….” Wayijonga le nto uNgqika akayithanda into yokuba induku entle kangaka iphatwe ngamaxhego wamthabatha uThuthula kuNdlambe, esebenzisa iphakathi lakhe logaga uNtlebi kulo mkhuba. UNtlebi ubemi eDikeni ngakwaSikhutshane wabizelwa komkhulu eNgcwazi wanikwa umthetho olinqweme lenkawu, wathuma uBongwe noFolisa ukuba baye kuncinza uThuthula eMnyameni komkhulu kwaNdlambe uhambo lweentsuku ezimbini nobusuku bazo. Babuya naye abamsa komkhulu uNtlebi wasusa uNgqoko ukuba amthi mviii indlebe ukumkani wahlebela omdala ukuba “ikhona la mpahla, uyakusele eyinxibela pha kum entangeni, iyakuthi ke ukuba iyakulingana, unduluke nayo,” kuliwa ngaloo nto ke ngoku. Ebesoloko ke uNgqika emqeqesha unyana wakhe uMaqoma ukuze abe yikumkani emva kwakhe, phambili kule ngqeqesho yayiyindlela namacebo okukwazi ukulwa kuba kwakuhlaselwana zizizwe, uNgqawane, ihashe likaNgqika, naye wathatha eyakhe indima kolu qeqesho. Ngale ntsasa ke kaOctober/eyeDwarha 1818 sekubotshelelwe ngumkhosi wamawaka mabini amadoda, waqiniswa (ukugajiswa nokuhlanjwa nokuqatshulwa) wabulala neenkunzi zenkomo zokuwundulula usiya edabini kungena indoda eyayifudula ingumNdlambe, uMprofeti uNtsikana umfo kaGabha owayengumcebisi omkulu wakomkhulu iphethe ingqayi ebhotwe phezu komlambo iTyhume, afike ayiyeke iwe aphalale onke amanzi abekuyo zithi saa iingceba zayo. Athi kukumkani uNgqika, bendithe yinqande le mfazwe, isizwe samaXhosa sophalala ngolu hlobo, mbize abuye uMaqoma uyakufa pha. Nangoku waphantsa wafa kwasala enkundleni amaphakathi amaninzi abalulekileyo, ooNtlebi, ooJotelo, ooNteyi ooQukwana bephethelwe imbengwana nguMdushane unyana omkhulu kaNdlambe. Onke amazwi omprofeti awela phantsi zinkani zekumkani incediswa ngamaphakathi ogaga afana noManxoyi lo. Ecenga uNtsikana esithi: “Kumkani, sukulwa nabantakwenu yeyona nto izakukulahla phantsi leyo.” Impendulo kaNgqika: “Siyaya emfazweni!!!” Waguqukela kuMaqoma umprofeti ngelincamayo wacebisa: “Xa nibona ngathi utshaba lunitsalela ngaphakathi kwihlelo lalo, ningalandeli nithiyelwe ngesigu esiyingozi.” Uye waqokela ekhwaza sebekude: “Embonweni wam iintloko zenu beziphangwa ziimbovane.” Eyona nto yayithethwa ngumprofethi yile yokuba wathi akoyiswa uNgqika kweli dabi waya kucela uncedo ku Governor Lord Charles Somerset ekomkhulu lakhe laliseBhofolo, lithanda lokuqala elasetyenziswa ngamangesi ukungena izinto zamaXhosa de bazokusigonyamela nje unanamhla. '''UXhoxho''' ngumninawa kaMaqoma unina engemnye, wayanyaniswa kuHeka okwangunina kaTyhali. Abanye ababhali bathi uzalwa mfazi mnye noMatwa noThente. Ukanti ke uMatwa uzalwa nguNobutho iQadi likaSuthu ezalwa noThente noMacumbu. Kuthiwa ke uminyaka mithandathu ukoluka kukaMaqoma, ebenomzimba, ebudangala bunyaba ekukhuleni. Uthi uyise ngaye ngenye imini, “Khawujonge le nto, ithe dimfi phaya. Xa uyijongile wena ungathi yinkosana le? Amaphakathi am andicebisa ukuba mandimzeke unina kuba emhle, eyakundiphathela abantwana abahle, khanijonge ke le andiphathele yona ngoku, yintoni yona le? URhubusana yena ubhala athi ngaye, “yayiyinkosi engathethiyo, yaye kanjalo ibisoyiswa msinya ngamaphakathi akuthetha, noko loo nto ithethwayo ingagqibanga kuyiqonda. Loo nto yenza ukuba ingahlonelwa kuyaphi ngamaphakathi ayo.” UMaqoma ke yena wayengamboni ngoluhlobo lukayise uXhoxho, wamthanda kakhulu ehleli nje uyamkhusela usoloko enaye apho akhoyo. Yiyo nale ibangela ukuba kubekho imfazwe kaXhoxho 1834, okanye imfazwe eliwe ngenxa kaXhoxho phakathi kwamangesi namaXhosa, isuswa nguMaqoma emva kokuhlaselwa kukaTyhali otyala lakhe yayikukubuyela emhlabeni wakhe owawoxuthwe yiKoloni. ULieutenant Sutton (abanye benu bathenga eSutton Square eQonce, lowo nguRev.J.G Sutton owayeyinqununu yaseDale College) uthunywa ngu Somaseti ukuba makahlasele uTyhali amthathele nenkomo zakhe. Yaqala inkathazo ngeyoMnga 12 December 1834 zanqoza, bafika belindelwe ngamabutho kaTyhali, abelungu badubula isine sabantu kwachanwa noXhoxho eghruzulwa yimbumbulu icala lentloko. Waphambana uMaqoma: Ligazi elomhlophe eli, linomvuzo nomvuka, aliphalali nje ke. “UNotshe, intomb’eLawu!!!” Wabophelela amabutho akhe encediswa nangumkhosi wamaqhakancu bezimisele ngempindezelo, baqalisa ngokuwela umda abawubekelweyo yiKoloni bephuthuma iinkomo zabo ebezibiwe, kwaliwa, zanqoza eFort Willshire, ngeli thuba iNgqushwa yayisele ingaphakathi kumda weKoloni. Ecinga iingxoxo zoxolo ekuvunyelwene ngazo wavuka ngobusuku umfundisi uKayser eKnap’s Hope akuva isandi sokundila komkhono wekati wathi makasiwe kuMaqoma, wamfumana kulontshinyano yehlathi wasikhixa isililo unyawontle ebuza kuMaqoma ukuba “wenzani?” Uphendula ngelithi omdala: “Ndiyimbabala, andithi sidutyulwa sizingelwa njengazo ngoku thina zinkosi, sihluthelwe isidima sethu? Nguwe wedwa na umhambi apha le nto kucaca ukuba akuvanga ukuba kudutyulwe umntakwethu entloko, asazi ukuba ityala lakhe lithini?” Umfundisi waqhuba nokumcenga ukuba angahlaseli, wabe esithi yena akaqali mpi, uyaphindisa kuba engenakhaya elala emaweni ngenxa kaSomaseti. Waqhuba uMaqoma ehlupha iKoloni ehlasela ngesinyokothi enqumlisa le milambo ibisele ixuthiwe yiKoloni kusithiwa ingawelwa kuba yimida, wayiwela yena. Kulapho azuze izincomo ezithi: Yinyok’emnyam’ecand’iziziba!!! Yimfazwe kaXhoxho ke leyo. Ilandelwa yeka'''Hinsta''', owagetyengwa 12 May/Canzibe 1835 eNqabarha elibanjwa leKoloni kusithiwa uyakukhululwa mhla wakhupha umthetho kuzo zonke iinkosi zamaRharhabe ukuba zahlukane nokuhlasela iKoloni (besitsha zimbumbulu zikaMaqoma), okwesibini, bakumkhulula mhla bafumana 50 000 yenkomo newaka lamahashe. Omdala wathumela umyalezo kuMaqoma ukuba zifihlwe iinkomo bangacholi naphantsi abamhlope, okwesibini “angaze abathembe abelungu”. Bamdubula ke besenza ngathi ebezama ukwesaba eluvalelweni, bakrolonqa iindlebe namazinyo entlokweni yakhe bezakuzenzela amajikazi neembasa. UHintsa ke Ahh!! Zanzolo ebeyikumkani yamaXhosa emi kumhlaba wamaGcaleka, ebesithi amaRharhabe akuxakwa acele uncedo kuye, nakule ntsinda-badala yayiphakathi koNgqika noNdlambe wacebisa into yokuba aqeqeshwe uNgqika ngokungabi nambeko nangokulahlela isizwe ezandleni zabelungu, waza wathumela nowakhe umkhosi kwidabi laMalinde ukuze oyiswe nje uMaqoma. Kulo nto yonke ukususela apho ebengenayo enye inkumanda yomkhosi ayithembe ukudlula uMaqoma. Kungaphelelanga emkhosini nje kuphela nakwezenkcuba-buchopho nezomthetho ebemthanda uMaqoma. Nanko emthuma ukuya kunqanda idabi phakathi kwamaGqunukhwebe kaKama nemiDushane. Intombi kaMdushane ihlolelwe ukuba yendele kuKama, ibe ngumfazi wakhe wesibini. Wayala uKama esithi ungumKrestu yena akasingeni isithembu. Isigqibo salo ntlanganiso sathi: Mna Maqoma, nyana ka Ngqika, andinawo amandla okuphikisana noThixo kaKama, ngubani na ke onokumelana noThixo kaKama, uThixo odale bonke ubukhosi obukhoyo? Adliwa ke amaGqunukhwebe ezo nkomo zokuhlaza intombi yenkosi ibuye ingazekwanga. Yehla indaba ngenye imini amaphakathi kaHintsa aya kulanda uMaqoma ukuba alamle inguHintsa ke ngoku oyingxaki, ugxothe umkakhe uNomsa inkosazana yamaMpondo ebhotwe kuba bengavani ngoku unyana omkhulu uSarhili kufuneka olukile, akakwazi kungena engenamama. Wathetha nekumkani uMaqoma loluleka iqhina wabuya ukumkanikazi wangena umntwana esuthwini. UHintsa ngunyana kaKhawuta, ongunyana kaNgcaleka. Naliya ingcwaba lakhe phezu komlambo iGcuwa. Oonyana bakhe nguSarhili, Lind’inxuwa, Ndima, Xhoxho, Tyelimnyama, Mjezu, Bhobhoyi, Nozwane, Ncaphayi, Luyenge nabanye. Intombi nguKoloza nothotho lwezinye. Imfazwe kaHintsa ke iphela ngophalalo-gazi (ethnic cleansing) olunzulu kwisizwe samaRharhabe. UMaqoma undulula abafazi abalishumi linanye kuquka nabamhlophe ukuba baye ku Major-General John Cox (ekuthiywe ngaye iFort Cox) eQonce ukuze kuvulwe iingxoxo zoxolo “kuba iinkomo zimkile, amathafa neenduli zinuka ivumba lezidumbu zemfazwe,”watsho kugeleza iinyembezi isidlele esinye. '''Ngubani yena uSaqhwithi?''' '''NguSir Harry Smith'''. Ufika apha eBritish Kaffiraria nge 6 January 1835 ligqala ledabi laseWaterloo. Ubekade eseKapa ephethe amajoni khona. Wanconywa kakhulu yiBhilitane ngegalelo lakhe lokubulala amaNdiya kudlwengulwa umhlaba kwidolophu iAliwal yaseIndiya. Yena uyinzalelwane yaseWhittlesea yaseNgilane. Nguye owanyathela uJongomsobomvu entanyeni eBhayi, nguye onegazi lekumkani uHintsa ezamdleni zakhe. '''UMlanjeni''' ngumprofeti ovela ebantwini ngexa lengxokolo yembalela ka1850, uphuma kwisizwe semiQhayi kwesikaNdlambe. Unomlandeli wakhe ke umprofetikazi umama uNontetha Kwekwe pha eNgcabasa eXesi. Ulandela ke ekhondweni lothotho lwabaprofeti babantu abathunyelwa nguQamata wesizwe samaXhosa bephethe imiyalezo yokulumkisa nokwakha isizwe. Tanci kubo nguNtsikana umfo ka Gabha, umCirha uyise kaKobe noDukwana, owathi abantu abantsundu bophalala njengamanzi, isizwe sikaPhalo sozaliswa ziindlela zoololiwe. Wathi kuzakufika abantu abamhlophe bephethe iBhayibhile, ibhotile neqhosha elingenantunja. Kwezi zinto ze sithathe iBhayibhile yodwa. Ibhotile yona izakusiphalaza. “Ngubani na lo? nguYeye, uhamba nabani? noYise. Basphathele ntoni? Amasi. Ngendeb’enjani? Ebomvu. Bayibeka phi? Esbaya? Kwesingakanani? Kwesikhulu. Amabasele? Zizdenge zodwa!!” Mandenze into engenziwayo nditolike isiXhosa. UYeye yirhuluneli, uyise yikumkani (King William/George). Isiselo samaXhosa yayingamasi ingenguwo umqombothi, eselwa ngendebe eyayingazange ibe bomvu ngebala, yibranti le iphethwe apha. Bayibeka phi? Kwisibaya esikhulu. IBlanti emaXhoseni zange yangena kulemizana yethu, yangena komkhulu, buza ukumkani Ngqika Ahh!! Lwaganda kaMlawu, buza noNkosi Maqoma Ahh!! Jongumsobomvu. Iphela ke le vesi ngesilumkiso sokuba ningayiphathi. Naza nenjenjalo ke? Peeewu!!! Waqamba iculo lenkonzo: Ulengub’inkul’esiyambatha thina Ulongqin’izingela imiphefumlo Ulo Thixo omkhulu, ngosezulwini; Ungu Wena-wena Khaka lenyaniso. Ungu Wena-wena Nqaba yenyaniso. Ungu Wena-wena Hlathi lenyaniso. Abanye abaprofeti besizwe baquka noMakhanda ka Nxele, imfazwe yaseGazini phaya eRhini yaphela ebanjwa egityiselwa esiQithini. Yavela intetho ethi xa ulinde into engazukwenzeka kuthiwe “ulinde ukuza kukaNxele.” Nalapha, bambulala abelungu baxoka ngelithi warhaxwa ezama ukubaleka. (Iyafana nale kaBiko wahlatyaniselwa ngemibuzo encinwa wagqobhoka ukhakhayi lampompoza igazi lwangcol’ungele). Ityala lakhe kuba wabahlaza ngalemini ye22 kaApril/Tshaz’iimpuzi 1819 ehlasela emini ilanga lihlabe umhlaba ngamadoda alishumi lamawaka babaleka kuba babengalindelanga nto, babuya sebevutha ngumsindokazi wokucumza yonke into engumNdlambe. Kwaba bubutyityityi begazi kulendawo kuthiwa kuseGazini wena uyakuthi yi 1820 Settlers Monument. UMprofeti uMhlakaza yena nguyise kaNongqawuse. Bakho neninokubazi abalandelayo, oMgijima, oomama wase Chankcele, oomaNgconde, ooShembe, ooCredo Muthwa, oomamSonandi, ooRhadebe nabanye. Masingabadwelisi apha ke aba batyalwe ngongendawo bafumaneka kulo lonke eli benemilingo nomyalezo othimlisayo. '''ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA''' Ukuphela kweMfazwe yeZembe. Ngomhla we 14 December 1847 kufika irhuluneni enthsa ithunyelwa yiKoloni kumhlaba wamaRharhabe ithatha ke emva kukaRhuluneli Lieutenant Governor, Colonel John Hare owayephantsi kwesandla sika Maitland eKapa yena enikezele ulawulo ku Sir Henry Pottinger (kungenzeka ukuba uyazalana nalo wakwa Bell Pottinger inkampani yaseBhilitane esanda kubhadanywa ixhaphe amafutha kwibholo lokuthelekisa uMzantsi ngokobuhlanga ifunjathiswe yinkampani yosapho oluthile lwezinhanha zezifika-namthwalo olunkamfule urhulumente weli kwandawo, lazisikela kumanqatha obutyebi beli). Nguye lo Sir Henry Pottinger owaqhuba idabi lokugqibela leMfazwe yeZembe evuyelela amaGqunukhwebe kaPhatho Ahh!! Zwelandile uNovember wonke noDecember esenza into enye de yanikezela impi yakuthi. Iphela ke iMfazwe yeZembe ekhonkxiwe uKumkani Sandile egxothelwe elubhacweni eBhayi uMaqoma ehlala elalini yamaMfengu apho. EseBhayi njalo uMaqoma urhabula ulwimi ludlula ngeempukane eziluhlaza ukuba kukho irhuluneli entsha ethunyelwe yiBhilitane ezakufika ngalo mhla ngenqanawa kwalapha kunxweme lwaseBhayi. Waphalisa ke naye ukuvukela edolophini apho ukuya kuzibonela. Uqaphela siqhu sithile segxuba labangenelile abamhlophe bexokozela phambi kwehotela iPhoenix, wasondela, enye ingalo eyibeleke ngasemva esinga-singa ngesinye isandla. Ithe irhuluneli le intsha yakumqaphela ngefestile ikumgangatho ophezulu yehla yaphuma. Wothuka zapoqa iikawusi ngaphaya kwezihlangu omdala xa ebona kumi phambi kwakhe umbulali kaKumkani uHintsa, ebambe imihlathi waziva ethetha yedwa, “kanti iKoloni ithumele lento inguSmith ukuba ibe yirhuluneli? Azi soba ngabakabani? Yasondela kuye incume olweHlosi naye wacinga ukuba iza ngoxolo, kungathangani rhulukutyu intshuntshe irhuluneli yonda ngoJongumsobomvu, othuke wambatsha uyise wamaJingqi uye wahlehla, gquzu!!! isiqhazolo samadlagusha ohodoshe abebebukele, suka waphinda wayibuyisela kwasesingxobeni sayo waguquka wangena ehotela, engathethanga nto ngaphandle kolo ncumo ludikayo. Xa lithi ndithenge kwangolo suku uMaqoma ufumana isigidimi sokuba makafike kulaa hotela ehamba netoliki. Ngokwenene ke wazibona enyanzelekile ukuba aye kuba ebizwa yirhuluneli engacelwa ncam koko eyalelwa. Ekufikeni kwakhe, xa esolula isandla ngelixhawulayo elandela isiko lesintu xhakamfu yamngqula phantsi irhuluneli yamnyathela kubhongwana ngesihlangu imvimba umoya. Xa ezama ukungathi uyalwa, rhuthu kwalaa ntshuntshe yakusasa yamkhomba ngayo yakhonkotha ngaloo mlomo usisankqange la manzwi: “Oku makube sisifundo kuwe ukuba malazi lonke ilizwe looKafile ukuba ndim iNkosi nomlawuli kulo mhlaba kunjalo nje zakuphathwa ngolu hlobo iintshaba zeKumkanikazi yamangesi.” Ibe idume kakhulu ngezenzo zobuqaba nokungachubeki le ngqukumengqe uSmith, yonke into eyenzela ebugangxeni bobuxelegu. Esothukile owakuthi kodwa uwathandazele wawafumana amandlana okuziphendulela, uthethe ke ngelo lizwi licudisiweyo buduntsa buncwina wenjenje: “Uyinja, kwaye uziphethe okwenja, izenzo zakho zezobunja. Le uyenzayo akuyithunywanga nguKumkanikazi uVitoliya uyazi kakuhle ukuba ndingumntwan’egazi ncakasana nje ngaye.” Iqhuba nokusinhyala isihlangu entanyeni irhuluneli imxelele ukuba ngenxa yesigezo seeNkosi zamaXhosa kwiMfazwe yeZembe bakuhluthelwa yonke into abanayo, naloo malungelwana bebewanikwe yiKoloni kuba kukhala isihlangu sikaSmith ngoku. Waphakama apho esahexa unyana kaNgqika lungongoza uvalo ecinga ukuba ibuyile nje inja le izakubuyela kulaa nkohlakalo yayo ka1835, apho yayifungele ukubuhlutha ibubhuqe ibuvuthulule ibubhangise buphele ubunganga bezikumnkani neenkosi kumhlaba wamaRharhabe. Zimbini ke ngoku izihlandlo ahlaziswe kuzo esidlangalaleni ngendlela apha angazukufane ayilibale, okokuqala kukuqweqwediswa kwakhe nabantu bakhe bexheshelwa ngaphandle kumhlaba wamaJingqi eNgcwenxa ngo 1829, nale ke ngoku yokunyathelwa nguSaqhwithi entanyeni abantu nabelungu bejongile. Sisenzo esi esahlala sihleli siyintlungu kwimbali zamaXhosa ebaliselana isizukulwana ngesizukulwana. Lithi igqala lenkululeko yabantu, itshantliziyo elingasekhoyo elaphela liyiNkulu-Mbuso yokuqala yeMpuma-Kapa ubawo uRaymond Mhlaba wayebaliswelwa kakhulu ngoMaqoma ekukhuleni kwakhe eBhofolo kwiminyaka yo1920, ‘Utatomkhulu wam wayede abe ngathi uzakugabha xa ethetha ngoSmith emcaphukelela lento wayesingela phantsi ubukhosi bukaMaqoma, emphatha okwento engento.’ Kungentsuku zatywala emva kwale nkquleqhu irhuluneli entsha isuse elinye kumamaphakathi kaMaqoma ilithuma kumhlaba waseFort Hare ngehashe ukuba malise umyalezo kuKona unyana omkhulu kaMaqoma owayelibambela-kumkani lo gama uyise eseselubhacweni eBhayi. Lafika ke igqala elo emva kokuphalisa iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku bazo liphethe umyalezo wokuba unyana lowo uyafunwa entlanganisweni ekhwetywa yirhuluneli leyo eQonce. “Kuloo nkomfa kohlangana zonke iinkosi zezizwe zamaXhosa kaRharhabe,” laqokela latsho. Kuthi qatha engqondweni kaKona ukuba “thyini ndiyamnakana lo Sambhuntsuntsu kangxoway’ibotshwa wayegqugqisa ebaphethe mantsantsa ootata apha ndilikrwala ngo 1835, peewu! Kazi le nto ngaba ifuna ukuba yintoni?” Ukanti ke lonke eli lixa lisemva kweMfazwe yeZembe bebehlelisene kakuhle neKoloni oonyana bakaMaqoma oKona noNamba, besebenzisana neArhente yeKoloni kumhlaba waseFort Hare umfo owayengene kweli ezenza umfundisi kanti ungungcothoza werhuluneli u(Rev?) Henry Calderwood. Bade bathiwa jize ngemihlambi yeenkomo ezihluthwe kuSandile yiKoloni yabanceda ke loo nto ukubuyekeza ilahleko yabo mhla ngeMfazwe yeZembe. '''INKOMFA YOKUQALA YASEQONCE''' Nge 23 December 1847 yangena inkomfa ebibizelwe eQonce neNkosi zama Xhosa. Abathunywa ke babemi ngulo hlobo, isizwe samaNgqika-Rharhabe sasimelwe ngukumkani uSandile ephuma eluvalelweni, Anta, Suthu, noKona. UBhotomane noTola bemele imiDange. Kwangena uMhala uNkosi Siyolo noNkosi Siwani bemele amaNdlambe . UTshatshu wamaNtinde noNkosi Phatho Ahh!!!Zwelandile wamaGqunukhwebe. Irhuluneli ke nayo yaphalisa isuka eBhayi isiya eQonce, ikomkhulu layo eyazakhela lona iseyinkumanda yamajoni kwiminyaka elisumi linanye ngaphambi kwezi zinto. IQonce le abantu bayathanda ukukhalaza ngelithi ishushu kakhulu apha ehlotyeni, andazi nokuba abaqapheli na ukuba isesigingqini irhangqwe zintaba. Yayikhethelwe loo nto kanye nguSmith lo kuba kwakusiliwa, wayephupha ngoMaqoma ozokuhlasela nokuba sekusezinzulwini zobusuku. Kungoko wayefuna ukulubona utshaba lusesenkcochoyini yentaba nokuba luvele kweliphi icala ingakumbi eli laseDikeni. Yagaleleka la nkanyamba ithe nkqo inteshana yomxhaxha ivathe unonca ka”ndayame-nhanha” (tight) wetsithakhwe yalomaxesha kucaca ukuba yayimhlophe ngokuya yayifika, phuhlu amaphambili ngaphandle. Ive ngamaquza omkosi anyuke azakuma ngedolo. Ngasentla ngujobela omhle ongulombala wolwandle apha ekudibaneni ngaphambili unemiphetho egolide ehonjiswe ngothotho lwamaqhosha asilivere esehla macala omabini, umphetho wasentanyeni ugotyelwe phezulu. Isithsaba sisidlokolo esikwambala mnye nebhatyi nalomihombiso yemingqi enomtsalane kunene. Usondele kuzo iinkosi naloo mlomo, ethe qheke lo mazinyo akhabileyo avame ngokugqola yingxubevange yentshongo nekofu. Amabhovu amade amdaka namehlo esikhotshola (inyoka enobuhlungu) azele mome ubuthuku. Uphethe iziqwayi ezimbini wabanika waqalisa ukuphimisela ekhwaza kungekho sizathu etshayinta engemanga ndawonye ethe gaa isifuba okwehobe lojiwe, engqangwe bubugxwangu bamajoni eKoloni. Uthe: “Esinye sezo ziqwayi simele imfazwe esinye simele uxolo, khethani enisithandayo,” watsho ejinga amanqagisa engade awasule (bebezakuthi abakuthi nqanda ezo bhokhwe zimhlophe!!). Zajongana ezakuthi zasa amahlo kwezi zixhobo zala majoni zaya ngokungathi zicebiselene ukuxhumela esi soxolo isiqwayi. Waphinda waghraghrama ngathi ufuna kuve nabaseBhilitane, “tshayelani basuke bonke abantu benu ebesithe mabangahlali kummandla ongumda phakathi kweKoloni namaXhosa, ukususela ngoku, siyawulawula wonke umhlaba ophakathi komlambo iXesi nomlambo iNciba, ngaphezu kwalo sele siwuginyile. Lo mhlaba ke ngoku uzakuba nguGunyaziwe weBritish Kaffiraria.” Kulo mmandla ke akukho Nkosi iyakwamkela mirhumo nazinwe ezisuka ebantwini bayo, makuphele tu cwaka gqibe ukunukwa nokungcuthwa kwamagqwira kulo mmandla. Kwisizwe ngasinye kothunyelwa umkomishinala omhlophe yiKoloni ozakuba liliso layo apho. Le ke intetho yawaqoba umqolo yawujija yawaqhawula umnqambulo onke emalungelo namandla okulawula iinkosi zabantu. Noxa nje zazifutha ngaphakathi kwanyanzekleka ukuba ziginye nokuba kuyakrakra. Labe lizalwa ngokutsha kwakhona iphondo leKoloni eselibizwa ngoku ngokuba yiQueen Adelaide Province. Akwalindwa kuqandusela kwankukhu lwaqala ulawulo lweKoloni, ngesiquphe. UColonel George MacKinnon owayesanda kufika kweli wamiselwa abe ngumkomishinala oyiNtloko weBritish Kaffiraria kwabekwa abakomishinala ababini phantsi kwakhe. uCaptain John Maclean uzakujongana nezizwe zaselunxwemeni, amaGqunukhwebe namaNdlambe. Ityendyana unyana kamfundisi John Brownlee enguCharles yena wamiselwa ukulawula amaRharhabe la kaNgqika, wayesikhupha nangempumlo ke lo isiXhosa ukusithetha ukusibhala nokusitolika ehlala eMkhubiso kokwabo, kule ndawo inesikolo sabelimi ngoku. Yagaleleka iNyhwagi, fuxe, egcwele indawo uMhlangala endaweni yayo. NgeyoMdumba/February 1848 uyavunyelwa uMaqoma ukuba makabuye elubhacweni eBhayi ukhonjwa kwilali yaseMsobomvu. Apho babekwe khona abantu bakhe besuswa kumhlaba “weKoloni”. Zaba ne ke iinyanga ebuyile engena ephuma kumhlaba weKoloni ngokungemthetho ekhangela abantu bakhe abachithachithwe yiMfazwe yeZembe, noxa nje yayingemntu wonke oyaziyo eyona nto aphezu kwayo. Abangamthandiyo bamhleba ngokuba wayehamba asarha iCape Smoke (blanti) ezinkantini zaseBhofolo naseRhini. Mkhulu ke noko umonakalo owenziwa yile Mfazwe nokudlengulwa komhlaba nemfuyo ngaba hodoshe. Isizwe samaJingqi isishiya singamajingi-qhiwu abantu bethe saa umfuyo ishokoxekile. Ayelishumi linesixhenxe amawaka abalandeli bakaMaqoma ngo 1836 kodwa kufika unyaka ka 1848 sele elawula iqaqobana labantu abamawaka mabini neenkomo ezikwangako. Kwaba ngcono noko kuKumkani Sandile noxa nje naye wabetheka, usele neshumi linesihlanu lamawaka ukususela kwelinesixhenxe labantu abamkhonzayo neenkomo ezilishumi lamawaka nesiqingatha emva ko 1846. Noxa nje bakhawuleza banikezela kulawulo lobukoloniyali abantu bakaMaqoma, amaJingqi ngawo abetheka kakhulu nangaphezu kwezizwe ezaqhubela phambili nomzabalazo wokulwa abangeneleli. Abanxanelwe igwiba babalekela kwimimandla yamaMfengu, abasenomdla wokulwa bangena kwimikhosi yezinye izizwe ezazisayibambele phezulu imfazwe. Izihlandlo ezininzi kuJune/eyeSilimela walo nyaka uzame ukukhuphela abantu bakayise kummandla ongaphesheya kweTyhume, kweli cala lingaseBhofolo, kodwa wabethwa ebethiwe egxothelwa kwelinye icala eli ngamapolisa ekoloni kuba kaloku eli cala alinyolukeleyo besele lidliwe yikoloni. Ezingisile njalo ukubuyela kumhlaba wakhe eNgcwenxa uJongumsobomvu wabhala isicelo sokuba ahlaliswe nabantu bakhe ngentlana kancinane kwindawo eyayiyeyakhe kanye xa udlula ubhekisa ngaseHewu. Sakhatywa esi sicelo kuba lo mhla wawujolelwe amafama amhlophe asalima efuye phaya ke nangoku. Yaqalisa inkosi ukufudumala ngumsindwana wokuzibona sele iyimbabala yolwantunge kumhlaba kayise. Ulwamvila lolawulo lweKoloni lwakhawuleza lwathi tshitshilili kummandla iBritish Kaffiraria emva kokubhavumla kukaSaqhwithi uSmith kwinkomfa yaseQonce. Abakomishinala awababekayo wabalandelisa ngomkhosi wokukhusela izigqibo zabo ukuze kungabikho bani uphikisana nolawulo lweKoloni. Lo mkhosi wogonyamelo wawuhleli uhleli, umawaka mabili amajoni amhlophe, exutywe nawamaqhakancu kunye namakhulu amapolisa angamaXhosa. Phantsi kwale meko yogonyamelo amadoda amaninzi amaXhosa aphela engabaqeshwa kwidolophu ezazisaqala zabelungu ooQonce nooMonti aba. Njengokuba kwakhukuliswa onke amaRharhabe phesheya komlambo iTyhume kwakulungiselelwa ukufakwa kwabelungu njengabahlali bezi ndawo. Iilali zabo bazibiza Woburn, Auckland neJuanasberg, kwatwezwa neelali zamamfengu iDike eli lonke ukungqinga iFort Hare le kanye. Isizwe samaXhosa sazala zindlela neeblorho neenqaba lankenteza kwakhona ilizwi likaMprofeti uNtsikana. AmaXhosa amaninzi abhenela kwizikhululo zabefundisi beLizwi apho babenikwa amakhuba nembewu nto leyo eyababekela bucala yabenza into engento abalawuli bemveli eyayingumsebenzi wabo lo eluntwini. Ngoku amaXhosa ayehluthwe onke amandla okuzingca. Kwezolawulo ayexhomekeke kubakomishinala bakaSmith, ngomthetho bephantsi kwamapolisa eKoloni, uqoqosho lonke lusezandleni zabangeneleli amaXhosa ekhongozela iimbhuphu eziwa kwezo tafile zihlihlimayo zivuza indyebo yomhlaba wawo. Ngokwengqiqo ayexhomekeke kwintshumayelo yabefundisi abamhlophe eyayibabonisa ubuhle bempucuko yaseNtshona ekufuneka yamkelwe njengoko isiza ingavukelwa. Wayijonga uMaqoma le nkquleqhu wafungela ukungabuhlaziyi ubuhlobo bakhe naba befundisi lence, wabalela nabantu bakhe ukuba baqhube nokungena ezi nkonzo zilahlekisayo. Waphawula nokuba sehle saya kufika emanqineni isidima sobukhosi bemveli ingakumbi oko kwapheliswa izinto ezimbini ezazibugcinile, iinkomo zesahlulo ngenqoma, kunye neenkundla ezazinuka zigwebe amagqwirha. Imfazwe yeZembe yaphela ngenkulu yona indlala, khumbula kaloku ikoloni xa ihlasela yayiceba elona xesha libalulekileyo ebomini noqoqosho lomXhosa, xa iinkosi zikhuphe umthetho wokuba makutyalwe amasimi okanye xa kuvunwa. Ngale mfazwe ke umkhosi wamagwangqa wawufika ubhubhise ubulale undlengule utshise namasimi ukuze abantu abaseleyo balambe baye kucela umsebenzi kubangeneleli. Alamba ke amaXhosa aphela eqala umkhuba wokuphuthuma iinkomo zawo ngaphesheya komda wamakoloniyali ngokungekho mthethweni. Omnye wabakomishinala uBrownlee utyhola ngelithi uKona wayefundisa abalandeli bakhe ebakhuthaza ukuba mabebe iinkomo zabelungu kuba ezama ukuthandwa kuno Namba umntakwabo oyena wayezalelwe ukuba yindlalifa kaJongumsobomvu. Ngeli lixa ke yena uNamba wayesabacenga abelungu kummandla alawula kuwo. '''INKOMFA YESIBINI YASEQONCE''' Le nto yakhokelela uSaqhwithi Ahh!! Zanendlala Sir Harry Smith iRhuluneli ukuba akhwaze enye inkomfa nge 07 October/Canzibe 1848 apho wafika wazigxwagxusha iinkosi zamaXhosa ezishayitela ukubiwa kwenkomo zabelungu okuthande ukuxaka. Wabhavumla engqale kukumkani etshukutshela lo mbuzo, “San Dili, cacisa, kutheni iinkomo zabelungu ziphela ngamatutu?” IKumkani uSandile yajonga kumkhuluwa wayo uMaqoma iqonda nje ukuba eli lelinye lamathuba ezaa mpendulo zakhe zingambaliyo uSaqhwithi zingamazi nokuba usisiciko sayiphi na imbiza. Walibhaqa eli qhinga umlungu wakhonkotha, “Ndithe San Dili akhange ndithi Mocomo, phendula ngokwakho.” Zahlala ke iinkosi zizezo zishwayimbana etshayinta losambhuntsuntsu ethetha yedwa ethethela phezulu eshiya alilibeleyo ebathembisa ngohlaselo lomkhosi ukuba ubusela beenkomo zabelungu abupheliswa ziinkosi kanye ngaloo mzuzu. Ingxelo kamkomishinala uCharles Brownlee yayingatyeki ngakumaJingqi. Wasola wona kakhulu ngobu busela kummandla aphathiswe wona. Kubhaqwa amadoda amaJingqi esiba ukutya kwezi nqaba zabelungu mihla le atyatyulwe isigwebo semivumba engamashumi amathutha zincazelane izihlalo. Waqokela watsho umkomishinala. Aya esiya ngokuphela amathemba kuMaqoma akuqaphela ukuba luyendela ulawulo lobukoloniyali, luyabhanga ulawulo lweenkosi. Kwakungekho kwandlela yakucenga ingakumbi nje ngokuba iKoloni ithumela uSaqhwithi nje eBritish Kaffiraria ukuba ayilawule ngeli bhunguza aliphetheyo. NgeyoMdumba ka 1949 uKona wagweba uPantsi omnye kubantu bakhe owatyholwa ngobugqwirha waza wancinwa wangcungcuthekiswa wafa. Umkomishinala uCharles Brownlee waliphanda elityala wagibisela entolongweni abo babandakanyekayo kuquka noNed Maqoma noThata igqirhakazi. Engazange abufumane enjalo ubungqina obubambekayo bokuvalela uKona emjiva, yazicacela kuye into yokuba ikoloni ibingafekethi ngokuya ibisithi makuphele tu cwaka ukunukwa kwamagqwirha.Kwathi xa kusithela eYokwindla/March ku 1949 uMaqoma noNamba balahleka iinyanga ezintathu zonke bengabonakali kumhlaba kaRharhabe kanti basatyelele uManyawuza uNomsa indlunkulu kaHintsa nonyana wakhe uSarhili kukho macebo athile ababeye kuhlangula wona ukuze babuyele nawo ekhaya kumcimbi othile ozayo ongaziwa mntu ke phofu ulinqweme lakomkhulu. Behleli ke ezinyanga zingaka bebencina apha kumama wesizwe amaqhinga okugxotha umhlola ekhaya, lo kaloku wedolo lomlungu elihleli esifubeni samaRharhabe angakwazi nokuzonwaya. Sele edlulile amashumi mabini eminyaka uMaqoma wamnceda uNomsa lo egxothwe ngumyeni iKumkani uHintsa lo wagwintwa nguSmith wambulala. Akucaci ke ukuba zaphela ndawoni ezi ngxoxo kodwa awazange athathe nxaxheba isesidlangalaleni amaGcaleka kwiMfazwe eyalandelayo kaMlanjeni, mhalwumbi ke uMaqoma wayebacengela ukuba mabenze olwabo uvukelo lwekoloni abavuma. Usathwasa nje unyaka ka1850 uvula ngenkulu imbhalela eyalibharhisa latshaza laxweba kalusizi ilizwe likaRharhabe elibizwa British Kaffiraria. Ngenxa yobunzima iinkosi zaqalisa ukuphuthuma izahlulo zazo ebantwini, kaloku “inkomo yenqoma yintsengwebheka” madoda, uyisenga nje uyabheka hleze umniniyo sele elapha ukuza kuyiphuthuma, ubuyibolekiwe kakade. Yabaqumbisa ke abantu le nto baqalisa ukuhumshela ngenkohlakalo yezi nkosi zingenalusini. Phakathi kwaloo ngxokolo uninzi lwabantu lucunukile yindlala, yimbalela nesenzo seenkosi kwabakho ngesiquphe indoda eyaba ngumprofeti ivela kwisizwe semiQhayi kwaNdlambe egama linguMlanjeni. '''ISAHLUKO SESIBINI''' …… Stapleton, Timothy, 2016,Maqoma: The Legend of a Great Xhosa Warrior, Amava Heritage Publishing Dekker, Nicholas, 2017, Maqoma’s Last War, Amava Heritage Publishing W.B Rhubusana, 1906, Zemk’iinkomo Magwalandini, Lovedale Press Jolobe , JJR, 1970, Indyebo Yesihobe, Incwadi 2, EducumPublishers Opland, Jeff and Mtuze, Peter, 2017, SEK Mqhayi: Iziganeko Zesizwe, Volume 4, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press Bennie G.W, 2011, Imibengo, Lovedale Press Yekela, Drucilla, 1988, The Life and Times of Kama Chungwa 1798-1875, MA Thesis, Rhodes University. Tlhapi J, 2016, Case 22654/2011 King Bangiliawe Maxhobayakhawuleza Sandile vs. President of the Republic of South Africa and six others, Pretoria Gauteng Division of Hight Court of South Africa. Benso 1981, The Republic of Ciskei: A nation in Transition, Benso Elliott, Aubrey, 19.., The Magic World of the Xhosa p8gj37viwbeaonat4xf1xuwe70bdjxs 0 6673 40695 32753 2026-06-12T07:30:04Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked imbali zamaXhosa with intombi 40695 wikitext text/x-wiki :Ngokubhalwe ngu-W.K.N ::'''UMLIBO KAHLEKE''' UTshiwo, uHleke noMdange, ngoonyana bakaNgconde. utshiwo waazalwa yedwa kokwabo, uHleke noMdange ngabeqadi lakokwabo. Le nto igama likaHleke linge[[Imbalasane|mbalasane]], kungokuba engazange aphume kowabo, abe luphondo oluzimeleyo. uthe yena umdange waphuma wanga umka ngokuzingela iinyamakazi, yasuka yathi yonke impi ya[[komkhulu]] ene[[Ivuso|vuso]] yaya kuye, kube njalo ke ukuze abenabantu, abelicala elivakalayo unanamhla. Buthe ke obukaHleke ubukhosi baphela ngokusuka alahle alibale k[[ukujola]] izifuba zeenkomo komkhulu apho. Ithi imbali amacala kaHleke ebemane: ibiy[[indlu eNkulu]], [[ikunene]], il[[ikhohlo]], ili[[xhiba]]. Kwindlu eNkulu, wazala [[Intombi - Umbongo kaYako|intombi]] yodwa, egama lingu''Ntlushe'', wathi ekunene wazala ''uMtyawu'', inkulu kwanabanye. Ekhohlo uzele u''Mtshiza'' owaya kuthatyathwa, waza kufakwa kwiNdlw'eNkulu, kuba ibingenamntwana uyinkwenkwe. Ubeke y[[inkulu]] yomzi. uthe ke yena wazala uManxa, awamshiya kulo mzi, wabuya yena waza kwaseKhohlo kwicala lakokwabo, eMahobeni. UManxa wazala uXili noVazi bengamawele. Kumfazi wokuqala uXili uzele Xhalata noNongongo. Wathi akuphind'[[ukuzeka]], wazeka intombi yasemaMpingeni, uNokhandlo, ethe yona yazala uBini, uKwankwa noTshethse. UBini lowo wathathwa wasiwa kwindlw'eNkulu. Ngelakhe icala uVazi uyisekazi uzele uMambu, uCata noKula; ekunene uzele uBhadulo, uMpontsi nabanye. Uthe ke uBini akukhula wavulelwa okaXili umzi, akawunikwa owaseMbonjeni. OwaseMbonjeni wanikwa uNquku, intwenkulu kaMtshiza eyayingazalanga. Uthe tu uBini, ngamhlana uthile, weza kucel'[[inqoma]] k[[uyisekazi]] esithi uyalamba. Wam[[Ukulandula|landulela]] omnye. uthe akulandulelwa wasele suka esiya komkhulu, kwaNgqika, eXhukwane, esiya [[Ukumangala|kumangalela]] uyisekazi lowo ngokuthi [[Ukohlutha|umhlutha]] umzi. Uye wathi uVazi Loo mzi waseMbonjeni wawunikwa yena ngumkhuluwa wakhe. Lithe [[iphakathi]] wawunikwa eyephi uBini? Uthe yena kwathiwa mawugcinwe nguye. Ilandiwe loo nto ifunyenwe ingenabungqina, waza wagwetywa uVazi nguNgqika kwathiwa makazikhuphe zonke ezo nkomo azinike uBini. [[Igxamesi|Amagxamesi]] aseMbonjeni ibingawakulo Ntsundwane, nowaseRosheni, nowaseTeke. Kwatshiwo ke kwathiwa makusale owaseMwangwini, usale usaluswa kwanguBini lowo. cz6zjogp2akby4lhl8zwxvhtdwz05xe 0 6679 40786 32791 2026-06-12T08:35:13Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40786 wikitext text/x-wiki # '''''imfene''''' asisilo sikhe sifuywe mntu emaXhoseni, sifuywa emlungwini kuphela. sisilo esi[[ukukhankanya|khankanyelwa]] kubantu abang[[amagqwirha]]. Sisilo ekuthiwa size n[[abantu baseMbo]], kuba ezamaXhosa izilo zo[[ukuthakatha|kuthakatha]] ibizizikhova (oothunywashe), nothikoloshe noozimpundulu, ne[[Ingcuka|ngcuka]] n[[amachanti]]. Izilo zokuthwasa ibiziindlovu, ingonyama nengwe. Ke ababeneemfene babezifihla koovimba nakwezinye iindawo ezikholisa ukuyiwa ngabo bodwa, athi norhanayo [[ukurhana|arhane]] ngokubona [[ithupha]] layo kwakusa, mhlawumbi ngokuyibona ngasebuhlanti, ebusuku, [[Ukwanya|isanya]] iinkomo zabanye abantu. Eli qhalo livele kuloo nto yokuba kuyinto enqatyiswe kakhulu ngabaniniyo. Uthi namhlanje umntu oy[[inzotsholo]], oko kukuthi, ong[[untamnani]], uve sekusithiwa, ''Lunyawo lwemfene'', mhlawumbi lunyawo luka-Janyuwali; oko kukuthi yinto esekubonakala yayo yokugaqa nokuhlalela abanye abantu, ngasese ebexoka, ebahleba, esekeleze inzuzo kuphela ngabo. Waye enjalo nje ezifihla, ebonakala ngathi ulungile, ek[[Ukukhanyela|ukhanyela]] ukuba ung[[untamnani]], ade alile nokulila. Uthi ke kuba efihlwa kakhulu umntu onjalo, njengemfene, ngaabo abathuthela iindaba, kuze kubonakale imisebenzi yakhe yodwa, sekuthiwa ''Lunyawo lwemfene'' . Ngumsebenzi okukhohlakala kukhulu, obufanele ukuba ungenziwa, ungangenwa, ngabantu bakowethu ngenxa yenzuzo yemali. er1lutyey989tze7zxwq7ggaihijjov 40788 40786 2026-06-12T08:36:35Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by Unisnomden: reverting vandalism 32791 wikitext text/x-wiki imfene asisilo sikhe sifuywe mntu emaXhoseni, sifuywa emlungwini kuphela. sisilo esi[[ukukhankanya|khankanyelwa]] kubantu abang[[amagqwirha]]. Sisilo ekuthiwa size n[[abantu baseMbo]], kuba ezamaXhosa izilo zo[[ukuthakatha|kuthakatha]] ibizizikhova (oothunywashe), nothikoloshe noozimpundulu, ne[[Ingcuka|ngcuka]] n[[amachanti]]. Izilo zokuthwasa ibiziindlovu, ingonyama nengwe. Ke ababeneemfene babezifihla koovimba nakwezinye iindawo ezikholisa ukuyiwa ngabo bodwa, athi norhanayo [[ukurhana|arhane]] ngokubona [[ithupha]] layo kwakusa, mhlawumbi ngokuyibona ngasebuhlanti, ebusuku, [[Ukwanya|isanya]] iinkomo zabanye abantu. Eli qhalo livele kuloo nto yokuba kuyinto enqatyiswe kakhulu ngabaniniyo. Uthi namhlanje umntu oy[[inzotsholo]], oko kukuthi, ong[[untamnani]], uve sekusithiwa, ''Lunyawo lwemfene'', mhlawumbi lunyawo luka-Janyuwali; oko kukuthi yinto esekubonakala yayo yokugaqa nokuhlalela abanye abantu, ngasese ebexoka, ebahleba, esekeleze inzuzo kuphela ngabo. Waye enjalo nje ezifihla, ebonakala ngathi ulungile, ek[[Ukukhanyela|ukhanyela]] ukuba ung[[untamnani]], ade alile nokulila. Uthi ke kuba efihlwa kakhulu umntu onjalo, njengemfene, ngaabo abathuthela iindaba, kuze kubonakale imisebenzi yakhe yodwa, sekuthiwa ''Lunyawo lwemfene'' . Ngumsebenzi okukhohlakala kukhulu, obufanele ukuba ungenziwa, ungangenwa, ngabantu bakowethu ngenxa yenzuzo yemali. n6abwd8wocby8ud5uezd41h7c004ey3 40792 40788 2026-06-12T08:39:13Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IMFENE''' * '''imfene''' asisilo sikhe sifuywe mntu emaXhoseni, sifuywa emlungwini kuphela. sisilo esi[[ukukhankanya|khankanyelwa]] kubantu abang[[amagqwirha]]. Sisilo ekuthiwa size n[[abantu baseMbo]], kuba ezamaXhosa izilo zo[[ukuthakatha|kuthakatha]] ibizizikhova (oothunywashe), nothikoloshe noozimpundulu, ne[[Ingcuka|ngcuka]] n[[amachanti]]. Izilo zokuthwasa ibiziindlovu, ingonyama nengwe. Ke ababeneemfene babezifihla koovimba nakwezinye iindawo ezikholisa ukuyiwa ngabo bodwa, athi norhanayo [[ukurhana|arhane]] ngokubona [[ithupha]] layo kwakusa, mhlawumbi ngokuyibona ngasebuhlanti, ebusuku, [[Ukwanya|isanya]] iinkomo zabanye abantu. Eli qhalo livele kuloo nto yokuba kuyinto enqatyiswe kakhulu ngabaniniyo. Uthi namhlanje umntu oy[[inzotsholo]], oko kukuthi, ong[[untamnani]], uve sekusithiwa, ''Lunyawo lwemfene'', mhlawumbi lunyawo luka-Janyuwali; oko kukuthi yinto esekubonakala yayo yokugaqa nokuhlalela abanye abantu, ngasese ebexoka, ebahleba, esekeleze inzuzo kuphela ngabo. Waye enjalo nje ezifihla, ebonakala ngathi ulungile, ek[[Ukukhanyela|ukhanyela]] ukuba ung[[untamnani]], ade alile nokulila. Uthi ke kuba efihlwa kakhulu umntu onjalo, njengemfene, ngaabo abathuthela iindaba, kuze kubonakale imisebenzi yakhe yodwa, sekuthiwa ''Lunyawo lwemfene'' . Ngumsebenzi okukhohlakala kukhulu, obufanele ukuba ungenziwa, ungangenwa, ngabantu bakowethu ngenxa yenzuzo yemali. mhi6byljr3dkg5ww5u5fqaz8u8kks4w 0 6706 40809 32883 2026-06-12T09:14:06Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40809 wikitext text/x-wiki ::Ngokubhalwe ngu-W. W. G.J * Kuthiwa uLangana, unyana omncinane kaDebe, waazimela kowabo emaGqunukhwebeni, weza kukhonza kule ndlu kaTshawe, ngeemini zikaTshiwo. * Wamkelwa, wabusa, wanobuphakathi kwakuTshiwo apho. * Wazekelwa umfazi nguTshiwo, waza wazala uKwáne oyintanga kaRharhabe. Waathi kuba ngelo xesha uPhalo ubesika kunene abantu, waba lelinye lamagosa anikelwa abantu abangamagqwirha ukuba basikwe. * Kuthiwa kuthe ngexesha uPhalo ebemi eNxarhuni apha, kwafika abantu abasuswa nguGcaleka ukuzakuhlaba umkhosi kuPhalo noRharhabe ukuba umzi umanyonywana nguNgqosini, inkosi yamaGqwashe, namagwangqa, kwanamaNgqosini. Loo nkosi yileya yayikhe yalwa noKhanzi, mzuzu, ngophondo lwendlovu, besebancinane uRharhabe noKwáne. Namhla yavukela uGcaleka, owathi yena waza kuhlaba umkhosi kuyise, nasekunene kuRharhabe, umninawe wakhe. uPhalo uyihlanganisile eyakhe (Umnqhalasi) eyona ilixhiba, baza bathi ke uKwáne noGaba inkosana ebikwakhonza kuPhalo, iligosa nayo lokusika abantu, bathi ukuvela kwabo bavela namahlathi ezimpi ezikholise ngaba bantu kwakuthiwe mabasikwe bayathakatha. * Kuthiwa waathi akubona loo nto uPhalo wasel'ebamisela ebukhosini, wabanikela indwe yaloo mabandla bawaphetheyo, wabanxiba ubuhlalu (intsimbi) ukuba bawathethe bawagqibe amatyala, (noko awokubhena ebeyakuya kuye wona nakuRharhabe) ize nayo yonke iminikelo ebisenziwa komkhulu enje ngokwindla (ulibo), uvalo lwemvubu, isifuba sempofu, izintsu zengwe, indwe, inamba, izizi, bazamkele. Waagqibela ngelizwi elithi kubo,-"Ize nibinze nakumukuba ndinonile. Wayethetha ke ukuthi amaGqunukhwebe namaNgqosini angabinza kooRharhabe noGcaleka, oonyana bakhe abakhulu. Yiyo ke le ndawo wade wamthimba wambamba uRharhabe ngakwelaa hlathi likaNxele, ukuze ade aphuthunywe nguKibiko omnye woonyana bakhe. :::::UMNOMBO KADEBE Kuthiwa uDebe waazala uLangana, waza uLangana wazala uKwáne. UKwáne ke kuthiwa uzele uTyarha noBhabha intombi. Abanye bathi uKwáne waazala uGqunukhwebe, oyena waazala uTyarha. Asiyazi ke eyona nyaniso ukuba yiyiphi na. Utyarha uzele UTshaka. UTshaka wazala uChungwa inkulu, noNxashe ozele uMbini, ozele uGqamana ekunene. UChungwa uzele uPhatho inkulu, noKobe noHina abamaqadi endlu enkulu kwanoToni noNyengana. Kwelinye iqadi kwale ndlu enkulu kuzelwe uSitu, ozele uHobeni, ozele uMomo, noBhadi ekunene. UMomo uzele uZondani. Kwiqadi lakuloBhadi kuzelwe uNkuntsu, ozele uKhulu, ozele uKilasi, ozele uMdyogolo. UBhadi uzele uManana, Thembani, noDyemane ekunene. UManana uzele uFrank, Daniel, Maya, noSamuel. UThembani uzele uNtanti, noSonamzi. UZondani wazala amankazana odwa. Igama lenkabi kaChungwa yomzi omkhulu nguNxwála. Ekunene uChungwa uzele uKama. Kwiqadi lasekunene uzele umama ozele uMbúlwana (James)noBoyce Mama. UJames Mama uzele uLot, noWilliam, noHolford, nabanye. UBoyce Mama uzele uShadrach, James, nabanye. UPhato uzele uDilima inkulu, noMate ekunene, noYongama ixhiba. Udilima uzele uNamba. UMate uzele uMkhonzi. UKobe uzele uKatikati kwindlu enkulu, noDyani, noMqali; ekunene wazala uKosani. UKosani uzele uKalikeni inkulu, nabanye. UKama uzele uMani (Samuel) inkulu, noXhanti (William Shaw), noMzinana (John Wesley). UMani uzele uLuthuli nabanye. UHina uzele uSampu kwindlu enkulu, noSentile noFeni. Ekunene uzele uJayi noNalo. UToni uzele uTapolisi nabanye. Buninzi ke obunye ubukhosana obukhoyo emaGqunukhwebeni. :::::IVELA NGQANGI KACHUNGWA Imvela ngqangi kaChungwa nguKobe, umfo okhe wawuphatha kakuhle wonke lo mzi wasemaGqunukhwebeni emva kokubhubha kukaChungwa. Kuthiwangumfo ebenamaci amahle okuwuphatha umzi, owathi wabaphatha kakuhle abantwana bakayise uPato noKama. Yinkosi ebithandwa kunene ngamaGqunukhwebe. Kuvakala ukuba maninzi amaGqunukhwebe awasalayo kuye, akaya noKama eTala. NguSampu unyana omkhulu kaHina , inkosi yaseMxumbu, owaya noKama eTala. Waanyamezela wahlala noKama lowo, wada noKama wamzekela intombi kaDwane inkosazana yakwaNtinde. :::::UPHATO INKULU UPhato intw'enkulu kaChungwa yinkosi ebithandwa kahulu emaGqunukhwebeni. Asinkosi ibikholisa ngakulala ingene ingakuRhulumente kwezi mfazwe zonke bezisiliwa. Yinkosi ebiligorha, eliciko, ebisithi icala ebambe kulo kwezi mfazwe ibambe kalukhuni kude kumamaniseke. :::::UKAMA UKUNENE Ukama yinkosi ebizolile, ibabekile ibathanda abantu bakowayo. Ide yafun'ukugubungela ngodumo nangesithozela, ngangokude uninzi lwabantu, abalunge kuPhato, babuse kuye iminyaka emininzi, engenzi khethe ekubaphatheni kuba belunge kwenye inkosi. Ithe eyona nto yambangela ngakumbi udumo yaba kukwamkela ilizwi likaThixo ngomxhelo nangenyaniso. Waasikeleleka kunene, wabekwa wahlonelwa kakhulu nasebukhweni bakhe kwaRharhabe. Akavumanga ukuzeka isithembu, wayigxotha nentombi kaMdutshane awayeyiganelwa ngamakowabo. Ityala lokuyigxotha laagwetywa nguMaqoma iciko elikhulu wathi, -"Ngubani na noThixo kaKama, uThixo odale bonke ubukhosi obukhoyo; yena (Maqoma) ezalwa nguNgqika nje, akanamandla okumphikisa uThixo kaKama." 7dfes2drx8b4jnidhifngv57t7ayjnh 0 6847 40698 40469 2026-06-12T07:32:08Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked Amanda black with izifundo zoguquko 40698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Amanda Black Blue and Pink, 2017.jpg|thumb|Amanda Black]] '''UAmanda Benedicta Antony''' [[AmaXhosa|ngumXhosa]].<ref name=":0" /> Wazalwa ngomhla wa24 kweyeKhala ngowe1993 [[Mthatha|eMthatha]], [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]. Ukhulele eGcuwa, e[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]], apho wachitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe. Ukhe wahlala naseMonti. Emva kwexesha wafudukela e[[IBhayi|Bhayi]], apho wagqiba [[Izifundo zoguqulo|izifundo]] zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo eKabega Christian School, e[[IBhayi|Bhayi]], phambi kokuba aqhubele phambili nemfundo yakhe kwiYunivesithi yase[[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan]], apho waye wafunda khona izifundo zoMculo.<ref name=":1" /> Icwecwe lakhe lokuqala lase-studio ''[[Amazulu (album)|elithi Amazulu]]'', lagqwesa ekuthengiseni kwaye laphumelela “iAlbhamu Yonyaka”. Elinye iwonga wathi walizuza lelokuba “yeYona mvumi ibalaseleyo kwimvumi ezifikayo emcululweni zonyaka kowa2016”. Kwaye wakhankanywa "njengOyena Mculi waManina woNyaka”. Waze wafuna newonga le “Yona albhamu yeR&B yeSoul/Reggae”.<ref name=":2" />^1] Ngowa2019, wabizwa ngokuba yeyona mvumi isasazwa kakhulu kwi[[:en:Apple_Music|Apple Music]]. == Imbali ngobomi nangemfundo kaAmanda == UAmanda Benedicta Antony [[AmaXhosa|ngumXhosa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=TshisaLIVE|title=Amanda Black: I once believed that being black wasn't cool|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/2017/03/01/Amanda-Black-I-once-believed-that-being-black-wasnt-cool|accessdate=28 May 2017|website=Times LIVE}}</ref> Uzalwe ngomhla we-24 kweye Khala ngo 1993 [[Mthatha|eMthatha]], [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]. Ukhulele eGcuwa, e[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]], apho wachitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe. Ukhe wahlala nase Monti. Emva kwexesha wafudukela e[[IBhayi|Bhayi]], apho wagqiba izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo eKabega Christian School, e[[IBhayi|Bhayi]], phambi kokuba aqhubele phambili nemfundo yakhe kwiDyunivesithi yase [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]], apho waye wafunda khona izifundo zoMculo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bambalele|first=Patience|title=Amanda Black proves her star power|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/12/15/amanda-black-proves-her-star-power|accessdate=21 May 2017|website=Sowetan LIVE|archive-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002533/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/12/15/amanda-black-proves-her-star-power|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Icwecwe lakhe lokuqala lase-studio ''[[Amazulu (album)|elithi Amazulu]]'', lagqwesa ekuthengiseni kwaye laphumelela “iAlbhamu Yonyaka”. Elinye iwonga wathi walizuza lelokuba “Eyona mvumi ibalaseleyo kwimvumi ezifikayo emcululweni zonyaka ka 2016”. Kwaye wakhankanywa njengo “Oyena Mculi waManina woNyaka”. Waze wafuna ne wonga le “yona albhamu yeR&B ye Soul/Reggae”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Bambalele|first=Patience|title=Amanda Black proves her star power|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/12/15/amanda-black-proves-her-star-power|accessdate=28 May 2017|website=Sowetan LIVE|archive-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002533/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/12/15/amanda-black-proves-her-star-power|dead-url=yes}}</ref>^1] Ngo-2019, wabizwa ngokuba yeyona mvumi isasazwa kakhulu kwiApple [[Apple Music|Music]]. == Umsebenzi == Waqala ukucula esemncinane ecaweni nasesikolweni de wagqiba iminyaka elishumi elinambini ubudala. Waze wathatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano olwaluzingela italente okwambonisa ukuba adlale eqongeni. == Imithombo == {{reflist}} [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] lti1o3w3bf0k0s9cns8bf5m73ensjhi 0 6850 40774 38690 2026-06-12T08:32:26Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Improving contents 40774 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''U-Oscar Mbongeni Ndlovu''', ngumvelisi werekhodi waseMzantsi Afrika, umsasazi kunye no-DJ. Uyila umculo wendlu oqulethe izinto ze-deep house, i-deep tech, i-Nu Jazz, isingqisho esaphukileyo kunye nomculo weLounge<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Do Not Sleep On This Fresh Talent, Oscar Mbo|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/do-not-sleep-on-this-fresh-talent-oscar-mbo/|url-status=live|website=Zikhiphani}}</ref> == Waziwa kakhulu ngokuseka kwakhe kunye neendima zakhe ezidlala indima enkulu kwipodcast yokonwabisa, umboniso ''weAshmed Hour''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thango|first=Ntwasa|date=8 November 2019|title=How DJ Oscar Mbo is using different avenues to create listenership and open up the industry|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sebenza-live/2019-11-08-how-dj-oscar-mbo-is-using-different-avenues-to-create-listenership-and-open-up-the-industry/|url-status=live|accessdate=10 April 2021|website=Sowetan Live}}</ref> == Obomi bakwangoko == U-Oscar Mbo wazalelwa ePitoli waza wakhulela eKriel, e[[Mpumalanga]] kwintshona ye-[https://www.sa-venues.com/maps/mpumalanga/witbank.php Witbank] apho wachitha ixesha elininzi lobuntwana bakhe. == Umsebenzi == NgoSeptemba ka-2019, wakhupha i-EP yakhe yokuqala, uBomi kunye noThando kwaye kamva ngoNovemba wazisa icwecwe lakhe lokuqala, Amandla eGolide. Ukwalilungu leqela lesithathu iGolden Boys Entertainment<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2020|title=Oscar Mbo Releases His Second Studio Album Titled 'For The Groovists'|url=https://kayatv.co.za/en/kaya-tv-shows/kaya-tv-shows-gen/all-shows-kaya-tv/63123/platinum-fridays-s2020|url-status=live|accessdate=10 April 2021|website=Sho Magazine}}</ref>. Ukhe waboniswa kwiPlatinum Friday yeKaya FM noT-Bose,<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title="Platinum Fridays (s2020)"|url=https://scrolla.africa/oscar-mbo-defying-a-clubless-world/|url-status=live|website=Kaya TV}}</ref> Metro FM, TransAfrica Radio nakumdlalo kamabonakude iVuzu, Hit Refresh<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo - defying a clubless world|url=https://scrolla.africa/oscar-mbo-defying-a-clubless-world/|url-status=live|website=Iol}}</ref>. Ufumene imvume evela kwiDizili<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Diesel partners with SA Djs to promote emerging talents|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/style-beauty/fashion/diesel-partners-with-sa-djs-to-promote-emerging-talents-f55e4434-63de-4650-8bdf-2f4cfebdbe83|url-status=live|website=Iol}}</ref>. Ngo-2019, wenza ukhenketho lwakhe lokuqala lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiKlabhu ye-DJOON eParis ku-DJ Shimza's One Man Show kunye naseMozambique.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Shimza's One Man Show headed to Mozambique in 2020|url=https://justnje.com/shimzas-one-man-show-headed-to-mozambique-in-2020/|url-status=live|website=Just Nje|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410124439/https://justnje.com/shimzas-one-man-show-headed-to-mozambique-in-2020/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Uye wadlala kwaye waba yintloko kwiminyhadala efana neHouse Musiq Festival eSwaziland<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nokwanda|first=Sibandze|date=9 March 2020|title=Over a thousand at House Musiq Fest|url=http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=11881|url-status=live|website=Eswatini Observer|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410124442/http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=11881|dead-url=yes}}</ref> kunye neWololo Music Festival eWitbank<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=AKA and Casper Nyovest to headline at Wololo Music Festival|url=https://m.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/480/168959.html|url-status=live|website=Bizcommunity}}</ref>. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2020, wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lesibini elinesihloko esithi, For The Groovists, elachongwa kumaBhaso oMculo oMzantsi Afrika angama-27 kwicwecwe lomdaniso<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=SAMAs 2021: All the winners|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/samas-2021-all-winners|url-status=live|website=musicnafrica.net}}</ref> kwaye wabonisa umvelisi we-amapiano uKabza De Small.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=13 South African Artists to Look Out For In 2021|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/south-african-artists-to-watch-2021/?rebelltitem=12|url-status=live|accessdate=Okay Africa}}</ref> NgoFebruwari 2021, wacula eBlizz Lounge ePitoli kunye nemvumi uBrian Temba.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo, Brian Temba to perfom at Blizz Lounge in Pretoria CBD|url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/oscar-mbo-brian-temba-to-perform-at-blizz-lounge-in-pretoria-cbd-d566c5fc-7478-490c-b58b-37ff3ae12c69|url-status=live|website=iol}}</ref> NgoJulayi 2021, wakhupha iEP yakhe enesihloko esithi, Defenders of House<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo releases EP, Defenders of House|url=https://justnje.com/oscar-mbo-releases-ep-defenders-of-house/|url-status=live|website=Just Nje|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731230924/https://justnje.com/oscar-mbo-releases-ep-defenders-of-house/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == I-Discography == # '''''Love & Life EP (2019)''''' # '''''Golden Power (2019)''''' # '''''For The Groovists (2020)''''' # '''''Defenders of House (2021)''''' == Amabhaso kunye nokutyunjwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Unyaka !Umsitho wokuwonga !Ibhaso !Isiphumo |- |2017 | rowspan="2" |South African Music Awards |Umculi oyindoda woNyaka |Utyunjiwe<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 May 2021|title=Samas 27: Nominations are out and men are leading the nods|url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/2493919/samas-27-nominations-are-out-and-its-male-dominated//|url-status=live|website=The Citizen}}</ref> |- | |Icwecwe lomdaniso eligqwesileyo |Utyunjiwe |} [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] * <references /> iancqqsyem7v23pz1yao583as9mp1k1 40783 40774 2026-06-12T08:34:54Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/KhanyaMaseti|KhanyaMaseti]] ([[User talk:KhanyaMaseti|talk]]) to last version by InternetArchiveBot: test edits, please use the sandbox 38690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''U-Oscar Mbongeni Ndlovu''', ngumvelisi werekhodi waseMzantsi Afrika, umsasazi kunye no-DJ. Uyila umculo wendlu oqulethe izinto ze-deep house, i-deep tech, i-Nu Jazz, isingqisho esaphukileyo kunye nomculo weLounge<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Do Not Sleep On This Fresh Talent, Oscar Mbo|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/do-not-sleep-on-this-fresh-talent-oscar-mbo/|url-status=live|website=Zikhiphani}}</ref> Waziwa kakhulu ngokuseka kwakhe kunye neendima zakhe ezidlala indima enkulu kwipodcast yokonwabisa, umboniso ''weAshmed Hour''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thango|first=Ntwasa|date=8 November 2019|title=How DJ Oscar Mbo is using different avenues to create listenership and open up the industry|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sebenza-live/2019-11-08-how-dj-oscar-mbo-is-using-different-avenues-to-create-listenership-and-open-up-the-industry/|url-status=live|accessdate=10 April 2021|website=Sowetan Live}}</ref> == Obomi bakwangoko == U-Oscar Mbo wazalelwa ePitoli waza wakhulela eKriel, e[[Mpumalanga]] kwintshona ye-[https://www.sa-venues.com/maps/mpumalanga/witbank.php Witbank] apho wachitha ixesha elininzi lobuntwana bakhe. == Umsebenzi == NgoSeptemba ka-2019, wakhupha i-EP yakhe yokuqala, uBomi kunye noThando kwaye kamva ngoNovemba wazisa icwecwe lakhe lokuqala, Amandla eGolide. Ukwalilungu leqela lesithathu iGolden Boys Entertainment<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2020|title=Oscar Mbo Releases His Second Studio Album Titled 'For The Groovists'|url=https://kayatv.co.za/en/kaya-tv-shows/kaya-tv-shows-gen/all-shows-kaya-tv/63123/platinum-fridays-s2020|url-status=live|accessdate=10 April 2021|website=Sho Magazine}}</ref>. Ukhe waboniswa kwiPlatinum Friday yeKaya FM noT-Bose,<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title="Platinum Fridays (s2020)"|url=https://scrolla.africa/oscar-mbo-defying-a-clubless-world/|url-status=live|website=Kaya TV}}</ref> Metro FM, TransAfrica Radio nakumdlalo kamabonakude iVuzu, Hit Refresh<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo - defying a clubless world|url=https://scrolla.africa/oscar-mbo-defying-a-clubless-world/|url-status=live|website=Iol}}</ref>. Ufumene imvume evela kwiDizili<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Diesel partners with SA Djs to promote emerging talents|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/style-beauty/fashion/diesel-partners-with-sa-djs-to-promote-emerging-talents-f55e4434-63de-4650-8bdf-2f4cfebdbe83|url-status=live|website=Iol}}</ref>. Ngo-2019, wenza ukhenketho lwakhe lokuqala lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiKlabhu ye-DJOON eParis ku-DJ Shimza's One Man Show kunye naseMozambique.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Shimza's One Man Show headed to Mozambique in 2020|url=https://justnje.com/shimzas-one-man-show-headed-to-mozambique-in-2020/|url-status=live|website=Just Nje|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410124439/https://justnje.com/shimzas-one-man-show-headed-to-mozambique-in-2020/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Uye wadlala kwaye waba yintloko kwiminyhadala efana neHouse Musiq Festival eSwaziland<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nokwanda|first=Sibandze|date=9 March 2020|title=Over a thousand at House Musiq Fest|url=http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=11881|url-status=live|website=Eswatini Observer|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410124442/http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=11881|dead-url=yes}}</ref> kunye neWololo Music Festival eWitbank<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=AKA and Casper Nyovest to headline at Wololo Music Festival|url=https://m.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/480/168959.html|url-status=live|website=Bizcommunity}}</ref>. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2020, wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lesibini elinesihloko esithi, For The Groovists, elachongwa kumaBhaso oMculo oMzantsi Afrika angama-27 kwicwecwe lomdaniso<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=SAMAs 2021: All the winners|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/samas-2021-all-winners|url-status=live|website=musicnafrica.net}}</ref> kwaye wabonisa umvelisi we-amapiano uKabza De Small.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=13 South African Artists to Look Out For In 2021|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/south-african-artists-to-watch-2021/?rebelltitem=12|url-status=live|accessdate=Okay Africa}}</ref> NgoFebruwari 2021, wacula eBlizz Lounge ePitoli kunye nemvumi uBrian Temba.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo, Brian Temba to perfom at Blizz Lounge in Pretoria CBD|url=https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/oscar-mbo-brian-temba-to-perform-at-blizz-lounge-in-pretoria-cbd-d566c5fc-7478-490c-b58b-37ff3ae12c69|url-status=live|website=iol}}</ref> NgoJulayi 2021, wakhupha iEP yakhe enesihloko esithi, Defenders of House<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Oscar Mbo releases EP, Defenders of House|url=https://justnje.com/oscar-mbo-releases-ep-defenders-of-house/|url-status=live|website=Just Nje|accessdate=1 August 2022|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731230924/https://justnje.com/oscar-mbo-releases-ep-defenders-of-house/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == I-Discography == * ''Love & Life EP'' (2019) * ''Golden Power'' (2019) * ''For The Groovists'' (2020) * ''Defenders of House'' (2021) == Amabhaso kunye nokutyunjwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Unyaka !Umsitho wokuwonga !Ibhaso !Isiphumo |- |2017 | rowspan="2" |South African Music Awards |Umculi oyindoda woNyaka |Utyunjiwe<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 May 2021|title=Samas 27: Nominations are out and men are leading the nods|url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/2493919/samas-27-nominations-are-out-and-its-male-dominated//|url-status=live|website=The Citizen}}</ref> |- | |Icwecwe lomdaniso eligqwesileyo |Utyunjiwe |} [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] io2umq6qnym93kmwe9e945crsjcj2kv 0 7011 40801 34565 2026-06-12T08:50:36Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40801 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles> I [[File:Stand_Up_To_Racism_(42540231585).jpg|thumb| Yimelani Nobuhlanga]] Ngaphambilini, igama elithi “ubuhlanga” lalidla ngokusetyenziswa ngendlela elungileyo nelithi “umkhethe,” lisenza uluvo lomnye umntu olusekelwe kulwazi olungaphelelanga. Kwikota yokugqibela yeNkulungwane yama-20, ubuhlanga buye banxulunyaniswa neenkqubo endaweni yabantu. Ngowe-1977, uMnumzana David Wellman kwincwadi yakhe ethi ''Portraits of White racism'', wachaza ubuhlanga “njengenkqubo yenzuzo esekelwe kubuhlanga,” ebonisa le ngcaciso ngemizekelo emininzi yabantu abamhlophe abaxhasa amaziko obuhlanga ngoxa bekhanyela ukuba banocalucalulo. Abantu abamhlophe banokuba nobubele kubantu abamnyama lo gama beqhubeka bexhasa ucalucalulo olucwangcisiweyo oluluncedo kubo, njengeendlela zokubolekisa ngemali, izikolo ezixhaswa ngemali entle, kunye namathuba emisebenzi. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Wellman|first=David|title=Portraits of White Racism|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1977|isbn=0521215145|location=Cambridge, England|page=75}}</ref> Ingqikelelo yocalucalulo ngokweziko yaphinda yavela kwiingxoxo zezopolitiko phakathi nasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990, kodwa ihleli ingumbono ekuphikiswana ngawo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Coretta|date=2 July 2010|title=Institutional Racism and Ethnic Inequalities: An Expanded Multilevel Framework|journal=Journal of Social Policy|location=Cambridge, England|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=40|issue=1|pages=173–192|doi=10.1017/s0047279410000565|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ubuhlanga bamaziko kulapho uhlanga lubangela inqanaba engafaniyo lokufikelela kwiimpahla,ndibala ntoni. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2020|title=What Racism Looks Like|url=https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resources/other-resources/What%20Racism%20Looks%20Like.pdf|publisher=Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref>   [[File:Alexis_de_Tocqueville_(Théodore_Chassériau_-_Versailles).jpg|thumb| UAlexis de Tocqueville]] ktbuemes7cu3mp0kidwxgi7xrud8752 0 7188 40680 36537 2026-06-12T07:12:05Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (iqela labakhwetha)]] '''[[Ulwaluko]]''', ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda. <ref>Hunter, M. (1979). Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa (First abridged edition). Cape Town: David Philip.</ref> Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa ''yinkwenkwe'', nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli siko libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya <ref>[https://www.blogger.com/profile/14469929357196320372 Kwekudee] (2013). [http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html Xhosa people: South Africa's ancient people with unique traditional and cultural heritage]. Blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</ref> mckeagozkpgpq0sclc4y4qw27n3fkqm 40725 40680 2026-06-12T07:54:02Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (iqela labakhwetha)]] '''[[Ulwaluko]]''', ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda. <ref>Hunter, M. (1979). Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa (First abridged edition). Cape Town: David Philip.</ref> Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa ''yinkwenkwe'', nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli [https://www.africanbank.co.za/en/home/isiko/ siko] libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya <ref>[https://www.blogger.com/profile/14469929357196320372 Kwekudee] (2013). [http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html Xhosa people: South Africa's ancient people with unique traditional and cultural heritage]. Blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</ref> 9hcxxudr73p1mvqkxo1g4lpipzs9c9q 40726 40725 2026-06-12T07:56:56Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by KreleSword: unnecessary links or spam 40680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (iqela labakhwetha)]] '''[[Ulwaluko]]''', ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda. <ref>Hunter, M. (1979). Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa (First abridged edition). Cape Town: David Philip.</ref> Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa ''yinkwenkwe'', nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli siko libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya <ref>[https://www.blogger.com/profile/14469929357196320372 Kwekudee] (2013). [http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html Xhosa people: South Africa's ancient people with unique traditional and cultural heritage]. Blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</ref> mckeagozkpgpq0sclc4y4qw27n3fkqm 40768 40726 2026-06-12T08:30:58Z BathandeBONKE 16121 IMPROVE CONTENTS 40768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (iqela labakhwetha)]] * ''[[Ulwaluko]]'', ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda. <ref>Hunter, M. (1979). Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa (First abridged edition). Cape Town: David Philip.</ref> Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa ''yinkwenkwe'', nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli siko libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya <ref>[https://www.blogger.com/profile/14469929357196320372 Kwekudee] (2013). [http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html Xhosa people: South Africa's ancient people with unique traditional and cultural heritage]. Blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</ref> trmieltrsdmzzlxfnrlsuit2eyhdtmp 40771 40768 2026-06-12T08:31:36Z NDG 15074 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/40768|40768]] by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]); Please stop such formatting edits 40771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abakwetha_in_the_forest.jpg|thumb|Abakhwetha (iqela labakhwetha)]] '''[[Ulwaluko]]''', ulwaluko okanye ukwaluka kukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni, lisiko lamandulo lokwaluka elalisenziwa nelisenziwa ngamaXhosa nangona yayingengawo odwa , kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika. Eli siko ngokwesithethe lijongwa njengeziko lokufundisa, ukulungiselela ulutsha olungamadoda uxanduva lobudoda. <ref>Hunter, M. (1979). Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa (First abridged edition). Cape Town: David Philip.</ref> Inkwenkwe engekoluki kuthiwa ''yinkwenkwe'', nokuba ingakanani na ubudala, kwaye ayivumelekanga ukuba ithabathe inxaxheba kwizinto zamadoda ezifana, nokuyala,ukuzeka ukukhokela isiko kunye nokubayinxalenye yeentlanganiso zezizwe. eli siko libaluleke kakhulu ekoxhonxeni indodana ukuze ifunde izinto ezininzi ukuqala ekufundeni ukuthatha uxanduva kwizinto ezisisiseko endingabalula ukondla usapho, ukugcina ikhaya, ukwandisa ikhaya <ref>[https://www.blogger.com/profile/14469929357196320372 Kwekudee] (2013). [http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/02/xhosa-peoplesouth-africas-ancient.html Xhosa people: South Africa's ancient people with unique traditional and cultural heritage]. Blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</ref> mckeagozkpgpq0sclc4y4qw27n3fkqm 0 7269 40794 40424 2026-06-12T08:39:37Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40794 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano''', eyaziwa ngcono njenge '''- Internazionale''' okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - '''Inter Milan''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Itali]] esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan. == [[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|thumb]] * Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi '''1908''' liqela lamalungu aphikisayo, iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kwe'''Serie A''', esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo ye'''Nerazzurri''', ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo. # I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-''European Cups'' / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- ''FIFA Club World Cup'', kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ; <ref name="treble2010">{{Cite web|date=22 maggio 2010|title=Inter, un tris per la storia|url=http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1491258.html}}</ref> ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian '''Super Cup''' kunye neFIFA Club World Cup, iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda. <ref name="quintuple2010">{{Cite web|date=27 dicembre 2010|title=What is your favourite football memory of 2010?|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|language=en}}</ref> Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba ''yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka'' yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo, kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010. == iReference == {{reflist}} swwoynf5o2bmjsomtl3izum8wj4f1kk 40795 40794 2026-06-12T08:40:06Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last version by Dumbassman: test edits, please use the sandbox 40424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano''', eyaziwa ngcono njenge '''- Internazionale''' okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - '''Inter Milan''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Itali]] esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan.[[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|thumb]]Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 1908 liqela lamalungu aphikisayo, iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kweSerie A, esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo yeNerazzurri, ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo. I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-European Cups / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- FIFA Club World Cup, kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ; <ref name="treble2010">{{Cite web|date=22 maggio 2010|title=Inter, un tris per la storia|url=http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1491258.html}}</ref> ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian Super Cup kunye neFIFA Club World Cup, iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda. <ref name="quintuple2010">{{Cite web|date=27 dicembre 2010|title=What is your favourite football memory of 2010?|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|language=en}}</ref> Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba ''yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka'' yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo, kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010. == iReference == {{reflist}} rlpzxj27trczjmkhh4m1zfvci8hqxds 40820 40795 2026-06-12T09:28:59Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano''', eyaziwa ngcono njenge '''- Internazionale''' okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - '''Inter Milan''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Itali]] esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan.[[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|thumb]] * Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 1908 liqela lamalungu aphikisayo, iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kweSerie A, esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo yeNerazzurri, ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo. # I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-European Cups / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- FIFA Club World Cup, kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ; <ref name="treble2010">{{Cite web|date=22 maggio 2010|title=Inter, un tris per la storia|url=http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1491258.html}}</ref> ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian Super Cup kunye ne'''FIFA Club World Cup''', iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda. <ref name="quintuple2010">{{Cite web|date=27 dicembre 2010|title=What is your favourite football memory of 2010?|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|language=en}}</ref> ''Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo, kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010.'' == ''iReference'' == {{reflist}} 43wq5n34w7el90ig9nawu1amx2621m0 40821 40820 2026-06-12T09:29:28Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40821 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano''', eyaziwa ngcono njenge '''- Internazionale''' okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - '''Inter Milan''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Itali]] esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan. == [[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|thumb]] * Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 1908 liqela lamalungu aphikisayo, iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kweSerie A, esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo yeNerazzurri, ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo. # I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-European Cups / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- FIFA Club World Cup, kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ; <ref name="treble2010">{{Cite web|date=22 maggio 2010|title=Inter, un tris per la storia|url=http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1491258.html}}</ref> ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian Super Cup kunye ne'''FIFA Club World Cup''', iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda. <ref name="quintuple2010">{{Cite web|date=27 dicembre 2010|title=What is your favourite football memory of 2010?|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|language=en}}</ref> ''Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo, kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010.'' == ''iReference'' == {{reflist}} ok8oxsc3880ovp6m3yx7ymvt3bc4a3h 0 7663 40691 35778 2026-06-12T07:26:35Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked ulwimi lwesiLwatini with Iilwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika 40691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulwimi lwesiLatini''', <ref>Cicero, ''[[De finibus bonorum et malorum]]'' [http://latin.packhum.org/loc/474/48/3/218-223@1#3 1.10].</ref> okanye intetho '''yesiLatini,''' <ref>Cicero, ''[[De oratore]]'' [http://latin.packhum.org/loc/474/37/26/286-301@1#26 2.28].</ref> lulwimi lwase-IndoEuropean olwaqala ukuthethwa ngamaLatins <ref>[[Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus|Plin.]] ''[[Epistulae (Plinius)|Ep.]]'' 2.10.2.</ref> lonke kunye namaRoma amandulo '''kwindawo''' yokuqala <ref>[[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plin.]] ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Nat.]]'' 13.135; et interdum apud poetas.</ref> intetho ehloniphekileyo) ibizwa ngokuba Igama lolwimi lithatyathwe kwilizwe elihlala abantu abathetha isiLatini, maxa wambi ababizwa ngokuba yiLatium yamandulo, emi kusingasiqithi [[IItaly|weItali]] phakathi kweTiber, iVolsci, iApennines, noLwandle oluNgaphantsi. Xa abantu beriphabliki yaseRoma kunye nobukhosi baseRoma basebenzisa ulwimi lwesiLatini kwimicimbi kawonke wonke kunye nemicimbi yangasese, ulwimi lwesiLatini lwaluchaphazela kakhulu ulwimi lwesiGrike, kungekhona ngaphantsi. Njengolwimi lwesiGrike, isiLatini lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, ukuze udibaniso lwamagama lungabonakali ngokulandelelana, njengoko kuqhelekile kw[[Iilwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika|iilwimi]] zesiRomance kunye [[IsiNgesi|nesiNgesi]], kodwa ukusuka kwi-affixes. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiLatini kuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuya kumaxesha anamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane yesi-7 ukuya kweyesi-9 yazala iilwimi ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba ziilwimi zesiRomance, ezinje ngesiCatalan, [[Ulwimi lwesiRomania|isiDaco-Romanic]], [[Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi|isiFrentshi]], isiGallic, [[IsiSpain|iSpanish]], isiTaliyane, [[Ulwimi Portuguese|isiPhuthukezi]]. Ukususela kwixesha leMvukelo yamaFrentshi, nangona iCawa yamaRoma Katolika namaziko emfundo yehlabathi esasebenzisa isiLatini, ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba lulwimi olufileyo, ingakumbi ngenxa yobuhlanga, kuba ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ngokuthe ngcembe yayeka ukuba lulwimi lomthonyama. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi namhlanje bayakwazi ukuthetha isiNgesi. Ngaphezu koko, [[iFinland]] iyaqhubeka nokusasaza iindaba kunomathotholo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zesiLatini kunye neentlanganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, abathathi nxaxheba basebenzisa olu lwimi kuphela. tn7zn9roby6isxlsl9ocyhsybr28hr4 0 8008 40686 39092 2026-06-12T07:21:29Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 I linked uthando with ukuzingca ngokwesini 40686 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Uthando''' yimvakalelo yokutsaleleka ngamandla kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokweemvakalelo emntwini, kwisilwanyana, okanye kwinto. Lubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi, eziquka uluhlu lwemeko eyomeleleyo neyakhayo yeemvakalelo kunye nemeko yengqondo, ukusuka kowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo okanye umkhwa olungileyo, okanye uthando olunzulu phakathi kwabantu, ukuya kolona lonwabo lulula. Umzekelo wolu luhlu lweentsingiselo kukuba uthando lukamama alufani nothando lweqabane lomtshato, kwanalo lube lwahlukile kuthando [[Ukutya|lokutya]]. Uthando lugqalwa njengolwakhayo nolungathandekiyo, yaye isidima salo simela ububele, imfesane nomsa— “inkxalabo yokungazingci, yokunyaniseka neyobubele ngokulunga komnye”—yaye uqheliselo lwalo lumela isiphako esifana [[Amampunge|nesakhe]], [[Ukulingana ngokwesini|ukuzingca,]] ukuzingca nokuzigwagwisa . Isenokuthi ichaze [[Izinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo|izenzo]] zovelwano nezothando kwabanye abantu, isiqu sakho, okanye izilwanyana. <ref name="Fromm">{{Cite book|last=Fromm|first=Erich|title=The Art of Loving|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=1956|isbn=978-0-06-095828-2|edition=Original English}}</ref> Ngeendlela zalo ezahlukeneyo, uthando lusebenza njengomququzeleli ophambili wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kwaye ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo okusembindini ngokwasengqondweni, ngowona mxholo uxhaphakileyo kubugcisa bokuyila . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Abbas|first=Azhar|date=2011-04-11|title=Just Love|url=http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530043739/http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|archive-date=30 May 2012|accessdate=13 September 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Callerame|first=Emmanuelle|date=2022-02-03|title=An Exploration of Love in Art History|url=https://blog.artsper.com/en/a-closer-look/an-exploration-of-love-in-art-history/|accessdate=2023-08-24|website=Artsper Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> Uthando luye lwamiselwa ukuba lube ngumsebenzi ogcina abantu bemanyene ngokuchasene neengozi kunye nokuququzelela ukuqhubeka kohlobo . <ref name="Fisher">{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Helen|title=Why We Love: the nature and chemistry of romantic love|publisher=Henry Holt & Co.|year=2004|isbn=978-0805069136}}</ref> 5s8s1pq7n2qclzhaskby1ngv48l7efg 40705 40686 2026-06-12T07:39:03Z Cokotho 16123 Linked to a page 40705 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''[https://www.uthandosa.org/ Uthando]''' yimvakalelo yokutsaleleka ngamandla kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokweemvakalelo emntwini, kwisilwanyana, okanye kwinto. Lubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi, eziquka uluhlu lwemeko eyomeleleyo neyakhayo yeemvakalelo kunye nemeko yengqondo, ukusuka kowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo okanye umkhwa olungileyo, okanye uthando olunzulu phakathi kwabantu, ukuya kolona lonwabo lulula. Umzekelo wolu luhlu lweentsingiselo kukuba uthando lukamama alufani nothando lweqabane lomtshato, kwanalo lube lwahlukile kuthando [[Ukutya|lokutya]]. Uthando lugqalwa njengolwakhayo nolungathandekiyo, yaye isidima salo simela ububele, imfesane nomsa— “inkxalabo yokungazingci, yokunyaniseka neyobubele ngokulunga komnye”—yaye uqheliselo lwalo lumela isiphako esifana [[Amampunge|nesakhe]], [[Ukulingana ngokwesini|ukuzingca,]] ukuzingca nokuzigwagwisa . Isenokuthi ichaze [[Izinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo|izenzo]] zovelwano nezothando kwabanye abantu, isiqu sakho, okanye izilwanyana. <ref name="Fromm">{{Cite book|last=Fromm|first=Erich|title=The Art of Loving|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=1956|isbn=978-0-06-095828-2|edition=Original English}}</ref> Ngeendlela zalo ezahlukeneyo, uthando lusebenza njengomququzeleli ophambili wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kwaye ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo okusembindini ngokwasengqondweni, ngowona mxholo uxhaphakileyo kubugcisa bokuyila . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Abbas|first=Azhar|date=2011-04-11|title=Just Love|url=http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530043739/http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|archive-date=30 May 2012|accessdate=13 September 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Callerame|first=Emmanuelle|date=2022-02-03|title=An Exploration of Love in Art History|url=https://blog.artsper.com/en/a-closer-look/an-exploration-of-love-in-art-history/|accessdate=2023-08-24|website=Artsper Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> Uthando luye lwamiselwa ukuba lube ngumsebenzi ogcina abantu bemanyene ngokuchasene neengozi kunye nokuququzelela ukuqhubeka kohlobo . <ref name="Fisher">{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Helen|title=Why We Love: the nature and chemistry of romantic love|publisher=Henry Holt & Co.|year=2004|isbn=978-0805069136}}</ref> dq1ts0gn7ufnt8n1xhexn66aqgofyv7 40757 40705 2026-06-12T08:26:25Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 edited the content 40757 wikitext text/x-wiki    # '''[https://www.uthandosa.org/ Uthando]''' yimvakalelo yokutsaleleka ngamandla kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokweemvakalelo emntwini, kwisilwanyana, okanye kwinto. Lubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi, eziquka uluhlu lwe'''meko''' eyomeleleyo neyakhayo yeemvakalelo kunye nemeko ye''ngqondo'', ukusuka kowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo okanye umkhwa olungileyo, okanye uthando olunzulu phakathi kwabantu, ukuya kolona lonwabo lulula. Umzekelo wolu luhlu lweentsingiselo kukuba uthando lukamama alufani nothando lweqabane lomtshato, kwanalo lube lwahlukile kuthando [[Ukutya|lokutya]]. Uthando lugqalwa njengolwakhayo nolungathandekiyo, yaye isidima salo simela ububele, imfesane nomsa— “inkxalabo yokungazingci, yokunyaniseka neyobubele ngokulunga komnye”—yaye uqheliselo lwalo lumela isiphako esifana [[Amampunge|nesakhe]], [[Ukulingana ngokwesini|ukuzingca,]] ukuzingca nokuzigwagwisa . Isenokuthi ichaze [[Izinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo|izenzo]] zovelwano nezothando kwabanye abantu, isiqu sakho, okanye izilwanyana. <ref name="Fromm">{{Cite book|last=Fromm|first=Erich|title=The Art of Loving|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=1956|isbn=978-0-06-095828-2|edition=Original English}}</ref> Ngeendlela zalo ezahlukeneyo, uthando lusebenza njengomququzeleli ophambili wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kwaye ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo okusembindini ngokwasengqondweni, ngowona mxholo uxhaphakileyo kubugcisa bokuyila . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Abbas|first=Azhar|date=2011-04-11|title=Just Love|url=http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530043739/http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|archive-date=30 May 2012|accessdate=13 September 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Callerame|first=Emmanuelle|date=2022-02-03|title=An Exploration of Love in Art History|url=https://blog.artsper.com/en/a-closer-look/an-exploration-of-love-in-art-history/|accessdate=2023-08-24|website=Artsper Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> Uthando luye lwamiselwa ukuba lube ngumsebenzi ogcina abantu bemanyene ngokuchasene neengozi kunye nokuququzelela ukuqhubeka kohlobo . <ref name="Fisher">{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Helen|title=Why We Love: the nature and chemistry of romantic love|publisher=Henry Holt & Co.|year=2004|isbn=978-0805069136}}</ref> okgwv77txewqaoxe0kiryxbu58b497z 0 8298 40748 40606 2026-06-12T08:15:51Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 ADDED A REFERENCE 40748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UHintsa kaKhawuta''' (c. 1780 – 12 May 1835), nowaziwa njengo ''Kumkani uHintsa'', wayeyikumkani yobukumkani bakwaXhosa, obasekwa ngukhokho wakhe uKumkani uTshawe. Walawula ukususela ngowe-1820 de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1835. Ubukhosi bamaXhosa, bukwincopho yabo, ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe busuka kumlambo uMbhashe, kumazantsi [[Mthatha|oMthatha]] ukuya kutsho kumlambo iGamtoos, (Xelexwa ngesiXhosa) kuMzantsi Koloni.<ref></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=King Hintsa's Grave details|url=https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=12672#:~:text=King%20Hintsa%20was%20born%20in,until%20his%20death%20in%201835.|accessdate=2024-06-19|website=artefacts.co.za|archive-date=2024-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619130019/https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=12672#:~:text=King%20Hintsa%20was%20born%20in,until%20his%20death%20in%201835.|dead-url=yes}}</ref> U-Hintsa<ref>{{Cite web|title=EMANDULO|url=https://emandulo.apc.uct.ac.za/metadata/Mqhayi/10130/10312/index.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=emandulo.apc.uct.ac.za}}</ref> wayekhokele obona bukumkani bunamandla ( [[AmaXhosa]] ) kuMazantsi e-Afrika ngelo xesha, kwaye ubu Kumnkani bakwa Xhosa bazenzela igama ngokuthi balwe iimfazwe nabaseBritane isithuba esingangeminyaka elikhulu(100) kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=King Hintsa's Grave details|url=https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=12672#:~:text=King%20Hintsa%20was%20born%20in,until%20his%20death%20in%201835.|accessdate=2024-06-19|website=artefacts.co.za|archive-date=2024-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619130019/https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=12672#:~:text=King%20Hintsa%20was%20born%20in,until%20his%20death%20in%201835.|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-12|title=amaXhosa Royal Family, Xhosa Kingdom, South Africa - THE AFRICAN ROYAL FAMILIES|url=https://theafricanroyalfamilies.com/2023/09/12/xhosa-kingdom-amaxhosa-people-of-south-africa/|accessdate=2024-06-19|website=theafricanroyalfamilies.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619130019/https://theafricanroyalfamilies.com/2023/09/12/xhosa-kingdom-amaxhosa-people-of-south-africa/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>UbuKumkani bamaXhosa bukhokelwa zizindlu ezimbini, indlu yamaGcaleka (iNdlu enkulu) eyindlu elawulayo, kunye nendlu kaRharhabe (indlu yasekunene) eyindlu yesibini ephezulu. == UHintsa waba nguKumkani ngo-1804, waza wathweswa isithsaba ngo-1820 emva kokuthatha intambo kuyisekazi uNqoko kaGcaleka owayeyinkosi. == == UHintsa udla ngokufaniswa nokhokho wakhe uTshawe kaNkosiyamntu. == == Umkhosi kunye nomkhosi == == UbuKumkani bamaXhosa yayisesinye sezikumkani ezomeleleyo e-Afrika, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayinomkhosi omkhulu kuMzantsi Afrika. U-Hintsa wayeneqela elibizwa ngokuba 'yi-Inkonyane' elathi lafudusa inkampani ngenkampani, ekuqaliseni kwayo, yayiza kuba linyathelo lokuhamba imini yonke. == == Abanye ababhali bembali baye bathi nangona amaHintsa ayenomkhosi omkhulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akayiyo eyona kumkani inkulu yamaXhosa. Nangona kunjalo, iinkosi zikaHintsa ezazidla ngokugqogqa izikumkani zasebumelwaneni zihlasele abalawuli bamaXhosa bamazwe aphantsi korhulumente wesizwe, zazinemikhosi enamandla kodwa zazingenakumelana neNqununu kaHintsa. == == Uhlaselo kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya == == Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe, ubuKumkani bamaXhosa babungquzulana neKoloni yaseKapa. Isizwe sakwaXhosa sasikwaphantsi koxinizelelo lweemfazwe zobukhaya phakathi kweenkosi nohlaselo lwezizwe eziziimbacu ezisuka kumaMfecane. == == Iqela lokuqala elihlaselayo ekwanyanzeleke ukuba aqubisane nalo amaXhosa lelo elaliza kuba ‘ngamaBhaca’ akhokelwa nguMadzikane. Emva kweentshukumo ezininzi, amaBhaca afuduka ehlela eThembuland apho ahlasela indlu yaseKunene amaTshatshu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abalekele kuMaqoma ukuze akhuseleke. Izikumkani zamaXhosa, abaThembu namaMpondomise zadibanisa amandla zawatyumza amaBhaca, abulala uMadzikane (1823–25). AmaBhaca angena kumanyano olungakhululekanga namaMpondo aza ahlasela amaBomvana ngokuhlangeneyo kodwa lo nto yagxothwa nguPhakamileyo, uHintsa. == 1p0b0o4qtgtwlkt067v2mf6xssyx7f2 0 8311 40702 37200 2026-06-12T07:35:13Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40702 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ilobolo''' okanye '''ilobola''' [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], [[isiXhosa]], [[IsiSwazi|Swazi]], Silozi, Shona kunye [[Ulwimi lwesiNdebele saseMzantsi|nesiNdebele]] sangasentla nasezantsi ( '''''mahadi''''' [[IsiSotho|ngesiSuthu]], '''''mahari''''' ngesiSwahili, '''''magadi''''' [[IsiPedi|ngeSepedi]] [[IsiTswana|neSetswana]], '''''lovola''''' [[IsiTsonga|ngesiTsonga]], kunye '''''nomamalo''''' nge [[IsiVenda|Tshivenda]] ), ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa " ubutyebi bomtshakazi " <ref name="Herbst and Du Plessis">{{Cite journal|last=Herbst|first=Marissa|last2=Du Plessis|first2=Willemien|date=2008|title=Customary Law v Common Law Marriages: A Hybrid Approach in South Africa|journal=Electronic Journal of Comparative Law|volume=410|issue=1989|pages=1–15}}</ref> <ref name="Matthews">{{Cite journal|last=Matthews|first=Z. K.|date=1940|title=Marriage Customs among the Barolong|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1017/S000197200001500X}}</ref> <ref>[[Signe Arnfred]], ''Sexuality & Gender Politics in Mozambique: Rethinking Gender in Africa''</ref> okanye "ixabiso lomtshakazi" yimpahla yemfuyo okanye nokuba yeyoluphi uhlobo, athe lowo uza kuba ngumyeni, okanye intloko yentsapho yakhe, ithembisa ukuyinika intloko yentsapho yalowo uza kuba ngumfazi ebulela usapho lomtshakazi ngokukhulisa [[Intombi - Umbongo kaYako|intombi]] yabo, nokuba bakhulule intombi yabo iyokwenda. * luexn7r2rb7jzc0n6m00jsryle72cab 40712 40702 2026-06-12T07:43:56Z BathandeBONKE 16121 ndenze utshintsho 40712 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ilobolo''' okanye '''ilobola''' [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], [[isiXhosa]], [[IsiSwazi|Swazi]], Silozi, Shona kunye [[Ulwimi lwesiNdebele saseMzantsi|nesiNdebele]] sangasentla nasezantsi ( '''''mahadi''''' [[IsiSotho|ngesiSuthu]], '''''mahari''''' ngesiSwahili, '''''magadi''''' [[IsiPedi|ngeSepedi]] [[IsiTswana|neSetswana]], '''''lovola''''' [[IsiTsonga|ngesiTsonga]], kunye '''''nomamalo''''' nge [[IsiVenda|Tshivenda]] ), ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa " ubutyebi bomtshakazi " <ref name="Herbst and Du Plessis">{{Cite journal|last=Herbst|first=Marissa|last2=Du Plessis|first2=Willemien|date=2008|title=Customary Law v Common Law Marriages: A Hybrid Approach in South Africa|journal=Electronic Journal of Comparative Law|volume=410|issue=1989|pages=1–15}}</ref> <ref name="Matthews">{{Cite journal|last=Matthews|first=Z. K.|date=1940|title=Marriage Customs among the Barolong|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1017/S000197200001500X}}</ref> <ref>[[Signe Arnfred]], ''Sexuality & Gender Politics in Mozambique: Rethinking Gender in Africa''</ref> okanye "ixabiso lomtshakazi" [https://impahlaplug.com/?srsltid=AfmBOoq3WZ7V_bUQxYclF1G5l0_xQhecR8dT_0SEVPPGLSGRjIdDHRNa yimpahla] yemfuyo okanye nokuba yeyoluphi uhlobo, athe lowo uza kuba ngumyeni, okanye intloko yentsapho yakhe, ithembisa ukuyinika intloko yentsapho yalowo uza kuba ngumfazi ebulela usapho lomtshakazi ngokukhulisa [[Intombi - Umbongo kaYako|intombi]] yabo, nokuba bakhulule intombi yabo iyokwenda. * 1o8e0gsnc7uzq4tmymwm2nvnqp2w4j5 40713 40712 2026-06-12T07:44:12Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]) to last version by Sanda Nozizwe Madikane: unnecessary links or spam 37200 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ilobolo''' okanye '''ilobola''' [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], [[isiXhosa]], [[IsiSwazi|Swazi]], Silozi, Shona kunye [[Ulwimi lwesiNdebele saseMzantsi|nesiNdebele]] sangasentla nasezantsi ( '''''mahadi''''' [[IsiSotho|ngesiSuthu]], '''''mahari''''' ngesiSwahili, '''''magadi''''' [[IsiPedi|ngeSepedi]] [[IsiTswana|neSetswana]], '''''lovola''''' [[IsiTsonga|ngesiTsonga]], kunye '''''nomamalo''''' nge [[IsiVenda|Tshivenda]] ), ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa " ubutyebi bomtshakazi " <ref name="Herbst and Du Plessis">{{Cite journal|last=Herbst|first=Marissa|last2=Du Plessis|first2=Willemien|date=2008|title=Customary Law v Common Law Marriages: A Hybrid Approach in South Africa|journal=Electronic Journal of Comparative Law|volume=410|issue=1989|pages=1–15}}</ref> <ref name="Matthews">{{Cite journal|last=Matthews|first=Z. K.|date=1940|title=Marriage Customs among the Barolong|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1017/S000197200001500X}}</ref> <ref>[[Signe Arnfred]], ''Sexuality & Gender Politics in Mozambique: Rethinking Gender in Africa''</ref> okanye "ixabiso lomtshakazi" yimpahla yemfuyo okanye nokuba yeyoluphi uhlobo, athe lowo uza kuba ngumyeni, okanye intloko yentsapho yakhe, ithembisa ukuyinika intloko yentsapho yalowo uza kuba ngumfazi ebulela usapho lomtshakazi ngokukhulisa intombi yabo, nokuba bakhulule intombi yabo iyokwenda. * b354zxpmk3yibos94ripcaz64f56dn1 0 8524 40785 39243 2026-06-12T08:35:08Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Cristiano Ronaldo 2018.jpg|thumb|UCristiano Ronaldo]] == '''UCristiano Ronaldo''', ozalwa ngo'''Februwari 5, 1985,''' ngumphambili webhola ekhatywayo wase'''Portugal.''' Udlalela iqela lesizwe lasePortugal kunye namaqela ehlabathi afana neReal Madrid, Juventus, kunye ne'''Manchester United'''. Uyaziwa ngobuchule bakhe, isantya, kunye namagowuli amaninzi awabethayo, waba ngomnye wabadlali abaphumelele imbasa ye''Ballon d'Or'' kaninzi. Ronaldo uthathwa njengenye yezona zintshatsheli zibalaseleyo kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-11|title=Cristiano Ronaldo {{!}} Biography, Football, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo|accessdate=2024-12-13|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == == iReference == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ronaldo, Cristiano}} [[Category:Ibhola ekhatywayo| ]] ok2i84uslv5h0nkp34297dvmosau92k 0 8525 40790 39244 2026-06-12T08:36:46Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 improve content 40790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup (cropped).jpg|thumb|ULionel Messi]] * '''ULionel Messi''' ngumdlali webhola ekhatywayo owazalelwa e'''Rosario, eArgentina''', nge-24 Agasti '''1987'''. Uthathwa njengenye yezona nkokheli zibalaseleyo kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo. Waziwa ngobuchule bakhe, izakhono zokufaka amagowuli, kunye nobunkokheli. Udlalele iqela le'''Barcelon'''a ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuzimanya neParis Saint-Germain ngo-2021. Ukususela ngo-2023 udlalela i-Inter Miami eMelika. Ubuye wakhokela i-Argentina ukuba iphumelele iNdebe ye''Hlabath''i yeFIFA ngo-2022. UMessi uphumelele imbasa ezininzi, kuquka neBallon d'Or, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye indlalifa kwimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-11|title=Lionel Messi {{!}} Records, Height, Ballon d’Or, Inter Miami, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lionel-Messi|accessdate=2024-12-13|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == iReference == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:Ibhola ekhatywayo| ]] 250153f2pg0h1t6towlmmqwwk5vgrd8 40791 40790 2026-06-12T08:37:06Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last version by Ziyaphenduka: reverting vandalism 39244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup (cropped).jpg|thumb|ULionel Messi]] '''ULionel Messi''' ngumdlali webhola ekhatywayo owazalelwa eRosario, eArgentina, nge-24 Agasti 1987. Uthathwa njengenye yezona nkokheli zibalaseleyo kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo. Waziwa ngobuchule bakhe, izakhono zokufaka amagowuli, kunye nobunkokheli. Udlalele iqela leBarcelona ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuzimanya neParis Saint-Germain ngo-2021. Ukususela ngo-2023 udlalela i-Inter Miami eMelika. Ubuye wakhokela i-Argentina ukuba iphumelele iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA ngo-2022. UMessi uphumelele imbasa ezininzi, kuquka neBallon d'Or, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye indlalifa kwimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-11|title=Lionel Messi {{!}} Records, Height, Ballon d’Or, Inter Miami, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lionel-Messi|accessdate=2024-12-13|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == iReference == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:Ibhola ekhatywayo| ]] 9xg19hmlq7euxtvam1rdslc2fva3o3y 0 8587 40715 40083 2026-06-12T07:45:50Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Ariana Grande promoting Wicked (2024).jpg|thumb|uAriana 2024]] '''UAriana Grande-Butera''' owazalwa ngoJuni 26, 1993 [https://yimvumi.org yimvumi] yaseMelika, umbhali weengoma, kunye nomlingisi. {{stub}} 0w8wmu8yifx6gkvzinnfvvazh6hgyhb 0 8637 40787 39311 2026-06-12T08:35:26Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Improving contents 40787 wikitext text/x-wiki === '''Amabhokobhoko''' ziintshatsheli zehlabathi, belime ngxi ilizwe lo[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] kwinyanga yonke yoMsintsi neyeDwarha sukela amakhwenkwe kaNeinaber antingela France kiwindebe yehlabathi yombhoxo. La makhwenkwe enze imbali engenakulityalwa phantsi kwelanga phezolo ngokucambalalisa iNewzealand kuntsintsintsi womdlalo kamagqibela kankqoyi kwibala iStade de France ngamanqaku ali12 kwali11<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/08/sports/rugby/world-cup-south-africa.html</ref>. Ithenjwa lesizwe uPollard uphinde walityatha emagxeni eli loMzantsi Afrika njengesiqhelo ekhokelela la madodana kwiphumelelo yawo yesine yale tumente. Ephakathi kwenginginya yezitatanyiswa ebezilapho uMongameli Ramaphosa uzibonele ngawenyama zingqubana ngeentloko ekudala zizondaba. === [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Siya Kolisi 2022.jpg|thumb|225x225px|<big>'''Siya Kolisi'''</big>]] Uthe usompempe akumkhomba ngaphandle uKolbe<ref>https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/worldcup/boks-owed-it-to-inconsolable-kolbe-after-late-sin-bin-in-rwc-final-we-made-a-plan-20231030</ref> wayibon'uMzantsi Afrika intlaka iphuncuka sele isemlonyeni kodwa azibamba zaqin'iintonga amakhwenk'amkhulu suka yahlahlamba impempe ngomzuzu wama80 inqand'amanzi angangen'endlwini. Wankxakam'uMzantsi Afrika uteya usithi camagu<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-10-29-we-won-springboks-joy-as-they-beat-all-blacks-in-rugby-world-cup-final/</ref>, ukanti ibizizililo eNewzeland<ref>https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888879/new-zealand-rugby-world-cup-2023-review</ref>. Yabe iya eAfrika iWebb Ellis Cup okwesine nto leyo ibiqala ngqa ukwenzeka ezimbalini ukuba le ndebe iphunyelelwe liqela izihlandlo ezine. == '''''Iinzingo nempumelelo zeqela eFrance''''' == Ngaphambi kontingela eFrance, amakhwenkwe kaNeibaber ayengenathemba ncam emveni kokuba umkhokeli uSiya Kolisi<ref>https://www.springboks.rugby/news-features/articles/2023/08/11/scared-kolisi-reveals-rwc-fears/</ref> noHandre Pollard<ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/66839040</ref> babonakele kodwa yaba luvuya xa umkhokeli elulama kwimizuzwana phambi kobizwa kwamagama amatyendyana aya kwindebe. Yena uPollard wabizwa esekhaya ukuba ayolamla emveni kokonzala kukaMalcom Marx nokubonakala ukuba izinga letumente alimlingenanga uLibbok emveni kokudlala kuhle kakhulu neSikotilani. I-Ireland yabetha eli loMzantsi Afrika ngamanqaku asibhozo kwali13 kumdlalo owawutaka iintlantsi wokulwela isicoco (group stages)<ref>https://www.tntsports.co.uk/rugby/world-cup/2023/south-africa-v-ireland-rugby-world-cup-live_sto9806717/story.shtml?welcome=eurosport</ref>. Ngelixa agqitha nzinginzingi amadodana kwiFrance kodwa ekunyamezeleni ayihlaba ngentshuntshe evalweni yalala ngophotha zagqithela kwiNgilane ezikaKolisi zenza esezolo, angena kumagqibela kankoqoyi ayinabisa iNewzealand. == '''''Iingxoxo ekhaya''''' == Emveni kwempumelelo yamadodana ombhoxo oosopolitiki namanye amaqela aphikisayo afana le-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) elikhokelwe nguJulius Malema lenza isankxwe ngale mpumelelo bambi besithi abantu abantsundu boMzantsi Afrika bekungafanelekanga ukuba babhiyozela eli qela kuba lisaqhubekeka lisebenzisa umfanekiso webhada nemibala eluhlaza eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha lengcinezelo kwaye eli qela alifani neNewzealand ephakamisela phezulu inkolo nenkcubeko yabantu beli lizwe.<ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/malema-u-turns-on-his-springboks-praise-blames-it-on-slip-in-political-consciousness-20231106</ref> == '''''Imithombo yolwazi''''' == [[Category:South African Rugby]] [[Category:Rugby World Cup 2023]] [[Category: France]] [[Category: Siya Kolisi]] [[Category:Julius Malema]] [[Category: Jacques Neinaber]] [[Category: Webb Ellis Cup]] cd3j6nx2lw3sdcjomx4h7no64rrwq8q 40789 40787 2026-06-12T08:36:40Z NDG 15074 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/KhanyaMaseti|KhanyaMaseti]] ([[User talk:KhanyaMaseti|talk]]) to last version by CommonsDelinker: reverting vandalism 39311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabhokobhoko''' ziintshatsheli zehlabathi, belime ngxi ilizwe lo[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] kwinyanga yonke yoMsintsi neyeDwarha sukela amakhwenkwe kaNeinaber antingela France kiwindebe yehlabathi yombhoxo. La makhwenkwe enze imbali engenakulityalwa phantsi kwelanga phezolo ngokucambalalisa iNewzealand kuntsintsintsi womdlalo kamagqibela kankqoyi kwibala iStade de France ngamanqaku ali12 kwali11<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/08/sports/rugby/world-cup-south-africa.html</ref>. Ithenjwa lesizwe uPollard uphinde walityatha emagxeni eli loMzantsi Afrika njengesiqhelo ekhokelela la madodana kwiphumelelo yawo yesine yale tumente. Ephakathi kwenginginya yezitatanyiswa ebezilapho uMongameli Ramaphosa uzibonele ngawenyama zingqubana ngeentloko ekudala zizondaba. [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Siya Kolisi 2022.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Siya Kolisi]] Uthe usompempe akumkhomba ngaphandle uKolbe<ref>https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/worldcup/boks-owed-it-to-inconsolable-kolbe-after-late-sin-bin-in-rwc-final-we-made-a-plan-20231030</ref> wayibon'uMzantsi Afrika intlaka iphuncuka sele isemlonyeni kodwa azibamba zaqin'iintonga amakhwenk'amkhulu suka yahlahlamba impempe ngomzuzu wama80 inqand'amanzi angangen'endlwini. Wankxakam'uMzantsi Afrika uteya usithi camagu<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-10-29-we-won-springboks-joy-as-they-beat-all-blacks-in-rugby-world-cup-final/</ref>, ukanti ibizizililo eNewzeland<ref>https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888879/new-zealand-rugby-world-cup-2023-review</ref>. Yabe iya eAfrika iWebb Ellis Cup okwesine nto leyo ibiqala ngqa ukwenzeka ezimbalini ukuba le ndebe iphunyelelwe liqela izihlandlo ezine. == Iinzingo nempumelelo zeqela eFrance == Ngaphambi kontingela eFrance, amakhwenkwe kaNeibaber ayengenathemba ncam emveni kokuba umkhokeli uSiya Kolisi<ref>https://www.springboks.rugby/news-features/articles/2023/08/11/scared-kolisi-reveals-rwc-fears/</ref> noHandre Pollard<ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/66839040</ref> babonakele kodwa yaba luvuya xa umkhokeli elulama kwimizuzwana phambi kobizwa kwamagama amatyendyana aya kwindebe. Yena uPollard wabizwa esekhaya ukuba ayolamla emveni kokonzala kukaMalcom Marx nokubonakala ukuba izinga letumente alimlingenanga uLibbok emveni kokudlala kuhle kakhulu neSikotilani. I-Ireland yabetha eli loMzantsi Afrika ngamanqaku asibhozo kwali13 kumdlalo owawutaka iintlantsi wokulwela isicoco (group stages)<ref>https://www.tntsports.co.uk/rugby/world-cup/2023/south-africa-v-ireland-rugby-world-cup-live_sto9806717/story.shtml?welcome=eurosport</ref>. Ngelixa agqitha nzinginzingi amadodana kwiFrance kodwa ekunyamezeleni ayihlaba ngentshuntshe evalweni yalala ngophotha zagqithela kwiNgilane ezikaKolisi zenza esezolo, angena kumagqibela kankoqoyi ayinabisa iNewzealand. == Iingxoxo ekhaya == Emveni kwempumelelo yamadodana ombhoxo oosopolitiki namanye amaqela aphikisayo afana le-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) elikhokelwe nguJulius Malema lenza isankxwe ngale mpumelelo bambi besithi abantu abantsundu boMzantsi Afrika bekungafanelekanga ukuba babhiyozela eli qela kuba lisaqhubekeka lisebenzisa umfanekiso webhada nemibala eluhlaza eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha lengcinezelo kwaye eli qela alifani neNewzealand ephakamisela phezulu inkolo nenkcubeko yabantu beli lizwe.<ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/malema-u-turns-on-his-springboks-praise-blames-it-on-slip-in-political-consciousness-20231106</ref> == Imithombo yolwazi == [[Category:South African Rugby]] [[Category:Rugby World Cup 2023]] [[Category: France]] [[Category: Siya Kolisi]] [[Category:Julius Malema]] [[Category: Jacques Neinaber]] [[Category: Webb Ellis Cup]] q655h9ik83bpr79hmjn6yfw7tp7ddse 40808 40789 2026-06-12T09:13:47Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Improving contents 40808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabhokobhoko''' ziintshatsheli zehlabathi, belime ngxi ilizwe lo[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] kwinyanga yonke yoMsintsi neyeDwarha sukela amakhwenkwe kaNeinaber antingela France kiwindebe yehlabathi yombhoxo. La makhwenkwe enze imbali engenakulityalwa phantsi kwelanga phezolo ngokucambalalisa iNewzealand kuntsintsintsi womdlalo kamagqibela kankqoyi kwibala iStade de France ngamanqaku ali12 kwali11<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/08/sports/rugby/world-cup-south-africa.html</ref>. Ithenjwa lesizwe uPollard uphinde walityatha emagxeni eli loMzantsi Afrika njengesiqhelo ekhokelela la madodana kwiphumelelo yawo yesine yale tumente. Ephakathi kwenginginya yezitatanyiswa ebezilapho uMongameli Ramaphosa uzibonele ngawenyama zingqubana ngeentloko ekudala zizondaba. [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Siya Kolisi 2022.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Siya Kolisi]] Uthe usompempe akumkhomba ngaphandle uKolbe<ref>https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/worldcup/boks-owed-it-to-inconsolable-kolbe-after-late-sin-bin-in-rwc-final-we-made-a-plan-20231030</ref> wayibon'uMzantsi Afrika<ref>{{Cite web|title=Izityalo Ezingamayeza Zase Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/izityalo-ezingamayeza-zase-mzantsi-afrika.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> intlaka iphuncuka sele isemlonyeni kodwa azibamba zaqin'iintonga amakhwenk'amkhulu suka yahlahlamba impempe ngomzuzu wama80 inqand'amanzi angangen'endlwini. Wankxakam'uMzantsi Afrika uteya usithi camagu<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-10-29-we-won-springboks-joy-as-they-beat-all-blacks-in-rugby-world-cup-final/</ref>, ukanti ibizizililo e'''New Zealand'''<ref>https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888879/new-zealand-rugby-world-cup-2023-review</ref>. Yabe iya eAfrika i'''Webb Ellis Cup'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Webb Ellis Cup {{!}} Sports and Leisure {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=EBSCO|language=en}}</ref> okwesine nto leyo ibiqala ngqa ukwenzeka ezimbalini ukuba le ndebe iphunyelelwe liqela izihlandlo ezine. == Iinzingo nempumelelo zeqela eFrance == Ngaphambi kontingela eFrance<ref>{{Cite news|title=France {{!}} History, Maps, Flag, Population, Cities, Capital, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/France|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref>, amakhwenkwe kaNeibaber<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-05|title=Wilco NIENABER - Players - European Tour|url=https://www.europeantour.com/players/wilco-nienaber-43143/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.europeantour.com|language=en-us}}</ref> ayengenathemba ncam emveni kokuba umkhokeli uSiya Kolisi<ref>https://www.springboks.rugby/news-features/articles/2023/08/11/scared-kolisi-reveals-rwc-fears/</ref> noHandre Pollard<ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/66839040</ref> babonakele kodwa yaba luvuya xa umkhokeli elulama kwimizuzwana phambi kobizwa kwamagama amatyendyana aya kwindebe. Yena uPollard wabizwa esekhaya ukuba ayolamla emveni kokonzala kukaMalcom Marx nokubonakala ukuba izinga letumente alimlingenanga uLibbok emveni kokudlala kuhle kakhulu neSikotilani. I-Ireland<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ireland.com|url=https://www.ireland.com/en-us/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Ireland.com|language=en-us}}</ref> yabetha eli loMzantsi Afrika ngamanqaku asibhozo kwali13 kumdlalo owawutaka iintlantsi wokulwela isicoco (group stages)<ref>https://www.tntsports.co.uk/rugby/world-cup/2023/south-africa-v-ireland-rugby-world-cup-live_sto9806717/story.shtml?welcome=eurosport</ref>. Ngelixa agqitha nzinginzingi amadodana kwiFrance kodwa ekunyamezeleni ayihlaba ngentshuntshe evalweni yalala ngophotha zagqithela kwiNgilane ezikaKolisi zenza esezolo, angena kumagqibela kankoqoyi ayinabisa iNewzealand. == Iingxoxo ekhaya == Emveni kwempumelelo yamadodana ombhoxo oosopolitiki namanye amaqela aphikisayo afana le-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Economic Freedom Fighters – Economic Freedom In our lifetime|url=https://effonline.org/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>elikhokelwe nguJulius Malema<ref>{{Cite web|last=Africa|first=Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South|title=Julius Sello Malema|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/julius-sello-malema/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=People's Assembly|language=en}}</ref> lenza isankxwe ngale mpumelelo bambi besithi abantu abantsundu boMzantsi Afrika bekungafanelekanga ukuba babhiyozela eli qela kuba lisaqhubekeka lisebenzisa umfanekiso webhada nemibala eluhlaza eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha lengcinezelo kwaye eli qela alifani neNewzealand ephakamisela phezulu inkolo nenkcubeko yabantu beli lizwe.<ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/malema-u-turns-on-his-springboks-praise-blames-it-on-slip-in-political-consciousness-20231106</ref> == Imithombo yolwazi == [[Category:South African Rugby]] [[Category:Rugby World Cup 2023]] [[Category: France]] [[Category: Siya Kolisi]] [[Category:Julius Malema]] [[Category: Jacques Neinaber]] [[Category: Webb Ellis Cup]] p9g764rkykaswa4f5a5ojwtbs69qok6 0 8687 40805 39148 2026-06-12T09:10:29Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 improved an article 40805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umfama no Khozi:''' Kwasuka-sukela # Kwisithile esithile, kwakukho mfama othile, lo mfama wayene ntsimi, ngaminazana ithile, wavuka ngentlazana xa lithi ndithenge wangena kwitele-tele yakhe umfo omkhulu ''waqhuqha'' umbethe wayinyathela kanokutsho itele-tele yakhe wasingisela endimeni. Uthe xa eqala ukwehlisa ikhuba lizakungena emkhubelweni, xa ephosa '''ilihlo''' kwelicala lasekhohlo,akuntaka na gxebe, aku nkukhu nale. Uthe xa esehla eyojonga, tyini! Lintshontsho lokhozi, walithatha intsontsho lokhozi waludibanisa kunye nezinye iinkukhu, lakhula ukhozi, likhula njengezinye iinkukhu. Imikhuba nezimbo zokhozi zafana nqwa nomcephe ucandiwe, hayi! Yayintlaka noXolo, mm-uu yalu khwekhwe nexhwili kunye nezi nkukhu. Yazibona yona ukuba ayifani nezinye iinkukhu kodwa yayizofane ithini na? Lakhula ukhozi, lixhola umbona phantsi njenge zinye iinkukhu. Ngaminazana ithile, umfama walujonga ukhozi wadandatheka emoyeni xa ecinga ukuba intaka enomahluko nekrelekrele njengale, kuba ihlale neenkukhu ibe nezimbo zeenkukhu ayifanelanga. Suka ngenye imini wathi xa eyokupha iinkukhu umbona, walujonga ukhozi walubiza, wavula umlomo wakhe waqala wacengeleza, walixelela ukhozi ukuba lingubani na. Walithatha ukhozi wangena nalo entsimini, wavula umlomo wathi, bhabha khozi![https://www.cbsnews.com/video/nature-bald-eagles-in-south-dakota/] Wena awufani nezinye iintaka, uyintaka ebhabhela phezulu-kwamafu, uyintaka ehlala phezu kwemiwewe nemiwonyo.[https://www.chipchick.com/2025/01/a-rare-stellers-sea-eagle-was-seen-in-canada-which-is-pretty-far-way-from-where-they-call-home] Phakama uqhinkqe uqhephuze phakathi kwalomagq'obomi ubhabhele emafini. Phela phela ngantsomi. 5mbee47sa4d0vjvxkf867jj73gojpb9 0 8730 40769 39273 2026-06-12T08:31:00Z Cokotho 16123 Improved content 40769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Wikimania 2023 - UNESCO's International Decades of Indigenous Languages (IDIL) - related Celebration.pdf|thumb|International Decade of Indigenous Languages ]] === '''Izwekazi uMzantsi Afrika''' uqulathe '''[[Iilwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika|iilwimi]] ezimbhaxa''', ngokwezibalo nokugunyaziswa ngu Rhulumente, zilishumi linesibini iilwimi ezisemthethweni<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-30|title=Reflections on SA’s 12th official language {{!}} SAnews|url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/reflections-sas-12th-official-language|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=www.sanews.gov.za|language=en}}</ref>. Ngokwengxelo ka United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural ([[UNESCO]]), kubikwa ukuba qho emva kweveki ezimbini ulwimi lwasekhaya luyafa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portal Jabarprov - Satu Portal untuk Semua Hal Tentang Jawa Barat|url=https://jabarprov.go.id/en/berita/unesco-setiap-dua-minggu-satu-bahasa-daerah-punah-di-dunia-12944|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=jabarprov.go.id|language=en-US}}</ref>. Oluphando lukhokelele kuphehlelelo lwephulo I International Decate of Indigenous Languages, eliphulo lisungulwe usukela kunyaka ka 2022 ukuya kunyaka ka 2032, lisungulwa liQumrhu lezizizwe ezimanyeyo I UNESCO. Eliphulo lithatyathwe ngamaqhumrhu aququzela ukuvuselelwa, ukulondolizwa nokuphucula kwelimi aliqela aquka I ''Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB)'' ne South African Center for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR). === === '''Ukugcina ulwimi lwenkobe, kukukhusela ulwazi lwemveli''' === Iphulo i [[International Decade of Indigenous Languages]] ikhokelisa ukulondolozwa kweelimi zasekhaya kuba iqonda kakuhle ukuba oyena nozala wamasiko, iinkolela iinkcubeko zizsekelezelwe kulwimi lwasekhaya<ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 - 2032 International Decade of Indigenous Languages|url=https://idil2022-2032.org/|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=2022 - 2032 International Decade of Indigenous Languages|language=en-US}}</ref>. Eliphulo likhusela ulwazi lwemveli nokudluliselwa kwalo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Xa ulwimi lusifa, ithi lonto ulwazi lweMveli nalo luyatshabalala kuba ulwimi lwasekhaya lulo olusetyenziswayo ukudlulisa ulwazi lweMveli. Ewe nezinye iilwimi zasentshona ziyasetyenziswa ukufundisa kodwa kwimidaka emnyama, oko akukwazi ukwenzeka kuba aliqela amagama neentetha okungakwazekiyo ukuba ziguqulelwe kwezinye iilwimi. # Amaphulo afana ne International Decade of indigenous languages anika ithemba kwiilimi zasekhaya ezitshabalalayo, njengoko Iilwimi zasekhaya zijongene noxinezelelo lwe teknoloji kunye nobuxhakaxhaka balemihla endingabala kubo I teknoloji entsha I (Artificial Intelligence kunye ne Robotics). Obubuxhaka-xhaka budlala indima  edlalwa ngabantu, ibeka ulwazi lwemveli esichengeni kunye neelwimi ngokunjalo. Kodwa amaphulo afana neli lingasentla aqinisekisa ukuba iilwimi zasekhaya ziyavuselelwa zikhuselwe ngokuthi zifakwe kwi intanethi. Minintsi ke imisebenzi eyenziwa leliphulo, kweminye yayo kuquka amaphulo akhokelwe ngabantu abatsha ajongene nokuvuselelwa kweelimi kumaqonga e entanethi, elinye lamaphulo abo lalibanjwe ngonyaka ka 2023 apho kwakubanjwe khona iingxoxo malunga nokuphuhliswa kwelwimi kusetyenziswa I [[intanethi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=UNESCO|date=28 November 2023|title=A digital future for indigenous languages: Insights from the Partnerships Forum|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/digital-future-indigenous-languages-insights-partnerships-forum|url-status=live|accessdate=19 May 2025|website=UNESCO}}</ref>. * Eliphulo le International Decade of indigenous languages liye laphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 2022 ngowasekuba ngowayesakuba ngu Mphathiswa woBugcisa ne Nkcubeko uMnu Nathi Mthethwa eThswane. Lomcimbi wawuzinyaswe ngabathandi bolwimi, izifundiswa, ababhali kunye nabaguququzeli bolwimi. Xandicaphula kwintetho yakhe u Mphathiswa Nathi Mthethwa, uthethe wathi “Ngokuka UNESCO, undoqo wokuphehlelelwa kweliphulo kukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa nokuphakanyiswa kweelwimi zasekhaya. Eliphulo likwakhuthaza intsebenziswano kulwakhiwo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yolwimi”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahlokwane|first=James|date=2144-01-18|title=Nathi Mthethwa launches roadmap for International Decade of Indigenous Languages|url=https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2022-10-11-nathi-mthethwa-launches-roadmap-for-international-decade-of-indigenous-languages/|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref>. Categories: [[Iilwimi]] [[UNESCO]] [[International Decade of Indigenous Languages]] Amaphepha Asetyenzisiweyo or8c37imm377n5cs1g8e8ottjrvvyw6 40773 40769 2026-06-12T08:32:14Z Cokotho 16123 Improved content 40773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Wikimania 2023 - UNESCO's International Decades of Indigenous Languages (IDIL) - related Celebration.pdf|thumb|International Decade of Indigenous Languages ]] === '''Izwekazi uMzantsi Afrika''' uqulathe '''[[Iilwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika|iilwimi]] ezimbhaxa''', ngokwezibalo nokugunyaziswa ngu Rhulumente, zilishumi linesibini iilwimi ezisemthethweni<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-30|title=Reflections on SA’s 12th official language {{!}} SAnews|url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/reflections-sas-12th-official-language|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=www.sanews.gov.za|language=en}}</ref>. Ngokwengxelo ka United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural ([[UNESCO]]), kubikwa ukuba qho emva kweveki ezimbini ulwimi lwasekhaya luyafa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portal Jabarprov - Satu Portal untuk Semua Hal Tentang Jawa Barat|url=https://jabarprov.go.id/en/berita/unesco-setiap-dua-minggu-satu-bahasa-daerah-punah-di-dunia-12944|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=jabarprov.go.id|language=en-US}}</ref>. Oluphando lukhokelele kuphehlelelo lwephulo I International Decate of Indigenous Languages, eliphulo lisungulwe usukela kunyaka ka 2022 ukuya kunyaka ka 2032, lisungulwa liQumrhu lezizizwe ezimanyeyo I UNESCO. Eliphulo lithatyathwe ngamaqhumrhu aququzela ukuvuselelwa, ukulondolizwa nokuphucula kwelimi aliqela aquka I ''Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB)'' ne South African Center for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR). === === '''Ukugcina ulwimi lwenkobe, kukukhusela ulwazi lwemveli''' === Iphulo ''i [[International Decade of Indigenous Languages]]'' ikhokelisa ukulondolozwa kweelimi zasekhaya kuba iqonda kakuhle ukuba oyena nozala wamasiko, iinkolela iinkcubeko zizsekelezelwe kulwimi lwasekhaya<ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 - 2032 International Decade of Indigenous Languages|url=https://idil2022-2032.org/|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=2022 - 2032 International Decade of Indigenous Languages|language=en-US}}</ref>. Eliphulo likhusela ulwazi lwemveli nokudluliselwa kwalo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Xa ulwimi lusifa, ithi lonto ulwazi lweMveli nalo luyatshabalala kuba ulwimi lwasekhaya lulo olusetyenziswayo ukudlulisa ulwazi lweMveli. Ewe nezinye iilwimi zasentshona ziyasetyenziswa ukufundisa kodwa kwimidaka emnyama, oko akukwazi ukwenzeka kuba aliqela amagama neentetha okungakwazekiyo ukuba ziguqulelwe kwezinye iilwimi. # Amaphulo afana ne International Decade of indigenous languages anika ithemba kwiilimi zasekhaya ezitshabalalayo, njengoko Iilwimi zasekhaya zijongene noxinezelelo lwe teknoloji kunye nobuxhakaxhaka balemihla endingabala kubo I teknoloji entsha I (Artificial Intelligence kunye ne Robotics). Obubuxhaka-xhaka budlala indima  edlalwa ngabantu, ibeka ulwazi lwemveli esichengeni kunye neelwimi ngokunjalo. Kodwa amaphulo afana neli lingasentla aqinisekisa ukuba iilwimi zasekhaya ziyavuselelwa zikhuselwe ngokuthi zifakwe kwi intanethi. Minintsi ke imisebenzi eyenziwa leliphulo, kweminye yayo kuquka amaphulo akhokelwe ngabantu abatsha ajongene nokuvuselelwa kweelimi kumaqonga e entanethi, elinye lamaphulo abo lalibanjwe ngonyaka ka 2023 apho kwakubanjwe khona iingxoxo malunga nokuphuhliswa kwelwimi kusetyenziswa I [[intanethi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=UNESCO|date=28 November 2023|title=A digital future for indigenous languages: Insights from the Partnerships Forum|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/digital-future-indigenous-languages-insights-partnerships-forum|url-status=live|accessdate=19 May 2025|website=UNESCO}}</ref>. * Eliphulo le International Decade of indigenous languages liye laphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 2022 ngowasekuba ngowayesakuba ngu Mphathiswa woBugcisa ne Nkcubeko uMnu Nathi Mthethwa eThswane. Lomcimbi wawuzinyaswe ngabathandi bolwimi, izifundiswa, ababhali kunye nabaguququzeli bolwimi. Xandicaphula kwintetho yakhe u Mphathiswa Nathi Mthethwa, uthethe wathi “Ngokuka UNESCO, undoqo wokuphehlelelwa kweliphulo kukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa nokuphakanyiswa kweelwimi zasekhaya. Eliphulo likwakhuthaza intsebenziswano kulwakhiwo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yolwimi”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahlokwane|first=James|date=2144-01-18|title=Nathi Mthethwa launches roadmap for International Decade of Indigenous Languages|url=https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2022-10-11-nathi-mthethwa-launches-roadmap-for-international-decade-of-indigenous-languages/|accessdate=2025-05-19|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref>. Categories: [[Iilwimi]] [[UNESCO]] [[International Decade of Indigenous Languages]] Amaphepha Asetyenzisiweyo 5dwsa5nhz1kr0vc3npi5qg0iw9w2wi8 0 8739 40752 39272 2026-06-12T08:22:29Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 added a citation 40752 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:DH-IGNITE 2023 SADiLaR.jpg|thumb|SADILaR]] '''Iphulo I SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP)''' laphehlelelwa ngomhla wama 20 kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka ka 2023. Lomcimbi wophelelelo wawusingathwe liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo I [[University of South Africa (UNISA]]). Injongo yeliphulo kukuphakamisa nokuphucula [[Iilwimi zeSintu|iiLwimi zeSintu]] libambisene neBhodi yeeLwimi yoMzantsi Africa (PanSALB)<ref>{{Cite web|title=PanSALB – Pan South African Language Board|url=https://www.pansalb.org/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.pansalb.org}}</ref>, I Wikipedia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|url=https://www.wikipedia.org/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.wikipedia.org|language=en}}</ref> kunye ne [[SADiLaR]]. Lomsitho wawuzinyaswe zizithwala ndwe, amaQumrhu eeLwimi nabahlali bemele iilwimi zeSintu<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simayile|first=Thulani|date=2073-06-25|title=Iilwimi zesintu zisemngciphekweni eMzantsi Afrika|url=https://isolezwelesixhosa.co.za/izimvo/2026-03-11-iilwimi-zesintu-zisemngciphekweni-emzantsi-afrika/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Isolezwe lesiXhosa|language=en}}</ref>. Omnye wezithwalwa-ndwe owayewonge lomsitho ngokubukho bakhe ngu Njingalwazi Stanley Nadonsela nongu sihlalo wesebe leeLwimi zase Afrika kwisebe lezemfundo ephakamileyo I (UNISA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of South Africa|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.unisa.ac.za}}</ref>. Kwinetho yakhe u Njingalwazi Madonsela ugxininise kakhulu kwintsebenziswano, encoma kakhulu amaQumrhu athe adibana ngalombono ukuwuphuhlisa nokuwunika ubomi. Wongeze wathi eliphulo lizakuxhobisa abasebenzi besebe leeLwimi ngolwazi kwaye libakhuthaze ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiphulo le SWiP<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-0909-1010|title=SWiP Wikipedia Workshop: Advancing South African Languages {{!}} University Of Pretoria|url=https://www.up.ac.za/afridsai/news/swip-wikipedia-workshop-advancing-south-african-languages|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.up.ac.za|language=en}}</ref> lokuqinisekisa ukuba iiLwimi zeSintu ziyafumaneka kumaqonga afana ne Wikipedia etshotshentla ukuphuhlisa iilwimi zeSintu kwi intanethi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Towards a unified approach to language preservation and accessibility|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Human-Sciences/News-&-events/Articles/Towards-a-unified-approach-to-language-preservation-and-accessibility#:~:text=The%20SWiP%20project,%20officially%20launched,to%20language%20preservation%20and%20accessibility|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=www.unisa.ac.za}}</ref>. === '''Iphulo le [[SWiP|SW]]'''[[SWiP|'''iP''']] libhala imbhali entsha ng'''ee[[Lwimi]] zesiNtu kwi-[[Intanethi]]''' === Eliphulo lisekelwe ukusombulula ingxuba-kaxaka ihlabathi elijamelene nayo yokufa kweelimi zase Afrika<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mabela|first=Matefu L.|last2=Ditsele|first2=Thabo|date=2024-02-29|title=Exploring intellectualisation of South African indigenous languages for academic purposes|url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1980|journal=Literator|language=en|volume=45|issue=1|pages=10|doi=10.4102/lit.v45i1.1980|issn=2219-8237}}</ref>, lengxuba ka xaka idalwe kukuba abantu balujongele phantsi olwimi lwabo lwenkobe, baxabise kakhulu ulwimi lwemboleko, isiNgesi. iKumkani yamaNdebele<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imbali yama Ndebele|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/imbali-yama-ndebele.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> iNgwenyama Makhosonke II uthi uLwimi lungakheka kuphela xa kunokubakho Izithwalandwe, IIngcungela, iinjingalwazi nababhali ababhala imibongo , iingoma neminye imisebenzi yabo beyibhala ngolwimi lwasekhaya. Ikumkani ibhekise lamazwi kumsitho wokuphehlelelwa koLwimi isiNdebele kwiqonga I Wikipedia. Lo msitho wawubanjelwe kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo I University of South Africa (UNISA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=SWiP project to champion SA’s indigenous languages online – SADiLaR|url=https://sadilar.org/en/swip-project-to-champion-sas-indigenous-languages-online/|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=sadilar.org}}</ref>. Iphulo le SWiP linabele nakwamanye amaphondo kodwa lijole kakhulu kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Ngomhla wama 20 kweyeSilimela  kunyaka ka 2024, iphulo le SWiP belindwendwele I Central University of Technology eFreystata<ref>{{Cite web|title=CUT {{!}} CUT, South Africa - Thinking Beyond|url=https://www.cut.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.cut.ac.za}}</ref>. Injongo ibikukuqeqesha  abaququzeleli nabathandi beeLwimi kunye nabafundi ukuba bangenele eliphulo ukugcina iilwimi zabo kwiqonga I Wikipedia. Koluqeqesho, bekukho neBhodi yeeLwimi yoMzantsi Africa (PanSALB) nebimelwe ngu Nkosikazi Nikiwe Mathebula, uphawule wathi igalelo lale Bhodi kwiphulo lika SWiP kukuba baqinisekise ukuba uLwimi lubhalwa ngendlela echanekileyo njengoko iBhodi iqinisekisa ukuba ikhupha imiqaqo yokubhala qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu<ref>{{Cite web|title=CUT {{!}} CUT hosts SWiP workshop aimed at preserving South African languages in the digital space|url=https://www.cut.ac.za/news/cut-hosts-swip-workshop-aimed-preserving-south-african-languages-digital-space|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=www.cut.ac.za}}</ref>. [[Ngokweenkcukacha:SWiP Workshop at Vaal University of Technology.jpg|thumb|SWiP Workshop]] Eliphulo I [[SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP)]] liqokelela abantu abatsha kuba ngabo abasele necekwa lokuvuselela iiLwimi zeSintu ngoba, ngabo iinkokheli zangomgso. Ubunkokheli benene buqala ekwazini ulwimi lwakho kuba ayikho inkokheli yenene eza ebantwini bayo ifike ithethe ulwimi lwemboleko. Uphando luthi ukuba ukuze uluntu lube nemvakalelo yintetho yakho lubenokuyiqonda kwangoko, kukuba uthethe ngolwimi lwakhe umntu. Oluphando lungqinelana nentetho yongasekhoyo uTata Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela<ref>{{Cite web|title=Learners' biography – Nelson Mandela Foundation|url=https://www.nelsonmandela.org/learners-biography|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.nelsonmandela.org|language=en-ZA}}</ref> nowaye ngu Mongameli wokuqala omnyama xa ethi “Into oyithethe ngolwimi lwembholeko emtwini iya engqondweni yakhe, kodwa xa uyithethe ngolwimi lwasekhaya iya entliziyweni”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nelson Mandela Quotes|url=https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/nelson_mandela_121685|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=BrainyQuote|language=en}}</ref>. Kanye kulenyanga ebizwa ngokuba yinyanga yamaAfrika, sibhiyozela imisebenzi emihle eyenziwa liphulo I SWiP, imisebenzi ebeka iiLwimi zeSintu kwinqwanqwa eliphezulu. Enye into ethanda ukulibaleka kwezinzame zolondolozo lolwimi ngabantu basekuhaleni, kodwa I SWiP ibasondezile kweliphulo ukuze baphefumlele lomsebenzi ngamva abo nolwazi lwemveli. Kuba kaloku kakade ngabo abazazingcono iiLwimi zasekhaya ukudlula abo bazifunda esikolweni. Siliqhwabela izandla eliphulo ngokuba liquke nabanini beeLwimi kwiphulo labo<ref>{{Cite web|title=SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP) – SADiLaR|url=https://sadilar.org/en/swip/|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=sadilar.org}}</ref>. Zilishumi iDyunivesithi<ref>{{Cite web|last=V4CWebAdmin|title=Home|url=https://usaf.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Universities South Africa|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ezonyuliweyo ukuba zibelikhaya lephulo I SWiP kuquka kuzo I [[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]], nayo izeke mzekweni yaqalisa eliphulo kumaziko alo. Eliphulo lisingethwe ngokusesikweni kwi khampasi yase Bellville<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bellville|url=https://www.capetown.travel/neighbourhood/bellville/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Cape Town Tourism|language=en-US}}</ref> kweliziko-mfundo, ngomhla wama 20 kweyoMsintsi kunyaka ka 2024. Obekhokhele lomsitho nguye uGqirha Kabelo Sebolai noyintloko yecandelo loLwimi, nowonyulwe ukuba akhokele eliphulo kwiDyunivesithi I CPUT kwelentlanzi.  Uthethe wathi, eliphulo lokugcina iiLwimi ku Wikipedia lizakubancedisa belicandelo leeLwimi ekwakheni amaqhinga azakukhuthaza ukuba kwakhiwe imigaqo ezakuquka iiLwimi zonke<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyce|first=Aphiwe|date=12 April 2024|title=CPUT contributes towards preservation of SA indigenous languages|url=https://www.cput.ac.za/newsroom/news/article/4947/cput-contributes-towards-preservation-of-sa-indigenous-languages|url-status=live|accessdate=21 May 2025|website=Cape Peninsula University of Technology}}</ref>. Categories: [[IilLwimi]] [[SWiP]] [[SADiLaR]] [[Ulondolozo]] Amaphepha Asetyenzisiweyo i1e0yvjuel397hlte93bqem7aojobph 0 8813 40743 39536 2026-06-12T08:11:30Z Cokotho 16123 Added a reference 40743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Depression|image=A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg|caption=[[Lithograph]] of a person diagnosed with ''[[melancholia]]'' and strong suicidal tendency in 1892}}  '''Ukudakumba''' yimeko yengqondo yemo ephantsi kunye nokungafuni ukwenza umsebenzi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Depression Basics|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|archive-date=11 June 2013|accessdate=22 October 2020|website=NIMH}}</ref> Ichaphazela malunga ne- 3.5% yabantu kwihlabathi jikelele, okanye malunga ne-280 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele, ukususela ngo-2020. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Depression|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression|archive-date=26 December 2020|accessdate=7 April 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]]|language=en}}</ref> Uxinzelelo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yintoni ixinzelelo lwengqondo?|url=https://xh.reoveme.com/yintoni-ixinzelelo-lwengqondo/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=xh.reoveme.com}}</ref> luchaphazela iingcinga zomntu, ukuziphatha, iimvakalelo kunye nengqondo yokuphila kakuhle . <ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P|date=October 2019|title=Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review|journal=Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences|volume=28|issue=5|pages=544–562|doi=10.1017/S2045796018000227|pmc=7032752|pmid=29769159|doi-access=free}}</ref> Uvuyo olufunyanwa ngumntu kumava athile luyancitshiswa, Kwaye umntu oxhwalekileyo udla ngokulahlekelwa yintshukumisa okanye umdla kuloo misebenzi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression|vauthors=Gilbert P|date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> Kumatyeli amaninzi abantu abokukudakumba bafumana unxunguphalo oluninzi bambi bazive besebumnyameni kakhulu yaye kubenzima ukuthatha ingqalelo kwanokwenza izinto ezibalulekile nokucinga, batya ngokugqithiseleyo yaye babanazo neengcnga zokuzibulala. l1roqtvpp6g5hlgd2i2pbixk1tsle50 40755 40743 2026-06-12T08:25:23Z Cokotho 16123 Edited the contents 40755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Depression|image=A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg|caption=[[Lithograph]] of a person diagnosed with ''[[melancholia]]'' and strong suicidal tendency in 1892}}  # '''Ukudakumba''' yimeko yengqondo yemo ephantsi kunye nokungafuni ukwenza umsebenzi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Depression Basics|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|archive-date=11 June 2013|accessdate=22 October 2020|website=NIMH}}</ref> Ichaphazela malunga ne- 3.5% yabantu kwihlabathi jikelele, okanye malunga ne-280 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele, ukususela ngo-2020. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Depression|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression|archive-date=26 December 2020|accessdate=7 April 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]]|language=en}}</ref> '''Uxinzelelo'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yintoni ixinzelelo lwengqondo?|url=https://xh.reoveme.com/yintoni-ixinzelelo-lwengqondo/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=xh.reoveme.com}}</ref> luchaphazela iingcinga zomntu, ukuziphatha, iimvakalelo kunye nengqondo yokuphila kakuhle . <ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P|date=October 2019|title=Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review|journal=Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences|volume=28|issue=5|pages=544–562|doi=10.1017/S2045796018000227|pmc=7032752|pmid=29769159|doi-access=free}}</ref> Uvuyo olufunyanwa ngumntu kumava athile luyancitshiswa, Kwaye umntu oxhwalekileyo udla ngokulahlekelwa yintshukumisa okanye umdla kuloo misebenzi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression|vauthors=Gilbert P|date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> Kumatyeli amaninzi abantu abokukudakumba bafumana unxunguphalo oluninzi bambi bazive ''besebumnyameni'' kakhulu yaye kubenzima ukuthatha ingqalelo kwanokwenza izinto ezibalulekile nokucinga, batya ngokugqithiseleyo yaye babanazo neengcnga zokuzibulala. 0sqlim7r1ei4l0st5hixzgiad21dunf 0 8815 40699 39544 2026-06-12T07:33:03Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Linked to other pages. 40699 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|thumb|442x442px|UTata Nelson Mandela]] '''U Tata u [[Nelson Mandela]] wazalwa ngomhla we 18 kweyeKhala ngonyaka ka 1918'''<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2025-07-07|title=Nelson Mandela|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Mandela&oldid=1299302122|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>'''.''' Waziwa njengo [[Mongameli]] wokuqala omnyama [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] othe wahlala esikhundleni soluwulo emva korhulumente wobandlululo. U [[Mandela]] wavotelwa ngonyaka ka [[1994]] ngaxeshanye kokusunguslwa korhulumente wentando yesinintsi. Utsale iintombo njengo Mongameli isithuba esingangeminyaka emihlanu (1994-1999)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-21|title=Nelson Mandela {{!}} Death, Facts, Biography, & Apartheid {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela|accessdate=2025-07-23|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>.U Mandela ube ngumfuziselo worhulumente omtsha kunye nenkululeko yomntu omnyama, kodwa ngaphezu koko ube ngumfuziselo woxolo, [[uthando]], [[Ubuntu ifilosofi|ubuntu]] nentlalontle. Ngokwembhali u Mandela ibe nguye owakhe uxolelwaniso phakathi komntu omnyama kunye nomhlophe emva kweemfazwe zeminyaka apho abantsundu babesilwela ukubuya korhwebo, umhlaba kunye nolawulo. Usuku lwe [[Mandela Day]] lubhiyozelwa qho ngonyaka ngomhla we [[18 kweyeKhala]] kanye ngemini yokuzalwa kuka Tata u Mandela. Olusuku lwasungulwa ukukhumbula uTata u [[Nelson Mandela]] kunye nemisebenzi yakhe emihle ebeyenzela uluntu esaphila. Eyona nto yayibalasele ngaye u Tata u Mandela, wayethanda kakhulu [[abantwana]] abaselula, kweminye imifanekiso yakhe uxhagwe ngabantwana yaye babonaka bonwabile. Kangokuba ama Qumrhu amaninzi abhiyozela olusuku ngokuthi andwendwele amakhaya abantwana abaselugcinweni okanye abasezikolweni ukubapha izipho, iimpahla kunye nento esiwa phantsi kwe mpumlo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandela Day 2025: A Day of Dignity, Giving and Hope|url=https://www.stithian.com/news/entry/mandela-day-2025-a-day-of-dignity-giving-and-hope|accessdate=2025-07-23|website=www.stithian.com|language=en}}</ref>. Amanye amazwi asishiya nawo u Tata u [[Nelson Mandela]] abonisa [[uthando]] nenkathalo ngabantwana ngala: ''Our children are our greatest treasure. They are our future. "Giving children a healthy start in life, no matter where they are born or the circumstances of their birth, is the moral obligation of every one of us – Nelson Mandela''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nelson Mandela Quotes About Children|url=https://www.azquotes.com/author/9365-Nelson_Mandela/tag/children|accessdate=2025-07-23|website=A-Z Quotes}}</ref>''.'' La mazwi asisikhumbuzo kuluntu ukuba silandele ekhondweni lika Madiba ngokuthi sibakhusele abantwana njengoko belikusasa eliqaqambileyo leZwekazi i Afrika. Unyaka nonyaka usuku luka Mandela olubizwa ngokuba yi Mandela Day luba nesihloko esisekelezelwe ekubhiyozeleni olusuku. Ukanti ke kunyaka ka 2025 lo umiyo, isihloko solusuku besisithi “''It’s still in our hands to combat poverty and inequity- Kuse zandleni zethu ukulwa indlala kunye nonkungalingani''”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandela Day 2025 - Uniting to Combat Poverty and Inequity – Nelson Mandela Foundation|url=https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/mandela-day-2025-uniting-to-combat-poverty-and-inequity|accessdate=2025-07-23|website=www.nelsonmandela.org|language=en-ZA}}</ref>. Esisihloko sicangcatha kanye kumazwi ka Mandela athi sonke sinesibophelelo sokuba sinike abantwana ikamva eliqaqambileyo nokuba bazalelwe kumakhaya okanye iimeko ezinjani na. Indlala iseyintlaka etsheleyo e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] njegoko naye u Madiba walandulela eli eshiya indlala igquba. Esi sihloko sidibanise amaQumrhu, amasebe ka [[Rhulumente]] kunye neenkampani ndawonye ukuze zize namacebo okulwa indlala e [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandela Day 2025: Uniting to Combat Poverty and Inequity {{!}} Public Sector Management|url=https://www.publicsectormanager.gov.za/july-2025/features-opinions/mandela-day-2025-uniting-combat-poverty-and-inequity|accessdate=2025-07-23|website=www.publicsectormanager.gov.za|language=en}}</ref>. Categories: [[Nelson Mandela]] [[Mandela Day]] Amaphepha asetyenzisiweyo lvtgksrjliq2bxqx6vtgkvv4zrvequ5 0 8843 40708 39718 2026-06-12T07:41:17Z KreleSword 16118 Ndidibanise namanye amaphepha. 40708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''URelebohile Ratamo Mofokeng''' wazalwa ngomhla wama shumi amabini anesithathu, kwinyanga yeDwarha ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anane. Lona ngumdlali [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|webhola]] ekhatywayo waseMzantsi Afrika odlala njengomdlali wasesiswini ohlaselayo okanye umdlali wasephikweni we -Orlando Pirates kunye neqela [[Iqela lesizwe lebhola ekhatywayo loMzantsi Afrika|lesizwe loMzantsi Afrika]] . Uthathwa njengomnye wabadlali ababalaseleyo eMzantsi Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sibiya|first=Sibongumenzi|title=EXCLUSIVE: Junior Khanye: Mofokeng is pure talent!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sports/junior-khanye-praises-orlando-pirates-star-relebohile-mofokeng-as-best-young-player-in-south-african-20250717|accessdate=2025-07-18|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> == Umsebenzi weklabhu == UMofokeng wenze izifundo zakhe [https://ezinomsila.org ezinomsila] kwiSikolo seTransnet sokuGqwesa. Phambi kokuba kuhlangatyezwane namalungiselelo otshintshiselwano phakathi kwamaqela akwicandelo leNkulumbuso yoMzantsi Afrika iMamelodi Sundowns kunye neOrlando Pirates, kunye noMofokeng ozibangakanya neOrlando Pirates kunye nogxa wakhe [[Siyabonga Mabena|uSiyabonga Mabena]] ozibandakanya neMamelodi Sundowns. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sang|first=Kiplagat|date=7 December 2022|title=Mabena: How Orlando Pirates-Mamelodi Sundowns transfer tug-of-war over Bafana Bafana youngster was resolved|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/mabena-how-orlando-pirates-mamelodi-sundowns-transfer-tug-of-war-over-bafana-bafana-youngster-was-resolved/blt694beacd2ff02228|accessdate=12 June 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref> UMofokeng udityaniswe kakuhle neqela labakhulayo le-Orlando Pirates, wachulumancisa neqela loonogcino kwiDStv Diski Challenge, kwaye wamenywa ukuba azilolonge neqela lokuqala. <ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Pirates sensational striker Ratomo will not be rushed|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/mgosi/pirates-sensational-striker-ratomo-will-not-be-rushed/#:~:text=Orlando%20Pirates%20sensational%20young%20striker,at%20the%20Buccaneers%20has%20revealed.|accessdate=12 June 2023|website=citizen.co.za}}</ref> Emva kokuvela ebhentshini izihlandlo ezine, wanikwa ithuba lokuqa lokuba azibonakalise kumdlalo weDStv Premiership edlala neRoyal AM ngomhla wesithathu kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinesithathu. Emva kwempazamo eyenziwe ngumdlali weRoyal AM waseMozambique uDomingues, uMofokeng wafumana ithuba lokuyifaka phakathi emnatheni ibhola. Nangona kunjalo, injongo inikezelwe njengenjongo yobuqu, njengoko imbumbulu yokuqala ibingekho ekujoliswe kuyo. <ref name="goal">{{Cite web|last=Gumede|first=Michaelson|date=3 May 2023|title=Orlando Pirates exciting youngster Ratomo shines on PSL debut|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/orlando-pirates-exciting-youngster-ratomo-shines-on-psl-debut/blt90de01bcd1d0c897|accessdate=12 June 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref> Kumdlalo wakhe wesibini kuphela kweli qela, uye wafaka amanqaku waza wanceda kumdlalo wakhe wesibini xa bephumelele [[AmaZulu FC|AmaZulu]] ngamanqaku amane eqandeni. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Dindi|first=Sithembiso|date=22 May 2023|title=Jose Riveiro pleads for patience for Pirates' 17-year-old sensation Ratomo|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2023-05-22-jose-riveiro-pleads-for-patience-for-pirates-17-year-old-sensation-ratomo/|accessdate=12 June 2023|website=timeslive.co.za}}</ref> == Umsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe == === Ulutsha === UMofokeng umele uMzantsi Afrika kwindebe yeCOSAFA ngonyaka wamawaka amabini anamashumi amabini anesibini , wafumana amanqaku amabini kwimidlalo emihlanu. <ref name="goal">{{Cite web|last=Gumede|first=Michaelson|date=3 May 2023|title=Orlando Pirates exciting youngster Ratomo shines on PSL debut|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/orlando-pirates-exciting-youngster-ratomo-shines-on-psl-debut/blt90de01bcd1d0c897|accessdate=12 June 2023|website=goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGumede2023">Gumede, Michaelson (3 May 2023). </cite></ref> === Omkhulu === Ufumene ikhwelo lakhe lokuqala leqela lesizwe lokubizelwa kukhuphiswano lweNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA kumnyaka wamawaka amabini anamashumi amabini anesithandathu eza kudlalwa kwinyanga yeSilimela. UMofokeng waqala umdlalo wakhe wokuqala kumdlalo wamva ngomhla we-11 kweyeSilimela ngowama-2024 eFree State Stadium . Uye wangena endaweni ka -Oswin Appollis ngexesha elongezelelweyo, njengokuba uMzantsi Afrika uphumelele ngo’3–1. <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 June 2024|title=South Africa v Zimbabwe game report|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/687185/|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> UMofokeng ufake inqaku lakhe lokuqala kuMzantsi Afrika ngokuchasene neLesotho kumdlalo wokuhluzela iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA ka-2026. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=KO Staff|title=Broos has his say on Mofokeng's first Bafana goal|url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/bafana/broos-on-mofokengs-goal-20250324|accessdate=2025-04-02|website=Kickoff|language=en-US}}</ref> == Iimbekiselo == {{reflist}} 4izbtcx5hclw7paoq5u03nu10wdxxyh 0 8923 40701 40675 2026-06-12T07:34:23Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 I LINKED kwaBHACA with Sizwe Lindelo 40701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IMount Frere''', ngokusemthethweni kukwa'''Bhaca''',<ref name="2016_rename">{{Cite web|date=2016-02-09|title=Government Gazette No. 39669|url=http://www.gpwonline.co.za/Gazettes/Gazettes/39669_9-2_ArtsCulture.pdf|accessdate=8 August 2019|publisher=South African Government|page=9|archive-date=2017-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207180144/http://www.gpwonline.co.za/Gazettes/Gazettes/39669_9-2_ArtsCulture.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> yidolophu ekwiphondo laseMpuma Koloni, ngaphambili eyaziwa njengeTranskei kumandla, [[UmZantsi Afrika mandulo!!!|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. KwaBhaca kuphakathi kweKokstad ne dolophu yaseMthatha, ecaleni kwendlela yeN2 malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 kumntla-mpuma weMthatha. Ilawulwa nguMasipala weSithili saseMzimvubu kwaye iilali zilawulwa yinkokeli ye[[Sizwe Lindelo Snail ka Mtuze|Sizwe]] eneemida eziphakathi. == Imbali == Igama layo ngesiNguni ku'''KwaBhaca''', okanye "isixeko sobukhosi bamaBhaca ", okanye "indawo yabantu bamaBhaca ", <ref name="Ro01">{{Cite book|last=Erasmus|first=B. P. J.|url=http://archive.org/details/onrouteinsouthaf0000eras|title=On Route in South Africa|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishers|others=Internet Archive|year=1995|isbn=978-1-86842-026-1|location=Johannesburg|pages=209}}</ref> abahlala apho konyaka u1825. IMount Frere yasekwa ngo-1876 yaza yathiywa ngegama lika Mnumzana uHenry Bartle Edward Frere . <ref name="Ro01"/> KwiNyanga YoMdumba KuNyaka u2016, iMount iFrere yathiywa igama elitsha lokuba kuKwaBhaca. <ref name="2016_rename"/> == Imithombo == <references /> == Amakhonkco angaphandle == 5tcmild4nxkfesf48h4mb03v7d06k02 0 8965 40720 40183 2026-06-12T07:49:39Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 i linked with another page 40720 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:UFH library.jpg|thumb|425x425px|Ithala leencwadi leYunivesithi yaseFort Hare kunye nabafundi.]] '''Ithala''' leencwadi le[[Yunivesithi yaseFort Hare]] (UFH) lisiseko esibalulekileyo sokufunda nokuqhuba [[Uphando lobunzululwazi|uphando]] kubafundi belizo.<ref>Mdiya, Y., 2020. The resuscitation of historically disadvantaged universities: the case of University of Fort Hare.</ref> Lixhasa abafundi, abaphandi, kunye noluntu ngokufikelela [[kwimithombo]] yolwazi. == Iingqokelela == [[Iincwadi]] kwakunye noluhlu olubanzi lwe[https://www.scribd.com/document/792621314/Imithombo-yolwazi mithombo] yamaphepha. Iingqokelela [[ezikhethekileyo]] ezifana neencwadi ezinqabileyo, kunye namaxwebhu embali. Ukusebenzisa ubuxakaxaka balemihla, ukuze kufikelela kuphando nzulu, [[namanqaku]], neencwadi ezifumaneka kwikhomputha [[(e-books)]].<ref>MOHAMMED, A.A., 2023. ''INFLUENCE OF PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES AND ACCESS TO DIGITAL RESOURCES ON RESEARCH OUTPUT OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA'' (Doctoral dissertation).</ref> == Iinkonzo == Uncedo kuphando oluvela kubancedisi bethala lencwadi. Iindawo zokufundela abantu ngabanye nangamaqela. Iithi linikezela ngoqeqesho lwezakhono zolwazi nokuqhuba uphando nokunye okuninzi kulwazi ngezimfundo gabalala.<ref>Maleki, A., 2022. OCLC library holdings: Assessing availability of academic books in libraries in print and electronic compared to citations and altmetrics. ''Scientometrics'', ''127''(2), pp.991-1020.</ref> Ithala leencwadi le[[UFH]] lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekukhuthazeni [[impumelelo]] yezemfundo [[kuphando]] nokuyila.<ref>Adebayo, Y.F., 2023. The Role Libraries Play in Science, Technology and Innovation Development. ''ASRIC JOURNAL ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES'', p.211.</ref> == Iimithombo == [[Uluhlu:Ithala leencwadi]] [[Uluhlu:Uphando]] [[Uluhlu:Yunivesithi]] [[Uluhlu:Inzululwazi]] ebeqzzf7nag3magld5zgdmh65nr5pkw 0 8971 40738 40192 2026-06-12T08:09:04Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40738 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:The significance of Communication.jpg|thumb|communicatiom]] '''Ucalucalulo''' ngokobuhlanga luyinqubo apho abantu bahlulwa kwaye baphathwa ngokwakuhlukeneyo ngenxa yobuhlanga kwabo, Le nkqubo yenza ukuba amanye amaqela abantu bafumane amalungelo amaninzi kunye namathuba angcono, ngelixa amanye ethintelwa okanye ephathwa kakubi. Ucalucalulo lube nefutha elikhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ngakumbi eMzantsi Africa ngexesha lolawulo lobandlululo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Deborah|date=2007-09|title=Ethnic and Racial Segregation: A Critical Perspective|url=https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00051.x|journal=Geography Compass|language=en|volume=1|issue=5|pages=1138–1159|doi=10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00051.x|issn=1749-8198}}</ref> Ngexesha le Apartheid<ref>{{Cite web|title=A history of Apartheid in South Africa {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}</ref>, urhulumente waseMzantsi Africa wenza imithetho eyayihlula abantu ngokobuhlanga. Abantu abamnyama, amaKhaladi, namaNdiya babengavunyelwa ukuhlala kwiindawo ezifana nabantu abamhlophe. Kwakhona babenqatshelwa ukufumana imfundo esemgangathweni, imisebenzi ethile, kunye nezinye iinkonzo zolunto. Lenkqubo yakhokelela kwintlungu enkulu, ukungalingani, kunye nobuhlwempu kubantu abaninzi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sage Journals: Discover world-class research|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=Sage Journals|language=en|doi=10.1177/0003122415589170}}</ref> g8jeb0klej6m6em53hiwv8pxb59xndd 0 8984 40714 40211 2026-06-12T07:45:06Z Cokotho 16123 Linked to a page 40714 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Path ways outside campus.jpg|alt=Pathways around campus.|thumb|iLali yase[[Makhanda (Nxele)|Makhanda]] is a small rural village located near the city of [[Grahamstown|Makhanda]] in the [[Eastern Cape]], [[UMzantsi Afrika|South Africa]]. The village is home to the ama[[Xhosa music|Xhosa]] community and preserves many traditional customs and practices.|597x597px]]iLali yase[[Makhanda (Nxele)|Makhanda]] lelali encinane ekumazantsi kwidolophu yase[[Makhanda (Nxele)|Makhanda]] e[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]], [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]]. Lelali lihleliweyo liqela [[lamaXhosa]] kwaye ligcina iinkqubo nemikhwa yesintu.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-10|title=Makhanda, South Africa|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makhanda,_South_Africa&oldid=1342837082|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> == Imbali == Le lali yasekwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo1800 ngama[[IsiXhosa|Xhosa]] awayevela kwiindawo ezikufutshane. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xhosa culture: the clans and customs {{!}} Culture {{!}} History {{!}} Port Elizabeth {{!}} Cape Town {{!}} Eastern Cape {{!}} Western Cape {{!}} Vibrant culture (CD)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/cd/en/travel/article/xhosa-culture-the-clans-and-customs|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> Yaziwa ngokulima ngokudibeneyo kunye nemibhiyozo yesintu, eyayomeleza ubuhlobo phakathi kwabemi belali.<ref>https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html </ref> == Isiko == Abemi beli lali bayagubha imibhiyozo yesintu efana nomkhosi wokuzalwa (imibhiyozo yokukhula) kunye neminyanya yemveli (imisebenzi yabazalwana). Umculo wesintu, umdaniso, kunye nomsebenzi wobucwebe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xhosa culture: the clans and customs {{!}} Culture {{!}} History {{!}} Port Elizabeth {{!}} Cape Town {{!}} Eastern Cape {{!}} Western Cape {{!}} Vibrant culture (CD)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/cd/en/travel/article/xhosa-culture-the-clans-and-customs|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> == Uqoqosho == Uqoqosho lwaleli lali lusisiseko kulimo lwasekhaya, ukufuya [https://southafricareads.org/stories/xh/0002/ izilwanyana], kunye nezobugcisa bendawo. Kwamanye amakhulu eminyaka, ukhenketho oluncinci luye lwaqala ukuphuhlisa, lubonisa ilifa lesiko lelali. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xhosa culture: the clans and customs {{!}} Culture {{!}} History {{!}} Port Elizabeth {{!}} Cape Town {{!}} Eastern Cape {{!}} Western Cape {{!}} Vibrant culture (CD)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/cd/en/travel/article/xhosa-culture-the-clans-and-customs|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> == Ubomi Boluntu == Le lali ibeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwimfundo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngokudibeneyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xhosa culture: the clans and customs {{!}} Culture {{!}} History {{!}} Port Elizabeth {{!}} Cape Town {{!}} Eastern Cape {{!}} Western Cape {{!}} Vibrant culture (CD)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/cd/en/travel/article/xhosa-culture-the-clans-and-customs|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> Abadala banendima ebalulekileyo ekukhokeleni izizukulwana ezincinane, ngelixa imibhiyozo kunye neentlanganiso zoluntu zomeleza umanyano. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Xhosa culture: the clans and customs {{!}} Culture {{!}} History {{!}} Port Elizabeth {{!}} Cape Town {{!}} Eastern Cape {{!}} Western Cape {{!}} Vibrant culture (CD)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/cd/en/travel/article/xhosa-culture-the-clans-and-customs|accessdate=2026-03-12|website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> == Limbekiselo == 6at37c17mq1z3dn623z1syzjxo86z0o 0 9057 40758 40640 2026-06-12T08:28:08Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 Improving contents 40758 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''_{UYanga Ntshakaza}''' (owazalwa nge-17 EyeDwarha ngo-1987), owaziwa njengoYanga '''Chief''' (okanye ngokuba '''nguYanga''' ) ngumculi we-rap waseMzantsi Afrika, umvelisi weerekhodi kunye nomculi-mbhali weengoma. Wazalelwa [[Mthatha|eMthatha]] wakhulela [[eKomani]], uYanga wafunda izifundo zeefilimu kwidyunivesithi yaseGoli . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Zilibokwe|first=Nkululeko|date=2016-05-20|title=WATCH: Yanga paving his own trail – Fourways Review|url=https://fourwaysreview.co.za/233335/watch-yanga-paving-his-own-trail/?pwa-amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210204859/https://fourwaysreview.co.za/233335/watch-yanga-paving-his-own-trail/?pwa-amp|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Fourways Review}}</ref> == == Umsebenzi == Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, uYanga wayengumthwebuli wevidiyo kwi'''Buttabing Entertainment.''' <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|date=2021-02-10|title=Yanga Chief's debut is pop excellence : New Frame|url=https://www.newframe.com/yanga-chiefs-debut-is-pop-excellence/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205830/https://www.newframe.com/yanga-chiefs-debut-is-pop-excellence/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=New Frame}}</ref> Ngonyaka-2016, wabonakala kwingoma ka-AKA ethi ''" Dreamwork "'' eyayiphumelele nge-'''5× diamond,''' <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2019|title=AKA gets singles certified diamond and platinum|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/aka-gets-singles-certified-diamond-and-platinum-35685525|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225042542/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/aka-gets-singles-certified-diamond-and-platinum-35685525|archive-date=25 February 2023|accessdate=28 July 2023|website=IOL}}</ref> kwaye wabhala kunye ingoma kaKwesta equka uThabsie ''" Ngiyaz'fela Ngawe "'' eyakhutshwa ngeyoMdumba 26, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Melisizwe|first=Annika|date=February 13, 2020|title=AKA Gives Yanga Chief Due Respect for Writing Dope Hooks For Himself, Others|url=https://www.ubetoo.com/news/aka-gives-yanga-chief-due-respect-for-writing-dope-hooks-for-himself-others/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211222231/https://www.ubetoo.com/news/aka-gives-yanga-chief-due-respect-for-writing-dope-hooks-for-himself-others/|archive-date=11 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-12|website=Ubetoo}}</ref> UYanga wabhala waza wanika amazwi engoma ka-AKA ethi ''" Jika "'' eyakhutshwa ngo-2018. NgeyeDwarha 2018, ingoma yakhe ethi ''" Utatakho "'' yakhutshwa. Le ngoma yayiyeyona ephezulu kwitshathi ze'''Metro FM''' Top 40 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-08|title=Yanga Chief secures his first number one spot on Metro FM's Top 40 countdown {{!}} Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/yanga-chief-secures-his-first-number-one-spot-on-metro-fms-top-40-countdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210235028/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/yanga-chief-secures-his-first-number-one-spot-on-metro-fms-top-40-countdown/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Political Analysis South Africa}}</ref> kwaye yanikwa isiqinisekiso segolide eMzantsi Afrika ithengisa ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezili-10 000. <ref>{{Cite web|date=9 September 2020|title=Yanga Chief's "uTatakho" goes Gold – Groove Africa|url=https://groove-africa.com/yanga-chiefs-utatakho-goes-gold/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210201455/https://groove-africa.com/yanga-chiefs-utatakho-goes-gold/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Groove Africa}}</ref> Ngonyaka-2019 "Utatakho" waphumelela iNgoma yoNyaka kwiMbasa zeHip Hop zaseMzantsi Afrika . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=Interview: Yanga Chief, South Africa's Most Reluctant Pop Star, Is Starting a New Chapter – OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/interview-yanga-chief-south-africas-most-reluctant-pop-star-is-starting-a-new-chapter/279814|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210190636/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/yanga-chief-south-africa-pop-star-new-chapter-2648126551|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> UYanga wenze u-" Utatakho Remix " le ngoma iquka abaculi berap baseMzantsi Afrika abangasekhoyo uRiky Rick, u[https://wikitia.com/wiki/Dee_Koala Dee Koala] kunye noBoity . UYanga ubekwe kwindawo yesithathu kwiMTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=These Are The 10 Hottest South African MCs of 2019 According to MTV Base – OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/these-are-the-10-hottest-south-african-mcs-of-2019-according-to-mtv-base/184152|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210212723/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/mtv-base-hottest-mcs-list-2019-2641581593|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Ngenyanga yeDwarha ka-2019, i-extended play yakhe '''(EP)''' ''ethi "Becoming a Pop Star"'' yakhutshwa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=Yanga Chief releases his EP, Becoming A Pop Star (BAPS) – JustNje|url=https://justnje.com/yanga-chief-releases-his-ep-becoming-a-pop-star-baps/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213043732/https://justnje.com/yanga-chief-releases-his-ep-becoming-a-pop-star-baps/|archive-date=13 February 2022|accessdate=2021-02-13|website=justnje.com}}</ref> ''"Becoming a Pop Star"'' iphumelele i'''Mbasa yoMculo''' wase'''Mzantsi Afrika''' ye'''Best Hip Hop Album''' ngo- 2021 . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kekana|first=Chrizelda|date=2020-08-06|title=SA hip-hop celebrates Yanga Chief's Sama win, as he dedicates it to his dad|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-08-06-sa-hip-hop-celebrates-yanga-chiefs-sama-win-as-he-dedicates-it-to-his-dad/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210202100/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-08-06-sa-hip-hop-celebrates-yanga-chiefs-sama-win-as-he-dedicates-it-to-his-dad/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=TimesLIVE}}</ref> [[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]] apoi8ppunbbjctkhk31obwsago4530z 0 9068 40678 2026-06-11T21:54:51Z Cokotho 16123 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358685849|Rape]]" 40678 wikitext text/x-wiki Izinga lokuxela, ukutshutshisa kunye nokugwetywa ngokudlwengula liyahluka phakathi kweendawo. Kumazwe ngamazwe, izehlo zokudlwengula ezibhalwe ngamapolisa ngo-2008 zaziphakathi, kubantu abayi-100,000, ukusuka kwi-0.2 eAzerbaijan ukuya kwi-92.9 [[IBotswana|eBotswana]] kunye ne-6.3 eLithuania njenge- median . Kwihlabathi liphela, izehlo ezibikiweyo zobundlobongela besondo, kubandakanya nokudlwengula, zenziwa ngamadoda abasetyhini. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Violence against women|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414100345/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/|archive-date=14 April 2014|accessdate=8 September 2017|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> Ukudlwengulwa ngabantu ongabaziyo kudla ngokungaqhelekanga njengokudlwengulwa ngabantu abaziyo ixhoba, kwaye ukudlwengulwa kwabantu abangamadoda entolongweni kuxhaphakile kwaye kunokuba zezona ntlobo zokudlwengula zingabikwa kakhulu. <ref>Robert W. Dumond, "Ignominious Victims: Effective Treatment of Male Sexual Assault in Prison," 15 August 1995, p. 2; states that "evidence suggests that [male-male sexual assault in prison] may be a staggering problem". Quoted in {{Cite book|last=Mariner|first=Joanne|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=QkFfYfEO5IgC |page=370}}|title=No escape: male rape in U.S. prisons|last2=(Organization)|first2=Human Rights Watch|date=17 April 2001|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-258-6|page=370|access-date=7 June 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Struckman-Johnson|first=Cindy|last2=David Struckman-Johnson|year=2006|title=A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison|journal=Journal of Interpersonal Violence|volume=21|issue=12|pages=1591–1615|doi=10.1177/0886260506294240|issn=0886-2605|pmid=17065656}}; reports that "Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape."</ref> Abantu abakhe badlwengulwa ngaphambili banokwenzakala kwaye babe nesifo soxinzelelo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu . <ref name="aaets">{{Cite web|year=1995|title=Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Rape Survivors|url=http://www.aaets.org/article178.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913203354/http://www.aaets.org/article178.htm|archive-date=13 September 2019|accessdate=30 April 2013|publisher=The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress}}</ref> Ukulimala okukhulu kunokubangela ulwasulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo . Amaxhoba angamabhinqa ajongene nomngcipheko lokukhulelwa . Ixhoba linokujongana nobundlobongela okanye izgrogriso ezivela kumdlwenguli, kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ezivela kusapho nakwizalamane zexhoba. <ref name="zeenews.india">{{Cite web|date=19 March 2011|title=Rape victim threatened to withdraw case in UP|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/rape-victim-threatened-to-withdraw-case-in-up_694364.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227181949/https://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/rape-victim-threatened-to-withdraw-case-in-up_694364.html|archive-date=27 February 2019|accessdate=3 February 2013|publisher=Zeenews.india.com}}</ref> <ref name="wisemuslimwomen">{{Cite web|date=31 January 2002|title=Stigmatization of Rape & Honor Killings|url=http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/currentissues/stigmitizationofrape/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108041415/http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/currentissues/stigmitizationofrape/|archive-date=8 November 2012|accessdate=3 February 2013|publisher=WISE Muslim Women}}</ref> <ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|last=Harter|first=Pascale|date=14 June 2011|title=BBC News – Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13760895|url-status=live|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921101600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13760895|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> 0jbpuljbwklvc8kz2z5ydafkrt8hh47 0 9069 40679 2026-06-11T22:24:04Z Cokotho 16123 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358604173|Farm]]" 40679 wikitext text/x-wiki Ifama (ekwabizwa ngokuba yindawo yezolimo) yindaswo yomhlaba esetyenziselwa ezolimo ezifana nokuvelisa ukutya kunye nezinye izityalo. Yeyona ndawo isisekelo sokutya. Eligama lisetyenziswa kwindidi zeFama ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefama yobisi, ifama yemifuno, ifama yeehagu kunye nefama yeegusha kwaye nomhlaba usetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ifayibha yendalo, amafutha aveliswa kwizityalo (biofuel) nezinye iimveliso ezivela kwizinto eziphilayo. Oku kuquka iirantshi, iindawo zokutyebisa imfuyo, izitiya zeziqhamo, amasimi amakhulu, amafama amancinci kunye namafama okuzonwabisa. Kukwaquka indlu yasefama nezakhiwo kukwaquka indlu yasefama nezakhiwo zezolimo kunye nomhlaba ngokwawo. Kulemihla yanamhlanje intsingiselo yegama elithi IFAMA liye landiswa ukuze liquke nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso efana nefama zomoya neefama zentlanzi ezinokusebenza emhlabeni okanye elwandle. 629h4cd4lzsh1z4x21zfurpfv5ldlw4 14 9070 40825 2026-06-12T09:55:00Z BathandeBONKE 16121 created a new page 40825 wikitext text/x-wiki == IMBELEKO == ''Imbeleko'' lisiko lesiXhosa elenzelwa umntana omncinci ngenjongo zokumazisa kwizinyanya.Xa kusenziwa elisiko kuxhelwa idini elisenokuba yibhokhwe okanye igusha .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Affairs|first=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World|title=Reimagining Community through "Imbeleko"|url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/reimagining-community-through-imbeleko|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=berkleycenter.georgetown.edu|language=en}}</ref> 13ylpi0i1qtzjaty1iso2snakxwau4x 0 9071 40826 2026-06-12T10:04:21Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 written a new article 40826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abathakathi''' == Abathakathi kwaXhosa baziwa njengabantu abanentliziyo ezimbi kaye ''amanganqwneli'' nto entle kubanye abantu ngentetho bade basebenzise amayeza esiXHOSA ukuvala '''impumelelo''' yabanye abantu. Xa kubaliswa [https://nalibali.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/sb_ssc_xhosa_how_stories.pdf amabali] akudala akudala ngabantu badala, ubuthakathi kwakuyinto exhaphakileyo kakhulu bebhaqa oomakhulu neentsana ngamanye amaxesha nebazukulwana babo emizi yabantu ekuzeni kokusa bejajile,le yenye yendlela bebebhaqwa ngayo abathakathi. == * Kukhona ingxaki ke ekuhameni kwexesha eye yakhula abantu abasakwazi kuzinza engqondweni bacinge isisombululo sengxaki bacinga bathakathiwe ze banuke oomakhulu babantu ukuba ummakhulu wakho mnyama futhi mbi usengxakini ngoba uzokunukwa kona kona kusekhona abantu abasakholwa ukub abathakathi basekhona ngokwenene kunganjalo. # Into eyaziwayo kwaXhosa umzi no mzi uqiniswa ngesiko lakhona, kukhona abanye abanye abathebele emayezeni kubekho abathembele ku Qamata <ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Cold Mystery|title=Qamata: The Supreme Creator in Xhosa Belief|url=https://www.coldmystery.com/2025/10/qamata-supreme-creator-in-xhosa-belief.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Cold Mystery|language=en}}</ref>nakwizinyanya ukubhaqa ezindlela zimbi # Ayikho into edlula ukuthandaza ke mawethu. pwbb0akm7kna9p32dtr2mfdk2ejnul0 40830 40826 2026-06-12T10:13:58Z EnzoNomcutsha 16119 wrote a new article 40830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abathakathi''' == Abathakathi kwaXhosa baziwa njengabantu abanentliziyo ezimbi kwaye ''amanganqwneli'' into entle kubanye abantu ngentetho bade basebenzise amayeza esiXHOSA ukuvala '''impumelelo''' zabanye abantu. Xa kubaliswa [https://nalibali.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/sb_ssc_xhosa_how_stories.pdf amabali] akudala ngabantu abadala, ubuthakathi kwakuyinto exhaphakileyo kakhulu bebhaqa oomakhulu neentsana ngamanye [[Amaxesha onyaka|amaxesha]] nebazukulwana babo emizi yabantu ekuzeni kokusa bejajile,le yenye yendlela bebebhaqwa ngayo abathakathi. == * Into eyaziwayo kwaXhosa umzi no mzi uqiniswa ngesiko lakhona, kukhona abanye abathembele emayezeni kubekho abathembele ku Qamata <ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Cold Mystery|title=Qamata: The Supreme Creator in Xhosa Belief|url=https://www.coldmystery.com/2025/10/qamata-supreme-creator-in-xhosa-belief.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Cold Mystery|language=en}}</ref>nakwizinyanya ukubhaqa ezindlela zimbi. # Kukhona ingxaki eye yavela ekuhambeni kwexesha abantu abasakwazi kuzinza engqondweni bacinge isisombululo sengxaki bacinga bathakathiwe ze banuke oomakhulu babantu ukuba umakhulu wakho umnyama futhi mbi usengxakini ngoba uzokunukwa kona kona kusekhona abantu abasakholwa ukuba abathakathi basekhona ngokwenene kunganjalo. # Ayikho into edlula ukuthandaza ke mawethu. huronaopkenu4gd2o6mnay3ev6ikxod 14 9072 40827 2026-06-12T10:06:12Z BathandeBONKE 16121 created new page 40827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AMAXHOSA''' * Liqela labantu olufumaneka ''eMzantsi Afrika''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amasiko AmaXhosa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/zu/amasiko-ama-xhosa.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> .AmaXhosa aluhlanga lwesibini ubukhulu eMzantsi Africa .Afumaneka ikakhulu kwiphondo laseMpuma koloni.Ulwimi abaluthethayo sisiXhosa . ob1w24nb4fjov1njhfwr1bgv9kbcda3 14 9073 40828 2026-06-12T10:06:45Z KreleSword 16118 Added a citation 40828 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>'''Isimo sebhola yomnyazi kwilizwe lomzantsi Afrika'''.</big> <big>Kwilizwekazi uMzantsi Afrika ibhola yomnyazi ngowona mdlalo unkqenkqeza phambili kwimidlalo edlawa ngabasetyhini. Nengona kunjalo lomdlalo awukafiki kwizinga okanye inqanaba apho bekufanele ufikelela kulo; into ezifana nenkxaso ngezemali yeyona ngxaki enkulu kakhulu ejongene nalomdlalo. Lomdlalo udlalwa kumaphondo jikelele oMzantsi Afrika awona agqwesileyo naphuma phambili kubalwa i-''Gauteng, Free State, Western Cape kunye'' ne ''North West''. Lomdlalo awunayo ne ''League eProfessional'' apho abadlali bangadlala khona befumana imali, kukhona i-''Tournaments'' ezibavuza imalana encinci ezingathathi nexesha elide. Kodwa nengona lomdlalo unemiceli mngeni emininzi ngoluhlobo, iqela lethu elibizwa ngokuba yhi ''Spar Protease'' ziqhuba kakuhle ehlabathini ngoba kumazwe ankqenkqeza phambili ebesandokhutshwa yhi''-World Netball Association'' eliqela liphume isihlanu''.''</big> '''<big>Amaqela ankqenkqeza phambili kumdlalo womnyazi eHlabathini:</big>''' # Australia # New Zealand # England # Jamaica # South Africa 0ey5zirq3y0wxmwqfoojje5kynawn57 40836 40828 2026-06-12T10:43:07Z KreleSword 16118 New article 40836 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''<big>Ezemfundo kwidolophu iNgcobo eMpuma Koloni.</big>''' == <big>i-'''Ngcobo''' yidolophana encinane eseMzantsi Afrika kwiphondo iMpuma Koloni. Ledolophu yenye yedolophu ezitsala nzima kwizinto ezininzi, eziquka ezemfundo. Ledolophu ixhagwe zilali ezininzi kakhulu, apho uninzi lwabantu ingabantu abangayanga esikolweni okanye abohluleka phakathi basiyeka. Minintsi ke imiceli mngeni ebangela lento, efana nokungabikho kwezixhobo zofundisa. Kwizikolo ezininzi kweliphondo, izixhobo ezifana neencwadi zolwazi ''(textbooks)'', idesika, izitulo nezinye endingazibalanga. Kwizikolo ezinjalo kunzima kakhulu kotitshala, otitshala kufuneka bakhuphe kubo ezipokothweni ukuncedisa kwezinye iimeko. Eliphondo liqhuba kakubi nakwiziphumo lesi-12 minyaka le, ngoba kaloku abantwana bahamba iiyure eziliqela besiya esikolweni, abanye baya esikolweni bengatyanga ngoba kaloku nendlala yinto egquba ngamandla kweliphondo.</big> <big>iNgcobo ayiyoyodwa idolophu ejongene neengxaki kwezemfundo kweliphondo. Nakwezinye i-Districts ezifana ne'''-OR Tambo district''' kusenzima ukubhala nokufunda ulwimi lwesingesi. Iidolophu ezifana ne:</big> * '''<big>Flagstaff</big>''' * '''<big>Lusikisiki</big>''' * '''<big>Bizana</big>''' * '''<big>Libode</big>''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=6213|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.statssa.gov.za}}</ref> irfzhcrvk8x3j540mrc652jbd799uwj 0 9074 40829 2026-06-12T10:11:31Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Write Article 40829 wikitext text/x-wiki == U'''Sekethwayo Hlalanathi''' ngumfundi ofund eCUT(''Central University of Technology,Freystata''). Uzalelwe e-'''Eastern Cape''' kwidolophi encinci i'''Flagstaff''', ezalwa ngonyaka ka 2002 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngomhla wa-18. Waze wenza amabanga aphantsi akhe e''Ludiwane JSS,'' wawagqibezela eToli SSS eLusikisiki. Uphumelele ibanga leshumi eToli waze wathathwa sisikolo eBloemfontein esibizwa nge CUT. == # u''Hlalanathi'' eCUT wenza izifundo zakho zeDiploma zobuxhakaxhaka balemihla '''iInformation Technology''' ngolwasemzini. Ungumntu othanda iSport kakhulu nozinikezeleyo kwicala lezemidlalo nje iyonke. Ukwangumntu othanda i Content ngokolwasemzini, ukwangumntu oququzelayo kwiiNkundla zokuxhumana(''Facebook, Tik Tok kunye ne Instagram''). ukwanabalendeli bakhe kwi facebook abanga - 49k. Ukwangumntu oneshishini lakhe athi ancede abantwana bebanga leshumi elinesibini ukuzama ukubafunela isikolo kwimfundo ephakamileyo. * Ungumntu ozithobileyo nothanda ukuzonwabela, uyathandwa kakhulu ngabantu ngendlela aziphethe ngayo. e''CUT'' ufika wadibana nabantu bephondolo lakhe apho athe wazibandakanya nombutho wamasiko ngokwesiXhosa. Apho umntu ubefundiswa ngemvela phi yakhe neyakwaXhosa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekethwayo Hlalanathi|url=https://www.facebook.com/sekethwayo.hlalanathi.1/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kuthe ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezintle kule group wonyulwa njengasekela sihlalo wale Group. 0inl3wgkaj4zyhg0nxow4q0e4i9dt9e 40833 40829 2026-06-12T10:25:31Z CharlieSakza2002 16122 Created New Page 40833 wikitext text/x-wiki == U'''Sekethwayo Hlalanathi''' ngumfundi ofunda eCUT(''Central University of Technology,Freystata''). == # Uzalelwe e-'''Eastern Cape''' kwidolophi encinci i'''Flagstaff''', ezalwa ngonyaka ka 2002 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngomhla wa-18. Waze wenza amabanga aphantsi akhe e''Ludiwane JSS,'' wawagqibezela eToli SSS eLusikisiki. Uphumelele ibanga leshumi eToli waze wathathwa sisikolo eBloemfontein esibizwa nge CUT. * u''Hlalanathi'' eCUT wenza izifundo zakho zeDiploma zobuxhakaxhaka balemihla '''iInformation Technology''' ngolwasemzini. Ungumntu othanda iSport kakhulu nozinikezeleyo kwicala lezemidlalo nje iyonke. Ukwangumntu othanda i Content ngokolwasemzini, ukwangumntu oququzelayo kwiiNkundla zokuxhumana(''Facebook, Tik Tok kunye ne Instagram''). ukwanabalendeli bakhe kwi facebook abanga - 49k. Ukwangumntu oneshishini lakhe athi ancede abantwana bebanga leshumi elinesibini ukuzama ukubafunela isikolo kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Uyakuthanda ukonwaba, ungumntu nje ohlale encumile. * Ungumntu ozithobileyo nothanda ukuzonwabela, uyathandwa kakhulu ngabantu ngendlela aziphethe ngayo. e''CUT'' ufika wadibana nabantu bephondolo lakhe apho athe wazibandakanya nombutho wamasiko ngokwesiXhosa. Apho umntu ubefundiswa ngemvela phi yakhe neyakwaXhosa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekethwayo Hlalanathi|url=https://www.facebook.com/sekethwayo.hlalanathi.1/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kuthe ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezintle kule group wonyulwa njengasekela sihlalo wale Group. jxu7r92vq7ue1ozt0k68ucxbqgvdlv1 0 9075 40831 2026-06-12T10:16:30Z Cokotho 16123 Wrote a new article 40831 wikitext text/x-wiki == Abafundi bamaziko emfundo ephezulu bajongene nemicelimingeni eyahlukeneyo kuquka uxinzelelo lwenqondo kunye neminye endingayikhankanyanga. Xa ungumfundi kwidyunivesithi zininzi izinto othi udibane nazo ongaziqhelanga ikakhulukazi xa ungumfundi othe wakhulela kwindawo ezihlelelekileyo. Uye udibane nabantu ngabantu abanye bathetha ezinye ilwimi baphuma kwizizwe ngezizwe. == Ngokuya kuhamba ixesha uye uzibone unonxinzelelo lwenqondo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokungenzi kakuhle kwizifundo zakho, ukufuna ukuphumelela emagqabini ukuze abazali bazingce kwaye babenebhongo ngawe nako kunalo igalelo kuxinzelelo lwenqondo. [[Abantu]] othi udibane nabo nendlela abaziphatha ngayo okanye abenza ngayo izinto banalo igalelo kuwe kwaye lonto ikhokelela ekubeni uzibone nawe ufuna ukufana nabo okanye ufuna ukwenza ngendlela abenza ngayo. * Zikhona indlela zokwehlisa uxinzelelo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uxinzelelo in English. Uxinzelelo Meaning and Translation from Xhosa|url=https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/translate/xhosa-english/j3x0on|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.indifferentlanguages.com|language=en}}</ref> oye uzifumane kwidyunivesithi simahla ukuncedisana nabafundi bakwazi ukulawula oluxinzelelo baye bazfumane benalo, kwaye zifumaneka simahla. Xa ungakwazi ukuzifumana ezindlela kwidyunivesithi yakho uyakwaz ukutsalela umnxeba aboncedo olukhawulezayo ''kulenombolo '''0800 567 567''''' kwaye isimahla ifumaneka maxesha omke '''( 24/7).''' r3i33k50czciwe11mboyhyl1xjbrnl7 0 9078 40835 2026-06-12T10:38:46Z KhanyaMaseti 16117 creating a new article 40835 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Ifeminizimu''' ligama elibhekiselele kwiphulo lokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke ubani unamalungelo afanayo okanye alinganayo. Ifeminizimu ilwa ucalucalulo ngokwesini, ngokwebala nangokulingana. Le sizakugxila kuyo namhlanje ijongene nokuxhobisa abantu baseTyhini ukuquka nabantwana kwaye ijonge ukunqanda ingcinezelo okanye ucalucalulo olujongene nesini. == ''[https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/explainer/what-is-feminism Ifeminizimu]'' igxile ekukhuseleni abantu abangomama<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-10|title=women|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/women|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en}}</ref> ngokuthi ibanike amandla alinganayo namadoda, ikwabavulela amathuba alinganayo emisebenzi kuba khumbula Mlesi ukuba mandulo phaya, abantu baseTyhini babengavumelekanga konke-konke ukuba basebenze ezi ofisini okanye batyelele amakhaya. Owona msebenzi ubujongene nabo kukushiyeka emva ekhaya, belindeleke ukuba bazale rhoqo kwaye bashiyeke nabo bantwana baliwaka ngexa umyeni esebenza emigodini. Aba bafazi bebengenawo amalungelo njengoko bebexhwilwa batshatiswe besebancinci kwaye bengenako ukukuphikisa oku. Le ntshukumo iqale mandulo ngomnyaka u-1913 nalapho amakhosikazi aye khokhela ngu''Charlotte Maxeke''<ref>{{Cite web|last=A|first=Millard, J.|date=1872-1939|title=Maxeke, Charlotte Manye|url=https://dacb.org/stories/southafrica/maxeke-charlotte/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography|language=en}}</ref> ,ngeenjongo zokukhusela abafazi [https://www.gettyimages.hk/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87/black-women-history abaNtsundu] kunye nabantwana phantsi kwengcinezelo ye-''Apartheid''<ref>{{Cite web|title=A history of Apartheid in South Africa {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}</ref>. Emva konyaka u-1994 kwabakho intando yesininzi, uMzantsi Afrika<ref>{{Cite news|title=South Africa {{!}} Flag, Capital, People, Official Languages, Map, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> waba nomnye wemigaqo-siseko ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele ekukhuseleni amalungelo wabafazi nabantwana. Le ntshukumo igxile ekulweni ungcinezelo olusekelwe kwisini(GBV)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gender-based violence|url=https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/protection/gender-based-violence|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=UNHCR|language=en}}</ref>, ukulingana kwemivuzo kunye nokunyuselwa kwamakhozi kwizikhundla zamandla nezoqoqosho. Kukho imibutho emitsha equka i'''WOMEN FOR CHANGE'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women For Change|url=https://womenforchange.co.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-ZA}}</ref> nalapho; * ijongene nabafazi kwaye inqanda ukuhlukunyezwa kwabafazi * nabantwana ngazo zonke iindlela * kwanika iindawo zokuhlala kwabo bangenazo(''ishelter'' ngelasemzini), * ikwanamaphulo ajolise ukuqokelela imali kwabo bakwaziyo ukunikela ngayo ngeenjongo zokuphuhlisa abantu abangoomama, * ixhobise abantu abangomama nabo bahlukumezekileyo * kwaye itshutshise abenzi [[mwod:perpetrator|bobubi]]. Le mibutho inika ithuba kwabo bangenawo [https://www.amandla.org.za/ amandla] okuzimela emadodeni angcolileyo okanye aneenjongo ezikhohlakeleyo. Uninzi loo mama nabantwana baphuncuke emazinywen'engwenya ngenxa yamadoda abathembisa izulu nomhlaba, exoka! Ngelishwa ke abanye bade babulawe ngawo lamadoda bengenamsindisi kuba besoyika ukuba abantu bazakuthini nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kwabo. Usuku lomhla we-9 ka[https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/months/august.html August] e[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] lusuku olujongene nokubhiyoza amakhosikazi [https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-meaning-of/zulu-word-d2cbb54dc26ac9d14634e0a40715dc6c3dd938b2.html weSizwe]. Olu usuku luwonga igalelo elikhulu lwamakhosikazi kumzabalazo wenkululeko, ubulungisa, nokulingana ngokwesini. Kunyanzelekile ke ukuba siwubhiyozele lomhla kuba uninzi lwabantu abangoomama nabantwana ngebengekho apha namhlanje ukuba le ntshukumo azange iqale okanye ngebehlukunyezwa ngamadoda kuba '''angcolile kwaye aneentliziyo ezibolileyo.''' Xa ubona umntwana okanye umntu waseTyhini ''ehlukunyezwa ngokubethwa okanye edlwengulwa,'' '''musa ukuthula'''. Thatha amanyathelo, utsalele abakwa ntsasana okanye imibutho elwela amalungelo abafazi. == '''Masenzeni utshintsho ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abafazi kunye nabantwana bakhuselekile! Thatha INYATHELO NAWE!''' == jju2q5u1ejeqw4366uqiazf0ml5wawi