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Wikipedia:Community Portal
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__NEWSECTIONLINK__
[[/Archive/]] - [[/Archive2/]] - [[/Archive3/]] - [[/Archive4/]] - [[/Archive5/]]
----
* '''xh:''' Izicelo zeflegi yebot kufuneka zenziwe kweli phepha. Le wiki isebenzisa umthetho womgangatho we-bot, kwaye uvumela ii-bot zehlabathi kunye nokugunyaziswa kweentlobo ezithile ze-bot oko kusenzeka ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngumntu. ezinye ii-bots zimelwe kukwenzeka apha ngaphantsi, kuze ke emva koko, [[kucelwe indlela yokufikelela]] kulowo ubekiweyo ukuba abeliliso xa kungekho mpikiswano.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.
== Ingxoxo yababini ==
[[Mahluko:Contributions/~2025-35191-47|~2025-35191-47]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:~2025-35191-47|talk]]) 19:22, 20 Eye Nkanga 2025 (UTC)
:cela ubuza yini i G 20 [[Mahluko:Contributions/~2025-35191-47|~2025-35191-47]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:~2025-35191-47|talk]]) 19:24, 20 Eye Nkanga 2025 (UTC)
== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
Dear Wikimedia communities,
We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.
''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''
In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.
We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.
📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]
If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]
''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''
''Stay connected and receive updates:''
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]
We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.
'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026
Dear Wiki Community,
We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.
The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.
;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.
;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:
* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices
Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.
;How to Sign Up as an Organizer
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:
# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''
;Campaign Tools
The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:
* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.
Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''
;Learn More & Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.
;Join Us
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.
Thank you and best wishes,
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''
----
''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]
[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div></div>
== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,
We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.
;About Wiki Loves Folklore
'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals
* Cultural festivals and celebrations
* Traditional attire and crafts
* Performing arts, music, and dance
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage
Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.
[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]]
; Host a Local Edition
As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture
* Engage new contributors in your community
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content
'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''
If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.
If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.
;Get in Touch
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:
* The project Talk pages
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''
We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.
Warm regards,
'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
</div>
Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 13:21, 18 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].
The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].
Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.
-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
21:02, 19 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
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== Proposals for closing projects ==
Hello,
There is a proposal to closing the project in Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Proposals for closing projects/Closure of Xhosa Wikipedia 3]], you're invited to join the discussion. Thanks, Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 23:13, 1 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC) Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 23:13, 1 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC)
: I '''oppose''' this proposal in principle. The community should decide for itself what quality looks like. Also by own admission the proposer is not a native speaker of the language and has admitted to sub-quality contributions as an attempt to "'''''take over the wiki'''''". --[[Mahluko:Contributions/~2026-15525-52|~2026-15525-52]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:~2026-15525-52|talk]]) 11:31, 11 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC)
== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}
Dear Wikipedians!
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.
The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.
🧩'''How to participate?'''
Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.
🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.
'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''
If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language.
Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge!
[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
</div>
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==
Hello everyone,
This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>).
'''The Change:'''<br />
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]].
We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.
'''What You Need To Do:'''<br />
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.
'''Deadline:'''<br />
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.
Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 17:11, 3 EkaTshazimpuzi 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 00:58, 26 EkaTshazimpuzi 2026 (UTC)
</bdi>
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== Remove African language ==
idk Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 19:39, 20 Inyanga kaCanz... 2026 (UTC)
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].
Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Inyanga kaCanz... 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|inthetho]])</bdi> 17:12, 23 EyeSilimela 2026 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="Message"/>
'''Legal & Safety Contacts'''
Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].
<section end="Message"/>
</div>
-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 EyeSilimela 2026 (UTC)
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== Isixhosa ==
[[Hxmoj😝❤️😁hknm dknlblslspjgk kelcmfkelxkclemclf|Hxmoj😝❤️😁]] Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 16:41, 16 EyeKhala 2026 (UTC)
== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:25, 24 EyeKhala 2026 (UTC)
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I-Habitat (indawo ekuphila kuyo izilwanyana nezityalo)
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[[File:Wild_Boar_Habitat_quadrat.jpg|thumb|I-wild boar kwindawo yayo yesiqhelo ekhulele kuyo. This species was used to domesticate pigs]]
I-'''habitat''' yindawo esikhulele kuyo isilwanyana, isityalo, osohlobo oluthile, okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-[[I-organism|organism]].<ref><span class="citation web">[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/habitat "Habitat"]. </span></ref><ref name="Abercrombie 66"><span class="citation book">Abercrombie, M.; Hickman, C.J.; Johnson, M.L (1966). </span></ref> natural eyindawo enjalo ngokwendalo yayo apho isidalwa sihlala khona, okanye yindawo yendalo ejikeleze uluntu.<ref><span class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140408001945/http://www.fi.edu/tfi/units/life/habitat/habitat.html "Living things: habitats and ecosystems"]. </span></ref>
== Indawo eziphila kuzo izilwanyana ==
Uninzi lwezilwanyana luhlala kuhlobo olunye lwe-environment kuba kuzezona zingqinelana nazo. Sithi zi-'adapted' kwi-environment'. Umzekelo, izilwanyana ezifana namasele, ii-newts, namadada, zinoobhaxa beenyawo ezizinceda zitsho zikwazi ukudada emanzini. Ziziintlobo ngeentlobo ke ii-habitats kwaye zikwaziintlobo-ntlobo iindawo ezikwazi ukuphila kuzo.
Ukuba kuyenzeka itshintshe indawo yazo, ayisayikuzilungela izilwamyana nezityalo ukuba ziphile apho. Ngenxa yokokuba kaloku izilwanyana nezityalo zingayiqhelanga loo ndawo intsha lube nonxulumano phakathi kwazo nale ndawo intsha luluncinane, oku kungabanga amakhwiniba ngamakhwiniba. Ukuguquka kwemozulu ikwenza okokuba ezinye iindawo ezihlala kuyo izilwanyana neentaka zibeshushu,noko kunezo ziziqhelileyo ibe ke iintlobo ntlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana zifudukela kwiindawo ezipholileyo. <ref name="harvey"><span class="citation news">Harvey, Fiona (18 August 2011). </span></ref> Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana azikwazi ukufuduka zitsho ke ngoku zingandi ziye zincipha ngokuncipha. Ingcali zenzululwazi zicinga okokuba 10% yezi ntlobo ekhulwini zingahamba zihambe ziphele ngenxa yolu tshintsho. <ref name="harvey"><span class="citation news">Harvey, Fiona (18 August 2011). </span></ref> Ezinye iindawo zokuhlala izilwanyana nezokukhulela izityalo zilungiselelwe ukuba zihlale efama. Umzekelo ophilayo ngowase-Australia, ama-80% amahlathi e-eucalypt aagawulwa ukuze kwenziwe ifama kwiminyaka engaphaya kwa-210 eminyaka egqithileyo. <ref><span class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160611100259/https://www.savethekoala.com/our-work/land-clearing-koalas "Land Clearing & Koalas"]. </span></ref> Oku kungachaphazela ubukho bamahlathi ekuphila kuwo izilwanyana ezinje nge-koala.
== Plant habitats ==
Kanye njengezilwanyana xa ziqhelene nendawo eziphila kuzo, kunjalo ke nakwityalo. Izityalo ziqhele ukumila zikhule kakuhle kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeendawo. . Kangangokuba, isityalo ngasinye sinnepawu ezithile. Ezinye ziqhele ukuphila emhlabeni, ngeli lixa ezinye ziqhele ukuphila emanzini. Izityalo ezikhula emhlabeni zidla ngokuxhaswa ziziqu eziqinileyo ukuze zikhule kakuhle zibheke phezulu, ngelo xesha ezi zikhula emanzini zidla ngokuba neziqu ezizintswazana nje kuba kaloku zona zixhaswa ngamanzi.
Izityalo ezikhula kwimozulu engani mvula njengase[[Entlango|ntlango]] zinamagqabi ambalwa, angangabikho kwa ukubakho loo magqabi kwezinye izityalo, kwaye angazigcinela amanzi xa imvula ikhe yana. Uqhelana kwazo nomhlaba othile kunciphisa ukungabikho kwamanzi. Izityalo ezikhula kwiindawo ezinomthunzi zinamabhakubhaku amagqabi atsho athi ngokotha ilanga akhongozele imitha yelanga kangoko anakho, okanye akekelele ngaselangeni. <ref>Learn Science workbooks grades 5-6, by Mike Evans and Linda Ellis. p.33</ref>
== Amanye amaphepha anokufundwa ==
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<references /></div>
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[[File:Element 6.webm|thumb|I-Carbon Atom]]
'''I-Carbon''' y[[ikhemikhali]] ebaluleke kakhulu, enecsimboli yekhemikhali '''engu-C'''. Yonke into ephilayo emHlabeni ivela kuyo. I-Carbon inenombolo ye-atomic mass engu-12 kwane-atomic number engu-6. Intsingiselo yayo i-[[I-nonmetal|nonmetal]], into ethetha ukuthi ayiyo-[[I-metal|metal]].
== Ibaluleke ngantoni? ==
I-Carbon, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, [[i-oxygen]], nezinye ii-elements ezifana ne-[[I-sulphur|sulfur]] ne-phosphorus xa zizonke zizo ezenza i-life emhlabeni (jonga i-Organic chemistry noludwe lwee-elements ezibalulekileyo kwi-ologically). I-Carbon yenza inani leorganic compounds elikhulu kakhulu kuba kuba iyakwazi ukwenza unxulumano olumandla nezinye ii-elements. ngenxa yesixa se-carbon esikwizinto eziphefumlayo, zonke ke ngoko zithathwa njengezinto ezibomi bazo busekwe kwi-carbon. Kananjalo, i-carbon atom nganye iyakwazi ukwenza ii-covalent bonds ezine. Ii-carbon atoms ezininzi zixhumana nee-hydrogen atoms ukuze zenze i-[[I-plastiki|plastic]]. Kananjalo, i-Carbon kukuphela kwe-element engenza into efana netyathanga lee-[[I-Molecule|molecules]] elide. Xa i-iron ithe yatshiswa ne-carbon, kwenzeka i-steel esomeleleyo.
== I-Etymology- Imvelaphi yegama ==
Igama le-carbon livela kwisiLatin kwigama elithi ''carbo'', gama elo lithetha ukuthi charcoal. Kwiilwimi ngeelwimi amagama athi carbon, amalatye kunye ne-charcoal azizithetha nto nye.
== Iintlobo ze-carbon ==
Ngokwendalo i-carbon ifumaneka ngeendlela ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-allotropes: i-diamond, i-graphite, kunye ne-fullerenes. I-Graphite, inodongwe, ifumaneka kwii-pensile zokubhala. Ithambe kakhulu. Ii-carbon atoms zenza izazinge kwalapha kuzo, ezi zazinge zibelekene enye esinye siphezu kwesinye kwaye zikekela lula. Ii-dayimani zezona mineral.zendalo eziqine kakhulu. I-Fullerenes zii-carbon ezikumila okwe"bhola [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yesoka]]". Ziyathandwa kakhulu kwi-[[Inzululwazi|science]]. I-allotrope okanye kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo emile ngayo i-carbon kukho le inomahluko, ime okomcu ebizwa ngokuba yi-carbon nanotube. Ii-Carbon nanotubes zomelele kakhulu, ngoko ke zinokusetyenziswa kwi-armor. Ii-Nanotubes zingabaluleka kwi-nanotechnology. Zizizigidi ezili-10 ezaziwa ngokuba zii-carbon compounds.
[[File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png|right|thumb|376x376px|Ezinye izakhiwo ze-carbon: a) idayimani; b) i-graphite; c) i-lonsdaleite; d-f) i-fullerenes (C60, C540, C70); g) i-amorphous carbon; h) i-carbon nanotube.]]
== IKhemestri ye-carbon ==
Lonke uhlobo lweKhemestri, lwe-organic Khemestri, lumalunga ne-carbon kunye nee-compounds zayo. I-Carbon yenza iintlobo ezininzi zee-compounds. ''I-Hydrocarbons'' zii-molecules ezine-carbon kunye ne-hydrogen. I-Methane, i-Propane, nezinye iintlobo ze-fuels okanye zamafutha azii-hydrocarbons. Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu mihla le zizii-organic compounds.
== I-Radiocarbon dating ==
I-radioactive isotope ye-carbon, i-carbon-14, isenokusetyenziswa ukuzama ukubona okokuba ingaba zindala kangakanani na ezinye ii-objects okanye izinto okanye kusetyenziswe yona ukujonga okokuba ife nini na into. Ukuba nje into iphezu komhlaba ikwathatha i-carbon, isixa se-carbon-14 esishiyekayo siyafana. Xa i-object okanye into iyeka ukuthatha i-carbon, isixa se-carbon-14 siyehla. Kuba ''i-halfu-yobomi'' (how long it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to go away) be-carbon 14 ingama-5730 years,<ref name="NaturesBB">{{Cite book}}</ref> ii-scientists zingabona okokuba ingaba into leyo indala kangakanani na ngokuthi zibone okokuba ingakanani na i-carbon 14 eshiyekileyo.
== Ifumaneka phi i-carbon? ==
I-Carbon ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi apha emhlabeni. Yaqala yenziwa kwiinkwenkwezi zakudala. I-Carbon yi-element yesine ukuxhaphaka [[UKat|elangeni.]] <ref name="NaturesBB">{{Cite book}}</ref> Phantse yonke i-atmosphere ye-Mars iyi-Carbon dioxide.<ref name="Webelements">{{Cite web|author=University of Sheffield and Webelements Ltd.|year=2007|title=Chemistry : Periodic Table : carbon : key information|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/key.html|accessdate=2016-10-25|archive-date=2024-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524105448/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/key.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
I-Carbon ibalulekile emzimbeni womntu kunye nezinye [[I-organism|izinto eziphilayo,]] kwaye iyi-element yesibini exhaphakileyo emzimbeni womntu, nge-23% yabo bonke ubunzima bomntu.<ref name="NaturesBB">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ikwa sesona sitshixo see-molecules kwizinto ezinobomi ([[I-Molecule|ii-molecules]] ezisebenza kwizinto eziphilayo).
Uninzi lwe-carbon lufumaneka emHlabeni ngamalahle. I-Graphite yona ifumaneka kwiindawo ezomileyo (ezifana kanye ne[[Entlango|ntlango]]), eziquka i-Sri Lanka, i-Madagascar, kwakunye ne-[[IRashiya|Russia]]. Idayimani inqabile kwaye ifumaneka kakhulu e-Africa. I-Carbon ikwafumaneka kwezinye ii-meteorites.
== Amaphepha azalana nala ==
* Uludwe lwee-elements ezixhaphakileyo
== Imithombo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carbon}}
[[Category:IKhemikhali]]
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'''IYunivesithi yakwaZulu''' okanye '''iUNIZULU''' liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo elibanzi kumntla [[:en:Tugela_River|woMlambo uThukela]] [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|kwiPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala]] [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-01|title=University of Zululand|url=https://www.unizulu.ac.za/|accessdate=2024-04-04|website=University Of Zululand|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714023749/https://www.unizulu.ac.za/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Iyunivesithi iseke intsebenziswano nezikolo zaseUnited States naseYurophu ezifana ne[https://olemiss.edu/ Yunivesithi yaseMississippi], [https://www.radford.edu/ iYunivesithi yaseRadford], [https://www.famu.edu/ iFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical University] kunye [https://www.csu.edu/ neChicago State University] . I-UNIZULU yasekwa ngoncedo lweNkosana yakwaPhindangene, [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi|uMangosuthu Buthelezi]], nokwayingqonyela yeli ziko ngethuba lisekwa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-01|title=University of Zululand|url=https://www.unizulu.ac.za/|accessdate=2024-04-04|website=University Of Zululand|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714023749/https://www.unizulu.ac.za/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>.
== Umlando ==
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'''.za''' ngummandla we-[[I-intanethi|Internet]] [[Ikhowusi yelizwe|wekhowudi yelizwe]] [[I-domain ekwinqanaba eliphezulu|elikwinqanaba eliphezulu]] ([[Ikhowudi yelizwe idomeyini yenqanaba eliphezulu|ccTLD]]) [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]]. I-.za namespace ilawulwa kwaye ilawulwa yi-.za [[ZADNA|Domain Name Authority (ZADNA)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=.za Domain Name Authority|url=https://www.zadna.org.za/|accessdate=2017-06-05|website=www.zadna.org.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055143/https://www.zadna.org.za/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Uninzi lwemimandla ibhaliswe phantsi kwe[[I-domain yenqanaba lesibini|-domain yenqanaba lesibini]] '''.co.za'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=.za Domain Name Authority|url=https://www.zadna.org.za/|accessdate=2017-10-04|website=www.zadna.org.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055143/https://www.zadna.org.za/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
UZA sisishunqulelo segama [[IsiHolani|lesiDatshi]] lelizwe loMzantsi Afrika: ''Zuid-Afrika''.
== Imvelaphi yegama ==
Akukho nalinye kumagama [[Amagama asemthethweni oMzantsi Afrika|asemthethweni oMzantsi Afrika]] anokushunqulelwa u-ZA, esisisishunqulelo se[[IsiHolani|-Dutch]] ''Zuid-Afrika''. IsiDatshi sasigqalwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni [[IManyano yoMzantsi Afrika|kwiManyano yoMzantsi Afrika]] de kwangowe-1961; yaphulukana nemo yayo [[Isithethantonye|yesithethantonye]] [[IsiBhulu|nesiBhulu]] ngo-1983. ''ISuid-Afrika'' lupelo oluqhelekileyo lwesiBhulu, kodwa [[.sa|i-.sa]] domain isetyenziswa [[ISaudi Arabia|yiSaudi Arabia]]. ''I-Zuid-Afrika'' inembali yokusetyenziswa: [[Uluhlu lweekhowudi zobhaliso lwezithuthi zamazwe ngamazwe|ikhowudi yezithuthi yamazwe ngamazwe]] yoMzantsi Afrika ibiyi-"ZA" ukususela ngo-1936. ''I-ZAR'' isebenza njengekhowudi yemali ye[[ISO 4217|-ISO 4217]] [[Irandi yaseMzantsi Afrika|yerandi yaseMzantsi Afrika]]. Izimaphambili [[Uluhlu lwezimaphambili zobhaliso lweenqwelomoya|zokubhaliswa kweenqwelo-moya]] zaseMzantsi Afrika nazo ziqala ngo''-Z''.
== Imimandla yenqanaba lesibini ==
. I-ZA ine-Second Level Domain (SLD) Ulwakhiwo. <ref name="Policies - .za Domain Name Authority">{{Cite web|title=Policies - .za Domain Name Authority|url=https://www.zadna.org.za/content/page/policies/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055156/https://www.zadna.org.za/content/page/policies/|archive-date=2021-05-16|accessdate=2017-07-14|website=www.zadna.org.za|language=en}}</ref>
=== Ivunyiwe ===
* '''.ac.za''': Imibutho yaseMzantsi Afrika yezemfundo namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo
* '''.co.za''': Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabantu baseMzantsi Afrika nabangengabo abaseMzantsi Afrika namaqumrhu.
* '''.edu.za''': Uqeqesho lwemfundo eqhubekayo eMzantsi Afrika kunye neekholeji zabucala.
* '''.gov.za''': Urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika kunye namasebe namaqumrhu akhe.
* '''.law.za''': Iifem zezomthetho zaseMzantsi Afrika.
* '''.mil.za''': [[ISebe lezoKhuselo (Mzantsi Afrika)|iSebe lezoKhuselo loMzantsi Afrika]] kunye namaziko alo.
* '''.net.za''': ikakhulu ilungiselelwe uthungelwano & nababoneleli beziseko ezingundoqo ze-intanethi.
* '''.nom.za''': amagama abantu, hayi imibutho.
* '''.org.za''': ikakhulu isenzela amaqumrhu angashishinayo aseMzantsi Afrika.
* '''.school.za''': zezikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika.
** '''.ecape.school.za''': [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]].
** '''.fs.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|eFree State]].
** '''.gp.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|EGauteng]].
** '''.kzn.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|Kwazulu-Natal]].
** '''.mpm.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|Mpumalanga]].
** '''.cape.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|Northern Cape]].
** '''.lp.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|eLimpopo]].
** '''.nw.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|eMntla Ntshona]].
** '''.wcape.school.za''': [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|eNtshona Koloni]].
* '''.web.za''': Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabemi boMzantsi Afrika kunye nabemi baseMzantsi Afrika.
=== Ndilele ===
* '''.alt.za''': Ababhalisi bembali.
* '''.ngo.za''': yemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente. Ubhaliso olutsha olusalindelweyo .za DNA inkqubo yokubonisana noluntu.
* '''.tm.za''': kwiimpawu [[Uphawu lokuthengisa|zorhwebo]]. Kusamisiwe kulindelwe ukusekwa kwe. ZA DNA.
=== Yabucala ===
* '''.agric.za''' : ARC & Company.
* '''.grondar.za''' : Mark RV Murray.
* '''.nis.za''' : IiNkqubo zoLwazi lweNethiwekhi.
=== Ngaphambili (icinyiwe) ===
[[ZADNA|I-ZADNA]] isuse iqela lemimandla kwi-.za nge-7 Agasti 2009:<ref>{{Cite web|title=.za Domain Name Authority|url=http://www.zadna.org.za/documents/Announcement_of_removal_of_listed_dormant_domains_from_za_zonefile.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114033647/http://www.zadna.org.za/documents/Announcement_of_removal_of_listed_dormant_domains_from_za_zonefile.pdf|archive-date=2012-01-14|accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
* '''.bourse.za''': kuzo zonke iinkampani ezidweliswe kwi[[JSE Securities Exchange|-JSE Securities Exchange]].
* '''.city.za''': yoorhulumente bakamasipala.
* '''.cybernet.za''': Utyalo-mali lwaPhakathi Abahlanu cc.
* '''.db.za''': [[Iimayini zegolide|De Beers]].
* '''.iaccess.za''': Compustat.
* '''.imt.za''': Iziko lobuChwepheshe baseLwandle.
* '''.inca.za''': Umsebenzi we-Intanethi eKapa.
* '''.landesign.za''': Lan Design (ayisasekho).
* '''.olivetti.za''': [[Olivetti]] /Mark Elkins.
* '''.pix.za''': Proxima Information Exchange.
== Amanani ==
Okwangoku malunga ne-29.39% ye-intanethi ye-.za inikezelwa ngeprothokholi ye-HTTPS ekhuselweyo, kunye ne[[Let's Encrypt|-Let's Encrypt]] Authority X3 isesona satifikethi sidumileyo se-SSL. I-Apache yeyona web server idumileyo, isebenzisa i-66.56% ye-.za domains, ilandelwa yi-Microsoft-IIS enceda i-11.60% yetotali ye-.za domains.<ref name=":0" /> Oyena unobumba wokuqala oxhaphakileyo kumagama edomeyini ngu-"c", kunye ne-10.76% ye-.za yemimandla eqala ngolu hlobo.<ref name=":0" />
== Bona kwakho ==
* [[.africa]] indawo emiselwe ngokusemthethweni yenqanaba eliphezulu (TLD) yemimandla [[I-Afrika|yase-Afrika]] neye[[I-Pan-Africanism|Pan African]]
== Iimbekiselo ==
<references />
{{Reflist}}
== Amakhonkco angaphandle ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110423194546/http://zadna.org.za/ Iwebhusayithi yeZADNA]
* [https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/za.htm IANA .za whois ulwazi]
[[Uluhlu:Iipropati ze-Intanethi zisekwe ngo-1990]]
[[Uluhlu:I-Intanethi eMzantsi Afrika]]
[[Uluhlu:Ikhowudi yelizwe imimandla yomgangatho ophezulu]]
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UMadlanga wazalwa ngo 1962 kwilali yaseNjijini, [[KwaBhaca|eMount Frere]], kusapho lwamaHlubi . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-05-10|title=Current Judges - Justice Madlanga|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justicemadlanga/index1.html|accessdate=2014-05-10|website=Constitutional Court of South Africa|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210355/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justicemadlanga/index1.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=18 January 2012|title=Constitutional Court Oral History Project: Mbuyiseli Madlanga|url=http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AG3368/AG3368-M46-001-jpeg.pdf}}</ref> Wafunda kwiSikolo esiphakamileyo iMariazell, [[Matatiele|eMatatiele]] . <ref name=":1" /> Uyise wakhe, owayengutitshala, wamkhuthaza ukuba afake isicelo sengxaso-mali yokufunda umthetho kwiYunivesithi [[EUNITRA|yaseTranskei]], apho wagqiba khona iBJuris ngo 1981, kwimeko eyayikhula ngenxa yokungazinzi koluntu. <ref name=":1" /> Kunyaka wakhe wokugqibela waqala ukusebenza kwiofisi kamantyi, nangona wayengumhlobo osondeleyo namatsha ntliziyo [[African National Congress|eAfrican National Congress]] awayephandwa ngoogxa bakhe. <ref name=":1" />
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'''iNgunduza''' yilali ekwiDolophu yaku[[UCentane|Centane]], ekufutshane neDolophu iGcuwa, phantsi koMnquma Municipality.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – Mnquma Local Municipality|url=https://www.mnquma.gov.za/about/|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717215851/https://www.mnquma.gov.za/about/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Isecaleni kwendlela eya eMazeppa Bay edlula kwisibhedlela iTafalofefe.
[[Ngokweenkcukacha:Wood table.jpg|thumb|iTafile eyenziwe ngomthi]]
== Imbali ==
iNgunduza yaziwa ngelitye lesikhumbuzo seMfazwe yakudala eyayibizwa uMzintzani ngoDecember, 1877, engakwivenkile ebizwa Ngunduza<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCleland|first=Dean|date=2019-07-26|title=Port Elizabeth of Yore: Prince Alfred’s Guards Baptism of Fire|url=https://thecasualobserver.co.za/port-elizabeth-of-yore-prince-alfreds-guards-baptism-of-fire/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=The Casual Observer|language=en-ZA}}</ref>.
== Uphuhliso ==
iNgunduza ibalasele ngokubanezinto zilandelayo: isikolo [https://schoolsdigest.co.za/listings/ngunduza-junior-secondary-school/ Ngunduza Junior Secondary School] kunye nehlathi iNgunduza.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-22|title=Ngunduza Junior Secondary School Fees and Contacts - School Hive|url=https://schoolhive.co.za/listing/ngunduza-junior-secondary-school-fees-and-contacts/|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ihlathi laseNgunduza, kunyaka 2025, liye lanikezelwa nguMinister wezaMahlathi kubahlali [https://www.forestsectorchartercouncil.co.za/hubfs/Annual%20Report%202024-25.pdf?hsLang=en-za ngokweCommunity Forestry Agreement (CFAs)]. Elihlathi linemithi yokwenza amaplanga, ukwakha izindlu neentlanti zasemakhaya, ukunceda ekubaseni kunye neenkuni zokupheka ukutya, nezinye.
== Imithombo yolwazi ==
<references />
[[Uluhlu:Ilali]]
[[Uluhlu:Amahlathi]]
[[Uluhlu:Amahlathi AkuCentane]]
[[Uluhlu:IiLali zakuCentane]]
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Intambo enkulu yekhaya enxulumene negqirha
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[[Ngokweenkcukacha:Intambo enkulu yekhaya.jpg|thumb]]
'''Intambo enkulu''' yekhaya yinkqubo ehambelana neenkqubo zolwazi lwemveli eziphantsi kwamasiko nezithethe kumzi kaXhosa.
== Intambo enkulu yekhaya ==
Intambo enkulu yekhaya kumaXhosa ayivamanga singathi lisiko elinxulumene nezinyanya, kuba ayenziwa nangubani na koko iyathongwa maxa wambi kwabanye, ivele ngeempawu ezithile kulowo uthonga izinto zekhaya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intambo Archives|url=https://iafrika.org/xh/tag/intambo/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=iAfrika - isiXhosa|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2026-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260718090445/https://iafrika.org/xh/tag/intambo/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ivame ikakhulu kwiintombi ngoko ke, sinako ukuthi lisiko lentombi kwisiduko esithile. Abanye ke xa beyibiza bathi sisiyaca kushiyana ngokweziphaluka kwitlalo kaXhosa. Inkqubo yesiyaca yahlukile nto leyo ibangela sibeke umnwe xa sisithi yenzeka kwisiduko esithile ngehlobo elithile. Ukucacisa oku kukho intambo enxulumene negqoirha, ithi ke lonto noxa iqhutywa ngabantu bekhaya koko kukhokhela igqirha lilo elithi makwenziwe okuthile yaye neentambo le ngenkqu iyohluka ibenentsimbi ethile. Oku ke kuyaxhomekeka ngokokuthonga kwentombi hleze enye kufuneka ivumeukufa ithi ke lonto igqirha liza kufaka intlombe ekhayeni maxa wambi enye igqirha liyikhokhela ngokuboniswa zizinyanya kungabikho mfuneko yokufaka ntlombe kodwa likhokhele ngenxa yokuba kufuneka lifake lantsimbi ithile. Ngamanye amaxesha isiyaca sikhokhelwa ngabantu bekhaya kwisiduko esithile, kungabikho mfuneko yegqirha. Isiyaca senziwe ngooDadobawo bentombi. Lo mcimbi ke izinto eziphambili ezithi zisetyenziswe yinkcamazana (ibhoxwe) namanzi wayo (umqombothi). <ref>{{Cite web|title=ibhokhwe in English - Xhosa-English Dictionary {{!}} Glosbe|url=https://glosbe.com/xh/en/ibhokhwe|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=glosbe.com|language=en}}</ref> Eli phepha ligxile kwintambo enkulu enxulumene negqirha koko lingaqhubi ntlombe ethi kelonto intombi ingavumi kufa.
== Amanqanaba esiyaca esikhokhelwe ligqirha ngaphandle kwentlombe ediza imvuma kufa ==
Inqanaba lokuqala kwisiyaca esikhokhelwe ligqirha singaqala ngokuzekelisa sithi umcimbi lowo uqala ngolwesithathu uphele ngomgqibelo, kula lwesithathu igqirha liyafika kwikhaya elo libekwe endaweni yalo landule umsebenzi walo wokuqala wokufukamisa umnini ntambo. Le nkqubo igqirha livame ukuyiqala ngorhatya lwemivundla apho intombi izakusiwa emlanjeni iyohlanjwa ngamanzi omlambo ahambayo yandulo ukuhlanjwa ngesilawu sekhaya, ibuyiswe ngongcwalazi ifikiele kwindlu enkulu yekhaya apho izakubekwa khona ilale iphululwe zizihlwele zakowayo ileli yodwa jwi. Kwakusa kwisuku langolwesine ivuswe ligqirha elo ikhululwe emini ihlale nabantu bekhaya nayo ibeyingxenye yabantu abaqukezayo kwale xa limpondo zankomo igqirha likhokhele amathile angene edlini enkulu apho kuqalwa khona kuthethwe nezinyanya zekhaya kuchazwe inkqubo yendibano kwesosiduko kuxelwe nosingaye, ithi ke lonto kuxelwe umcimbi lowo kuqala ke inkonde yekhaya ephatha intonga yekhaya(umkhonto) kutshiswe nempepho kulayitwe namakhandlela, elo ke liholo lengxelo kuxhunyanswa nezinyanya zisondezwa zibeyingxenye yenkqubo yomcimbi. Inqanaba lesibini kuxa kuphunywa endlini enkulu kusingwe esibayeni(emaxhantini) apho kuye kumiwe phambi kwesango kuphindwe kuthethwe nezinyanya kucanyagushwa kuthetha kwakhona intloko okanye umntu ophatha umkhonto engeyedwa encediswa nangamawabo uyoqhina kwintombi ezindala zekhaya. Ekucamagusheni kwamathile awayishiyi inkxelo ebaluleke ngamandla yezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuqhuba umsebenzi, uyakuva amathile esithi "ikhona inkabi yebhokhwe ezakuqhuba lomsebenzi yaye inawo namanzi wayo wokuthoba phaya endlini enkulu" ngalondlela kukunxulumanisa izinyanya nabo bantu benyama bahambe nabo kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Inqanaba lesithathu kuxa kusiyiwa kwinkcamazane(Ibhoxwe) phambi kokuba inkokheli yekhaya iye kuyo kuvame ukuqaliswa ibhekile enesilawu sekhaya kuthanjiswe induku yekhaya(umkhonto) nayo inkcamazana ingcamliswe isilawu yandule ukungqengqiswa ukuze inkokheli iye kuyo. Ithi yakhukhala ekubeni ihlatyiwe ikhale amathile athi "camagu" iyindlela ebonakalisa ukubulela abalele ukuthula izinyanya nekukholeleka ukuba yakukhala inkcamazana kuvume nabo kwilizwe lakwamoya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-05|title=Camagu! African spirituality depiction in the movie “Black Panther” – vukadarkie.com|url=https://www.vukadarkie.com/camagu-african-spirituality-depiction-in-the-movie-black-panther/|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2025-07-07|title=Meaning of the name Camagu|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/names/camagu|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=www.wisdomlib.org|language=en}}</ref> Ithi ke yakuhlinzwa kumkhono wasekunene kukhutshwe umshwamo ugalelwe inyongo wojiwe usiwe kumnini ntambo awutye yedwa. Amathile ke akhuphe iinyama ezithile zokoja kuphekwe nombilini izipheko zibe ngemini elandlelayo ithathwe nefele layo iyobekwa endlini enkulu kwakugqitywa umnini wayo ayolala ezantsi okanye ecaleni kwayo. Ngelixa kugqitywa izojo ibhekile yomqombothi ikho ehambahambayo kubantu bekhaya phakathi ebuhlanti ze kuthi kwakuphunya kusingwe endlini enkulu apho kuzakuthotywa izojo ngalaa manzi bekuthethwe ngawo angumqombothi ke neziselo zakwamlungu ibhotile yesabhlanti nalapho umyinge ulawulw ligqirha. Kulalwa apho ngamathile kulondlu inkulu kudityenwe neentombi zawo. Kuwo wonke ke lomcimbi unolali ukhona naye kwaye uyalinikwa ithuba lokungenelela ahlomle angqine umcimbi ngelo ke kwenziwa isithethe ngamathile.
Ngosuku lolwesihlanu lusuku lwezipheko apho kuzakuphekwa inkcamazane leyo nalapho kuye kushiywe ummiso. Ummiso ngulaa mkhono bekukhutshwe umshwamo kuwo. Kuye kushiyane ke imizi kwisiduko ngasinye kweminye uphekwa wodwa ummiso kwimbiza yawo kweminye udityaniswe nenye uphawulwe noba uhlonywe icingo ukuze ubonakale naxasele ivuthiwe inyama. Kusuku lokugqibela ngomgqibelo kuxa kuthotywa ingcaza kulapho kuhlala abantu besosiduko kuphela endlini enkulu kuthathwe laa bhekile yayikhiwe yabekwa bucala mhla utywala bugqitywa kuhluzwa iye ikhatshwe yibhotile yesabhlanti neswiti necuba lesiXhosa ingqatsi. Ngalomhla negqirha lilungisa imithwalo yalo nalo likhatshwe livame linikwe umphako walo noxa singazungena nzulu kubucukubhede bemfanelo zamagqirha xa esenza umsebenzi.
== Uqukumbelo ==
Intambo enkulu yekhaya yinkqubo eqhutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nangabantu abohlukeneyo noxa kusenziwa into efanayo kwisiduko zakwaXhosa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=mxhosa|date=2014-08-02|title=Iziduko|url=https://iziduko.wordpress.com/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=Iziduko|language=en}}</ref> Igqirha libakho xa kubonakele ukuba lilo elifaneleke lichophele umcimbi waxa wambi ibe ngumnini ntambo ngenkqu othonga amagqirha kwakuthathwa iintonga kusatyelwe kuthi kanti ngenene kunjalo. Ikwalisiko elinxulumene nzulu nezinyanya. <ref>{{Cite web|last=DSAE|first=Dictionary Unit for South African English|title=izinyanya, pl._n. Meaning, origin, related words {{!}} Dictionary of South African English|url=https://dsae.co.za/entry/izinyanya/e03409|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=dsae.co.za|language=en-za}}</ref>
== '''Imithombo yolwazi''' ==
<references />
[[Uluhlu:Ubugqirha]]
[[Uluhlu:IsiNtu]]
[[Uluhlu:Amasiko]]
[[Uluhlu:Izithethe zakwaNtu]]
[[Uluhlu:Iziduko]]
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Uthango lomthi kunye nendlela yothuli
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'''Uthango lomthi''' yimigca yezihlahla ezincinci okanye imithi emincinci etyaliweyo yaze yagcinwa ukwenza uphawu lomda, okanye isikhuseli somoya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=umuNga - Imithi - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/buffalo-thorn.html|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref>
== Uthango lomthi ==
Imida yezityalo ifumaneka kwiigadi, kwiindawo zokulima kwaye kudala isetyenziswa usukela kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Isebenza njengezinye indlela zokusetyenziswa ukhusela umoya ezifana nocingo okanye [[udonga]].
[[Ngokweenkcukacha:Hedge and dusty path.jpg|thumb|Uthango lomthi ecaleni kwendlela yothuli]]
== Inckazelo ==
Uthango lomthi luqhele ukwenziwa ngezityalo zomga eziqinileyo ezilungelelaniswe ukuba zikhule zixinene, kwaye zihlala zixhaswa ziipali zomthi kunye nocingo ukuze umthi uhlale uthe tye kwaye zikhuthazeke ukukhula zisiya phambili. Ekuhambeni kwexesha amasebe namagqabi azivala izikhewu kwakheke umqobo oluhlaza oqhubekekayo. Ezi zityalo zihlaza zithenwa ukuze zigcine ukuphakama kunye nemilo efanayo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=All About Hedgerows: Why They Help Wildlife and How to Plant Them|url=https://xerces.org/blog/all-about-hedgerows-why-they-help-wildlife-and-how-to-plant-them|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=Xerces Society|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hedges - What is a Hedge? {{!}} Better Planet Education|url=https://betterplaneteducation.org.uk/factsheets/hedges-what-is-a-hedge|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=betterplaneteducation.org.uk|language=en}}</ref>
== Ukusetyenziswa ==
Uthango lomthi luneenjongo ezininzi eziluncedo:
. Ukusetyenziswa komda - ukuchaza umda wepropati okanye wentsimi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-11|title=Definition of BOUNDARY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boundary|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref>
. Imfihlo nokuthintela ukubonwa - ukuvala indlela yokubona egadini okanye kwintendelezo <ref>{{Cite web|last=Balance|first=Eco|date=2014-06-11|title=Small Garden Ideas: Landscape Design Must Have Privacy Screening|url=https://ecobalance.co.za/small-garden-ideas-landscape-design-must-have-privacy-screening/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=Eco Balance|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516083352/https://ecobalance.co.za/small-garden-ideas-landscape-design-must-have-privacy-screening/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
. Izithinteli moya - ukunciphisa isantya somoya ukukhusela izityalo okanye iindawo zangaphandle <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-26|title=Importance of Windbreaks - ERuDeF|url=https://erudef.org/importance-of-windbreaks/|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref>
. Indawo yokuhlala - ukubonelela ngeendawo zokuzimela nokutya kweentaka, izinambuzane kunye nezilwanyane ezincinci. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Boundary Planting {{!}} CCARDESA|url=https://www.ccardesa.org/boundary-planting|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=www.ccardesa.org}}</ref>
Uthango lwemithi kunye neendlela
Uthango lwemithi ihleli ityalwa ecaleni kwendlela, apho zinceda ekuchazeni indlela ngelixa zahlula umhlaba odibeneyo. Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nasedolophini, indlela yomhlaba okanye yegrabile ehamba ecaleni kothango lomthi yinto eqhelekileyo ephawula umda phakathi komhlaba olinyiwe okanye ogciniweyo kunye nendawo evulekileyo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clark|first=Katherine|last2=Mauchline|first2=Alice|last3=Blanusa|first3=Tijana|last4=Felton|first4=Michelle|last5=Potts|first5=Simon|last6=Garratt|first6=M.|date=2025-08-29|title=The multiple benefits delivered by hedgerows: Where is the evidence and does it meet current knowledge needs?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395029633_The_multiple_benefits_delivered_by_hedgerows_Where_is_the_evidence_and_does_it_meet_current_knowledge_needs|journal=People and Nature|volume=7|pages=2437–2450|doi=10.1002/pan3.70114}}</ref>
== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
<references />
[[Uluhlu:Ukubaluleka komga nendlela]]
[[Uluhlu:Ugcino oluhle lothango lwemithi]]
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Indalo kwisixeko sabangcwele
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'''Indalo''' kwisixeko sabangcwele
Ngenene nangenyaninso indalo yenye yezinto ezibalulekuleyo ebantwini ngehlobo lokuba indalo isinika ukutya, amanzi , umoya kwaye inegalelo elikhulu kwezoqoqosho lwelizwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why it's important that we value nature {{!}} WWF|url=https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/valuing-nature|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=www.wwf.org.uk|language=en}}</ref> .Ingakumbi kubantu abamnyama ngehlobo lokuba kudala abantu abantsundu basithi ukuze bangabulawa yindlala bafumane ukutya okunesondlo kwindalo. Izinto ezifana nemifuno, amakhaphetshu, iziqhamo zasehlathini njalo njalo.
== Yintoni indalo? ==
[[Ngokweenkcukacha:The City of Saints.jpg|thumb|The City of Saints]]
[[Indalo]] ichazwa ngokuba zizinto zehlabathi kunye nezinto ezenzekayo kulo<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-07-15|title=Nature|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nature&oldid=1364191934|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>. Apha kwesisixeko, ngokwasemfanekisweni sibona isibhabhaka. Lo mfanekiso ubonakalisa ukuphila kwesisixeko, kubonakala ngokuba imithi iluhlaza, isibhakabhaka sihle kwaye sitsala umdla.
== Isixeko sabangcwele ==
I-Makhanda sesinye sezixeko zase[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Mpuma Koloni]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern Cape Provincial Government of the Republic of South Africa|url=http://www.ecprov.gov.za/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=www.ecprov.gov.za}}</ref>. Esi sixeko saziwa ngokuba sisixeko sabangcwele loonto ethetha ukuba '[[City of Saints]]' ngabula makhumsha. Eyona nto yaye yenza esi sixeko kuthwa sisixeko sabangwele yayikukuba iyenye yeendawo eneenkonzo [https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/grahamstown-a-town-of-artistic-and-academic-expression ezingapha] kwamashumi amane kwaye ikwanayo nenye yeedyunivesithi eziphambili. Yiyo loonto eligama lithi 'isixeko sabangcwele' saaye sancamathela.
== Ukubaluleka kwendalo(Makhanda) ==
I[[Makhanda (Nxele)|Makhanda]] yindawo engqongwe yindalo, nditsho ukusukela emithini, iinduli , amawa, amahlathi<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=Follow the Eastern Cape’s plant signals {{!}} Veld & Flora|url=https://botanicalsociety.org.za/follow-the-eastern-capes-plant-signals/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=botanicalsociety.org.za|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010162425/https://botanicalsociety.org.za/follow-the-eastern-capes-plant-signals/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> amancici njalo njalo. Loonto ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba bantu baye bafumane ilixa lokuba umntu afunde banzi ngendalo nokubaluleka kwayo , sikwafumana nemimoya epholileyo kwaye esempilweni , nto leyo ethetha ukuba abantu bakwesisixeko babasemandleni , empilweni kwaye mancinci amathuba okuba umntu abenokugula okubhekisele emiphungeni okanye ekuphefumleni komntu.
== Imithombo yolwazi ==
<references />
[[Uluhlu:Indalo]]
[[Uluhlu:Imithi]]
[[Uluhlu:Isibhakabhaka]]
[[Uluhlu:Makhanda]]
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Ukusetyenziswa kwemidiya luluntu
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[[Ngokweenkcukacha:Social media collection 2020s.png|thumb|izixhobo zosuku lonke]]
'''Imbali''' yemidiyayaqala kudala, yaqala xa abantu befumana ulwazi ngamaphephandaba, nomathotholo, kunye nomabonakude. Ezindlela zazisetyenziswa kakhulu ukusasaza indaba, imfundo, kunye nokuzonwabisa kuluntu. Ekukuhambeni kwexesha kunye nobugcisa ne-intanethi kwakhokela ekukhuleni kwemidiya. Kwaye kwabakho amaqonga afana noTwitter, Whatsapp, kunye noYouTube zatshintsha indlela abantu abafumana ngayo ulwazi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-25|title=Evolving Media Consumption Patterns: From traditional to fragmented and on-demand|url=https://www.eighty20.co.za/evolving-media-consumption-patterns-from-traditional-to-fragmented-and-on-demand/|accessdate=2026-07-17|website=Eighty20|language=en-US}}</ref>.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemidiya yinto ebalulekileyo kulutsha lanamhlanje. Uluntu namhlanje alukwazi uphila ngaphandle kwemidiya ngoba kulapho abantu bafumana khona ulwazi, banxibelelane, kwaye bazivise kamnandi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-10-22|title=The Vital Functions and Importance of Media in Society • PubAdmin.Institute|url=https://pubadmin.institute/psychology-and-media/vital-functions-importance-media-society|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717210845/https://pubadmin.institute/psychology-and-media/vital-functions-importance-media-society|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Kukho amaqonga afana noWhtsapp, TikTok, Facebook, kunye noYouTube. Kwimihla esikuyo abantu abakwazi uphila ngaphandle kwemidiya, lonto ibangelwa kukuphhliswa kweteknoloji rhoqo. Abantu abaninzi abasakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle konomathotholo babo ngenxa yemidiya.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemidiya rhoqo luye lwenza utshintsho olukhulu olufana nokuba abantu baziyeke indlela zakudala zokufumana ulwazi okanye bazivise kamnandi. Kudala kwakusetyenziswa oomabonakude kunye namaphephandaba ukufumana ulwazi nokuzivisa kamnandi. Abantu bangoku ingakumbi ulutsha alusenalo ixesha lezonto, abantu bakhathelele imidiya kuphela . Ababukeli bonomabonakude bambalwa kakhulu, abantu bakhetha ukubukela inkqubo ezithile kwi intanethi.
== Imithombo wolwazi ==
[[Uluhlu:Amajelo onxibelelwano]]
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