Burundi

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      <text bytes="7149" sha1="33x8v9smavf631pvejg8wcepf2mqr1j" xml:space="preserve">'''Burundi''' ,  ), ngokusemthethweni '''iRiphabhlikhi yaseBurundi''' (      ; IsiSwahili : ''IJamuhuri yaseBurundi'' ; [[Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi|IsiFrentshi]] : ''République du Burundi''  ), lilizwe elivaliweyo kwiNtlambo enguMwonyo eNkulu ekudibaneni kommandla wamaChibi Amakhulu aseAfrika kunye neMpuma Afrika . Umda weRwanda ngasemantla, [[iTanzania]] ngasempuma nasemzantsi-mpuma, kunye neDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngasentshona; ILake Tanganyika ilele kumda wayo osemazantsi-ntshona. Izixeko ezingamakomkhulu yiGitega kunye neBujumbura, esona sixeko sikhulu selizwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;capital-change&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loi n°1/04 du 04 février 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi|url=https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2019/02/13/loi-n104-du-04-fevrier-2019-portant-fixation-de-la-capitale-politique-et-de-la-capitale-economique-du-burundi/|accessdate=24 February 2019|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103031/https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2019/02/13/loi-n104-du-04-fevrier-2019-portant-fixation-de-la-capitale-politique-et-de-la-capitale-economique-du-burundi/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AmaTwa, amaHutu namaTutsi aye ahlala eBurundi ubuncinane iminyaka engama-500. Ngaphezu kwama-200 aloo minyaka, iBurundi yayibubukumkani obuzimeleyo, de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa yaba lithanga laseJamani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Strizek|first=Helmut|title=Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft|url=https://archive.org/details/geschenktekoloni0000stri|publisher=Ch. Links Verlag|year=2006|isbn=978-3861533900|location=Berlin|trans-title=Donated colonies: Rwanda and Burundi under German rule}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweJamani, i- League of Nations &quot;yayalela&quot; indawo eBelgium. Emva kweMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi, oku kwaguquka kwaba yiNgxowa-mali [[Izizwe ezimanyeneyo|yeZizwe eziManyeneyo]] . Omabini amaJamani namaBelgian alawula iBurundi neRwanda njengethanga laseYurophu elaziwa ngokuba yiRuanda-Urundi .  IBurundi neRwanda azizange zibe phantsi kolawulo olufanayo de kwalixesha lobuthanga baseYurophu eAfrika. &lt;ref name=&quot;EBArchived&quot; /&gt;

IBurundi yafumana inkululeko ngo-1962 kwaye ekuqaleni yayinobukhosi, kodwa uthotho lokubulala, ukubhukuqa kunye nemozulu jikelele yokungazinzi kwengingqi yafikelela incopho ekusekweni kweriphabliki kunye nelizwe elinye ngo-1966. Iziganeko zokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ekugqibeleni kwaneemfazwe ezimbini zamakhaya nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngeminyaka yee -1970 nangeminyaka yee -1990 kwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangamakhulu amawaka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uqoqosho lungabi nankqubela yaye abemi bangabona bangamahlwempu ehlabathini . &lt;ref name=&quot;xlix&quot;&gt;[[Burundi#Eggers|Eggers]], p. xlix.&lt;/ref&gt; Kunyaka ka-2015 kukho ukruthakruthwano olukhulu lwezopolitiko njengoko umongameli uPierre Nkurunziza wakhetha ukungenela isihlandlo sesithathu, iinzame zokubhukuqa aziphumelelanga kwaye unyulo lwepalamente nomongameli welizwe lwagxekwa ngokubanzi ngamalungu oluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ilizwe elizimeleyo lenkqubo yezopolitiko yaseBurundi lelo lommeli womongameli weriphabliki yedemokhrasi esekwe phezu kwelizwe elinamaqela ngamaqela. Umongameli waseBurundi yintloko yelizwe kunye nentloko karhulumente . Ngoku kukho amaqela angama-21 abhalisiweyo eBurundi . &lt;ref name=&quot;state&quot;&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm Background Note: Burundi]. &lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhla we-13 kweyoKwindla ka-1992, inkokeli yobhukuqo-mbuso yamaTutsi uPierre Buyoya waseka umgaqo-siseko, &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Burundi|url=http://www.ictj.org/en/where/region1/512.html|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617232030/http://www.ictj.org/en/where/region1/512.html|archive-date=17 June 2009|accessdate=27 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; owawubonelela ngenkqubo yamaqela amaninzi ezopolitiko kwaye ubonakalisa ukhuphiswano lwamaqela amaninzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;PH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Burundi – Politics|url=http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/BI/politics.html|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105115403/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/BI/politics.html|archive-date=5 January 2009|accessdate=21 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva koko, ngomhla wesi-6 kuJuni ka-1998, umgaqo-siseko watshintshwa, wandiswa izihlalo zeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho kwaye wenza amalungiselelo oosekela-mongameli ababini. Ngenxa yeSivumelwano sase-Arusha, iBurundi yamisela urhulumente wethutyana ngowama-2000 &lt;ref name=&quot;unburundi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2004|title=Republic of Burundi: Public Administration Country Profile|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023253.pdf|url-status=live|journal=United Nations' Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)|pages=5–7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001231041/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023253.pdf|archive-date=1 October 2008|access-date=20 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-Oktobha 2016, iBurundi yazisa i-UN ngenjongo yayo yokuhoxisa kwiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Burundi Officially Informs UN of Intent to Leave ICC|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/burundi-icc-withdrawal/3568311.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125110448/http://www.voanews.com/a/burundi-icc-withdrawal/3568311.html|archive-date=25 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Burundi ihleli ikakhulu iluluntu lwasemaphandleni, kunye ne-13.4% kuphela yabemi abahlala ezidolophini ngo-2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ CIA – The World Factbook – Burundi] [[CIA]].&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuxinana kwabantu malunga nama-315 abantu ngekhilomitha nganye yesikwere (753 nge sq&amp;nbsp;mi) lelesibini ngobukhulu kwi -Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan . &lt;ref name=&quot;state&quot;/&gt; Malunga nama-85% abemi bangamaHutu, i-15% ngamaTutsi, yaye ngaphantsi kwe-1% ngabemi bomthonyama bamaTwa . &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;&gt;[[Burundi#Eggers|Eggers]], p. ix.&lt;/ref&gt; Iilwimi ezisemthethweni zaseBurundi sisiKirundi, [[Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi|isiFrentshi]], kunye [[IsiNgesi|nesiNgesi]], isiKirundi samkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi olulodwa lwesizwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Maurer|first=Sous la direction de Bruno|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;q=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;pg=PA104|title=Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26–27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France|date=1 October 2016|publisher=Archives contemporaines|isbn=9782813001955|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203233/https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA104&amp;ots=tFzjIGhvwU&amp;dq=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;hl=ru&amp;pg=PA104|archive-date=10 April 2018|url-status=live|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Category:Amazwe]]</text>
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'''Itolofiya''' sisiqhamo esincinci nesityiwayo esithi sikhule kumthi oye afumaneke kakhulu ehlathini. Imithi yetolofiya ikhula kwiindawo ezomileyo kwaye nezinamathuba amancinci okufumana imvula. Imimandla eyomileyo kwindawo ephakathi yaseMexico inezona ntlobo zahlukeneyo zemfuza yeetolofiya ehlabathini, kunye nommandla omkhulu kunayo yonke otyalwe itolofiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Pimienta-Barrios|first=E.|date=1994-09|title=Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.): A valuable fruit crop for the semi-arid lands of Mexico|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196305800163|journal=Journal of Arid Environments|language=en|volume=28|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/S0140-1963(05)80016-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanjengoko ezinye izityalo zingenako ukumelana nokuhlala emanzini, umthi wetolofiya ukhula kwindawo enomhlaba onakho ukukhupha amanzi uwase ngaphezu komhlaba. 

== '''Imvelaphi''' ==
Itolofiya eyaziwa njenge Opuntia ficu-indica (L.) Mill ivela eMexico, kodwa ngoku seyisasazekele kakhulu kweezinye iindawo ezifana ne Afrika, i-Australia, kunye nommandla weMeditera ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezimnandi ezifana nevumba kunye nencasa. Isuka kusapho lweCactacease oluquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe 1500 ze-cactus&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Albuquerque|first=Tânia Gonçalves|last2=Pereira|first2=Paula|last3=Silva|first3=Mafalda Alexandra|last4=Vicente|first4=Filipa|last5=Ramalho|first5=Renata|last6=Costa|first6=Helena S.|date=2020|title=Prickly pear|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128127803000441|journal=Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables|language=en|publisher=Elsevier|pages=709–728|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-812780-3.00044-1|isbn=978-0-12-812780-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Inkcazelo''' ==
Umthi wetolofiya unamacwecwe asicaba athi ikhule isiqhamo esimile ngathi liqanda. 

Ngenxa yezibonelo zayo zesondlo; ayisetyenzisewa njengokutya kuphela, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumayeza ahlukeneyo kuluncedo ekulweni nezifo azahlukeneyo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mahmood|first=Shahid |date=2021-01-20|title=A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Nutritional Profile and Properties of Prickly Pear Fruit|url=https://biogenericpublishers.com/jbgsr.ms.id.00164.text/|journal=Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research|volume=7|issue=2|doi=10.46718/JBGSR.2021.07.000164|access-date=2026-09-08|archive-date=2019-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://biogenericpublishers.com/jbgsr.ms.id.00164.text/|dead-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Inkcazo gabalala''' ==
[[Itolofiya|Umthi wetolofiya]] unayo nentsingiselo enzulu esikelwe kwindlela othi ukhule ngayo. Le ntsingiselo imalunga nokukwazi ukumelana nobunzima kunye namandla.Ukongeza, inakho ukuchuma yaye iqhubeke ikhule nangona ingafane ifumane amanzi yaye iphila phantsi kweemeko ezishushu kakhulu.  

== &lt;u&gt;'''Imithombo esetyinzisiweyo'''&lt;/u&gt; ==
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[[Uluhlu:Isityalo]]
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]
'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .

== Izalathiso ==
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
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[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; 
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
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[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ngokwamazwi engcali yezentlalo u-EB Tylor, &quot;yile nto inzima equka ulwazi, inkolelo, ubugcisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho, isiko kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izakhono kunye nemikhwa efunyanwa ngumntu njengelungu loluntu&quot;. [ 19 ] Kungenjalo, kwinguqulelo yalemihla, &quot;Inkcubeko ichazwa njengommandla wentlalo ogxininisa kwizenzo, iintetho kunye neentetho eziphathekayo, ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziveze ukuqhubeka kunye nokungahambi kwentsingiselo yentlalo yobomi obufanayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=Paul|url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719|title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability|last2=Magee|first2=Liam|last3=Scerri|first3=Andy|last4=Steger|first4=Manfred|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-02572-1|location=London|page=53|oclc=942553107|access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ngokwamazwi engcali yezentlalo u-EB Tylor, &quot;yile nto inzima equka ulwazi, inkolelo, ubugcisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho, isiko kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izakhono kunye nemikhwa efunyanwa ngumntu njengelungu loluntu&quot;. [ 19 ] Kungenjalo, kwinguqulelo yalemihla, &quot;Inkcubeko ichazwa njengommandla wentlalo ogxininisa kwizenzo, iintetho kunye neentetho eziphathekayo, ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziveze ukuqhubeka kunye nokungahambi kwentsingiselo yentlalo yobomi obufanayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=Paul|url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719|title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability|last2=Magee|first2=Liam|last3=Scerri|first3=Andy|last4=Steger|first4=Manfred|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-02572-1|location=London|page=53|oclc=942553107|access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isichazi magama esiNgesi aseCambridge English Dictionary sichaza  inkcubeko njenge ndlela yokuphila, ingakumbi amasiko neenkolelo ngokubanzi, zeqela elithile labantu ngexesha elithile.  Ithiyori yolawulo lobugrogrisi ithi inkcubeko luluhlu lwemisebenzi kunye nembono zehlabathi ezinika abantu isiseko sokuzibona &quot;njengabantu abaxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lentsingiselo&quot;—ukuziphakamisa ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobomi, ukuze baphike ukungabi namsebenzi kwesilwanyana kunye nokufa okwaqondwa ''yiHomo sapiens'' xa bafumana ubuchopho obukhulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pyszczynski|first=Tom|title=Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory|last2=Solomon|first2=Sheldon|last3=Greenberg|first3=Jeff|year=2015|isbn=978-0-12-802247-4|series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology|volume=52|pages=1–70|doi=10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Jeff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology|last2=Koole|first2=Sander L.|last3=Pyszczynski|first3=Tom|publisher=Guilford Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4625-1479-3|access-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231020831/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|archive-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ngokwamazwi engcali yezentlalo u-EB Tylor, &quot;yile nto inzima equka ulwazi, inkolelo, ubugcisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho, isiko kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izakhono kunye nemikhwa efunyanwa ngumntu njengelungu loluntu&quot;. [ 19 ] Kungenjalo, kwinguqulelo yalemihla, &quot;Inkcubeko ichazwa njengommandla wentlalo ogxininisa kwizenzo, iintetho kunye neentetho eziphathekayo, ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziveze ukuqhubeka kunye nokungahambi kwentsingiselo yentlalo yobomi obufanayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=Paul|url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719|title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability|last2=Magee|first2=Liam|last3=Scerri|first3=Andy|last4=Steger|first4=Manfred|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-02572-1|location=London|page=53|oclc=942553107|access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isichazi magama esiNgesi aseCambridge English Dictionary sichaza  inkcubeko njenge ndlela yokuphila, ingakumbi amasiko neenkolelo ngokubanzi, zeqela elithile labantu ngexesha elithile.  Ithiyori yolawulo lobugrogrisi ithi inkcubeko luluhlu lwemisebenzi kunye nembono zehlabathi ezinika abantu isiseko sokuzibona &quot;njengabantu abaxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lentsingiselo&quot;—ukuziphakamisa ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobomi, ukuze baphike ukungabi namsebenzi kwesilwanyana kunye nokufa okwaqondwa ''yiHomo sapiens'' xa bafumana ubuchopho obukhulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pyszczynski|first=Tom|title=Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory|last2=Solomon|first2=Sheldon|last3=Greenberg|first3=Jeff|year=2015|isbn=978-0-12-802247-4|series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology|volume=52|pages=1–70|doi=10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Jeff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology|last2=Koole|first2=Sander L.|last3=Pyszczynski|first3=Tom|publisher=Guilford Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4625-1479-3|access-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231020831/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|archive-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]
Ezokhenketho zinempembelelo ekhulayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zenkcubeko. Kwelinye icala, oku kungaba yimpembelelo ebonakalayo kwizinto ezithile okanye intshabalalo ebangelwa kukwanda kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwelinye icala, imiphumo yentlalo-nkcubeko kuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Shepard|first=Robert|date=August 2002|title=Commodification, culture and tourism|journal=Tourist Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=183–201|doi=10.1177/146879702761936653}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jaafar|first=Mastura|last2=Rasoolimanesh|first2=S. Mostafa|last3=Ismail|first3=Safura|year=2017|title=Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism and community participation: A case study of Langkawi Island|journal=Tourism and Hospitality Research|volume=17|issue=2|pages=123–134|doi=10.1177/1467358415610373}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ngokwamazwi engcali yezentlalo u-EB Tylor, &quot;yile nto inzima equka ulwazi, inkolelo, ubugcisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho, isiko kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izakhono kunye nemikhwa efunyanwa ngumntu njengelungu loluntu&quot;. [ 19 ] Kungenjalo, kwinguqulelo yalemihla, &quot;Inkcubeko ichazwa njengommandla wentlalo ogxininisa kwizenzo, iintetho kunye neentetho eziphathekayo, ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziveze ukuqhubeka kunye nokungahambi kwentsingiselo yentlalo yobomi obufanayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=Paul|url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719|title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability|last2=Magee|first2=Liam|last3=Scerri|first3=Andy|last4=Steger|first4=Manfred|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-02572-1|location=London|page=53|oclc=942553107|access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isichazi magama esiNgesi aseCambridge English Dictionary sichaza  inkcubeko njenge ndlela yokuphila, ingakumbi amasiko neenkolelo ngokubanzi, zeqela elithile labantu ngexesha elithile.  Ithiyori yolawulo lobugrogrisi ithi inkcubeko luluhlu lwemisebenzi kunye nembono zehlabathi ezinika abantu isiseko sokuzibona &quot;njengabantu abaxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lentsingiselo&quot;—ukuziphakamisa ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobomi, ukuze baphike ukungabi namsebenzi kwesilwanyana kunye nokufa okwaqondwa ''yiHomo sapiens'' xa bafumana ubuchopho obukhulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pyszczynski|first=Tom|title=Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory|last2=Solomon|first2=Sheldon|last3=Greenberg|first3=Jeff|year=2015|isbn=978-0-12-802247-4|series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology|volume=52|pages=1–70|doi=10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Jeff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology|last2=Koole|first2=Sander L.|last3=Pyszczynski|first3=Tom|publisher=Guilford Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4625-1479-3|access-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231020831/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|archive-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]
Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukukhuselwa kwenkcubeko kuye kwaba ngundoqo kwimisebenzi eyandayo  kwimibutho yesizwe neyehlabathi. [[Izizwe ezimanyeneyo|IZizwe eziManyeneyo]] kunye ne-UNESCO zikhuthaza ukugcinwa kwenkcubeko kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko ngokusebenzisa izibhengezo kunye nezivumelwano okanye izivumelwano ezibophelelayo ngokusemthethweni. Injongo asikokukhusela impahla yomntu, kodwa kukugcina ilifa lenkcubeko yoluntu, ingakumbi xa kukho imfazwe nemfazwe. Ngokutsho kukaKarl von Habsburg, uMongameli weBlue Shield International, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zenkcubeko kukwayinxalenye yemfazwe yengqondo. Injongo yohlaselo kukwaziwa komchasi, yiyo loo nto izinto zenkcubeko ezifanekiselayo ziba yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo. Ikwajoliswe ekuchaphazeleni inkumbulo yenkcubeko ebuthathaka kakhulu, ukwanda kokwahluka kwenkcubeko kunye nesiseko soqoqosho (njengokhenketho) selizwe, ingingqi okanye umasipala.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 28, 2019|title=Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon|url=https://www.krone.at/1911689|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526200932/https://www.krone.at/1911689|archive-date=May 26, 2020|accessdate=December 13, 2020|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ezokhenketho zinempembelelo ekhulayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zenkcubeko. Kwelinye icala, oku kungaba yimpembelelo ebonakalayo kwizinto ezithile okanye intshabalalo ebangelwa kukwanda kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwelinye icala, imiphumo yentlalo-nkcubeko kuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Shepard|first=Robert|date=August 2002|title=Commodification, culture and tourism|journal=Tourist Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=183–201|doi=10.1177/146879702761936653}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jaafar|first=Mastura|last2=Rasoolimanesh|first2=S. Mostafa|last3=Ismail|first3=Safura|year=2017|title=Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism and community participation: A case study of Langkawi Island|journal=Tourism and Hospitality Research|volume=17|issue=2|pages=123–134|doi=10.1177/1467358415610373}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture</text>
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'''Inkcubeko''' / / ˈkʌltʃər / KUL - KUL or / ˈkʊltʃər / KUUL - chər KUUL ngumbona oquka indlela  yokuziphatha kwentlalo, amaziko, kunye nemigaqo efumaneka eluntwini [[Intlalo|lwabantu]], amaziko,  iinkolelo, ubugcisa, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, ubuchule, izimo zengqondo, kunye nemikhwa yabantu abakula maqela.  Rhoqo inkcubeko ivela okanye inxulunyaniswa nommandla okanye indawo ethile.

Abantu bafumana inkcubeko ngeenkqubo zokufunda zenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kukwahlukahluka kweenkcubeko kulo lonke uluntu. Isithethe senkcubeko sichaza indlela yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, usebenza njengesikhokelo sokuziphatha, isinxibo, ulwimi, kunye nokuziphatha kwimeko ethile, nto leyo esebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela kwiqela lentlalo. Ukwamkela inkcubeko enye kuphela kwiqela lentlalontle kunokuthwala iingozi, njengokuba uhlobo olunye lunokubuna xa lujongene notshintsho lwendalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwempendulo ezisebenzayo kutshintsho olunjalo. &lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngoko ke kwinkcubeko yasemkhosini, ubugorha bubalwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha komntu, kwaye umsebenzi, imbeko, kunye nokuthembeka kwiqela lentlalo zithathwa njengeempawu ezintle okanye iimpendulo ezisebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kwengxabano . Kwinkolo, iimpawu ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiqela lentlalo.

Utshintsho lwenkcubeko, okanye ukutshintshwa kwesimo, kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwingcinga zenkcubeko yoluntu. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka ngaphakathi zizo zombini ezo zinto: imikhosi ekhuthaza utshintsho kunye menikhosi echasayo utshintsho. Iinkcubeko zichaphazeleka nangaphandle ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo. Imibutho efana ne [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] izama ukulondoloza inkcubeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko .
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb| Umculo wePygmy uthathwa njengohlobo lokuqala lokusebenzisa imigca emininzi yezandi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye -polyphony kwihlabathi lomculo, njengoko warekhodwe ubuncinane kwiminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba elo luvo luvele  eYurophu.]]
Inkcubeko ithathwa njengengcamango ephambili kwi -anthropology, equka uluhlu lwezinto ezidluliselwa ngokufunda kwezentlalo kuluntu. Iinkcubeko eziphangaleleyo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo ezifana [[Ubugcisa|nobugcisa]], [[umculo]], umdaniso, amasiko, unqulo, kunye [[ITeknoloji|nobuchwepheshe]] obufana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukupheka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nempahla . Uluvo lwenkcubeko kwizinto ezibonakalayo igubungela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenkcubeko, njengobuchwepheshe, uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo zenkcubeko ezifana nemigaqo yombutho wentlalo (kuquka nezenzo zombutho wezopolitiko kunye namaziko entlalo), iintsomi, [[ifilosofi]], uncwadi ( ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo ), kunye [[Inzululwazi|nesayensi]] zenza ilifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Macionis|first=John J.|title=Sociology|last2=Gerber|first2=Linda Marie|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-700161-3|location=Toronto|page=53|oclc=652430995}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwizifundo zobuntu, enye ingqiqo yenkcubeko njengophawu lomntu ngamnye kukuba umntu ukhulele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule kwezobugcisa, isayensi, [[imfundo]], okanye iindlela zokuziphatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society|publisher=Fontana|year=1988|page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inqanaba lobuchule benkcubeko ngamanye amaxesha liye lasetyenziswa ukwahlula iimpucuko kuluntu olungenabunzima kangako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Childe|first=V. Gordon|title=Man Makes Himself|publisher=Mentor|year=1951|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zodidi lwenkcubeko zikwafumaneka kumahluko asekelwe kwiiklasi phakathi kwenkcubeko ephezulu yabantu abaphezulu kunye nenkcubeko ephantsi, inkcubeko ethandwayo, okanye inkcubeko yabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ehlulwe kukufikelela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bourdieu|first=Pierre|title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste|publisher=Routledge|year=1984|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwintetho eqhelekileyo, inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela eentlanga ukuze azahlule ngokubonakalayo, njengokuguqula umzimba, impahla okanye ukuhombisa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices|publisher=Sage|year=1997|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkcubeko yobuninzi ibhekisa kwiintlobo zenkcubeko yabathengi eziveliswe ngobuninzi nezixhaswa ngobuninzi ezavela kwinkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Storey|first=John|title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikolo zefilosofi, ezifana neMarxism kunye nethiyori egxekayo, zithi inkcubeko idla ngokusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengesixhobo sabantu abaphezulu ukulawula abasebenzi kunye nokudala ingqondo yobuxoki . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title=Literary Theory: An Introduction|publisher=Blackwell|year=1983|page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iimbono ezinjalo zixhaphakile kwicandelo lezifundo zenkcubeko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Culture and Society|publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus|year=1958|page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokubanzi, imbono yethiyori yezinto eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ithi inkcubeko yomntu efuziselayo ivela kwiimeko eziphathekayo zobomi bomntu, kwaye isiseko senkcubeko sifumaneka kwiimeko zebhayoloji eziguqukileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Marvin|title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture|publisher=Random House|year=1979|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa isetyenziswa njengesibizo sokubala, igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; liqela lezithethe, amasiko, kunye neempawu zoluntu okanye uluntu, njengeqela lohlanga okanye isizwe, kunye nolwazi olufunyenwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geertz|first=Clifford|title=The Interpretation of Cultures|publisher=Basic Books|year=1973|page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngale ndlela, ubuzwe beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo buxabisa ukuhlala ngoxolo kunye nentlonipho phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiplanethi enye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka|first=Will|title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; likwasetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezithile ngaphakathi kweqela elincinci loluntu, inkcubeko yeqrla elithile (umz., &quot; inkcubeko yomntakwabo &quot;), okanye inkcubeko echaseneyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style|publisher=Routledge|year=1979|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphakathi kwi -anthropology yenkcubeko, ingcamango kunye nesimo sohlalutyo se- relativism yenkcubeko sigxininisa ukuba iinkcubeko azinakubekwa kwinqanaba okanye zivavanywe ngokulula kuba naluphi na uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yexabiso yenkcubeko ethile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boas|first=Franz|title=Race, Language, and Culture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1940|page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama lanamhlanje ''lenkcubeko'' lisekelwe kwigama elalisetyenziswa sisithethi saseRoma samandulo uCicero kwiTusculanae ''Disputations'' yakhe, apho wabhala khona ngokukhuliswa komphefumlo okanye {{Lang|la|cultura animi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tusculanes|date=1812|publisher=J. Gaude|location=Nismes|page=273|language=fr|translator-last=Bouhier|translator-first=Jean|oclc=457735057|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902230800/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZcOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA273|archive-date=September 2, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusetyenziswa isifaniso sezolimo sophuhliso lomphefumlo wefilosofi, esiqondwa ngokweteyoloji njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yophuhliso loluntu. USamuel von Pufendorf wathatha esi sifaniso kwimeko yanamhlanje, nto leyo ethetha into efanayo kodwa akasacingi ukuba ifilosofi yayikugqibelela kwendalo koluntu. Olu setyenziso, kunye nolwababhali abaninzi, &quot;lubhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela abantu abawoyisa ngazo ubuqaba babo bokuqala, baze ngobuchule, babe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;velkley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Velkley|first=Richard L.|title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question|date=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-85256-0|location=Chicago|pages=11–30|chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy|oclc=47930775}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Edward S. Casey wabhala wathi, &quot;Igama elithi ''inkcubeko'' lithetha 'indawo elinyiweyo' kwisiNgesi saseMiddle English, kwaye eli gama linye livela kwiLatin {{Lang|la|colere}}, 'ukuhlala, ukunyamekela, ukulima, ukunqula' kunye ne {{Lang|la|cultus}}, 'Ihlelo, ingakumbi elenkolo.' Ukuba nenkcubeko, ukuba nenkcubeko, kukuhlala kwindawo enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze uyihlakulele—ukuba noxanduva lwayo, ukuphendula kuyo, ukuyinyamekela ngononophelo.&quot; &lt;blockquote&gt;... ekuqaleni yayithetha ukuhlakulelwa komphefumlo okanye ingqondo, kodwa uninzi lwentsingiselo yalo yalemihla luvela kwiincwadi zeengqondi zaseJamani zenkulungwane ye-18, ezazikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ziphuhlisa ukugxekwa kukaRousseau &quot; kwenkululeko yanamhlanje kunye nokuKhanyiselwa &quot;. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi &quot;kwenkcubeko&quot; kunye &quot; nempucuko &quot; udla ngokuchazwa kwaba babhali, nokuba awuchazwanga ngolo hlobo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ngokwamazwi engcali yezentlalo u-EB Tylor, &quot;yile nto inzima equka ulwazi, inkolelo, ubugcisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho, isiko kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izakhono kunye nemikhwa efunyanwa ngumntu njengelungu loluntu&quot;. [ 19 ] Kungenjalo, kwinguqulelo yalemihla, &quot;Inkcubeko ichazwa njengommandla wentlalo ogxininisa kwizenzo, iintetho kunye neentetho eziphathekayo, ezithi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziveze ukuqhubeka kunye nokungahambi kwentsingiselo yentlalo yobomi obufanayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=Paul|url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719|title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability|last2=Magee|first2=Liam|last3=Scerri|first3=Andy|last4=Steger|first4=Manfred|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-02572-1|location=London|page=53|oclc=942553107|access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isichazi magama esiNgesi aseCambridge English Dictionary sichaza  inkcubeko njenge ndlela yokuphila, ingakumbi amasiko neenkolelo ngokubanzi, zeqela elithile labantu ngexesha elithile.  Ithiyori yolawulo lobugrogrisi ithi inkcubeko luluhlu lwemisebenzi kunye nembono zehlabathi ezinika abantu isiseko sokuzibona &quot;njengabantu abaxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lentsingiselo&quot;—ukuziphakamisa ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobomi, ukuze baphike ukungabi namsebenzi kwesilwanyana kunye nokufa okwaqondwa ''yiHomo sapiens'' xa bafumana ubuchopho obukhulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pyszczynski|first=Tom|title=Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory|last2=Solomon|first2=Sheldon|last3=Greenberg|first3=Jeff|year=2015|isbn=978-0-12-802247-4|series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology|volume=52|pages=1–70|doi=10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Jeff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology|last2=Koole|first2=Sander L.|last3=Pyszczynski|first3=Tom|publisher=Guilford Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4625-1479-3|access-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231020831/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ|archive-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Beatles_ad_1965_just_the_beatles_crop.jpg|thumb| I-Beatles yaba ngumzekelo wotshintsho kwimo yenkcubeko, kungekuphela nje kumculo kodwa nakwifashoni nakwindlela yokuphila. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu zivele zaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi .]]
[[File:Indig2.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa abemi boqobo   baseOstreliya echasa ukufika kukaJames Cook ngonyaka ka-1770]]
[[File:Gorskii_04412u.jpg|alt=Full-length profile portrait of a woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry|thumb| Umfazi waseTurkmen, uhleli ekhaphethini emnyango kangquphantsi  (yurt), ubhinqe umbhinqo wesinqa sengqondo kuba ingqiqo yexesha ixhomekeke kwinkcubeko. Lo ngumfanekiso ka-1913, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwubeka kwixesha elichanelekileyo xa uwujonga ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu ezichaza inkcubeko.]]
[[File:Johann_gottfried_herder.jpg|thumb| UJohann Herder wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenkcubeko zesizwe.]]
[[File:Adolf_Bastian.jpg|thumb| UAdolf Bastian waphuhlisa imodeli yenkcubeko ebanzi kwihlabathi liphela.]]
[[File:Matthew_Arnold_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16745.jpg|thumb| Imbongi nomgxeki waseBritane uMatthew Arnold wayeyijonga  &quot;inkcubeko&quot; njengokukhuliswa kombono wobuntu.]]
[[File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.jpg|thumb| Ingcali yezentlalo yabantu yaseBritane uEdward Tylor wayengomnye wabafundi bokuqala abathetha isiNgesi ukusebenzisa igama elithi &quot;inkcubeko&quot; ngendlela equka umntu wonke ngokubanzi.]]
[[File:Gobustan_ancient_Azerbaycan_full.jpg|thumb| Imizobi eweni kwiGobustan yanamhlanje, eAzerbaijan, yaqala kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo (BCE) kwaye ibonisa inkcubeko echumayo.]]
[[File:04162012Bailes032.JPG|thumb| Umzekelo womdaniso wemveli [[IsiColombia|eColombia]]]]
[[File:7SEEN_89.jpg|thumb| I-Nowruz ngumzekelo omhle wenkcubeko ethandwayo neyemveli,ebhiyozelwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphezu kumashumi amabini anesibini anezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, ngomhla wokuqala wentwasahlobo. Ibibhiyozelwa ziindawo ezahlukeneyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-7,000.]]
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|thumb| IMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseMetropolitan eManhattan . Ubugcisa obubonakalayo bunokuba lolunye uhlobo lokubonakalisa inkcubeko ephezulu .]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[File:Restauration_cercueil-egyptien_Mbalyon_(12).jpg|thumb| Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhumbuzo samandulo saseYiputa.]]
[[File:Manifestation_Défense_du_service_public_et_de_la_culture_Nantes_-_5_décembre_2024_(54185059095).jpg|thumb| Ipowusta ye -Anarchist efundeka ngolu hlobo &quot;Akukho Nkcubeko, Akukho Kamva!&quot; , 5 Kweyomnga 2024]]
Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukukhuselwa kwenkcubeko kuye kwaba ngundoqo kwimisebenzi eyandayo  kwimibutho yesizwe neyehlabathi. [[Izizwe ezimanyeneyo|IZizwe eziManyeneyo]] kunye ne-UNESCO zikhuthaza ukugcinwa kwenkcubeko kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko ngokusebenzisa izibhengezo kunye nezivumelwano okanye izivumelwano ezibophelelayo ngokusemthethweni. Injongo asikokukhusela impahla yomntu, kodwa kukugcina ilifa lenkcubeko yoluntu, ingakumbi xa kukho imfazwe nemfazwe. Ngokutsho kukaKarl von Habsburg, uMongameli weBlue Shield International, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zenkcubeko kukwayinxalenye yemfazwe yengqondo. Injongo yohlaselo kukwaziwa komchasi, yiyo loo nto izinto zenkcubeko ezifanekiselayo ziba yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo. Ikwajoliswe ekuchaphazeleni inkumbulo yenkcubeko ebuthathaka kakhulu, ukwanda kokwahluka kwenkcubeko kunye nesiseko soqoqosho (njengokhenketho) selizwe, ingingqi okanye umasipala.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 28, 2019|title=Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon|url=https://www.krone.at/1911689|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526200932/https://www.krone.at/1911689|archive-date=May 26, 2020|accessdate=December 13, 2020|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ezokhenketho zinempembelelo ekhulayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zenkcubeko. Kwelinye icala, oku kungaba yimpembelelo ebonakalayo kwizinto ezithile okanye intshabalalo ebangelwa kukwanda kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwelinye icala, imiphumo yentlalo-nkcubeko kuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Shepard|first=Robert|date=August 2002|title=Commodification, culture and tourism|journal=Tourist Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=183–201|doi=10.1177/146879702761936653}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jaafar|first=Mastura|last2=Rasoolimanesh|first2=S. Mostafa|last3=Ismail|first3=Safura|year=2017|title=Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism and community participation: A case study of Langkawi Island|journal=Tourism and Hospitality Research|volume=17|issue=2|pages=123–134|doi=10.1177/1467358415610373}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Animal culture – Theory of cultural learning in non-human animals
* Cultural loss – Erosion of cultural practices or beliefs
* Cultural area – Geographical area associated with a specific cultural orientation
* Cultural identity – Identity or feeling of belonging to a group
* Cultural tourism – Geographical tourism around a country or a region
* Culture 21 – United Nations plan of action
* Outline of culture – Social behavior and norms of a society
* Recombinant culture
* Semiotics of culture – Field of study
* Subculture – Smaller culture within a larger culture

== Cultural studies ==

Ukususela ngonyaka ka-1970 ukuya phambili, umsebenzi kaStuart Hall wobuvulindlela, kunye noogxa bakhe uPaul Willis, uDick Hebdige, uTony Jefferson, kunye no-Angela McRobbie, badale intshukumo yobungcali yehlabathi. Njengoko eli candelo lalikhula, laqala ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwezopolitiko, [[Ukuthetha|unxibelelwano]], [[ISosioloji|intlalo]], ithiyori yentlalo, ithiyori yoncwadi, ithiyori yeendaba, izifundo zefilimu/iividiyo, i-anthropology yenkcubeko, [[ifilosofi]], izifundo zeemyuziyam, kunye nembali yobugcisa ukuze kufundwe ngeziganeko zenkcubeko okanye imibhalo yenkcubeko. Kule ntsimi abaphandi badla ngokugxila kwindlela izinto ezithile ezihambelana ngayo nemicimbi yembono, ubuzwe, ubuhlanga, udidi lwentlalo, okanye isini . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sardar|first=Ziauddin|title=Introducing Cultural Studies|last2=Van Loon|first2=Borin|last3=Appignanesi|first3=Richard|date=1994|publisher=Totem Books|isbn=978-1-84046-587-7|location=New York|oclc=937991291}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Imoto yombane</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372943137|Electric car]]&quot;</comment>
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Imoto yombane, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisithuthi sombane (EV), sisithuthi esisebenzisa amandla ombane njengowona mthombo uphambili wokusiqhuba. Eli gama libhekisa kwisithuthi sombane esitshajwayo, esiqhele ukuba sisithuthi sombane esisebenzisa ibhetri (BEV). Olu uhlobo lwesithuthi lusebenzisa kuphela amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama linokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo ezitshajwayo (PHEV), izithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokuhamba (REEV), kunye nezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa iiseli zamafutha (FCEV). Ezi ntlobo zezithuthi zinako ukuvelisa amandla ombane zisuka kwezinye iintlobo zamafutha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha okanye iiseli zamafutha.


'''Imoto yombane''', ekwabizwa ngokuba sisithuthi sombane (EV), sisithuthi esisebenzisa amandla ombane njengowona mthombo uphambili wokusiqhuba. Eli gama libhekisa kwisithuthi sombane esitshajwayo, esiqhele ukuba sisithuthi sombane esisebenzisa ibhetri (BEV). Olu uhlobo lwesithuthi lusebenzisa kuphela amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama linokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo ezitshajwayo (PHEV), izithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokuhamba (REEV), kunye nezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa iiseli zamafutha (FCEV). Ezi ntlobo zezithuthi zinako ukuvelisa amandla ombane zisuka kwezinye iintlobo zamafutha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha okanye iiseli zamafutha.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi (ICE), iimoto zombane zithule ukodlula eziqhelekileyo xa ziqhuba, ziphendula ngokukhawuleza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Whitehead|first=Jake|date=2019-04-15|title=Here’s why electric cars have plenty of grunt, oomph and torque|url=https://theconversation.com/heres-why-electric-cars-have-plenty-of-grunt-oomph-and-torque-115356|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AA.ncdsenat4}}&lt;/ref&gt;, zisebenza kakuhle ekuguquleni amandla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-benefits|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azikhuphi umsi kumbhobho wokukhupha, yaye zihlala zinomkhondo wekhabhoni ophantsi ukusukela kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwazo zide ziphelelwe lixesha lokusetyenziswa (nokuba isikhululo sombane esibonelela ngombane singaba negalelo ekukhutshweni komsi ongcolisayo).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Electric Vehicles|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric-emissions|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa lokukusebenza kakuhle kwe injini yombane, iimoto zombane zivelisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo obuncinci. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa iinjini ezidla ngokuba nkulu, zibe nzima, kwaye zifune ukugcinwa rhoqo kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ambra Italia - Comparison between the efficiency of an internal combustion engine and an electric engine in mobility|url=https://ambraitalia.it/en/electric-micro-mobility/430-comparison-between-the-efficiency-of-an-internal-combustion-engine-and-an-electric-engine-in-mobility|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=ambraitalia.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukutshaja'''

Ibhetri yesithuthi esisebenza ngombane idla ngokufuna ukudityaniswa nomthombo wamandla obonelela ngombane ovela kuthungelwano oluphambili lombane ukuze itshajwe kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane kunokwenziwa kwiindidi ngeendidi zezikhululo zokutshaja. Ezi zikhululo zinokufakelwa emakhayeni abantu, kwiigaraji apho zimisa khona iimoto, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukwakho nophando nophuhliso oluqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobunye ubuchwephesha obufana nokutshintshwa kweebhetri, kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kweentambo.

Ngenxa iziseko zokutshaja iimoto zombane zisakhula- ingakumbi izitshaji ezikhawulezayo, ixhala lokungafikeleli kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla endleleni kunye nedleko zexesha, zezona izinto echaphazela izigqibo zabathengi xa bekhetha phakathi kokuthenga imoto yombane okanye enye imoto.

'''Imarike yehlabathi'''

Ezliweni jikelele, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwagqitha kwizigidi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ngonyaka ka-2024, zinyuka ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu epesenti xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2023. Izithuthi zombane zazibabelwa ngaphezulu kwesinye kwezihlanu kuzo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2025-05-14|title=Global EV Outlook 2025|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka ka-2025, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwihlabathi kwaphinda kwanda ngamashumi amabini epesenti kwaze kwagqitha kwiimoto ezingama ngamashumi amabini nedesimali isixhenxe, eyayimele ikota yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ezlizweni jikelele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Trends in electric cars – Global EV Outlook 2026 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=May 26|first=Alex Kimani-|last2=2026|last3=Cdt|first3=7:00 Pm|title=IEA: Global Electric Car Sales Topped 20 Million In 2025|url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/IEA-Global-Electric-Car-Sales-Topped-20-Million-In-2025.html|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=OilPrice.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2026, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane zifikelele kwiimoto ezingamashumi amabini anantathu zezigidi, nto leyo eya kumela phantse amashumi amathathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezithengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

I-Tshayina yaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli phakathi kweemarike ezinkulu ngo-2025, apho kwathengiswa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamashumi anesthathu zeemoto zombane. Oku kwakumele phantse amashumi amahlanu anesihla epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo kweli lizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2025, kwakukho malunga nezigidi ezingamashane anesine zeemoto zombane ezazisetyenziswa kwiindlela zaseTshayina, eyayimele amashumi anesthathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezazikho kweli lizwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>treic8hxo8hypmohz3tcgmn4pubxm7i</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41869</id>
      <parentid>41868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-10T12:53:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TatjanaClimate</username>
        <id>16508</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>eMzantsi Afrika</comment>
      <origin>41869</origin>
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      <text bytes="9850" sha1="2dt6j7zoxn3ceryfzehbvwjbqbft9gu" xml:space="preserve">
'''Imoto yombane''', ekwabizwa ngokuba sisithuthi sombane (EV), sisithuthi esisebenzisa amandla ombane njengowona mthombo uphambili wokusiqhuba. Eli gama libhekisa kwisithuthi sombane esitshajwayo, esiqhele ukuba sisithuthi sombane esisebenzisa ibhetri (BEV). Olu uhlobo lwesithuthi lusebenzisa kuphela amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama linokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo ezitshajwayo (PHEV), izithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokuhamba (REEV), kunye nezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa iiseli zamafutha (FCEV). Ezi ntlobo zezithuthi zinako ukuvelisa amandla ombane zisuka kwezinye iintlobo zamafutha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha okanye iiseli zamafutha.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi (ICE), iimoto zombane zithule ukodlula eziqhelekileyo xa ziqhuba, ziphendula ngokukhawuleza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Whitehead|first=Jake|date=2019-04-15|title=Here’s why electric cars have plenty of grunt, oomph and torque|url=https://theconversation.com/heres-why-electric-cars-have-plenty-of-grunt-oomph-and-torque-115356|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AA.ncdsenat4}}&lt;/ref&gt;, zisebenza kakuhle ekuguquleni amandla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-benefits|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azikhuphi umsi kumbhobho wokukhupha, yaye zihlala zinomkhondo wekhabhoni ophantsi ukusukela kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwazo zide ziphelelwe lixesha lokusetyenziswa (nokuba isikhululo sombane esibonelela ngombane singaba negalelo ekukhutshweni komsi ongcolisayo).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Electric Vehicles|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric-emissions|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa lokukusebenza kakuhle kwe injini yombane, iimoto zombane zivelisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo obuncinci. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa iinjini ezidla ngokuba nkulu, zibe nzima, kwaye zifune ukugcinwa rhoqo kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ambra Italia - Comparison between the efficiency of an internal combustion engine and an electric engine in mobility|url=https://ambraitalia.it/en/electric-micro-mobility/430-comparison-between-the-efficiency-of-an-internal-combustion-engine-and-an-electric-engine-in-mobility|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=ambraitalia.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukutshaja ==
Ibhetri yesithuthi esisebenza ngombane idla ngokufuna ukudityaniswa nomthombo wamandla obonelela ngombane ovela kuthungelwano oluphambili lombane ukuze itshajwe kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane kunokwenziwa kwiindidi ngeendidi zezikhululo zokutshaja. Ezi zikhululo zinokufakelwa emakhayeni abantu, kwiigaraji apho zimisa khona iimoto, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukwakho nophando nophuhliso oluqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobunye ubuchwephesha obufana nokutshintshwa kweebhetri, kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kweentambo.

Ngenxa iziseko zokutshaja iimoto zombane zisakhula- ingakumbi izitshaji ezikhawulezayo, ixhala lokungafikeleli kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla endleleni kunye nedleko zexesha, zezona izinto echaphazela izigqibo zabathengi xa bekhetha phakathi kokuthenga imoto yombane okanye enye imoto.

== Imarike yehlabathi ==
Ezliweni jikelele, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwagqitha kwizigidi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ngonyaka ka-2024, zinyuka ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu epesenti xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2023. Izithuthi zombane zazibabelwa ngaphezulu kwesinye kwezihlanu kuzo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2025-05-14|title=Global EV Outlook 2025|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka ka-2025, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwihlabathi kwaphinda kwanda ngamashumi amabini epesenti kwaze kwagqitha kwiimoto ezingama ngamashumi amabini nedesimali isixhenxe, eyayimele ikota yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ezlizweni jikelele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Trends in electric cars – Global EV Outlook 2026 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=May 26|first=Alex Kimani-|last2=2026|last3=Cdt|first3=7:00 Pm|title=IEA: Global Electric Car Sales Topped 20 Million In 2025|url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/IEA-Global-Electric-Car-Sales-Topped-20-Million-In-2025.html|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=OilPrice.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2026, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane zifikelele kwiimoto ezingamashumi amabini anantathu zezigidi, nto leyo eya kumela phantse amashumi amathathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezithengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

I-Tshayina yaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli phakathi kweemarike ezinkulu ngo-2025, apho kwathengiswa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamashumi anesthathu zeemoto zombane. Oku kwakumele phantse amashumi amahlanu anesihla epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo kweli lizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2025, kwakukho malunga nezigidi ezingamashane anesine zeemoto zombane ezazisetyenziswa kwiindlela zaseTshayina, eyayimele amashumi anesthathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezazikho kweli lizwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== eMzantsi Afrika ==
Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41870</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-10T12:58:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TatjanaClimate</username>
        <id>16508</id>
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      <comment>Inqaku elitsha</comment>
      <origin>41870</origin>
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      <text bytes="11793" sha1="k1akvx1z652c6zc8xaagp87pduwl1ud" xml:space="preserve">[[Lêer:IBMTorontoSoftwareLabEVChargers4.jpg|link=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAer:IBMTorontoSoftwareLabEVChargers4.jpg|thumb|Tesla Model 3]]
'''Imoto yombane''', ekwabizwa ngokuba sisithuthi sombane (EV), sisithuthi esisebenzisa amandla ombane njengowona mthombo uphambili wokusiqhuba. Eli gama libhekisa kwisithuthi sombane esitshajwayo, esiqhele ukuba sisithuthi sombane esisebenzisa ibhetri (BEV). Olu uhlobo lwesithuthi lusebenzisa kuphela amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama linokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo ezitshajwayo (PHEV), izithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokuhamba (REEV), kunye nezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa iiseli zamafutha (FCEV). Ezi ntlobo zezithuthi zinako ukuvelisa amandla ombane zisuka kwezinye iintlobo zamafutha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha okanye iiseli zamafutha.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi (ICE), iimoto zombane zithule ukodlula eziqhelekileyo xa ziqhuba, ziphendula ngokukhawuleza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Whitehead|first=Jake|date=2019-04-15|title=Here’s why electric cars have plenty of grunt, oomph and torque|url=https://theconversation.com/heres-why-electric-cars-have-plenty-of-grunt-oomph-and-torque-115356|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AA.ncdsenat4}}&lt;/ref&gt;, zisebenza kakuhle ekuguquleni amandla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-benefits|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azikhuphi umsi kumbhobho wokukhupha, yaye zihlala zinomkhondo wekhabhoni ophantsi ukusukela kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwazo zide ziphelelwe lixesha lokusetyenziswa (nokuba isikhululo sombane esibonelela ngombane singaba negalelo ekukhutshweni komsi ongcolisayo).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Electric Vehicles|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric-emissions|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa lokukusebenza kakuhle kwe injini yombane, iimoto zombane zivelisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo obuncinci. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa iinjini ezidla ngokuba nkulu, zibe nzima, kwaye zifune ukugcinwa rhoqo kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ambra Italia - Comparison between the efficiency of an internal combustion engine and an electric engine in mobility|url=https://ambraitalia.it/en/electric-micro-mobility/430-comparison-between-the-efficiency-of-an-internal-combustion-engine-and-an-electric-engine-in-mobility|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=ambraitalia.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukutshaja ==
Ibhetri yesithuthi esisebenza ngombane idla ngokufuna ukudityaniswa nomthombo wamandla obonelela ngombane ovela kuthungelwano oluphambili lombane ukuze itshajwe kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane kunokwenziwa kwiindidi ngeendidi zezikhululo zokutshaja. Ezi zikhululo zinokufakelwa emakhayeni abantu, kwiigaraji apho zimisa khona iimoto, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukwakho nophando nophuhliso oluqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobunye ubuchwephesha obufana nokutshintshwa kweebhetri, kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kweentambo.

Ngenxa iziseko zokutshaja iimoto zombane zisakhula- ingakumbi izitshaji ezikhawulezayo, ixhala lokungafikeleli kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla endleleni kunye nedleko zexesha, zezona izinto echaphazela izigqibo zabathengi xa bekhetha phakathi kokuthenga imoto yombane okanye enye imoto.

== Imarike yehlabathi ==
Ezliweni jikelele, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwagqitha kwizigidi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ngonyaka ka-2024, zinyuka ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu epesenti xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2023. Izithuthi zombane zazibabelwa ngaphezulu kwesinye kwezihlanu kuzo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2025-05-14|title=Global EV Outlook 2025|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka ka-2025, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwihlabathi kwaphinda kwanda ngamashumi amabini epesenti kwaze kwagqitha kwiimoto ezingama ngamashumi amabini nedesimali isixhenxe, eyayimele ikota yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ezlizweni jikelele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Trends in electric cars – Global EV Outlook 2026 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=May 26|first=Alex Kimani-|last2=2026|last3=Cdt|first3=7:00 Pm|title=IEA: Global Electric Car Sales Topped 20 Million In 2025|url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/IEA-Global-Electric-Car-Sales-Topped-20-Million-In-2025.html|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=OilPrice.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2026, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane zifikelele kwiimoto ezingamashumi amabini anantathu zezigidi, nto leyo eya kumela phantse amashumi amathathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezithengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

I-Tshayina yaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli phakathi kweemarike ezinkulu ngo-2025, apho kwathengiswa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamashumi anesthathu zeemoto zombane. Oku kwakumele phantse amashumi amahlanu anesihla epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo kweli lizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2025, kwakukho malunga nezigidi ezingamashane anesine zeemoto zombane ezazisetyenziswa kwiindlela zaseTshayina, eyayimele amashumi anesthathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezazikho kweli lizwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

=== eMzantsi Afrika ===
Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umgaqo-nkqubo ==
Amazwe amanintsi amise iinkqubo zenxaso karhulumente zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ezitshajwayo. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya izaphulelo zerhafu, inxaso-mali kunye nezinye iinkuthazo ezingezizo ezemali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Policy developments – Global EV Outlook 2023 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/policy-developments|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngeloxesha amanye amazwe sele ephumeze imithetho ejolise ekupheliseni ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezisebenzisa amafutha ezimbiwa phantsi komhlaba, njenjengendlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya kunye notshintsho lwemozulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-11|title=EU ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2035 explained|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20221019STO44572/eu-ban-on-sale-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2035-explained|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=Topics {{!}} European Parliament|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iindleko ==
EYurophu, kumazwe amaninzi aseNtshona naseMntla Yurophu, ixabiso lilonke lokuba ngumnini wemoto yezithuthi zombane liphantsi xa lithelekiswa neleemoto ezifanayo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi, xa iindleko zibalwa kubo bonke ubomi besithuthi. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ziindleko eziphantsi zamafutha kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokulungisa nokugcina isithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga imoto yombane lisahleli lingumqobo omkhulu ovimbela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi zithuthi kwiimarike ezininzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BEV vs ICE total cost of ownership comparison|url=https://www.ayvens.com/en-cp/blog/total-cost-of-ownership/tco-ev-ice-comparison/|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=Ayvens|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iireferensi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="11722" sha1="7hbgk4lf5e3qlq626zq520ukc3y5v36" xml:space="preserve">[[Ngokweenkcukacha:IBMTorontoSoftwareLabEVChargers4.jpg|thumb|Tesla Model 3]]
'''Imoto yombane''', ekwabizwa ngokuba sisithuthi sombane (EV), sisithuthi esisebenzisa amandla ombane njengowona mthombo uphambili wokusiqhuba. Eli gama libhekisa kwisithuthi sombane esitshajwayo, esiqhele ukuba sisithuthi sombane esisebenzisa ibhetri (BEV). Olu uhlobo lwesithuthi lusebenzisa kuphela amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwisithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama linokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo ezitshajwayo (PHEV), izithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu olwandisiweyo lokuhamba (REEV), kunye nezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa iiseli zamafutha (FCEV). Ezi ntlobo zezithuthi zinako ukuvelisa amandla ombane zisuka kwezinye iintlobo zamafutha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha okanye iiseli zamafutha.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi (ICE), iimoto zombane zithule ukodlula eziqhelekileyo xa ziqhuba, ziphendula ngokukhawuleza&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Whitehead|first=Jake|date=2019-04-15|title=Here’s why electric cars have plenty of grunt, oomph and torque|url=https://theconversation.com/heres-why-electric-cars-have-plenty-of-grunt-oomph-and-torque-115356|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AA.ncdsenat4}}&lt;/ref&gt;, zisebenza kakuhle ekuguquleni amandla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-benefits|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azikhuphi umsi kumbhobho wokukhupha, yaye zihlala zinomkhondo wekhabhoni ophantsi ukusukela kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwazo zide ziphelelwe lixesha lokusetyenziswa (nokuba isikhululo sombane esibonelela ngombane singaba negalelo ekukhutshweni komsi ongcolisayo).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Electric Vehicles|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric-emissions|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa lokukusebenza kakuhle kwe injini yombane, iimoto zombane zivelisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo obuncinci. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa iinjini ezidla ngokuba nkulu, zibe nzima, kwaye zifune ukugcinwa rhoqo kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ambra Italia - Comparison between the efficiency of an internal combustion engine and an electric engine in mobility|url=https://ambraitalia.it/en/electric-micro-mobility/430-comparison-between-the-efficiency-of-an-internal-combustion-engine-and-an-electric-engine-in-mobility|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=ambraitalia.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukutshaja ==
Ibhetri yesithuthi esisebenza ngombane idla ngokufuna ukudityaniswa nomthombo wamandla obonelela ngombane ovela kuthungelwano oluphambili lombane ukuze itshajwe kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane kunokwenziwa kwiindidi ngeendidi zezikhululo zokutshaja. Ezi zikhululo zinokufakelwa emakhayeni abantu, kwiigaraji apho zimisa khona iimoto, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations|url=https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=afdc.energy.gov|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukwakho nophando nophuhliso oluqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobunye ubuchwephesha obufana nokutshintshwa kweebhetri, kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kweentambo.

Ngenxa iziseko zokutshaja iimoto zombane zisakhula- ingakumbi izitshaji ezikhawulezayo, ixhala lokungafikeleli kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla endleleni kunye nedleko zexesha, zezona izinto echaphazela izigqibo zabathengi xa bekhetha phakathi kokuthenga imoto yombane okanye enye imoto.

== Imarike yehlabathi ==
Ezliweni jikelele, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwagqitha kwizigidi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ngonyaka ka-2024, zinyuka ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu epesenti xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2023. Izithuthi zombane zazibabelwa ngaphezulu kwesinye kwezihlanu kuzo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2025-05-14|title=Global EV Outlook 2025|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka ka-2025, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwihlabathi kwaphinda kwanda ngamashumi amabini epesenti kwaze kwagqitha kwiimoto ezingama ngamashumi amabini nedesimali isixhenxe, eyayimele ikota yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ezlizweni jikelele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Trends in electric cars – Global EV Outlook 2026 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=May 26|first=Alex Kimani-|last2=2026|last3=Cdt|first3=7:00 Pm|title=IEA: Global Electric Car Sales Topped 20 Million In 2025|url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/IEA-Global-Electric-Car-Sales-Topped-20-Million-In-2025.html|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=OilPrice.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2026, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane zifikelele kwiimoto ezingamashumi amabini anantathu zezigidi, nto leyo eya kumela phantse amashumi amathathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezithengiswayo ehlabathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

I-Tshayina yaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli phakathi kweemarike ezinkulu ngo-2025, apho kwathengiswa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingamashumi anesthathu zeemoto zombane. Oku kwakumele phantse amashumi amahlanu anesihla epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezathengiswayo kweli lizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2025, kwakukho malunga nezigidi ezingamashane anesine zeemoto zombane ezazisetyenziswa kwiindlela zaseTshayina, eyayimele amashumi anesthathu epesenti yazo zonke iimoto ezazikho kweli lizwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

=== eMzantsi Afrika ===
Imarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika isahlala incinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko esasisincinci. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwilizwekazi lonke kwenyuka kusuka kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amane ngonyaka ka-2023 kwaya kwiimoto ezimalunga namawaka amashumi amabini anesihlanu ngonyaka ka-2025, apho iYiputa (amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asithoba), iMorocco (amawaka amahlanu anamakhulu amahlanu) neMzantsi Afrika (amawaka amathathu anamakhulu asibhozo) ngokudibeneyo zazimele phantse amashumi asixhenxe epesenti yokuthengiswa kwiindawo zelizwekazi.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; EMzantsi Afrika ngokukodwa, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwahlala kungaphantsi kwepesenti enye yazo zonke iimoto ezintsha ezathengiswayo ngonyaka ka-2025, nangona iimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amabini ezinokutshajwa (i-plug-in hybrids) zaba ngundoqo kolu khulo, zimele ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti yayo yonke imithengiswa yeemoto zombane elizweni ngaloo nyaka.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Trends in electric cars.&quot; Global EV Outlook 2026. IEA, Paris, 2026. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/trends-in-electric-cars&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukhula oku kuqhubekile ukungena ku-2026: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eMzantsi Afrika kwanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yokuphinda kwande kwemarike yeemoto zombane eAfrika kwaya kumawaka angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.&lt;ref&gt;International Energy Agency. &quot;Electric Car Markets in a Time of Uncertainty.&quot; IEA, Paris, July 2026. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a096b500-9d47-411d-a5db-b297a5d95927/ElectricCarMarketsinaTimeofUncertainty.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umgaqo-nkqubo ==
Amazwe amanintsi amise iinkqubo zenxaso karhulumente zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ezitshajwayo. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya izaphulelo zerhafu, inxaso-mali kunye nezinye iinkuthazo ezingezizo ezemali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Policy developments – Global EV Outlook 2023 – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/policy-developments|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=IEA|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngeloxesha amanye amazwe sele ephumeze imithetho ejolise ekupheliseni ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezisebenzisa amafutha ezimbiwa phantsi komhlaba, njenjengendlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya kunye notshintsho lwemozulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-11|title=EU ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2035 explained|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20221019STO44572/eu-ban-on-sale-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2035-explained|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=Topics {{!}} European Parliament|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iindleko ==
EYurophu, kumazwe amaninzi aseNtshona naseMntla Yurophu, ixabiso lilonke lokuba ngumnini wemoto yezithuthi zombane liphantsi xa lithelekiswa neleemoto ezifanayo ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutsha kwamafutha ngaphakathi, xa iindleko zibalwa kubo bonke ubomi besithuthi. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ziindleko eziphantsi zamafutha kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokulungisa nokugcina isithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga imoto yombane lisahleli lingumqobo omkhulu ovimbela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi zithuthi kwiimarike ezininzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BEV vs ICE total cost of ownership comparison|url=https://www.ayvens.com/en-cp/blog/total-cost-of-ownership/tco-ev-ice-comparison/|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=Ayvens|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iireferensi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isithuthi sombane</title>
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'''Isithuthi sombane (EV)''' sisithuthi esiqhutywa ikakhulu ngamandla ombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 October 2018|title=Glossary — Global Warming of 1.5 ºC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/glossary/|website=[[IPCC]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=2024-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izithuthi zombane zibandakanya izithuthi ezihamba ezindleleni (iimoto, iibhasi, iilori kunye nezithuthi zokuthutha umntu ngamnye), izithuthi zikaloliwe (oololiwe, iitramu kunye noololiwe abahamba kumzila omnye), izikhephe nezithuthi ezihamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi, iinqwelo-moya (ezinamaphiko angatshintshiyo kunye neenqwelo-moya ezineerotor ezininzi), kunye nezithuthi zasemajukujukwini.

Njengendlela yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphuma kumbhobho wokukhupha umsi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka emafutheni ambiwa phantsi komhlaba, oorhulumente kwiindawo ezininzi banikezela ngezikhuthazo ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=D'Errah|date=2025-07-15|title=Why India's e-truck incentive scheme can be a gamechanger for the economy and the environment|url=https://theicct.org/why-indias-e-truck-incentive-scheme-can-be-a-gamechanger-for-the-economy-and-the-environment-jul25/|website=International Council on Clean Transportation|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ITshayina lelona lizwe liphambili emhlabeni ekuveliseni izithuthi zombane. Libalelwa ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti emveliso yehlabathi kunye namamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe epesenti okuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi ngo-2024.

 </text>
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'''Isithuthi sombane (EV)''' sisithuthi esiqhutywa ikakhulu ngamandla ombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 October 2018|title=Glossary — Global Warming of 1.5 ºC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/glossary/|website=[[IPCC]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=2024-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izithuthi zombane zibandakanya izithuthi ezihamba ezindleleni (iimoto, iibhasi, iilori kunye nezithuthi zokuthutha umntu ngamnye), izithuthi zikaloliwe (oololiwe, iitramu kunye noololiwe abahamba kumzila omnye), izikhephe nezithuthi ezihamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi, iinqwelo-moya (ezinamaphiko angatshintshiyo kunye neenqwelo-moya ezineerotor ezininzi), kunye nezithuthi zasemajukujukwini.

Njengendlela yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphuma kumbhobho wokukhupha umsi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka emafutheni ambiwa phantsi komhlaba, oorhulumente kwiindawo ezininzi banikezela ngezikhuthazo ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=D'Errah|date=2025-07-15|title=Why India's e-truck incentive scheme can be a gamechanger for the economy and the environment|url=https://theicct.org/why-indias-e-truck-incentive-scheme-can-be-a-gamechanger-for-the-economy-and-the-environment-jul25/|website=International Council on Clean Transportation|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ITshayina lelona lizwe liphambili emhlabeni ekuveliseni izithuthi zombane. Libalelwa ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti emveliso yehlabathi kunye namamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe epesenti okuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi ngo-2024.

== Izalathiso ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1664" sha1="mkf92279vt68bcm0d3s7wz6atwhiuaz" xml:space="preserve">'''Isithuthi sombane (EV)''' sisithuthi esiqhutywa ikakhulu ngamandla ombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 October 2018|title=Glossary — Global Warming of 1.5 ºC|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/glossary/|website=[[IPCC]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=2024-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izithuthi zombane zibandakanya izithuthi ezihamba ezindleleni (iimoto, iibhasi, iilori kunye nezithuthi zokuthutha umntu ngamnye), izithuthi zikaloliwe (oololiwe, iitramu kunye noololiwe abahamba kumzila omnye), izikhephe nezithuthi ezihamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi, iinqwelo-moya (ezinamaphiko angatshintshiyo kunye neenqwelo-moya ezineerotor ezininzi), kunye nezithuthi zasemajukujukwini.

Njengendlela yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphuma kumbhobho wokukhupha umsi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka emafutheni ambiwa phantsi komhlaba, oorhulumente kwiindawo ezininzi banikezela ngezikhuthazo ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=D'Errah|date=2025-07-15|title=Why India's e-truck incentive scheme can be a gamechanger for the economy and the environment|url=https://theicct.org/why-indias-e-truck-incentive-scheme-can-be-a-gamechanger-for-the-economy-and-the-environment-jul25/|website=International Council on Clean Transportation|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ITshayina lelona lizwe liphambili emhlabeni ekuveliseni izithuthi zombane. Libalelwa ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe epesenti emveliso yehlabathi kunye namamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe epesenti okuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi ngo-2024.

== Izalathiso ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Lonathemba Mhlongo</title>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Lonathemba Mhlongo|image=|caption=|fullname=Lonathemba Mhlongo|birth_date={{birth date and age|2002|8|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Kwa-Zulu Natal]], [[South Africa]]|height=1.56 m|position=[[Defender (association football)|Defender]]|currentclub=[[University of the Western Cape Women's F.C.|Western Cape University]]|clubnumber=16|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=[[Edendale Technical High School]]|years1=|clubs1=[[Durban Ladies F.C.|Durban]]|caps1=|goals1=|years2=2022–|clubs2=[[University of the Western Cape Women's F.C.|University of the Western Cape]]|caps2=|goals2=|nationalyears1=2018|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national under-17 soccer team|South Africa U17]]|nationalyears2=2020–|nationalteam2=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]}}'''ULonathemba Mhlongo''' (owazalwa ngomhla we-23 ku-Agasti ngowama-2002) ngumdlali webhola ekhatywayo waseMzantsi Afrika odlala njengomkhuseli kwiDyunivesithi yaseNtshona Koloni kunye [[Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo lesizwe labasetyhini laseMzantsi Afrika|neqela lesizwe laseMzantsi Afrika]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lonathemba Mhlongo - stats, career and market value|url=https://www.fotmob.com/players/1555625/lonathemba-mhlongo|accessdate=2026-07-30|website=FotMob|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ESPN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lonathemba Mhlongo|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/stats/_/id/349165/lonathemba-mhlongo|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-07-30|website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=South Africa Women Squad|url=https://supersport.com/football/team/d356932b-3dc0-4778-b721-b677f5f41af0/squad|accessdate=2026-08-29|website=SuperSport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubomi eselula kunye nemfundo ==
UMhlongo wazalelwa [[NguMgungundlovu|e-Pietermaritzburg]], [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]], [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sithole|first=Lefa|date=2024-11-04|title=Lonathemba Mhlongo|url=https://www.sasolinsport.co.za/lonathemba-mhlongo/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=Sasol In Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ufunde kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e-Edendale Technical High School e-Pietermaritzburg, apho wayengumphathi weqela lebhola ekhatywayo labasetyhini lesikolo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=ngwern|date=2022-02-26|title=Edendale Technical High in Pietermaritzburg promotes sporting success|url=https://witness.co.za/sport/2022/02/26/edendale-technical-high-in-pietermaritzburg-promotes-sporting-success-20220226/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=The Witness|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; UneSatifikethi seMfundo ePhakamileyo Kwizifundo zoPhuhliso loQoqosho kwiDyunivesithi yaseNtshona Koloni (UWC).

== Umsebenzi ==
UMhlongo wayekhokhela iqela lebhola ekhatywayo le-Edendale Technical High School ngelixa wayephuhliswa ziinkqubo ze-Grassroots. Ngowama-2018, wakhethwa kwi-Women's National Team yabangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 laseMzantsi Afrika (iBantwana). Wayekwiinkampu zoqeqesho kunye namaqela okuhlungela i-Women's World Cup  yabangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 ye-FIFA yowama-2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lemke|first=Gary|date=2018-01-31|title=Bantwana targeting second U17 World Cup appearance|url=https://www.teamsa.co.za/bantwana-targeting-second-u17-world-cup-appearance/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=TeamSA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=SAFA|date=2018-04-22|title=Bantwana World Cup preparations kick off|url=https://safa.ptsportsuite.com/news/bantwana-world-cup-preparations-kick-off/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=South African Football Association|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngowama-2020, wakhethwa kwi-COSAFA Women's Championship. Umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wawudlala ne-Angola, apho wafaka inqaku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gibbs|first=Herman|date=2020-11-15|title=Banyana can only get better as young stars shine|url=https://iol.co.za/sport/soccer/banyana/2020-11-05-banyana-can-only-get-better-as-young-stars-shine/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=IOL}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngowama-2021, wajoyina i-Durban Ladies kwi-SAFA Women's League (i-Hollywoodbets Super League).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mshengu|first=Thami|date=2021-07-04|title=Hollywoodbets Super League Wrap 3 July 2021|url=https://www.thamisoccer.co.za/hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap-3-july-2021/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=ThamiSoccer|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngowama-2022, wakhethwa kuluhlu lokuqala lweBanyana Banyana elalizokudlalela i-Women's Africa Cup of Nations yowama-2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mphelo|first=Namhla|date=2022-06-01|title=Ellis names Banyana Banyana preliminary squad for AWCON|url=https://safa.ptsportsuite.com/uncategorized/ellis-names-banyana-banyana-preliminary-squad-for-awcon/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=South African Football Association|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mshengu|first=Thami|date=2022-06-20|title=Banyana Banyana 2022 WAFCON squad|url=https://www.thamisoccer.co.za/banyana-banyana-2022-wafcon-squad/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=ThamiSoccer|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakhethwa ukuba adlalele umdlalo wokuqala weBanyana Banyana emva kokuphumelela i-Women's Africa Cup of Nations yowama-2022, apho babedlala ne-Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sibembe|first=Yanga|date=2022-09-01|title=African champions Banyana face tough test against formidable Brazil|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-09-01-african-champions-banyana-face-tough-test-against-formidable-brazil/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=Daily Maverick|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Udlale umdlalo omnye kwi-Women's Africa Cup of Nations yowama-2024.Ukubonakala kwakhe kwafika kwinqanaba lamaqela ngelixa bedlala ne-Tanzania.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPN&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Solms|first=Leonard|date=2025-07-12|title=Women's AFCON: Defending champions South Africa held 1-1 by 10-woman Tanzania|url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/45719967/women-afcon-defending-champions-south-africa-held-1-1-10-woman-tanzania|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-07-30|website=africa.espn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona noku ==

* [[Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo lesizwe labasetyhini laseMzantsi Afrika|IBanyana Banyana]]
* I-Women's Africa Cup of Nations
* I- COSAFA Women's Championship

== Iireferensi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="529" sha1="jew7lkgey41v6xbp5q3v6hwajuau4ce" xml:space="preserve">'''Umzi''' ngumzi ngomfazi nendoda kwaye Isintu siwubhentsisa lomcimbi ngokungakhathaliyo, ngokungacengi, hayi ngenkolelo kodwa ngengqiqo engumgaqo weSintu. Lo ngundaba mlonyeni olwisayo amadoda namankazana adudelweyo ibengathi kuliwa mntu ukanti, lomcimbi umile kwaye unembali.

== Isisukulo somzi ==
Njengoonyana neentombi zomgquba, beSintu kumele kugqalwe kuqala emva kwintsusa, ingcambu ukuze yazeke ukuba kakuhle kufikwe njani apha. Okokuqala umzi ngowomfazi nendoda: hayi intombi okanye isoka lomfana. Kutheni kunjalo nje ?</text>
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    <title>Abantu bomthonyama</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374265464|Indigenous peoples]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Abantu bomthonyama''' [ a ] baphawulwa ngokuzazisa, ukwahluka kwenkcubeko yabo kweyamanye amaqela kwilizwe elithile, ubudlelwane obukhethekileyo nomhlaba wabo wendabuko, kunye namava okuthotyelwa nokucalucalulwa phantsi komzekelo wenkcubeko olawulayo, '''[ 1 ]''' nangona kungekho nkcazelo yamkelweyo ngokubanzi yale ngcamango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UN HCR-20132&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=United Nations Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner|date=2013|title=Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Human Rights System, Fact Sheet No. 9/Rev.2|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-no-09-rev-2-indigenous-people-and-united-nations-human-rights|url-status=live|accessdate=29 December 2023|website=United Nations|page=2|ref={{sfnref|UNHR Fact Sheet No. 9|2013}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cidh.org22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands and Natural Resources|url=http://cidh.org/countryrep/Indigenous-Lands09/Chap.III-IV.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601100727/http://cidh.org/countryrep/Indigenous-Lands09/Chap.III-IV.htm|archive-date=1 June 2020|accessdate=30 May 2020|website=[[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Cultural Survival32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McIntosh|first=Ian|date=September 2000|title=Are there Indigenous Peoples in Asia?|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/are-there-indigenous-peoples-asia|url-status=live|journal=Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422165651/https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/are-there-indigenous-peoples-asia|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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