AmaXhosa

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    <title>AmaXhosa</title>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi ===</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}</text>
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        <id>14703</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374508787|Xhosa people]]&quot;</comment>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>Abulele Jebese</username>
        <id>14703</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374508787|Xhosa people]]&quot;</comment>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.</text>
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      <id>42026</id>
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        <username>Abulele Jebese</username>
        <id>14703</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374508787|Xhosa people]]&quot;</comment>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; </text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; </text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]</text>
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      <id>42030</id>
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        <username>Abulele Jebese</username>
        <id>14703</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374508787|Xhosa people]]&quot;</comment>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; </text>
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    <revision>
      <id>42031</id>
      <parentid>42030</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abulele Jebese</username>
        <id>14703</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374508787|Xhosa people]]&quot;</comment>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <id>14703</id>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka..{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa izimamkeli (agglutinative) kunye neethoni, oluwela kudidi lweelwimi zesiBantu. Nangona amaXhosa ebiza ulwimi lwawo ngokuthi &quot;isiXhosa&quot;, ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba &quot;yisiXhosa&quot; ngesiNgesi. IsiXhosa esibhaliweyo sisebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kuonobumba besiLatini . IsiXhosa sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga ne-18% baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye siqondakala ngokufanayo nesiZulu, ingakumbi isiZulu esithethwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo zasezidolophini, bathetha nesiZulu kunye/okanye [[isiBhulu]] kunye/okanye isiNgesi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ucla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|archive-date=14 December 2007|accessdate=13 December 2006|website=UCLA Language Materials Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-12|title=Xhosa people|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_people&amp;oldid=1374508787|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]] .{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa izimamkeli (agglutinative) kunye neethoni, oluwela kudidi lweelwimi zesiBantu. Nangona amaXhosa ebiza ulwimi lwawo ngokuthi &quot;isiXhosa&quot;, ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba &quot;yisiXhosa&quot; ngesiNgesi. IsiXhosa esibhaliweyo sisebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kuonobumba besiLatini . IsiXhosa sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga ne-18% baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye siqondakala ngokufanayo nesiZulu, ingakumbi isiZulu esithethwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo zasezidolophini, bathetha nesiZulu kunye/okanye [[isiBhulu]] kunye/okanye isiNgesi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ucla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|archive-date=14 December 2007|accessdate=13 December 2006|website=UCLA Language Materials Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-12|title=Xhosa people|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_people&amp;oldid=1374508787|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://uvelaphi.africa/cultures/xhosa.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa izimamkeli (agglutinative) kunye neethoni, oluwela kudidi lweelwimi zesiBantu. Nangona amaXhosa ebiza ulwimi lwawo ngokuthi &quot;isiXhosa&quot;, ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba &quot;yisiXhosa&quot; ngesiNgesi. IsiXhosa esibhaliweyo sisebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kuonobumba besiLatini . IsiXhosa sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga ne-18% baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye siqondakala ngokufanayo nesiZulu, ingakumbi isiZulu esithethwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo zasezidolophini, bathetha nesiZulu kunye/okanye [[isiBhulu]] kunye/okanye isiNgesi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ucla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|archive-date=14 December 2007|accessdate=13 December 2006|website=UCLA Language Materials Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-12|title=Xhosa people|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_people&amp;oldid=1374508787|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://uvelaphi.africa/cultures/xhosa.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa izimamkeli (agglutinative) kunye neethoni, oluwela kudidi lweelwimi zesiBantu. Nangona amaXhosa ebiza ulwimi lwawo ngokuthi &quot;isiXhosa&quot;, ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba &quot;yisiXhosa&quot; ngesiNgesi. IsiXhosa esibhaliweyo sisebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kuonobumba besiLatini . IsiXhosa sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga ne-18% baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye siqondakala ngokufanayo nesiZulu, ingakumbi isiZulu esithethwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo zasezidolophini, bathetha nesiZulu kunye/okanye [[isiBhulu]] kunye/okanye isiNgesi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ucla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|archive-date=14 December 2007|accessdate=13 December 2006|website=UCLA Language Materials Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==
Umtshato wamaXhosa uqulethe amasiko nezenzo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kwesithethe samaXhosa. Ezi zenzo ziye zaqhutywa ngabantu bakwaXhosa amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ziye zafakwa nakwimitshato yale mihla. Injongo yezi zenzo kukudibanisa iintsapho ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunika isikhokelo kwisibini esisandul’ ukutshata kuyo yonke inkqubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;middelburgec.co.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Xhosa|url=http://www.middelburgec.co.za/page/culture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729124742/http://www.middelburgec.co.za/page/culture|archive-date=29 July 2017|accessdate=14 July 2017|website=Middelburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''AmaXhosa''' ( / ˈkɔː sə / KAW KAW, / ˈkoʊ sə / KOH KOH ; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – Definition and pronunciation|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa – pronunciation of Xhosa|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/Xhosa|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=Macmillan Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821113707/https://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/xhosa|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=Laurie|title=The Linguistics Student's Handbook|date=2007|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-74862-759-2|location=Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ) liqela lobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, eZimbabwe, eBotswana, eNamibia naseLesotho. Baluhlanga lwesibini ngobukhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwaye bathetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa. .

Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantu abavela kwizizwana  zakwaNguni ezahlala kumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, zaza zagxotha abemi bokuqala, amaKhoisan . Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba amaXhosa ebehlala kule ndawo ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Okwangoku, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abathetha isiXhosa abasasazeke  kuMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka 1994 iindawo ezazizilawula ngokwazo,  [[I-Transkei|aseTranskei]] [[Ciskei|naseCiskei]] zadityaniswa  noMzantsi Afrika, zaza zaba liphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|leMpuma Koloni]] .

Ukusukela ngonhaka ka 2003, uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, abamalunga nezigidi eziyi 19.8, bahlala eMpuma Koloni, kulandele iNtshona Koloni (malunga nesigidi esi-1), [[IPhondo yaRhawuti|iGauteng]] (971,045), [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|iFree State]] (546,192), [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|iKwaZulu-Natal]] (219,826), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Ntshona|iNorth West]] (214,461), [[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|iMpumalanga]] (46,553), [[IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni|iNorthern Cape]] (51,228), kunye [[IPhondo yaLimpopo|neLimpopo]] (14,225). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 July 2003|title=SouthAfrica.info|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050522081642/http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/demographics/census-main.htm|archive-date=22 May 2005|accessdate=2011-12-20|publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
 
Kufunyenwe ubungqina obuthile bemivubukulo obubonisa ukuba abantu abathetha isiXhosa bebehlala kwindawo yaseMpuma Koloni ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa - Red Blanket People - Tribe, South Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_xhosa.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaXhosa ale mihla ngabantu  bamaNguni .

=== Imvelaphi. ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Abantu bakwaXhosa ngabantwana bezinyanya zamaNguni. Imbali yomlomo yakwaXhosa ikwakhankanya indawo yokuhlala yembali ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Eluhlangeni', ekukholelwa ukuba yayikwiMpuma Afrika, apho amaNguni ahlala khona ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo lokufuduka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-12|title=Xhosa people|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_people&amp;oldid=1374508787|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xa benqumla iintaba nemilambo eMzantsi Afrika, aba balimi bezolimo abasebenza entsimini bazisa iinkomo neebhokhwe zabo baza bathatha amaqela amaSan abuthathaka kulo mmandla. Bazisa nezixhobo, ngakumbi ii-assegais zabo kunye neekhaka zabo, baza bakha amaqela okanye ubukhosi kunye nezikumkani, ingakumbi kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|yiMpuma Koloni]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://uvelaphi.africa/cultures/xhosa.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ngokwesithethe somlomo, uBukumkani bamaXhosa bale mihla basekwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-15 nguTshawe (igama lakhe elathatyathwa sisiduko sobukhosi samaXhosa), owabhukuqa umntakwabo uCirha (encediswa ngomnye umntakwabo uJwarha) ngoncedo lwesiduko samaNgwevu soBukumkani  bamaMpondomise . UTshawe kunye nomkhosi wakhe bahlanganisa amaqela azimeleyo akwaNguni kwiKumkani yamaXhosa. Izizwe zamaKhoekhoe zahlanganiswa, kuquka ama-Inqu, amaGiqwa, kunye {{Lang|xh|amaNgqosini}} (zombini imvelaphi yamaKhoi namaSotho). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence|date=1981|publisher=Ravan Press (Pty) Ltd|isbn=1868421597|edition=1st|location=Johannesburg|publication-date=1981|pages=13–20|language=en|trans-title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imizalwane eyayikade izimele (uninzi lwayo luvela kwizizwe zakwaKhoekhoe) kunye nobukumkani obuncinci kulo mmandla zaba phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshawe, zaza zamkela [[isiXhosa]] njengolwimi lwazo oluphambili.

Uluntu lwamaXhosa lwafikelela kwisikhundla sokulawula uninzi lwamaKhoe aseKapa, ​​lwandisa ulawulo lwalo lwada lwaya kutsho kwimida ekude yeCape Peninsula. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence By Jeffrey B. Peires {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/house-phalo-history-xhosa-people-days-their-independence-jeffrey-b-peires|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-03-27|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngokuhlaliswa kweKapa ngabemi baseYurophu ngonyaka ka 1652, abemi bomthonyama abangamaKhoisan batyhalwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma de, ngeminyaka yoo-1700, imida yeKoloni yaseKoloni yabatyhalela kude empuma ngokwaneleyo (kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoniyali nabemi bomthonyama obuqhekeka kakhulu) ukudala inkitha yabantu abanobutshaba ukumelana namakoloniyali eMpuma Koloni. Oku kuye kwaphumela ngaphandle [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|iimfazwe zaseKapa]], ezimele ezinye zezona mfazwe zinde ezazichasene nobukoloniyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A History of the Xhosa C.1700-1835|date=1976|publisher=Rhodes University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isiphumo sembali yayikukubekwa kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi bomthonyama baseKapa kwiindawo ezazibekelwe bucala zona kwelona cala lasempuma leKapa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu babeza kuqhubeka nokusebenza njengabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiKoloni yaseKapa. Ezi ndawo zazibekelwe bucala abantu bomthonyama zatshintshwa amagama zathiwa zii-&quot;homelands&quot; (amakhaya esizwe) kwinkulungwane yama-20, zaza zapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka ka1994, apho abantu babuyela kwimimandla ebanzi yaseKapa.
[[File:Lucas1861,_pg061_A_SKIRCMICH_IN_THE_OPEN.jpg|thumb| Ungquzulwano oluncinci ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leeMfazwe zamaXhosa]]]]
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaXhosa alwa aza agxotha izizwe ezininzi ezazibaleka amaZulu kwiKoloni yaseNatal, oku kwakungexesha lembali ye -mfecane . Abo bamkelweyo bahlanganiswa nendlela yokuphila yenkcubeko yamaXhosa baza balandela amasiko amaXhosa.  AmaXhosa abiza ezi zizwe ngeendidi ngeendidi ngokuthi ngamaMfengu, okuthetha abahambi, kwaye zazakhiwe zizizwe ezifana {{Lang|xh|[[amaBhaca]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Bhele|amaBhele]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[Hlubi people|amaHlubi]]}}, {{Lang|xh|[[House of Dlamini|amaZizi]]}} kunye noRhadebe. Unanamhla, inzala yamaMfengu iyinxalenye yamaXhosa kwaye ithetha isiXhosa kwaye ilandela inkcubeko yamaXhosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uvelaphi|url=https://www.uvelaphi.africa/cultures/fengu.html|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.uvelaphi.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Umanyano lwamaXhosa kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukumelana nokungena kwabahlali baseYurophu kwakuzakuthotywa ngamandla ziindlala kunye nohlukwano lwezopolitiko olwalandela intshukumo yokubulala iinkomo ka-1856–1858 . Izazi-mbali ngoku zijonga le ntshukumo njengempendulo yabantu abakholelwa kwimillennialism, zombini kwisifo semiphunga esasisasazeka phakathi kweenkomo zamaXhosa ngelo xesha, kwaye zingajongi ngqo uxinzelelo kuluntu lwamaXhosa olwalubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo komhlaba wabo kunye nokuzimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Jack|date=1984|title=The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry: A Critique and Reassessment|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636544|journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1080/03057078408708086|jstor=2636544|access-date=26 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi oku kungena kwangoko kuqoqosho lwemivuzo yimvelaphi yokugqibela yembali ende yobulungu bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nobunkokeli bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/226756141/Xhosa-People|accessdate=2026-09-22|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  Loo mbali izibonakalisa namhlanje ngamanqanaba aphezulu okumelwa kwamaXhosa kubunkokeli be- [[African National Congress]] (ANC), iqela lezopolitiko elilawulayo eMzantsi Afrika [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|kurhulumente]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The truth about the Xhosa Nostra|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-8-third-quarter-1997/the-truth-about-the-xhosa-nostra|accessdate=2024-02-22|website=Helen Suzman Foundation|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb| Imephu yaseMzantsi Afrika ebonisa indawo ephambili apho kuthethwa khona ulwimi  [[IsiXhosa|lwesiXhosa]] oluphambili ngombala oluhlaza.]]
IsiXhosa lulwimi olusebenzisa izimamkeli (agglutinative) kunye neethoni, oluwela kudidi lweelwimi zesiBantu. Nangona amaXhosa ebiza ulwimi lwawo ngokuthi &quot;isiXhosa&quot;, ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba &quot;yisiXhosa&quot; ngesiNgesi. IsiXhosa esibhaliweyo sisebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kuonobumba besiLatini . IsiXhosa sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga ne-18% baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye siqondakala ngokufanayo nesiZulu, ingakumbi isiZulu esithethwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiXhosa, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwiindawo zasezidolophini, bathetha nesiZulu kunye/okanye [[isiBhulu]] kunye/okanye isiNgesi. &lt;ref name=&quot;ucla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xhosa|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&amp;menu=004|archive-date=14 December 2007|accessdate=13 December 2006|website=UCLA Language Materials Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izithethe ezinxulumene nomtshato wesiXhosa ==
Umtshato wamaXhosa uqulethe amasiko nezenzo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kwesithethe samaXhosa. Ezi zenzo ziye zaqhutywa ngabantu bakwaXhosa amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ziye zafakwa nakwimitshato yale mihla. Injongo yezi zenzo kukudibanisa iintsapho ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunika isikhokelo kwisibini esisandul’ ukutshata kuyo yonke inkqubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;middelburgec.co.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Xhosa|url=http://www.middelburgec.co.za/page/culture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729124742/http://www.middelburgec.co.za/page/culture|archive-date=29 July 2017|accessdate=14 July 2017|website=Middelburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ihlabathi</title>
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      <text bytes="6458" sha1="c8mgnpm42ga4bkfyog2x3j2wjd0wj6p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg|thumb|Umhlaba]]
'''Ihlabathi''' okanye '''Umhlaba''' (uphawu: [[file:earth symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|🜨]]) yindawo eyiplanethi yesithathu ukusuka [[elangeni]] kwaye kukuphela kweplanethi eyaziwa njenge[[ubomi|nobomi]]kuyo. Ihlabathi eli [[ubudala beHlabathi|leenzeka kwisithuba sezigidigidi ezi4.5 billion zeminyaka eyadlulayo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;age earth&quot;&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century- a problem (mostly) solved|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Geological Society, London, Special Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt; lelinye leeplanethi ezine [[iplanethi eneempawu zehlabathi|ezinamatye]] ngaphakathi kwi''solar'' [[izinto ezijikeleze ilanga]]. Ezinye zazo zi[[IMercury (iplanethi)|iMercury]], [[iVenus]], kunye ne[[iMars|Mars]].

Ubunzima obukhulu [[mass]] belanga benza okokuba ihlabathi lili[[ukujikeleza|jikeleze ngokwesazinge]], kanye oku kobunzima behlabathi xa busenza okokuba [[inyanga]] ilijikeleze . Nehlabathi ngokunjalo liyazijikikelezela,  ngoko ke iindawo ngeendawo zijonge ngaselangeni ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ihlabathi lijikeleza [[ilanga]] kanye (kube kanye ngo&quot;[[year]]&quot;) qho kwisithuba esingangamawaka ama-365¼ lijikeleza oko (kanye ngo&quot;[[suku]]&quot;).

Inyanga ijikeleza umhlaba qho kwiintsuku ezimalunga nama-27⅓, kwaye ibanokukhanya okuvela elangeni. Njengokuba ihlabathi lijikelelza ilanga kwangelo xesha linye, ukutshintsha kokukhanya kwenyanga kuthatha iintsuku ezimalunga nama-29½ ukuba itshintshe ebumnyameni iye ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo isuke apho iphindele ebumnyameni kwakhona. Kulapho ke kwavela khona lo mbono we[[inyanga|nyanga]].    Kodwa ke ngoku iinyanga ezininzi zineentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ama-31 zitsho zikulungele ukwenza unyaka.

ihlabathi kukuphela kwe[[iplanethi|planethi]] kwinkqubo yethu yezinto ezijikeleza ilanga [[ubumanzi|enobumanzi]] obuninzi na[[amanzi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|title=Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life|accessdate=28 July 2009|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archive-date=10 February 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040210011241/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malunga nama71[[iipesenti|%]] zomhlaba zogqunywe [[iilwandle|ngeelwandle]]. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, maxa wambi kuthiwa y''iplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka''.  {{refn|''Blue Planet'' is a poetic title for the Earth used in [[movie]]s, in [[magazine|cheap paper book]]s, in [[poetry]], and in government reports (such as the [[European Space Agency]]'s &quot;[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf Exploring the water cycle of the 'Blue Planet']&quot;)}}

Ngenxa yamanzi ayo, ihlabathi lilikhaya lezigidi zeentlobo ze[[Isityalo|izityalo]] nezi[[izilwanyana|lwanyana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M|title= How many species are there on Earth|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=2009-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purves_et_al2001&gt;{{cite book | author=Purves, William Kirkwood ''et al'' | title=Life, the science of biology| publisher=Macmillan | page=455 | year=2001 | isbn=0716738732 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinto eziphila emHlabeni ziyitshinsthe kwaphela umphezulu nembonakalo yomhlaba. umzekelo, [[cyanobacteria]] ekuqaleni watshintsha [[umoya]] kwaye wayinika [[I-oxygen|I-oksijini]]. Indawo ephilayo kumphezulu woMhlaba ibizwa ngokuba yi &quot;[[I-Biosphere|biosphere]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|title= Origins of life on Earth|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Space.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Igophe lokujika==
[[File:AxialTiltObliquity.png|thumb|right|Ihlabathi lijika kwigophe ekuthiwa yi&quot;[[axial tilt]]&quot;) ngokunxulumene nomzila wayo ojikeleze langa]]Ihlabathi yinxalenye yee[[iplanethi|planethi]] ezisibhozo kwakunye nenxalenye yamawakawaka ezinto ezincinane ezizulazula zijikeleza [[ilanga]] njenge[[nkqubo yokujikeleza kwezinto ezingqonge ilanga]]. Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwezinto ezingqonge ilanga ihamba nge[[Ngalo yeOrion]] ye[[Milky Way]] [[Galaxy]] ngoku,  kwaye oku kuyakwenzeka isithuba seminyaka eli-10,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/030827a.html|title=Earth's location in the Milky Way|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ihlabathi ngokubanzi {{liguqula|150,000,000|km|mi|sp=us|disp=or|sigfig=2}} kude le kw[[ilanga]] (lo mgama ubizwa ngokuba yi&quot;[[Astronomical Unit]]&quot;). Umhlaba uhamba ngendlela yawo ngesantya [[esikumyinge]] wama {{convert|30|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on|disp=or|sigfig=2}} ngomzuzwana. &lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|title=NASA- an Earth fact sheet|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA|archive-date=2013-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508021904/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umhlaba ujika kuyo yonke le ndlela malunga ne-365¼ yamathuba athatyathwa lilanga ngelo xesha ke uMhlaba wona uchitha uyihamba yonke loo ndlela ujikeleza [[ilanga]].&lt;ref name=IERS&gt;{{cite web | author=Staff | date=2007-08-07 | url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html | title=Useful Constants | publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service| accessdate=2008-09-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuze kubekho usuku olude kunezinye qho ngonyaka, [[leap day|usuku olongezelelweyo]] lubakho qho kwiminyaka emine. kuthiwe ke lo nyaka yi&quot;[[leap year]]&quot;.

[[Inyanga]] ijikeleza umHlaba kumgama [[ongumyinge]] we {{convert|250,000|mi|km|sp=us|disp=or|disp=flip|sigfig=2}}. It is locked to Earth, so that it always has the same half facing the Earth; the other half is called the &quot;[[Dark Side of the Moon]]&quot;. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-27⅓ ukuba iNyanga ijikeleze umhlaba&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Top Moon Questions - NASA Science|url=https://science.nasa.gov/moon/top-moon-questions/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;wonke kodwa, ngenxa yokuba uMhlaba ujikeleza iLanga ngaxeshanye&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-05-30|title=Facts About Earth|url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-29½ ukuba iNyanga isuke ebumnyameni iye ebumnyameni iye ebumnyameni kwakhona. Kulapho igama elithi &quot;[[inyanga]]&quot; lavela khona, nangona iinyanga ezininzi ngoku zineentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-31

==Imithombo==
{{Reflist}}
[[Uluhlu:IAstronomi]]</text>
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    <title>Umlambo iAmazon</title>
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      <text bytes="10773" sha1="eo79c0uoywj7hi0euewt5krh74u1fah" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mouths of amazon geocover 1990.png|thumb| [[Satellite (artificial)|I-Satellite]] umfanekiso womlomo womlambo iAmazon]]
 
'''Umlambi iAmazon''' (ukwabizwa ngokuba yi''Rio de Anus'' nge[[Ulwimi lwesiphuthukezi|siPortuguese]] nange[[Spanish language|Spanish]]) ngowona mlambo mkhulu kumZantsi Melika.  Ngumlambo wesibini kweyakhe yamikhulu emhlabeni ulandela umlambo iNile kwaye uhamba ngehlathi letrophika lasemZantsi Melika, eBrazil kuphela. Ikomkhulu lawo likwiintaba zaseAndes ePeru, ekupheleni kwentshona yasemZantsi Melika uze urhibe wenjenjeya ukuya ngasempuma de uyekungena kulwandle lweAtlantic kufuphi ne-equator. Lo mlambo ngoyena wakhe wamkhulu ngokomthamo wamanzi awo. Ihambisa amanzi amaninzi kunalawo athwalwa yimilambo esibhozo elandela emva kwawo ngobukhulu idibene. I-Amazon inesitya sokuhluza amanzi esakhe sasikhulu emhlabeni. Ingamalunga nesihlanu sesiqingatha semilambo ebalekayo iyonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ngexesha lokuna kweemvula enyakeni, indawo zaseAmazon zibamanzi ngakumbi ngokumalunga ne[[km]] ngobubanzi babo. Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo, maxa wambi idbizwa njengo ''Mlambo-lwandle''.  yinkqubo yomlambo eyakhe yankulu kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, nangona ingengomlambo udlula yonke imilambo ngobude. Owona mlambo mde emhlabeni ngumlambo i[[I-Nile|Nile]]. &lt;ref&gt; {{cite book |title=LIFEPAC|last= Geography|first= History &amp;|authorlink= Theresa K. Buskey, B.A., J.D.|coauthors= Alan Christopherson, M.S., Annette M. Walker, B.S.|year= 2009|publisher= Alpha Omega publications|location= 804N. 2nd Ave. E., Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759|isbn= |pages= 19 to 20|url= }} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubungakanani nendlela yawo ==

[[File:Amazon river basin.png|thumb|Isitya seAmazon, kunye nemilambo ebaluleke kakhulu.  Nceda qaphela iiTocantini ziyinxalenye yesitya, nokokuba ayincedisani neAmazon]]
Yeminye yemilambo eyakhe yamide emhlabeni. Ziziintlobo ngeentlobo izifundo ezithe zabanjwa ngeenjongo zokuzama ukwenza umlinganiso wawo ochanekileyo. Njengoko izifundo zithe zaza namanani ahlukeneyo, kunzima ke ngoko ukunika elona nani lililo. Ubude nabo buyatshintsha ngexesha lemvula. Izifundo ezininzi ezenziwe e[[Brazil]], [[eSpain]] nase[[Chile]] zithi ngoyena mlambo mde emhlabeni, Mde nangaphezu kweNile. [[I-Nile]] ubude beNile bu ngama-6,571&amp;nbsp;eekm. IAmazon inganobude obungama-6,937 [[eekilometha]], iyodlula iNile 140&amp;nbsp;yeekm ngobude.&lt;ref&gt;Caderno Ciência, pág. 1, [[Folha de São Paulo]], 3 July,  2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://cienciaesaude.uol.com.br/ultnot/reuters/2007/06/01/ult4296u177.jhtm | title = Amazonas supera o Nilo como rio mais longo, dizem cientistas | last = Arce | first = Jean | date = 1 May, 2007 | journal = Uol | language=Portuguese |accessdate = 2008-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://www.opovo.com.br/opovo/brasil/704392.html | title = Amazonas é o rio mais extenso | last = Almeida | first = Maciel | date = 16 May, 2007 | journal = O POVO | citation = O rio Amazonas é o mais extenso do mundo e nasce ao sul do Peru e não ao norte, como dizem os atlas e livros escolares. Técnicos do IBGE concluíram que a extensão do rio Amazonas pode ultrapassar os 6,850 km, superando o rio Nilo | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | language = Portuguese | archive-date = 2007-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927084608/http://www.opovo.com.br/opovo/brasil/704392.html | dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iphephandaba lemihlangemihla labantetho isiSpanish [[El País]] ubude balo bungama 6.850 eekhilomitha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.coiculo/internacional/rio/largo/mundo/elpepuint/20070616elpepuint_2/Tes |title=''El río más largo del mundo'' |journal=El Pais| date= June 16, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oku kunokwenza okokuba ubemde ngeekhilomitha ezingama-40 kuneNile. Ngo2007, iingcali zasePeru naseBrazil zibale ubude bama-6,800&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|publisher=National Geographic|year=2007|accessdate=2015-03-27|archive-date=2007-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isifundo esathi senziwa ngo1969 sithi iAmazon inobude obungama-6,448&amp;nbsp;eekm. Oku kwathi kwathi kwenziwa umlinganiselo wendawo yom[[lambo iApurimac]]. De kwangeminyaka yoo1970, kwakucingwa okokuba [[umlambo iMarañón]] kwakuyintsusa yeAmazon. &lt;!--Ngo2001, an [[wikt:expedition|expedition]] found that [[Nevado Mismi]] was in fact the source of the Amazon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2000/12/1221amazon.html|title=Explorers Pinpoint Source of the Amazon|publisher=National Geographic News|date=December 21, 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another document of the Geographic society of Lima gives the length of the Amazon at over 7,000&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.palkiewicz.com/pdf/amazonRiver.pdf|title=The Amazon River without secrets|format=PDF|date=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The source of the Amazon is in the Andes Mountains of western South America. It flows east from there to the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the huge river and its many tributaries are in the country of Brazil. There are many places on the Amazon where a person on one side of the river cannot see the other side. The Brazilians call the Amazon the &quot;River Sea.&quot; The Amazon is navigable from the ocean to Peru. Ocean ships can travel on the Amazon all the way across Brazil, and most of South America, to the city of Iquitos in Peru.

One characteristic of the Amazon river is the ''Brazo Casiquiare'', a water connection to the [[Orinoco]] river, that connects the two basins.

== Estuary ==
[[File:Amazon-river-delta-NASA.jpg|thumb|right|A satellite image of the mouth of the Amazon River, looking south]]
The [[estuary]] of the Amazon is about {{convert|330|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} wide. The width of the mouth of the river is usually measured from [[Cabo do Norte]] to [[Punto Patijoca]]. Generally, the outlet of the [[Para River]] is included. It is  {{convert|60|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} wide, and forms the estuary of the  [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]] . The estuary also includes  the [[island]] of [[Marajó]], which lies in the mouth of the Amazon. This means that the Amazon is wider at its mouth than the entire length of the [[Thames]] in [[England]].

Along the coastline, near Cabo do Norte,  there are many [[island]]s partially covered with water. There are also [[sandbank]]s. The [[tide]]s of the [[Atlantic]] generate a [[wave]] that reaches into the Amazon river. This wave goes along the coast for about {{convert|160|km|mi|0|abbr=off}}. The [[phenomenon]] of this wave generated by the tides is called [[tidal bore]]. Locally it is known as ''[[pororoca]]''. The pororoca occurs where the water is less than {{convert|7|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} [[depth|deep]]. It starts with a loud noise, and advances at a speed of  {{nowrap|15–25 km/h}} {{nowrap|(9–16 mph)}}. The bore is the reason the Amazon does not have a [[river delta|delta]]. The ocean rapidly carries away the large amount  of [[silt]] brought by the Amazon. This makes it impossible for a delta to grow past the [[shore]]line. It also has a very large tide, that can reach  {{convert|6|m|ft|0|abbr=off}}. The place has become popular for [[river surfing]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://fogonazos.blogspot.com/2007/03/pororoca-surfing-amazon.html |title=Pororoca: surfing the Amazon |accessdate=2008-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A phenomenon that is very similar occurs at the mouth of the [[Orinoco]].

== Bridges ==
There are no [[bridge]]s across the entire length of the river.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon_(river).html|title= Amazon (river)|publisher=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia|edition=2007|accessdate=2007-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306073804/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon_%28river%29.html|archivedate=2008-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; This is not because the river would be too wide to bridge; for most of its length, [[engineer]]s could build a bridge across the river easily. For most of its course, the river flows through the [[Amazon Rainforest]]. There are very few [[road]]s and [[city|cities]]. Most of the time, the crossing can be done by a [[ferry]], so there is no need to build a bridge. The Manaus Iranduba Bridge linking the cities of Manaus and Iranduba spans the [[Rio Negro]] (a tributary of the Amazon).

The river is the main route of traffic in the region. Most cities are on the banks of the river. The biggest city on the river is [[Manaus]], which is also the capital of the [[Brazil]]ian State of [[Amazonas (Brazil)|Amazonas]]. Many native peoples live in the Amazon, such as the [[Urarina]]&lt;ref&gt;http://www.upf.com/book.asp?id=DEANXS07&lt;/ref&gt; who live in Peru.
--&gt;

== Indlela ehamba iinqanawa xa zisiya kushishina ==
Iinqanawa ezinkulu zingadibana nomlambo Big ocean ships can get up the river until [[Manaus]], which is almost 1500 kilometers from its mouth. Smaller ocean ships of 3,000 tons &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon.html |title=Amazon - MSN Encarta |accessdate=2015-03-27 |archive-date=2009-10-31 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwDrwYKD?url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571466/Amazon.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; and 7.9&amp;nbsp;m (26&amp;nbsp;ft) [[Draft (nautical)|draft]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ultramargroup.com/TextosPeru/Marc-013.html Peru port information]&lt;/ref&gt; can reach as far as [[Iquitos]] in [[Peru]], 3,700&amp;nbsp;km (2,300 miles) from the sea. Smaller riverboats can reach 780&amp;nbsp;km (486&amp;nbsp;mi) higher as far as [[Actual Point]]. Beyond that, small boats frequently go up to the [[Pogo Ode Escherichia's]], just above Actual Point.

== Izalathiso ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== Other websites ==
{{Commons|Amazon River}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418021122/http://www.destination360.com/south-america/brazil/amazon.php Amazon River and Amazon Rainforest virtual tour]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100206042928/http://www.extremescience.com/AmazonRiver.htm Information on the Amazon from Extreme Science]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050205084049/http://mitosyfraudes.8k.com/photoEng-2.html Map of South America]
* [http://www.underwatercolours.com/amazon/ss07.html Pictures of the Amazon River]
* [http://www.junglephotos.com Amazon River and rain forest photos and information]
* [http://www.mbarron.net/Amazon An Amazon River web site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041214073810/http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=410&amp;theme=2 Information and a map of the Amazon's watershed]
* [http://www.arquipelagotours.com/Amazon river tours]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amazon}}

[[Category:Milambo]]
[[Category:Masiguqule]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1427" sha1="06mt65bvl4lakf27dq1445t1bo00a70" xml:space="preserve">'''umzimba womntu''' uyiyo yonke into ebasisakhiwo so[[umntu|mntu ophilayo]] kwaye une[[intloko yomntu|ntloko]], une[[intamo yomntu|ntamo]], [[ibesisibhukubhuku somzimba]] (esiquka [[umntla]] [[umzantsi|nomzantsi womzimba]], [[iingalo]] kunye ne[[izandla|zandla]], [[imilenze yomntu|imilenze]] kunye nee[[unyawo|nyawo]].
Onke amalungu omzimba enziwe ngeentlobo-ntlobo zee-[[iiceels ngokwakwa-biology|cells]], nekuyeyona nto isisiseko sobomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alberts2002&quot;&gt;[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=books&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=Cell+Movements+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Vertebrate+Body+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+374635%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4.section.3919 Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body] in Chapter 21 of ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140107042548/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?cmd=Search&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=cell%20biology%20AND%20mboc4%5Bbook%5D%20AND%20373693%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4 Molecular Biology of the Cell]'' fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science.&lt;br /&gt; The Alberts text discusses how the &quot;cellular building blocks&quot; move to shape developing [[embryo]]s. It is also common to describe small molecules such as [[amino acid]]s as &quot;[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&amp;db=books&amp;doptcmdl=GenBookHL&amp;term=%22all+cells%22+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+372023%5Buid%5D&amp;rid=mboc4.section.4#23 molecular building blocks]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ikhemikhali</title>
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      <text bytes="7138" sha1="ms3f35i6tk7j5e9xdudnpl2yis5dxy5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sulfur.jpg|thumb|Ilungu lekhemikhali eliy[[i-sulphur]] limile njenge-crystalline]]
[[File:Brom_amp.jpg|thumb|I-Bromine ilelinye kumalungu amabini angamanzi, akwiqondo lama-25°C. Elesibini ilungu y[[i-Mercury]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ryan&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Ryan, Lawrie&amp;#x20;(2001).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Ilungu lekhemikhali '''liy[[i-substance]] enohlobo lwe-atom olunye kuphela. Ukuba i-substance ineentlobo zee-atoms ezimbini nangaphezulu,  yi-compound. I-element isenokuba yi-solid, yi-liquid okanye onye i-gas. Eyona particle incinane ye-element elolo hlobo yi-atom. Ii-atoms zenziwe ngee- [[Ii-protons|protons]], ii-neutrons, nangee-[[Ii-electrons|electrons]].

Ilungu ngalinye linohlobo lwe-atom olunye kuphela.&lt;ref name=&quot;brand&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Brand, Ian&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Grime, Richard&amp;#x20;(2002).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Inani lee-protons ezikwi-atom libizwa ngokuba yi-atomic number okanye yinombolo ye-atom, umzekelo, zonke ii-atoms ezinee-protons ezi-6 zezelungu lekhemikhali eliyi-carbon, kwaye zonke ii-atoms ezinee-protons ezingama-92 zona zezelungu ekuthiwa yi-uranium.

Inombolo okanye iinani lee-protons kwi-nucleus lenza i-electric charge yayo. Oku ke kulungisa inani lee-[[Ii-electrons|electrons]] ukuze zibe kwimeko yazo yesiqhelo ek(ukumanyana) kwazo. Ii-electrons kwi-atomic orbitals yazo ziqinisekisa iintlobo-ntlobo zee-mpawu zekhemikhali. 

Amalungu okanye ii-elements zisisiseko sazo zonke iintlobo zee-substances. Xa zithe zadityaniswa, zingenza izinto ekuthiwa zi- [[I-Molecule|imolecules]].

I-118 yeentlobo ngeentlobo zamalungu eekhemikhali  ziyaziwa kwi-[[IKhemistri|khemistri]] yala maxesha siphila kuwo. Ngama-92 ala malungu afumanekayo kwindalo,&lt;ref name=&quot;ryan&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Ryan, Lawrie&amp;#x20;(2001).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye ezinye zingenziwa kuphela kwii-laboratories. Umzimba womntu wenziwe ngamalungu anga-26.&lt;ref name=&quot;ryan&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Ryan, Lawrie&amp;#x20;(2001).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ilungu lendalo nekulelokugqibela elathi labhaqwa laliyi-uranium, ngo-1789.&lt;ref name=&quot;sl2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Devlin,&amp;#x20;Jacinta&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Cochrane, Helen&amp;#x20;(2005).&amp;#x20;&quot;1&quot;&amp;#x20;(in English).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ce.com&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/u.html &quot;Periodic Table: Uranium&quot;].&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Uzenzele wokuqala yaba yi-Technetium, ngo-1937.

Amalungu ekhemikhali ahlala ebekwa ngokulandelelana kwawo kwi-periodic table. Apho athi adweliswe khona nalapho sixelelwa khona ngeenkcukacha ezenza zibe nonxulumano  namanye amalungu eekhemikhali.  

== Isimboli yeekhemikhali ==
Ilungu lekhemikhali ngalinye linikwa'' uphawu okanye isimboli eyodwa'' eyenza okokuba lahluke kuzo zonke ezinye iikhemikhali.   Impawu okanye iisimboli yekhemikhali zisetyenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Oko kuthetha okokuba, akukhathaliseki nokokuba uthetha oluphi ulwimi, akukho kubhideka malunga nokokuba ithetha ukuthini na le nto  iluphawu okanye isimboli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110302152409/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemical_material_behaviour/atoms_elements/revise3.shtml &quot;BBC Bitesize: Science: Chemical and material behaviour: Atoms and elements: Chemical symbols&quot;].&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Iimpawu okanye isimboli yekhemikhali kumalungu ayo zivela kumagama azo angesiNgesi okanye isiLatini.  Umzekelo, i-carbon inophawu okanye isimboli yekhemikhali engu'C', kanti yona i-sodium inesimboli yekhemikhali engu'Na', ithiywa ngegama lesiLatini elithi ''natrium''. I-Tungsten yona ibizwa ngokuba yi-'W' ithiywe ngegama lesiJamani elithi, ''wolfram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;sl2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Devlin,&amp;#x20;Jacinta&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Cochrane, Helen&amp;#x20;(2005).&amp;#x20;&quot;1&quot;&amp;#x20;(in English).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;/&gt; I-'Au' yisimboli yegolide kwaye ivela kwigama lesiLatini elimele igolide nelaziwa ngokuba yi-''aurum''.&lt;ref name=&quot;brand&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Brand, Ian&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Grime, Richard&amp;#x20;(2002).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cd&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Kidd, D. A.&amp;#x20;(2008).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Enye isimboli evela kwisiLatini yi-'Ag'. Eli lilungu lekhemikhali eyi-silver kwaye livela kwisiLatini esingu-''argentum''.&lt;ref name=&quot;cd&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Kidd, D. A.&amp;#x20;(2008).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Isimboli ye-Lead, yi-'Pb', ivela kwigama lesiLatini elithi ''plumbum''&lt;ref name=&quot;cd&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Kidd, D. A.&amp;#x20;(2008).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; nakwigama lesiNgesi elithi plumber lakhutshwa kweli gama kuba imibhobho yayisayakwenziwa ngesiciko.&lt;ref name=&quot;ryan&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Ryan, Lawrie&amp;#x20;(2001).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iisimboli zeekhemikhali zaathiywa ngoosoziwayo, ezo ke zezifana ne-einsteinium, eyathiywa ngoAlbert Einstein.&lt;ref name=&quot;sl2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;Devlin,&amp;#x20;Jacinta&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Cochrane, Helen&amp;#x20;(2005).&amp;#x20;&quot;1&quot;&amp;#x20;(in English).&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ii-Compounds ==
Ii-Elements okanye amalungu zingadibana (ngoku-react''ha'') ukuze zenze ii-pure compounds (ezifana n[[amanzi]], iityuwa, ii-oxides, kunye nee-organic compounds). Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi compounds zine-fixed composition kwane-structure zazo nee- [[Iimpawu|properties]]. Ii-properties ze-compound zingahluka kakhulu kwii-elements ezenziwe kuzo. I-Sodium y-[[I-metal|imetal]] etshayo xa ithe yabekwa emanzini ane- chlorine iba yi-gas eyityhefu. xa zithe zadibana kwenzeka i-''sodium chloride'' (ityuwa) into ke leyo engenabungozi kwaye yinto esenokusetyenziswa luluntu mhlawumbi ekutyeni.   

== Imixube ==
Ezinye ii-elements, ingakumbi ii-elements ze-metal ziyadibana zizodwa nangayiphi na i-proportion ukuze zenze izi-structures esintsha.  Ezo structures ezintsha azizo compounds. zibizwa ngokuba y[[Umxube|imixube]].

== Ii-Isotopes ==
Uninzi lwee-elements endalweni lwenziwe ngee-atoms ezinamanani ee-neutrons awohlukenenyo okanye angafaniyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;salters&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation book&quot;&gt;&amp;#x20;''Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Ideas''&amp;#x20;(Third ed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; I-isotope luhlobo lwe-element olunenani elithile lee-neutrons. Umzekelo, i-carbon inee-isotopes ezimbini ezingagungqiyo kwelo nani, ezi ke zii-isotopes ezizenzekelayo:  i-carbon-12 (inee-neutrons ezi-6) ne-carbon-13 (ii-neutrons ezisi-7). I-Carbon-14 (nee-neutrons ezisi-8) yi-radioactive isotope e-carbon ezenzekelayo. Kwi-element nganye, ngaphandle kwe-Ununoctium, zimbini ii-isotopes ziyaziwa.  

== Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-elements ==
Ii-elements zingahlulwahlulwa ngokwee- physical states. Kubushushu bendlu kwanoxinzelelo, uninzi lwee-elements kuzii-[[I-solid|solids]], zili-11 kuphela ezizii-gases ezimbini zibe zii-liquids.

Ii-elements zisenokwahlulwa-hlulwa zibe zii-[[I-metal|metals]] nee-[[I-nonmetal|non-metals]]. Kukwakho nezinye ezininzi ii- metals kunee-non-metals.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-elements ezimbalwa phakathi kwezizii-metals nakwezo zizii-non-metals. Ezi elements zibizwa ngokuba zii-semimetals (okanye ii-metalloids).

== Imithombo ==
&lt;div class=&quot;reflist&quot; style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot;&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khemikhali}}

[[Category:IKhemistri]]
[[Category:IKhemikhali| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Brazil national football team</title>
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      <text bytes="65903" sha1="r1xyc2lg7cml33ulipv1p2uprj8n2qf" xml:space="preserve">I - '''Brazil wesizwe name iqela''' ({{lang-pt|Seleção Brasileira de Futebol}}) limele [[Brasil|Brazil]] kwi-ngamazwe abantu ke [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|association name]]. Brazil ngu yanikezela yi - [[Brazilian Football Confederation|Isijapani Name Confederation]] (CBF), elawula umzimba kuba name kwi-Brazil. Baya zithe ilungu [[FIFA]] ukusukela ngo-1923 kwaye ilungu CONMEBOL ukusukela 1916. Brazil lelona ngempumelelo wesizwe name qela kwi-ngamazwe ukhuphiswano, ifumana i - [[FIFuRoni da Futboll|FIFA World Cup]] ezintlanu umphinda-phinde ngo: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 kwaye 2002. Brazil kanjalo ingaba eyona yayo yonke yokusebenza kwi World Cup imbali kuzo zombini iliza elingunxantathu kwaye elililo imiqathango kunye imbali 70 victories kwi-104 iyahambelana idlalwe, 119 imbono umahluko, 227 amanqaku kwaye kuphela 17 ilahleko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Soccer World Cup All-Time Standings|url=http://www.thesoccerworldcups.com/statistics/all_time_standings.php|accessdate=2014-08-03|publisher=Thesoccerworldcups.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_table_of_the_FIFA_World_Cup All-time table of the FIFA World Cup]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIFA World Cup™ - All-time rankings|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202134/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/tournaments/worldcup/alltimerankings.html|deadurl=yes|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/tournaments/worldcup/alltimerankings.html/|accessdate=2014-08-03|archivedate=July 14, 2014|publisher=FIFA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Cup &quot; All-time league table|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/alltime_table/wm//|accessdate=2014-08-03|publisher=Worldfootball.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; - Brazil kuphela iqela lesizwe ukuya kuba idlalwe kuzo zonke Indebe Yehlabathi iintlelo ngaphandle na okanye kubekho imfuneko playoffs.&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup Brazil at the FIFA World Cup]&lt;/ref&gt;  - ''seleção'' kanjalo kakhulu ngempumelelo wesizwe qela kwi - FIFA Confederations Indebe nabane amaphawu: 1997, 2005, ngo-2009 kwaye 2013, ekubeni holder ka-yokugqibela iwonga tournament.

National name njengesiqhelo ka-Brazil, i - [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] kwaye France kukho kuphela wesizwe njengesiqhelo ukuba kuba uphumelele ezintathu ibaluleke kakhulu abantu ke, amaphawu lunxulumano yi - [[FIFA]]: Indebe Yehlabathi, Confederations Indebe, kwi-olimpiki tournament. Baya kuba kanjalo uphumelele bazo continental championship (Copa América kuba Brazil Argentina, kwaye UEFA European Championship kuba France).

Brazil ingaba [[World Football Elo Ratings#Strongest teams since the mid to late 1960s|zonke-ixesha ephezulu ''avareji'' Name Elo Umyinge]] kunye 2017.9, kwaye wesithathu lonke ixesha ''ephezulu'' Name Elo Umyinge kunye 2160 ngowe-1962, kuphela emva Hungary Indlela: Iqela ka-1954 kwaye isijamani iqela yowama-2014. Abaninzi elibalulekileyo commentators cinga i-Brazil iqela le 1970 ukuya kuba likhulu association name iqela ngonaphakade, nangona abanye argue kunjalo kuba ezinye njengesiqhelo, ezifana Brazil iqela ka-1958 okanye 1962, kunye honorary mentions kuba gifted 1982 icala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Greatest1970-Beckenbauer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Beckenbauer diz que Brasil de 1970 foi melhor seleção de todos os tempos|title=Beckenbauer diz que Brasil de 1970 foi melhor seleção de todos os tempos|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/esportes/poliesportiva/conteudo.phtml?id=1352351&amp;tit=Beckenbauer-diz-que-Brasil-de-1970-foi-melhor-selecao-de-todos-os-tempos|accessdate=July 1, 2013|publisher=Gazeta do Povo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Greatest1958-Zico&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/05/sport/football/zico-pele-garrincha-football|title=Soccer great Zico: Brazil '58 best team ever|work=Zico|publisher=CNN|accessdate=July 1, 2013|date=July 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Greatest1970vSpain&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-greatest-team-of-all-time-brazil-1970-v-spain-2012-7905980.html?|title=The greatest team of all time: Brazil 1970 v Spain 2012|work=The Independent|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=July 1, 2013|location=London|first=Jack|last=Pitt-Brooke|date=July 3, 2012|archive-date=December 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214042508/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-greatest-team-of-all-time-brazil-1970-v-spain-2012-7905980.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BleacherReport&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spain vs. Italy: Euro 2012 Final Not Enough to Crown Spain Best Ever|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1244044-spain-vs-italy-euro-2012-final-not-enough-to-crown-spain-best-ever|accessdate=June 30, 2013|publisher=Bleacher Report}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Greatest1970-Mail&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1175630/THE-LIST-The-10-greatest-football-teams-time.html|title=THE LIST: The 10 greatest football teams of all time|work=Mail Online|publisher=Daily Mail (UK)|accessdate=July 1, 2013|location=London|first=Nick|last=Metcalfe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Football Pantheon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The 30 greatest international teams of all time|url=http://footballpantheon.com/2011/06/the-30-greatest-international-teams-of-all-time/11/|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirror.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Phenomenal goals, silky skills and tight blue shorts - Why Brazil 1982 was the best World Cup team ever|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2014/phenomenal-goals-silky-skills-tight-3665257|publisher=Mirror.co.uk|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=World Cup 2014: This is not the Brazil of 1970 or 1982 - substance over style is key|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10893466/World-Cup-2014-This-is-not-the-Brazil-of-1970-or-1982-substance-over-style-is-key.html|publisher=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Thescore.ie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The cult World Cup teams we loved: Brazil 1982|url=http://www.thescore.ie/brazil-1982-world-cup-cult-teams-1488441-Jun2014|accessdate=July 14, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607002626/http://www.thescore.ie/brazil-1982-world-cup-cult-teams-1488441-Jun2014/|archivedate=June 7, 2014|df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brazil kuphela iqela lesizwe ukuya kuba uphumelele Indebe Yehlabathi kwi ezine ezahlukeneyo continents: xa Aseyurophu ([[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958 Sweden]]), kanye Emzantsi Emelika (1962 Chile), kabini North America (1970 Mexico kwaye 1994 sasemerika) kwaye kanye kwi-e-Asia (2002 Korea/Sasejapan). Baye kanjalo share kunye Spain imbali 35 consecutive ngamazwe iyahambelana undefeated.&lt;ref&gt;''In Portuguese, please use a translator'' - https://web.archive.org/web/20140111010723/http://www.publico.pt/noticia/brasil-tem-como-recorde-45-jogos-consecutivos-sem-perder-segundo-a-cbf-1387806&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/06/20/confedcup.spain.southafrica|title=Spain win again to extend unbeaten streak|publisher=CNN|accessdate=August 8, 2014|date=June 20, 2009|archive-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009235011/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/06/20/confedcup.spain.southafrica/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''In Portuguese, please use a translator'' - https://web.archive.org/web/20200107175203/https://globoesporte.globo.com/blogs/memoria-ec/&lt;/ref&gt; ezenzeka quip malunga name: &quot;''Os ingleses o inventaram, os brasileiros o aperfeiçoaram''&quot; (&quot;I-English invented ke, Brazilians nokugqibeleleyo ngayo&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;perfectedfootball&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2008|title=The birth of a revolution|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104044031/http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid%3D820402.html?cid=rssfeed&amp;att=|deadurl=yes|url=http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=820402.html?cid=rssfeed&amp;att=|accessdate=February 19, 2009|archivedate=November  4, 2012|publisher=[[FIFA]].com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Futebol: Brasil x Itália em 2009|url=http://www.setelagoas.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=900:futebol-brasil-x-italia-em-2009&amp;catid=27:futebol&amp;Itemid=5|accessdate=August 11, 2012|publisher=Setelagoas.com.br|archive-date=January 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013336/http://setelagoas.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=900:futebol-brasil-x-italia-em-2009&amp;catid=27:futebol&amp;Itemid=5|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali ==

=== Phambi kwexesha imbali (1914-57) ===
[[File:Brazil_national_1914.jpg|right|thumb|Wokuqala Brazil wesizwe iqela ngonaphakade, 1914.]]
[[File:Brazil_v_Exeter_City_(1914).jpg|right|thumb|Brazil ke kuqala thelekisa ekhaya ngokuchasene Exeter Isixeko ngowe-1914.]]
Kubalulekile ngokubanzi babekholelwa ukuba lokuqala lomdlalo we-Isijapani wesizwe name. ke 1914 uthelekiso phakathi [[Rio de Janeiro]] kwaye São Paulo khetha iqela kwaye isixhosa club Exeter Isixeko, ebibanjwe kwi - Fluminense ke stadium. - Brazil uphumelele 2-0 nge njongo ngu-Oswaldo Gomes kwaye Osman,&lt;ref name=&quot;times-magicofbrazil&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article436860.ece|title=Magic of Brazil comes to a corner of Devon|work=[[The Times]]|date=May 15, 2009|location=London|first=Tom|last=Dart|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214203439/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian-howgrecians&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/may/31/sport.comment1|title=Grecians paved way despite kick in teeth|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=May 31, 2004|accessdate=May 15, 2009|location=London os|first=Alex|last=Bellos}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt; nangona kubalulekile thathwa ukuba thelekisa yaba 3-3 zoba.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph-exetfilha da lula am&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2377529/Exeter-fix-dream-date-against-Brazil.html|title=Exeter fix dream date against Brazil|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=April 23, 2004|accessdate=May 20, 2009|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indy-brazilpastmasters&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/brazils-past-masters-outsamba-exeter-in-90year-rematch-565306.html|title=Brazil's past masters out-samba Exeter in 90-year rematch|work=[[The Independent]]|date=May 31, 2004|accessdate=May 20, 2009|location=London|first=Danielle|last=Demetriou|archive-date=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100613023818/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/brazils-past-masters-outsamba-exeter-in-90year-rematch-565306.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwi-umahluko yalo elizayo impumelelo, iqela lesizwe ke kwangoko appearances bengengabo brilliant. Enye phambi kwexesha iyahambelana idlalwe ngethuba ukuba ixesha ziquka eziliqela eyobuhlobo imidlalo ngokuchasene Argentina (ekubeni woyisa 3-0), Chile (kuqala ngowe-1916) kwaye Uruguay (wokuqala ngojulayi 12, 1916).&lt;ref name=&quot;early&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Seleção Brasileira 1914-1922|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil191422.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; nangona Kunjalo, kukhokelele yi-goalscoring abilities ka - Aph Friedenreich, baba victorious ekhaya kwi - Afrika i-american Championships ngowe - 1919, repeating zabo victory, kanjalo ekhaya, ngowe - 1922.

Ngowe-1930, Brazil idlalwe kwi - lokuqala World Cup, ebibanjwe kwi-Uruguay ngowe-1930. I-squad woyisa Bolivia kodwa khangela ukuba Eyugoslavia, ekubeni eliminated ukususela ukhuphiswano. Baye balahleka lokuqala macala onke, ukuba Spain ngowe - 1934 kwi - [[IItaly|Italy]], kodwa ufikelele semi-finals kwi - France ngowe - 1938, ekubeni woyisa ngo 2-1 eventual winners Italy. Brazil baba kuphela emzantsi Afrika i-american iqela ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu ukhuphiswano.

Emva ekubeni victorious kwi wesithathu emzantsi Afrika i-american Championship ngowe - 1949 Brazil kuqala kwenzeka ngamazwe prominence xa oko lonwabisa i - 1950 FIFA World Cup. Eli qela sangena yokugqibela umdlalo we-final round, ngokuchasene Uruguay e Estádio ingaba Maracanã kwi-Rio, kokufuna kuphela zoba ukuphumelela Indebe Yehlabathi. Uruguay, nangona kunjalo, uphumelele uthelekiso kunye Nendebe kwi umdlalo waziwa njengo &quot;i-Maracanazo&quot;. Uthelekiso kukhokelele ixesha wesizwe ngokulila.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/ghosts-of-uruguays-1950-world-cup-upset-still-haunt-some-in-brazil/2014/06/18/01cf598a-f728-11e3-9e63-ec28e320b8bf_story.html|title=Ghosts of Uruguay’s 1950 World Cup upset still haunt some in Brazil|date=|accessdate=11 July 2014|work=The Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuba 1954 Indebe Yehlabathi kwi-Senegal, Isijapani iqela waba ke phantse ngokupheleleyo renovated, kunye iqela colours ezitshintshiweyo (entsha uyilo yi - Aldyr Schlee) ukususela zonke mhlophe ukuba etyheli, blue kwaye oluhlaza yesizwe iflegi, xana i-Maracanazo, kodwa nangona kunjalo kokuba iqela inkwenkwezi abadlali. Brazil ufikelele kwikota-zokugqibela, apho baye babethwa 4-2 yi-tournament favourites Hungary kwi omnye ugliest ezingqamanayo name imbali, yaziwa njenge Idabi Berne.&lt;ref name=&quot;usatodayworldcups&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/worldcup/history-50-70.htm|title=World Cup and U.S. soccer history: 1950–1970|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=February 12, 2009|date=May 9, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Indlela: Era kunye Pelé (1958-70) ===
[[File:Bra_par1959ca.jpg|thumb|I-Brazil wesizwe qela kwi - 1959 Copa América.]]
Kuba i - 1958 Indebe Yehlabathi, i-Brazil baba ngokulinganayo! kwi-iqela ne England, USSR kwaye Austria. Baya wambetha Austria 3-0 zabo kuqala thelekisa, ngoko ke kutsalwe 0-0 ne England. Phambi thelekisa, coach Vicente Feola made ezintathu substitutions okokuba baba crucial kuba Brazil ukuba yoyisa Soviets: Zito, Garrincha kwaye [[Pelé]]. Ukususela kick-ngaphandle, abo bagcina phezulu uxinzelelo relentlessly, kwaye emva ezintathu imizuzu, ezaye kamva njengoko kuchaziwe &quot;elikhulu ezintathu imizuzu kwi-imbali name&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;garrincha122&quot;&gt;''Garrincha'' 122.&lt;/ref&gt; Vavá wanika i-Brazil baphile. Baya uphumelele uthelekiso ngo 2-0. Pelé scored kuphela imbono yabo kwikota-zokugqibela thelekisa ngokuchasene Wales, kwaye baya wambetha France 5-2 kwi-semi-zokugqibela. Brazil ke wambetha Sweden 5-2 kwi final, ifumana yabo yokuqala World Cup kwaye wokuba lokuqala isizwe ukuphumelela i-World Cup isihloko ngaphandle eyakhe lizwekazi.

Kwi - 1962 Indebe Yehlabathi, i-Brazil earned yayo yesibini isihloko kunye Garrincha njengoko inkwenkwezi umdlali, mantle kwaye uxanduva wabeka phezu kwakhe emva rhoqo talisman, Pelé, waba injured ngexesha yesibini iqela thelekisa ngokuchasene Czechoslovakia kwaye ayikwazi ukudlala kuba kuphumla ye-tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 23, 1940|title=FIFA Classic Player|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/players/player=63869/index.html|accessdate=August 11, 2012|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-date=February 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222000331/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/players/player=63869/index.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 23, 1940|title=PELE – International Football Hall of Fame|url=http://www.ifhof.com/hof/pele.asp|accessdate=August 11, 2012|publisher=Ifhof.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwi - 1966 Indebe Yehlabathi, i-Brazil kokuba zabo eyona imbi yokusebenza kwi World Cup. I-1966 tournament waba wakhumbula kuba yayo excessively yesitalato dlala, kwaye Pelé kwakukho omnye abadlali uninzi ezichaphazelekayo. Ngokuchasene Portugal, eziliqela violent tackles yi-isiphuthukezi defenders wenza Pelé ukushiya uthelekiso kunye tournament. Brazil ezilahlekileyo oku thelekisa kwaye waba eliminated lokuqala umjikelo ka-Indebe Yehlabathi okokuqala ukususela 1934. Abanalo ayiphumelelanga ukufikelela knockout stages ka-yokhuphiswano ukusukela. Brazil waba yesibini isizwe ukuba abe eliminated lokuqala umjikelo xa ubambe Indebe Yehlabathi kubathwesa zilandelayo Italy ngowe-1950. Emva 2002, 2010 kwaye 2014 Ihlabathi Cups, France, Italy kwaye Spain baba kanjalo yongezelela olu luhlu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/world-cup-2014-spain-and-the-world-cup-holders-who-crashed-out-at-the-group-stage-9547351.html|accessdate=18 April 2015|newspaper=The Independent|date=18 June 2014|last=Krishnan|first=Joe|title=World Cup 2014: Spain and the World Cup holders who crashed out at the group stage|archive-date=24 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624060542/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/world-cup-2014-spain-and-the-world-cup-holders-who-crashed-out-at-the-group-stage-9547351.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emva tournament, Pelé wavakalisa ukuba akazange unqwenela ukudlala kwi World Cup kwakhona. Nonetheless, wabuyela ngowe-1970.

Brazil uphumelele yayo wesithathu Indebe Yehlabathi kwi-Mexico kwi - 1970 Indebe Yehlabathi. Oko fielded oko sele ukususela ngoko rhoqo. mbasa eyona Indebe Yehlabathi name squad ngonaphakade, ebelikhokelwa Pelé wakhe wokugqibela Indebe Yehlabathi finals, umphathi-mikhosi Carlos Alberto Torres, Jairzinho, Tostão, Gérson kwaye Rivelino. Nkqu nokuba Garrincha kokuba retired, eli qela kwakukho kwaye umkhosi ukuba abe reckoned kunye. Baya uphumelele zonke ezintandathu zabo imidlalo—ngokuchasene Czechoslovakia, England kwaye Romania ngexesha leqela dlala, kwaye ngokuchasene Eperu, Uruguay kwaye Italy kwi-knockout umjikelo we. Jairzinho waba yesibini phezulu scorer kunye iinjongo ezisixhenxe; Pelé ugqibile nabane njongo. Brazil wawaphakamisela i - Jules Rimet indebegenericname kuba ilixa lesithathu (yokuqala isizwe ukwenza njalo), apho ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba babeza bavunyelwe ukuba awugcine. A septemba waba ke igunyazise, nangona izakuba 24 eminyaka phambi Brazil uphumelele ke kwakhona.

=== I-eyomileyo iimboniselo zabucala (1971-93) ===
[[File:Brazil_1970.JPG|thumb|I - 1970 FIFA World Cup-ifumana i-Brazil iqela, mbasa ngabaprofeti abaninzi elibalulekileyo commentators njengesona sikhulu association name iqela ngonaphakade.]]
Emva ngamazwe umhlala-phantsi ka-Pelé nezinye iinkwenkwezi kwi-1970 squad, Brazil akazange nako kuloyisa Enetherlands kwi - 1974 Indebe Yehlabathi kwi - West Ijamani, kokugqiba kunyaka wesine ndawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/worldcup/2006-brazil-preview.htm|title=Brazil not too comfortable as World Cup favorite|work=[[USA Today]]|date=May 23, 2006|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwisahluko sesibini iqela iqonga le - 1978 Indebe Yehlabathi, i-Brazil waba ethengisela kunye tournament abaququzeleli Argentina kuba phezulu ndawo kwaye indawo kwi-finals. Kwimo yabo yokugqibela yeqela thelekisa, Brazil woyisa Poland 3-1 ukuya phezulu leqela nge imbono umahluko ka +5. Argentina kokuba wayenolwazi imbono umahluko +2, kodwa yayo yokugqibela yeqela thelekisa, woyisa Peru 6-0, kwaye njalo umntu kuba i-final kwi-ukufanisa umtyholwa ka-ekugqibeleni-unproven thelekisa fixing. I - Isijapani iqela umntu kuba wesithathu ndawo, kwaye baba kuphela iqela ukuhlala unbeaten kwi-tournament.

Kwi - 1982 World Cup, ebibanjwe kwi-Spain, Brazil ngabona tournament ezithandwa kakhulu, kwaye lula bafudukela ngokusebenzisa phambi kwexesha yinxalenye zoba, kodwa 3-2 yoyisa kwi-Barcelona kwi-Italy, omnye classic imidlalo kwi World Cup finals imbali, eliminated kwabo ukususela tournament kwi-thelekisa ukuze babe jonga njengoko &quot;Sarriá ke, Iintlekele&quot;, referencing i-stadium ke igama. I - 1982 iqela, kunye abadlali njenge Sócrates, Zico, Falcão kwaye Éder, wakhumbula njengoko mhlawumbi elona likhulu iqela zange ukuphumelela i-World Cup.

Eziliqela abadlali, kuquka Sócrates kwaye Zico, ukususela 1982 wabuyela ukudlala kwi - 1986 Indebe Yehlabathi kwi-Mexico. I-Brazil, uzole omhle kakhulu iqela kwaye ngaphezulu disciplined defensively kweminyaka emine ngaphambi koko, zahlangana i - Michel Platini-wakhokela France kwi-kwikota-finals kwi classic ka Iyonke Name. Umdlalo idlalwe ukuya 1-1 zoba umqathango wama-ixesha, kwaye emva goalless ezingaphezulu ixesha, kuyo yonke, wehla ukuya esangezelelweyo shoot-ngaphandle, apho i-Brazil waba woyisa 4-3.

Emva 40 eminyaka, Brazil waba victorious kwi - 1989 Copa América, oku ekubeni zabo wesine victory ngeelwimi ezine tournaments lonwabisa kwi-Brazil. Ekuqaleni kowe-1990 Indebe Yehlabathi kwi-Italy, Brazil waba coached yi - Sebastião Lazaroni. Nge defensive scheme, egama engundoqo uphawu waba midfielder Dunga, phambili Careca kwaye ezintathu iziko-kwemiqolo, iqela lacked ubuchule kodwa wenza ngayo. macala onke. Brazil waba eliminated yi - Diego Maradona-wakhokela Argentina kwi-umjikelo ka-16 kwi - turincity in italy, yokulahla babo emzantsi Afrika i-american archrivals 1-0.

=== Kubuyela ifumana iindlela (1994-2002) ===
Brazil waya 24 eminyaka ngaphandle ifumana i-World Cup okanye nkqu athabatha inxaxheba a zokugqibela. Yabo uyasokola waphela kwi - 1994 tournament e-United States, apho ulawulo icala namakhaya yi - Romário, [[Bebeto]], Dunga, Cláudio Taffarel kwaye Jorginho uphumelele Indebe Yehlabathi kuba ke-mbali wesine ixesha. Iphawula zabo phulo iqukiwe a 1-0 victory phezu - United States kwi-umjikelo ka-16 kwi - Firefox Francisco, 3-2 ukuphumelela phezu Enetherlands kwi-kwikota-finals kwi - Dallas, 1-0 victory phezu Sweden kwi-semi-finals kwi - Los Angeles. Oku ukumisela isixhobo i-Brazil vs. Italy kwi final kwakhona kwi-Los Angeles, esibizwa ngaphantsi 2,000 miles kude Emexico City, apho i-Brazil kokuba uphumelele yabo yangaphambili Indebe Yehlabathi ngowe-1970, ironically emva beating Italy. Emva 0-0 zoba, ukudliwa imali kicks loomed kwaye Brazil waba champions kwakhona.

Angena 1998 Indebe Yehlabathi njengoko wayekhusela champions, Brazil ugqibile name-phezulu. Emva respectable phulo ngo-oko awabetha Enetherlands kwi-izohlwayo kwi-semi-zokugqibela ukulandela 1-1 zoba, iqela ezilahlekileyo ukuba umququzeleli France 3-0 kwi - zokugqibela.
[[File:Boeing_767-341-ER,_Varig_AN0251315.jpg|right|thumb|Isijapani wesizwe name [[Inqwelo-ntaka|airplane]] kwi-2002.]]
Fuelled yi - &quot;Emithathu R u&quot; (Ronaldo, Rivaldo kwaye Ronaldinho), Brazil uphumelele yayo anesihlanu championship kwi - 2002 World Cup, ebibanjwe kwi - South Korea kwaye Ejapan. Brazil wambetha zontathu ubhala ngawe kwiqela ukudlala kwi-South Korea kwaye topped iqela. Kwi-Brazil ke ivula umdlalo ngokuchasene Turkey, Ulsan, Rivaldo bawa emhlabeni clutching ubuso bakhe emva Turkey ke Hakan Ünsal kokuba ukukhatywa ibhola ngexesha lakhe legs. Rivaldo lokuphuma ulwandiso kodwa waba fined £5,180 kuba dlala-isithethi, kwaye waba lokuqala umdlali zange abe wayesohlwaywa kwi - [[FIFA]]'s crackdown kwi diving. Abo knockout umjikelo ezingqamanayo Japan, Brazil woyisa Belgium 2-0 kwi - Kobe kwi-umjikelo ka-16. Ngokuchasene England kwi-kwikota-finals kwi - Shizuoka, baya uphumelele 2-1, kunye ifumana imbono esiza ukusuka i-engalindelekanga free-kick yi-Ronaldinho. I-semi-zokugqibela waba ngokuchasene Turkey kwi - Saitama; Brazil uphumelele 1-0. I - final waba phakathi kwe-Germany kwaye Brazil kwi - Yokohama, apho Ronaldo scored iinjongo ezimbini kwi-Brazil ke 2-0 koyisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/germany_v_brazil/newsid_2067000/2067939.stm|title=Brazil crowned world champions|date=June 30, 2002|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=August 22, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ronaldo kanjalo uphumelele Indlela: Shoe njengoko tournament ke ezikhokelela scorer.

=== Indebe yehlabathi imbalela (2006–26) ===
[[File:WM2006_BRA-JPN2.JPG|right|thumb|Brazil ngokuchasene Japan kwi - 2006 FIFA World Cup kwi-Dortmund, Ijamani.]]
Brazil uphumelele 2004 Copa América, wabo wesithathu ukuphumelela ngeelwimi ezine competitions ukusukela 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;copamaerica2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 26, 2004|title=Brazil 2–2 Argentina: Shoot-out drama|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=151955&amp;cc=3888|accessdate=January 5, 2009|publisher=[[ESPNsoccernet]]|archive-date=November 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102100117/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=151955&amp;cc=3888|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Brazil kanjalo uphumelele 2005 FIFA Confederations Indebe kuba okwesibini.&lt;ref name=&quot;confederationscup2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 29, 2005|title=Brazil 4–1 Argentina: Adriano stars|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=184118&amp;&amp;cc=3888|accessdate=January 5, 2009|publisher=[[ESPNsoccernet]]|archive-date=November 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102100103/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=184118&amp;&amp;cc=3888|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umphathi Carlos Alberto Parreira wakha lakhe icala nge-4-2-2-2 ukumiselwa kwebandla. Nicknamed &quot;Umlingo Isikwere&quot;, attack yakhiwa jikelele ezine abadlali: Ronaldo, Adriano, Kaká kwaye Ronaldinho.

Kwi - 2006 Indebe Yehlabathi, i-Brazil uphumelele zayo zokuqala ezimbini imidlalo ngokuchasene Ecroatia (1-0) kwaye Australia (2-0). Kwi final iqela lomdlalo ngokuchasene Japan, Brazil uphumelele 4-1. Ronaldo scored kabini kwaye equalled imbali kuba eyona njongo scored kuwo onke Ehlabathini Cups. Kwi-umjikelo ka-16, Brazil wambetha Ghana 3-0. Ronaldo ke imbono waba yakhe 15th kwi World Cup imbali, beqhekeza imbali. I-Brazil, nangona kunjalo, waba eliminated kwi-kwikota-finals ngokuchasene France, yokulahla 1-0.

Dunga waba hired njengoko Brazil ke entsha iqela umphathi ngowe-2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;dungabrazilnewteamcoach&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 24, 2009|title=Dunga completa dois anos na seleção garantindo ser um desafio ganhar o ouro|language=Portuguese|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Selecao_Brasileira/0,,MUL690880-15071,00-DUNGA+COMPLETA+DOIS+ANOS+NA+SELECAO+GARANTINDO+SER+UM+DESAFIO+GANHAR+O+OURO.html|accessdate=January 5, 2009|publisher=[[O Globo|Globo Esporte]]|archive-date=August 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802225919/http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Selecao_Brasileira/0,,MUL690880-15071,00-DUNGA+COMPLETA+DOIS+ANOS+NA+SELECAO+GARANTINDO+SER+UM+DESAFIO+GANHAR+O+OURO.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; - Brazil ke uphumelele 2007 Copa América, apho phambili Robinho waba awarded i-Indlela: Qala kwaye gama i-tournament ke, eyona umdlali. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Brazil uphumelele 2009 FIFA Confederations Indebe ukutywina wabo wesithathu Confederations Indebe isihloko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/internationals/8120561.stm|title=USA 2–3 Brazil|date=June 28, 2009|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=June 28, 2009|first=Phil|last=Dawkes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaká sathiywa njengoko umdlali ye-tournament ngexesha striker Luís Fabiano uphumelele phezulu goalscorer kweelwimi.
[[File:Brazil_&amp;_Chile_match_at_World_Cup_2010-06-28_6.jpg|thumb|Brazil Chile ngo-2010.]]
Kwi - [[2010 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2010 Indebe Yehlabathi]] Emzantsi Afrika, i-Brazil uphumelele zabo zokuqala ezimbini iyahambelana ngokuchasene monaco (2-1) kwaye i-Ivory Coast (3-1), ngokulandelelana kwayo. Yabo yokugqibela thelekisa, ngokuchasene Portugal, waphela kwi 0-0 zoba. Baya faced Chile kwi-umjikelo ka-16, ifumana 3-0, nangona kwi-kwikota-zokugqibela bawa Enetherlands 2-1.

Ngojulayi 2010, Mano Menezes sathiywa njengoko Brazil ke entsha coach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|agency=[[Press Association]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jul/24/brazil-dunga-mano-menezes|title=Brazil name Dunga's replacement as they rebuild for the next World Cup|date=July 24, 2010|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|accessdate=July 26, 2010|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhla ka-2011 Copa América, Brazil ezilahlekileyo ngokuchasene Paraguay kwaye waba eliminated kwi-kwikota-finals. Ngomhla we-4 julayi ka-2012, ngenxa nokungabikho competitive iyahambelana ngenxa yokuba iqela kokuba ngokuzenzekelayo umntu kuba [[2014 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2014 Indebe Yehlabathi]] njengoko tournament yemikhosi, Brazil waba ranked 11th kwi - FIFA ranking, yokuqala xesha ''Seleção'' waba ruled ngaphandle phezulu ishumi ukususela ranking wenziwa ngowe-1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2168613/FIFA-world-rankings-England-No-4.html|title=Heard the joke about England being better than Italy? Just ask FIFA...|date=July 4, 2012|accessdate=July 4, 2012|publisher=DailyMail|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kubuyela ka-Luiz Felipe Scolari (2013-14) ===
Ngonovemba 2012, coach Mano Menezes waba sacked kwaye endaweni yi - Luiz Felipe Scolari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2012/11/23/3551150/mano-menezes-sacked-as-brazil-coach|title=Mano Menezes sacked as Brazil coach|date=November 23, 2012|accessdate=November 23, 2012|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=November 28, 2012|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/2012/11/andres-sanches-deixa-o-cargo-de-diretor-de-selecoes-da-cbf.html|title=Felipão é o novo técnico da Seleção, e Andrés deixa cargo na CBF|publisher=Globoesporte.com|accessdate=November 28, 2012|language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:ConfedCup2013Champions4.jpg|right|thumb|Brazil uphumelele-2013 FIFA Confederations Indebe nge-5 uphumelele kwi-5 imifanekiso.]]
Ngomhla we-6 juni 2013, i-Brazil waba ranked 22nd kwi-FIFA ranking, babo nani liphantsi-ngonaphakade udidi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/745/fifa/2013/06/06/4029331/netherlands-go-fifth-in-fifa-ranking|title=Netherlands go fifth in Fifa ranking|date=June 6, 2013|accessdate=June 6, 2013|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; - Brazil ingenile 2013 Confederations Indebe kunye injongo wayekhusela zabo isihloko. Kwi final, Brazil faced Spain,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 28, 2013|title=Brazil-Spain: a showdown 27 years in the making|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/28/en/football/national_teams/1372444764.html|accessdate=July 1, 2013|publisher=Marca}}&lt;/ref&gt; ifumana 3-0 kwaye tywino zabo wesine Confederations Indebe isihloko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2013|title=Fred and Neymar claim Confeds for Brazil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702190636/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round%3D255211/match%3D300222461/summary.html|deadurl=yes|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=255211/match=300222461/summary.html|accessdate=July 1, 2013|archivedate=July  2, 2013|publisher=FIFA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/fifaconfederationscup/story/2013/06/30/sp-confederations-cup-final-spain-brazil-recap.html|title=Brazil defeats Spain to win Confederations Cup|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|date=June 30, 2013|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Neymar sathiywa umdlali ye-tournament kwaye wafumana Indlela: Ibhola Kweelwimi kwaye Adidas Bronze Shoe, kwaye Júlio César uphumelele Indlela: Glove Kweelwimi kuba eyona goalkeeper ye-tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2013|title=Neymar breaks through for top award|url=http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2125273/index.html|accessdate=July 1, 2013|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705003035/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2125273/index.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brazil waba ngokulinganayo! kwi [[2014 FIFuRoni da Futboll|Qela A]] ka-2014 World Cup, ecaleni Ecroatia, Emexico kwaye Ebangladesh. Kwi-ukuvula i-thelekisa le tournament, Marcelo scored i-eyakho imbono kuba Ecroatia, nangona kunjalo iinjongo ezimbini ukusuka Neymar kwaye enye ukususela Oscar waguqukela umdlalo jikelele ukufumana ''Seleção'' ngaphandle ukuya ifumana qala kwi yabo yokuqala Indebe Yehlabathi kwi ekhaya umhlaba kwi-64 ubudala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Brazil 3-1 Croatia|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25285029|accessdate=9 July 2014|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=12 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; eli qela ke zoba 0-0 nge-Mexico, njengoko Guillermo Ochoa ekhutshwe a man of the match yokusebenza kwi-Mexican imbono.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255931/match=300186509/index.html#nosticky|title=Brazil 0–0 Mexico|date=17 June 2014|accessdate=9 July 2014|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-date=9 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709040633/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255931/match=300186509/index.html#nosticky|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; - Brazil iqinisekiswa qualification ukuba knockout kude kube yi-defeating Ebangladesh 4-1 kunye Neymar kwakhona yenza inqaku kabini, kwaye Fred kwaye Fernandinho ekuboneleleni ezinye iinjongo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285277|title=Cameroon 1-4 Brazil|date=23 June 2014|accessdate=9 July 2014|work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brazil faced Chile kwi - umjikelo ka-16, uthatha i-18th-ngomzuzu kukhokela ngokusebenzisa Udavide Luiz's kuqala imbono kuba ''Seleção''. Kunye akukho ezinye yenza inqaku emva Alexis Sánchez's equaliser, thelekisa, waya a esangezelelweyo shootout. Brazil ekuphembeleleni 3-2, kunye Neymar, Udavide Luiz kwaye Marcelo ekuguquleni zabo kicks, kwaye goalkeeper Júlio César kugcinwa kwi Chileans Alexis Sánchez kwaye Mauricio Pinilla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ornstein|first1=David|title=Brazil 1-1 Chile|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27952759|accessdate=9 July 2014|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=28 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; eli qela kwakhona faced emzantsi Afrika i-american indawo kwi - kwikota-zokugqibela, defeating Colombia 2-1 nge njongo ukusuka kwi-central defenders Udavide Luiz kwaye iqela ukapteni Thiago Silva. Emva kwexesha kwi-thelekisa, Neymar waba zifakelwe kwi stretcher emva Juan Camilo Zúñiga's knee yamenza uqhagamshelane ne-phambili ke, emva. Neymar wathatyathelwa esibhedlele kwaye kamva diagnosed nge fractured vertebra, apho ruled kuye ngaphandle kuba intsalela tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28173132|title=Neymar: Injured Brazil forward ruled out of World Cup|date=4 July 2014|accessdate=5 July 2014|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phambi oku, Neymar kokuba scored ezine iinjongo, ngaphandle kokuba omnye ukuncedisa, kwaye sele ekuthiwa man of the match kabini. Brazil faced ezinye iingxaki ozayo zabo semi-zokugqibela ngokuchasene Germany, njengoko Thiago Silva waba ukukhonza isinye-thelekisa ulwandiso yokwamkela yakhe yesibini mthubi ikhadi le-tournament kwi-kwikota-zokugqibela.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28185948|title=World Cup 2014: Brazil fail to have Thiago Silva booking rescinded|date=7 July 2014|accessdate=9 July 2014|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  - ''Seleção'' wahamba oza kuphulukana nayo 1-7 ukuba Germans – zabo wemiceli ngonaphakade yoyisa kwi World Cup kwaye kuqala ekhaya ilahleko kwi competitive thelekisa ukusukela ngo-1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/the-rio-report/brazil-national-disaster-germany-enjoy-greatest-half-hour-205347770.html|title=The greatest half hour in World Cup history?|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=9 July 2014|work=Eurosport|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233107/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/the-rio-report/brazil-national-disaster-germany-enjoy-greatest-half-hour-205347770.html|archivedate=July 14, 2014|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngakulo isiphelo uthelekiso, ekhaya indimbane waqalisa &quot;''olé''&quot; ngamnye okokuba ukususela isijamani iqela, kwaye booed kwezabo abadlali ngaphandle i-nokulungiselela emva yokugqibela whistle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/08/brazil-v-germany-world-cup-2014-semi-final-live-report|title=Brazil 1-7 Germany: World Cup 2014 semi-final – as it happened|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=9 July 2014|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; uthelekiso wenziwe nicknamed i - ''Mineirazo'', ukwenza kubhekiswa isizwe ke edlulileyo Indebe Yehlabathi yoyisa kwi ekhaya emhlabeni, Maracanazo ngokuchasene Uruguay ngowe-1950, kwaye Estádio ingaba Mineirão apho thelekisa wathabatha indawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://espn.uol.com.br/noticia/423552_maracanazo-foi-tragico-minerazo-a-maior-vergonha-do-brasil|title=Maracanazo foi trágico, 'Minerazo', a maior vergonha do Brasil|date=8 July 2014|accessdate=11 July 2014|work=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Brazil_and_Colombia_match_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup_2014-07-04_(26).jpg|thumb|I - [[2014 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2014 FIFA World Cup]] Brazil iqela]]
Brazil ugqibile Indebe Yehlabathi kunyaka wesine ndawo, ekubeni ayiphumelelanga kuliphindezela zabo semi zokugqibela yoyisa kwi-Germany yi-yokulahla kwi-Netherlands 0-3 kowesithathu-ndawo thelekisa. Eli qela waphela owamashumi tournament kunye eyona imbi defensive imbali 32 ethengisela izizwe, ekubeni conceded 14 njongo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/27463797|title=Brazil 0-3 Netherlands|date=12 July 2014|accessdate=13 June 2014|work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuphela kwamanye amazwe ukuba concede 12 okanye ngaphezulu iinjongo ekhoyo Indebe Yehlabathi ifomati ingaba monaco kwaye Saudi Arabia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Netherlands ensure miserable end for hosts|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/323673.html|accessdate=13 July 2014|publisher=ESPN.co.uk|archive-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113030852/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/323673.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zilandelayo ezi iziphumo, Scolari kwapapashwa yakhe resignation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2690059/Luiz-Felipe-Scolari-leaves-Brazil-job-losing-second-World-Cup-game-five-days-defeats-home-soil-74-YEARS.html|title=Luiz Felipe Scolari QUITS Brazil job after leading World Cup 2014 host nation to first back-to-back defeats at home in 74 years|date=14 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014|publisher=Daily Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kubuyela ka-Dunga (2014-2016) ===
Ngomhla we-22 kweyekhala ngowama-2014, Dunga waba kwapapashwa njengoko omtsha umphathi-Brazil, babuyela indawo okokuqala ukususela iqela ke ukuphuma kwi-2010 Indebe Yehlabathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/105/main/2014/07/22/4973942/dunga-sends-brazil-back-to-the-future|title=Dunga sends Brazil back to the future|date=22 July 2014|accessdate=22 July 2014|publisher=Goal.com|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019081052/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/105/main/2014/07/22/4973942/dunga-sends-brazil-back-to-the-future|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunga ke lokuqala umdlalo wakhe wesibini alawule njengoko Brazil ke umphathi yaba eyobuhlobo thelekisa ngokuchasene 2014 Indebe Yehlabathi kwikota-finalists Colombia e - Sun Ubomi Stadium ngowe - Miami ngomhla we-5 kweyomsintsi ngowama-2014, ne-Brazil ifumana uthelekiso 1-0 nge-83rd-ngomzuzu Neymar free-kick imbono.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/29064675|title=Brazil 1–0 Colombia|date=6 September 2014|accessdate=21 October 2014|publisher=BBC Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunga abalandela eli phezulu kunye uphumelele ngokuchasene Ecuador (1-0),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/29133409|title=Brazil 1–0 Ecuador|date=10 September 2014|accessdate=21 October 2014|publisher=BBC Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwi - 2014 Superclásico de las Américas ngokuchasene Argentina (2-0),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/29558664|title=Argentina 0–2 Brazil|date=11 October 2014|accessdate=21 October 2014|publisher=BBC Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngokuchasene Japan (4-0),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/29619167|title=Japan 0–4 Brazil|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=21 October 2014|publisher=BBC Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngokuchasene Turkey (0-4),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30006456|title=Turkey 0–4 Brazil|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=6 March 2015|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye ngokuchasene Austria (1-2).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/327325/report|title=International friendly: Brazil score late on to sink Austria 2–1 in Vienna|date=19 November 2014|accessdate=6 March 2015|publisher=SkySports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunga waqhubeka Brazil ke, ifumana kutshawuzela ngowama-2015 ngo defeating France 3-1 kwelinye banobuhlobo. Bamlandela oku kunye uphumelele ngokuchasene Chile (1-0), Emexico (2-0) kwaye Ehonduras (1-0).

==== Ngowama-2015 Copa América ====
Brazil kuqaliswe inkqubo tournament nge victory ngokuchasene Peru emva esiza ngasemva ukusuka ngo 2-1 (kunye Udouglas Costa ifumana amanqaku kwi-nokufa moments),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/brazil-vs-peru/1947913?ICID=RE|title=Brazil 2-1 Peru: Douglas Costa wins it late for Selecao|date=15 June 2015|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; yalandelwa a 1-0 yoyisa ngokuchasene Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/brazil-vs-colombia/1947915?ICID=RE|title=Brazil 0-1 Colombia: Murillo shocks struggling Selecao|date=18 June 2015|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye 2-1 victory ngokuchasene Evenezuela.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/brazil-vs-venezuela/1947921?ICID=RE|title=VIDEO HIGHLIGHTS: Brazil 2-1 Venezuela: Thiago Silva and Firmino seal top spot|date=21 June 2015|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwi-knockout kwethuba, Brazil faced Paraguay kwaye waba eliminated emva uzoba 1-1 ngendlela eqhelekileyo ixesha yokulahla 4-3 kwi-esangezelelweyo shootout.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/brazil-vs-paraguay/1947929?ICID=RE|title=Brazil 1-1 Paraguay (3-4 on pens): Selecao dumped out of Copa America|date=28 June 2015|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Njengoko enjalo, Brazil waba ayikwazi bafanele kuba FIFA Confederations Indebe (kule meko, 2017 edition) okokuqala ngowe-phantse-20 idlulileyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/brasil-fica-fora-da-copa-das-confederacoes-pela-1-vez-em-20-anos,8c2df288a129172a87cee09ab0edb9039oinRCRD.html|title=Brasil fica fora da Copa das Confederações após 20 anos|date=27 June 2015|accessdate=30 June 2015|publisher=Terra|language=Portuguese|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305161011/http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/brasil-fica-fora-da-copa-das-confederacoes-pela-1-vez-em-20-anos,8c2df288a129172a87cee09ab0edb9039oinRCRD.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Copa América Centenario ====
Brazil aqalisa tournament nge scoreless zoba ngokuchasene Ecuador, kunye Ecuadorians ekubeni a imbono wrongly disallowed kwi-ileta yesibini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adams|first=Jonathan|date=5 June 2016|title=Who Won the Brazil vs. Ecuador Match in Copa America?|url=http://heavy.com/sports/2016/06/brazil-vs-ecuador-copa-america-score-results-highlights-2016-who-won-match/|accessdate=30 June 2017|archive-date=22 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022073005/http://heavy.com/sports/2016/06/brazil-vs-ecuador-copa-america-score-results-highlights-2016-who-won-match/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oku kwaba yalandelwa i-emphatic 7-1 victory phezu Ehaiti, kunye Philippe Coutinho yenza inqaku a hat-trick.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Liverpool's Philippe Coutinho scores hat-trick for Brazil|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36486889|accessdate=9 June 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kokufuna kuphela zoba ukuba inkqubela-phambili kwi-knockout iqonga le-tournament, Brazil intlungu a controversial 1-0 ilahleko ukuba Eperu, kunye Raúl Ruidíaz ifumana amanqaku kwi-75th ngomzuzu yi-guiding ibhola kwi-net kunye ingalo yakhe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wiener|last1=Wiener|first=David|first1=David|title=Brazil v Peru: Raul Ruidiaz scores controversial goal that eliminates Dunga’s side from Copa America|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/brazil-v-peru-raul-ruidiaz-scores-controversial-goal-that-eliminates-dungas-side-from-copa-america/news-story/3a16ed9716f8bb9af08f20b20351d397|accessdate=13 June 2016|publisher=News Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sharma|last1=Sharma|first=Rik|first1=Rik|title=Brazil 0–1 Peru: Dunga's side eliminated from Copa America after Raul Ruidiaz handles the ball into the back of the net|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-3638337/Brazil-0-1-Peru-Dunga-s-eliminated-Copa-America-Raul-Ruidiaz-controversially-punches-ball-net.html|accessdate=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le lahleko, Brazil ke kuqala ilahleko ukuba Peru ukusukela ngo-1985,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dunga says 'everyone saw' Ruidiaz's handball on Peru winner vs. Brazil|url=http://www.espnfc.com.au/copa-america/story/2891930/brazil-manager-dunga-says-peru-goal-a-handball-at-copa-america|accessdate=13 June 2016|publisher=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt; wabona Brazil eliminated ukususela tournament kwiqela iqonga okokuqala ukususela 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brazil knocked out of Copa America by Peru thanks to 'handball' goal|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/06/13/brazil-knocked-out-of-copa-america-by-peru-thanks-to-handball-go/|accessdate=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brazil dumped out of Copa America by lowly Peru for earliest exit since 1987|url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/international-soccer/brazil-dumped-out-of-copa-america-by-lowly-peru-for-earliest-exit-since-1987-34795439.html|accessdate=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brazil exits Copa America after blatant handball goal|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/brazil-exits-copa-america-after-blatant-handball-goal/news-story/6a3f85304418086b6cc3a5e5b9c63cb8|accessdate=13 June 2016|publisher=News Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ixesha leTite (2016–2026) ===
Ngomhla we-14 juni 2016, Dunga waba sacked njengoko umphathi-Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2016/06/14/24633392/dunga-sacked-as-brazil-coach?ICID=HP_BN_3|title=Dunga sacked as Brazil coach|date=14 June 2016|accessdate=14 June 2016|publisher=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tite, owathi zilawulwe i - 2015 Isijapani champion Kwabasekorinte, lwaqiniselwa njengoko yakhe septemba kwezintandathu emva koko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/20/brazil-confirm-tite-new-coach|title=Brazil confirm appointment of Tite as new coach to replace Dunga|date=20 June 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=28 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tite ke debut waba iphawulwe nge-i kude victory ngokuchasene Ecuador yi-3-0 ngomhla we-2 septemba&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/ecuador-vs-brazil/349930|title=Ecuador 0-3 Brazil: Gabriel Jesus scores twice on full international debut|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=10 October 2016|publisher=SkySports}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2-1 ukuphumelela phezu Colombia, 5-0 shocking ukuphumelela ngokuchasene Bolivia kwaye 0-2 victory kude ngokuchasene Venezuela, ukuzisa Brazil ukuya phezulu Indebe Yehlabathi Qualifiers leaderboard okokuqala ukususela ngo-2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-fifa-rankings-idUSKBN178111|title=Brazil top FIFA rankings for first time in seven years|date=6 April 2017|accessdate=5 June 2017|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; - Brazil ke woyisa Paraguay 3-0 babe yokuqala iqela, ezinye kunokuba abaququzeleli Russia, ukuze ulungele kuba [[2018 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2018 FIFA World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39428089|title=World Cup qualifying: Brazil beat Paraguay to seal place in Russia|date=2017-03-29|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2017-03-29|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Olympics ==
[[File:Brasil_conquista_primeiro_ouro_olímpico_nos_penaltis_1039259-20082016-_mg_4209.jpg|right|thumb|Brazil abadlali kunye zabo igolide medals ukususela ngowama-2016 Ehlotyeni Olympics]]
Brazil uphumelele yayo yokuqala kwi-olimpiki, igolide medal kwi - 2016 kwi-home emhlabeni. Phambi ukuba victory, kwi-olimpiki name tournament waba kuphela ngamazwe ukhuphiswano kwi-name umbutho yi - [[FIFA]] ukuba Brazil kokuba zange uphumelele. Baya kuba kanjalo uphumelele ezintathu zesilivere (1984, 1988 kwaye 2012) kwaye ababini bronze medals (1996, 2008).&lt;ref name=&quot;Olympics 1992-&quot;&gt;Since 1992, squads for [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics Football at the Summer Olympics] have been restricted to three players over the age of 23. &lt;/ref&gt; - Isijapani kwi-olimpiki, iqela rhoqo coached yi-national iqela coach, ezifana Mário Zagallo ngo-1996, Vanderlei Luxemburgo kwi-2000, Dunga 2008 Mano Menezes ngo-2012.

== Nicknames ==
I-Isijapani iqela lesizwe kunye ezininzi nicknames kwaye eyaziwayo ngendlela ezahlukeneyo imimandla yehlabathi ngo ezahlukeneyo nicknames. Nicknames kuba squad kwi-Brazil ziquka ''Canarinho'', lithetha &quot;Abancinane Canary&quot;, ibinzana ukuba waba popularized yi-emva kwexesha cartoonist Fernando &quot;Mangabeira&quot; Pieruccetti ngexesha [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950 Indebe Yehlabathi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Terra|title=Fernando Pieruccetti creates the Canarinhos|url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/46/testemunha/|accessdate=October 6, 2006|archive-date=September 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903011416/https://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/46/testemunha/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amanye amagama njenge ''Amarelinha'', &quot;Encinane Etyheli Omnye&quot;, ''Verde-amarelo'', okanye &quot;Okwengca-Mthubi&quot;, ''Pentacampeão'', &quot;Isihlanu - - - -ixesha Champions&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=BBC Brasil|title=Reference to Pentacampeão|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/forum/020630_copa2002.shtml|accessdate=October 6, 2006|archive-date=July 12, 2011|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110712232520/http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/forum/020630_copa2002.shtml|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Esquadrão de Ouro'' (Indlela: Squad), abanye Latin i-american commentators rhoqo jonga i-Brazil Wesizwe iqela ''El Ekuqaleni'' (Ekuqaleni),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Guilherme Soares|title=Reference to the Scratch|url=http://www.oocities.org/gszahn/tactics.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; phakathi kwabanye.

== Kit evolution ==
Brazil ke yokuqala iqela imibala baba mhlophe kunye blue collars, kodwa zilandelayo yoyisa kwi - Maracanã kwi-1950 World Cup, imibala baba criticised kuba lacking patriotism. Unemvume ukususela Isijapani Emidlalo Confederation, newspaper ''Correio da Manhã'' igcine a ukhuphiswano ukuba uyilo a kit incorporating ezine imibala ye-Isijapani beflegi.&lt;ref&gt;''Futebol'', p64&lt;/ref&gt; - ifumana uyilo yaba mthubi jersey kunye oluhlaza trim okwesibhakabhaka shorts ngobumhlophe trim ngokulinganayo! ngu - Aldyr Garcia Schlee, nineteen-yeminyaka ubudala ukusuka Pelotas.&lt;ref&gt;''Ibid''&lt;/ref&gt; omtsha imibala baba kuqala asetyenziswa Kweyokwindla ngowe-1954 ukufanisa ngokuchasene Chile, kwaye zithe kusetyenziswa ngonaphakade oko.

Ukusetyenziswa blue njengokuba kude kit umbala imihla ukususela 30s, kodwa ke waba osisigxina yesibini oyikhethileyo accidentally kwi-1958 Indebe Yehlabathi Zokugqibela. Brazil ke ubhala ngawe baba Sweden, abaye kanjalo wear etyheli, zoba wanika ekhaya iqela, Sweden, ilungelo ukudlala kwi-mthubi. I-Brazil, abo travelled kunye akukho kubasindisa kit, hurriedly ukuthengwa a misela ka-blue shirts kwaye sewed kwi imifuziselo sika ukusuka zabo mthubi shirts.&lt;ref&gt;''Futebol'', p67&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ekhaya'''
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_blue_hoops|pattern_b=_vneck_transparent|pattern_ra=_black_hoops|leftarm=blue hoops|pattern_so=_2_stripes_white|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=000000|title=1914–1917}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_green_stripes|pattern_b=_greenstripes|pattern_ra=_green_stripes|pattern_so=_yellow|leftarm=FFDF00|body=FFDF00|rightarm=FFDF00|socks=228B22|title=1917}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_vneck_transparent|pattern_ra=|leftarm=ffffff|pattern_so=_2_stripes_white|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=000000|title=1917}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_vneck_transparent|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FF0000|body=FF0000|rightarm=FF0000|shorts=ffffff|socks=000000|title=1917}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_yellow_hoops|pattern_b=_greenhorizontal|pattern_ra=_yellow_hoops|pattern_so=_2_stripes_white|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=000000|title=1918–1919}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_blueborder|pattern_b=_bluecollar_2|pattern_ra=_blueborder|pattern_so=_brasil1930|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=0000ff|socks=000000|title=1919–1938}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_blueborder|pattern_b=_bluecollar_2|pattern_ra=_blueborder|pattern_so=_3_stripes_blue|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=ffffff|title=1945–1949}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_greenborder|pattern_b=_greencollar|pattern_ra=_greenborder|pattern_sh=_white_stripes|pattern_so=_brasil1954|leftarm=FDE910|body=FDE910|rightarm=FDE910|shorts=0047AB|socks=FFFFFF|title=1954–1974}}
|}
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_ adidasbrasil2|pattern_b=_ adidasbrasil|pattern_ra=_ adidasbrasil1|pattern_sh=_adidaswhite|pattern_so=_brasil 1978|leftarm=FFFF00|body=FFFF00|rightarm=FFFF00|shorts=0047AB|socks=FFFFFF|title=1978}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_greenborder|pattern_b=_collargreen|pattern_ra=_greenborder|pattern_sh=_white_border|pattern_so=_brasil1954|leftarm=FFcc00|body=FFcc00|rightarm=FFcc00|shorts=0000ff|socks=ffffff|title=1986–1990}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_bra98|pattern_b=_brasil1998|pattern_ra=_bra98|pattern_sh=_yellow_stripes|pattern_so=_3_stripes_green|leftarm=FFFF00|body=FFFF00|rightarm=FFFF00|shorts=228B22|socks=FFFFFF|title=1988 Olympics}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_brazil1994|pattern_b=_brazil1994|pattern_ra=_brazil1994|pattern_sh=_white_stripes|pattern_so=_bra94h leftarm = FFFF00|body=FFFF00|rightarm=FFFF00|shorts=003399|socks=FFFFFF|title=1994–1997}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_green_shoulders|pattern_b=_bra96h|pattern_ra=_green_shoulders|pattern_sh=_colchester0809h|pattern_so=|leftarm=FFDD00|body=FFDD00|rightarm=FFDD00|shorts=0000FF|socks=FFFFFF|title=1997}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_bra98|pattern_b=_brasil1998|pattern_ra=_bra98|pattern_sh=_white_stripes|pattern_so=_brasil1998|leftarm=FFFF00|body=FFFF00|rightarm=FFFF00|shorts=0047AB|socks=FFFFFF|title=1998–2000}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |
|pattern_la=_greenborder|pattern_b=_greencollar|pattern_ra=_greenborder|leftarm=FFDD00|body=FFDD00|rightarm=FFDD00|shorts=0000BF|socks=FFFFFF|title=2000–2002}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |
|pattern_la=_brazilh0204|pattern_b=_brazilh0204|pattern_ra=_brazilh0204|pattern_sh=_white_stripes|leftarm=FFCC00|body=FFCC00|rightarm=FFCC00|shorts=003399|socks=FFFFFF|title=2002–2004}}
|}
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|pattern_b=_bra04h|pattern_ra=_bra04h|pattern_sh=_bra04h|pattern_so=_porto0809|leftarm=FFDD00|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFDD00|shorts=0000FF|socks=FFFFFF|title=2004–2006}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_BRA_H_06|pattern_b=_brah06|pattern_ra=_BRA_H_06|pattern_sh=_white stripes|pattern_so=|leftarm=FFDA00|body=FFDA00|rightarm=FFDA00|shorts=004FA3|socks=FFFFFF|title=2006–2007}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_goldgreenborder|pattern_b=_bra08h|pattern_ra=_goldgreenborder|pattern_so=_BRAhome0710|leftarm=FFD630|body=FFD630|rightarm=FFD630|shorts=24249b|socks=FFFFFF|title=2007–2010}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_bra10h|pattern_b=_bra10h|pattern_ra=_bra10h|pattern_sh=_bra10H|pattern_so=_bra10h|leftarm=FFDF00|body=FFDF00|rightarm=FFDF00|shorts=0000BF|socks=FFFFFF|title=2010–2011}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_bra11h|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=FFDD00|body=FFDD00|rightarm=FFDD00|shorts=003399|socks=FFFFFF|title=2011–2012}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_bra12h|pattern_b=_bra12h|pattern_ra=_bra12h|pattern_sh=_whitesides|pattern_so=|leftarm=FFDF00|body=FFDF00|rightarm=FFDF00|shorts=0000bb|socks=FFFFFF|title=2012–2013}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_bra13h|pattern_b=_bra13h|pattern_ra=_bra13h|pattern_sh=_bra13h|pattern_so=_bra10h|leftarm=FFCC00|body=FFCC00|rightarm=FFCC00|shorts=0000BB|socks=FFFFFF|title=2013–2014}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_brazil1415h|pattern_b=_brazil1415h|pattern_ra=_brazil1415h|pattern_sh=_white stripes|pattern_so=|leftarm=|body=|rightarm=|shorts=0000FF|socks=FFFFFF|title=2014–2016}}
|}
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_bra16h|pattern_b=_bra16H|pattern_ra=_bra16h|pattern_sh=_white_stripes|pattern_so=_bra16h|leftarm=FFCC00|body=FFCC00|rightarm=FFCC00|shorts=0000FF|socks=FFFFFF|title=2016–26}}
|}
'''Kude'''
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_vneck_transparent|pattern_ra=|p0attern_so=_2_stripes_white|leftarm=0000ff|body=0000ff|rightarm=0000ff|shorts=0000ff|socks=000000|title=1938–1948}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_whiteborder|pattern_b=_whitecollar|pattern_ra=_whiteborder|pattern_sh=_white_border|pattern_so=_3_stripes_white|leftarm=0000ff|body=0000ff|rightarm=0000ff|shorts=0000ff|socks=0000ff|title=1949–1953}}
|
{{Football kit|align=left|pattern_la=_blue_border|pattern_b=_vneck_transparent|pattern_ra=_blue_border|pattern_sh=_blue_border|pattern_so=blue|leftarm=0000ff|body=0000ff|rightarm=0000ff|shorts=ffffff|socks=0000ff|title=1958}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_brazil1994away|pattern_b=_brazil1994away|pattern_ra=_brazil1994away|pattern_sh=_cruzeiro11h|pattern_so=_bra94a|leftarm=0033CC|body=0033CC|rightarm=0033CC|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000ff|title=1995}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_whiteshoulders|pattern_b=_bra96a|pattern_ra=_whiteshoulders|pattern_sh=_colchester0809t|pattern_so=|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000FF|title=1997}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_bra02a|pattern_b=_bra02a|pattern_ra=_bra02a|pattern_sh=_blue_stripes|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000FF|title=2002–2004}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_b=_bra04a|pattern_ra=_bra04a|pattern_sh=_bra04a|pattern_so=_whitehorizontal|leftarm=0000ff|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFDD00|shorts=0000FF|socks=0000ff|title=2004–2006}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_thin white border|pattern_b=_roundcollarwhite|pattern_ra=_thin white border|pattern_sh=_blue line|pattern_so=_whitetopline|leftarm=0000ff|body=0000ff|rightarm=0000ff|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000ff|title=2006–2007}}
|}
{| style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_bra08a|pattern_b=_bra08a|pattern_ra=_bra08a|pattern_so=_yellowline|leftarm=24249b|body=24249b|rightarm=24249b|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=24249b|title=2008–2010}}
|
{{Football kit|pattern_la=_bra10a|pattern_b=_bra10a|pattern_ra=_bra10a|pattern_sh=_bra10a|pattern_so=_bra10a|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000BF|title=2010–2011}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_bra11a|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=0060BF|body=0060BF|rightarm=0060BF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0060BF|title=2011–2012}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_bra12a|pattern_b=_bra12a|pattern_ra=_bra12a|pattern_sh=_bra13a|pattern_so=|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000bb|title=2012–2013}}
|
{{Football kit|
 |pattern_la=_bra13a|pattern_b=_bra13a|pattern_ra=_bra13a|pattern_sh=_bra13a|pattern_so=_bra13a|leftarm=FFCC00|body=FFCC00|rightarm=FFCC00|shorts=0000BB|socks=0000BB|title=2013–2014}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_brazil1415a|pattern_b=_brazil1415a|pattern_ra=_brazil1415a|pattern_sh=_blue_stripes|pattern_so=|leftarm=|body=|rightarm=|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0000FF|title=2014–2016}}
|
{{Football kit|
|pattern_la=_bra16a|pattern_b=_bra16a|pattern_ra=_bra16a|pattern_sh=_blue_stripes|pattern_so=_long_bra16a|leftarm=1845BD|body=1845BD|rightarm=1845BD|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=1845BD|title=2016–26}}
|}

== Venues ==
[[File:Teresopolis-Comary1.jpg|right|thumb|Granja Comary complex yi-ekhaya yesizwe iqela.]]
[[File:Granjacomary.jpg|right|thumb|Uqeqesho lootitshala inkampu abalindi ngasesangweni.]]
Brazil awunayo i-national home stadium efana nezinye ezininzi wesizwe njengesiqhelo, kwaye jikelezisa zabo ekhaya Indebe Yehlabathi kuncedwe ezingqamanayo ezahlukeneyo venues kulo lonke eli lizwe, ezifana Maracanã Stadium ngowe - [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Ukususela ngoseptemba 2006, Brazil kuba idlalwe ezininzi ngamazwe friendlies e Arsenal's Emirates Stadium ngowe - London, England. Brazil kanjalo yenza inani ngamazwe friendlies kwi - [[IYunayithedi Steyitsi|United States]].

Brazil ke uqeqesho inkampu ingaba Granja Comary kwi - Teresópolis, ebekwe 90 kilometres (55 miles) ukususela Rio de Janeiro.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140529103300/http://www.coastreporter.net/sports/world/brazil-s-national-team-begins-preparations-for-world-cup-at-home-amid-protests-1.1075303#sthash.RrxygKNZ.dpuf Brazil's national team begins preparations for World Cup] (in English)&lt;/ref&gt; Granja Comary waba kuvulwa kwi-1987,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052924/http://www.copa2014.gov.br/en/noticia/brazils-team-base-camp-granja-comary-reopened Granja Comary reopened] (in English)&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye underwent ezibalulekileyo renovations ngo-2013, kwaye ngowama-2014.

== Competitive imbali ==
Ezi thebhule zilandelayo ibonisa kuphela Brazil ke iziphumo e enkulu tournaments. Ukubona Brazil ke iziphumo e encinci tournaments, bona i-Brazil wesizwe name iqela competitive mbali. Brazil kuba uphumelele kuqhutywe 64 esemthethweni ngamazwe amaphawu ukuba elinolwazi kwaye grassroots inqanaba iinketho zebhodi, oko kuya a imbali yehlabathi.&lt;ref&gt;''In Portuguese, please use a translator'' - [[:pt:Anexo:Lista de títulos das seleções sul-americanas de futebol masculino#Sele.C3.A7.C3.A3o_Brasileira_de_Futebol|pt:Anexo:Lista de títulos das seleções sul-americanas de futebol masculino#Sele.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FIFA World Cup ===
Brazil sele umntu kuba wonke FIFA World Cup kokuba engene, zange efuna a kuncedwe dlala-ngaphandle. Kunye ezintlanu amagama eencwadi, baya kuba uphumelele tournament kwi ngaphezulu ezithile kunokuba naliphi na iqela lesizwe. Brazil kuphela iqela lesizwe ukuya kuba idlalwe kuzo zonke FIFA World Cup iintlelo ngaphandle ekubeni kubekho nawuphi na.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[FIFuRoni da Futboll|FIFA World Cup record]]
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |FIFA World Cup qualification record
|-
!Year
!Round
!Position
!{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}}
!{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} *
!{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}}
!{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}
!{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
|-
| [[File:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg|link=Uruguay|alt=Uruguay|border|23x23px]]&lt;div class=&quot;cx-overlay&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;cx-spinner&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;bounce1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;bounce2&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;bounce3&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{flagicon|Uruguay}} 1930
| Group Stage
| 6th
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 5
| 2
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; | –
|-
| {{flagicon|Italy|1861}} 1934
|Round 1
| 14th
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 3
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; | ''Automatically qualified''
|- style=&quot;background:#c96&quot;
| {{flagicon|France}} 1938
| '''Third Place'''
| '''3rd'''
| '''5'''
| '''3'''
| '''1'''
| '''1'''
| '''14'''
| '''11'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; | ''Automatically qualified''
|- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;
| style=&quot;border:3px solid red&quot; |{{flagicon|Brazil}} 1950
| '''Runners-up'''
| '''2nd'''
| '''6'''
| '''4'''
| '''1'''
| '''1'''
| '''22'''
| '''6'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as hosts''
|-
| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} 1954
| Quarter-Finals
| 5th
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 8
| 5
| 4
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 8
| 1
|- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
| {{flagicon|Sweden}} 1958
| '''Champions'''
| '''1st'''
| '''6'''
| '''5'''
| '''1'''
| '''0'''
| '''16'''
| '''4'''
| 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 1
|- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
| {{flagicon|Chile}} 1962
| '''Champions'''
| '''1st'''
| '''6'''
| '''5'''
| '''1'''
| '''0'''
| '''14'''
| '''5'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as defending champions''
|-
| {{flagicon|England}} 1966
| Group Stage
| 11th
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 4
| 6
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as defending champions''
|- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} 1970
| '''Champions'''
| '''1st'''
| '''6'''
| '''6'''
| '''0'''
| '''0'''
| '''19'''
| '''7'''
| 6
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 23
| 2
|- style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon&quot;
| {{flagicon|West Germany}} 1974
| '''Fourth Place'''
| '''4th'''
| '''7'''
| '''3'''
| '''2'''
| '''2'''
| '''6'''
| '''4'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as defending champions''
|- style=&quot;background:#c96&quot;
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} 1978
| '''Third Place'''
| '''3rd'''
| '''7'''
| '''4'''
| '''3'''
| '''0'''
| '''10'''
| '''3'''
| 6
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 17
| 1
|-
| {{flagicon|Spain}} 1982
|Round 2
| 5th
| 5
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 15
| 6
| 4
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 11
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} 1986
| Quarter-Finals
| 5th
| 5
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 10
| 1
| 4
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 6
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|Italy}} 1990
| Round of 16
| 9th
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 4
| 2
| 4
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 13
| 1
|- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
| {{flagicon|United States}} 1994
| '''Champions'''
| '''1st'''
| '''7'''
| '''5'''
| '''2'''
| '''0'''
| '''11'''
| '''3'''
| 8
| 5
| 2
| 1
| 20
| 4
|- style=&quot;background:silver&quot;
| {{flagicon|France}} 1998
| '''Runners-up'''
| '''2nd'''
| '''7'''
| '''4'''
| '''1'''
| '''2'''
| '''14'''
| '''10'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as defending champions''
|- style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
| {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|Japan}} 2002
| '''Champions'''
| '''1st'''
| '''7'''
| '''7'''
| '''0'''
| '''0'''
| '''18'''
| '''4'''
| 18
| 9
| 3
| 6
| 31
| 17
|-
| {{flagicon|Germany}} 2006
| Quarter-Finals
| 5th
| 5
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 10
| 2
| 18
| 9
| 7
| 2
| 35
| 17
|-
| {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2010 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2010]]
| Quarter-Finals
| 6th
| 5
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 9
| 4
| 18
| 9
| 7
| 2
| 33
| 11
|- style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon&quot;
| style=&quot;border:3px solid red&quot; |{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[2014 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2014]]
| '''Fourth Place'''
| '''4th'''
| '''7'''
| '''3'''
| '''2'''
| '''2'''
| '''11'''
| '''14'''
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Qualified as hosts''
|-
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[2018 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2018]]
|Quarter-Finals
|6th
|5
|3
|1
|1
|8
|3
| 14
| 10
| 3
| 1
| 35
| 10
|-
|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} [[2022 FIFuRoni da Futboll|2022]]
|Quarter-Finals
|7th
|5
|3
|1
|1
|8
|3
|17
|14
|3
|0
|40
|5
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''5 titles'''
| '''22/22'''
| '''114'''
| '''76'''
| '''19'''
| '''19'''
| '''221'''
| '''102'''
| '''127'''
| '''82'''
| '''33'''
| '''12'''
| '''280'''
| '''75'''
|}

== Izikhumbuzo ==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sandwich</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1053" sha1="eqnwkzrdmm85oun1m5glt5ffxavoo7k" xml:space="preserve">'''Isandwich''' yinto yokutya equkethe [[imifuno]], [[ishizi]] okanye [[inyama]], ifakwe okanye phakathi kweetyintsi [[zesonka]], okanye ngokubanzi nantoni na isitya apho ezimbini okanye ezinye izonka zesinkwa zisebenza njengekhonkco okanye i-wrapper enye uhlobo lokutya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/11/10/arguments_spread_thick/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2017-08-30 |archive-date=2008-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207062109/http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/11/10/arguments_spread_thick |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sandwich&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Foundations of Restaurant Management &amp; Culinary Arts Level Two. Pearson. 2011. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-13-138022-6.&lt;/ref&gt; Isityuji saqala njengento [[yokutya ngomunwe]] ephathekayo [[kwihlabathi leNtshona]], ngokugqithiseleyo ixesha liye labonakala liphela kwihlabathi jikelele.

==Imithombo==
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[[Category:Sandwich| ]]
[[Category:Ukutya kwaseBritani]]
[[Category:Zokutya zaseMelika]]

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    <title>Iklabhu yeBhola yeHlabathi yaseMilan</title>
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      <text bytes="3229" sha1="9n77a3t9zpvro3c1k0v1kujkwbtkt62" xml:space="preserve">== '''Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i-Internazionale Milano''', eyaziwa ngcono njenge '''- Internazionale''' okanye ngaphezulu nje njenge - '''Inter Milan''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Itali]] esekelwe kwisixeko saseMilan. ==
[[File:FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg|thumb]]

* Yasekwa ngomhla we-9 kuMatshi 1908 liqela lamalungu aphikisayo,  iklabhu ibisoloko idlala kwinqwelo moya yobuntshatsheli kazwelonke iqala kumdlalo wayo wokuqala osemthethweni, ngo-1909, kwaye nguye kuphela othathe inxaxheba kuwo onke. ukuhlelwa kweSerie A, esekwe kwixesha le -1929-30 . Ukusukela oko yasekwayo, inxibe iyunifomu enemigca ethe nkqo yeNerazzurri, ngaphandle kokungenelela okufutshane ngo-1928 xa yamkela ihempe emhlophe enqamlezileyo.

# I-palmarès yayo iquka izihloko zesizwe ze-35. - 19 Scudetti, iiNdebe ze-Italiya ezili-9 kunye ne-7 ye-Italian Super Cups - eyenza ibe yiqela lesibini eliphumelele kakhulu emva (59). Ngamazwe ngamazwe, nangona kunjalo, iqhayisa i-3 ye-European Cups / Champions League, i-3 ye-UEFA Cups, i-2 ye -Intercontinental Cups kunye ne- FIFA Club World Cup, kwii-trophies ezisemthethweni ezi-9 ezibeka i-Inter emva kwe-Milan (18) kunye ne-Juventus (11) kwinqanaba. yeeklabhu zase-Italiya ngenani loloyiso kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1965 baba liqela lokuqala laseYurophu ukuphumelela iligi, iNdebe yaseYurophu kunye neNdebe ye-Intercontinental ngonyaka omnye, ngaloo ndlela bebambe izihloko zelizwe, ilizwekazi kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo saphindwa kwakhona kwi-2010, xa nayo yaba ngowokuqala kunye neqela laseNtaliyane kuphela eliphumelele ukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthathu oludlalwa ngexesha lonyaka: i-Champions League, i-Championship kunye ne-Italian Cup ; &lt;ref name=&quot;treble2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 maggio 2010|title=Inter, un tris per la storia|url=http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1491258.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngoloyiso olulandelelanayo kwi- Italian Super Cup kunye ne'''FIFA Club World Cup''', iye yaba yeyokuqala kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iqela elizweni eliphumelele iindebe ezintlanu kwisithuba sonyaka wekhalenda. &lt;ref name=&quot;quintuple2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 dicembre 2010|title=What is your favourite football memory of 2010?|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|language=en|accessdate=2023-09-07|archive-date=2012-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410084550/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1355886.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Abanye babadlali bakhe bebhola baye bavuzwa ngexesha lokulwa kwabo kwiklabhu kunye namabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, njengeBallon d'Or kunye noMdlali weHlabathi weFIFA ; ngaphezu koko, iklabhu inikezele ngegalelo elifanelekileyo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe lase-Italiya. Iqela lingathembela kwinkxaso eninzi kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwi-1998 kunye ne-2010, i-Inter yabizwa ngokuba yiQela leHlabathi loNyaka yi-IFFHS ; ngo 2009 yabeka yesithandathu kuluhlu lwehlabathi awona maqela angcono yaseYurophu ezizotywe yi federation efanayo yembali kunye nezibalo,  kwaye ngo-2011 kwindawo yesihlanu (Italian yokuqala) kuluhlu lwaseYurophu lwamaqela angcono kwiminyaka elishumi 2001-2010.''

== ''iReference'' ==
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  <page>
    <title>Iklabhu yeBhola yeTorino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2491" sha1="tn9g9vnlo5m8egfideqauy9t25gha0w" xml:space="preserve">'''Iklabhu yebhola ekhatywayo yaseTorino''', eyaziwa ngokuba '''yiTorino''', yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yaseItali]] esekelwe kwisixeko [[ITurin|saseTurin]] . Idlala kwiSerie [[Serie A|A]], icandelo eliphezulu lobuntshatsheli base-Italiya.

Iklabhu yanamhlanje, ihlaziywe ngo-2005, kukuqhubela phambili kobambiswano lwembali olwavela kwi-1906 ukusuka ekudityaneni phakathi ITorinese kunye namalungu aphikisayo we-Foot-Ball Club Juventus, ebizwa ngokuba yi''-Foot Ball Club Torino'' de 1936, ''Associazione Calcio Torino'' de 1943, ukususela ngo-1943. I-1945 ukuya kwi-1958 kwaye kwakhona ukusuka kwi-1959 ukuya kwi-1977, ''iTorino FIAT'' kwi-1944, ''i-Associazione Calcio Talmone Torino'' kwi-1958-59 kunye ne ''-Torino Calcio'' ukusuka kwi-1977 ukuya kwi-2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;storia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Storia|url=http://torinofc.it/storia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Toro'', njengoko ifinyeziwe colloquially,  iphakathi kakhulu iiklabhu idume Italy. Iqhayisa ukunqoba kwe-7 ye-Italian Championships kuquka i-streak ye-5 izihloko ezilandelelanayo ngexesha Grande Torino, le yokugqibela iqatshelwe phakathi kwamaqela anamandla e-1940s. &lt;ref name=&quot;storia&quot;/&gt; I-palmarès yakhe yesizwe nayo iquka i-5 [[Indebe yaseItali|Cups yaseNtaliyane]], &lt;ref name=&quot;storia&quot; /&gt; ngelixa kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe siphawula ukunqoba kweMitropa Cup kwi-

1991 ; Ngaphaya koko, umdlalo wokugqibela [[UEFA Europa League|weNdebe ye-UEFA]] uphulukene ne-Ajax kuhlelo lua -1991-92 sesona siphumo siphumeleleyo kukhuphiswano lwe-UEFA yiklabhu. &lt;ref name=&quot;storia&quot; /&gt;

Iqela lokuqala Italian ukuphumeza ''kabini'' yesizwe kwixesha 1942-43,  njengoko of 2021 Torino ibambe 99 indawo kwi UEFA ranking, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://it.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html |title=Ranking UEFA - Coefficienti per club |accessdate=2023-11-11 |archive-date=2018-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712004042/https://it.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; 8th ngokusisigxina Serie A ranking &lt;ref name=&quot;italia1910.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Classifica perpetua della Serie A|url=http://www.italia1910.com/serie-a-classifica-perpetua.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; kunye 7th ngokwesiko Italian sportswoman. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIGC-COMUNICATO UFFICIALE N. 171/A|url=http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/81.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_2524448_StrilloComunicatoUfficiale_lstAllegati_0_upfAllegato.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iimbekiselo ==
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  <page>
    <title>Juventus Football Club</title>
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      <text bytes="7269" sha1="n5ymx2ylczvqvqpcjam5yyfqc3nh8yo" xml:space="preserve">'''IJuventus Football Club''' eyaziwa ngcono '''njengeJuventus''',  yiklabhu [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|yebhola ekhatywayo]] [[IItaly|yase-Italian]] esekelwe kwisixeko [[ITurin|saseTurin]]. Idlala kwiSerie [[Serie A|A]], icandelo eliphezulu lobuntshatsheli base-Italiya.

Yasekwa ngo-1897 liqela labafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo basekhaya,  ''Juve'', njengoko ifinyeziwe,  yiklabhu yesibini yakudala phakathi kwezo zisasebenza elizweni, emva IGenoa (1893); ungoyena unesihloko kwaye unesona sithethe sikhulu sezemidlalo kunye nenye yezona zidumileyo kwihlabathi kunye neendebe ezisemthethweni ezingama-70 eziphumelele ngexesha lakhe encotsheni yephiramidi yezemidlalo yesizwe, kubandakanya irekhodi le-36 izihloko zeentshatsheli zase-Italiya kunye ne-11 kwi. Ukhuphiswano lweUEFA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 novembre 2006|title=Juventus building bridges in Serie B|url=http://www.fifa.com/live-scores/news/y=2006/m=11/news=juventus-building-bridges-serie-107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|language=en|accessdate=2023-11-11|archive-date=2016-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126132350/http://www.fifa.com/live-scores/news/y=2006/m=11/news=juventus-building-bridges-serie-107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ithathe inxaxheba kwintshatsheli yesizwe ephezulu rhoqo ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo kwi -1900, ngaphandle kwexesha le-2006-2007. Emva kokuba enze umdlalo wakhe wokuqala kwiyunifomu ye-rosanero, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini wamkela iyunifomu yokudlala emnyama nemhlophe namhlanje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Vaciago&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 settembre 2019|title=Juventus, ecco perché le maglie sono bianconere|url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/juventus/2019/09/14-61056847/juventus_ecco_perche_le_maglie_sono_bianconere}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubudlelwane kunye nosapho lwakwa-Agnelli, oluye lwahlala luhlala lungaphazamiseki ukususela ngo-1923, lubambiswano lokuqala kunye nexesha elide loshishino lwezemidlalo e-Italy;  ngokusebenzisa imodeli yolawulo ekhethekileyo esekiweyo okwangoku, iklabhu yeJuventus yaba yenye yeeklabhu zezemidlalo zaseTaliyane zokuqala ukuphumeza ''ubume'' bobuchwephesha ''ante litteram'',  izimise kwinqanaba lesizwe ukusuka kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo nakwamanye amazwe ukusuka phakathi. -1970 kwinkulungwane. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 gennaio 2015|title=Breathing in football and Alpine air in Turin|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2195157.html|language=en|accessdate=2023-11-11|archive-date=2017-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009053214/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2195157.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo baba yiklabhu yokuqala yokuphumelela yonke imincintiswano emithathu yaseYurophu: i [[UEFA Europa League|-UEFA Cup]] (1976-1977), i- Cup Winners 'Cup (1983-1984) kunye ne- [[I-UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] (1984-1985); &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 giugno 2019|title=Le cinque che hanno vinto tutto|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2518940.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; kunye noloyiso kwi- 1984 UEFA Super Cup kunye ne- Intercontinental Cup ka-1985 naye waba ngowokuqala emhlabeni ukuba aphumelele zonke iindebe ezisemthethweni ze-UEFA zamadoda ngoko zisebenza, &lt;ref name=&quot;Caroli&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=9 dicembre 1985|title=Juve, Grande Slam|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,16/articleid,1370_02_1985_0314_0023_13784774/|access-date=2023-11-11|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114213437/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,16/articleid,1370_02_1985_0314_0023_13784774/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; irekhodi liphuculwe ngakumbi ngempumelelo kwi- Intertoto ka-1999 . Indebe . &lt;ref name=&quot;Saffer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 aprile 2016|title=Paris sulle orme della Juventus|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0252-0d04623c4c2f-62fb1e2d232c-1000--paris-sulle-orme-della-juventus/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Udweliswe kwi- Italian Stock Exchange ukususela 2001, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Juventus Football Club|url=http://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsa/azioni/dati-completi.html?isin=IT0000336518&amp;lang=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juventus yinkampani joint-stock ibekwe phantse ngokusisigxina, ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini 90s, phakathi kweeklabhu zebhola ekhatywayo ezilishumi phezulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi kwicandelo lezemali ngokwemiqathango yengeniso, ixabiso lemarike yemasheya kunye nenzuzo .  Abadlali bebhola ekhatywayo abaninzi baye bavuzwa ngexesha labo kwiklabhu enawona mabhaso aphezulu kakhulu, afana neBallon d'Or (8) kunye neFIFA World Player (3), zombini iirekhodi kwinqanaba lase-Italiyane labelwana ngalo IMilan; igalelo lakhe kwiqela lesizwe lase-Italiya, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1920 kwakunye nelona qela libalaseleyo phakathi kwamaqela ase-Italiyane, lalisenza isigqibo kwimpumelelo yeqela lesizwe . &lt;ref name=&quot;López Carreño&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Los Campeones de los Mundiales y la influencia de sus jugadores|language=es|url=http://www.cihefe.es/cuadernosdefutbol/2014/10/los-campeones-de-los-mundiales-y-la-influencia-de-sus-jugadores/|issn=1989-6379}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikwaxhaswa yeyona nkxaso inkulu yesizwe kunye nokuba ixhaphake kakhulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi, &lt;ref name=&quot;ricerca&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Demos &amp; Pi|date=settembre 2016|title=LI Osservatorio sul Capitale Sociale degli italiani – Il tifo calcistico in Italia|url=http://www.demos.it/2016/pdf/4054capsoc51_2016-10-01tifo.pdf|pages=3; 10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031030044/http://www.demos.it/2016/pdf/4054capsoc51_2016-10-01tifo.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tifosi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 ottobre 2019|title=Juve, oltre un milione di magliette vendute nel 2019|url=https://www.calcioefinanza.it/2019/10/16/quante-magliette-ha-venduto-la-juve-grazie-a-ronaldo/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ikakhulu kumazwe anemigration ephezulu yase-Italiya, eyenza ngaxeshanye ibe sisimboli esichasene ne-parochial kunye nesiTaliyane .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=14 aprile 2015|title=La Juventus, dernier rescapé d'un football italien en déclin|language=fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/football/article/2015/04/14/la-juventus-turin-porte-drapeau-d-un-football-italien-en-declin_4614951_1616938.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-2000 iJuventus yabekwa [[FIFA|yiFIFA]] kwindawo yesixhenxe (yokuqala isiTaliyane) kwindawo yelizwe yeeklabhu ezingcono kakhulu kwihlabathi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 dicembre 2000|title=The FIFA Clubs of the 20th Century|url=http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|language=en|accessdate=2023-11-11|archive-date=2007-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngelixa ngo-2009 babizwa ngokuba liqela elingcono kakhulu kweli lizwe kwaye okwesibini kwinqanaba laseYurophu yi- IFFHS, emva koko. IReal madrid, yenkulungwane yama-20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 settembre 2009|title=Europe's Club of the Century|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d|publisher=International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iimbekiselo ==
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    <title>U-Nathi Mankayi</title>
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      <text bytes="2911" sha1="bumy8oankz4wf5h5opnv7fl8zm9r1dz" xml:space="preserve">'''U-Nathi Mankayi''' owazalwa nge-23 zika-Disemba ngowama-1982 eMpumakoloni kwidolophu yaseMthatha,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-09|title=Nathi Mankayi - Net Worth 2026, Age, Height, Bio, Birthday, Wiki|url=https://celebrity-birthdays.com/people/nathi-mankayi|accessdate=2026-09-11|website=Celebrity Birthdays|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Henry|date=2025-04-16|title=Nathi Mankayi Biography: Early Life, Careers, Albums, Awards, &amp; Legacies|url=https://amrockers.com/artiste/nathi-mankayi/|accessdate=2026-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngusaziwayo ongumculi kunye nombhali weengoma. Udume ngokucula uhlobo lomculo [[i-Afropop]], [[i-Afrosoul]], kunye [[ne-RBN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nathi {{!}} Gallo Music Publishers|url=https://gallomusicpublishers.co.za/composers-m-o/nathi/|accessdate=2026-09-11|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013092431/https://gallomusicpublishers.co.za/composers-m-o/nathi/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubomi eselula nemfundo ==
U-Nathi ukhuliswe ngumama wakhe kubantwana abahlanu azalwa nabo kwidolophana ekwakwiphondo laseMpumakoloni i-Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Utata wakhe wahamba ekhayeni eyokufuna amadlelo aluhlaza eGoli kodwa akazange abuye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=mybiohub|date=2016-08-10|title=Nathi Biography {{!}} Nathi Mankayi {{!}} Nkosinathi Mankayi|url=https://mybiohub.com/nathi-biography-nathi-mankayi-nkosinathi-mankayi/|accessdate=2026-09-11|website=MyBioHub|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ufunde amabanga akhe aphantsi eZimele Junior School.Lomculi waqala ukuthanda umculo kunye nokuzoba esemncinci. Ngonyaka wama-2008 waye  wagwetywa iminyaka e-8 ngenxa yetyala lokuqhekeza awayelenze ngonyaka wama-2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Lisa|date=2024-06-14|title=From Prison to Purpose: Nathi Mankayi’s Journey to Redemption - Latest News|url=https://southafrican-news.com/from-prison-to-purpose-nathi-mankayis-journey-to-redemption/|accessdate=2026-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi ===
Uthando lwakhe lomculo lamenza amane engenelela ukhuphiswano lomculo lasekuhlaleni, olunye lokhuphiswano awalungenelelayo laziwa ngokuba yi-Dare to Dream apho wabonakalisa italente yakhe khona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Henry|date=2025-04-16|title=Nathi Mankayi Biography: Early Life, Careers, Albums, Awards, &amp; Legacies|url=https://amrockers.com/artiste/nathi-mankayi/|accessdate=2026-09-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Oku kwabasisiqalo sendlela ebekha empulelwemi kwelishishi lomculo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Umsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumculi waqala ukuhamba kakuhle  xa wayedibana nomculi u-Vusi Nova ngoDisemba ngonyaka wama 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;U-Vusi Nova waye wabona italente ka-Nathi waze wacula naye kwingoma yakhe ethi &quot;Noma Kanjani&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Lengoma yafumana udumo olwakhokhela ekubeni akhuphe eyakhe i-album ethi &quot;Buyelekhaya&quot;.

==== Ii-album zakhe ezidumileyo ====</text>
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'''I-African Security Congress''' (ASC) liqela lezopolitiko laseMzantsi Afrika elasekwa ngenjongo yokumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko abasebenza kwiinkampani zabucala, ngakumbi ukufuna ukuba urhulumente abaqashe ngokuthe ngqo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guards demand to work directly for government|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2017-10-30-guards-demand-to-work-directly-for-government/|accessdate=2019-04-05|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KweyeNkanga ngonyaka ka-2017, owasekuba ngusopolitiko we-African National Congress (ANC), uMakhosi Khoza, owashiya i-ANC emva kokuba ebize uJacob Zuma ukuba arhoxe, wamenya ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiqela ekwisikhundla sobunkekheli. Ubuye wathatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo olwalumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko eGermistone.

Iqela lakhuphisana kunyulo jikelele lowama-2019, kodwa alizange liphumelele nasinye.{{Reflist}}{{Politics of South Africa navbox}}

== Election results ==

{{election table}}
|-
! Election
! Total votes
! Share of vote
! Seats
! +/–
! Government
|-
! [[South African general election, 2019|2019]]
| 26,263
| 0.15
| {{Composition bar|0|400|hex={{party color|African Security Congress}}}}
| –
| {{no|extraparliamentary}}
|}</text>
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'''I-African Security Congress''' (ASC) liqela lezopolitiko laseMzantsi Afrika elasekwa ngenjongo yokumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko abasebenza kwiinkampani zabucala, ngakumbi ukufuna ukuba urhulumente abaqashe ngokuthe ngqo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guards demand to work directly for government|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2017-10-30-guards-demand-to-work-directly-for-government/|accessdate=2019-04-05|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KweyeNkanga ngonyaka ka-2017, owasekuba ngusopolitiko we-African National Congress (ANC), uMakhosi Khoza, owashiya i-ANC emva kokuba ebize uJacob Zuma ukuba arhoxe, wamenya ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiqela ekwisikhundla sobunkekheli. Ubuye wathatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo olwalumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko eGermistone.

Iqela lakhuphisana kunyulo jikelele lowama-2019, kodwa alizange liphumelele nasinye.{{Reflist}}{{Politics of South Africa navbox}}

== Election results ==

{{election table}}
|-
! Election
! Total votes
! Share of vote
! Seats
! +/–
! Government
|-
! [[South African general election, 2019|2019]]
| 26,263
| 0.15
| {{Composition bar|0|400|hex={{party color|African Security Congress}}}}
| –
| {{no|extraparliamentary}}
|}

== Election results ==

{{election table}}
|-
! Election
! Total votes
! Share of vote
! Seats
! +/–
! Government
|-
! [[South African general election, 2019|2019]]
| 26,263
| 0.15
| {{Composition bar|0|400|hex={{party color|African Security Congress}}}}
| –
| {{no|extraparliamentary}}
|}{{Reflist}}'''I-African Security Congress''' (ASC) liqela lezopolitiko laseMzantsi Afrika elasekwa ngenjongo yokumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko abasebenza kwiinkampani zabucala, ngakumbi ukufuna ukuba urhulumente abaqashe ngokuthe ngqo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guards demand to work directly for government|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2017-10-30-guards-demand-to-work-directly-for-government/|accessdate=2019-04-05|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KweyeNkanga ngonyaka ka-2017, owasekuba ngusopolitiko we-African National Congress (ANC), uMakhosi Khoza, owashiya i-ANC emva kokuba ebize uJacob Zuma ukuba arhoxe, wamenya ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiqela ekwisikhundla sobunkekheli. Ubuye wathatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo olwalumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko eGermistone.{{Politics of South Africa navbox}}</text>
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'''I-African Security Congress''' (ASC) liqela lezopolitiko laseMzantsi Afrika elasekwa ngenjongo yokumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko abasebenza kwiinkampani zabucala, ngakumbi ukufuna ukuba urhulumente abaqashe ngokuthe ngqo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guards demand to work directly for government|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2017-10-30-guards-demand-to-work-directly-for-government/|accessdate=2019-04-05|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KweyeNkanga ngonyaka ka-2017, owasekuba ngusopolitiko we-African National Congress (ANC), uMakhosi Khoza, owashiya i-ANC emva kokuba ebize uJacob Zuma ukuba arhoxe, wamenya ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiqela ekwisikhundla sobunkekheli. Ubuye wathatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo olwalumela iimfuno zoonogada bokhuseleko eGermistone.

Iqela lakhuphisana kunyulo jikelele lowama-2019, kodwa alizange liphumelele nasinye.{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Ukubandakanywa (imfundo)</title>
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[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.</text>
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[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

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[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.</text>
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{{Portal|Education|Psychology}}
[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kwindawo encinci ukuya kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cullinan|first=Elizabeth|date=2017|title=Voice of the child - An Investigation into the social inclusion of children with autistic spectrum disorder in mainstream primary settings|journal=Reach|volume=30|pages=23–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Goodall|first=Craig|date=January 2018|title='I felt closed in and like I couldn't breathe': A qualitative study exploring the mainstream educational experiences of autistic young people|journal=Autism &amp; Developmental Language Impairments|volume=3|pages=239694151880440|doi=10.1177/2396941518804407|issn=2396-9415|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.
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{{Portal|Education|Psychology}}
[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kwindawo encinci ukuya kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

== Amanani okubandakanya abantu ehlabathini ==
Inani labafundi abakhubazekileyo ababandakanyiweyo liyahluka ngokweendawo nangohlobo lokukhubazeka, kodwa liqhelekile kubafundi abakhubazekileyo kancinci kwaye aliqhelekanga kwiintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka okunzima. EDenmark, ama-99% abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezifana ne- 'dyslexia ' bafakwa kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. EMelika, abafundi abathathu kwabahlanu abaneengxaki zokufunda bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Izibalo zangasemva kwesikolo (emva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) zigcinwa ziiyunivesithi noorhulumente malunga namanani empumelelo yabafundi abangena ekholejini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufanelekile iinkonzo zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabacebisi) okanye iinkqubo kwiikhampasi zeekholejini, ezinje ngemfundo exhaswayo kwizikhubazo zengqondo okanye iKholeji yokuPhila. Ezi zimbini ziinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zeekholeji kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaziya iikholeji kunye nezobugcisa (umzekelo, ukuhlawulwa kweencwadi zesikolo, abafundi okanye abaguquleli), kwaye izifundo zokugqibela ziphuhliswe ngokufana nezikolo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi (umzekelo , ibhanki yomhlalaphantsi).

Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cullinan|first=Elizabeth|date=2017|title=Voice of the child - An Investigation into the social inclusion of children with autistic spectrum disorder in mainstream primary settings|journal=Reach|volume=30|pages=23–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Goodall|first=Craig|date=January 2018|title='I felt closed in and like I couldn't breathe': A qualitative study exploring the mainstream educational experiences of autistic young people|journal=Autism &amp; Developmental Language Impairments|volume=3|pages=239694151880440|doi=10.1177/2396941518804407|issn=2396-9415|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.
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{{Portal|Education|Psychology}}
[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kwindawo encinci ukuya kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

== Amanani okubandakanya abantu ehlabathini ==
Inani labafundi abakhubazekileyo ababandakanyiweyo liyahluka ngokweendawo nangohlobo lokukhubazeka, kodwa liqhelekile kubafundi abakhubazekileyo kancinci kwaye aliqhelekanga kwiintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka okunzima. EDenmark, ama-99% abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezifana ne- 'dyslexia ' bafakwa kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. EMelika, abafundi abathathu kwabahlanu abaneengxaki zokufunda bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Izibalo zangasemva kwesikolo (emva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) zigcinwa ziiyunivesithi noorhulumente malunga namanani empumelelo yabafundi abangena ekholejini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufanelekile iinkonzo zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabacebisi) okanye iinkqubo kwiikhampasi zeekholejini, ezinje ngemfundo exhaswayo kwizikhubazo zengqondo okanye iKholeji yokuPhila. Ezi zimbini ziinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zeekholeji kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaziya iikholeji kunye nezobugcisa (umzekelo, ukuhlawulwa kweencwadi zesikolo, abafundi okanye abaguquleli), kwaye izifundo zokugqibela ziphuhliswe ngokufana nezikolo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi (umzekelo , ibhanki yomhlalaphantsi).

== Intsebenziswano ==
Iisetingi zokubandakanya zivumela abantwana abakhubazekileyo nabangenazo ukuba badlale kwaye basebenzisane yonke imihla, nokuba bafumana iinkonzo zonyango. Xa umntwana ebonakalisa ubunzima bokuhamba kakuhle kwemisipha, amandla akhe okuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeklasi, efana nokusika, ukufaka imibala, kunye nokuvala ijakethi anokuphazamiseka. Nangona iingcali zonyango lwemisebenzi zihlala zibizwa ukuba zivavanye kwaye zisebenzise amaqhinga ngaphandle kwesikolo, zihlala zishiyelwa kootitshala beklasi ukuba basebenzise amaqhinga esikolweni. Ukusebenzisana neengcali zonyango lwemisebenzi kuya kunceda ootitshala beklasi ukuba basebenzise amaqhinga okungenelela kwaye kwandise ulwazi lootitshala malunga neemfuno zabafundi kwiindawo zesikolo kwaye kuphucule ukuzimela kootitshala ekusebenziseni amaqhinga onyango lwemisebenzi.

Ngenxa yokugunyaziswa kwakhona koMthetho weMfundo yabantu abakhubazekileyo (i-IDEA) ngo-1997, kugxininiswe kakhulu ekunikezelweni kweenkonzo ezinxulumene noko kwiimeko zemfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu. [Nolan, 2004] Ukubaluleka kweendlela eziqukayo nezidibeneyo zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kuye kwaphandwa ngokubanzi okubonisa iingenelo ezilungileyo. [Case-Smith&amp;Holland, 2009] Kwiimodeli zemveli zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo &quot;zokukhupha&quot; abantwana badla ngokusebenza kwiindawo ezizimeleyo omnye nomnye nogqirha wengqondo, uCase-Smith kunye noHolland (2009) bathi abantwana abasebenza kwizakhono kanye okanye kabini ngeveki &quot;abanakukwazi ukuvelisa ukufunda okukhokelela ekuziphatheni okutsha kunye nobuchule obongezelelekileyo.&quot; [Case Smith &amp; Holland, 2009, pg.419]. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lomsebenzi luye lwatshintsha ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango &quot;lokukhupha&quot; ukuya kwindlela edibeneyo apho unyango lwenzeka esikolweni okanye kwigumbi lokufundela.

Abalawuli bokubandakanywa baceliwe ukuba bahlole abasebenzi babo ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo kubantwana abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo, unxibelelwano lokuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi kwiindawo zomsebenzi, unxibelelwano loluntu lwabantu abakhethekileyo (umz., &quot;abangaboniyo kwizithulu&quot;, &quot;abane-autism&quot;), kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwee-arhente ezinkulu zoluntu kwiinkqubo zasemva kwesikolo kunye notshintsho oluya ebudaleni. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukusebenzisana nabazali, kuquka ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazali nomsebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko neelwimi (umz., uMaya Kaylanpur kunye noBeth Harry bePh.D. kwiSyracuse University).

=== Ubudlelwane nemfundo eqhubekayo ===
Abanye abaxhasa ukubandakanywa kwabantu bonke bakhuthaza ukwamkelwa kweenkqubo zemfundo eziphucukileyo . Kwimfundo eqhubela phambili okanye kwigumbi lokufundela elibandakanya wonke umntu, wonke umntu ujongene &quot;nemisebenzi emininzi&quot;, kwaye umfundi ngamnye wenza oko anokukwenza, okanye oko anqwenela ukukwenza aze afunde nantoni na evela kuloo mava. Iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu zihlala zixhomekeke ekufundeni okusebenzayo, iindlela zovavanyo oluchanekileyo, ikharityhulam esetyenziswayo, iindlela zokufundisa ezinamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye nengqalelo engakumbi kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabafundi kunye nokuqonda umntu ngamnye. Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kudla ngokuqala ngenkuthazo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokubandakanyeka ngelixa beseklasini. 

=== Ubudlelwane Necebo Lokufunda Eliqhelekileyo ===
Umzekelo wokufundisa onxulumene nemfundo equka bonke abantu kunye nokucinga okuqhubekayo yi-Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Le ndlela yokufundisa ixhasa ukususwa kwezithintelo kwimeko-bume yomzimba neyentlalo apho abafundi babo bonke ubuchule bakhona, kuba esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba abafundi bangakwazi ukubandakanyeka kwimiba eboniswa eklasini.  Ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka baqonde kungekuphela nje iimfuno zabafundi babo, kodwa nakukwazi kwabo, umdla wabo, imvelaphi yabo, ubunikazi babo, ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambili, kunye neenjongo zabo. Ngokuqonda abafundi babo, ootitshala banokuqhubela phambili nokusebenzisa imfundiso eyahlukileyo ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bafunde ngendlela ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo; kulandele ukulungiswa nokutshintshwa kwenkqubo ukuze wonke umntu afumane inkqubo yokufunda ngokulinganayo nangokwasesidlangalaleni. Olunye uphando luchaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-UDL, ngokucacisa ukuba &quot;imigaqo yokuvavanya iinjongo zokufunda ihlala ihambelana. Enyanisweni, iinjongo zokuphelisa ukufunda zihlala zifana, kwaye yindlela umfundi afikelela ngayo kuloo ndawo yokufunda eyahluka ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, umfundi ngamnye ucelwe umngeni wokufunda ngokwamandla akhe, kwaye ucelwe ngumngeni ngoqeqesho olunobungqina obuninzi kunye nokuvavanywa&quot;.

Amanye amagumbi okufundela okanye izikolo zikholelwa ukuba ukubandakanya kuthetha ukuba abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa bakwigumbi, ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwisidingo sabo sabasebenzi abancedisayo okanye ukulindela kwikhosi ehlaziyiweyo.  Kunoko, imfundo equka bonke abantu kufuneka ibe kukufundisa umfundi ngamnye nokwenza ukufunda nokufundisa kube ngokulinganayo, kunokulingana. Ngoko, ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka bacinge ngokubandakanya abafundi babo kunye nobuntu babo obuninzi - nokuba oko kubandakanya izinto ezibhalwe ngababhali bomhlanga othile obonakalayo eklasini yabo, okanye ukudala iindawo ezivulekileyo zomfundi kwisitulo sevili. Enoba yintoni na etshintshileyo, bonke abafundi banokungenelwa kuyo ngandlela ithile.

=== Ukudibanisa ===
Olunye uhlobo loyilo olubandakanya kakhulu abasebenzisi kwinkqubo yokuyila luyilo oludibeneyo. Intsebenziswano nabantu abanamava obuqu ngesihloko esikhoyo okanye abantu abaza kusebenzisa uyilo lwemveliso (kule meko ikharityhulam okanye iindlela zokufunda ezibandakanya bonke) kuya kubangela imveliso esebenzayo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi. Nangona uninzi lwabafundi lukwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo ezikhoyo ngoku, ukusebenzisa uyilo oludibeneyo kunokudala indawo yokufunda esebenzayo ngakumbi kubafundi. Ukusebenzisa uyilo oludibeneyo kunethuba lokudala amava afanelekileyo ngakumbi. Abaqulunqi bekharityhulam abanamava aneleyo okuyila ikharityhulam yokusebenza efanelekileyo kunye namaqhinga asetyenziswa ekufundeni ngokwekharityhulam esetyenziswa kwiiklasi ezingasebenziyo kumfundi ngamnye. Yiyo loo nto beyila kunye nootitshala kwaye xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi banokudala amava abandakanyayo ngakumbi xa befunda ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi kungekuphela nje abafundi abakhubazekileyo okanye &quot;abaneemfuno ezizodwa&quot;. 

Abameli bathi nokuba ukungabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo akwamkelekanga ngokokuziphatha. Abaxhasi bakholelwa ukuba ukungabandakanywa kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwezentlalo kwaye ukugcina ukubonakala kwabo kwezentlalo kubaluleke ngaphezu kwempumelelo yabo kwezemfundo. Abaxhasi bathi uluntu alubaniki isidima abantu abakhubazekileyo xa bengabonakali kangako kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. Abameli bathi nokuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bonzakaliswa ngokwezemfundo ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abathile abaneempawu ezikhethekileyo, ukuba ukungabandakanywa kwaba bafundi kusaya kuba yinto engamkelekanga ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njengoko abameli bekholelwa ukuba umonakalo kwimfundo yabafundi abaqhelekileyo uhlala ungabalulekanga kangako kunomonakalo wentlalo obangelwa kukwenza abantu abakhubazekileyo bangabonakali kangako kuluntu. 

Ingxoxo yesibini ephambili kukuba wonke umntu uyazuza ngokubandakanywa. Abameli bathi baninzi abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abangafanelaniyo (okanye abaziva ngathi abafanelani), kwaye isikolo esiquka bonke abafundi abakhubazekileyo siziva samkelekile kubo bonke. Ngaphezu koko, ubuncinane umbhali omnye uye wafunda ngempembelelo enayo intlangano yabafundi abahlukeneyo kwimfundo ngokubanzi waza wagqiba kwelokuba abafundi 'abaneengxaki zengqondo' abachitha ixesha phakathi koontanga babo babonisa ukwanda kwezakhono zentlalo kunye nobuchule bezemfundo. 

Abameli bokubandakanywa bathi iziphumo zexesha elide zabafundi abaqhelekileyo ababandakanywa nabafundi abakhubazekileyo besebancinci kakhulu zinovakalelo oluphezulu kwimingeni abanye abajongene nayo, ukwanda kovelwano novelwano, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zobunkokeli, nto leyo ezuzisa lonke uluntu. 

Ukudibana kweenkonzo zokubandakanya kunye neenkonzo zokukhupha (ukubandakanywa okungaphelelanga) kubonakaliswe ukuba kuluncedo kubafundi abanengxaki yokufunda kwicandelo lokuqonda ukufunda, kwaye kukhetheke ngakumbi kootitshala bemfundo ekhethekileyo abanikezela ngeenkonzo. 

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ingaba luncedo kubo bonke abafundi eklasini, kungekuphela nje kubafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunceda abafundi baqonde ukubaluleka kokusebenza kunye, kwaye kukhuthaza umoya wokunyamezelana novelwano phakathi kwabafundi. 

&quot;Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi abafanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yabo kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi, kunye nabo bakhubazekileyo nabangenabo kuyanceda kumaqela omabini abandakanyekayo.  Ngemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi, bonke abafundi baboniswa ikharityhulam efanayo, baphuhlisa amandla abo, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanayo ngaxeshanye. Ke ngoko, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ezenzeka ngazo kuba abafundi bafunda ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngesantya sabo nangendlela yabo. Ngokusebenzayo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke ibonelela ngendawo ekhuthazayo apho ukufundisa nokufunda kufuneka kwenzeke khona nangona kukho izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Kuyacaca ukuba abafundi abakhubazekileyo bazuza ngakumbi kwimeko ebandakanya bonke kuba banokufumana uncedo koontanga babo abanezakhono ezahlukeneyo kwaye bakhuphisana kwinqanaba elifanayo ngenxa yamathuba alinganayo anikiweyo.&quot; Uphando ngesihloko semfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu lunokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kolwazi olukhoyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. 

=== Iziphumo ezihle kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo ===
Kukho iziphumo ezininzi ezilungileyo zokubandakanywa apho abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nabanye abafundi eklasini bobabini bayazuza. Uphando lubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokufikelela kwinjongo yenkqubo yemfundo yomntu ngamnye (i-IEP), ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zentlalo, ukwandisa unxibelelwano oluhle noontanga, iziphumo ezininzi zemfundo, kunye nohlengahlengiso emva kwesikolo. Iziphumo ezilungileyo kubantwana abangenaziphene ziquka ukuphuhliswa kwesimo sengqondo esihle kunye nembono yabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nokuphucula imeko yoluntu kunye noontanga abakhubazekileyo.  Nangona besiya besiba ngabacalucaluli kangako, abantwana abangenaziphene abafunda kwiiklasi ezibandakanya bonke abantu nabo baphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano nezobunkokeli ngokukhawuleza.  Kuye kwenziwa izifundo ezininzi ngemiphumo yokubandakanywa kwabantwana abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. Uphononongo malunga nokubandakanywa kwabafundi luthelekise abafundi abafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi abadibeneyo nabahlulwe ngokwahlukeneyo (imfundo ekhethekileyo kuphela). Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba abantwana abakwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo baqhubela phambili ekuphuhlisweni kwezakhono zentlalo ngelixa abantwana abahlukanisiweyo behla ngokwenene.  Olunye uphando lubonisa impembelelo ekufakweni kwabafundi kwibanga lesi-2 ukuya kwelesi-5. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezithile benze iingenelo ezithile zemfundo kunye nomdla ngesantya esifana neso sabafundi abaphumeleleyo ngokwesiqhelo. Abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezithile nabo babonakalise ukuphucuka kokuzithemba kwabo kwaye kwezinye iimeko baphucule inkuthazo yabo. 

Uphononongo lwesithathu lubonisa indlela inkxaso yoontanga kwigumbi lokufundela elibandakanya bonke abantu enokuba nefuthe elihle ngayo kubantwana abane- autism. Olu phononongo lubone amagumbi okufundela aqhelekileyo okubandakanya abafundi, aneminyaka ephakathi kwe-7 ukuya kwi-11 ubudala. Oontanga babo baqeqeshwe ngendlela yokungenelela ukunceda abanye abafundi abane-autism bahlale besebenza kwaye begxile. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba ukusebenzisa oontanga ukuba bangenelele endaweni yootitshala beklasini kuncede abafundi abane-autism ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuziphatha okungekho emsebenzini. Kwakhona kubonise ukuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bamkela umfundi one-autism ngaphambi nasemva kokuba iindlela zokungenelela ziqalisiwe. 

Ukungenelela kwangethuba ebomini bomntwana onesifo se-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwakhe ixesha elide nomgangatho wobomi. Isiseko sokudityaniswa kwangoko sikukuchonga nokuxhasa iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye, konke ngelixa kuthintelwa imiceli mngeni yabo ethile. 

== Ukugxeka ==
Abanye babona ukubandakanywa njengento eyingozi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ekhethekileyo kuba basenokungafumani ngqwalasela ingako kunye noncedo abaludingayo. Namhlanje, izifundo ezinde zilandela iziphumo zabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwiiklasi, eziquka ukugqiba izifundo zasekholejini kunye neziphumo zobomi ezisemgangathweni. 

Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cullinan|first=Elizabeth|date=2017|title=Voice of the child - An Investigation into the social inclusion of children with autistic spectrum disorder in mainstream primary settings|journal=Reach|volume=30|pages=23–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Goodall|first=Craig|date=January 2018|title='I felt closed in and like I couldn't breathe': A qualitative study exploring the mainstream educational experiences of autistic young people|journal=Autism &amp; Developmental Language Impairments|volume=3|pages=239694151880440|doi=10.1177/2396941518804407|issn=2396-9415|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.
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{{Reflist|3}}{{Portal|Education|Psychology}}
[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kweyona ingenamda ukuya kweyona idibeneyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

== Amanani okubandakanya abantu ehlabathini ==
Inani labafundi abakhubazekileyo ababandakanyiweyo liyahluka ngokweendawo nangohlobo lokukhubazeka, kodwa liqhelekile kubafundi abakhubazekileyo kancinci kwaye aliqhelekanga kwiintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka okunzima. EDenmark, ama-99% abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezifana ne- 'dyslexia ' bafakwa kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. EMelika, abafundi abathathu kwabahlanu abaneengxaki zokufunda bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Izibalo zangasemva kwesikolo (emva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) zigcinwa ziiyunivesithi noorhulumente malunga namanani empumelelo yabafundi abangena ekholejini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufanelekile iinkonzo zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabacebisi) okanye iinkqubo kwiikhampasi zeekholejini, ezinje ngemfundo exhaswayo kwizikhubazo zengqondo okanye iKholeji yokuPhila. Ezi zimbini ziinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zeekholeji kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaziya iikholeji kunye nezobugcisa (umzekelo, ukuhlawulwa kweencwadi zesikolo, abafundi okanye abaguquleli), kwaye izifundo zokugqibela ziphuhliswe ngokufana nezikolo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi (umzekelo , ibhanki yomhlalaphantsi).

== Intsebenziswano ==
Iinkqubo zokufaka abantwana abakhubazekileyo nezingekhoyo zivumela abantwana ukuba badlale baze badlale yonke imihla, kwanaxa befumana iinkonzo zonyango. Xa umntwana enengxaki yokuhamba kakuhle, kusenokuthintelwa amandla akhe okuzibandakanya ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeklasi, njengokusika, ukupeyinta nokuthunga ibhatyi. Nangona oogqirha bezempilo basoloko bebizwa ukuba bahlole baze baphucule amacebo ngaphandle kwesikolo, ngokufuthi kushiywa kootitshala beklasi ukuba baphucule iindlela esikolweni. Ukusebenzisana nabaqeqeshi bezonyango kuya kunceda ootitshala eklasini basebenzise amacebo okufaka isandla kwaye banike ulwazi ngakumbi ngabafundisi ngeemfuno zabafundi ngaphakathi kwezikolo kwaye banikezele ngokuzimela kootitshala ekusebenziseni amacebo ezonyango lwezemisebenzi.

Ngenxa yokugunyaziswa kwakhona koMthetho weMfundo yabantu abakhubazekileyo (i-IDEA) ngo-1997, kugxininiswe kakhulu ekunikezelweni kweenkonzo ezinxulumene noko kwiimeko zemfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu. [Nolan, 2004] Ukubaluleka kweendlela eziqukayo nezidibeneyo zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kuye kwaphandwa ngokubanzi okubonisa iingenelo ezilungileyo. [Case-Smith&amp;Holland, 2009] Kwiimodeli zemveli zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo &quot;zokukhupha&quot; abantwana badla ngokusebenza kwiindawo ezizimeleyo omnye nomnye nogqirha wengqondo, uCase-Smith kunye noHolland (2009) bathi abantwana abasebenza kwizakhono kanye okanye kabini ngeveki &quot;abanakukwazi ukuvelisa ukufunda okukhokelela ekuziphatheni okutsha kunye nobuchule obongezelelekileyo.&quot; [Case Smith &amp; Holland, 2009, pg.419]. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lomsebenzi luye lwatshintsha ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango &quot;lokukhupha&quot; ukuya kwindlela edibeneyo apho unyango lwenzeka esikolweni okanye kwigumbi lokufundela.

Abaphathi bokufakwa baye bacela ukuba bajonge abasebenzi babo ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo kubantwana abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo, unxibelelwano lokuvuselelwa komsebenzi wokuqeshwa, unxibelelaniso lwentlalo kubantu abakhethekileyo (umzekelo, &quot;imfama eyimfama&quot;, &quot;i-autism&quot;), kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko amakhulu asekuhlaleni kwiinkqubo zangemva kwesikolo kunye nokutshintsha ukuya ebudaleni. Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisana nabazali, kubandakanywa nentsebenziswano yabazali-abaqeqeshiweyo kwiindawo zokwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko neelwimi (umz., uMaya Kaylanpur noBeth Harry, owenza i-Ph.D. yezemfundo ekhethekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseSirakuse).

=== Ubudlelwane nemfundo eqhubekayo ===
Abanye abaxhasi bokufakwa kwabantu kwimfundo bakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi imfundo eqhubekayo. Kwimfundo eqhubekayo okanye eklasini ekwakhiwa kuyo abantu bonke, wonke umntu ufumana &quot;iseti yezenzo ezininzi&quot;, yaye umfundi ngamnye wenza oko akwaziyo ukukwenza, okanye oko afuna ukukwenza aze afunde nantoni na evela kuloo mava. Iindlela zemfundo ezibandakanya rhoqo zixhomekeke ekufundeni okusebenzayo, kwiindlela zokuvavanya ezichanekileyo, kwiikharityhulam ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwiindlela zemfundo ezinamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye nokunyuka kokunyamekela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabafundi kunye nokuzimela. Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kudla ngokuqala ngesikhuthazo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuzibandakanya ngelixa bekwiklasi. 

=== Ubudlelwane Necebo Lokufunda Eliqhelekileyo ===
Umzekelo wokufundisa onxulumene nemfundo equka bonke abantu kunye nokucinga okuqhubekayo yi-Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Le ndlela yokufundisa ixhasa ukususwa kwezithintelo kwimeko-bume yomzimba neyentlalo apho abafundi babo bonke ubuchule bakhona, kuba esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba abafundi bangakwazi ukubandakanyeka kwimiba eboniswa eklasini. Ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka baqonde kungekuphela nje iimfuno zabafundi babo, kodwa nakukwazi kwabo, umdla wabo, imvelaphi yabo, ubunikazi babo, ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambili, kunye neenjongo zabo. Ngokuqonda abafundi babo, ootitshala banokuqhubela phambili nokusebenzisa imfundiso eyahlukileyo ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bafunde ngendlela ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo; kulandele ukulungiswa nokutshintshwa kwenkqubo ukuze wonke umntu afumane inkqubo yokufunda ngokulinganayo nangokwasesidlangalaleni. Olunye uphando luchaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-UDL, ngokucacisa ukuba &quot;imigaqo yokuvavanya iinjongo zokufunda ihlala ihambelana. Enyanisweni, iinjongo zokuphelisa ukufunda zihlala zifana, kwaye yindlela umfundi afikelela ngayo kuloo ndawo yokufunda eyahluka ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, umfundi ngamnye ucelwe umngeni wokufunda ngokwamandla akhe, kwaye ucelwe ngumngeni ngoqeqesho olunobungqina obuninzi kunye nokuvavanywa&quot;.

Amanye amagumbi okufundela okanye izikolo zikholelwa ukuba ukubandakanya kuthetha ukuba abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa bakwigumbi, ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwisidingo sabo sabasebenzi abancedisayo okanye ukulindela kwikhosi ehlaziyiweyo.  Kunoko, imfundo equka bonke abantu kufuneka ibe kukufundisa umfundi ngamnye nokwenza ukufunda nokufundisa kube ngokulinganayo, kunokulingana. Ngoko, ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka bacinge ngokubandakanya abafundi babo  kunye nobuntu babo obuninzi - nokuba oko kubandakanya izinto ezibhalwe ngababhali bomhlanga othile obonakalayo eklasini yabo, okanye ukudala iindawo ezivulekileyo zomfundi kwisitulo sevili. Enoba yintoni na etshintshileyo, bonke abafundi banokungenelwa kuyo ngandlela ithile.

=== Ukudibanisa ===
Olunye uhlobo loyilo olubandakanya abasebenzisi kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo kukuyilwa kunye. Ukusebenzisana nabantu abanamava abo malunga nesihloko esiphathekayo okanye abantu abaza kusebenzisa uyilo lwemveliso (kule meko inkqubo yokufunda okanye iindlela zokufunda ezibandakanya bonke) kuya kuphumela kwimveliso esebenzayo kubasebenzisi. Nangona uninzi lwabafundi lukwazi ukufunda kwimeko yemfundo yangoku, ukuphumeza ukuyilwa kunye kunokudala imeko yokufunda esebenzayo ngakumbi kubafundi. Ukusebenzisa ukuyila kunye kunethuba lokudala amava ancomekayo. Abaqulunqi beeprojekthi zeekharityhulam abanawo amava afanelekileyo okuyila eyona nkqubo yokusebenza kunye neendlela ezizalisekiswayo zokufunda kwiikharityhulamu ezisetyenziswa kumagumbi okufundela angasebenziyo kuwo onke abafundi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuyila kunye nootitshala kwaye xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi banokudala amava aquka ngakumbi xa befunda ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi kwaye hayi abafundi abakhubazekileyo okanye &quot;iimfuno ezikhethekileyo.&quot;

Abameli bathi nokuba ukungabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo akwamkelekanga ngokokuziphatha. Abaxhasi bakholelwa ukuba ukungabandakanywa kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwezentlalo kwaye ukugcina ukubonakala kwabo kwezentlalo kubaluleke ngaphezu kwempumelelo yabo kwezemfundo. Abaxhasi bathi uluntu alubaniki isidima abantu abakhubazekileyo xa bengabonakali kangako kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. Abameli bathi nokuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bonzakaliswa ngokwezemfundo ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abathile abaneempawu ezikhethekileyo, ukuba ukungabandakanywa kwaba bafundi kusaya kuba yinto engamkelekanga ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njengoko abameli bekholelwa ukuba umonakalo kwimfundo yabafundi abaqhelekileyo uhlala ungabalulekanga kangako kunomonakalo wentlalo obangelwa kukwenza abantu abakhubazekileyo bangabonakali kangako kuluntu. 

Ingxoxo yesibini ephambili kukuba wonke umntu uyazuza ngokufakwa. Abameli bathi baninzi abantwana nabantu abaselula abangenazo (okanye abavakalelwa kukuba abafanelekanga), yaye isikolo esibandakanya bonke abafundi abakhubazekileyo siziva samkelekile kubo bonke. Ukongezelela, ubuncinane omnye umbhali uye wafunda impembelelo yomzimba wafundi ohlukeneyo kubantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye ugqibe kwelokuba abafundi abane 'ngokulibaziseka kwengqondo' [] abachitha ixesha phakathi koontanga babo babonisa ukwanda kwezakhono zentlalo kunye nezakhono zemfundo. 

Abameli bokufakwa bathi iziphumo zexesha elide zabafundi abaqhelekileyo ababandakanywe nabafundi abakhubazekileyo basebuncinaneni beminyaka kakhulu banovakalelo oluphezulu kwimiceli mngeni abanye abajamelene nayo, ukuvelana kunye novelwano olunyukayo, kunye nezakhono zobunkokeli eziphuculweyo, ezixhamla wonke uluntu.

Ukudityaniswa kweenkonzo zokufaka kunye nokufaka (ukufaka ngokuthe ngqo) kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunceda abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda kwindawo yokuqonda ukufunda, kwaye kuncedisa ootitshala bezemfundo ezikhethekileyo ababonelela ngeenkonzo. 

Imfundo equka bonke abantwana enokuba luncedo kubo bonke abafundi, kungekhona nje abo baneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunceda abafundi baqonde ukubaluleka kokusebenza kunye, kwaye kukhuthaza imvakalelo yokunyamezelana kunye novelwano phakathi komzimba wabafundi. 

&quot;Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi abafanelekileyo ubudala kwiklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi, ecaleni kwabo baneziphene kunye nabangenaso kunceda amaqela omabini abandakanyekayo. Ngemfundo equka bonke abafundi bafumana ikharityhulam efanayo, baphuhlisa amandla abo, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanayo ngexesha elifanayo. Ke ngoko, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kuba abafundi bafunda ngokwahlukileyo, ngesantya sabo nangesitayile sabo. Ngokwenyani, imfundo equka inika indawo yokunyamekela apho ukufundisa nokufunda kufuneka kwenzeke nangona kukho izinto ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga. Kucacile ukuba abafundi abaneziphenelelo bafumana inzuzo ngakumbi kwindawo equka kuba banokufumana uncedo koontanga babo abaneziphane ezahlukeneyo kwaye bakhuphisana kwinqanaba elifanayo ngenxa yamathuba alinganayo. &quot;Uphando ngomxholo wemfundo equka bonke abantu lunokunceda ekuphuhliseni ulwazi olukhoyo ngeendlela ezininzi. 

=== Iziphumo ezihle kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo ===
Zininzi iziphumo ezihle zokufakwa apho abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunye nabanye abafundi eklasini bexhamla. Uphando lubonise iziphumo ezihle kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokufikelela kwinjongo yenkqubo yemfundo eqhelekileyo (IEP), ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zentlalo, ukwanda kokunxibelelana kakuhle noontanga, iziphumo ezininzi zemfundo, kunye nokulungiswa kwesikolo. Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kubantwana abangenazo iziphene zibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo efanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwesimo sentlalo kunye nabalingane abangenazo izikhokelo.  Nangona bekungabikho kukhetha, abantwana abangenasiphako abafunda kumagumbi okufundela aquka bonke nabo baphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano nezobunkokheli ngokukhawuleza.Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ngeziphumo zokufakwa kwabantwana abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela emfundo jikelele. Uphando olwenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwabathile ababandakanyekileyo kunye nabahlukanisiweyo (imfundo ekhethekileyo kuphela) abafundi abangaphambi kwesikolo. Olu phando luye lwafumanisa ukuba abantwana abakwiindawo ezihlanganisiweyo baphucule kuphuhliso lwezakhono zentlalo ngelixa abantwana abahlukanisiweyo benyuka. 
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba luchaphazela ukubandakanywa kwebanga lesi-2 ukuya kwelesi-5. Olu phando lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi abaneengxaki ezithile zokufunda benza iinzuzo ezithile kwizifundo nakwizinto ezichaphazelayo ngesantya esifana neso sabafundi abaphumelelayo. Abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda nabo babonisa ukuphucuka kokuzihlonipha kwaye kwezinye iimeko baphucula isikhuthazo. 

Uhlolisiso lwesithathu lubonisa indlela inkxaso yoontanga eklasini enokubangela ngayo iziphumo ezintle kubantwana abane-autism. Olu phando lubonise ukuba iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ziquka abantwana abaneminyaka eli-7 ukuya kweli-11. Abo babekunye nabo baqeqeshwa ngendlela yokungenelela ukuze bancede abo bafunda nabo abanezifo zokuqaqadeka bahlale besenza umsebenzi baze baqalise ukucinga. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa oontanga abangabalinganiyo ukuze bangenelele kunotitshala eklasini kuncede abafundi abane-autism banciphise kakhulu ukuziphatha ngaphandle komsebenzi. Kwakhona kwabonisa ukuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bamkela umfundi onesifo sokuqaqadeka kokubili ngaphambi nasemva kokuba kwaqaliswa iindlela zokungenelela.

Ukungenelela kwangethuba ebomini bomntwana onesifo se-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwakhe ixesha elide nomgangatho wobomi. Isiseko sokudityaniswa kwangoko sikukuchonga nokuxhasa iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye, konke ngelixa kuthintelwa imiceli mngeni yabo ethile. 

== Ukugxekwa ==
Abanye babona ukubandakanywa njengento eyingozi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ekhethekileyo kuba basenokungafumani ngqwalasela ingako kunye noncedo abaludingayo. Namhlanje, izifundo ezinde zilandela iziphumo zabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwiiklasi, eziquka ukugqiba izifundo zasekholejini kunye neziphumo zobomi ezisemgangathweni. 

UJames M. Kauffman noJeanmarie Badar babhala inqaku lokuba &quot;imfundo ekhethekileyo iya kuthi ngenye imini ibonwe njengedlule kwixesha lokulibala okuhlazisayo kweemfuno zabafundi. &quot; Ababhali bathi iklasi yemfundo eqhelekileyo ayisiyo indawo efanelekileyo yokunika abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo imfundo ephumelelayo. Le ngxelo ixhaswa kukubonelela ngezimvo ezintandathu eziphosakeleyo abantu abakholelwa kuzo, izizathu zokuba kutheni ingasebenzi nokuchaza ezinye iindlela. Enye into ephosakeleyo abayenzayo kukuba &quot;Bonke abafundi, kuquka abo banokukhubazeka, kufuneka balindele ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu.&quot; Ababhali bathi umntwana ngamnye unemilinganiselo yakhe ephakamileyo yaye le mbono kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nabantwana bonke, enoba baneziphene okanye akunjalo. Bayaqhubeka besithi iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo eziye zikhokelele abafundi abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo zize zibanike ingqalelo engakumbi, ixesha elingakumbi, maxa wambi izabelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zingenelo gqitha. Umahluko kwindlela abafundi abafunda ngayo yinto ekufuneka bayamkele ukuze bakwazi ukufunda kangangoko banako, kuba imfundo yabo nokuqonda inkqubo yezemfundo kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokufakwa eklasini jikelele ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngowama-2020, uGqr. Chelsea P. Tracy-Bronson weYunivesithi yaseStockton wenza isifundo esijonga oko abantu abakwenzayo kwinqanaba lesiphaluka ukunceda ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kuhamba kakuhle. Injongo yolu phando yayikukubonisa iindlela zanamhlanje ezisetyenziswayo ezisebenza ukuze kuveliswe imfundo elinganayo nebandakanya bonke abafundi. Olu phando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yophando esemgangathweni ejonga iimbono namava eenkokeli ezisixhenxe zemfundo ekhethekileyo ezazisebenzisa iinkqubo zokufaka abantu ngendlela ephumelelayo nengenabulungisa. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kunokuphumelela xa iinkokeli zezithili zikhuthaza iindlela zokubandakanya, zibhenela kwimodeli ekade ikho, kwaye zikhuthaza imeko-bume yokuba ootitshala nabafundi bakhule baze baqonde imodeli yokubandakanya. NjengoBarton, olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba sisixhobo esihle ekudaleni imeko yokufunda elinganayo nebandakanya abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo.

UGarry Hornby udibanisa amacala amabini angqubanayo abe yingcamango enye enokunceda wonke umntu. Emva kokuhlalutya izikhokelo zootitshala kunye neenkqubo ezijolise ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufakwa, uHornby wagqiba kwelokuba ukufakwa kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntwana ngamnye.  Iingcamango awayezihlalutya zagxininisa ekubandakanyeni nasekufundiseni abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ngeendlela ezifanayo, nto leyo eyayingasebenzi. Ezi modeli zokufakwa azisebenzi, abafundisi-ntsapho nabaphathi bayakhathazeka, nto leyo eyenza babe nesimo sengqondo esibi ngokufakwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimeko ezithile zazinconyelwa kwaye kucetyiswa isicwangciso somntwana ngamnye oneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, iimodeli zokufakwa ziya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi kuba abantwana abaneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu abayi kuchitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kususa ingqalelo kwindlela yokwenza umsebenzi wokufaka, ibe iya kugxila kwimfundo esebenzayo nasekuncedeni abafundi bafikelele kwiinjongo zabo.

Ngokubanzi, iingcali kwicandelo lemfundo ziye zenza uphando olunzulu ngomxholo wokufakwa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kwaye zifumene idatha eninzi exhasa omabini amacala engxoxo. Njengoko sibona, le ngxoxo malunga nokuba ngaba ukubandakanywa kuyimodeli efanelekileyo yemfundo ekhethekileyo iye yahlala ixesha elide, kwaye akukho nto inokuyithetha ukuba iya kuze iphele.

Abagxeki bokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye baquka ootitshala, abaphathi nabazali. Iindlela zokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo nezingxamisekileyo azilibali ukuba uninzi lwabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo eziphambili zifuna uqeqesho oluthe ngqo okanye iimeko ezilawulwa kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ootitshala beklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi badla ngokufundisa isicwangciso semfundo ngoxa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekileyo ehlaziya imfundo ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokufanayo, umntwana onengxaki enkulu yokungakhathali usenokungakwazi ukugxila eklasini elinabantwana abangamashumi amabini nangaphezulu. Nangona ukwanda kokukhubazeka kwabafundi, esi sisimo ekufuneka bonke ootitshala balwe naso, kwaye asiyimpembelelo ngqo yokudityaniswa njengengcamango. 

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kunokuba yindlela yezikolo zokuthuthuzela abazali kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, usebenzisa eli gama njengegama lokufuna ingqalelo kwinto enyanisweni imizamo engekhoyo yokufundisa abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kwindawo yemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Ubuncinane omnye uphando luye lwahlolisisa ukungabikho kweenkonzo ezizodwa ezinikezelwa kubafundi abane-IEPs xa zibekwe kwindawo ebandakanya kunokuba zisetyenziswe.

Abanye abaphandi baye bathi izithili zezikolo azibaxhasi abantu abaqeqeshwayo kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kubafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela naziphi na iziphumo. Ukongezelela, izithili zesikolo zihlala zichaza ifilosofi equka zonke izinto ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko, kwaye ziphelise naziphi na iinkonzo ezixabisekileyo zokurhoxa, konke egameni labafundi abangenayo into yokuthetha kulo mbandela.

Abanye abantu bathi ukubandakanya abantu kunomtsalane kwifilosofi kodwa akunakwenzeka. Izifundo azizange ziqinisekise izibonelelo ezicetywayo zokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Ukongeza, inkonzo &quot;yokunyusa&quot; ayivumeli abafundi abaneziphene eziphakathi ukuya ezinzima ukuba bafundiswe ngabanye kwigumbi lezinto, apho uninzi lubonisa inzuzo enkulu ekufundeni nasekuphuhlisweni kwemvakalelo. 

Abazali babafundi abakhubazekileyo banokuba ngocoselelo malunga nokubeka abantwana babo kwinkqubo yokufakwa ngenxa yokoyika ukuba abantwana baya kugculelwa ngabanye abafundi, okanye bangakwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobomi eziqhelekileyo eklasini lezemfundo.

Abanye bathi izikolo ezibandakanya abantu abaninzi azizizo izinto eziza kubiza imali eninzi xa kuthelekiswa nezona zinto zibiza imali encinane okanye ziyasebenza, njengemfundo ekhethekileyo. Bathi imfundo ekhethekileyo inceda abafundi ukuba &quot;baphinde bafumane&quot; izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngokubanika imfundo eyenziwe ngabanye neyenziwe ngabanjalo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo ezizodwa. Oku kukunceda abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ukuba baqalise ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwimisebenzi ephambili yesikolo noluntu. Abo baxhasa le mfundiso bathi abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ababandakanyeki ngokupheleleyo kubomi babafundi kuba beye bafumana imfundo ekhethekileyo. Abanye bathi ukuzigcina kude nabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunokubenza bangazixabisi yaye kunokubenza bangakwazi ukuqhubana nabanye abantu. Ukugcina aba bafundi kwiiklasi ezahlukileyo abayi kubona umzabalazo kunye nempumelelo abanokuyenza kunye. Nangona kunjalo, ubuncinane omnye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanya imfundo kunenzuzo yexesha elide kubafundi njengoko kubonisiwe ngamanqaku aphezulu ovavanyo,  apho inzuzo yokudityaniswa ayikaqinisekiswa.

=== Imida yabafundi ===
Abafundisi-ntsapho bathi abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa. isikolo ezininzi zilindele ukuba umfundi ofundiswe ngokupheleleyo asebenze okanye kufuphi nenqanaba leklasi, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingundoqo: Okokuqala, ukuba kufakwe kufunwa ukuba umfundi akwazi ukuya esikolweni. Abafundi ababekwe ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo esikolweni (umzekelo, ngenxa yokugcinwa esibhedlele ixesha elide), okanye abafundiswe ngaphandle kwezikolo (umzekelo ngenxa yokubhalisa kwinkqubo imfundo ekude) abanakulinga ukubandakanywa.

Ukongeza, abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa ngenxa yempembelelo yabo kwabanye abafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneengxaki ezinkulu zokuziphatha, kangangokuba bayingozi enkulu emzimbeni kwabanye, abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa, kuba isikolo sinoxanduva lokubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke abafundi kunye nabasebenzi.

Okokugqibela, abanye abafundi abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa kuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo eklasini yemfundo ngokubanzi iya kubathintela ekufundeni.  Ngokomzekelo, umfundi onengxaki enkulu yokunikela ingqalelo okanye oneengxaki ezinkulu zokucwangcisa izinto ngeemvakalelo usenokuphazanyiswa kakhulu okanye abe buhlungu xa abanye abafundi besebenza kwidesika yakhe. Ukubandakanya kufuneka kuhlolisiswe iimfuno ezizodwa zomntwana.

Abafundi ababandakanyiweyo ngokubanzi ngabo baneziphene zomzimba ezingenanto okanye abanamsebenzi omncinci emsebenzini wabo wezemfundo (isifo seswekile, isifo sephepha, i-allergies yokutya, ukuqhwanyaza), abafundi abaneziphene ezilula zazo zonke iintlobo, kunye nabafundi abanezipheno ezifuna iinkonzo ezizodwa ezimbalwa.

UBowe uthi ukubandakanywa rhoqo, kodwa hayi ukubandakaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yindlela efanelekileyo yenani elikhulu labafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Kwakhona uthi kwabanye abafundi, ngakumbi abo baneengxaki ezinzulu ze-[[I-Autism|autism spectrum]] okanye &quot;ukuhamba emva kwengqondo,&quot; kunye nabantu abaninzi abayizithulu okanye abaneziphene ezininzi, nokuba ukubandakanywa rhoqo kungaboneleli ngemfundo efanelekileyo. Ootitshala babafundi abaneengxaki ze-autism spectrum ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iinkqubo zangaphambili, iimeko eziphuthumayo ezilibazisayo, iindlela zokuzilawula, ukungenelela okuxhaswa ngoontanga, uqeqesho lokuphendula okuphambili kunye neendlela zokufundisa ezisemgangathweni. 

=== Iingxelo zabafundi ezibi ===
Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ithandwa kakhulu kwiiklasi nakwibutho, kusekho abanye abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa abangenakufumana izibonelelo zokuhlala kwiklasi esemgangathweni. Izifundo ezimbini zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba kusekho umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe xa kufikwa ekuziseni ukubandakanyeka kwimpilo. Omnye umphengululi wafunda abafundi abangama-371 abavela kwiibakala ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6 kwizikolo ezi-2 zasemaphandleni nakwizikolo eziphambili zasemaphandle eIreland ezenza imfundo equka bonke abantu. Abafundi babuzwa ngemibuzo malunga nesimo sentlalo yoontanga babo - abanye babo bakwi-spectrum (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)) - ngokunxulumene nemidlalo kunye nemeko yomsebenzi. Oku kwakusenzelwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba aba bafundi bamkelwe okanye baxhatshazwa ngokwasentlalweni kwindawo yemfundo equka bonke. &quot;Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantwana abane-ASD bafumana amanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okwamkelwa kwezentlalo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okulahlwa kwezentlalo&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba nangona kukho iindlela ezikhoyo ezisebenza ngokubandakanya abafundi abaneemeko ezingaqhelekanga, kusekho abanye abalahlwa ngoontanga babo.

Uninzi lwezifundo ezifundiswa ezikolweni eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya bonke abantu zenziwa kuba zikholelwa ukuba umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda, kodwa kunqabile ukuba bacinge ukuba ngaba banako ukuzilungelelanisa kule meko. Olunye uphando lwahlola amava abafundi abane-ASD ezikolweni ezibandakanya abantu. Aba bafundi abali-12 babeminyaka eli-11 ukusa kweyi-17 ubudala, beneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo nezakhono ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana imvakalelo yokwesaba, isizungu kunye nokuzihlutha, ngelixa bekhathazwa, bengaqondwanga kakuhle, kwaye bengaxhaswanga ngoontanga babo nootitshala babo.  Ezi mvakalelo kunye nokugxothwa kwaba nefuthe kwintlalo-ntle yabo kwaye kwabonisa &quot;ukuba imfundo eqhelekileyo ayihlangabezani neemfuno zabo bonke abane-autism ecatshulwa njengenokwenzeka; kukho umsantsa phakathi kweentetho zokufaka kunye neyona nto bayiphilayo eklasini&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba kusekho isidingo sokuphucula iimeko zentlalo kwiimeko zemfundo ezibandakanya bonke, njengoko abaninzi abanemihlobo engaqhelekanga bengenelwa kule meko.

==== Iimpendulo kwiiakhawunti zabafundi ezingekho mthethweni ====
Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa. Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko. Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.

== Bona kwakho ==

* I-Arhente yaseYurophu yeeMfuno eziKhethekileyo kunye neMfundo eBandakanyayo
* Utshintsho lwasemva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo lwabafundi abakhubazekileyo bezikolo eziphakamileyo
* Ucalucalulo kwimfundo
* Ukufundisa ubulungisa kwezentlalo
* Ukusasazwa kwemfundo ngokubanzi
* Inkqubo yoNcedo oluKhethekileyo (imfundo yase-Australia)
* Isangqa sabahlobo (ukukhubazeka)
* I-Accord Coalition yYkubandakanya abantu bonke ngenxa yenkolo (eNgilane naseWales)
* UMthetho weMfundo yabo bonke abantwana abakhubazekileyo
* I-Compass Institute Inc. Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zemfundo kunye nezobugcisa kubantu abancinci abakhubazekileyo
* Ilungelo lokufumana imfundo
* Ukufikelela jikelele kwimfundo
* Ukuhlanganiswa koluntu
* Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abantu eLatin America
* Ingcinga engeyongozi kangako

== Imithombo yophando ==

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[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kweyona ingenamda ukuya kweyona idibeneyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

== Amanani okubandakanya abantu ehlabathini ==
Inani labafundi abakhubazekileyo ababandakanyiweyo liyahluka ngokweendawo nangohlobo lokukhubazeka, kodwa liqhelekile kubafundi abakhubazekileyo kancinci kwaye aliqhelekanga kwiintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka okunzima. EDenmark, ama-99% abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezifana ne- 'dyslexia ' bafakwa kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. EMelika, abafundi abathathu kwabahlanu abaneengxaki zokufunda bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Izibalo zangasemva kwesikolo (emva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) zigcinwa ziiyunivesithi noorhulumente malunga namanani empumelelo yabafundi abangena ekholejini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufanelekile iinkonzo zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabacebisi) okanye iinkqubo kwiikhampasi zeekholejini, ezinje ngemfundo exhaswayo kwizikhubazo zengqondo okanye iKholeji yokuPhila. Ezi zimbini ziinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zeekholeji kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaziya iikholeji kunye nezobugcisa (umzekelo, ukuhlawulwa kweencwadi zesikolo, abafundi okanye abaguquleli), kwaye izifundo zokugqibela ziphuhliswe ngokufana nezikolo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi (umzekelo , ibhanki yomhlalaphantsi).

== Intsebenziswano ==
Iinkqubo zokufaka abantwana abakhubazekileyo nezingekhoyo zivumela abantwana ukuba badlale baze badlale yonke imihla, kwanaxa befumana iinkonzo zonyango. Xa umntwana enengxaki yokuhamba kakuhle, kusenokuthintelwa amandla akhe okuzibandakanya ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeklasi, njengokusika, ukupeyinta nokuthunga ibhatyi. Nangona oogqirha bezempilo basoloko bebizwa ukuba bahlole baze baphucule amacebo ngaphandle kwesikolo, ngokufuthi kushiywa kootitshala beklasi ukuba baphucule iindlela esikolweni. Ukusebenzisana nabaqeqeshi bezonyango kuya kunceda ootitshala eklasini basebenzise amacebo okufaka isandla kwaye banike ulwazi ngakumbi ngabafundisi ngeemfuno zabafundi ngaphakathi kwezikolo kwaye banikezele ngokuzimela kootitshala ekusebenziseni amacebo ezonyango lwezemisebenzi.

Ngenxa yokugunyaziswa kwakhona koMthetho weMfundo yabantu abakhubazekileyo (i-IDEA) ngo-1997, kugxininiswe kakhulu ekunikezelweni kweenkonzo ezinxulumene noko kwiimeko zemfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu. [Nolan, 2004] Ukubaluleka kweendlela eziqukayo nezidibeneyo zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kuye kwaphandwa ngokubanzi okubonisa iingenelo ezilungileyo. [Case-Smith&amp;Holland, 2009] Kwiimodeli zemveli zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo &quot;zokukhupha&quot; abantwana badla ngokusebenza kwiindawo ezizimeleyo omnye nomnye nogqirha wengqondo, uCase-Smith kunye noHolland (2009) bathi abantwana abasebenza kwizakhono kanye okanye kabini ngeveki &quot;abanakukwazi ukuvelisa ukufunda okukhokelela ekuziphatheni okutsha kunye nobuchule obongezelelekileyo.&quot; [Case Smith &amp; Holland, 2009, pg.419]. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lomsebenzi luye lwatshintsha ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango &quot;lokukhupha&quot; ukuya kwindlela edibeneyo apho unyango lwenzeka esikolweni okanye kwigumbi lokufundela.

Abaphathi bokufakwa baye bacela ukuba bajonge abasebenzi babo ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo kubantwana abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo, unxibelelwano lokuvuselelwa komsebenzi wokuqeshwa, unxibelelaniso lwentlalo kubantu abakhethekileyo (umzekelo, &quot;imfama eyimfama&quot;, &quot;i-autism&quot;), kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko amakhulu asekuhlaleni kwiinkqubo zangemva kwesikolo kunye nokutshintsha ukuya ebudaleni. Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisana nabazali, kubandakanywa nentsebenziswano yabazali-abaqeqeshiweyo kwiindawo zokwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko neelwimi (umz., uMaya Kaylanpur noBeth Harry, owenza i-Ph.D. yezemfundo ekhethekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseSirakuse).

=== Ubudlelwane nemfundo eqhubekayo ===
Abanye abaxhasi bokufakwa kwabantu kwimfundo bakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi imfundo eqhubekayo. Kwimfundo eqhubekayo okanye eklasini ekwakhiwa kuyo abantu bonke, wonke umntu ufumana &quot;iseti yezenzo ezininzi&quot;, yaye umfundi ngamnye wenza oko akwaziyo ukukwenza, okanye oko afuna ukukwenza aze afunde nantoni na evela kuloo mava. Iindlela zemfundo ezibandakanya rhoqo zixhomekeke ekufundeni okusebenzayo, kwiindlela zokuvavanya ezichanekileyo, kwiikharityhulam ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwiindlela zemfundo ezinamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye nokunyuka kokunyamekela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabafundi kunye nokuzimela. Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kudla ngokuqala ngesikhuthazo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuzibandakanya ngelixa bekwiklasi. 

=== Ubudlelwane Necebo Lokufunda Eliqhelekileyo ===
Umzekelo wokufundisa onxulumene nemfundo equka bonke abantu kunye nokucinga okuqhubekayo yi-Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Le ndlela yokufundisa ixhasa ukususwa kwezithintelo kwimeko-bume yomzimba neyentlalo apho abafundi babo bonke ubuchule bakhona, kuba esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba abafundi bangakwazi ukubandakanyeka kwimiba eboniswa eklasini. Ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka baqonde kungekuphela nje iimfuno zabafundi babo, kodwa nakukwazi kwabo, umdla wabo, imvelaphi yabo, ubunikazi babo, ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambili, kunye neenjongo zabo. Ngokuqonda abafundi babo, ootitshala banokuqhubela phambili nokusebenzisa imfundiso eyahlukileyo ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bafunde ngendlela ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo; kulandele ukulungiswa nokutshintshwa kwenkqubo ukuze wonke umntu afumane inkqubo yokufunda ngokulinganayo nangokwasesidlangalaleni. Olunye uphando luchaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-UDL, ngokucacisa ukuba &quot;imigaqo yokuvavanya iinjongo zokufunda ihlala ihambelana. Enyanisweni, iinjongo zokuphelisa ukufunda zihlala zifana, kwaye yindlela umfundi afikelela ngayo kuloo ndawo yokufunda eyahluka ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, umfundi ngamnye ucelwe umngeni wokufunda ngokwamandla akhe, kwaye ucelwe ngumngeni ngoqeqesho olunobungqina obuninzi kunye nokuvavanywa&quot;.

Amanye amagumbi okufundela okanye izikolo zikholelwa ukuba ukubandakanya kuthetha ukuba abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa bakwigumbi, ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwisidingo sabo sabasebenzi abancedisayo okanye ukulindela kwikhosi ehlaziyiweyo.  Kunoko, imfundo equka bonke abantu kufuneka ibe kukufundisa umfundi ngamnye nokwenza ukufunda nokufundisa kube ngokulinganayo, kunokulingana. Ngoko, ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka bacinge ngokubandakanya abafundi babo  kunye nobuntu babo obuninzi - nokuba oko kubandakanya izinto ezibhalwe ngababhali bomhlanga othile obonakalayo eklasini yabo, okanye ukudala iindawo ezivulekileyo zomfundi kwisitulo sevili. Enoba yintoni na etshintshileyo, bonke abafundi banokungenelwa kuyo ngandlela ithile.

=== Ukudibanisa ===
Olunye uhlobo loyilo olubandakanya abasebenzisi kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo kukuyilwa kunye. Ukusebenzisana nabantu abanamava abo malunga nesihloko esiphathekayo okanye abantu abaza kusebenzisa uyilo lwemveliso (kule meko inkqubo yokufunda okanye iindlela zokufunda ezibandakanya bonke) kuya kuphumela kwimveliso esebenzayo kubasebenzisi. Nangona uninzi lwabafundi lukwazi ukufunda kwimeko yemfundo yangoku, ukuphumeza ukuyilwa kunye kunokudala imeko yokufunda esebenzayo ngakumbi kubafundi. Ukusebenzisa ukuyila kunye kunethuba lokudala amava ancomekayo. Abaqulunqi beeprojekthi zeekharityhulam abanawo amava afanelekileyo okuyila eyona nkqubo yokusebenza kunye neendlela ezizalisekiswayo zokufunda kwiikharityhulamu ezisetyenziswa kumagumbi okufundela angasebenziyo kuwo onke abafundi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuyila kunye nootitshala kwaye xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi banokudala amava aquka ngakumbi xa befunda ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi kwaye hayi abafundi abakhubazekileyo okanye &quot;iimfuno ezikhethekileyo.&quot;

Abameli bathi nokuba ukungabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo akwamkelekanga ngokokuziphatha. Abaxhasi bakholelwa ukuba ukungabandakanywa kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwezentlalo kwaye ukugcina ukubonakala kwabo kwezentlalo kubaluleke ngaphezu kwempumelelo yabo kwezemfundo. Abaxhasi bathi uluntu alubaniki isidima abantu abakhubazekileyo xa bengabonakali kangako kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. Abameli bathi nokuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bonzakaliswa ngokwezemfundo ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abathile abaneempawu ezikhethekileyo, ukuba ukungabandakanywa kwaba bafundi kusaya kuba yinto engamkelekanga ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njengoko abameli bekholelwa ukuba umonakalo kwimfundo yabafundi abaqhelekileyo uhlala ungabalulekanga kangako kunomonakalo wentlalo obangelwa kukwenza abantu abakhubazekileyo bangabonakali kangako kuluntu. 

Ingxoxo yesibini ephambili kukuba wonke umntu uyazuza ngokufakwa. Abameli bathi baninzi abantwana nabantu abaselula abangenazo (okanye abavakalelwa kukuba abafanelekanga), yaye isikolo esibandakanya bonke abafundi abakhubazekileyo siziva samkelekile kubo bonke. Ukongezelela, ubuncinane omnye umbhali uye wafunda impembelelo yomzimba wafundi ohlukeneyo kubantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye ugqibe kwelokuba abafundi abane 'ngokulibaziseka kwengqondo' [] abachitha ixesha phakathi koontanga babo babonisa ukwanda kwezakhono zentlalo kunye nezakhono zemfundo. 

Abameli bokufakwa bathi iziphumo zexesha elide zabafundi abaqhelekileyo ababandakanywe nabafundi abakhubazekileyo basebuncinaneni beminyaka kakhulu banovakalelo oluphezulu kwimiceli mngeni abanye abajamelene nayo, ukuvelana kunye novelwano olunyukayo, kunye nezakhono zobunkokeli eziphuculweyo, ezixhamla wonke uluntu.

Ukudityaniswa kweenkonzo zokufaka kunye nokufaka (ukufaka ngokuthe ngqo) kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunceda abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda kwindawo yokuqonda ukufunda, kwaye kuncedisa ootitshala bezemfundo ezikhethekileyo ababonelela ngeenkonzo. 

Imfundo equka bonke abantwana enokuba luncedo kubo bonke abafundi, kungekhona nje abo baneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunceda abafundi baqonde ukubaluleka kokusebenza kunye, kwaye kukhuthaza imvakalelo yokunyamezelana kunye novelwano phakathi komzimba wabafundi. 

&quot;Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi abafanelekileyo ubudala kwiklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi, ecaleni kwabo baneziphene kunye nabangenaso kunceda amaqela omabini abandakanyekayo. Ngemfundo equka bonke abafundi bafumana ikharityhulam efanayo, baphuhlisa amandla abo, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanayo ngexesha elifanayo. Ke ngoko, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kuba abafundi bafunda ngokwahlukileyo, ngesantya sabo nangesitayile sabo. Ngokwenyani, imfundo equka inika indawo yokunyamekela apho ukufundisa nokufunda kufuneka kwenzeke nangona kukho izinto ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga. Kucacile ukuba abafundi abaneziphenelelo bafumana inzuzo ngakumbi kwindawo equka kuba banokufumana uncedo koontanga babo abaneziphane ezahlukeneyo kwaye bakhuphisana kwinqanaba elifanayo ngenxa yamathuba alinganayo. &quot;Uphando ngomxholo wemfundo equka bonke abantu lunokunceda ekuphuhliseni ulwazi olukhoyo ngeendlela ezininzi. 

=== Iziphumo ezihle kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo ===
Zininzi iziphumo ezihle zokufakwa apho abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunye nabanye abafundi eklasini bexhamla. Uphando lubonise iziphumo ezihle kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokufikelela kwinjongo yenkqubo yemfundo eqhelekileyo (IEP), ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zentlalo, ukwanda kokunxibelelana kakuhle noontanga, iziphumo ezininzi zemfundo, kunye nokulungiswa kwesikolo. Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kubantwana abangenazo iziphene zibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo efanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwesimo sentlalo kunye nabalingane abangenazo izikhokelo.  Nangona bekungabikho kukhetha, abantwana abangenasiphako abafunda kumagumbi okufundela aquka bonke nabo baphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano nezobunkokheli ngokukhawuleza.Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ngeziphumo zokufakwa kwabantwana abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela emfundo jikelele. Uphando olwenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwabathile ababandakanyekileyo kunye nabahlukanisiweyo (imfundo ekhethekileyo kuphela) abafundi abangaphambi kwesikolo. Olu phando luye lwafumanisa ukuba abantwana abakwiindawo ezihlanganisiweyo baphucule kuphuhliso lwezakhono zentlalo ngelixa abantwana abahlukanisiweyo benyuka. 
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba luchaphazela ukubandakanywa kwebanga lesi-2 ukuya kwelesi-5. Olu phando lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi abaneengxaki ezithile zokufunda benza iinzuzo ezithile kwizifundo nakwizinto ezichaphazelayo ngesantya esifana neso sabafundi abaphumelelayo. Abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda nabo babonisa ukuphucuka kokuzihlonipha kwaye kwezinye iimeko baphucula isikhuthazo. 

Uhlolisiso lwesithathu lubonisa indlela inkxaso yoontanga eklasini enokubangela ngayo iziphumo ezintle kubantwana abane-autism. Olu phando lubonise ukuba iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ziquka abantwana abaneminyaka eli-7 ukuya kweli-11. Abo babekunye nabo baqeqeshwa ngendlela yokungenelela ukuze bancede abo bafunda nabo abanezifo zokuqaqadeka bahlale besenza umsebenzi baze baqalise ukucinga. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa oontanga abangabalinganiyo ukuze bangenelele kunotitshala eklasini kuncede abafundi abane-autism banciphise kakhulu ukuziphatha ngaphandle komsebenzi. Kwakhona kwabonisa ukuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bamkela umfundi onesifo sokuqaqadeka kokubili ngaphambi nasemva kokuba kwaqaliswa iindlela zokungenelela.

Ukungenelela kwangethuba ebomini bomntwana onesifo se-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwakhe ixesha elide nomgangatho wobomi. Isiseko sokudityaniswa kwangoko sikukuchonga nokuxhasa iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye, konke ngelixa kuthintelwa imiceli mngeni yabo ethile. 

== Ukugxekwa ==
Abanye babona ukubandakanywa njengento eyingozi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ekhethekileyo kuba basenokungafumani ngqwalasela ingako kunye noncedo abaludingayo. Namhlanje, izifundo ezinde zilandela iziphumo zabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwiiklasi, eziquka ukugqiba izifundo zasekholejini kunye neziphumo zobomi ezisemgangathweni. 

UJames M. Kauffman noJeanmarie Badar babhala inqaku lokuba &quot;imfundo ekhethekileyo iya kuthi ngenye imini ibonwe njengedlule kwixesha lokulibala okuhlazisayo kweemfuno zabafundi. &quot; Ababhali bathi iklasi yemfundo eqhelekileyo ayisiyo indawo efanelekileyo yokunika abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo imfundo ephumelelayo. Le ngxelo ixhaswa kukubonelela ngezimvo ezintandathu eziphosakeleyo abantu abakholelwa kuzo, izizathu zokuba kutheni ingasebenzi nokuchaza ezinye iindlela. Enye into ephosakeleyo abayenzayo kukuba &quot;Bonke abafundi, kuquka abo banokukhubazeka, kufuneka balindele ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu.&quot; Ababhali bathi umntwana ngamnye unemilinganiselo yakhe ephakamileyo yaye le mbono kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nabantwana bonke, enoba baneziphene okanye akunjalo. Bayaqhubeka besithi iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo eziye zikhokelele abafundi abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo zize zibanike ingqalelo engakumbi, ixesha elingakumbi, maxa wambi izabelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zingenelo gqitha. Umahluko kwindlela abafundi abafunda ngayo yinto ekufuneka bayamkele ukuze bakwazi ukufunda kangangoko banako, kuba imfundo yabo nokuqonda inkqubo yezemfundo kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokufakwa eklasini jikelele ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngowama-2020, uGqr. Chelsea P. Tracy-Bronson weYunivesithi yaseStockton wenza isifundo esijonga oko abantu abakwenzayo kwinqanaba lesiphaluka ukunceda ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kuhamba kakuhle. Injongo yolu phando yayikukubonisa iindlela zanamhlanje ezisetyenziswayo ezisebenza ukuze kuveliswe imfundo elinganayo nebandakanya bonke abafundi. Olu phando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yophando esemgangathweni ejonga iimbono namava eenkokeli ezisixhenxe zemfundo ekhethekileyo ezazisebenzisa iinkqubo zokufaka abantu ngendlela ephumelelayo nengenabulungisa. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kunokuphumelela xa iinkokeli zezithili zikhuthaza iindlela zokubandakanya, zibhenela kwimodeli ekade ikho, kwaye zikhuthaza imeko-bume yokuba ootitshala nabafundi bakhule baze baqonde imodeli yokubandakanya. NjengoBarton, olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba sisixhobo esihle ekudaleni imeko yokufunda elinganayo nebandakanya abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo.

UGarry Hornby udibanisa amacala amabini angqubanayo abe yingcamango enye enokunceda wonke umntu. Emva kokuhlalutya izikhokelo zootitshala kunye neenkqubo ezijolise ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufakwa, uHornby wagqiba kwelokuba ukufakwa kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntwana ngamnye.  Iingcamango awayezihlalutya zagxininisa ekubandakanyeni nasekufundiseni abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ngeendlela ezifanayo, nto leyo eyayingasebenzi. Ezi modeli zokufakwa azisebenzi, abafundisi-ntsapho nabaphathi bayakhathazeka, nto leyo eyenza babe nesimo sengqondo esibi ngokufakwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimeko ezithile zazinconyelwa kwaye kucetyiswa isicwangciso somntwana ngamnye oneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, iimodeli zokufakwa ziya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi kuba abantwana abaneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu abayi kuchitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kususa ingqalelo kwindlela yokwenza umsebenzi wokufaka, ibe iya kugxila kwimfundo esebenzayo nasekuncedeni abafundi bafikelele kwiinjongo zabo.

Ngokubanzi, iingcali kwicandelo lemfundo ziye zenza uphando olunzulu ngomxholo wokufakwa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kwaye zifumene idatha eninzi exhasa omabini amacala engxoxo. Njengoko sibona, le ngxoxo malunga nokuba ngaba ukubandakanywa kuyimodeli efanelekileyo yemfundo ekhethekileyo iye yahlala ixesha elide, kwaye akukho nto inokuyithetha ukuba iya kuze iphele.

Abagxeki bokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye baquka ootitshala, abaphathi nabazali. Iindlela zokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo nezingxamisekileyo azilibali ukuba uninzi lwabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo eziphambili zifuna uqeqesho oluthe ngqo okanye iimeko ezilawulwa kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ootitshala beklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi badla ngokufundisa isicwangciso semfundo ngoxa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekileyo ehlaziya imfundo ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokufanayo, umntwana onengxaki enkulu yokungakhathali usenokungakwazi ukugxila eklasini elinabantwana abangamashumi amabini nangaphezulu. Nangona ukwanda kokukhubazeka kwabafundi, esi sisimo ekufuneka bonke ootitshala balwe naso, kwaye asiyimpembelelo ngqo yokudityaniswa njengengcamango. 

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kunokuba yindlela yezikolo zokuthuthuzela abazali kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, usebenzisa eli gama njengegama lokufuna ingqalelo kwinto enyanisweni imizamo engekhoyo yokufundisa abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kwindawo yemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Ubuncinane omnye uphando luye lwahlolisisa ukungabikho kweenkonzo ezizodwa ezinikezelwa kubafundi abane-IEPs xa zibekwe kwindawo ebandakanya kunokuba zisetyenziswe.

Abanye abaphandi baye bathi izithili zezikolo azibaxhasi abantu abaqeqeshwayo kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kubafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela naziphi na iziphumo. Ukongezelela, izithili zesikolo zihlala zichaza ifilosofi equka zonke izinto ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko, kwaye ziphelise naziphi na iinkonzo ezixabisekileyo zokurhoxa, konke egameni labafundi abangenayo into yokuthetha kulo mbandela.

Abanye abantu bathi ukubandakanya abantu kunomtsalane kwifilosofi kodwa akunakwenzeka. Izifundo azizange ziqinisekise izibonelelo ezicetywayo zokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Ukongeza, inkonzo &quot;yokunyusa&quot; ayivumeli abafundi abaneziphene eziphakathi ukuya ezinzima ukuba bafundiswe ngabanye kwigumbi lezinto, apho uninzi lubonisa inzuzo enkulu ekufundeni nasekuphuhlisweni kwemvakalelo. 

Abazali babafundi abakhubazekileyo banokuba ngocoselelo malunga nokubeka abantwana babo kwinkqubo yokufakwa ngenxa yokoyika ukuba abantwana baya kugculelwa ngabanye abafundi, okanye bangakwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobomi eziqhelekileyo eklasini lezemfundo.

Abanye bathi izikolo ezibandakanya abantu abaninzi azizizo izinto eziza kubiza imali eninzi xa kuthelekiswa nezona zinto zibiza imali encinane okanye ziyasebenza, njengemfundo ekhethekileyo. Bathi imfundo ekhethekileyo inceda abafundi ukuba &quot;baphinde bafumane&quot; izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngokubanika imfundo eyenziwe ngabanye neyenziwe ngabanjalo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo ezizodwa. Oku kukunceda abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ukuba baqalise ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwimisebenzi ephambili yesikolo noluntu. Abo baxhasa le mfundiso bathi abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ababandakanyeki ngokupheleleyo kubomi babafundi kuba beye bafumana imfundo ekhethekileyo. Abanye bathi ukuzigcina kude nabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunokubenza bangazixabisi yaye kunokubenza bangakwazi ukuqhubana nabanye abantu. Ukugcina aba bafundi kwiiklasi ezahlukileyo abayi kubona umzabalazo kunye nempumelelo abanokuyenza kunye. Nangona kunjalo, ubuncinane omnye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanya imfundo kunenzuzo yexesha elide kubafundi njengoko kubonisiwe ngamanqaku aphezulu ovavanyo,  apho inzuzo yokudityaniswa ayikaqinisekiswa.

=== Imida yabafundi ===
Abafundisi-ntsapho bathi abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa. isikolo ezininzi zilindele ukuba umfundi ofundiswe ngokupheleleyo asebenze okanye kufuphi nenqanaba leklasi, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingundoqo: Okokuqala, ukuba kufakwe kufunwa ukuba umfundi akwazi ukuya esikolweni. Abafundi ababekwe ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo esikolweni (umzekelo, ngenxa yokugcinwa esibhedlele ixesha elide), okanye abafundiswe ngaphandle kwezikolo (umzekelo ngenxa yokubhalisa kwinkqubo imfundo ekude) abanakulinga ukubandakanywa.

Ukongeza, abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa ngenxa yempembelelo yabo kwabanye abafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneengxaki ezinkulu zokuziphatha, kangangokuba bayingozi enkulu emzimbeni kwabanye, abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa, kuba isikolo sinoxanduva lokubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke abafundi kunye nabasebenzi.

Okokugqibela, abanye abafundi abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa kuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo eklasini yemfundo ngokubanzi iya kubathintela ekufundeni.  Ngokomzekelo, umfundi onengxaki enkulu yokunikela ingqalelo okanye oneengxaki ezinkulu zokucwangcisa izinto ngeemvakalelo usenokuphazanyiswa kakhulu okanye abe buhlungu xa abanye abafundi besebenza kwidesika yakhe. Ukubandakanya kufuneka kuhlolisiswe iimfuno ezizodwa zomntwana.

Abafundi ababandakanyiweyo ngokubanzi ngabo baneziphene zomzimba ezingenanto okanye abanamsebenzi omncinci emsebenzini wabo wezemfundo (isifo seswekile, isifo sephepha, i-allergies yokutya, ukuqhwanyaza), abafundi abaneziphene ezilula zazo zonke iintlobo, kunye nabafundi abanezipheno ezifuna iinkonzo ezizodwa ezimbalwa.

UBowe uthi ukubandakanywa rhoqo, kodwa hayi ukubandakaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yindlela efanelekileyo yenani elikhulu labafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Kwakhona uthi kwabanye abafundi, ngakumbi abo baneengxaki ezinzulu ze-[[I-Autism|autism spectrum]] okanye &quot;ukuhamba emva kwengqondo,&quot; kunye nabantu abaninzi abayizithulu okanye abaneziphene ezininzi, nokuba ukubandakanywa rhoqo kungaboneleli ngemfundo efanelekileyo. Ootitshala babafundi abaneengxaki ze-autism spectrum ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iinkqubo zangaphambili, iimeko eziphuthumayo ezilibazisayo, iindlela zokuzilawula, ukungenelela okuxhaswa ngoontanga, uqeqesho lokuphendula okuphambili kunye neendlela zokufundisa ezisemgangathweni. 

=== Iingxelo zabafundi ezibi ===
Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ithandwa kakhulu kwiiklasi nakwibutho, kusekho abanye abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa abangenakufumana izibonelelo zokuhlala kwiklasi esemgangathweni. Izifundo ezimbini zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba kusekho umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe xa kufikwa ekuziseni ukubandakanyeka kwimpilo. Omnye umphengululi wafunda abafundi abangama-371 abavela kwiibakala ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6 kwizikolo ezi-2 zasemaphandleni nakwizikolo eziphambili zasemaphandle eIreland ezenza imfundo equka bonke abantu. Abafundi babuzwa ngemibuzo malunga nesimo sentlalo yoontanga babo - abanye babo bakwi-spectrum (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)) - ngokunxulumene nemidlalo kunye nemeko yomsebenzi. Oku kwakusenzelwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba aba bafundi bamkelwe okanye baxhatshazwa ngokwasentlalweni kwindawo yemfundo equka bonke. &quot;Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantwana abane-ASD bafumana amanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okwamkelwa kwezentlalo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okulahlwa kwezentlalo&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba nangona kukho iindlela ezikhoyo ezisebenza ngokubandakanya abafundi abaneemeko ezingaqhelekanga, kusekho abanye abalahlwa ngoontanga babo.

Uninzi lwezifundo ezifundiswa ezikolweni eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya bonke abantu zenziwa kuba zikholelwa ukuba umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda, kodwa kunqabile ukuba bacinge ukuba ngaba banako ukuzilungelelanisa kule meko. Olunye uphando lwahlola amava abafundi abane-ASD ezikolweni ezibandakanya abantu. Aba bafundi abali-12 babeminyaka eli-11 ukusa kweyi-17 ubudala, beneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo nezakhono ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana imvakalelo yokwesaba, isizungu kunye nokuzihlutha, ngelixa bekhathazwa, bengaqondwanga kakuhle, kwaye bengaxhaswanga ngoontanga babo nootitshala babo.  Ezi mvakalelo kunye nokugxothwa kwaba nefuthe kwintlalo-ntle yabo kwaye kwabonisa &quot;ukuba imfundo eqhelekileyo ayihlangabezani neemfuno zabo bonke abane-autism ecatshulwa njengenokwenzeka; kukho umsantsa phakathi kweentetho zokufaka kunye neyona nto bayiphilayo eklasini&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba kusekho isidingo sokuphucula iimeko zentlalo kwiimeko zemfundo ezibandakanya bonke, njengoko abaninzi abanemihlobo engaqhelekanga bengenelwa kule meko.

==== Iimpendulo kwiiakhawunti zabafundi ezingekho mthethweni ====
Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa. Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko. Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.

== Bona kwakho ==

* I-Arhente yaseYurophu yeeMfuno eziKhethekileyo kunye neMfundo eBandakanyayo
* Utshintsho lwasemva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo lwabafundi abakhubazekileyo bezikolo eziphakamileyo
* Ucalucalulo kwimfundo
* Ukufundisa ubulungisa kwezentlalo
* Ukusasazwa kwemfundo ngokubanzi
* Inkqubo yoNcedo oluKhethekileyo (imfundo yase-Australia)
* Isangqa sabahlobo (ukukhubazeka)
* I-Accord Coalition yYkubandakanya abantu bonke ngenxa yenkolo (eNgilane naseWales)
* UMthetho weMfundo yabo bonke abantwana abakhubazekileyo
* I-Compass Institute Inc. Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zemfundo kunye nezobugcisa kubantu abancinci abakhubazekileyo
* Ilungelo lokufumana imfundo
* Ukufikelela jikelele kwimfundo
* Ukuhlanganiswa koluntu
* Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abantu eLatin America
* Ingcinga engeyongozi kangako

== Imithombo yophando ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Imithombo ==

* UAinscow M., uBooth T. (2003) Isalathiso sokubandakanywa: Ukuphuhlisa ukufunda kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ezikolweni. IBristol: Iziko lezifundo kwiMfundo eBandakanyayo
* UThomas, G., kunye noLoxley, A. (2007) ''Ukurhoxisa iMfundo eKhethekileyo kunye nokubandakanywa koKwakha'' (uHlelo lwesi-2). IMaidenhead: I-Open University Press.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502082805/http://www.parrotpublishing.com/Inclusion_Chapter_7.htm Inkqubo yamabanga aphantsi yeeklasi ezibandakanya bonke abantu]
* Uphuhliso lweNtlalo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100504184958/http://www.circleofinclusion.org/english/guidelines/modulefour/social/socialskills.html Ukukhuthaza uPhuhliso lweNtlalo kwiKlasi eBandakanya Bonke]
* M. Mastropieri, uThomas E. Scruggs. ''Igumbi Lokufundela Elibandakanya Bonke Abantu: Amaqhinga Okufundisa Okusebenzayo''
* UMary Beth Doyle. ''Isikhokelo se-Paraprofessional kwiKlasi eBandakanya Bonke''
* UConrad M., kunye noWhitaker T. (1997). Ukubandakanywa kunye nomthetho: Indlela yokubonisa intshukumo yenqununu. Indlu yokuCoca
* UJorgensen, C., uSchuh, M., kunye noNisbet, J. (2005). Isikhokelo somququzeleli wokubandakanya. eBaltimore: Inkampani yokuPapasha kaPaul H. Brookes
* UGunckel, uKristin L., kunye noFelicia M. Moore. &quot;Kubandakanywa abafundi kunye nootitshala kuYilo oluDibeneyo lweKharityhulam eSekiweyo.&quot; Eric.ed.gov, 2005, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED498676.pdf .

== Funda ngokugqithisileyo ==

* Baglieri, S., &amp; Shapiro, A. (2012). ''Disability Studies and the Inclusive Classroom''. New York, NY: Routledge.
* Biklen, D.2000. Constructing inclusion: Lessons from critical, disability narratives.International Journal on Inclusive Education, 4(4):337 –353.
* Biklen, D., &amp; Burke, J. (2006). Presuming competence. ''Equity &amp; Excellence in Education'', 39, 166–175.
* Connor, D. (2006). Michael's Story: &quot;I get into so much trouble just by walking&quot;:Narrative knowing and life at the intersections of learning disability, race, and class. ''Equity &amp; Excellence in Education'', 39, 154–165.
* Davis, L. J. (2010). Constructing normalcy. In L. J. Davis (Ed.), ''The Disability Studies Reader''. (3rd ed.) (pp.&amp;nbsp;9–28). New York: Routledge.
* Erevelles, N. (2011). &quot;Coming out Crip&quot; in inclusive education. ''Teachers College Record'', 113 (10). Retrieved from [https://www.tcrecord.org http://www.tcrecord.org] Id Number: 16429
* Graham, L., &amp; Slee, R. (2007). An illusory interiority: Interrogating the discourse/s of inclusion. ''Educational Philosophy and Theory'', 40, 277–293.
* Kasa-Hendrickson, C. (2005) 'There's no way this kid's retarded': Teachers' optimistic constructions of students' ability. ''International Journal of Inclusive Education'', 9 (1), 55–69.
* Kluth, P. 2003. &quot;You're going to love this kid.&quot; Teaching students with autism in the inclusive classroom, Baltimore: Brookes.
* Knobloch, P. &amp; Harootunian, B. (1989). A classroom is where difference is valued. (pp.&amp;nbsp;199–209). In: S. Stainback, W. Stainback, &amp; Forest, M., ''Educating All Students in the Mainstream of Regular Education''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* O'Brien, L. (2006). Being bent over backward: A mother and teacher educator challenges the positioning of her daughter with disabilities. ''Disability Studies Quarterly'', 26 (2).
* Porter, L., &amp; Smith, D. (Eds.) (2011). Exploring inclusive educational practices through professional inquiry. Boston, MA: Sense Publishers.
* Putnam, J. W. (1993). ''Cooperative Learning and Strategies for Inclusion: Celebrating Diversity in the Classroom''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* Stainback, S. &amp; Stainback, W. (1996). ''Inclusion:  Guide for Educators''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* Strully, J. &amp; Strully, C. (1984, September). Shawntell &amp; Tanya: A story of friendship. ''Exceptional Parent'', 35–40.
* Thomas, G. (2012). A review of thinking and research about inclusive education policy, with suggestions for a new kind of inclusive thinking. British Educational Research Journal, 38 (3), 473–490.
* Thompson, B., Wickham, D., Shanks, P., Wegner, J., Ault, M., Reinertson, B. &amp; Guess, D. (nd, @1985). Expanding the circle of inclusion: Integrating young children with severe multiple disabilities into Montessori classrooms. ''Montessori Life''.
* Toste, Jessica R.. &quot;The Illusion of Inclusion: How We Are Failing Students with Learning Disabilities&quot;, Oath Inc. (2015). Website.11(12)2017
* Wa Munyi, C. ( 2012). Past and present perceptions towards disability: A historical perspective. ''Disability Studies Quarterly'', 32.
* Werts, M.G., Wolery, M., Snyder, E. &amp; Caldwell, N. (1996). Teacher perceptions of the supports critical to the success of inclusion programs. ''TASH'', 21(1): 9-21.
* Gunckel, Kristin L., and Felicia M. Moore. &quot;Including Students and Teachers in the Co-Design of the Enacted Curriculum.&quot; Eric.ed.gov, 2005, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED498676.pdf.

* Ukubandakanywa kwi International Perspective, i-webdossier yi-Education Worldwide, ulwazi lokubandakanywa kwamazwe ngamazwe, ulwazi kwilizwekazi ngalinye nakumazwe aliqela
* Ukubandakanyeka kunye nezihloko zobulungisa kwezentlalo - Isikhokelo samaphepha kwi-intanethi kunye necandelo elithile malunga nokubandakanyeka kwimfundo.
* [https://www.unesco.org/en/inclusion-education I-UNESCO: Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo]
* [http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/ieptLibrary/ Ilayibrari Yezemfundo Ebandakanya]
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[[File:Students_in_Ghana_in_a_parade_for_inclusive_education.jpg|thumb| Abafundi eGhana bakwiphulo lokubandakanya amantombazana nabasetyhini kwezemfundo]]
Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo kubhekisa ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi ukuze bafumane amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwimfundo nasekufundeni. Oku kwahlukile kumbono wokulingana kwimfundo okanye wobulungisa kwimfundo. Umbono wokubandakanywa wavela kwimeko yemfundo yabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, kusetyenziswa isicwangciso semfundo esilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye okanye isicwangciso esaziwa ngokuba yi-504 plan. Lo mgaqo usekelwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa banokuzuza ngakumbi ngokufunda kunye nabanye abafundi, kuba amava afanayo anokubanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokunxibelelana nabanye, nto leyo enokuthi ibe negalelo kwimpumelelo yabo ebomini. Ifilososfi esisiseko semodeli yokubandakanywa ayikubeki phambili ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezizodwa okanye kwezikolo ezizodwa, nangona zisavunyelwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekufundiseni abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Iimodeli zemfundo ebandakanyabonke abafundi ziphunyezwa ngabalawuli bezemfundoi ngenjongo yokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwabafundi kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bemfundoi eqhelekileyo kunye nabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Abafundi abanezakhono eziphuhlileyo banokusebenza njengemizekelo koontanga babo, ngelixa abafundi abafuna inkxaso engakumbi benokunceda abanye abafundi ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda novelwano ngabanye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndlela kuyahluka ngokwezikolo. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa imodeli yokubandakanya abafundi abathile abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa eziphakathi ukuya kwezilinganiselweyo. Izikolo ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;; endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kwimodeli yemfundo &quot;yokudibanisa&quot; oksnye &quot;yokubandakanya abafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo&quot; eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Le ndlela ibeka ugxiniso ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, nasekuhlonipheni amalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka ayiphelelanga kubafundi abakhubazekileyo ngakwasemzimbeni okanye engqondweni kuphela, koko ibandakanya lonke uluhlu lokwahluka kwabantu ngokumalunga nobuchule, ulwimi, inkcubeko, isini, ubudala kunye nezinye iindlela abantu abahluka ngazo. URichard Wilkison noKate Pickett babhala bathi, &quot;indlela umfundi aziva ngayo, indlela abanye abambona nabamgweba ngayo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Xa silindele ukuba abanye basibone singaphantsi kwabanye, izakhono zethu zibonakala ngathi ziyancipha.&quot; Ngenxa yoko, iNjongo yesi-4 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kweziseko ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye nemfuneko yeendawo zokufunda ezikhuselekileyo nezibandakanya bonke abafundi.

== Ukudibanisa nokuhambisa ==
Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kuneengcambu okanye imvelaphi eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokwembali. Kusenokuba kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abakhubazeke kakhulu eUnited States, ababenokuthi ngaphambili bangavunyelwa ukuya ezikolweni okanye bade bahlaliswe kumaziko akhethekileyo. Kusenokuba kwakhona kubhekisele kwimodeli yokubandakanya abafundi evela eCanada naseUnited States, umzekelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse eNew York. Le modeli ithandwa kakhulu ngootitshala abaxhasa imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi abakholelwa ukuba ekufundeni ngokuthatha inxaxheba, ekufundeni ngentsebenziswano, nakumagumbi ofundela abandakanya bonke abafundi.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yahlukile kumsebenzi wokuqala woonjingalwazi baseYunivesithi, umzekelo umsebenzi kCarol Berrigan, uNjingalwazi weMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseSyracuse ngeminyaka yo-1970 nakwi-1985, kunye noDouglas Biklen, owayeyiNtloko yeSikolo seMfundo kwade kwangu-2011, malunga &quot;nokudityaniswa kwezemfundo&quot; kunye &quot; nokubandakanywa kwimfundok eqhelekileyo&quot;. Ezi ndlela zazifundiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kuquka nakwi ''seminars'' zamazwe ngazwe eItaly. Ukubandakanya kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakudla ngogxininisa &quot;ekulungeleni&quot; kwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemfundo. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa kwezemfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwakugxininisa ikakhulu kwimiba yokukhubazeka kunye &quot;neemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa&quot;, kuba aba bantwana babengafundeli kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yayibandakanya ootitshala, abafundi, iiqununu, abalawuli, iibodi zezikolo kunye nabazali ababefanele ukutshintsha iindlela zabo nokulungela ukufundisa abafundi ababefuna uhlengahlengiso okanye iindlela ezintsha zekharityhulam nokufundiosa. Umzekelo woku yayizinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (IEP- ''Individual Education Program'') ezazifunwa ngumthetho womanyano. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa ukuze abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa bakwazi ukufunda kwiindawo zemfundo eqhelekileyo.

Ngakwahlukileyo koko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi igxininisa kwilungelo lomntwana lokuthatha inxaxheba nakuxanduva lwesikolo lokwamkela umntwana, nto leyo enxulumene nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States kwityala i-Brown vs Board of Education kunye noMthetho oMtsha weMfundo yaBantu abakhubazekileyo (Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act- IDEIA). Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iyakugatya ukusetyenziswa kwezikolo ezizodwa okanye amagumbi akufundela awodwa, ezisathandwa ngamaziko amakhulu abonelela ngeekonzo ezininzi, ngenjongo yokwahlula abafundi abakhubazekileyo kubafundi abangenaziphene. Kubekwa ugxininiso ekuthatheni inxaxheba nngokupheleyo kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kumbono wangaphambili wokuthata inxaxheba ngokuyinxenye kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo abo entlalo, oluntu nawemfundo. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inika abafundi abakhubazekileyo izakhono abanokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lofundela.

== Imigaqo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ==
Nangona kwakukhe kwanconywa njengendlela yokuphucula impumelelo yezifundo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ngoku pheleleyo ayizinciphisi indleko. Ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa iimfuno zabafundi, yaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo isenokungabi kukuphucula iziphumo zemfundo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithetha nje ukuba iingcali zemfundo eyodwa, ezithi kwamanye amazwe zibe neziqinisekiso zokufundisa bonke abafundi, zisuswe kumagumbi azo okufundela emfundo eyodwa ziye kwikona yegumbi lofundela eliqhelekileyo, okanye zibekwe kwenye indawoi ngokwendlela ecwangciswe ngayo &quot;ngutitshala ophetheyo&quot; kunye &quot;nomlawuli ophetheyo&quot;. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazeleka kakubi kwemfundo yaba fundi abakhubazekileuyo, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo nezixhobo zemfundo, kuquka:

* Iinkxaso neenkonzo ezaneleyo kumfundi.
* Iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye (I''ndividual Education Programs'').
* Uqeqesho nophuhliso lobungcali kubo bonke ootitshala ababandakanyekayo, kuquka ootitshala bemfundo jikelele kunye nootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.
* Ixesha elaneleyo lokuba ootitshala bacwangcise, badibane, benze imisebenzi baze bavavanye abafundi kunye
* Ukuncitshiswa kwenani labafundi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima neemfundo zomfundi.
* Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhona zobungcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokufunda ngentsebenziswano, ukufundisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye nekharityhulam elungiselelweyo.
* Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabazali okanye abagcini babantwana, ootitshala okanye abancedisi bootitshala, iingcali, abaphathi bezikolo namaziko angaphandle.
* Inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ukuze izikolo zikwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabafundi, endaweni yokuba iinkqubo zixhomekeke kubukho bemali.

Enyanisweni, abafundi abanemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente womanyano ngokumthetho. Oku kwaqala ngoMthetho weMfundo yaBntwana abaKhubazekileyo wowe-1974 (''Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1974'') kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhlanje phantsi koMthetho woPhuculwa kweMfundo yaBantu abaKhubazekileyo (I''ndividual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act''). Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba le nkxaso isetyenziswe kweyona ndawo yemfundo idibanisa umfundi nabanye abafundi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

=== Imikhwa eqhelekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ebandakanya bonke ===
Abafundi abakumagumbi okufundela abandakanya bonke abafundi badla ngokubekwa kunye nabafundi abalingana nabo ngobudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunda kwinqanaba lemfundo elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwelo liqhelekileyo kubudala babo. Ukuze kukukhuthazwe imvakalelelo yokuba yinxanyele yoluntu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwixabiso lobuhlobo. Ootithsla badla ngokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa kunye nomfundi olingana naye ngobudala onenazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kukwabela umfundi oneemfuno ezizodwa umhlobo oza kumnceda oza kuhamaba naye ngamaxesha onke, umzekelo kwindawo yokutyela, kwibala lokudlala, ebhasini nakwezinye indawo. Oku kusetyuenziswa ukubonisa abafundi ukuba uluntu lwenziwa ngabantu abahlukeneyo, nokuba akukho ntlobo yabafundi engcono kunabanye abafundi. Kukwaquququzelela ukususa imiqobo enokuthintela ubuhlobo xa umfundi ejongwa &quot;njengongakwaziyo ukuzinceda&quot;.  Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisanamathuba okuba kubekho imvakalelo yokuba abanye abafundi bangaphezulu kunabanye kumabanga aphezulu, kwaye zikhuthaze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi.

Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukwakha uluntu ngapahakathi kwigumbi lokufundela:

* Ukusebenzisa imidlalo eyenzelwe ukwakha uluntu ngaphathi kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukubandakanya abafundi ekusombululeni iingxaki.
* Ukwabelana ngeengoma neencwadi ezifundisa ngokubaluleka koluntu nentsebenziswano.
* Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngomahluko phakathi kwabantu. 
* Ukwabela abafundi imisebenzi yakwigumbi lokufundela ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu.
* Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bakhangele indlela zokuncedana.
* Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zokuma, ukuze abafundi abadla ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili bakwazi ukuma xa abanye abafundi bemile baze bathathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kwimisebenzi
* Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe indima yokuba ngootitshala baze bafundise abanye, umzekelo ukundela umfundi onokukhubazeka okunzima inxalenye yencwadi.
* Ukugxininisa kwizakhono namandla omfundi oneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa.
* Ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe kwigumbi lokufundela.
* Ukunika abafundi ikhefu xa kuyimfuneko.
* Ukwenza indawo apho abantwana banokuzola khona.
* Ukulungiselela idesika zabafundi ngokwamaqela.
* Ukwenza indawo yokufundela ezimeleyo, ekhuselekileyo nenobubele kubo bonke abafundi.
* Ukumisela imigaqo esisiseko yaseklasini nokuyithobela.
* Ukunceda abafundi ukuba bazibekele iinjongo zexesha elifutshane.
* Ukwenza ikharityhulam ebanzi equka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda.
* Ukunxibelelan rhoqo nabazali lunye/ okanye nabagcini babafundi.
* Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye ootitshala bemfundo eyodwa.

'''Indlela zokubandakanya bonke abafundi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufundisa ngokusebenzisana:'''

* Omnye uyafundisa, Omnye uyaxhasa:

Kule modeli, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa ancede ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zomfuni ngamnye kwaye ancede ekulawuleni iklasi xa kuyimfuneko.

* Uyafundisa omnye, uyaqwalasela omnye:

Kule modeli, utitshala onamava amaninzi kumxholo wesifundo nguye oza kufundisa isifundo, aze omnye utitshala ajikeleze kwigumbi lokufundela okanye aqwalasele. Le modeli idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwe-IEP okanye xa kusenziwa uHlolo lokuZiphatha oluSebenzayo (''Functional Behavior Analysis).''

* Ukufundisa ngokwezikhululo (ukufundisa ngokujikelezana):

Kule modeli, igumbi lokufundela lahlulwa libe zizikhululo apho abafundi baya kuhamba khona ngokwamaqela amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kwiqela lakhe, aze utitshala wemfundo eyodwa enze uphononongo lwesifundo okanye afundise inguqulelo yesifundo elungelelaniswe neemfuno zabafundi.

* Ukufundisa ngokuhambelanayo:

Kule modeli, isiqingatha segumbi lokufundela sifundiswa ngutitshala ofundisa umxholo, esinye sona isiqingatha sifundiswa ngutitshala wemfundo eyodwa. Omabini la amaqela afundiswa isifundo esinye, kodwa afundiswa ngokwamaqela amancinci.

* Ukufundisa okuhlukile:

Kule ndlela, utitshala ofundisa umxholo uya kufundisa isifundo kiklasi tonke, ngelixa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekile efundisa iqela elincinci labafundi esinye isifundo esilungelelaniswew neemfuno zabo.

* Ukufundisa kwamaqela (umxholo/inkxaso yabelwana ngayo 50/50):

Bobabini ootitshala babelana ngokulinganayo ekucwangciseni, ekufundiseni nasekuxhaseni abafundi. Le yindlela yemveli yokufundisa ngokusebenzisana, kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengenye yeemodeli zokufundisa ngobambisana esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inkuphumelela xa kuthathwa amanyathelo athile okunceda ootitshala bafumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ngendlela yokuyiphumeza. ULen Barton, uNjingalwazi weMfundo eBandakanya bonke abafundi kwi-Institute of Education kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, wanikela intetho echaza ukuba imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inokuba luncedo xa kuhlatyangezwa neemeko ezithile. Kwintetho yakhe, uBrtona wathi imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisosisumbulolu sodwa kwimingeni yemfundo, kodwa inokuba linyathetlo eliya phambili. Iziphumo zophando lwakhe zichaza iimeko ezininzi ezifunwa nhgootitshala ukuze imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi iphumelele. Umqathango wokuqala kukuba umba wemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ube yinxalenyue ephambili yeenkqubo zoqeqesho lootitshala, ukuze kugxininiswe ukubaluleka kwawo ekwandiseni ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi. UBarton ukwabalula ukubaluleka koqeqesho malunga nokukhubazeka nokulingana, olunikwa ootitshala nabasenzi bezikolo ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ukuze kuphunculwe ukuqonda kwabo ngemigaqo nemisebenzi yemfundo ebandakanyanbonke abafundi.

=== Abantwana abaneemfuno ezibanzi zokuncedwa ===
Kubantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu okanye abaneemfuno ezinzulu, iinkqubo zemfundo zinofuna oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo, umzekelo ukunceiswa ekubekweni komzimba nasekuphunyisweni, okanye ukutyelele ikliniki yomongikazi.  Zisenokufuna noncedo lomntu omnye nomnye ngqo kwigumbi lokufundela, ubuxhakaxhaka balemihla obuncedisayo, kunye nenkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe umfundi ngamnye. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya umfundi ngokuyinxenye kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesifundo sabafundi bemfundo jikelele, umzekelpo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo namakhadi okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ngokubonwayo, okanye ngokumamela iimpendulo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo ukwazisa nokukhuthaza umdla kwizifundo zenzululwazi, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ootitshala abazisebenzisi rhoqo kumagumbi okufundela alandela ikharityhulam engundoqo.

Enye indlela yokuqonda iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo kukuzijonga njengoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifuneka kwiingcali ezithile okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezininzi. Ezi nkonzo zinokususela kwiinkonzo zentetho nolwimi, ukuya kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nokubona nokuva (ukuphazamiseka kwemvakalelo), indlela yokuziphatha, ukufunda, amathambo nentshukumo, i-autism, ukungeva nokungaboni, kunye nokwenzakala kwengqoindo okubangelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu, ngokutsho kukaGqr Paul Wehman weYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth. Njengoko uGqr Wehman echazile, ulindelo lunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka nemfundo emva kwesikoo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqeshwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlala nosapho okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngenkxaso phakathi koluntu.

Ngo-2005, iinkonzo zenkxaso yezempilo ezibanzi zachazwa kwi-''Ntional Goals for Interllectual and Development Disabilities'' njengeenkonzo ekufuneka zifumaneke kuye wonke umntu, zifikeleleke ngokweendleko, kwaye zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kwabantu. Kwachazwa ukuba ezi nkonzo kufuneka zixhase izigqibo ezimalunga nokukhathalela ngokukhululekileyo, zihambelane neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zikhuthaze ukukhuselwa nokuphuculwa kwempilo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babaphathe abantu ngentlonipho. Ukungeza, iimfuno ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, indlela yokziphatha, unxibelelwano kunye neemeko zobunzima okanye zonxunguphalo zinokufuna ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokujongana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo - ingcamango yokuba bonke abantwana, kuquka abo bakhubazeke kakhulu, banako yaye kufuneka bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo, nayo ieye yamkelwe kwinkqubo ezininzi zemfundok, ingalkumbi kwiphondo laseNew Brunswick.

=== Izikolo ezibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo jikelele okanye ekhethekileyo ===
[[File:Harmony_Day_(5475651018).jpg|thumb| Usuku lweHarmony (5475651018)]]
Izikole ezibandakanya bonke abafundi ngokupheleleyo, ezinqabileyo, azisahluli phakathi kweenkqubo &quot;zemfundo jikelele&quot; kunye &quot;nemfundo eyodwa&quot;. Oku kuxulumene neengxoxo kunye namanyathelo karhulumente womanyano ngeminyaka yo0-1980, afana neProjekthi yokuDityaniswa koLuntu (''Community Intergration Project'') kunye neengxoxo malunga nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye namagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa nawemfundo jikelele. Endaweni yoko, isikolo sihlengahlengiswa ukuze bonke abafundi bafunde kunye. Zonke iindlela zemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi zifuna utshintsho kulawulo nakwindlela yokuphathwa kwezikolo, ukuze kusekwe kwindlela zemveli zemfundo zabanga aphantsi, naphezulu.

Ngo-2015, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi yayiseyinxalenye ysamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwezikolo, umzekelo kumsebenzi kaPowell noLyle (1997), nowayejolise ekubekweni kwabafundi kweyona ndawo idibanisa abafundi abahlukeneyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunxulumene ngoimgaqo wendawo encinci ethintelayo (''Least Restrictive Enviroment'' - LRE). Yyikwayinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlaziyo lwemfundo eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ijolise eekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo kwinkalo yokukhubazeka, ibe ngumxholo oqhelekileyo kwiinguqu zemfundo amashumi eminyaka. Ikwaxhaswa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo aBantu abaKhubazekiley (''UN convetion in the rights of Persons with Disabilities'') yowe - 2006. Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi bonke iye yaphandwa yaza yafundwa amashumi eminyaka, nangona uphando ngalo mba belungasoloko luboniswa ngokubanzi kuluntu. Izifundo zakuqala zazijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumaqela abafundi anobuchule obahlukeneyo okanye abafanayo (Stainback &amp; Stainback, 1989), nakwindima &quot;yabahlobo ababalulekileyo&quot; kunye nabaququqzeleli bemfundo ebandakanya bonke anafundi (umzekelo, jorgensen &amp; Tashie, 2000). Olunye uphando lwalujolise kutshintsho ukusuka kumagumbi okufundela azimeleyo ukuya kwimfundo jikelekele, olwafikela kuma-90% kwezinye iimeko (Fried &amp; Jorgensen, 1998). Ezi zezinye kuphela kwezifundo ezininzi ezenziwe ngabaphandi abafumene izidanga zobugqirha kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo eUnited States.

== Ukwahlulahlula abafundi kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo ==
Ukuhlulwa kwabafundi ngokweendidi zokukhubazeka yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezisebenzisa uvavavnyo lokuxilonga, uvavanyo lwezemfundo nolwengqondo, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zovavavnyo. Nngona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi inxulunyaniswa neendlela zayo zokucwangcisa, kuquka i-MAPS, inkqubo ekhokelwa nguJack peaerpoint, nowaqhubeka nokoyikhokela ngo-2015. Ikwanxulunyaniswa nokucwangcisa okujolise emntwini, okuphuhliswe kwimisebenzi kaJohn O'Brien noConnie Lyle O'Brien, abajonga imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi njengendlela enokuqhuba ukuvuselelwa nokuphuculwa kwezikolo.

Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi ineendidi ezimbini ezingaphantsi: eyokuqala ngamanuye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukubandakanywa ngokuyinxenye, ngoxa enye ibizwa ngokuba kukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yemfund ebandakanya bonke abafundi ayisoloko ithetha ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, koko ngamanye amaxesha iba luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwabafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa banokufundiswa kumagumbi akufundela aqhelekielyo phantse imini yonke, okanye ubuncinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku. Xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi bafumana naluphi na uncedo olongezelekileyo okanyeimfundiso ekhethekileyo kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhekelileyo, yaye baphathwa njengamalungu apheleleyo egumbi lokufundela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkonzo eziokhethekileyo lunikezelwa nbgaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela eliqhilekileyo, ngakumbi xa ezi nkonzo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye zinokuphazamisa abanye abafundi kwihgumbi lokufundela, njengonyano lwentetho. Kwezi meko, abafundi bayakhutshwa ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo ukuze baye kwiiseshini zokufundiswa kumaqela amancinci nanzulu ngakumbi kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuze bafumane ezinye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya unyango lwentetho nolwimi, unyango lomsebenzi (''occupational therapy''), unyango lomzimba (''physical therapy''), iinkonzo zengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Le ndlela inokufana kakhulu neendlela ezininzi zokubandakanywa kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (''mainstreaming''), yaye umahluko phakathi kwayo unokubonakala ikakhulu kwiingcamango nemigaqo yemfundo esekelwe kuyo.

Kwisimo sokubandakanywa ngokuphelelyo, abafundi abeneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa bafundiswa rhoqoq bekunye nabafundi abangenazo ezo mfuno, njengendlela yokuqala nekhethwayo, ngelixa befumana iinkxaso neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Abanye ootitshala bathi le ndlela inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kiwindlela egqoithisileyo yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, bonke abafundi bayadityaniswa, kuquka nabo bafuna iinkxaso neenkonzo zemfundo nezokuziphatha ezibanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikwabandakanya ukupheliswa kweeklasi zemfundo eyodwa ezahlula abafundi kwabanye abafundi. Kule ndlela, imfundo eeyodwa ijongwa njengenkonzo, hayi njengendawo eyahlukileyo. Iinkonzo zemfundo eyodwa ke ngoko zidityaniswa kwiindlela zemihlka ngemoihla zesikolo, kubume begumbi likufundela, kwimeko yokufunda, kwikharityhulam nakwiindlela zokufundisa, kwaye iinkonzo zisiwe kumfundi endaweni yokuba umfundi asuswe kwiklasin yakhe ukuze kuhlangatyezwe mneemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjanlo, le ndlela yokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo isenempikiswano, kwaye ukuza kutjhi ga ngoku ayikaqondwa okanye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arhente zemfundo zasekuhaleni zinoxanduva lokucwangisa nokubonelelela ngenokonzo zabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Zinokubonelela ngendawo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo, ukusukela kumagumbi okufundela emfundo eyodwa, ukuya ekubandakanyweni kwabafundi kwimfundo eqhelekileyo, nasekufundiseni okubandakanya bonke abafundi. Ootitshala nabalawuli badla ngokubabela abafundi kwezi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ebonakala ngathi inokwanceda umfundi ukuba afezekise iinjongo zakhe zemfundo ngamnye. Abafundi abakhubazeke kancinci okanye ngokuphakathi, kwakunye nabo baneemeko ezingachapahzeli impumelelo yabo yezifundo, njengokusebenzisa isitilo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane, isikuta sokuhamba okanye esinye isixhobo sokuncedisa ekuhambeni, ngabona badla ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abane-polio okanye abonzakeleyo emilenzeni, umzekelo, baye bakhule baba zinkokheli nootitshala kurhulumente nakwiiyunivesithi. Abazithethelayo amalunhelo abantu abakhubazekileyo nabo bahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nakwezinye iindawo zahlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka, kuzo zonke iindidi zokukhubazeka, nabo baye babandakanywe ngempumelelo kwiikla zemfundo jikelele. Bafundo, basebenze kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zabo zemfundo kwiindawo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo nakwimisebezni yesikolo. Oku kuxhaswa ngumsebenzi kaMicheal Wehmeyer weYunivesithi yaseKansas, kuquka incwadi yakhe eyapapashwa ngo-2012.

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo abangabandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo badla ngokufundiswa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo (mianstreaming) okanye bafundiswe kwiindawo zemfundo ezahluliweyo.

Umfundi obandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo uya kwamanye amagumbi okufundela ofunda jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sosuku, yaye amaxesha amaninzi kulo magumbi okufundela kugxininswa kakhulu kwizifundo okanye ezijolise, ekulungiseni abafundi umsebezni. Umzekelo umfundi omncinci oneengxaki ezinzulu ekusebenziseni kwengqondo unokubandakanywa kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kwiiklasi zemfundo yomzimba, zobugcisa nakwixesha lokufunda amabali, kodwa iiklasi zokufunda nokubalula angazichitha nabanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezifanayo, oko kukuthi, abafunu inqanaba elifanayo lemfundiso yezifundo. Bsenkufumana ithuba lokusebenzisa igumbi lenkxaso yezemfuno ukuze bafumane uncedo olongezelekielyo okanye ukuphucula ulwazi lomxholo wesifundo, okanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso nakwiingcebiso ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zezamaqela okanye zezomnbtu ngamnye.

Umfundi ufondiswa kwindawo eyahluliweyo akayi nakwezinye iiklasi kunye nabafundi abangenaziphene. Ukukhubazeka kwakhe kudla ngokuba yintlobo ethile eqinisekwiswe ngovavabyo ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo okanye ngexesha lokungena kwakhe esikolweni. Umfundi unokufunda kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kuquka izikolo zokuhlala, ezibhalisa kuphela abafundi abakhubazekileyo, okanye abekwe kwigumboi lokufundela elikhethekileyo nelizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesikolo esikwamkela nabafundi bemfundo jikelele. Le ndlela yokudityaniswa, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa kwiSikolo iJowonio eSyracuse ngeminyaka yoo-1970, isoloko ixatyiswa xa idityaniswa neendlela zokufundisda ezifana nezo zemfundo iMontessosri. Imfundo yasekhaya nayo yayiyeno ndlela isetyenziswa akhulu ngabazali abafunde kahulu abanabantwana abakhubazeke kahkhuliu.

Izikolo zokuhlala ziye zagxekwa amashumi eminyaka, yaye urhulumente juye wacelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba agcine inkxaso-mali neenkonzo kjwiindawo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kuquka neenkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezinceda abazali abanokuthi ngelo xesha bakhulise abantwana bebodwa, ngakumbi xa abantwana beneemfuno ezinzima. Abantwana abemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa basenokuba sele bethatha inxaxheba kwimfundo yabanytwana abasaqalayo, enokuthi ibandakanye iinkonzo zenkxaso kwiintsapho ezigxininisa kumandla omntwana nakwintsapho.

Abanye abafundi banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela ngenxa yemeko yezempilo, umzekelo, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko babe nelungelu lokufumana iinkonzo zokufundiswa ezibonelelwe sisthili sesikolo. Ezi iindlela ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka imfundo yasekhaya kwaye, ngakumbi kumazwe  asaphuhlayo, ukungabandakwanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

=== Ikharityhula eqwalasela imiba yesini ===
Ingcamango yekharityhulam eqwalasela imiba yesini iyayamkela imeko ekhoyo ngoku yoluntu oluqonda isini ngokweendidi ezimbini, yaye izama ukuphelisa iziphumo zokufunda ezakhelwe ziimbono zoluntu ezithi amantombazana namakhwenkwe banobuchule kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba, nangona amantombazana enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zezibalo nenzululwazi, lohgama amakhwenkwe enokuba nobunzima ngakumbi kwizifundo zolwimi, oku ngokuyinxenye kunxulumene nendlela uluntu olwakha ngayo izimvo nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesini. Enye yeemndlela ezibalulekileyo zokudala igumbi lokufundela elinobulungisa ngokwesini kusebenzisa ukwahlula-hlula imfundiso, okuthetha ukuba ootitshala bacwangcisa baze baqhube ukufundisa kwabo beqwalasela isini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabafundi. Ootitshala banokudibanisa abafundi ngamaqela ngendlela ecwangcisayo ngokuseke;we kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleyo amandla omundi ngamnye kunye negalelo lakhe. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba ootitshala bayahluka kwindlela abaphatha ngayo amantambazana namakhwenkwe kwigumbi lokufundela. Iindlela zokufundisa eziqwalasela imiba yesibini zifuna ukuba bonke abafundi banikwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo nangendlela efabelekileyo. Indlela ootitshala abawukhetha ngayo nowunikezela ngayo umxholo wesifundo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukugcina ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe, ootitshala basenokusebenzisa imizekelo ebhekisa kwiindima ezithathwa ngokwesintu njenge ndima zamadoda, nto leyo enokuqhubekisela phambili umkhethe wesini kumxholo ofundiswayo.

Ukongeza kwikharityhulam eqaphela ukuba isini sinefuthe kubo bonke abafundi nakwindlela abafunda ngayo, ezinye iikharityhulam eziqwalasela imiba yessini zijongana ngqo nemiba nezihloko ezinxulumene nentlukwano ngokwesini. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza ikharityhulam zibandakanya ukudibanisa imiba yesini kwiingxaki ezisetyenziswa ekufundiseni, kwizihloko zokubhala, kwizicatshulwa zokufunda, kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kwiiprojekthi zophando nakwiintetho zeendendwe. Ezi ndlela zinokudala amathuba okuba abfundi bachaze ukuqonda kwabo neenkolelo zabo malunga nesini.

=== Inkqubo yokufunda equka i-LGBTQ ===
Ikharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ yikharityhula equka imiboniso eyakhayo yabantu be-LGBTQ, imbali yabo, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nabo. Ikharityhulam ye-LGBTQ ikwazama ukudibanisa ngxelo ngaphandle kokubonisa amava abantu be-LGBTQ njengento eyahlukileyo nezahlukileyo kwingxelo zoluntu ngokuninzi, okanye ngaphandle kokuwahlula kumanuye amacandelo eyantlukwano, afana nobuzwe, ubuhlanga nezinye indlela zentlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabntu be-LGBTQ

Injnongo yekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBTQ bamelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxelo nakumxholo wekharityhulam, not leyo enokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi esikolweni kwaye bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene ne-LGBTQ. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-GLSEN lwaphonononga ifuthe leendlela zemfundo ezibandakanhya i-LGBTQ kwindlela abafundi be-LGBTQ ababona ngayo ukhuseleko lwabo. Uphonongo lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi be-LGBT kwiindawo zesikolo ezibandakanya i-LGBTQ babenamathuba ambalwa kakhulu okuziva bengakhuselekanga ngenxa yesazisi sabo, yaye babenamathuba amaninzi okucinga ukuba abanye abafundi bayabamkela kwaye bayaxhasa.

Ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam ebandakanya i-LGBTQ kubandakanya izigqibo malunga nekharityhulam kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okufundisa avela ngokwendalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Olunye uphonongo olwenziwa nguSnapp nabanye lwabonisa ukuba ootitshala babedla ngokusilela ukungenelela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokuba be-LGBTQ. 

Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengcali zononophelo lwempilo ngendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso engonco kwizigulana ze-LGBTQ lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zononphelo lwempilo ezijoliswe kubantu be-LGBTQ. Uqeqesho olujolise ekufundiseni indlela yokubonisa uvelwano nokukhathalela ingqalelo iimfuno zezigulane ze-LGBTQ luyinxalenye yengxoxo ebanzi malunga nonophelo lwempili oluphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

=== Ukubandakanywa kwezentlalo nenkcubeko ===
Ngokendlella elisetyenziswa ngayo eli gama yi-UNESCO, ukubandakanywa kubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kokubandakanywa kwabafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Kugxininiswa ekubandakanyweni kwamaqelaa ahlala engabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, afana namaqela amancinci ngokwenkolo, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe okanye ulwimi, abafuduki, amantombazana, abantu abangathathi ntweni, abafundi abakhubazekileyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, abantu abahlala kwindawo ezikude, kunye namanye amaqela. Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu abasloko bebandakanywa ngokusenzayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo nokufunda. EUnited States, le nkcazelo ibanzi ngokuba yimfundo ephendula kwiinkcubeko. Yhlukile kwindlela zokujonganga nokwahluka ngokwencubeko nobuchule bokusebenza kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, yaye ikhuthazwa phakathi kwamaziko alishumi oncedo kwimicimbi yokulingana eSebe leMfundo laseUnited States. Umzekelo, kwiNgingqi IX (AZ, CA, NV), le ndlela ikhuithazwa yi-Equity Alliance e-ASU. Gloria Ladson-Billings uchaza ukuba ootitshala abasebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa eziphendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukwakha amava okufunda besebenzisa iimeko zenkcubeko yomntwana, ezifana nobomi basekhaya, amava oluntu ahlala kulo, imvelaphi yolwimi kunye neenkqubo zeenkolelo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi indlela yokufundisa ephendula kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ilunceda kubo bonke abafundi ukuba incede ekwakhenoi uluntu olukhathalelanayo apho amava nobuchule bokntu ngamnye buxatyiswa.

Abaxhasi bake ndlela bafuna ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bonke abafundi kwizikolo zoluntu abazikhethayo, nokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe imigaqo-nkqubo, iikharityhulam, iinkcubeko neendlela zokusebenza ezikolweni nakwindawo zokufunda, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo nokuba zivela phi okanye luhlobo luni. bathi bonke abafundi banako ukufunda baze baxhamle kwimfundo, yaye izikolo kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno zomzimba, zentlalo nezenkcubeko zabafundi, endaweni yokuba abafundi  banyanzeleke ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zesikolo. Abaxhasi balee ndlela bakholelwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabafundi ngabanuye ungumthombo wobutyebi neyantlukwano, yaye kufuneka uxhaswwe ngeendlela ezininzi neziguquguqukayo zokuphendula kwezemfundo. Umceli-mngeni wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlengahlengiswe izikolo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ufuna ukuqondwa kwenkqubo yemfundo njengenkqubo entsokothileyo edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ingcamango yokuba iyantlukwano ingumthombo wamandla isetyenziswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo, kuquka abazali, ootitshala, amalungu oluntu nabasebenzi.

Nangona ukubandakanywa kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi neyesekondari, kukwasebenza nakwimfundo yasemva kwisekondari. Ngoke -UNESCO, ukubandakanywa &quot;kuya kusanda ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengohlaziyo oluxhasa nolwamkelo nokwahluka phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi.

== Umthetho wezemfundo kunye nemithetho yokukhubazeka ==
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ebonelela ngesiseko sotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimithetho ibandakanya:

* INgqungquthela yeZIzwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yowe-1989, emisele amalungelo abantwana, kuquka ilungelo lokuba imiqweno nezimvo zabo zimelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo.
* INgqungquthela ye-UNESCO, echasene noCalucalulo kwezeMfundo iyakwalela naluphi na uhlobo localucalulo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukwahlulwa kwezemfundo.
* Ingxelo yaseSalamanca ye-UNESCO yowe-1994, ebiza bonke oorhulumente ukuba banike eyona nto iphambili kwimfundo ebandakanya bbonke abafundi.
* Ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo aBantu abaKhubazekileyo hyowe-2006, ebiza onke amaLungu aMazwe ukuba aqinisekiseukuba kukho inkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo.

=== Ukusuka kweyona ingenamda ukuya kweyona idibeneyo ===
Kwizikolo zaseUnited States, imfuneko federal yokuba abafundi bafundiswe kwindawo encinci yokufaka izithintelo zembali, ekhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabafundi ababekhe bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yinkqubo yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okubucayi komgaqo we-LRE, oqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhokela izikolo zase-US, kubonisa ukuba uhlala ubeka izithintelo kunye nokwahlulahlula kubantu abaneziphene ezinzulu.  Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli babo babephila ubomi obufanelekileyo kumakhaya nakwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo yase-US ngoku igqibe kwisigqibo sika-Olmstead (1999) ukuba umgaqo omtsha &quot;ngowokulungiswa okuhlanganisiweyo&quot;, njengoko kuchaziwe yiNational Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, ekufuneka kuphumele ekufezekiseni ngcono iinjongo zokudibanisa kunye nokufakwa kwelizwe kwi-21th century.

== Amanani okubandakanya abantu ehlabathini ==
Inani labafundi abakhubazekileyo ababandakanyiweyo liyahluka ngokweendawo nangohlobo lokukhubazeka, kodwa liqhelekile kubafundi abakhubazekileyo kancinci kwaye aliqhelekanga kwiintlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka okunzima. EDenmark, ama-99% abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda ezifana ne- 'dyslexia ' bafakwa kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. EMelika, abafundi abathathu kwabahlanu abaneengxaki zokufunda bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela lemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Izibalo zangasemva kwesikolo (emva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) zigcinwa ziiyunivesithi noorhulumente malunga namanani empumelelo yabafundi abangena ekholejini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufanelekile iinkonzo zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabacebisi) okanye iinkqubo kwiikhampasi zeekholejini, ezinje ngemfundo exhaswayo kwizikhubazo zengqondo okanye iKholeji yokuPhila. Ezi zimbini ziinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zeekholeji kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaziya iikholeji kunye nezobugcisa (umzekelo, ukuhlawulwa kweencwadi zesikolo, abafundi okanye abaguquleli), kwaye izifundo zokugqibela ziphuhliswe ngokufana nezikolo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi (umzekelo , ibhanki yomhlalaphantsi).

== Intsebenziswano ==
Iinkqubo zokufaka abantwana abakhubazekileyo nezingekhoyo zivumela abantwana ukuba badlale baze badlale yonke imihla, kwanaxa befumana iinkonzo zonyango. Xa umntwana enengxaki yokuhamba kakuhle, kusenokuthintelwa amandla akhe okuzibandakanya ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeklasi, njengokusika, ukupeyinta nokuthunga ibhatyi. Nangona oogqirha bezempilo basoloko bebizwa ukuba bahlole baze baphucule amacebo ngaphandle kwesikolo, ngokufuthi kushiywa kootitshala beklasi ukuba baphucule iindlela esikolweni. Ukusebenzisana nabaqeqeshi bezonyango kuya kunceda ootitshala eklasini basebenzise amacebo okufaka isandla kwaye banike ulwazi ngakumbi ngabafundisi ngeemfuno zabafundi ngaphakathi kwezikolo kwaye banikezele ngokuzimela kootitshala ekusebenziseni amacebo ezonyango lwezemisebenzi.

Ngenxa yokugunyaziswa kwakhona koMthetho weMfundo yabantu abakhubazekileyo (i-IDEA) ngo-1997, kugxininiswe kakhulu ekunikezelweni kweenkonzo ezinxulumene noko kwiimeko zemfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu. [Nolan, 2004] Ukubaluleka kweendlela eziqukayo nezidibeneyo zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kuye kwaphandwa ngokubanzi okubonisa iingenelo ezilungileyo. [Case-Smith&amp;Holland, 2009] Kwiimodeli zemveli zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo &quot;zokukhupha&quot; abantwana badla ngokusebenza kwiindawo ezizimeleyo omnye nomnye nogqirha wengqondo, uCase-Smith kunye noHolland (2009) bathi abantwana abasebenza kwizakhono kanye okanye kabini ngeveki &quot;abanakukwazi ukuvelisa ukufunda okukhokelela ekuziphatheni okutsha kunye nobuchule obongezelelekileyo.&quot; [Case Smith &amp; Holland, 2009, pg.419]. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lomsebenzi luye lwatshintsha ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango &quot;lokukhupha&quot; ukuya kwindlela edibeneyo apho unyango lwenzeka esikolweni okanye kwigumbi lokufundela.

Abaphathi bokufakwa baye bacela ukuba bajonge abasebenzi babo ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo kubantwana abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo, unxibelelwano lokuvuselelwa komsebenzi wokuqeshwa, unxibelelaniso lwentlalo kubantu abakhethekileyo (umzekelo, &quot;imfama eyimfama&quot;, &quot;i-autism&quot;), kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko amakhulu asekuhlaleni kwiinkqubo zangemva kwesikolo kunye nokutshintsha ukuya ebudaleni. Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisana nabazali, kubandakanywa nentsebenziswano yabazali-abaqeqeshiweyo kwiindawo zokwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko neelwimi (umz., uMaya Kaylanpur noBeth Harry, owenza i-Ph.D. yezemfundo ekhethekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseSirakuse).

=== Ubudlelwane nemfundo eqhubekayo ===
Abanye abaxhasi bokufakwa kwabantu kwimfundo bakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi imfundo eqhubekayo. Kwimfundo eqhubekayo okanye eklasini ekwakhiwa kuyo abantu bonke, wonke umntu ufumana &quot;iseti yezenzo ezininzi&quot;, yaye umfundi ngamnye wenza oko akwaziyo ukukwenza, okanye oko afuna ukukwenza aze afunde nantoni na evela kuloo mava. Iindlela zemfundo ezibandakanya rhoqo zixhomekeke ekufundeni okusebenzayo, kwiindlela zokuvavanya ezichanekileyo, kwiikharityhulam ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwiindlela zemfundo ezinamanqanaba amaninzi, kunye nokunyuka kokunyamekela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabafundi kunye nokuzimela. Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi kudla ngokuqala ngesikhuthazo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuzibandakanya ngelixa bekwiklasi. 

=== Ubudlelwane Necebo Lokufunda Eliqhelekileyo ===
Umzekelo wokufundisa onxulumene nemfundo equka bonke abantu kunye nokucinga okuqhubekayo yi-Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Le ndlela yokufundisa ixhasa ukususwa kwezithintelo kwimeko-bume yomzimba neyentlalo apho abafundi babo bonke ubuchule bakhona, kuba esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba abafundi bangakwazi ukubandakanyeka kwimiba eboniswa eklasini. Ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka baqonde kungekuphela nje iimfuno zabafundi babo, kodwa nakukwazi kwabo, umdla wabo, imvelaphi yabo, ubunikazi babo, ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambili, kunye neenjongo zabo. Ngokuqonda abafundi babo, ootitshala banokuqhubela phambili nokusebenzisa imfundiso eyahlukileyo ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bafunde ngendlela ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo; kulandele ukulungiswa nokutshintshwa kwenkqubo ukuze wonke umntu afumane inkqubo yokufunda ngokulinganayo nangokwasesidlangalaleni. Olunye uphando luchaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-UDL, ngokucacisa ukuba &quot;imigaqo yokuvavanya iinjongo zokufunda ihlala ihambelana. Enyanisweni, iinjongo zokuphelisa ukufunda zihlala zifana, kwaye yindlela umfundi afikelela ngayo kuloo ndawo yokufunda eyahluka ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, umfundi ngamnye ucelwe umngeni wokufunda ngokwamandla akhe, kwaye ucelwe ngumngeni ngoqeqesho olunobungqina obuninzi kunye nokuvavanywa&quot;.

Amanye amagumbi okufundela okanye izikolo zikholelwa ukuba ukubandakanya kuthetha ukuba abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa bakwigumbi, ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwisidingo sabo sabasebenzi abancedisayo okanye ukulindela kwikhosi ehlaziyiweyo.  Kunoko, imfundo equka bonke abantu kufuneka ibe kukufundisa umfundi ngamnye nokwenza ukufunda nokufundisa kube ngokulinganayo, kunokulingana. Ngoko, ukuze kusetyenziswe i-UDL ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi eklasini, ootitshala kufuneka bacinge ngokubandakanya abafundi babo  kunye nobuntu babo obuninzi - nokuba oko kubandakanya izinto ezibhalwe ngababhali bomhlanga othile obonakalayo eklasini yabo, okanye ukudala iindawo ezivulekileyo zomfundi kwisitulo sevili. Enoba yintoni na etshintshileyo, bonke abafundi banokungenelwa kuyo ngandlela ithile.

=== Ukudibanisa ===
Olunye uhlobo loyilo olubandakanya abasebenzisi kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo kukuyilwa kunye. Ukusebenzisana nabantu abanamava abo malunga nesihloko esiphathekayo okanye abantu abaza kusebenzisa uyilo lwemveliso (kule meko inkqubo yokufunda okanye iindlela zokufunda ezibandakanya bonke) kuya kuphumela kwimveliso esebenzayo kubasebenzisi. Nangona uninzi lwabafundi lukwazi ukufunda kwimeko yemfundo yangoku, ukuphumeza ukuyilwa kunye kunokudala imeko yokufunda esebenzayo ngakumbi kubafundi. Ukusebenzisa ukuyila kunye kunethuba lokudala amava ancomekayo. Abaqulunqi beeprojekthi zeekharityhulam abanawo amava afanelekileyo okuyila eyona nkqubo yokusebenza kunye neendlela ezizalisekiswayo zokufunda kwiikharityhulamu ezisetyenziswa kumagumbi okufundela angasebenziyo kuwo onke abafundi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuyila kunye nootitshala kwaye xa kunokwenzeka, abafundi banokudala amava aquka ngakumbi xa befunda ukuze kuzuze bonke abafundi kwaye hayi abafundi abakhubazekileyo okanye &quot;iimfuno ezikhethekileyo.&quot;

Abameli bathi nokuba ukungabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo akwamkelekanga ngokokuziphatha. Abaxhasi bakholelwa ukuba ukungabandakanywa kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwezentlalo kwaye ukugcina ukubonakala kwabo kwezentlalo kubaluleke ngaphezu kwempumelelo yabo kwezemfundo. Abaxhasi bathi uluntu alubaniki isidima abantu abakhubazekileyo xa bengabonakali kangako kumagumbi okufundela emfundo ngokubanzi. Abameli bathi nokuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bonzakaliswa ngokwezemfundo ngokubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwabafundi abathile abaneempawu ezikhethekileyo, ukuba ukungabandakanywa kwaba bafundi kusaya kuba yinto engamkelekanga ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njengoko abameli bekholelwa ukuba umonakalo kwimfundo yabafundi abaqhelekileyo uhlala ungabalulekanga kangako kunomonakalo wentlalo obangelwa kukwenza abantu abakhubazekileyo bangabonakali kangako kuluntu. 

Ingxoxo yesibini ephambili kukuba wonke umntu uyazuza ngokufakwa. Abameli bathi baninzi abantwana nabantu abaselula abangenazo (okanye abavakalelwa kukuba abafanelekanga), yaye isikolo esibandakanya bonke abafundi abakhubazekileyo siziva samkelekile kubo bonke. Ukongezelela, ubuncinane omnye umbhali uye wafunda impembelelo yomzimba wafundi ohlukeneyo kubantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye ugqibe kwelokuba abafundi abane 'ngokulibaziseka kwengqondo' [] abachitha ixesha phakathi koontanga babo babonisa ukwanda kwezakhono zentlalo kunye nezakhono zemfundo. 

Abameli bokufakwa bathi iziphumo zexesha elide zabafundi abaqhelekileyo ababandakanywe nabafundi abakhubazekileyo basebuncinaneni beminyaka kakhulu banovakalelo oluphezulu kwimiceli mngeni abanye abajamelene nayo, ukuvelana kunye novelwano olunyukayo, kunye nezakhono zobunkokeli eziphuculweyo, ezixhamla wonke uluntu.

Ukudityaniswa kweenkonzo zokufaka kunye nokufaka (ukufaka ngokuthe ngqo) kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunceda abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda kwindawo yokuqonda ukufunda, kwaye kuncedisa ootitshala bezemfundo ezikhethekileyo ababonelela ngeenkonzo. 

Imfundo equka bonke abantwana enokuba luncedo kubo bonke abafundi, kungekhona nje abo baneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunceda abafundi baqonde ukubaluleka kokusebenza kunye, kwaye kukhuthaza imvakalelo yokunyamezelana kunye novelwano phakathi komzimba wabafundi. 

&quot;Ukubandakanywa kwabafundi abafanelekileyo ubudala kwiklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi, ecaleni kwabo baneziphene kunye nabangenaso kunceda amaqela omabini abandakanyekayo. Ngemfundo equka bonke abafundi bafumana ikharityhulam efanayo, baphuhlisa amandla abo, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanayo ngexesha elifanayo. Ke ngoko, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kuba abafundi bafunda ngokwahlukileyo, ngesantya sabo nangesitayile sabo. Ngokwenyani, imfundo equka inika indawo yokunyamekela apho ukufundisa nokufunda kufuneka kwenzeke nangona kukho izinto ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga. Kucacile ukuba abafundi abaneziphenelelo bafumana inzuzo ngakumbi kwindawo equka kuba banokufumana uncedo koontanga babo abaneziphane ezahlukeneyo kwaye bakhuphisana kwinqanaba elifanayo ngenxa yamathuba alinganayo. &quot;Uphando ngomxholo wemfundo equka bonke abantu lunokunceda ekuphuhliseni ulwazi olukhoyo ngeendlela ezininzi. 

=== Iziphumo ezihle kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo ===
Zininzi iziphumo ezihle zokufakwa apho abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunye nabanye abafundi eklasini bexhamla. Uphando lubonise iziphumo ezihle kubantwana abakhubazekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nokufikelela kwinjongo yenkqubo yemfundo eqhelekileyo (IEP), ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zentlalo, ukwanda kokunxibelelana kakuhle noontanga, iziphumo ezininzi zemfundo, kunye nokulungiswa kwesikolo. Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kubantwana abangenazo iziphene zibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo efanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwesimo sentlalo kunye nabalingane abangenazo izikhokelo.  Nangona bekungabikho kukhetha, abantwana abangenasiphako abafunda kumagumbi okufundela aquka bonke nabo baphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano nezobunkokheli ngokukhawuleza.Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ngeziphumo zokufakwa kwabantwana abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela emfundo jikelele. Uphando olwenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwabathile ababandakanyekileyo kunye nabahlukanisiweyo (imfundo ekhethekileyo kuphela) abafundi abangaphambi kwesikolo. Olu phando luye lwafumanisa ukuba abantwana abakwiindawo ezihlanganisiweyo baphucule kuphuhliso lwezakhono zentlalo ngelixa abantwana abahlukanisiweyo benyuka. 
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba luchaphazela ukubandakanywa kwebanga lesi-2 ukuya kwelesi-5. Olu phando lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi abaneengxaki ezithile zokufunda benza iinzuzo ezithile kwizifundo nakwizinto ezichaphazelayo ngesantya esifana neso sabafundi abaphumelelayo. Abafundi abaneengxaki zokufunda nabo babonisa ukuphucuka kokuzihlonipha kwaye kwezinye iimeko baphucula isikhuthazo. 

Uhlolisiso lwesithathu lubonisa indlela inkxaso yoontanga eklasini enokubangela ngayo iziphumo ezintle kubantwana abane-autism. Olu phando lubonise ukuba iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ziquka abantwana abaneminyaka eli-7 ukuya kweli-11. Abo babekunye nabo baqeqeshwa ngendlela yokungenelela ukuze bancede abo bafunda nabo abanezifo zokuqaqadeka bahlale besenza umsebenzi baze baqalise ukucinga. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa oontanga abangabalinganiyo ukuze bangenelele kunotitshala eklasini kuncede abafundi abane-autism banciphise kakhulu ukuziphatha ngaphandle komsebenzi. Kwakhona kwabonisa ukuba abafundi abaqhelekileyo bamkela umfundi onesifo sokuqaqadeka kokubili ngaphambi nasemva kokuba kwaqaliswa iindlela zokungenelela.

Ukungenelela kwangethuba ebomini bomntwana onesifo se-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwakhe ixesha elide nomgangatho wobomi. Isiseko sokudityaniswa kwangoko sikukuchonga nokuxhasa iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye, konke ngelixa kuthintelwa imiceli mngeni yabo ethile. 

== Ukugxekwa ==
Abanye babona ukubandakanywa njengento eyingozi kubafundi abaneemfuno zemfundo ekhethekileyo kuba basenokungafumani ngqwalasela ingako kunye noncedo abaludingayo. Namhlanje, izifundo ezinde zilandela iziphumo zabafundi abakhubazekileyo kwiiklasi, eziquka ukugqiba izifundo zasekholejini kunye neziphumo zobomi ezisemgangathweni. 

UJames M. Kauffman noJeanmarie Badar babhala inqaku lokuba &quot;imfundo ekhethekileyo iya kuthi ngenye imini ibonwe njengedlule kwixesha lokulibala okuhlazisayo kweemfuno zabafundi. &quot; Ababhali bathi iklasi yemfundo eqhelekileyo ayisiyo indawo efanelekileyo yokunika abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo imfundo ephumelelayo. Le ngxelo ixhaswa kukubonelela ngezimvo ezintandathu eziphosakeleyo abantu abakholelwa kuzo, izizathu zokuba kutheni ingasebenzi nokuchaza ezinye iindlela. Enye into ephosakeleyo abayenzayo kukuba &quot;Bonke abafundi, kuquka abo banokukhubazeka, kufuneka balindele ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu.&quot; Ababhali bathi umntwana ngamnye unemilinganiselo yakhe ephakamileyo yaye le mbono kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nabantwana bonke, enoba baneziphene okanye akunjalo. Bayaqhubeka besithi iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo eziye zikhokelele abafundi abakhubazekileyo kumagumbi okufundela ahlukeneyo zize zibanike ingqalelo engakumbi, ixesha elingakumbi, maxa wambi izabelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zingenelo gqitha. Umahluko kwindlela abafundi abafunda ngayo yinto ekufuneka bayamkele ukuze bakwazi ukufunda kangangoko banako, kuba imfundo yabo nokuqonda inkqubo yezemfundo kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokufakwa eklasini jikelele ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngowama-2020, uGqr. Chelsea P. Tracy-Bronson weYunivesithi yaseStockton wenza isifundo esijonga oko abantu abakwenzayo kwinqanaba lesiphaluka ukunceda ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kuhamba kakuhle. Injongo yolu phando yayikukubonisa iindlela zanamhlanje ezisetyenziswayo ezisebenza ukuze kuveliswe imfundo elinganayo nebandakanya bonke abafundi. Olu phando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yophando esemgangathweni ejonga iimbono namava eenkokeli ezisixhenxe zemfundo ekhethekileyo ezazisebenzisa iinkqubo zokufaka abantu ngendlela ephumelelayo nengenabulungisa. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kunokuphumelela xa iinkokeli zezithili zikhuthaza iindlela zokubandakanya, zibhenela kwimodeli ekade ikho, kwaye zikhuthaza imeko-bume yokuba ootitshala nabafundi bakhule baze baqonde imodeli yokubandakanya. NjengoBarton, olu phando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanywa kunokuba sisixhobo esihle ekudaleni imeko yokufunda elinganayo nebandakanya abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo.

UGarry Hornby udibanisa amacala amabini angqubanayo abe yingcamango enye enokunceda wonke umntu. Emva kokuhlalutya izikhokelo zootitshala kunye neenkqubo ezijolise ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufakwa, uHornby wagqiba kwelokuba ukufakwa kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntwana ngamnye.  Iingcamango awayezihlalutya zagxininisa ekubandakanyeni nasekufundiseni abantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ngeendlela ezifanayo, nto leyo eyayingasebenzi. Ezi modeli zokufakwa azisebenzi, abafundisi-ntsapho nabaphathi bayakhathazeka, nto leyo eyenza babe nesimo sengqondo esibi ngokufakwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimeko ezithile zazinconyelwa kwaye kucetyiswa isicwangciso somntwana ngamnye oneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, iimodeli zokufakwa ziya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi kuba abantwana abaneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu abayi kuchitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokufundela ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kususa ingqalelo kwindlela yokwenza umsebenzi wokufaka, ibe iya kugxila kwimfundo esebenzayo nasekuncedeni abafundi bafikelele kwiinjongo zabo.

Ngokubanzi, iingcali kwicandelo lemfundo ziye zenza uphando olunzulu ngomxholo wokufakwa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kwaye zifumene idatha eninzi exhasa omabini amacala engxoxo. Njengoko sibona, le ngxoxo malunga nokuba ngaba ukubandakanywa kuyimodeli efanelekileyo yemfundo ekhethekileyo iye yahlala ixesha elide, kwaye akukho nto inokuyithetha ukuba iya kuze iphele.

Abagxeki bokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye baquka ootitshala, abaphathi nabazali. Iindlela zokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo nezingxamisekileyo azilibali ukuba uninzi lwabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo eziphambili zifuna uqeqesho oluthe ngqo okanye iimeko ezilawulwa kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ootitshala beklasi yemfundo ngokubanzi badla ngokufundisa isicwangciso semfundo ngoxa utitshala wemfundo ekhethekileyo ehlaziya imfundo ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokufanayo, umntwana onengxaki enkulu yokungakhathali usenokungakwazi ukugxila eklasini elinabantwana abangamashumi amabini nangaphezulu. Nangona ukwanda kokukhubazeka kwabafundi, esi sisimo ekufuneka bonke ootitshala balwe naso, kwaye asiyimpembelelo ngqo yokudityaniswa njengengcamango. 

Ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kunokuba yindlela yezikolo zokuthuthuzela abazali kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, usebenzisa eli gama njengegama lokufuna ingqalelo kwinto enyanisweni imizamo engekhoyo yokufundisa abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kwindawo yemfundo ngokubanzi. 

Ubuncinane omnye uphando luye lwahlolisisa ukungabikho kweenkonzo ezizodwa ezinikezelwa kubafundi abane-IEPs xa zibekwe kwindawo ebandakanya kunokuba zisetyenziswe.

Abanye abaphandi baye bathi izithili zezikolo azibaxhasi abantu abaqeqeshwayo kwimfundo eqhelekileyo kubafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela naziphi na iziphumo. Ukongezelela, izithili zesikolo zihlala zichaza ifilosofi equka zonke izinto ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko, kwaye ziphelise naziphi na iinkonzo ezixabisekileyo zokurhoxa, konke egameni labafundi abangenayo into yokuthetha kulo mbandela.

Abanye abantu bathi ukubandakanya abantu kunomtsalane kwifilosofi kodwa akunakwenzeka. Izifundo azizange ziqinisekise izibonelelo ezicetywayo zokufakwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Ukongeza, inkonzo &quot;yokunyusa&quot; ayivumeli abafundi abaneziphene eziphakathi ukuya ezinzima ukuba bafundiswe ngabanye kwigumbi lezinto, apho uninzi lubonisa inzuzo enkulu ekufundeni nasekuphuhlisweni kwemvakalelo. 

Abazali babafundi abakhubazekileyo banokuba ngocoselelo malunga nokubeka abantwana babo kwinkqubo yokufakwa ngenxa yokoyika ukuba abantwana baya kugculelwa ngabanye abafundi, okanye bangakwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobomi eziqhelekileyo eklasini lezemfundo.

Abanye bathi izikolo ezibandakanya abantu abaninzi azizizo izinto eziza kubiza imali eninzi xa kuthelekiswa nezona zinto zibiza imali encinane okanye ziyasebenza, njengemfundo ekhethekileyo. Bathi imfundo ekhethekileyo inceda abafundi ukuba &quot;baphinde bafumane&quot; izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngokubanika imfundo eyenziwe ngabanye neyenziwe ngabanjalo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo ezizodwa. Oku kukunceda abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ukuba baqalise ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwimisebenzi ephambili yesikolo noluntu. Abo baxhasa le mfundiso bathi abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo ababandakanyeki ngokupheleleyo kubomi babafundi kuba beye bafumana imfundo ekhethekileyo. Abanye bathi ukuzigcina kude nabafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunokubenza bangazixabisi yaye kunokubenza bangakwazi ukuqhubana nabanye abantu. Ukugcina aba bafundi kwiiklasi ezahlukileyo abayi kubona umzabalazo kunye nempumelelo abanokuyenza kunye. Nangona kunjalo, ubuncinane omnye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubandakanya imfundo kunenzuzo yexesha elide kubafundi njengoko kubonisiwe ngamanqaku aphezulu ovavanyo,  apho inzuzo yokudityaniswa ayikaqinisekiswa.

=== Imida yabafundi ===
Abafundisi-ntsapho bathi abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa. isikolo ezininzi zilindele ukuba umfundi ofundiswe ngokupheleleyo asebenze okanye kufuphi nenqanaba leklasi, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingundoqo: Okokuqala, ukuba kufakwe kufunwa ukuba umfundi akwazi ukuya esikolweni. Abafundi ababekwe ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo esikolweni (umzekelo, ngenxa yokugcinwa esibhedlele ixesha elide), okanye abafundiswe ngaphandle kwezikolo (umzekelo ngenxa yokubhalisa kwinkqubo imfundo ekude) abanakulinga ukubandakanywa.

Ukongeza, abanye abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa ngenxa yempembelelo yabo kwabanye abafundi. Umzekelo, abafundi abaneengxaki ezinkulu zokuziphatha, kangangokuba bayingozi enkulu emzimbeni kwabanye, abafanelekanga ukubandakanywa, kuba isikolo sinoxanduva lokubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke abafundi kunye nabasebenzi.

Okokugqibela, abanye abafundi abafanelekanga ukuba bangabandakanywa kuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo eklasini yemfundo ngokubanzi iya kubathintela ekufundeni.  Ngokomzekelo, umfundi onengxaki enkulu yokunikela ingqalelo okanye oneengxaki ezinkulu zokucwangcisa izinto ngeemvakalelo usenokuphazanyiswa kakhulu okanye abe buhlungu xa abanye abafundi besebenza kwidesika yakhe. Ukubandakanya kufuneka kuhlolisiswe iimfuno ezizodwa zomntwana.

Abafundi ababandakanyiweyo ngokubanzi ngabo baneziphene zomzimba ezingenanto okanye abanamsebenzi omncinci emsebenzini wabo wezemfundo (isifo seswekile, isifo sephepha, i-allergies yokutya, ukuqhwanyaza), abafundi abaneziphene ezilula zazo zonke iintlobo, kunye nabafundi abanezipheno ezifuna iinkonzo ezizodwa ezimbalwa.

UBowe uthi ukubandakanywa rhoqo, kodwa hayi ukubandakaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yindlela efanelekileyo yenani elikhulu labafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Kwakhona uthi kwabanye abafundi, ngakumbi abo baneengxaki ezinzulu ze-[[I-Autism|autism spectrum]] okanye &quot;ukuhamba emva kwengqondo,&quot; kunye nabantu abaninzi abayizithulu okanye abaneziphene ezininzi, nokuba ukubandakanywa rhoqo kungaboneleli ngemfundo efanelekileyo. Ootitshala babafundi abaneengxaki ze-autism spectrum ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iinkqubo zangaphambili, iimeko eziphuthumayo ezilibazisayo, iindlela zokuzilawula, ukungenelela okuxhaswa ngoontanga, uqeqesho lokuphendula okuphambili kunye neendlela zokufundisa ezisemgangathweni. 

=== Iingxelo zabafundi ezibi ===
Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ithandwa kakhulu kwiiklasi nakwibutho, kusekho abanye abafundi abanezinto ezizodwa abangenakufumana izibonelelo zokuhlala kwiklasi esemgangathweni. Izifundo ezimbini zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba kusekho umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe xa kufikwa ekuziseni ukubandakanyeka kwimpilo. Omnye umphengululi wafunda abafundi abangama-371 abavela kwiibakala ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6 kwizikolo ezi-2 zasemaphandleni nakwizikolo eziphambili zasemaphandle eIreland ezenza imfundo equka bonke abantu. Abafundi babuzwa ngemibuzo malunga nesimo sentlalo yoontanga babo - abanye babo bakwi-spectrum (Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)) - ngokunxulumene nemidlalo kunye nemeko yomsebenzi. Oku kwakusenzelwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba aba bafundi bamkelwe okanye baxhatshazwa ngokwasentlalweni kwindawo yemfundo equka bonke. &quot;Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantwana abane-ASD bafumana amanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okwamkelwa kwezentlalo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okulahlwa kwezentlalo&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba nangona kukho iindlela ezikhoyo ezisebenza ngokubandakanya abafundi abaneemeko ezingaqhelekanga, kusekho abanye abalahlwa ngoontanga babo.

Uninzi lwezifundo ezifundiswa ezikolweni eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya bonke abantu zenziwa kuba zikholelwa ukuba umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda, kodwa kunqabile ukuba bacinge ukuba ngaba banako ukuzilungelelanisa kule meko. Olunye uphando lwahlola amava abafundi abane-ASD ezikolweni ezibandakanya abantu. Aba bafundi abali-12 babeminyaka eli-11 ukusa kweyi-17 ubudala, beneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo nezakhono ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana imvakalelo yokwesaba, isizungu kunye nokuzihlutha, ngelixa bekhathazwa, bengaqondwanga kakuhle, kwaye bengaxhaswanga ngoontanga babo nootitshala babo.  Ezi mvakalelo kunye nokugxothwa kwaba nefuthe kwintlalo-ntle yabo kwaye kwabonisa &quot;ukuba imfundo eqhelekileyo ayihlangabezani neemfuno zabo bonke abane-autism ecatshulwa njengenokwenzeka; kukho umsantsa phakathi kweentetho zokufaka kunye neyona nto bayiphilayo eklasini&quot;. Oku kubonisa ukuba kusekho isidingo sokuphucula iimeko zentlalo kwiimeko zemfundo ezibandakanya bonke, njengoko abaninzi abanemihlobo engaqhelekanga bengenelwa kule meko.

==== Iimpendulo kwiiakhawunti zabafundi ezingekho mthethweni ====
Ezi ngxelo zingalunganga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imfundo equka bonke abantu njengenkqubo kunye nendlela yokufundisa. Nangona imfundo equka bonke abantu ijolise ekubandakanyeni bonke abafundi nokubabonelela ngemfundo elinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banakho na, kusekho okungakumbi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Izifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba inxalenye ephambili yemfundo equka bonke abantu - okanye imfundo ngokubanzi - ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwamkelwa. Ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentlalo, abafundi baya kuziva bephikisana kakhulu noko kufuneka kuveliswe ngeemvakalelo ngokuquka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ootitshala kunye nabaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke nokubuza malunga namanani okubandakanya ezikolweni kwaye bafunde indlela abafundi abavakalelwa ngayo ngale nkqubo. Yintoni injongo yokuqhubeka usenza into eza kunceda wonke umntu xa ngokucacileyo ingasebenzi? Abaphandi nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ekuboniseni ukuba kukho izabelo ezininzi zentsebenziswano kubafundi, njengoko oku kunika ithuba lokuba ubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswe. Ukongezelela, ugxininiso kufuneka lube ngabafundi abanye ekwandiseni uvelwano kunye nokwamkela umahluko. Ngaphandle kokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi, kukho nesidingo sokuba ootitshala benze utshintsho. Abafundi abane-ASD banikezele ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula umgangatho wemfundo yabo kunye neendlela zokudibana ezenzeka eklasini, kunye nokuhlaliswa okwenziwayo okuhambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ziquka ukuba nolindelo olucacileyo, ukubonelela ngamathuba entlalo, iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokufunda nokuchaza ukufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo okanye ukugqithisa kwigumbi lokufundela. Ukwazi oku, abafundi, abafundisi, abaphandi, nangaphaya kufuneka baqwalasele baze baphumelele ingcamango yemfundo equka bonke abafundi njengento eqhubana nabafundi abanezinto ezizodwa ngokuthe tye nangentlonelo, ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, iimfuno, umdla, imvelaphi, ubunikazi, kunye nommandla wophuhliso oluzayo.

== Bona kwakho ==

* I-Arhente yaseYurophu yeeMfuno eziKhethekileyo kunye neMfundo eBandakanyayo
* Utshintsho lwasemva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo lwabafundi abakhubazekileyo bezikolo eziphakamileyo
* Ucalucalulo kwimfundo
* Ukufundisa ubulungisa kwezentlalo
* Ukusasazwa kwemfundo ngokubanzi
* Inkqubo yoNcedo oluKhethekileyo (imfundo yase-Australia)
* Isangqa sabahlobo (ukukhubazeka)
* I-Accord Coalition yYkubandakanya abantu bonke ngenxa yenkolo (eNgilane naseWales)
* UMthetho weMfundo yabo bonke abantwana abakhubazekileyo
* I-Compass Institute Inc. Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zemfundo kunye nezobugcisa kubantu abancinci abakhubazekileyo
* Ilungelo lokufumana imfundo
* Ukufikelela jikelele kwimfundo
* Ukuhlanganiswa koluntu
* Imfundo ebandakanya bonke abantu eLatin America
* Ingcinga engeyongozi kangako

== Imithombo yophando ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Imithombo ==

* UAinscow M., uBooth T. (2003) Isalathiso sokubandakanywa: Ukuphuhlisa ukufunda kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ezikolweni. IBristol: Iziko lezifundo kwiMfundo eBandakanyayo
* UThomas, G., kunye noLoxley, A. (2007) ''Ukurhoxisa iMfundo eKhethekileyo kunye nokubandakanywa koKwakha'' (uHlelo lwesi-2). IMaidenhead: I-Open University Press.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502082805/http://www.parrotpublishing.com/Inclusion_Chapter_7.htm Inkqubo yamabanga aphantsi yeeklasi ezibandakanya bonke abantu]
* Uphuhliso lweNtlalo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100504184958/http://www.circleofinclusion.org/english/guidelines/modulefour/social/socialskills.html Ukukhuthaza uPhuhliso lweNtlalo kwiKlasi eBandakanya Bonke]
* M. Mastropieri, uThomas E. Scruggs. ''Igumbi Lokufundela Elibandakanya Bonke Abantu: Amaqhinga Okufundisa Okusebenzayo''
* UMary Beth Doyle. ''Isikhokelo se-Paraprofessional kwiKlasi eBandakanya Bonke''
* UConrad M., kunye noWhitaker T. (1997). Ukubandakanywa kunye nomthetho: Indlela yokubonisa intshukumo yenqununu. Indlu yokuCoca
* UJorgensen, C., uSchuh, M., kunye noNisbet, J. (2005). Isikhokelo somququzeleli wokubandakanya. eBaltimore: Inkampani yokuPapasha kaPaul H. Brookes
* UGunckel, uKristin L., kunye noFelicia M. Moore. &quot;Kubandakanywa abafundi kunye nootitshala kuYilo oluDibeneyo lweKharityhulam eSekiweyo.&quot; Eric.ed.gov, 2005, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED498676.pdf .

== Funda ngokugqithisileyo ==

* Baglieri, S., &amp; Shapiro, A. (2012). ''Disability Studies and the Inclusive Classroom''. New York, NY: Routledge.
* Biklen, D.2000. Constructing inclusion: Lessons from critical, disability narratives.International Journal on Inclusive Education, 4(4):337 –353.
* Biklen, D., &amp; Burke, J. (2006). Presuming competence. ''Equity &amp; Excellence in Education'', 39, 166–175.
* Connor, D. (2006). Michael's Story: &quot;I get into so much trouble just by walking&quot;:Narrative knowing and life at the intersections of learning disability, race, and class. ''Equity &amp; Excellence in Education'', 39, 154–165.
* Davis, L. J. (2010). Constructing normalcy. In L. J. Davis (Ed.), ''The Disability Studies Reader''. (3rd ed.) (pp.&amp;nbsp;9–28). New York: Routledge.
* Erevelles, N. (2011). &quot;Coming out Crip&quot; in inclusive education. ''Teachers College Record'', 113 (10). Retrieved from [https://www.tcrecord.org http://www.tcrecord.org] Id Number: 16429
* Graham, L., &amp; Slee, R. (2007). An illusory interiority: Interrogating the discourse/s of inclusion. ''Educational Philosophy and Theory'', 40, 277–293.
* Kasa-Hendrickson, C. (2005) 'There's no way this kid's retarded': Teachers' optimistic constructions of students' ability. ''International Journal of Inclusive Education'', 9 (1), 55–69.
* Kluth, P. 2003. &quot;You're going to love this kid.&quot; Teaching students with autism in the inclusive classroom, Baltimore: Brookes.
* Knobloch, P. &amp; Harootunian, B. (1989). A classroom is where difference is valued. (pp.&amp;nbsp;199–209). In: S. Stainback, W. Stainback, &amp; Forest, M., ''Educating All Students in the Mainstream of Regular Education''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* O'Brien, L. (2006). Being bent over backward: A mother and teacher educator challenges the positioning of her daughter with disabilities. ''Disability Studies Quarterly'', 26 (2).
* Porter, L., &amp; Smith, D. (Eds.) (2011). Exploring inclusive educational practices through professional inquiry. Boston, MA: Sense Publishers.
* Putnam, J. W. (1993). ''Cooperative Learning and Strategies for Inclusion: Celebrating Diversity in the Classroom''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* Stainback, S. &amp; Stainback, W. (1996). ''Inclusion:  Guide for Educators''. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
* Strully, J. &amp; Strully, C. (1984, September). Shawntell &amp; Tanya: A story of friendship. ''Exceptional Parent'', 35–40.
* Thomas, G. (2012). A review of thinking and research about inclusive education policy, with suggestions for a new kind of inclusive thinking. British Educational Research Journal, 38 (3), 473–490.
* Thompson, B., Wickham, D., Shanks, P., Wegner, J., Ault, M., Reinertson, B. &amp; Guess, D. (nd, @1985). Expanding the circle of inclusion: Integrating young children with severe multiple disabilities into Montessori classrooms. ''Montessori Life''.
* Toste, Jessica R.. &quot;The Illusion of Inclusion: How We Are Failing Students with Learning Disabilities&quot;, Oath Inc. (2015). Website.11(12)2017
* Wa Munyi, C. ( 2012). Past and present perceptions towards disability: A historical perspective. ''Disability Studies Quarterly'', 32.
* Werts, M.G., Wolery, M., Snyder, E. &amp; Caldwell, N. (1996). Teacher perceptions of the supports critical to the success of inclusion programs. ''TASH'', 21(1): 9-21.
* Gunckel, Kristin L., and Felicia M. Moore. &quot;Including Students and Teachers in the Co-Design of the Enacted Curriculum.&quot; Eric.ed.gov, 2005, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED498676.pdf.

* Ukubandakanywa kwi International Perspective, i-webdossier yi-Education Worldwide, ulwazi lokubandakanywa kwamazwe ngamazwe, ulwazi kwilizwekazi ngalinye nakumazwe aliqela
* Ukubandakanyeka kunye nezihloko zobulungisa kwezentlalo - Isikhokelo samaphepha kwi-intanethi kunye necandelo elithile malunga nokubandakanyeka kwimfundo.
* [https://www.unesco.org/en/inclusion-education I-UNESCO: Ukubandakanywa kwimfundo]
* [http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/ieptLibrary/ Ilayibrari Yezemfundo Ebandakanya]
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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I '''-National Student Financial Aid Scheme''' ( '''NSFAS''' ) yinkqubo yoncedo lwezemali yabafundi [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|baseMzantsi Afrika,]] enika uncedo lwezemali kubafundi abasaqala imfundo yabo enomsila ekuncediseni ekuhlawuleni iindleko zemfundo  emva kokugqiba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NSFAS Application: How To Apply For Funding Online|url=https://helloyouth.co.za/hy/nsfas-application|accessdate=2021-08-03|website=helloyouth.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ixhaswa liSebe lezeMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) - Overview|url=https://nationalgovernment.co.za/units/view/260/national-student-financial-aid-scheme-nsfas|accessdate=2019-11-29|website=nationalgovernment.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le nkqubo ikwalawula iibhasari ezifana neFunza Lushaka Teacher Bursary (yabafundi abafundela isiqinisekiso sokufundisa). Ibhasari yoKhubazeko ye-DHET kunye nezinye iibhasari ezivela kwiCandelo leMfundo noQeqesho (ii-SETA). &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme – R350K Funding – All You Need to Know|url=http://www.dut.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NewFunding-NSFAS-FAQ.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901135917/https://www.dut.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NewFunding-NSFAS-FAQ.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2024|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The National Student Financial Aid Scheme|url=https://shinyloans.com/blog/The+National+Student+Financial+Aid+Scheme|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229223101/https://shinyloans.com/blog/The+National+Student+Financial+Aid+Scheme|archive-date=29 December 2019|accessdate=27 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali ==
I-National Student Financial Aid Scheme yasungulwa ngonyala wama-1996, ithatha indawo ye-Tertiary Education Fund of South Africa (TEFSA) kunyaka wama-1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 August 2014|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme Annual Report 2014|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/reports/105879%20NSFAS%20AR%20CD.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  I-TEFSA yayiyinkampani engenzi nzuzo eyayilawula kwaye ilawula i-NSFAS ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ukuya kuthi ga ngonyaka wama-2000. Kunyaka wama-1999, i-TEFSA yaguqulwa yaba liqumrhu elisemthethweni elibizwa ngokuba yi-NSFAS.  Le nkqubo ixhaswa nge-30 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi( in 2018  )  ngenkxaso-mali evela kwiSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho, kunye neminikelo yasekuhlaleni neyehlabathi. Lebhasari zigubungela imali yokufunda, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nemali yokutya kunye nokuhamba kwabafundi &quot;abasisigxina&quot;, kwaye kuphela imali yokufunda yabafundi &quot;abangesosigxina&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 January 2017|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme – How to apply|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/downloads/NSFAS%20Outreach%20Information.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusukela kumhla wama-20 kunyaka wama-2019 kwinyanga yeNkanga , i-NSFAS ifumene izicelo zoncedo lwemali ezingama-365,922 ngo-2020, xa kuthelekiswa nezicelo ezingama-278,738 eyayizifumene kunyaka ophelileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 November 2019|title=10 DAYS LEFT BEFORE THE CLOSING OF THE NSFAS 2020 APPLICATIONS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/media-releases/website%20MEDIA%20RELEASE%20-%2010%20DAYS%20LEFT%20BEFORE%20THE%20CLOSING%20OF%20THE%20NSFAS%202020%20APPLICATIONS.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=|website=NSFAS Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka wama-2019, umphathiswa weMfundo ePhakamileyo, iSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji uGqr. Blade Nzimande wathi urhulumente ubeke imali ephantse ibe yi-80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwi-NSFAS kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=September 2019|title=STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, DR BLADE NZIMANDE, ON THE OCCASION OF THE NSFAS 2020 APPLICATIONS OFFICIAL OPENING HELD AT THE GCIS TSHEDIMOSETSO HOUSE, PRETORIA|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/media-releases/STATEMENT%20BY%20DR%20BLADE%20NZIMANDE%20ON%20THE%20NSFAS%202020%20APPLICATIONS%20OFFICIAL%20OPENING.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umncedi ngezemali ==

=== Abafanelekileyo ===
Abemi baseMzantsi Afrika ababhalisa okokuqala kwiziko lemfundo enomsila y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              aseMzantsi Afrika abahlangabezana novavanyo lwemali banokufumana lebhasari. &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Uvavanyo lwendlela yokufumana imali lufuna ukuba ingeniso losapho ludibene lomfaki-sicelo ( ingeniso iyonke ) lungadluli kuma-R350,000 ngonyaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Le bhasari ikwabandakanyeka ekubhataleni izifundo ezimbalwa zabafundi abaphumelele isidanga sokuqala (ezifana nesatifikethi se-postgraduate kwezemfundo). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 Things You Need to Know about NSFAS|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/general-publication/student-guide-funding-nsfas?toc_page=4|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525220944/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/general-publication/student-guide-funding-nsfas?toc_page=4|archive-date=25 May 2024|accessdate=21 November 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/postgraduate.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intlawulo yemali mboleko (ngaphambi kowama-2018) ===
Ngaphambi kokuba uMongameli wangaphambili [[uJacob Zuma]] abhengeze imfundo ephakamileyo yasimahla kubafundi abahlwempuzekileyo ngonyaka wama-2017, iibhasari ze-NSFAS &quot;zaziyimali-mboleko&quot; ezazifuna ukuhlawulwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NSFAS Funding South Africa 2019 - 2020|url=http://www.zabursaries.co.za/nsfas-funding/|accessdate=2019-11-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Intlawulo yemali mboleko yayiqala xa umfundi efumene umsebenzi kwaye athi kanti ufumana ama-R80,000 nangaphezulu ngonyaka.  Ukuba umfundi akaphangeli, bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba ahlawule imali yakhe de aqeshwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/repayments.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuba umfundi ushiye iyunivesithi okanye ikholeji, kwimeko apho angakhange agqibe izifundo zakhe, imali mboleko  bekufuneka ayihlawule. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/faqs.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ursulas|date=19 September 2012|title=NSFAS - Salary Deduction Table (R30,000 - R304,000)|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/downloads/Salary%20Deduction%20Table.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusukela kunyaka wama-2019 , zonke &quot;iimali mboleko&quot; ezifunyenwe kwi-NSFAS ngaphambi kowama-2018 kufuneka zihlawulwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/faqs.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=2019-11-29|website=www.nsfas.org.za|quote=NSFAS has not received any commitment by government at this stage to write of any outstanding student debts. The free education pronouncement was clear that it will be effective starting from the 2018 academic year. As far as we are concerned, previous loans will still need to be paid back by those who benefited.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imfundo ephakamileyo exhaswa simahla (emva kowama-2018) ===
Ngonyaka wama-2017 kwinyanga yoMnga kumhla we-16, owasaziwa njengo mongameli welo xesha u-Jacob Zuma wazisa ukuba imfundo enomsila iyakuba simahla kodwa ke lo nto iyakuqalwa kancinci kancinci nguRhulemente ophetheyo. 

Ngonyaka wama-2021 kwinyanga yoKwindla u-NSFAS wazisa ukuba ingxowa yakhe yemali ishokoxekile oko kuthetha ukuba akasakwazi ukubhatalela abafundi bonyaka wokuqala izifundo. Kwalulo nyanga inye, isigqeba sagxekwa ngokuchitha iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwindleko ezingaqhelekanga kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, kuquka i-522 yezigidi zerandi. 

== Inkqubo yezicelo ==
Izicelo zenxaso mali zika-NSFAS zingeniswa kwi intanethi okanye ufake impepha kwi-ofisi.  Kuvame ukuba izicelo zivulwe kwinyanga yoMsintsi ukuya kwinyanga yeNkanga. kunyaka ongaphambili kwalowo umntu ozakufunda unyaka wakhe wokuqala.  Izicelo ezenziwe kwi intanethi zingenziwa kwiwebhusayithi ka-NSFAS. Ukanti zingaphinde zenziwe kwi-ofisi yenxaso mali okanye kwi-student service centre kwiyunivesithi umfundi athe wafaka isicelo kuyo. Kanti ke uyakwazi nokufaka kwiii-ofisi ze-National YouthDevelopment Agency (NYDA). 

== Umthombo woLwazi ==
[[Uluhlu:Imfundo eMzantsi Afrika]]
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I '''-National Student Financial Aid Scheme''' ( '''NSFAS''' ) yinkqubo yoncedo lwezemali yabafundi [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika|baseMzantsi Afrika,]] enika uncedo lwezemali kubafundi abasaqala imfundo yabo enomsila ekuncediseni ekuhlawuleni iindleko zemfundo  emva kokugqiba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NSFAS Application: How To Apply For Funding Online|url=https://helloyouth.co.za/hy/nsfas-application|accessdate=2021-08-03|website=helloyouth.co.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803131131/https://helloyouth.co.za/hy/nsfas-application|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ixhaswa liSebe lezeMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) - Overview|url=https://nationalgovernment.co.za/units/view/260/national-student-financial-aid-scheme-nsfas|accessdate=2019-11-29|website=nationalgovernment.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le nkqubo ikwalawula iibhasari ezifana neFunza Lushaka Teacher Bursary (yabafundi abafundela isiqinisekiso sokufundisa). Ibhasari yoKhubazeko ye-DHET kunye nezinye iibhasari ezivela kwiCandelo leMfundo noQeqesho (ii-SETA). &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme – R350K Funding – All You Need to Know|url=http://www.dut.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NewFunding-NSFAS-FAQ.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901135917/https://www.dut.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NewFunding-NSFAS-FAQ.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2024|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The National Student Financial Aid Scheme|url=https://shinyloans.com/blog/The+National+Student+Financial+Aid+Scheme|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229223101/https://shinyloans.com/blog/The+National+Student+Financial+Aid+Scheme|archive-date=29 December 2019|accessdate=27 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali ==
I-National Student Financial Aid Scheme yasungulwa ngonyala wama-1996, ithatha indawo ye-Tertiary Education Fund of South Africa (TEFSA) kunyaka wama-1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 August 2014|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme Annual Report 2014|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/reports/105879%20NSFAS%20AR%20CD.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  I-TEFSA yayiyinkampani engenzi nzuzo eyayilawula kwaye ilawula i-NSFAS ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ukuya kuthi ga ngonyaka wama-2000. Kunyaka wama-1999, i-TEFSA yaguqulwa yaba liqumrhu elisemthethweni elibizwa ngokuba yi-NSFAS.  Le nkqubo ixhaswa nge-30 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi( in 2018  )  ngenkxaso-mali evela kwiSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho, kunye neminikelo yasekuhlaleni neyehlabathi. Lebhasari zigubungela imali yokufunda, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nemali yokutya kunye nokuhamba kwabafundi &quot;abasisigxina&quot;, kwaye kuphela imali yokufunda yabafundi &quot;abangesosigxina&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 January 2017|title=NSFAS National Student Financial Aid Scheme – How to apply|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/downloads/NSFAS%20Outreach%20Information.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusukela kumhla wama-20 kunyaka wama-2019 kwinyanga yeNkanga , i-NSFAS ifumene izicelo zoncedo lwemali ezingama-365,922 ngo-2020, xa kuthelekiswa nezicelo ezingama-278,738 eyayizifumene kunyaka ophelileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 November 2019|title=10 DAYS LEFT BEFORE THE CLOSING OF THE NSFAS 2020 APPLICATIONS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/media-releases/website%20MEDIA%20RELEASE%20-%2010%20DAYS%20LEFT%20BEFORE%20THE%20CLOSING%20OF%20THE%20NSFAS%202020%20APPLICATIONS.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=|website=NSFAS Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngonyaka wama-2019, umphathiswa weMfundo ePhakamileyo, iSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji uGqr. Blade Nzimande wathi urhulumente ubeke imali ephantse ibe yi-80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwi-NSFAS kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=September 2019|title=STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, DR BLADE NZIMANDE, ON THE OCCASION OF THE NSFAS 2020 APPLICATIONS OFFICIAL OPENING HELD AT THE GCIS TSHEDIMOSETSO HOUSE, PRETORIA|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/media-releases/STATEMENT%20BY%20DR%20BLADE%20NZIMANDE%20ON%20THE%20NSFAS%202020%20APPLICATIONS%20OFFICIAL%20OPENING.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umncedi ngezemali ==

=== Abafanelekileyo ===
Abemi baseMzantsi Afrika ababhalisa okokuqala kwiziko lemfundo enomsila y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              aseMzantsi Afrika abahlangabezana novavanyo lwemali banokufumana lebhasari. &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Uvavanyo lwendlela yokufumana imali lufuna ukuba ingeniso losapho ludibene lomfaki-sicelo ( ingeniso iyonke ) lungadluli kuma-R350,000 ngonyaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Le bhasari ikwabandakanyeka ekubhataleni izifundo ezimbalwa zabafundi abaphumelele isidanga sokuqala (ezifana nesatifikethi se-postgraduate kwezemfundo). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 Things You Need to Know about NSFAS|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/general-publication/student-guide-funding-nsfas?toc_page=4|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525220944/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/general-publication/student-guide-funding-nsfas?toc_page=4|archive-date=25 May 2024|accessdate=21 November 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/postgraduate.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intlawulo yemali mboleko (ngaphambi kowama-2018) ===
Ngaphambi kokuba uMongameli wangaphambili [[uJacob Zuma]] abhengeze imfundo ephakamileyo yasimahla kubafundi abahlwempuzekileyo ngonyaka wama-2017, iibhasari ze-NSFAS &quot;zaziyimali-mboleko&quot; ezazifuna ukuhlawulwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NSFAS Funding South Africa 2019 - 2020|url=http://www.zabursaries.co.za/nsfas-funding/|accessdate=2019-11-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dut&quot; /&gt; Intlawulo yemali mboleko yayiqala xa umfundi efumene umsebenzi kwaye athi kanti ufumana ama-R80,000 nangaphezulu ngonyaka.  Ukuba umfundi akaphangeli, bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba ahlawule imali yakhe de aqeshwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/repayments.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuba umfundi ushiye iyunivesithi okanye ikholeji, kwimeko apho angakhange agqibe izifundo zakhe, imali mboleko  bekufuneka ayihlawule. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NSFAS|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/faqs.html|accessdate=21 November 2018|website=www.nsfas.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nsfas3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ursulas|date=19 September 2012|title=NSFAS - Salary Deduction Table (R30,000 - R304,000)|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/downloads/Salary%20Deduction%20Table.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusukela kunyaka wama-2019 , zonke &quot;iimali mboleko&quot; ezifunyenwe kwi-NSFAS ngaphambi kowama-2018 kufuneka zihlawulwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=NSFAS|url=http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/faqs.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=2019-11-29|website=www.nsfas.org.za|quote=NSFAS has not received any commitment by government at this stage to write of any outstanding student debts. The free education pronouncement was clear that it will be effective starting from the 2018 academic year. As far as we are concerned, previous loans will still need to be paid back by those who benefited.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imfundo ephakamileyo exhaswa simahla (emva kowama-2018) ===
Ngonyaka wama-2017 kwinyanga yoMnga kumhla we-16, owasaziwa njengo mongameli welo xesha u-Jacob Zuma wazisa ukuba imfundo enomsila iyakuba simahla kodwa ke lo nto iyakuqalwa kancinci kancinci nguRhulemente ophetheyo. 

Ngonyaka wama-2021 kwinyanga yoKwindla u-NSFAS wazisa ukuba ingxowa yakhe yemali ishokoxekile oko kuthetha ukuba akasakwazi ukubhatalela abafundi bonyaka wokuqala izifundo. Kwalulo nyanga inye, isigqeba sagxekwa ngokuchitha iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwindleko ezingaqhelekanga kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, kuquka i-522 yezigidi zerandi. 

== Inkqubo yezicelo ==
Izicelo zenxaso mali zika-NSFAS zingeniswa kwi intanethi okanye ufake impepha kwi-ofisi.  Kuvame ukuba izicelo zivulwe kwinyanga yoMsintsi ukuya kwinyanga yeNkanga. kunyaka ongaphambili kwalowo umntu ozakufunda unyaka wakhe wokuqala.  Izicelo ezenziwe kwi intanethi zingenziwa kwiwebhusayithi ka-NSFAS. Ukanti zingaphinde zenziwe kwi-ofisi yenxaso mali okanye kwi-student service centre kwiyunivesithi umfundi athe wafaka isicelo kuyo. Kanti ke uyakwazi nokufaka kwiii-ofisi ze-National YouthDevelopment Agency (NYDA). 

== Umthombo woLwazi ==
[[Uluhlu:Imfundo eMzantsi Afrika]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umqulu wamalungelo</title>
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[[File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg|thumb| Isibhengezo samaLungelo oMntu kunye nowabemi bonyaka ka-1789 luxwebhu olusisiseko lweNguquko yaseFransi nakwimbali yamalungelo oluntu .]]
[[File:Bill_of_Rights_-_DPLA_-_a65f6d0b6210c18d17c596908ebcf270_(page_1).jpg|thumb| Uyilo loMthetho wamaLungelo eMelika, oluvela nango-1789]]
Umqulu wamalungelo ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa umgaqo siseko wamalungelo okanye umthetho wamalungelo, luluhlu lwamalungelo abalulekileyo kubemi belizwe. Injongo yawo kukukhusela la malungelo ekunyashweni ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye nabemi abazimeleyo.</text>
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[[File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg|thumb| Isibhengezo samaLungelo oMntu kunye nowabemi bonyaka ka-1789 luxwebhu olusisiseko lweNguquko yaseFransi nakwimbali yamalungelo oluntu .]]
[[File:Bill_of_Rights_-_DPLA_-_a65f6d0b6210c18d17c596908ebcf270_(page_1).jpg|thumb| Uyilo loMthetho wamaLungelo eMelika, oluvela nango-1789]]
Umqulu wamalungelo ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa umgaqo siseko wamalungelo okanye umthetho wamalungelo, luluhlu lwamalungelo abalulekileyo kubemi belizwe. Injongo yawo kukukhusela la malungelo ekunyashweni ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye nabemi abazimeleyo.

Imiqulu yamalungelo anokuthi agcinwe ngokuqinileyo okanye abe ngangacinwanga ngokuqinileyo.Umqulu wamalungelo ogcinwe nokuqinileyo awunkutshintshwa okanye urhoxiswe yindlu yowiso mthetho yelizwe kusetyenziswa inkuqubo yesiqhelo . Endaweni yoko, kufuna uninzi olungaphezulu kwesiqhelo okanye uvoto zimvo. Rhoqo, uba yinxalenye yomgaqo siseko welizwe, yaye ulawulwa ziinkqubu ezikhethekileyo ezisebenza kwizilungiso zomgaqo siseko.

== Imbali ==


Imbali yemiqulu yezomthetho eqinisekisa amalungelo athile kumaqela athile ibuyela kwixesha lamaXesha Aphakathi ngaphambili. Umzekelo nguMagna Cata, umqulu wezomthetho waseNgilani owavunyelwana ngawo phakathi koKumkani kunye neebharoons ngo-1215. Kwixesha lamaXesha Amatsha, kwabakho umdla omtsha kuMagna Carta. Ijaji yomthetho oqhelekileyo waseNgilani uMnomzane Edward Coke wavuselela ingcamango yamalungelo anjalo. Isibhengezo samaLungelo sango 1628, uMthetho weHabeas Corpus sango 1679 kunye noMqulu wamalungelo wango 1689 ( Umqulu wamaLungelo wesiNgesi) zasiseka amalungelo athile kumthetho obhaliweyo.

Kwikoloni ezilishumi elinesithathu, uMqulu wamaLungelo wesiNgesi yaba yenye yezinto ezaphembelela isibhengezo samalungelo saseVirginia sowe 1776, esathi kamva saphumelela ekuchaphazeleni umqulu wamalungelo aseMelika ngalo nyaka. Emva kokuba uMgaqo siseko weMelika wamekelwa ngo 1791. Umqulu wamalungelo wase Melika kunye noMqulu wamalungelo bachaphazela yimbali yomgaqo siseko waseBritane.

Ipembelelwe lixesha loKhanyiselo, isiBhengezo samalungelo oMntu naBemi sagxininisa ukuba amalungelo ngawabo bonke abantu ngokubanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangobani. Samkelwa ngowe 1789 kuzwelonke yoMgaqo siseko yeSizwe yaseFransi ngexesha luquku lwase Fransi

Inkulungwane yama20 yabona amaqela ahlukeneyo esebenzisa la maxwebhu angaphambili njengesiseko nempembelelo xa kwakuyilwa iSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oLuntu, iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu yamaLungelo oluntu kunye neNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana.

== Izinto ezikhethekileyo kwiidemokhrasi zaseNtshona ==
UMgaqo siseko waseBritane usahleli ungabhalwanga ngokucwangcisiweyo. Noko kunjalo, uMqulu wamaLungelo wango 1689 uyinxalenye yomthetho wase Britane. uMeththo wamaLungelo oMntu wango 1998 nawo ufaka amalungelo aqulathwekwiNgqunguthela yaseYurophu ngamaLungelo oMntu kumthetho wase UK. Kwinkulungwane yama 21, kwabakho izindululo zoMqulu wamaLungelo waseBritane kwayue iPalamente yaseBritane yaphikisana ngoMqulu wamaLungelo, kodwa  awuzange udlule ube ngumthetho.

iAustralia kuphela kwilizwe elisebenzisa umthetho oqhelekileyo elinganayo imigaqo siseko okanye umthetho wesizwe obhaliweyo wamaLungelo okukhusela abemi balo, nangona kukho ingxoxo eqhubekayo kumazwe amaninzi aseAustralia. Ngo 1973, iGqwetha Jikelele weSizwe uLionel Murphy wazisa uMqulu wamaLungelo kwiPalamente, kodwa awuzange udlule. Ngo 1984, uSenator Gareth Evans wabhala uMqulu wamaLungelo, kodwa awuzange waziswe kwiPalamente, kwaye ngo 1985 uSenator Lionel Bowen wazisa uMqulu wamaLungelo owadlula kwiNdlu yabaMeli kodwa wasilela kwiSenate. Owaye nguNdunakulu wase Australia uJohn Howard waphikisana noMqulu wamaLungelo wase Austrila esithi ungadlulisela amandla kuba politiki abakhethiweyo uye kwejaji kunye nezigosa ezingakhethwanga. iVictoria, iQueensland kunye neAustrialian Capital Territory (ACT) kuphela indawo ezineMthetho yama Lungelo oMntu. Noko kunjalo, umgaqo siseko wobulungisa okhoyo kwinkqubo yezobulungisa yase Australia uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba umtheho uchazwa ngendlela engaphazamisi amalungelo asisiseko abantu, ngaphandle kokuba umthetho ucacisa ukuba ufuna ukuphazamisa.
[[File:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|thumb| UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1689 nguMthetho wePalamente yaseNgilane oqinisekisa amalungelo athile.]]</text>
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    <title>ISebe leMfundo yabantu abaNtsundu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>42016</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T14:32:14Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Tar Sbora</username>
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'''Isebe Lezemfundo yeBantu''' yayintlangano eyasekwa lIiqela lesizwe [[UMzantsi Afrika|loMzantsi Afrika]] ngowe-1953. Umthetho weMfundo yeBantu, ka-1953 yanika isakhelo somthetho kweli sebe.

== Umsebenzi weSebe ==
Ngaphambi kokuba kupasiswe uMthetho weMfundo yeBantu, ucalucalulo kwimfundo lwaludla ngokuphunyezwa ngendlela engacwangciswanga nengalinganiyo. Injongo yalo mthetho yayikukudibanisa imfundo yabantu abamnyama, oko kukuthi, imfundo yabantu abamnyama, ukuze iindlela zemfundo ezicalucalulayo ziphunyezwe ngokufanayo kulo lonke [[UMzantsi Afrika|elaseMzantsi Afrika]] .  Ngaphambili, imfundo yabantu abamnyama yayilawulwa ngooRhulumente bamaPhondo. Ngokusekwa kweli candelo, uRhulumente wesizwe ophakathi wathabatha ulawulo [[Imfundo eMzantsi Afrika|lwemfundo yabantu abamnyama eMzantsi Afrika]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;msu.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid|url=http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/sidebar.php?id=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukwahlulwahlulwa ngokobuhlanga kwimfundo kwaba yimfuneko phantsi koMthetho.

Ekuqaleni, irhafu yokuvota eyayithatyathwa kuphela kubantu abamnyama baseMzantsi Afrika yayiqokelelwa ukuhlawula imfundo yamaBantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;msu.edu&quot; /&gt; Ngowe-1972, uRhulumente waqalisa ukusebenzisa irhafu eqhelekileyo eqokelelwe kubantu abantu abamhlophe boMzantsi Afrika ukuxhasa inxalenye yemfundo yabantu abamnyama.&lt;ref name=&quot;msu.edu&quot; /&gt; Enye yezinto ezazithandwa yimfundo yamaBantu yayikukungafani phakathi komgangatho wemfundo ekhoyo kumaqela ahlukeneyo eentlanga. Imfundo yabantsundu yafumana iseshumi semithombo eyabelwe imfundo yabantsho; ngexesha lonke localulo, abantwana abamnyama bafundiswa kwiiklasi ezinomlinganiselo wotitshala-umfundi we-1: 56.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hartshorne, K. B 1990&quot; /&gt; Izakhiwo zesikolo eziphosakeleyo, ukunqongophala kweencwadi zesikolo, kunye noqeqesho olungafanelekanga lootitshala ziingxaki ekwakungekho namnye owaziyo (okanye ozimiseleyo) ukuzisombulula.&lt;ref name=&quot;msu.edu&quot; /&gt;

== Izicwangciso zemfundo zeSebe ==
Eli sebe lafuna ukuxhobisa abafundi abamnyama ngezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze basebenze njengabasebenzi abanobuchule obungaphantsi. Ukucinga okucacileyo kunye nezifundo ezibonwa zingenamsebenzi kubasebenzi bezandla (njengezibalo kunye nenzululwazi) zazigcinwe zingenamdla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The June 16 Soweto Youth Uprising - South African History Online|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/bantu-education-policy|website=sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukufundisa abafundi iinguqulelo ezibuhlobo ne-(apartheid) zexabiso lamaKristu kwakukwabaluleka. Kwizixhobo zemfundo, inkcubeko emnyama yaboniswa njengento yokuqala, yasemaphandleni, kwaye ayitshintshi. &lt;ref name=&quot;msu.edu&quot; /&gt;

== Iimpendulo ==
Imibutho emininzi yabathunywa bevangeli yayibonelela ngemfundo kubantwana besikolo sabamnyama. Ezi zikolo zazixhaswa ngokuyinxalenye kaRhulumente wesizwe kodwa zisebenza ngokuzimela okuthile. Ukwahlukana ngokobuhlanga kwakungeyonto eyabangela ukuba kufunyanwe imfundo yobuvangeli basemazweni. Umthetho weMfundo yamaBantu wadibanisa ucalucalulo lwemfundo kunye nezikolo ezisemsebenzini ezinyanzelisa ukuba zisebenzise ukwahlukana ngokobuhlanga ukuze zifanelekele uncedo lwezemali. Izikolo ezininzi zevangeli zawala ukusebenzisana noRhulumente weqela leSizwe kwaye zaphela ukusebenza emva kokugqitywa komthetho.

== Ukuphela kwecandelo ==
Ngowe-1994, emva kokhetho lokuqala olwenziwa eMzantsi Afrika, eli sebe lapheliswa. Yonke imisebenzi yayo yafunyanwa ngamasebe kaRhulumente aliqela. Nangona uRhulumente wangemva kocalulo lwabantu uzibophelele ekuboneleleni ngemfundo esemgangathweni kubafundi bazo zonke iintlanga,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANC Education Policy|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Govern_Political/ANC_Education.html|website=upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; imfundo eMzantsi Afrika iyaqhubeka iphazanyiswa lifa lesebe kunye namanye amaziko.[tone]

== Imithombo ==</text>
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|-
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[Calgary|ICalgary]], [[Alberta|eAlberta]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Ubunini
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Umnini
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | IThelevishini yeYunivesithi Entsha
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Imbali
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'''I-NUTV kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary''' yenye yezona nkampani zindala kakhulu zokuvelisa imidlalo kamabonakude ezikwiyunivesithi eKhanada. Yasekwa ngo-nomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba enamashumi asibhozo anesithathu yaza yasekwa ngomnyaka wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye., i-NUTV yintlangano engenzi nzuzo esekhampasini enika amathuba kubafundi beYunivesithi yaseCalgary kunye namalungu oluntu ukuba bahlole indlela yethelevishini ngokufunda amanqanaba ahlukeneyo emveliso. La mathuba aquka ukunika ingxelo/udliwanondlebe, ukusingatha, ukubhala, ukusebenza kwekhamera, ukukhanyisa, ukuxuba isandi, ukusebenzisa iFinal Cut Pro kunye neAdobe Creative Suite, ukuhlela, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuqondisa. I-NUTV yinxalenye ye-University of Calgary Tri-Media Alliance, eyenziwe ngoshicilelo ( The Gauntlet ), unomathotholo ( CJSW 90.9 ), kunye nomabonakude (NUTV). IYunivesithi yaseCalgary yahlukile kuba yenye yeeyunivesithi ezimbini zaseKhanada ezinemisebenzi emithathu yeendaba ekhampasini, enye yi-UTM/TV yeYunivesithi yaseToronto eMississauga.</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Ubunini
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Umnini
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | IThelevishini yeYunivesithi Entsha
|-
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|- style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;
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'''I-NUTV kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary''' yenye yezona nkampani zindala ngeyona ndlela imangalisayo zokuvelisa imidlalo kamabonakude ezikwiyunivesithi eKhanada. Yasekwa ngo-nomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba enamashumi asibhozo anesithathu, yaza yabhaliswa ngokusesikweni ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye. I-NUTV yintlangano engenzi nzuzo esekhampasini enika amathuba kubafundi beYunivesithi yaseCalgary kunye namalungu oluntu ukuba bahlole indlela kamabonakude ngokufunda amanqanaba ahlukeneyo emveliso. La mathuba aquka ukunika ingxelo/udliwanondlebe, ukusingatha, ukubhala, ukusebenza kwekhamera, ukukhanyisa, ukuxuba isandi, ukusebenzisa iFinal Cut Pro kunye neAdobe Creative Suite, ukuhlela, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuqondisa. I-NUTV yinxalenye ye-University of Calgary Tri-Media Alliance, eyenziwe ngoshicilelo ( The Gauntlet ), unomathotholo ( CJSW 90.9 ), kunye nomabonakude (NUTV). IYunivesithi yaseCalgary yahlukile kuba yenye yeeyunivesithi ezimbini zaseKhanada ezinemisebenzi emithathu yeendaba ekhampasini, enye yi-UTM/TV yeYunivesithi yaseToronto eMississauga.

== Imbali ==
'''I-NUTV: Imbali yoshicilelo  emfutshane yexesha nendawo'''

'''Nomnyaaka  wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesine.'''

* I-UCTV yasekwa njengeklabhu yabafundi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary
* ''IYunivesithi'' - umboniso wokuqala owenziweyo

'''Ngomyaka wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesithandathu'''

* I-UCTV ifumana irhafu yokuqala yabafundi ($2.75)

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesixhenxe'''

* ''IYunivesithi'' - usasazo lokuqala kwiRogers Cable Channel 10
* Umvelisi uba lilungu lokuqala labasebenzi be-UCTV

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elimakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba.'''

* I-UCTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu yokuqala ($0.25)

'''Usukela ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye ukuya  ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anambini'''

* I-UCTV yabhaliswa ngokusesikweni ngeyoMsintsi ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithathu, ngonyaka wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye njengombutho obhalisiweyo ongenzi nzuzo. Igama litshintshiwe laba yiNew University Television (NUTV)
* ''I-NSF'' ithatha indawo ''yeYunivesithi'' njengomboniso wemagazini yeendaba

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesibini ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithathu'''

* Umsebenzi wemveliso uba ngumsebenzi osisigxina
* Inkqubo yencoko yesitudiyo ''yeVoices'' idlalwa njengenkqubo etshintshanayo
* Kuthengwe izixhobo zeBetacam SP

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithathu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesine'''

* I-MATROX yokuhlela kwi-intanethi
* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMlawuli wezoBugcisa esingesosigxina songezwa
* Usasazo ''lwe-NSF'' kwitshaneli yeRogers Cable 10
* ''I-NSF'' iphumelele ibhaso le-AMPIA leNkqubo yeCable yoLuntu engcono kakhulu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alberta Film &amp; Television Awards Winners 1974 – 2012|url=http://ampia.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Alberta-Film-Television-Awards-Winners-1974-2012.pdf|website=Alberta Media production Industries Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesine ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesihlanu'''

* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMlawuli wezoBugcisa siguqulelwe kwisikhundla sexesha elizeleyo
* Isikhundla soMlawuli weNkqubo songezwa kwisikhundla soMvelisi

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesihlanu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithandathu'''

* Isikhundla soMvelisi oyiNtloko siba sisikhundla soMlawuli oyiNtloko
* Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ze-NUTV kwitshaneli yekhebula ye -SHAW 10

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithandathu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesixhenxe'''

* I-opera yesepha yovavanyo lwe- ''2500 University Drive'' ivelisiwe
* I-NUTV ibambe ubusuku bokuqala beCasino kwaye iphucula iikhompyutha zeofisi
* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iba ligama eliqhelekileyo lenkqubo yemagazini yeendaba

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesibhozo ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anethoba'''

* Uphando malunga neenkqubo ze-closed-circuit luqala
* izixhobo ezivaliweyo ezithengiweyo
* Inkqubo yokuhlela ingena kwiofisi entsha phezulu kwiZiko labaFundi leMacEwan

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anethoba ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini'''

* Inkqubo ye-NUTV itshintshela kwitshaneli yekhebula ye-SHAW 66
* I-AVID yokuqala yokuhlela engeyomgca ithengiwe

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ananye'''

* Inkqubo yesibini yokuhlela i-AVID kunye neekhamera ezintsha ziyathengwa
* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMququzeleli weSekethe eValiweyo sexesha elingesosigxina senziwe
* I-SpeakTank ifakelwe kwikhampasi yevidiyo esebenzisana nayo

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ananye ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibini'''

* I-NUTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu okwesibini ($0.50) okusetyenziselwa ukuqalisa iinkqubo zeClosed-Circuit ekhampasini
* Isiqendu ''esipheleleyo se-NUTV esingaphambili'' sithathwe kwikhebula le-SHAW emva kokusasazwa kwefilimu ethi Puppetry of the Penis

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibini ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithathu'''

* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iphumelele i-Alliance for Community Media: Best of the Northwest Award for Excellence
* I-Campus Tri-Media Alliance idala uthotho lweeMovies That Matter (MTM) olunemiboniso bhanya-bhanya enxulumene nezopolitiko nezentlalo
* I-NUTV ijoyina iCalgary Dollars

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anantathu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesine'''

* Inkqubo yeSikolo soBuchule iqala ngemali evela kwi-AMAAS (Alberta Media Arts Alliance Society)
* Iimuvi Ezibalulekileyo ziphumelele ibhaso leFast Forward Weekly (FFWD) Best of Calgary &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FFWD Weekly - August 14, 2003|url=http://www.ffwdweekly.com/Issues/2003/0814/boc8.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030927205152/http://www.ffwdweekly.com/Issues/2003/0814/boc8.htm|archive-date=2003-09-27|accessdate=2025-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesihlanu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithandathu'''

* IBhodi yeSizwe yeFilimu yaseKhanada ibandakanyeka kwiworkshop yeSikolo soBuchule &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Programs &amp;#124; Banff Centre|url=http://www.banffcentre.ca/programs/program.aspx?id=862&amp;facId=3839&amp;p=member}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukwakhiwa kuqala kwindawo entsha yestudiyo ye-NUTV kwiZiko laBafundi leMacEwan

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithandathu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesixhenxe'''

* I-NUTV ingena kwindawo entsha yesitudiyo esisigxina kumgangatho wesithathu weZiko labaFundi leMacEwan
* Umxholo uveliswe yi-NUTV doubles
* Zonke iimonitha zeClosed-Circuit ezikwikhampasi ziphuculwe zaba zizikrini ze-HD LCD ezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle
* Iinkqubo zokuhlela ziphuculwe ukusuka kwi-AVID ukuya kwi-Final Cut Pro

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesixhenxe  ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibhozo'''

* Ukuthengwa kwesixhobo sokutshintsha ividiyo kwi-NUTV:LIVE web broadcasts
* Usasazo lokuqala &quot;lokusasazwa bukhoma kwiwebhu&quot; olubonisa umdlalo webhola yomnyazi we-DINOS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dinos in finals {{!}} University of Calgary|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/news/february2008/dinos-finals|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227102449/http://www.ucalgary.ca/news/february2008/dinos-finals|archive-date=2008-02-27|website=www.ucalgary.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukuthengwa kwekhamera yeSony HD
* Ubambe ingqungquthela yeTri-Media ''ethi The New Media: Thriving in a Digital Age'' kunye neCJSW kunye neGauntlet &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TriMedia Alliance - Balance 2001|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/trimedia/conference/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011115230052/http://www.ucalgary.ca/trimedia/conference/index.html|archive-date=2001-11-15|website=www.ucalgary.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Umboniso wewebhu ''weDino_Myte'' uqala ukubonisa abadlali beDINOS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=University of Calgary - SI Vault|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/topic/video/University_of_Calgary/1900-01-01/2100-12-31/2/54/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025133707/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/topic/video/University_of_Calgary/1900-01-01/2100-12-31/2/54/index.htm|archive-date=2012-10-25|website=sportsillustrated.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ze-NUTV kwitshaneli yekhebula ye-SHAW 89

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibhozo ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anethoba'''

* I-NUTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu okwesithathu ($1.00)
* I-CBC ixhasa ibhaso le-NUTV Documentary School
* Ilungu lesine labasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo longezwe njengesikhundla seClosed-Circuit esiguqulwe saba nguMlawuli wezoPapasho kunye nokuKhuthazwa
* Inkqubo ye-NUTV ibuyela kwikhebula le-SHAW 10
* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iphumelele ibhaso le-Alliance for Community Media: Hometown Video Award kudidi lweeMagazini Shows

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinanye'''

* I-NUTV ibamba uMnyhadala woBugcisa beGreenlight wokuqala waminyaka le (GAF), umnyhadala okhuthaza ulwazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kwimiba yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=N.U.T.V. – Greenlite Film Festival &amp;#124; Greenlite Film Festival|url=http://nutv.ca/greenlite/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinesine'''

* I-NUTV iyeka iFull Frontal, kwaye iqalise inkqubo yayo entsha yencoko, iStudio 315. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 October 2014|title=The Gauntlet / NUTV revamps programming with new live show|url=http://www.thegauntlet.ca/nutv-revamps-programming-with-new-live-show/|accessdate=2018-02-09|website=www.thegauntlet.ca|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinesihlanu'''

* I-NUTV ibamba uMnyhadala woBugcisa beGreenlite onomxholo weenyawo. Lo mnyhadala ukhuthaza ulwazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya.

== Ukuhlela ==
Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-NUTV luboniswa  ngamalungu azinikele ngokuthanda kwabo, ngelixesha abasebenzi be-NUTV bebonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nomgangatho nomxholo. I-NUTV ikhuthaza iqonga lokutshintshiselana ngezimvo ngokukhululekileyo kwaye inika ithuba lokuvakalisa izimvo kubantu nakumaqela ngaphandle kwemiqathango enxulumene namajelo eendaba ajolise ekwenzeni inzuzo.[1][2]

== Umnyhadala weGreenlite ==
I-Greenlight Arts Festival ngumnyhadala wonyaka owaqala ngomyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinanye ukunyusa  imiba ejikeleze okungqongileyo. Umnyhadala ubamba iminyhadala emininzi ebandakanya umsebenzi wobugcisa oluhlaza, uqala ngeHora ye-Eco Film Challenge kunye noMdyarho weFotography. Umsebenzi wale mibhiyozo kukubonelela abafundi ngamathuba okuthetha ngemicimbi yendalo esingqongileyo, ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobugcisa, ukubandakanya ubuchule babo bokudala kunye nokwenza lula ukuveliswa kwefilimu kunye nomsebenzi weefoto. Owabanjwa kwiveki yokugqibela ngeyoKwindla, umnyhadala usebenza ukuqala ngeVeki yeMhlaba (Earth Week) kwaye uquka imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enemixholo yendalo ebandakanya; ukhuphiswano lokufota kwidijithali; umngeni wefilimu yeeyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo; iindibano zocweyo zokudala ifilimu yedijithali; ukuboniswa kwefilimu yezembali yendalo eboniswayo kunye nengxoxo yephaneli; umboniso weefoto ezimfutshane zemihla ngemihla; kunye negala yokuvala. Zonke iinkqubo zikhululekile yaye zivulekile kubafundi nakubantu abahlala apho.

I-NUTV kunye noLondolozo loManyano leBhodi lwaBafundi  banikela ngemali kunye nezixhobo kwimpumelelo yomnyhadala.

== Amabhaso ==

* Alberta Film &amp; Television &quot;Rosie&quot; Award - for ''Please Stand By''&lt;ref name=&quot;ampia.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AMPIA - Alberta Media Production Industries Association|url=https://ampia.org/|website=AMPIA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Alberta Film &amp; Television &quot;Rosie&quot; Award - for ''Field Mice''&lt;ref name=&quot;ampia.org&quot; /&gt;
* Hometown Video Awards for Community Television Programming - for ''Full Frontal NUTV''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.alliancecm.org/|website=alliancecm.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izixhobo ==
I-NUTV inezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zoshishino kwaye inika  amalungu ngeeseshoni zoqeqesho zobuchule unyaka wonke, kubandakanywa ukhokelo olugquma zonke izixhobo ze-NUTV zemveliso kunye nemveliso yangemva kwemveliso. Ukuze kusebenze iikhamera zeNUTV kunye neenkqubo zokuhlela amalungu kufuneka abe nolwazi oluchanekileyo kolo qeqesho.</text>
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      <text bytes="13844" sha1="j1t2hyjpdhpi9i5ae5mlcb04md6wvpf" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard ib-tv-station&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;8&quot; |I-NUTV
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:NUTVLogo2015.jpg|class=ib-tv-station-logo|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[City of license|Isixeko]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[Calgary|ICalgary]], [[Alberta|eAlberta]]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Ubunini
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Umnini
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | IThelevishini yeYunivesithi Entsha
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Imbali
|- style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt; Umhla wokuqala wokusasazwa&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 1984
|- class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header notheme&quot; | Amakhonkco
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Iwebhusayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://www.nutv.ca www.nutv.ca]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
'''I-NUTV kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary''' yenye yezona nkampani zindala ngeyona ndlela imangalisayo zokuvelisa imidlalo kamabonakude ezikwiyunivesithi eKhanada. Yasekwa ngo-nomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba enamashumi asibhozo anesithathu, yaza yabhaliswa ngokusesikweni ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye. I-NUTV yintlangano engenzi nzuzo esekhampasini enika amathuba kubafundi beYunivesithi yaseCalgary kunye namalungu oluntu ukuba bahlole indlela kamabonakude ngokufunda amanqanaba ahlukeneyo emveliso. La mathuba aquka ukunika ingxelo/udliwanondlebe, ukusingatha, ukubhala, ukusebenza kwekhamera, ukukhanyisa, ukuxuba isandi, ukusebenzisa iFinal Cut Pro kunye neAdobe Creative Suite, ukuhlela, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuqondisa. I-NUTV yinxalenye ye-University of Calgary Tri-Media Alliance, eyenziwe ngoshicilelo ( The Gauntlet ), unomathotholo ( CJSW 90.9 ), kunye nomabonakude (NUTV). IYunivesithi yaseCalgary yahlukile kuba yenye yeeyunivesithi ezimbini zaseKhanada ezinemisebenzi emithathu yeendaba ekhampasini, enye yi-UTM/TV yeYunivesithi yaseToronto eMississauga.

== Imbali ==
'''I-NUTV: Imbali yoshicilelo  emfutshane yexesha nendawo'''

'''Nomnyaaka  wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesine.'''

* I-UCTV yasekwa njengeklabhu yabafundi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary
* ''IYunivesithi'' - umboniso wokuqala owenziweyo

'''Ngomyaka wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesithandathu'''

* I-UCTV ifumana irhafu yokuqala yabafundi ($2.75)

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi asibhozo anesixhenxe'''

* ''IYunivesithi'' - usasazo lokuqala kwiRogers Cable Channel 10
* Umvelisi uba lilungu lokuqala labasebenzi be-UCTV

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elimakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba.'''

* I-UCTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu yokuqala ($0.25)

'''Usukela ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye ukuya  ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anambini'''

* I-UCTV yabhaliswa ngokusesikweni ngeyoMsintsi ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithathu, ngonyaka wewaka lamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba ananye njengombutho obhalisiweyo ongenzi nzuzo. Igama litshintshiwe laba yiNew University Television (NUTV)
* ''I-NSF'' ithatha indawo ''yeYunivesithi'' njengomboniso wemagazini yeendaba

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesibini ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithathu'''

* Umsebenzi wemveliso uba ngumsebenzi osisigxina
* Inkqubo yencoko yesitudiyo ''yeVoices'' idlalwa njengenkqubo etshintshanayo
* Kuthengwe izixhobo zeBetacam SP

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithathu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesine'''

* I-MATROX yokuhlela kwi-intanethi
* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMlawuli wezoBugcisa esingesosigxina songezwa
* Usasazo ''lwe-NSF'' kwitshaneli yeRogers Cable 10
* ''I-NSF'' iphumelele ibhaso le-AMPIA leNkqubo yeCable yoLuntu engcono kakhulu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alberta Film &amp; Television Awards Winners 1974 – 2012|url=http://ampia.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Alberta-Film-Television-Awards-Winners-1974-2012.pdf|website=Alberta Media production Industries Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesine ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesihlanu'''

* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMlawuli wezoBugcisa siguqulelwe kwisikhundla sexesha elizeleyo
* Isikhundla soMlawuli weNkqubo songezwa kwisikhundla soMvelisi

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesihlanu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithandathu'''

* Isikhundla soMvelisi oyiNtloko siba sisikhundla soMlawuli oyiNtloko
* Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ze-NUTV kwitshaneli yekhebula ye -SHAW 10

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesithandathu ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesixhenxe'''

* I-opera yesepha yovavanyo lwe- ''2500 University Drive'' ivelisiwe
* I-NUTV ibambe ubusuku bokuqala beCasino kwaye iphucula iikhompyutha zeofisi
* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iba ligama eliqhelekileyo lenkqubo yemagazini yeendaba

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anesibhozo ukuya ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anethoba'''

* Uphando malunga neenkqubo ze-closed-circuit luqala
* izixhobo ezivaliweyo ezithengiweyo
* Inkqubo yokuhlela ingena kwiofisi entsha phezulu kwiZiko labaFundi leMacEwan

'''Ngomnyaka wewaka elinamakhulu alithoba anamashumi alithoba anethoba ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini'''

* Inkqubo ye-NUTV itshintshela kwitshaneli yekhebula ye-SHAW 66
* I-AVID yokuqala yokuhlela engeyomgca ithengiwe

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ananye'''

* Inkqubo yesibini yokuhlela i-AVID kunye neekhamera ezintsha ziyathengwa
* Isikhundla sabasebenzi boMququzeleli weSekethe eValiweyo sexesha elingesosigxina senziwe
* I-SpeakTank ifakelwe kwikhampasi yevidiyo esebenzisana nayo

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini ananye ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibini'''

* I-NUTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu okwesibini ($0.50) okusetyenziselwa ukuqalisa iinkqubo zeClosed-Circuit ekhampasini
* Isiqendu ''esipheleleyo se-NUTV esingaphambili'' sithathwe kwikhebula le-SHAW emva kokusasazwa kwefilimu ethi Puppetry of the Penis

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibini ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithathu'''

* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iphumelele i-Alliance for Community Media: Best of the Northwest Award for Excellence
* I-Campus Tri-Media Alliance idala uthotho lweeMovies That Matter (MTM) olunemiboniso bhanya-bhanya enxulumene nezopolitiko nezentlalo
* I-NUTV ijoyina iCalgary Dollars

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anantathu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesine'''

* Inkqubo yeSikolo soBuchule iqala ngemali evela kwi-AMAAS (Alberta Media Arts Alliance Society)
* Iimuvi Ezibalulekileyo ziphumelele ibhaso leFast Forward Weekly (FFWD) Best of Calgary &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FFWD Weekly - August 14, 2003|url=http://www.ffwdweekly.com/Issues/2003/0814/boc8.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030927205152/http://www.ffwdweekly.com/Issues/2003/0814/boc8.htm|archive-date=2003-09-27|accessdate=2025-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesihlanu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithandathu'''

* IBhodi yeSizwe yeFilimu yaseKhanada ibandakanyeka kwiworkshop yeSikolo soBuchule &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Programs &amp;#124; Banff Centre|url=http://www.banffcentre.ca/programs/program.aspx?id=862&amp;facId=3839&amp;p=member|accessdate=2026-09-22|archive-date=2012-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222065447/http://www.banffcentre.ca/programs/program.aspx?id=862&amp;facId=3839&amp;p=member|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukwakhiwa kuqala kwindawo entsha yestudiyo ye-NUTV kwiZiko laBafundi leMacEwan

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesithandathu ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesixhenxe'''

* I-NUTV ingena kwindawo entsha yesitudiyo esisigxina kumgangatho wesithathu weZiko labaFundi leMacEwan
* Umxholo uveliswe yi-NUTV doubles
* Zonke iimonitha zeClosed-Circuit ezikwikhampasi ziphuculwe zaba zizikrini ze-HD LCD ezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle
* Iinkqubo zokuhlela ziphuculwe ukusuka kwi-AVID ukuya kwi-Final Cut Pro

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesixhenxe  ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibhozo'''

* Ukuthengwa kwesixhobo sokutshintsha ividiyo kwi-NUTV:LIVE web broadcasts
* Usasazo lokuqala &quot;lokusasazwa bukhoma kwiwebhu&quot; olubonisa umdlalo webhola yomnyazi we-DINOS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dinos in finals {{!}} University of Calgary|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/news/february2008/dinos-finals|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227102449/http://www.ucalgary.ca/news/february2008/dinos-finals|archive-date=2008-02-27|website=www.ucalgary.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukuthengwa kwekhamera yeSony HD
* Ubambe ingqungquthela yeTri-Media ''ethi The New Media: Thriving in a Digital Age'' kunye neCJSW kunye neGauntlet &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TriMedia Alliance - Balance 2001|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/trimedia/conference/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011115230052/http://www.ucalgary.ca/trimedia/conference/index.html|archive-date=2001-11-15|website=www.ucalgary.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Umboniso wewebhu ''weDino_Myte'' uqala ukubonisa abadlali beDINOS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=University of Calgary - SI Vault|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/topic/video/University_of_Calgary/1900-01-01/2100-12-31/2/54/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025133707/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/topic/video/University_of_Calgary/1900-01-01/2100-12-31/2/54/index.htm|archive-date=2012-10-25|website=sportsillustrated.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ze-NUTV kwitshaneli yekhebula ye-SHAW 89

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anesibhozo ukuya ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini anethoba'''

* I-NUTV ifumana ukonyuswa kwerhafu okwesithathu ($1.00)
* I-CBC ixhasa ibhaso le-NUTV Documentary School
* Ilungu lesine labasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo longezwe njengesikhundla seClosed-Circuit esiguqulwe saba nguMlawuli wezoPapasho kunye nokuKhuthazwa
* Inkqubo ye-NUTV ibuyela kwikhebula le-SHAW 10
* ''I-Full Frontal NUTV'' iphumelele ibhaso le-Alliance for Community Media: Hometown Video Award kudidi lweeMagazini Shows

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinanye'''

* I-NUTV ibamba uMnyhadala woBugcisa beGreenlight wokuqala waminyaka le (GAF), umnyhadala okhuthaza ulwazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kwimiba yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=N.U.T.V. – Greenlite Film Festival &amp;#124; Greenlite Film Festival|url=http://nutv.ca/greenlite/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinesine'''

* I-NUTV iyeka iFull Frontal, kwaye iqalise inkqubo yayo entsha yencoko, iStudio 315. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 October 2014|title=The Gauntlet / NUTV revamps programming with new live show|url=http://www.thegauntlet.ca/nutv-revamps-programming-with-new-live-show/|accessdate=2018-02-09|website=www.thegauntlet.ca|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ngomnyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinesihlanu'''

* I-NUTV ibamba uMnyhadala woBugcisa beGreenlite onomxholo weenyawo. Lo mnyhadala ukhuthaza ulwazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya.

== Ukuhlela ==
Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-NUTV luboniswa  ngamalungu azinikele ngokuthanda kwabo, ngelixesha abasebenzi be-NUTV bebonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nomgangatho nomxholo. I-NUTV ikhuthaza iqonga lokutshintshiselana ngezimvo ngokukhululekileyo kwaye inika ithuba lokuvakalisa izimvo kubantu nakumaqela ngaphandle kwemiqathango enxulumene namajelo eendaba ajolise ekwenzeni inzuzo.[1][2]

== Umnyhadala weGreenlite ==
I-Greenlight Arts Festival ngumnyhadala wonyaka owaqala ngomyaka wamawaka amabini aneshumi elinanye ukunyusa  imiba ejikeleze okungqongileyo. Umnyhadala ubamba iminyhadala emininzi ebandakanya umsebenzi wobugcisa oluhlaza, uqala ngeHora ye-Eco Film Challenge kunye noMdyarho weFotography. Umsebenzi wale mibhiyozo kukubonelela abafundi ngamathuba okuthetha ngemicimbi yendalo esingqongileyo, ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobugcisa, ukubandakanya ubuchule babo bokudala kunye nokwenza lula ukuveliswa kwefilimu kunye nomsebenzi weefoto. Owabanjwa kwiveki yokugqibela ngeyoKwindla, umnyhadala usebenza ukuqala ngeVeki yeMhlaba (Earth Week) kwaye uquka imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enemixholo yendalo ebandakanya; ukhuphiswano lokufota kwidijithali; umngeni wefilimu yeeyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo; iindibano zocweyo zokudala ifilimu yedijithali; ukuboniswa kwefilimu yezembali yendalo eboniswayo kunye nengxoxo yephaneli; umboniso weefoto ezimfutshane zemihla ngemihla; kunye negala yokuvala. Zonke iinkqubo zikhululekile yaye zivulekile kubafundi nakubantu abahlala apho.

I-NUTV kunye noLondolozo loManyano leBhodi lwaBafundi  banikela ngemali kunye nezixhobo kwimpumelelo yomnyhadala.

== Amabhaso ==

* Alberta Film &amp; Television &quot;Rosie&quot; Award - for ''Please Stand By''&lt;ref name=&quot;ampia.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AMPIA - Alberta Media Production Industries Association|url=https://ampia.org/|website=AMPIA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Alberta Film &amp; Television &quot;Rosie&quot; Award - for ''Field Mice''&lt;ref name=&quot;ampia.org&quot; /&gt;
* Hometown Video Awards for Community Television Programming - for ''Full Frontal NUTV''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.alliancecm.org/|website=alliancecm.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izixhobo ==
I-NUTV inezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zoshishino kwaye inika  amalungu ngeeseshoni zoqeqesho zobuchule unyaka wonke, kubandakanywa ukhokelo olugquma zonke izixhobo ze-NUTV zemveliso kunye nemveliso yangemva kwemveliso. Ukuze kusebenze iikhamera zeNUTV kunye neenkqubo zokuhlela amalungu kufuneka abe nolwazi oluchanekileyo kolo qeqesho.</text>
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    <title>Ukhuphiswano lwekhreyithi zobisi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366620087|Milk crate challenge]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Crate_Challenge_in_Leeland_Park.png|thumb| Umntwana othatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwekreyithi zobisi, ebonisa isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamakhreyithi]]
'''Ukhuphiswano lwekreyithi zobisi''', olwaziwa ngokuba lukhuphiswano '''lwekreyithi''', lukhuphiswano lwevidiyo olwasasazeka kwi-intanethi kwinyanga ye-Thupha kunyaka wama-2021. Olukhuphiswano lubandakanya ukubeka iikreyithi zobisi njengesakhiwo esifana neqonga, apho amacala omabini esakhiwo esebenza njengezitephusi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok takes action on viral crate challenge|language=en-US|work=[[The Punch]]|url=https://punchng.com/tiktok-takes-action-on-viral-crate-challenge/|access-date=August 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kulindeleke ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba anyuke aye phezulu kwiikreyithi aze ehle kwakhona aye ezantsi ngaphandle kokonakalisa isakhiwo okanye awe, nto leyo enokumbeka emngciphekweni wokwenzakala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marianne Garvey|date=August 24, 2021|title=Conan O'Brien's tweet prompts FDA to discourage #MilkCrateChallenge|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/24/entertainment/milk-crate-challenge-fda-trnd/index.html|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=Maybe this is not the best time to be doing the Milk Crate Challenge|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-25/what-is-milk-crate-challenge-viral-videos-doctors/100404942|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mdlalo ugxekwe ziingcali zempilo ngenxa yomngcipheko oza nawo empilweni yomntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yang 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Yang|first=Maya|date=August 25, 2021|title=Milk crate challenge has doctors warning it's 'worse than falling from a ladder'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/aug/25/milk-crate-challenge-tiktok-doctors-warnings|accessdate=August 26, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iqonga leendaba zoluntu iTikTok, apho olu hlobo lomdlalo lwaduma khona, lithe liza kususa iziphumo zokukhangela &quot;umngeni wekhreyithi yobisi&quot;, licaphula umgaqo-nkqubo walo othi &quot;uthintel umxholo okhuthaza okanye ozukisa izenzo eziyingozi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Valinsky|first=Jordan|date=August 27, 2021|title=TikTok bans the 'milk crate challenge' because of injuries|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/27/business/tiktok-bans-milk-crate-challenge/index.html|accessdate=August 27, 2021|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa yokungazinzi kweekreyithi ezipakishwe ndawonye, abathathi-nxaxheba badla ngokuwa xa benyuka okanye besihla eqongeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Ukuwa ngexesha lokhuphiswano  lukhokelele kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokwenzakala, eziquka ukukquneka kwamagxa kunye nokukrazula kwe-rotator cuff, i-ACL, i-Meniscus, kunye nokwephuka kwezandla kwanokwenzakala komqolo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moore|first=Cortney|date=August 25, 2021|title=What is the milk crate challenge? Dangerous craze sweeps social media, FDA weighs in|url=https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/milk-crate-challenge-social-media-trend-fda-tiktok|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Fox News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The viral Milk Crate Challenge has left people injured. Doctors are begging them to stop.|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/08/24/milk-crate-challenge/|access-date=August 25, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye oogqirha baye balumkisa malunga nokuzama ukuthatha inxaxheba kolukhuphiswano, besithi ukungazinzi kweekreyithi ezipakishwe ndawonye kunokubangela umngcipheko omkhulu wokwenzakala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yang 2021&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gilbert|first=Asha C.|title=Viral videos are fun, but a broken neck is not. Doctor warns against #milkcratechallenge.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/08/24/milk-crate-challenge-dangerous-trend/8240952002/|accessdate=August 11, 2021|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Nina|title=Viral 'Milk Crate Challenge' Is Challenging Virus-Filled Emergency Rooms|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninashapiro/2021/08/24/viral-milk-crate-challenge-is-challenging-virus-filled-emergency-rooms/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhla wama-25 kweyeThupha kunyaka wama-2021, iTikTok yenze ingxelo yokuba iza kususa iividiyo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok removing 'Milk Crate Challenge' videos amid warnings from doctors, FDA|url=https://fox8.com/news/tiktok-removing-milk-crate-challenge-videos-amid-warnings-from-doctors-fda/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Fox 8 Cleveland WJW|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ezine-hashtag kwaye ibuyisele umyalezo malunga nemigangatho yoluntu luka-TikTok xa umsebenzisi ekhangela i-#MilkCrateChallenges. Iqweqwedise ukuba iyakube ilandela imigaqo yayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Barney|date=August 25, 2021|title=Milk crate challenge: Three people shot dead in latest Tik-Tok trend|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/what-is-milk-crate-challenge-tik-tok-instagram-social-trend-shot-b952285.html|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok makes rare statement after Milk Crate Challenge backlash|url=https://nypost.com/2021/08/25/tiktok-makes-rare-statement-after-milk-crate-challenge-backlash/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=New York Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Olu khuphiswano lukwakhokelele kwinkxalabo yobusela kumashishini obisi kwaye luthathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe amaninzi. Imizi-mveliso yobisi ilahlekelwa malunga ne-$80 yezigidi ngonyaka ngenxa yobusela ngokutsho kwe-IDFA ngonyaka wama-2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Glum|first=Julia|title=Doing the TikTok Milk Crate Challenge Could Cost You Hundreds in Fines|url=https://money.yahoo.com/doing-tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-145628592.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826162305/https://money.yahoo.com/doing-tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-145628592.html|archive-date=26 August 2021|accessdate=August 26, 2021|website=Yahoo! Finance}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Waiting for FDA approval before I take the Milk Crate Challenge|url=https://twitter.com/US_FDA/status/1429894793484718089|website=Twitter|publisher=Conan O' Brien}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amanye amanqaku aqaphele ukuba kukho umngcipheko owandayo kubathathi-nxaxheba njengoko izibhedlele ezininzi zazijongene nokwanda kwe -COVID-19 kwi- Delta ngenyanga yeThupha 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Corbett|first=Erin|title=TikTok's Milk Crate Challenge Is The Latest Dumb Way To Injure Yourself|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2021/08/10644705/tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-dangerous|accessdate=2022-09-20|website=www.refinery29.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Milk_Crate_Challenge,_Blackland_Farm.jpg|thumb| Umthambo wokukhwela iikreyithi ezidityaniswe zaze zacwangciswa ngobuchule, kusetyenziswa izigcina-ntloko zokuzikhusela kunye neebhanti zokhuseleko]]
Omnye umdlalo obufana nalo,lukhuphiswano lokucangcatha ngokunyuka amakhreyithi okwakusenziwe ngeenjongo zokuzilolonga kwaye kuphuhliswe iqembu kwindawo ezilungiselelweyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Leigh Ann|title=Team Building Through Physical Challenges: A Complete Toolkit|last2=Midura|first2=Daniel M|last3=Glover|first3=Donald R|date=23 August 2019|publisher=Human Kinetics, Inc.|isbn=978-1492566922|edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kolu khuphiswano, abathathi-nxaxheba bakha isakhiwo esiphakamileyo ngeebhokisi zeplastiki ngelixa abakhweli bemi phezu kwaso. Baye bongeze iibhokisi kweso sakhiwo sikhulayo, abe wona amanye amalungu eqela egqithiselana ngezoobhokisi ukusukela kosemazantsi ukuyakutsho kulowo uphezulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 August 2018|title=Crate Stacking|url=https://www.activeoutdoors.info/crate-stacking/|accessdate=29 July 2026|website=Active Outdoors}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xa kucwangciswa ziingcali, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nezigcina-ntloko kwenza olu khuphiswano lukhuseleke ngakumbi kunakwindlela yevidiyo ezithandwayo. Irekhodi lehlabathi lokunyuka i-crate stack ende kakhulu labekwa ngu-Christof Riesenhuber ngonyaka wama-2009, xa wanyuka iqonga lekholamu enye yamakhreyithi eebhiya ezingama-49, kwabe ukuphakama kwayo kungama- {{Convert|12.74|m}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=18 September 2009|title=Crate climbing - highest|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/crate-climbing-highest|accessdate=5 June 2022|website=Guinness World Records|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona kwakho ==

* Ukuqhekeza iigaloni
* Ukuxubha ubisi
* Ukusetyenziswa kweeTide Pods
* Ukhuphiswano lwe-Benadryl, umkhwa oxeliweyo weevidiyo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamayeza eBenadryl ngabom
* Ukhuphiswano lwe-Skullbreaker, ukhuphiswamo lwe-intanethi kunyaka wama-2020 obandakanya ukwenzakalisana ngabom entloko kubathathi-nxaxheba ngokubakhubekisa
* I-Devious licks, ukhuphiswano olwasasazeka kwi-TikTok ngonyaka wama-2021 obandakanya ubusela kunye nokonakaliswa kwezakhiwo zesikolo ngabafundi.

== Umthombo woLwazi ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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[[File:Crate_Challenge_in_Leeland_Park.png|thumb| Umntwana othatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwekreyithi zobisi, ebonisa isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamakhreyithi]]
'''Ukhuphiswano lwekreyithi zobisi''', olwaziwa ngokuba lukhuphiswano '''lwekreyithi''', lukhuphiswano lwevidiyo olwasasazeka kwi-intanethi kwinyanga ye-Thupha kunyaka wama-2021. Olukhuphiswano lubandakanya ukubeka iikreyithi zobisi njengesakhiwo esifana neqonga, apho amacala omabini esakhiwo esebenza njengezitephusi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok takes action on viral crate challenge|language=en-US|work=[[The Punch]]|url=https://punchng.com/tiktok-takes-action-on-viral-crate-challenge/|access-date=August 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kulindeleke ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba anyuke aye phezulu kwiikreyithi aze ehle kwakhona aye ezantsi ngaphandle kokonakalisa isakhiwo okanye awe, nto leyo enokumbeka emngciphekweni wokwenzakala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marianne Garvey|date=August 24, 2021|title=Conan O'Brien's tweet prompts FDA to discourage #MilkCrateChallenge|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/24/entertainment/milk-crate-challenge-fda-trnd/index.html|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=Maybe this is not the best time to be doing the Milk Crate Challenge|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-25/what-is-milk-crate-challenge-viral-videos-doctors/100404942|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mdlalo ugxekwe ziingcali zempilo ngenxa yomngcipheko oza nawo empilweni yomntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yang 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Yang|first=Maya|date=August 25, 2021|title=Milk crate challenge has doctors warning it's 'worse than falling from a ladder'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/aug/25/milk-crate-challenge-tiktok-doctors-warnings|accessdate=August 26, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iqonga leendaba zoluntu iTikTok, apho olu hlobo lomdlalo lwaduma khona, lithe liza kususa iziphumo zokukhangela &quot;umngeni wekhreyithi yobisi&quot;, licaphula umgaqo-nkqubo walo othi &quot;uthintel umxholo okhuthaza okanye ozukisa izenzo eziyingozi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Valinsky|first=Jordan|date=August 27, 2021|title=TikTok bans the 'milk crate challenge' because of injuries|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/27/business/tiktok-bans-milk-crate-challenge/index.html|accessdate=August 27, 2021|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa yokungazinzi kweekreyithi ezipakishwe ndawonye, abathathi-nxaxheba badla ngokuwa xa benyuka okanye besihla eqongeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Ukuwa ngexesha lokhuphiswano  lukhokelele kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokwenzakala, eziquka ukukquneka kwamagxa kunye nokukrazula kwe-rotator cuff, i-ACL, i-Meniscus, kunye nokwephuka kwezandla kwanokwenzakala komqolo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moore|first=Cortney|date=August 25, 2021|title=What is the milk crate challenge? Dangerous craze sweeps social media, FDA weighs in|url=https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/milk-crate-challenge-social-media-trend-fda-tiktok|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Fox News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The viral Milk Crate Challenge has left people injured. Doctors are begging them to stop.|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/08/24/milk-crate-challenge/|access-date=August 25, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abanye oogqirha baye balumkisa malunga nokuzama ukuthatha inxaxheba kolukhuphiswano, besithi ukungazinzi kweekreyithi ezipakishwe ndawonye kunokubangela umngcipheko omkhulu wokwenzakala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yang 2021&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gilbert|first=Asha C.|title=Viral videos are fun, but a broken neck is not. Doctor warns against #milkcratechallenge.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/08/24/milk-crate-challenge-dangerous-trend/8240952002/|accessdate=August 11, 2021|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Nina|title=Viral 'Milk Crate Challenge' Is Challenging Virus-Filled Emergency Rooms|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninashapiro/2021/08/24/viral-milk-crate-challenge-is-challenging-virus-filled-emergency-rooms/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhla wama-25 kweyeThupha kunyaka wama-2021, iTikTok yenze ingxelo yokuba iza kususa iividiyo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok removing 'Milk Crate Challenge' videos amid warnings from doctors, FDA|url=https://fox8.com/news/tiktok-removing-milk-crate-challenge-videos-amid-warnings-from-doctors-fda/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=Fox 8 Cleveland WJW|language=en-US|archive-date=August 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825203636/https://fox8.com/news/tiktok-removing-milk-crate-challenge-videos-amid-warnings-from-doctors-fda/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ezine-hashtag kwaye ibuyisele umyalezo malunga nemigangatho yoluntu luka-TikTok xa umsebenzisi ekhangela i-#MilkCrateChallenges. Iqweqwedise ukuba iyakube ilandela imigaqo yayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Barney|date=August 25, 2021|title=Milk crate challenge: Three people shot dead in latest Tik-Tok trend|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/what-is-milk-crate-challenge-tik-tok-instagram-social-trend-shot-b952285.html|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=TikTok makes rare statement after Milk Crate Challenge backlash|url=https://nypost.com/2021/08/25/tiktok-makes-rare-statement-after-milk-crate-challenge-backlash/|accessdate=August 25, 2021|website=New York Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Olu khuphiswano lukwakhokelele kwinkxalabo yobusela kumashishini obisi kwaye luthathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe amaninzi. Imizi-mveliso yobisi ilahlekelwa malunga ne-$80 yezigidi ngonyaka ngenxa yobusela ngokutsho kwe-IDFA ngonyaka wama-2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Glum|first=Julia|title=Doing the TikTok Milk Crate Challenge Could Cost You Hundreds in Fines|url=https://money.yahoo.com/doing-tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-145628592.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826162305/https://money.yahoo.com/doing-tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-145628592.html|archive-date=26 August 2021|accessdate=August 26, 2021|website=Yahoo! Finance}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Waiting for FDA approval before I take the Milk Crate Challenge|url=https://twitter.com/US_FDA/status/1429894793484718089|website=Twitter|publisher=Conan O' Brien}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amanye amanqaku aqaphele ukuba kukho umngcipheko owandayo kubathathi-nxaxheba njengoko izibhedlele ezininzi zazijongene nokwanda kwe -COVID-19 kwi- Delta ngenyanga yeThupha 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Corbett|first=Erin|title=TikTok's Milk Crate Challenge Is The Latest Dumb Way To Injure Yourself|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2021/08/10644705/tiktok-milk-crate-challenge-dangerous|accessdate=2022-09-20|website=www.refinery29.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Milk_Crate_Challenge,_Blackland_Farm.jpg|thumb| Umthambo wokukhwela iikreyithi ezidityaniswe zaze zacwangciswa ngobuchule, kusetyenziswa izigcina-ntloko zokuzikhusela kunye neebhanti zokhuseleko]]
Omnye umdlalo obufana nalo,lukhuphiswano lokucangcatha ngokunyuka amakhreyithi okwakusenziwe ngeenjongo zokuzilolonga kwaye kuphuhliswe iqembu kwindawo ezilungiselelweyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Leigh Ann|title=Team Building Through Physical Challenges: A Complete Toolkit|last2=Midura|first2=Daniel M|last3=Glover|first3=Donald R|date=23 August 2019|publisher=Human Kinetics, Inc.|isbn=978-1492566922|edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kolu khuphiswano, abathathi-nxaxheba bakha isakhiwo esiphakamileyo ngeebhokisi zeplastiki ngelixa abakhweli bemi phezu kwaso. Baye bongeze iibhokisi kweso sakhiwo sikhulayo, abe wona amanye amalungu eqela egqithiselana ngezoobhokisi ukusukela kosemazantsi ukuyakutsho kulowo uphezulu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 August 2018|title=Crate Stacking|url=https://www.activeoutdoors.info/crate-stacking/|accessdate=29 July 2026|website=Active Outdoors}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xa kucwangciswa ziingcali, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nezigcina-ntloko kwenza olu khuphiswano lukhuseleke ngakumbi kunakwindlela yevidiyo ezithandwayo. Irekhodi lehlabathi lokunyuka i-crate stack ende kakhulu labekwa ngu-Christof Riesenhuber ngonyaka wama-2009, xa wanyuka iqonga lekholamu enye yamakhreyithi eebhiya ezingama-49, kwabe ukuphakama kwayo kungama- {{Convert|12.74|m}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=18 September 2009|title=Crate climbing - highest|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/crate-climbing-highest|accessdate=5 June 2022|website=Guinness World Records|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona kwakho ==

* Ukuqhekeza iigaloni
* Ukuxubha ubisi
* Ukusetyenziswa kweeTide Pods
* Ukhuphiswano lwe-Benadryl, umkhwa oxeliweyo weevidiyo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamayeza eBenadryl ngabom
* Ukhuphiswano lwe-Skullbreaker, ukhuphiswamo lwe-intanethi kunyaka wama-2020 obandakanya ukwenzakalisana ngabom entloko kubathathi-nxaxheba ngokubakhubekisa
* I-Devious licks, ukhuphiswano olwasasazeka kwi-TikTok ngonyaka wama-2021 obandakanya ubusela kunye nokonakaliswa kwezakhiwo zesikolo ngabafundi.

== Umthombo woLwazi ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isini kunye neMfundo</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367639846|Gender and Education]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Infobox journal|title=Gender and Education|cover=|discipline=[[Gender studies]], [[education]]|abbreviation=Gend. Educ.|editor=Carol Taylor&lt;br /&gt;Susanne Gannon&lt;br /&gt;Jayne Osgood&lt;br /&gt;Kathryn Scantlebury|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|country=[[United Kingdom]]|frequency=8/year|history=1989–present|impact=2.081|impact-year=2020|website=http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cgee20|link1=http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cgee20/current|link1-name=Online access|link2=http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cgee20|link2-name=Online archive|ISSN=0954-0253|eISSN=1360-0516|OCLC=19946680|LCCN=|CODEN=}}'''''i Sini ne mfundo''''' yijenali ephononongwe ngoontanga, epapashwa kasibhozo ngonyaka nguTaylor and Francis, egxininisa kwiimbono zehlabathi jikelele ngemfundo, isini nenkcubeko.

Le jenali ihambelana neGender and Education Association (GEA), kwaye ihlelwa ngokudibeneyo nguCarol Taylor (University of Bath), uSusanne Gannon (Western Sydney University), uJayne Osgood (Middlesex University) kunye noKathryn Scantlebury (University of Delaware).

== Umahluko phakathi koBuni noBuni ekuFundiseni ==
Phakathi konyaka we-1881 nowe-1930, ukufundisa kwakungomnye wemisebenzi eyayithandwa kakhulu, kodwa kwakusekutsha eluntwini ukuba amadoda nabafazi bobabini bafundise iingqondo zabantu abatsha. Abafazi babesandula ukungena kwicandelo lezabasebenzi, kwaye nangona kwathatha ixesha ukuba abantu baqhele oko, inani labafazi ababekwicandelo lezemfundo eUnited States lenyuka ukusuka kuma-55% ukuya kuma-75%.[1] Kungekudala, abafazi baba ngabona baninzi kwimisebenzi yokufundisa, kuba babecingelwa ukuba banobubele kwaye bayakwazi ukukhathalela ngakumbi, ngoxa amadoda ayefuna amanye amathuba emisebenzi. Oku kwadala uluvo eluntwini lokuba ukufundisa ngumsebenzi ofaneleke ngakumbi kwabasetyhini.

== Umahluko ngokwesini kwiMfundo ==
Ubuhlanga nodidi loluntu zezinye zeendlela ezinkulu zokungalingani, kodwa ingcinezelo esekelwe kwisini ibiyeyona ibonakala kakhulu ixesha elide.[1] Amantombazana adla ngokungahoywa ngootitshala xa kuthelekiswa namakhwenkwe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimfuno zawo zemfundo zibekwe emva. Oku kubangela ukuba amantombazana asokole kungekuphela nje kwezemfundo, kodwa nakwingqondo.Ngenxa yokungahoywa ngootitshala, amantombazana aba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba neengxaki zokutya, ukudandatheka, ukulahlekelwa kukuzithemba, nokuzonzakalisa. Amanqaku awo ezifundo nawo ayancipha, ngakumbi kwizifundo zesayensi nezemathematika, ezizezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Kananjalo, awafumani ngqalelo rhoqo njengamakhwenkwe afunda nawo. Xa efumana ingqalelo, ayisoloko iluncedo okanye ikhuthaza ngendlela eyakhayo.

Uphononongo lwenkqubela phambili yokufunda phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana aneminyaka eli-15 lubonisa ukuba amantombazana afumana amanqaku aphezulu ekufundeni kunamakhwenkwe, nto leyo eyenza amakhwenkwe abe nenzondo kumantombazana. Ukukhethwa kwemfundo yamakhwenkwe kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kumantombazana ukuba aqhubele phambili aye kwimfundo ephakamileyo, kuba amanqaku ovavanyo lwamakhwenkwe ayawathintela. Nangona amantombazana eqhuba kakuhle, ootitshala abayi kuvumela ukuba amakhwenkwe ashiyelekele kakhulu emva, nto leyo ebangela ukubhaliswa kwabafundi bazo zombini izini kwiikholeji

== Ukufinyeza kunye nokufaka izalathiso ==
 
Ngokwe-''Journal Citation Reports'', le jenali yayine-'''impact factor''' eyi-2.081 ngo-2020, nto leyo eyayiyibeka kwindawo ye-152 kwezili-254 iijenali kudidi lwe-“Education &amp; Educational Research”.[1]

== Iireferensi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Impepho</title>
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      <text bytes="5425" sha1="k3u32533odnjvrfs8rx6beyru45wdv5" xml:space="preserve">'''Impepho''' ligama lesiNtu elisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo (''genus'')i-Helichrysum, ezisetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngeenjongo zenkcubeko, zonyango lwesintu nezokomoya. &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lourens|first=A.C.U.|last2=Viljoen|first2=A.M.|last3=van Heerden|first3=F.R.|year=2008|title=South African ''Helichrysum'' species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry|journal=[[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]]|volume=119|issue=3|pages=630–652|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Manganyi|first=Madira C.|last2=Lebepe|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Buthelezi|first3=Nana Millicent Duduzile|year=2026|title=Bridging ethnobotany and neuro-pharmacology: exploring South Africa's indigenous plants for brain health|journal=[[Frontiers in Natural Products]]|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fntpr.2026.1734095|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idla ngokutshiswa njengesiqhumiso, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Van Wyk|first=Ben-Erik|title=People's plants: a guide to useful plants of Southern Africa|last2=Gericke|first2=Nigel|publisher=[[Briza]]|year=2000|isbn=1875093192|location=Pretoria, South Africa|page=166}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Belani|first=Aviwe|last2=Oladimeji|first2=Kelechi Elizabeth|last3=Hyera|first3=Francis Leonard|last4=Matubatuba|first4=Chrys|last5=Juzang|first5=Ivan J.|year=2022|title=Can the Use of Impepho Leaves Extend beyond Traditional to Modern Medicine? An Opinion|journal=Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1–4|doi=10.25159/2520-5293/11872|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodwa inokusetyenziswa nasekwenzeni isiselo esifakwe emagqabini okanye kwizityalo okanye umxube wezityalo obilisiweyo ngeenjongo zonyango. Ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezaziwa ngokuba yimpepho ziquka ''[[Helichrysum cymosum|iHelichrysum cymosum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum epapposum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum gymnocomum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum natalitium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum nudifolium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum odoratissimum]]'' kunye ne ''Helichrysum petiolare'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot; /&gt;

Igama elithi impepho lisetyenziswa [[IsiXhosa|esiXhoseni]], esithethwa kakhulu [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], ngelixa abathetha [[isiZulu]] abasuka [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]] besebenzisa imphepho. &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot; /&gt;

== Ukusetyenziswa ==
Impepho inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomthandazo, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdvisory-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshiswa kwempepho kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimoya ephilayo kunye nemimoya yezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba umsi wempepho uthwala imithandazo nemiyalezo uyise kwizinyanya kwakunye nokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze isiko okanye umsitho wesintu wenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdgvisory-Impepho6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokutsho kwengcali yezemfundo uMpumelelo Ntshangase weYunivesithi [[I-Yunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala|yaKwaZulu-Natal]], &quot;impepho yindlela yokunxibelelana nezinyanya kwaye kufuneka itshiswe phambi kokuba kwenziwe uninzi lwemisitho... ngaphandle kwemphepho, amasiko esintu akanakwenziwa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wamagqirha, impepho itshiswa ngexesha lokubonisana, kwimibhiyozo yokuqalisa ubungoma,  kwilixa lohlahluba, nakwimisitho yesintu, ngakumbi xa kukholelwa ukuba isinyanya asizolanga okanye sifuna okuthile. &lt;ref name=&quot;GoToGuy-Sangoma2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-05-11|title=Sangomas: Traditional Roles, Initiation and Media Portrayals|url=https://www.thegotoguy.co.za/post/sangomas-traditional-roles-initiation-and-media-portrayals|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=The Go To Guy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba impepho inceda igqirha ukuba libone ngeliso lomoya ukuba yintoni ingxaki yomntu ofuna uncedo.

Esi sityalo sityiwa nazizangoma ezisandula ukuzalwa kwezinye izithethe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phytoalchemy-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 June 2018|title=Imphepho is not a smudge|url=https://phytoalchemy.co.za/2018/06/30/imphepho-is-not-a-smudge/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Phytoalchemy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ELuSuthu|ELesotho]], i-impepho iyatshiswa ukuze kutshiswe amagumbi okugula. &lt;ref name=&quot;SANBI-Helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Helichrysum odoratissimum|url=https://pza.sanbi.org/helichrysum-odoratissimum|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=PlantZAfrica, South African National Biodiversity Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo yolwazi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6764" sha1="keicbcgbybnei4tn4wceqmp910vmvql" xml:space="preserve">'''Impepho''' ligama lesiNtu elisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo (''genus'')i-Helichrysum, ezisetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngeenjongo zenkcubeko, zonyango lwesintu nezokomoya. &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lourens|first=A.C.U.|last2=Viljoen|first2=A.M.|last3=van Heerden|first3=F.R.|year=2008|title=South African ''Helichrysum'' species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry|journal=[[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]]|volume=119|issue=3|pages=630–652|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Manganyi|first=Madira C.|last2=Lebepe|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Buthelezi|first3=Nana Millicent Duduzile|year=2026|title=Bridging ethnobotany and neuro-pharmacology: exploring South Africa's indigenous plants for brain health|journal=[[Frontiers in Natural Products]]|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fntpr.2026.1734095|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idla ngokutshiswa njengesiqhumiso, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Van Wyk|first=Ben-Erik|title=People's plants: a guide to useful plants of Southern Africa|last2=Gericke|first2=Nigel|publisher=[[Briza]]|year=2000|isbn=1875093192|location=Pretoria, South Africa|page=166}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Belani|first=Aviwe|last2=Oladimeji|first2=Kelechi Elizabeth|last3=Hyera|first3=Francis Leonard|last4=Matubatuba|first4=Chrys|last5=Juzang|first5=Ivan J.|year=2022|title=Can the Use of Impepho Leaves Extend beyond Traditional to Modern Medicine? An Opinion|journal=Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1–4|doi=10.25159/2520-5293/11872|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodwa inokusetyenziswa nasekwenzeni isiselo esifakwe emagqabini okanye kwizityalo okanye umxube wezityalo obilisiweyo ngeenjongo zonyango.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Serabele|first1=Khotso|last2=Chen|first2=Weiyang|last3=Tankeu|first3=Sidonie|last4=Combrinck|first4=Sandra|last5=Veale|first5=Clinton G.L.|last6=van Vuuren|first6=Sandy|last7=Chaudhary|first7=Sushil K.|last8=Viljoen|first8=Alvaro|year=2021|title=Comparative chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of two interchangeably used 'Imphepho' species (''Helichrysum odoratissimum'' and ''Helichrysum petiolare'')|journal=[[South African Journal of Botany]]|volume=137|pages=117–132|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.023|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezaziwa ngokuba yimpepho ziquka ''[[Helichrysum cymosum|iHelichrysum cymosum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum epapposum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum gymnocomum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum natalitium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum nudifolium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum odoratissimum]]'' kunye ne ''Helichrysum petiolare'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot; /&gt;

Igama elithi impepho lisetyenziswa [[IsiXhosa|esiXhoseni]], esithethwa kakhulu [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], ngelixa abathetha [[isiZulu]] abasuka [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]] besebenzisa imphepho. &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot; /&gt;

== Ukusetyenziswa ==
Impepho inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomthandazo, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdvisory-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshiswa kwempepho kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimoya ephilayo kunye nemimoya yezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba umsi wempepho uthwala imithandazo nemiyalezo uyise kwizinyanya kwakunye nokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze isiko okanye umsitho wesintu wenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdgvisory-Impepho6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokutsho kwengcali yezemfundo uMpumelelo Ntshangase weYunivesithi [[I-Yunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala|yaKwaZulu-Natal]], &quot;impepho yindlela yokunxibelelana nezinyanya kwaye kufuneka itshiswe phambi kokuba kwenziwe uninzi lwemisitho... ngaphandle kwemphepho, amasiko esintu akanakwenziwa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wamagqirha, impepho itshiswa ngexesha lokubonisana, kwimibhiyozo yokuqalisa ubungoma,  kwilixa lohlahluba, nakwimisitho yesintu, ngakumbi xa kukholelwa ukuba isinyanya asizolanga okanye sifuna okuthile. &lt;ref name=&quot;GoToGuy-Sangoma2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-05-11|title=Sangomas: Traditional Roles, Initiation and Media Portrayals|url=https://www.thegotoguy.co.za/post/sangomas-traditional-roles-initiation-and-media-portrayals|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=The Go To Guy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba impepho inceda igqirha ukuba libone ngeliso lomoya ukuba yintoni ingxaki yomntu ofuna uncedo.

Kwezinye izithethe, impepho ikwatyiwa ngamathwasa, ekwangabo abafundi abaqeqeshelwa ukuba ngamagqirha ngexesha lokwaluka kwabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phytoalchemy-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 June 2018|title=Imphepho is not a smudge|url=https://phytoalchemy.co.za/2018/06/30/imphepho-is-not-a-smudge/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Phytoalchemy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amanye amabandla eMzantsi Afrika afana neBandla lamaNazaretha (iCawa yakwaShembe), adibanise ukusetyenziswa kwempepho nonqulo lobuKristu, apho amalungu ekhuthazwa ukuba ayitshise ngexesha lomthandazo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mashabela|first=James K.|date=23 January 2024|title=Revisiting African Spirituality: A reference to Missiological Institute consultations of 1965 and 1967|journal=HTS Teologiese Studies|volume=80|issue=1|doi=10.4102/hts.v80i2.9022|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IIGSA-Impepho1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibutho Ithongo Impepho Manuscript|url=https://iigsa.co.za/ibutho-ithongo-impepho-manuscript/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Ibutho Ithongo Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ELuSuthu|ELesotho]], impepho iyatshiswa ukuze kutshiselwe amagumbi anabantu abagulayo ngenjongo yokuwacoca ngomsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;SANBI-Helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Helichrysum odoratissimum|url=https://pza.sanbi.org/helichrysum-odoratissimum|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=PlantZAfrica, South African National Biodiversity Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="6823" sha1="2n1vo54hlkrfbzb60u002gjd84ssb8g" xml:space="preserve">'''Impepho''' ligama lesiNtu elisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo (''genus'')i-Helichrysum, ezisetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngeenjongo zenkcubeko, zonyango lwesintu nezokomoya. &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lourens|first=A.C.U.|last2=Viljoen|first2=A.M.|last3=van Heerden|first3=F.R.|year=2008|title=South African ''Helichrysum'' species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry|journal=[[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]]|volume=119|issue=3|pages=630–652|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Manganyi|first=Madira C.|last2=Lebepe|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Buthelezi|first3=Nana Millicent Duduzile|year=2026|title=Bridging ethnobotany and neuro-pharmacology: exploring South Africa's indigenous plants for brain health|journal=[[Frontiers in Natural Products]]|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fntpr.2026.1734095|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idla ngokutshiswa njengesiqhumiso, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Van Wyk|first=Ben-Erik|title=People's plants: a guide to useful plants of Southern Africa|last2=Gericke|first2=Nigel|publisher=[[Briza]]|year=2000|isbn=1875093192|location=Pretoria, South Africa|page=166}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Belani|first=Aviwe|last2=Oladimeji|first2=Kelechi Elizabeth|last3=Hyera|first3=Francis Leonard|last4=Matubatuba|first4=Chrys|last5=Juzang|first5=Ivan J.|year=2022|title=Can the Use of Impepho Leaves Extend beyond Traditional to Modern Medicine? An Opinion|journal=Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1–4|doi=10.25159/2520-5293/11872|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodwa inokusetyenziswa nasekwenzeni isiselo esifakwe emagqabini okanye kwizityalo okanye umxube wezityalo obilisiweyo ngeenjongo zonyango.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Serabele|first1=Khotso|last2=Chen|first2=Weiyang|last3=Tankeu|first3=Sidonie|last4=Combrinck|first4=Sandra|last5=Veale|first5=Clinton G.L.|last6=van Vuuren|first6=Sandy|last7=Chaudhary|first7=Sushil K.|last8=Viljoen|first8=Alvaro|year=2021|title=Comparative chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of two interchangeably used 'Imphepho' species (''Helichrysum odoratissimum'' and ''Helichrysum petiolare'')|journal=[[South African Journal of Botany]]|volume=137|pages=117–132|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.023|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezaziwa ngokuba yimpepho ziquka ''[[Helichrysum cymosum|iHelichrysum cymosum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum epapposum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum gymnocomum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum natalitium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum nudifolium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum odoratissimum]]'' kunye ne ''Helichrysum petiolare'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot; /&gt;

Igama elithi impepho lisetyenziswa [[IsiXhosa|esiXhoseni]], esithethwa kakhulu [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], ngelixa abathetha [[isiZulu]] abasuka [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]] besebenzisa imphepho. &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot; /&gt;

== Ukusetyenziswa ==
Impepho inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomthandazo, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdvisory-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshiswa kwempepho kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimoya ephilayo kunye nemimoya yezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba umsi wempepho uthwala imithandazo nemiyalezo uyise kwizinyanya kwakunye nokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze isiko okanye umsitho wesintu wenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdgvisory-Impepho6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokutsho kwengcali yezemfundo uMpumelelo Ntshangase weYunivesithi [[I-Yunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala|yaKwaZulu-Natal]], &quot;impepho yindlela yokunxibelelana nezinyanya kwaye kufuneka itshiswe phambi kokuba kwenziwe uninzi lwemisitho... ngaphandle kwemphepho, amasiko esintu akanakwenziwa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wamagqirha, impepho itshiswa ngexesha lokubonisana, kwimibhiyozo yokuqalisa ubungoma,  kwilixa lohlahluba, nakwimisitho yesintu, ngakumbi xa kukholelwa ukuba isinyanya asizolanga okanye sifuna okuthile. &lt;ref name=&quot;GoToGuy-Sangoma2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-05-11|title=Sangomas: Traditional Roles, Initiation and Media Portrayals|url=https://www.thegotoguy.co.za/post/sangomas-traditional-roles-initiation-and-media-portrayals|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=The Go To Guy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba impepho inceda igqirha ukuba libone ngeliso lomoya ukuba yintoni ingxaki yomntu ofuna uncedo.

Kwezinye izithethe, impepho ikwatyiwa ngamathwasa, ekwangabo abafundi abaqeqeshelwa ukuba ngamagqirha ngexesha lokwaluka kwabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phytoalchemy-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 June 2018|title=Imphepho is not a smudge|url=https://phytoalchemy.co.za/2018/06/30/imphepho-is-not-a-smudge/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Phytoalchemy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amanye amabandla eMzantsi Afrika afana neBandla lamaNazaretha (iCawa yakwaShembe), adibanise ukusetyenziswa kwempepho nonqulo lobuKristu, apho amalungu ekhuthazwa ukuba ayitshise ngexesha lomthandazo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mashabela|first=James K.|date=23 January 2024|title=Revisiting African Spirituality: A reference to Missiological Institute consultations of 1965 and 1967|journal=HTS Teologiese Studies|volume=80|issue=1|doi=10.4102/hts.v80i2.9022|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IIGSA-Impepho1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibutho Ithongo Impepho Manuscript|url=https://iigsa.co.za/ibutho-ithongo-impepho-manuscript/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Ibutho Ithongo Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ELuSuthu|ELesotho]], impepho iyatshiswa ukuze kutshiselwe amagumbi anabantu abagulayo ngenjongo yokuwacoca ngomsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;SANBI-Helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Helichrysum odoratissimum|url=https://pza.sanbi.org/helichrysum-odoratissimum|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=PlantZAfrica, South African National Biodiversity Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
IStellenbosch Footbaal Club liqela lebhola elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kkodluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. EStellebosch eliliqela lokuqala kwi-Premier Soccer League kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye lathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.


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      <timestamp>2026-09-23T09:56:22Z</timestamp>
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        <id>16585</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370547631|Stellenbosch F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |I-Stellenbosch F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Igama elipheleleyo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Iqela leBhola ekhatywayo laseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Amagama okubiza
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |UStellies AmaMaron&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |I-Funded
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 Agasti 2016&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; (3 Agasti 2016)  &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(Agasti 3, 2016) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umhlaba
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Danie Craven Stadium, Stellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |16, 000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Iqela
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[South African Premiership|I-South African Premier League]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |9th of 16
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |IWebhsayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
IStellenbosch Footbaal Club liqela lebhola elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kkodluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. EStellebosch eliliqela lokuqala kwi-Premier Soccer League kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye lathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.

Eli qela laphumelela iNational First Division ngo-2019, lazuzua ukunyuselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu okokuqala kule nkuqobo, kunye neCarling Knockout Cup ka-2023, apho iqela laba lelokuqala ukutshabalalisa ukhuphiswano oluhluziweyo. IStellenbosch ikhe yakhuphisan kabaini kwiContinental i-CAF Conferderation Cup kwaye yafikelela kwisigaba sesigqibela sokugqibela sokhuphiswano ekobanakaleni kwayo okukuqala kukhuphiswano ngonykaka ka-2024-25

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      <parentid>42072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-23T09:56:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bynate</username>
        <id>16585</id>
      </contributor>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |I-Stellenbosch F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Igama elipheleleyo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Iqela leBhola ekhatywayo laseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Amagama okubiza
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |UStellies AmaMaron&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |I-Funded
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 Agasti 2016&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; (3 Agasti 2016)  &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(Agasti 3, 2016) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umhlaba
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Danie Craven Stadium, Stellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |16, 000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Iqela
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[South African Premiership|I-South African Premier League]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |9th of 16
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |IWebhsayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |IStellenbosch FC
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Igama eliphelele
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | Iklabhu yeBhola ekhatywayo yaseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iziteketiso
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; | IiStellies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; IiMaroon
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Yasekwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 3 Agasti 2016 &lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( &lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;nge-3 ka-Agasti 2016&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Emhlabeni
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; | [[Danie Craven Stadium]], [[Stellenbosch]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;558&quot;&gt;[https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ &quot;Home Venues: Stellenbosch Football Club&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;559&quot;&gt;Stellenbosch Football Club. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;560&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190705133313/https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ Archived] from the original on 5 July 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;561&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 16,000 &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/psl/stellenbosch-fc-to-play-home-games-at-historic-danie-craven-stadium-4d0997f8-82ec-4728-a552-1d8f2953e8c7 &quot;Stellenbosch FC to play home games at historic Danie Craven Stadium&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; | [[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iligi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[South African Premiership|IPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | [[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 9 kwi-16
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iwebhusayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt; 
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|- class=&quot;infobox-data&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Away colours|Imibala engaphandle]]''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|- style=&quot;display:none&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
IStellenbosch Footbaal Club liqela lebhola elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kkodluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. EStellebosch eliliqela lokuqala kwi-Premier Soccer League kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye lathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.

Eli qela laphumelela iNational First Division ngo-2019, lazuzua ukunyuselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu okokuqala kule nkuqobo, kunye neCarling Knockout Cup ka-2023, apho iqela laba lelokuqala ukutshabalalisa ukhuphiswano oluhluziweyo. IStellenbosch ikhe yakhuphisan kabaini kwiContinental i-CAF Conferderation Cup kwaye yafikelela kwisigaba sesigqibela sokugqibela sokhuphiswano ekobanakaleni kwayo okukuqala kukhuphiswano ngonykaka ka-2024-25

I</text>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |I-Stellenbosch F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Igama elipheleleyo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Iqela leBhola ekhatywayo laseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Amagama okubiza
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |UStellies AmaMaron&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |I-Funded
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 Agasti 2016&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; (3 Agasti 2016)  &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(Agasti 3, 2016) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umhlaba
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Danie Craven Stadium, Stellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |16, 000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Iqela
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[South African Premiership|I-South African Premier League]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |9th of 16
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |IWebhsayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |IStellenbosch FC
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Igama eliphelele
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | Iklabhu yeBhola ekhatywayo yaseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iziteketiso
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; | IiStellies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; IiMaroon
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Yasekwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 3 Agasti 2016 &lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( &lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;nge-3 ka-Agasti 2016&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Emhlabeni
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; | [[Danie Craven Stadium]], [[Stellenbosch]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;558&quot;&gt;[https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ &quot;Home Venues: Stellenbosch Football Club&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;559&quot;&gt;Stellenbosch Football Club. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;560&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190705133313/https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ Archived] from the original on 5 July 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;561&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 16,000 &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/psl/stellenbosch-fc-to-play-home-games-at-historic-danie-craven-stadium-4d0997f8-82ec-4728-a552-1d8f2953e8c7 &quot;Stellenbosch FC to play home games at historic Danie Craven Stadium&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; | [[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iligi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[South African Premiership|IPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | [[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 9 kwi-16
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iwebhusayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt; 
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|- class=&quot;infobox-data&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Away colours|Imibala engaphandle]]''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|- style=&quot;display:none&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
IStellenbosch Footbaal Club liqela lebhola elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kkodluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. EStellebosch eliliqela lokuqala kwi-Premier Soccer League kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye lathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.

Eli qela laphumelela iNational First Division ngo-2019, lazuzua ukunyuselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu okokuqala kule nkuqobo, kunye neCarling Knockout Cup ka-2023, apho iqela laba lelokuqala ukutshabalalisa ukhuphiswano oluhluziweyo. IStellenbosch ikhe yakhuphisan kabaini kwiContinental i-CAF Conferderation Cup kwaye yafikelela kwisigaba sesigqibela sokugqibela sokhuphiswano ekobanakaleni kwayo okukuqala kukhuphiswano ngonykaka ka-2024-25</text>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |I-Stellenbosch F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Igama elipheleleyo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Iqela leBhola ekhatywayo laseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Amagama okubiza
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |UStellies AmaMaron&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |I-Funded
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 Agasti 2016&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; (3 Agasti 2016)  &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(Agasti 3, 2016) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umhlaba
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Danie Craven Stadium, Stellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |16, 000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Iqela
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[South African Premiership|I-South African Premier League]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |9th of 16
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |IWebhsayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |IStellenbosch FC
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Igama eliphelele
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | Iklabhu yeBhola ekhatywayo yaseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iziteketiso
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; | IiStellies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; IiMaroon
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Yasekwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 3 Agasti 2016 &lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3B;&amp;#x20;Kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;( &lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;nge-3 ka-Agasti 2016&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Emhlabeni
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; | [[Danie Craven Stadium]], [[Stellenbosch]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;558&quot;&gt;[https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ &quot;Home Venues: Stellenbosch Football Club&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;559&quot;&gt;Stellenbosch Football Club. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;560&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190705133313/https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ Archived] from the original on 5 July 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;561&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 16,000 &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/psl/stellenbosch-fc-to-play-home-games-at-historic-danie-craven-stadium-4d0997f8-82ec-4728-a552-1d8f2953e8c7 &quot;Stellenbosch FC to play home games at historic Danie Craven Stadium&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; | [[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iligi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | [[South African Premiership|IPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | [[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 9 kwi-16
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; | Iwebhusayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt; 
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|- class=&quot;infobox-data&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; '''[[Away colours|Imibala engaphandle]]''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|- style=&quot;display:none&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
IStellenbosch Footbaal Club liqela lebhola elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kkodluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. EStellebosch eliliqela lokuqala kwi-Premier Soccer League kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye lathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.

Eli qela laphumelela iNational First Division ngo-2019, lazuzua ukunyuselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu okokuqala kule nkuqobo, kunye neCarling Knockout Cup ka-2023, apho iqela laba lelokuqala ukutshabalalisa ukhuphiswano oluhluziweyo. IStellenbosch ikhe yakhuphisan kabaini kwiContinental i-CAF Conferderation Cup kwaye lafikelela kwisigaba sesigqibela sokugqibela sokhuphiswano ekobanakaleni kwayo okukuqala kukhuphiswano ngonykaka ka-2024-25</text>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |I-Stellenbosch F.C.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Igama elipheleleyo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Iqela leBhola ekhatywayo laseStellenbosch
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Amagama okubiza
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |UStellies AmaMaron&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |I-Funded
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 Agasti 2016&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; (3 Agasti 2016)  &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(Agasti 3, 2016) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umhlaba
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Danie Craven Stadium|Ibala likaDanie Craven]], [[Stellenbosch|I-Stellenbosch]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;558&quot;&gt;[https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ &quot;Home Venues: Stellenbosch Football Club&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;559&quot;&gt;Stellenbosch Football Club. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;560&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190705133313/https://www.stellenboschfc.com/about/home-venues/ Archived] from the original on 5 July 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;561&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umthamo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |16,000&lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/psl/stellenbosch-fc-to-play-home-games-at-historic-danie-craven-stadium-4d0997f8-82ec-4728-a552-1d8f2953e8c7 &quot;Stellenbosch FC to play home games at historic Danie Craven Stadium&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Umqeqeshi
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Gavin Hunt|UGavin Hunt]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Iqela
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[South African Premiership|I-South African Premier League]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2025–26 South African Premiership|2025–26]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |9th of 16
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |IWebhsayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[http://stellenboschfc.com stellenboschfc.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #e6c200;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #a11b1b;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Imibala yasekhaya]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body_boca-mercosur98.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm_claretborder.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_band_claret.png|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Away colours|Imibala elahlekileyo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; background-color: #800000; color: #ffffff; border:1px solid #800000; text-align:center;&quot; |Amacandelo asebenza eStellenbosch F.C.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''Ibhola ekhatywayo (yamadoda)''' 
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ibhola ekhatywayo (yeBhinqa) 
|}
I-Stellenbosch Football Club liqela lebhola ekhatywayo elise Stellenbosch, eMzantsi Afrika. Yasekwa ngo-2016 emva kokudluliselwa kweVasco da Gama F.C. eStellenbosch, le nklabhu yeyona qela lokuqala I-Premier Soccer League evela kwingingqi yaseCape Winelands kwaye yathunyelwa kwiPremiership yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-2019. Iqela lokuqala lidlala imidlalo yalo yasekhaya kwibala laseDanie Craven.

Eli qela laphumelela iNational First Division ngo-2019, lazuza ukunyuselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu okokuqala kule nkqubo, kunye neCarling Knockout Cup ka-2023, apho iqela laba ziintshatsheli zokuqala kolo khuphiswano luhlaziyiweyo. I-Stellenbosch ikhe yakhuphisana kabini kwi-Continental I-CAF Confederation Cup kwaye lafikelela kwisigaba sesigqibela sokugqibela sokhuphiswano ekubonakaleni kwayo kokuqala kweli qela ngexesha le-2024-25. 

== Imbali ==
I-Stellenbosch Football Club yasekwa kweyeThupha ngo 2016 xa iKomiti yoLawulo ye-Premier Soccer League ivume isicelo seqela leDivision yokuqala yelizwe, uVasco Da Gama sokutshintsha igama emva kokutshintshwa kweqela ukusuka i-Parow ukuya kwiStellenbosch Academy of Sport (SAS) eStellenbosch.

USammy Troughton wamiselwa njengomqeqeshi oyintloko kwaye umdlalo wokuqala weNational First Division kaStellies wadlalwa ngomhla wama-28 kweyeThupha ngo-2016 xa iqela lalibethwa ngamanqaku amaThathu kwelinye yiMthatha Bucks, kunye noStanley Muishond owafaka inqaku lokuqala leqembu ngexesha lomlo. Le nkampani yaphela ixesha layo lokuqala kwindawo yesithathu kwimisebenzi ye-log, yafumana indawo yokugqibela yokunyuswa / yokudlula kwi-playoff ngamanqaku, kodwa ekugqibeleni yaphoswa kukunyuswa ngexesha le-mini league elandelayo. 

Emva komzamo ongaphumelelanga wokufumana ukunyuswa, iqela lahlula iTrooughton kwaye lambuyisela USteve Barker, owayemiselwe njengomqeqeshi ongumncedisi phakathi kweli xesha lonyaka. Iqela emva koko labhalwa irekhodi elihlukanisiweyo le-10 yempumelelo, i-10 elinganayo, kunye ne-10 ilahleko ukufikelela kwindawo yesibhozo kwiligi, ngaloo ndlela lingakwazi ukufanelekela i-playoffs. Oku ekugqibeleni kwaholela kutshintsho lobunikazi kweyeThupha ngo-2018 xa i-Stellenbosch Academy of Sport, ephethwe yi-billionaire UJohann Rupert's I-Remgro, yathenga iklabhu ukuvula ixesha elitsha.
[[File:Angelo_Kerspuy_of_Stellenbosch_F.C._lifts_the_2018-19_National_First_Division_Trophy.jpg|left|thumb|UAngelo Kerspuy weStellenbosch F.C. uphakamise indebe yeNdima yokuqala yelizwe ka-2018-19.]]
Kwixesha elilandelayo, iqela likaBarker lafumana ukunyuselwa kwiPremiership, eyona ndawo iphambili kwibhola yaseMzantsi Afrika, njengeqela leqela leDivision First emva kokubhala umlo ongenasiphelo ngo-0-0 nxamnye neMaccabi FC ngomhla wokugqibela wephulo. I-Stellenbosch yaqala iphulo layo lokuqala lePremiership ngokuthelekisa ngaphandle kwegoli I-Chippa United, ngaphambi kokuba iphele ixesha lesizini kwindawo ye-10 kunyaka owaphazamiseka kwaye uchaphazeleka yindyikitya yokufa ye-COVID-19.

Kwixesha elilandelayo, iqela laqala ukudlala imidlalo yasekhaya kwiDanie Craven Stadium, esetyenziselwa umbala werugby, apho lidlale khona uninzi lwemidlalo yalo ukusukela ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha lihlala kwi-Athlone Stadium IKapa. I-Stellenbosch yaze yafika kwindawo ye-14 kwimisebenzi yasekhaya ka-2020-21, indawo ye-4 kwimisebenzi yeqela ngexesha le-2021-22, ngaloo ndlela yafaneleka okokuqala ukhuphisana kwimidlalo ye-I-MTN 8, kunye ne-6th kumjikelo ka-2022-23. NgoDisemba 2023, iqela laphumelela ukhuphiswano lwayo lokuqala lweNdebe emva kokugqitywa njengengqwelwana yokuqala ICarling Knockout emva kokuphumelela kwe-penalty shootout kwI-TS Galaxy kwi Moses Mabhida Stadium eThekwini.  Ngo-Aprili 2025 iStellenbosch FC yenza imbali ngokufikelela kwisiqingatha sokugqibela seCaf Confederation Cup ka-2024-25, iphumelele iqela lebhola ekhatywayo laseYiputa iZamalek SC nge-1-0 eCairo.

Igosa eliyintloko lokusebenza kwiklabhu, uRob Benadie uthe &quot;Igama elithi 'Stellenbosch FC' libonisa injongo yethu yokudala iklabhu emele uluntu lwaseCape Winelands. Sisendleleni yokwakha into ekhethekileyo, kwaye sifuna ukuhamba nalo luntu.&quot;  Incochoyi yeklabhu ineediliya ezininzi, njengoko iStellenbosch ikwiCape Winelands District Municipality . 

== Iqela langoku ==
{{updated|21 August 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/south-africa/vasco-da-gama/10763/squad/|title=Stellenbosch FC&amp;nbsp;– Squad|website=Soccerway|accessdate=10 April 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410200725/https://int.soccerway.com/teams/south-africa/vasco-da-gama/10763/squad/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Iimbeko ==
[[File:Stellenbosch_FC_players_celebrate_winning_the_2023_Carling_Knockout_trophy.jpg|thumb|I-Stellenbosch FC ibhiyozela ukuphumelela iCarlings Knockout trophy ka-2023.]]

* '''Iqela lokuqala leSizwe'''
** Abaphumeleleyo (1): 2018-19&lt;ref name=&quot;NFD&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ditlhobolo|first=Austin|date=5 May 2019|title=Stellenbosch FC secure promotion to PSL after clinching NFD title|publisher=Goal|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/stellenbosch-fc-secure-promotion-to-psl-after-clinching-nfd-title/12ef87xmrunc11q8q6z3ccgmmf|access-date=20 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''I-Carling Knockout Cup'''
** Abaphumeleleyo (1): 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;carl_2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Modiba|first=Katlego|date=16 December 2023|title=Stellenbosch make history to claim Carling Knockout|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/stellenbosch-make-history-claim-carling-knockout/|accessdate=17 December 2023|website=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''I-MTN 8'''
** Abaphumeleleyo (2): 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sherman|first=Michael|date=5 October 2024|title=Moment of referee madness helps Orlando Pirates beat Stellenbosch FC to MTN8 title|publisher=Independent Online|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/psl/moment-of-referee-madness-helps-orlando-pirates-beat-stellenbosch-fc-to-mtn8-title-e4b92e20-e5af-472b-9a19-c50d8b985e84|access-date=15 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Raphael|date=13 September 2025|title=Steve Barker Explains Why Stellenbosch FC Lost to Orlando Pirates in MTN8 Final – Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/sports/football/224315-steve-barker-explains-stellenbosch-fc-lost-orlando-pirates-mtn8-final/|accessdate=14 September 2025|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iinkonzo (U-23) ===

* '''Umceli mngeni weDStv Diski'''
** Abaphumeleleyo (2): 2021-22,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=14 May 2022|title=Stellenbosch crowned Diski Challenge champions|publisher=SuperSport|url=https://supersport.com/football/wta/news/45082af6-9d3a-4003-b90b-56ffdfb6d578/stellenbosch-crowned-diski-challenge-champions|access-date=22 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2023-24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=11 May 2024|title=Stellenbosch are two-times DStv Diski Challenge champions!|publisher=SuperSport|url=https://supersport.com/football/dstv-diski-challenge/news/923c80a9-ace7-4c53-9c1e-1e6b57a5339c/stellenbosch-are-two-times-dstv-diski-challenge-champions-|access-date=14 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''I-Premier League Next Gen Cup'''
** Abaphumeleleyo (2): 2022, 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 July 2022|title=Stellies thump Leicester to win Next Generation Cup|url=https://supersport.com/football/dstv-diski-challenge/news/5b042b16-1d3d-433e-b98e-12266de9655e/stellies_thump_leicester_to_win_next_generation_cup|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329083026/https://supersport.com/favicon.ico?v=xQd4x5levN|archive-date=29 March 2023|accessdate=29 March 2023|website=Super Sport|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Abaphumeleleyo (1): 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=26 May 2023|title=U19 report: Stellenbosch 1–1 Wolves (4–5 pens)|publisher=Wolverhampton Wanderers|url=https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/academy/20230526-u19-report-stellenbosch-1-1-wolves-4-5-pens/|access-date=20 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ingxelo yeligi ===

==== Iqela lokuqala leSizwe ====

* 2016-17 - 3rd&amp;nbsp;
* 2017-18 - 8th&amp;nbsp;
* 2018-19 - 1st (kukhuthazwa) &amp;nbsp;

==== Ubume beNdlu yowiso-mthetho ====
 

== Umdlali Wonyaka ==
{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Umphumeleleyo
|-
|2019
|[[Iqraam Rayners|U-Iqraam Rayners]]
|-
|2020
|[[Robyn Johannes|URobyn Johannes]]
|-
|2021
|[[Deano van Rooyen|UDeano van Rooyen]]
|-
|2022
|[[Zitha Kwinika|UZitha Kwinika]]
|-
|2023
|[[Júnior Mendieta|UJunior Mendieta]]
|-
|2024
|[[Iqraam Rayners|U-Iqraam Rayners]] (2) 
|-
|2025
|[[Fawaaz Basadien|UFawaaz Basadien]]
|-
|}
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>s219oprlhmu2ezxt1uxwsorclknmj2c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ithiyetha yeGrisi yamandulo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>42071</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-23T09:46:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Queenharvey</username>
        <id>16588</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372186269|Theatre of ancient Greece]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>42071</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19660" sha1="ovz2wmu2o2fh4kpg4er9qls68k86iwy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Greek_-_Actor_-_Walters_541067.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso wobhedu womdlali weqonga wamaGrike, ukususela ngo-150 ukuya ku-100 BC. Imaski engaphantsi kwamehlo nempumlo ibonisa ukuba lo mntu ungumdlali weqonga. Unxibe ikepusi ekhonkrithi yendoda kodwa enxibe iimpahla zobufazi, elandela isiko lamaGrike lokuba amadoda adlale indima yabafazi. Kamva, abafazi abangamakhoboka baziswa ukuze badlale abalinganiswa abangamabhinqa abancinci nakwimidlalo ehlekisayo.]]
Inkcubeko yeqonga yaphumelela eGrisi yamandulo ukususela ngo 700BC. Embinidini wayo kwakho isixeko sizwe saseAthene, esaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko, ezopolitiko, nezokholo ngelo xesha kwaye iqonga lamiselwa apho njengenxalenye yomthendeleko obizwa ngokuba yiDionysia owawuhlunipha uThixo uDionysus. Iintlekele (ekupheleni kuka 500BC), ihlekiso (490BC), kunye nomdlalo wesatyr zezona ntlobo zinthathu zedrama ezavela apho. iAthene yathumela lo mthendeleko kwiikholoni zayo ezinizi. Iqonga laseNtshona lanamhlanje livela kakhulu kwiqonga laseGrisi yamandulo, apho lithatha amagama ezobugcisa , ukwahlulwa kweentlobo kunye nezihloko ezinizi zalo, abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo kunye nezinto zesiqendu. 

== Etymology ==
Igama elithi τραγῳδία  , lisuka kwigama elithi &quot; intlekele &quot; livela khona, liyindibaniselwano yamagama amabini esiGrike : τράγος   okanye &quot;ibhokhwe&quot; kunye no ᾠδή   elithetha &quot;ingoma&quot;, lisuka ku ἀείδειν. 

Le ntsingiselo yemvelaphi yeli gama ibonisa unxulumano nezithethe zonqulo lwamaDionyus amandulo. Nagona kunjanlo, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le masiko okuzala aba sisiseko njani sentlekele kunye nomdlalo ohlekisayo.
[[File:The_great_theater_of_Epidaurus,_designed_by_Polykleitos_the_Younger_in_the_4th_century_BC,_Sanctuary_of_Asklepeios_at_Epidaurus,_Greece_(14015010416).jpg|thumb| Umbono wethiyetha yamandulo e -Epidaurus, ethathwa nguPausanias njengeyona ibalaseleyo eGrisi. ]]
AmaGrike amandulo ayewaxabisa amandla elizwi elithethwayo, kwaye yayiyindlela yawo ephambili yokunxibelelana nokubalisa amabali. uBahn noBahn babhala besithi, &quot;KumaGrike, ilizwi elithethwayo laliyinto ephilayo kwaye lalithandwa kakhulu kuneempawu zolwimi olubhaliweyo ezingasekhoyo.&quot; uSocrates ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuba xa into ibhaliwe phantsi, ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo okutshintsha nokukhula. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, ukubaliswa kwamabali ngomlomo kwanda eGrisi. 

Intleke yaseGrisi,njengoko kwaziwa kwayo yadalwa eAthene malunga no532BC, xa uThespis wayengumlingisi wokuqala okhankanyiweyo. Njengomphumeleli wokhuphiswano lokuqala lweqonga olabanjwa eAthene, wayengumexarchon okanye inkokeli, yeedithyrambs ezazidlalwa ngaphakathi ngaphandle kweAttica, ngakumbi kwiLali iDionysia. Ngexasha likeThesis, idithyramb yayisele ikude kakhulu kwiingcambu zenkolo yayo. Phantsi kwempembelelo yeepic yobugorha, iDoric choral lyric kunye nezinto ezintsha zembongi uArion, yaba luhlobo lwamabhali, olufana neebhaladi. Ngenxa yoku, uThespis udla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguMqulunqi weNtekele; nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwakhe kuyaxoxwa, kwaye uThespis ngamanye amaxesha uluhlu lwakhe lubekwa kude njenge 16th kulandelewano lwexesha lababhali beentlekele zaseGrisi; umphathiswa uSolon, umzekelo, unikwa udumo lokudala imibongo apho abalinganiswa bethetha ngezwi labo, kwaye imidlalo ethethwayo yeEpics zikaHomer ngabarhapsodes yayithandwa kwimibhiyozo ngaphambili ko 534BC. Ngoko ke, igalelo likaThespis kumdala weqonga alicacanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa igama lakhe linikezwe ubomi obude ngesiNgesi njengelithi eliqhelekileyo lomdali oko kukuthi &quot;thespian&quot;.

Imidlalo yeqonga yayibalulekile kumaAthene okukubonakala ngokwenziwa kokhuphiswano lweentlekele kunye nomthendeleko kwiSixeko iDionyisia (okanye iGreat Dionysia). Lo mthendeleko walungiselelwa mhlawubi ukukhuthaza ukunyaniseka phakathi kweentlanga  zaseAttica (ezisandula ukwenziwa nguCleisthenes). Umthendeleko wadalwa malunga no508BC. Nangona kungabikho mibhalo yeqonga abakhuphisana abathathu ngaphandle kukaThespis ayaziwa: uChoerilus, uPratinas, kunye noPhrynichus. Ngamanye unikwa udumo ngezinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo kwicandelo.

Kukho ulwazi oluthile oluyaziwayo ngoPhrynichus. Waphumelela ukhuphiswano lwakhe lokuqala phakathi kowama-511 BC nowama-508 BC. Wavelisa iintlekele kwimixholo kunye nezihloko zasetyenziswa kamva kwiXesha leGolide ezifana ''neeDanaids'', ''Abafazi bePhoenician'' kunye ''neeAlcestis'' . Wayeyimbongi yokuqala esiyaziyo ukusebenzisa umxholo wembali - incwadi yakhe ''ethi Ukuwa kweMileto'', eyabhalwa ngo-493-2, yabhala ngesiphelo sedolophu yaseMileto emva kokuba yoyisiwe ngamaPersi. UHerodotus uxela ukuba “ama-Athene acacisa intlungu yawo enzulu ngokuthathwa kukaMileto ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ingakumbi kule nto: xa uPhrynichus wabhala umdlalo weqonga obizwa ngokuba kukwawaza wawuvelisa, yonke imidlalo yeqonga yalila; bamhlawulisa uPhrynichus iwaka leedrachmas ngokukhumbuza intlekele eyabachaphazela ngokobuqu kwaye yathintela ukwenziwa kwalo mdlalo ngonaphakade.” Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba ungowokuqala ukusebenzisa abalinganiswa abangabasetyhini (nangona kungengabo abadlali abangabasetyhini). Kude kube lixesha lamaGrike, zonke iintlekele zaziziingoma ezikhethekileyo ezibhalwe ukuzukisa uDionysus kwaye zidlalwa kube kanye kuphela; into ekhoyo namhlanje ziingoma ezazisakhunjulwa kakuhle ukuba ziphinde zaphindwa xa ukuphindaphindwa kweentlekele zakudala kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo (iingozi zokusinda, kunye neencasa zobuqu zabagcini beencwadi bamaGrike kamva kwimbali yamaGrike, nazo zadlala indima kwinto eyasindayo kweli xesha). 

== Izinto ezintsha eziqanjwe ngexesha leklasikhi ==
[[File:Athen_Akropolis_(18512008726).jpg|left|thumb| Ithiyetha kaDionysus]]
Emva kokutshayalaliswa kweAthene ngamaAchaemenid ngo480BC, , idolophu kunye ne-acropolis zakhiwa kwakhona, kwaye iqonga yamiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye yaba yinxalenye enkulu yenkcubeko yaseAthene kunye nokuzingca ngoluntu. Le nkulungwane idla ngokujongwa njengeXesha leGolide ledrama yamaGrike. Eyona nto iphambili kwiDionysia yonyaka, eyayiba kanye ebusika nakanye entwasahlobo, yayilukhuphiswano phakathi kwababhali bemidlalo abathathu ababuhlungu kwiThiyeta yeDionysus. Ngamnye wabo wathumela iintlekele ezintathu, kunye nomdlalo weqonga ohlekisayo (uhlobo lwencwadi yamahlaya, ehlekisayo yesihloko sentsomi). Ukususela kukhuphiswano lokuqala ngo-486 BC, wonke umdlali weqonga wathumela ihlaya. uAristotle wathi uAeschylus wongeza umdlali wesibini ( deuteragonist), kwaye uSophocles wazisa owesithathu ( tritagonist ). Ngokusekelwe koko kwaziwayo ngemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike, ababhali bemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike abazange basebenzise abadlali abangaphezu kwesithathu.

ngokupheleleyo, kwaye akukho midlalo eyakhe yadibanisa izinto ezimbini. Imidlalo yesatyr yayijongana nezihloko zeentsomi ezazisetyenziswa kwiintlekele, kodwa ngendlela ehlekisayo ngokupheleleyo. 

== Ixesha lesiGrike ==
[[File:Relief_with_Menander_and_New_Comedy_Masks_-_Princeton_Art_Museum.jpg|thumb| Umfanekiso wamaRoma, wamaRiphabliki okanye woBukhosi bokuqala wembongi ehleli phantsi ( uMenander ) enxibe iimaski zeNew Comedy, ngenkulungwane yoku-1 BC. – ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yoku-1 AD, iMyuziyam yoBugcisa kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton]]
Amandla aseAthene ehla emva kokoyiswa kwawo kwiMfazwe yasePeloponnesian nxamnye neSparta . Ukususela ngelo xesha, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga yaqala ukwenza iintlekele zakudala kwakhona. Nangona izithethe zayo zemidlalo yeqonga zibonakala ngathi ziphelelwe ngamandla, imidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike yaqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwixesha lamaGrike (ixesha elalandela ukoyisa kuka Alexander Omkhulu kwinkulungwane yesine BC).

Uhlobo oluphambili lwemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike yayingeyonto ibuhlungu kodwa yayiyiNew Comedy, iziqephu ezihlekisayo malunga nobomi babemi abaqhelekileyo. Umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga kuphela okhoyo ngelo xesha nguMenander . Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiNew Comedy yayiyimpembelelo yayo kwihlaya lamaRoma, impembelelo enokubonwa kwimisebenzi esele ikhona kaPlautus noTerence .

== Uyilo lwezakhiwo ==
[[File:Acropolis_amphitheatre_of_Pergamon_(2020).jpg|left|thumb| Ithiyetha yasePergamon, enye yezona thiyetha zinzulu ehlabathini, inokuthwala abantu abayi-10,000 kwaye yakhiwa kwinkulungwane yesi-3 BC.]]
Uninzi lwezixeko zamaGreek amandulo lwalusezindulini okanye kufuphi nazo, ngoko ke izihlalo zazakhiwa ngokubanzi kumathambeka eenduli, zivelisa indawo yokubukela yendalo eyaziwa ngokuba yitheatron (ngokuthetha indawo yokubona). Kwiidolophu ezingenazo iinduli ezifanekileyo, kwakubekelwa umhlaba. Emazantsi enduli kwakukho indawo ethe tyaba, ngokuqhelekileyo ejikeleze, yokudlala enobubanzi obuphakathi be78feet ubude (24m), eyaziwa ngokuba yiOrchestra (ngokuthetha indawo yokudanisa) apho ikhorasi yabantu abamalungu ne12 ukuya ku15 yayidlala imidlalo enezibongo ezibizwa ngokuba ziparodoi okanye esiodoi, apho abalingisi kunye namalungu ekhorasi bebengena kwaye baphume kwiorchestra. Kwamanye amaqonga emva kwe orchestra, kwakukho umva okanye udonga oluyimbonakalo olwaziwa ngokuba yiskene.

=== ''I-Theatron'' ===
[[File:Ancient_Greek_theatre_in_Delos_01.jpg|thumb| Ithiyetha yamandulo yamaGrike eDelos]]
I {{Transl|grc|theatron}} yayiyindawo yokuhlala, eyakhiwe njengenduli ukuze idale indawo yokubukela yendalo. Izihlalo zokuqala kwiithiyetha zamaGrike (ngaphandle kokuhlala phantsi nje) zazizezomthi, kodwa malunga nowama-499 BC, umkhwa wokufaka iibhloko zamatye ecaleni kwenduli ukuze kubekho izihlalo ezihlala zihleli nezizinzileyo waba yinto eqhelekileyo. Babebizwa ngokuba {{Transl|grc|prohedra}} kwaye babegcinelwe ababingeleli kunye nabanye abemi abahlonitshwayo. I- {{Transl|grc|diazoma}} yahlula iindawo zokuhlala eziphezulu nezisezantsi.

=== {{Transl|hrc|Skené}} ===
Emva kwama-465 BC, ababhali bemidlalo baqala ukusebenzisa udonga olungasemva okanye olunembonakalo entle, olubizwa ngokuba yiskene (apho igama elithi ''scene'' livela khona), olwaluxhonywe okanye lumi emva kwe-orchestra kwaye lwalukwasebenza njengendawo apho abadlali babenokutshintsha khona iimpahla zabo. Emva kowama-425 BC udonga lwesakhiwo selitye, olubizwa ngokuba yi- {{Transl|grc|paraskenia}}, lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo yokongeza kwi {{Transl|grc|skené}} . I {{Transl|grc|paraskenia}} yayiludonga olude olunamacala avelelayo, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba lwaluneminyango yokungena kunye neyokuphuma. Emva nje {{Transl|grc|paraskenia}} kwakukho {{Transl|grc|proskenion}} (&quot;phambi kwendawo&quot;), efana neproscenium yanamhlanje. Indlu ephezulu yayibizwa ngokuba yi- {{Transl|grc|episkenion}} . Amanye amaqonga emidlalo ayenendawo yokuthetha ephakamileyo kwi-orchestra ebizwa ngokuba yi- {{Transl|grc|logeion}} . Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-5 BC, malunga nexesha leMfazwe yasePeloponnesian, i {{Transl|grc|skené}} yayineemigangatho emibini ephakamileyo.

=== I-orkhestra ===
[[File:Delphi_Composite.jpg|thumb| Ithiyetha Yamandulo yaseDelphi]]
I-orchestra yayiyindawo engqukuva ezantsi kwe-theatron apho ikwayara kunye nabadlali babedlala khona; eli gama lithetha &quot;indawo yokudanisa&quot;, njengoko nekwayara yayidansa nakwiixesha zokuqala.  Ekubeni yayingavulwanga ekuqaleni, imidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike kamva yayiza kudibanisa iqonga eliphakamileyo ukuze kube lula ukuyibukela. Olu qheliselo lwaluza kuqheleka emva kokufika kwe-&quot;umdlo uhlekisayo umtsha&quot; eyayiquka ukubonakaliswa okumangalisayo kwabalinganiswa ngabanye. I ''-coryphaeus'' yayililungu eliyintloko lekwayara, elalinokungena ebalini njengomlinganiswa okwaziyo ukusebenzisana nabalinganiswa bomdlalo. Imidlalo yayidla ngokuqala kusasa ize iqhubeke de kube ngokuhlwa.

=== I-Acoustics ===
Iithiyetha zakhiwe ngobukhulu obukhulu ukuze zikwazi ukuhlalisa inani elikhulu labadlali eqongeni nakubaphulaphuli—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 000  . Ifiziksi kunye nezibalo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwezi theatre, njengoko abayili bazo kwakufuneka bakwazi ukwenza i-acoustic kuzo ukuze amazwi abadlali aviwe kuyo yonke itheatre, kuquka nomqolo ophezulu wezihlalo. Ukuqonda kwesiGrike i-acoustics kuthelekiswa kakuhle kakhulu nemeko yangoku yobugcisa.  .

=== Indawo ezintle ===
Kwakukho izinto ezininzi ezintle ezazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike:

* ''i-mechane'', i- crane yokuphakamisa umdlali ukuze amele ukubhabha (ngoko ke, ''i-deus ex machina'' )
* ''ekkyklêma'', iqonga elinamavili elidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukutyhila abalinganiswa abafileyo kubaphulaphuli
* ''iipinake'', imifanekiso exhonywe ukudala imbonakalo entle
* ''i-thyromata'', imifanekiso enzima ngakumbi eyakhelwe kwindawo yesibini (inqanaba lesithathu ukusuka emhlabeni)

[[File:Tragic_comic_masks_-_roman_mosaic.jpg|thumb| Iimaski zeComic ezibuhlungu zikaHadrian's Villa mosaic]]
Igama lesiGrike samandulo elithetha isigqubuthelo sobuso ''yiprosopon'' (ngokoqobo, &quot;ubuso&quot;),  kwaye yayiyinto ebalulekileyo ekunqulweni kukaDionysus eAthene mhlawumbi yayisetyenziswa kwimibhiyozo yemibhiyozo. Iimaski ezininzi zazinqula amandla aphezulu, oothixo, ukwenza iimaski kubaluleke kakhulu kunqulo. Uninzi lobungqina luvela kwimifanekiso embalwa yeevasi zenkulungwane yesi-5 BC, efana nomnye obonisa imaski yothixo exhonywe emthini enengubo ehonjisiweyo exhonywe ngaphantsi kwayo kwaye idanisa kunye nevasi ''yePronomos'', ebonisa abadlali belungiselela umdlalo we-satyr . Akukho bungqina bubonakalayo obukhoyo kuthi, njengoko iimaski zenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo kwaye zingathathwa njengezinto ezihlala zihleli, ekugqibeleni zanikezelwa esibingelelweni sikaDionysus emva kwemiboniso. Nangona kunjalo, le mask iyaziwa ukuba ibisetyenziswa ukususela ngexesha lika- Aeschylus kwaye ithathwa njengenye yeendlela ezidumileyo zemidlalo yeqonga yamaGrike yakudala. 

Kwenziwa neemaski zamalungu ekwayara, adlala indima ethile kwisenzo aze anike ingxelo ngeziganeko ababandakanyeka kuzo. Nangona kukho amalungu alishumi elinesibini okanye alishumi elinesihlanu ekwayara ebuhlungu, onke anxiba imaski efanayo kuba athathwa njengabamele umlinganiswa omnye.

[[File:3304_-_Athens_-_Stoà_of_Attalus_Museum_-_Theatre_mask_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_Nov_9_2009.jpg|left|thumb| Imaski esosnezntlekele zilungiselelwe ngendlela ethile, ezathi zaveliswa kwiqonga laseGrisi yamandulo, sele zaba luphawu olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubonisa ubugcisa bokudlala. ela kwinkulungwane yesi-3 AD, iStoa yase-Attalos ]]
Imifanekiso yeemaski zemidlalo yeqonga zenkulungwane yesi-5 ibonisa iimaski ezifana nesigcina-ntloko, ezigubungela ubuso nentloko yonke, zinemingxuma yamehlo kunye nomgodi omncinci womlomo kunye newigi edibeneyo. Le mizobo ayibonisi iimaski zokwenyani kubadlali abadlalayo. Zidla ngokuboniswa ziphathwa ngabadlali ngaphambi okanye emva komboniso. Oku kubonisa indlela imaski eyayiza 'kunyibilika' ngayo ebusweni ize ivumele umdlali ukuba anyamalale angene kwindima.  Ngokuphumelelayo, imaski yaguqula umdlali weqonga kanye nokukhumbula umbhalo. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwiGrisi yamandulo akuzange kwahlukanise umdlali onxibe imaski kumlinganiswa weqonga.

Abenzi beemaski babebizwa ngokuba ''zii-skeuopoios'' okanye &quot;umenzi weeprops&quot;, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba indima yabo yayiquka imisebenzi emininzi. Iimaski kusenokwenzeka ukuba zenziwe ngezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, eziphilayo ezifana nelinen eqinileyo, ulusu, umthi, okanye ikhoki, kunye newigi eyenziwe ngoboya bomntu okanye besilwanyana.  Ngenxa yemida yokubona ebekwe zezi masks, kwakubalulekile ukuba abadlali beve ukuze baziqhelanise kwaye bazilinganise. Ngoko ke, kukholelwa ukuba iindlebe zazigqunywe buboya obuninzi kungekhona imaski yesigcina-ntloko. Ukuvulwa komlomo bekuncinci, nto leyo eyayithintela ukuba umlomo ungabonwa ngexesha lomboniso. UVervain noWiles bathi obu bukhulu buncinci abukhuthazi ingcamango yokuba imaski yayisebenza njenge-megaphone, njengoko yayiboniswa ekuqaleni ngeminyaka yoo-1960.  Umenzi weemaski wamaGrike uThanos Vovolis ucebisa ukuba le mask isebenza njengesixhobo sokuvuselela intloko, ngaloo ndlela iphucula isandi selizwi kwaye itshintsha umgangatho walo. Oku kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamandla kunye nobukho, okuvumela utshintsho olupheleleyo lomdlali kwisimo sakhe. 

=== Imisebenzi yemaski ===
Kwindawo enkulu evulekileyo, njengeTheatre of Dionysus eAthene, iimaski zakudala zazikwazi ukudala uloyiko kubaphulaphuli, nto leyo eyabangela uloyiko olukhulu, ingakumbi kuba zazineempawu zobuso ezigqithisileyo. Zenza umdlali weqonga akwazi ukubonakala aze avele kwakhona kwiindima ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela ethintela abaphulaphuli ekumchazeni umdlali weqonga ngomlinganiswa othile. Ukwahluka kwazo kunceda abaphulaphuli ukuba bahlukanise isini, ubudala, kunye nesimo sentlalo, ukongeza ekutyhileni utshintsho kwinkangeleko yomlinganiswa othile, umz., u-Oedipus, emva kokuzimfama. Iimaski ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe abalinganiswa abathile kunye neziganeko kumdlalo, ezifana neFuries ku- Aeschylus ' ''Eumenides'' kunye noPentheus kunye noCadmus ku- Euripides ' ''The Bacchae'' . Njengoko zazinxitywe yikwayara, iimaski zazidala umanyano kunye nokufana, ngelixa zimele umntu onelizwi elininzi okanye isidalwa esinye kwaye kwangaxeshanye zikhuthaza ukuxhomekeka kunye nobuntununtunu obuphezulu phakathi komntu ngamnye weqela. Kuphela ngabadlali ababini ukuya kwabathathu ababevunyelwe ukuba beze eqongeni ngexesha elinye, kwaye iimaski zazivumela ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka komnye umlinganiswa ukuya komnye. Bekukho abadlali abangamadoda kuphela, kodwa iimaski zazibavumela ukuba badlale abalinganiswa abangabasetyhini.

=== Ezinye iinkcukacha zesinxibo ===
[[File:Soccus_-_comic_actor_in_slip-on_shoes_-_Image_from_page_1067_of_&quot;A_dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_antiquities..&quot;_(1849)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb| I ''-soccus'']]
Abadali kwezi midlalo babenedima yeentlekele babenxiba izihlangu ezibizwa ngokuba yicothurnus (buskin), ezazibaphakamisa ngaphezu kwabanye abadlali. Abadlali ababenedi ababenedima zehlekiso babenxiba kuphela izihlangu ezinesole encinci ezibizwa ngokuba yisoccus okanye sock. Ngenxa yoko, ubugcisa beqonga ngamanye amaxesha bubizwa ngokuba &quot;sock and buskin.&quot;

Abadlali abangamadoda abadlala indima yabasetyhini babenxiba isakhiwo somthi ezifubeni zabo ( ''posterneda'' ) ukuze baxelise inkangeleko yamabele kunye nesinye isakhiwo esiswini sabo ( ''progastreda'' ) ukuze babonakale bethambile kwaye befana nabafazi. Babenxiba neekawusi ezimhlophe emzimbeni wabo phantsi kweempahla zabo ukuze ulusu lwabo lubonakale lucwebezela.

Uninzi lweenkcukacha zempahla zivela kwimizobo yodongwe yaloo xesha njengoko iimpahla kunye neemaski zazenziwe ngezinto ezilahlwayo, ngoko ke akukho ntsalela yaso nasiphi na isinxibo saloo xesha. Owona mthombo mkhulu wolwazi yiPronomos Vase apho abadlali bapeyintwa khona kwimiboniso emva kwepati.

Ukugqoka iimpahla kuya kuveza ubuntu, njengakwisini, ubudala, imeko yoluntu, kunye nodidi. Umzekelo, abantu abakumgangatho ophezulu babenxibe iimpahla ezintle, nangona wonke umntu wayenxibe kakuhle. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, abazange banxibe nje amalaphu neembadada, kuba babefuna ukuchukumisa abantu. Eminye imizekelo yempahla yeqonga yamaGrike ibandakanya iingubo ezinde ezibizwa ngokuba yi-chiton ezazifikelela phantsi kubadlali abadlala oothixo, amaqhawe, kunye namadoda amadala. Abadlali abadlala oothixokazi kunye nabalinganiswa abangabasetyhini abanamandla amaninzi babenxibe umbala omfusa nogolide. Abadlali ababedlala iikumkanikazi neenkosazana babenxiba iingubo ezinde ezirhuqwayo emhlabeni kwaye zihonjiswe ngeenkwenkwezi zegolide nezinye izinto zamatye anqabileyo, kwaye amajoni ayenxibe izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye enxibe izigcina-ntloko ezihonjiswe ngeentsiba. Iimpahla zazifanele ukuba zinemibala kwaye zibonakale lula ukuze zibonakale kuzo zonke izihlalo kubaphulaphuli.
 
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|alt=The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Indlela i-ANC esebenza ngayo ngokweengingqi kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwango-2024 .
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweDemocratic Alliance (eMzantsi Afrika) ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|alt=The uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party) performance by region.| Ukusebenza [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|koMkhonto weSizwe (iqela lezopolitiko)]] ngokwemimandla.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweQela leNkululeko yezoQoqosho ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|alt=The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.| Ukulahlekelwa sisihlalo yi-ANC ngokwemimandla kunye nevoti yesizwe kunyulo luka-2024 .
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{Election results||image=[[File:2024 South African National Assembly.svg]]|firstround=National ballot|secondround=Regional ballot|party1=[[African National Congress]]|votes1=6459683|seats1=73|votes1_2=6231519|seats1_2=86|totseats1=159|sc1=–71|sw1=–17.32|sw1_2=—|party2=[[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]]|votes2=3505735|seats2=42|votes2_2=3439272|seats2_2=45|totseats2=87|sc2=+3|sw2=+1.04|sw2_2=—|party3=[[uMkhonto weSizwe (political party)|uMkhonto weSizwe]]|votes3=2344309|seats3=31|votes3_2=2237877|seats3_2=27|totseats3=58|sc3=New|sw3=New|sw3_2=—|party4=[[Economic Freedom Fighters]]|votes4=1529961|seats4=17|votes4_2=1556965|seats4_2=22|totseats4=39|sc4=–5|sw4=–1.28|sw4_2=—|party5=[[Inkatha Freedom Party]]|votes5=618207|seats5=8|votes5_2=688570|seats5_2=9|totseats5=17|sc5=+3|sw5=+0.47|sw5_2=—|party6=[[Patriotic Alliance]]|votes6=330425|seats6=5|votes6_2=345880|seats6_2=4|totseats6=9|sc6=+9|sw6=+2.02|sw6_2=—|party7=[[Freedom Front Plus]]|votes7=218850|seats7=4|votes7_2=234477|seats7_2=2|totseats7=6|sc7=–4|sw7=–1.02|sw7_2=—|party8=[[ActionSA]]|votes8=192373|seats8=4|votes8_2=219477|seats8_2=2|totseats8=6|sc8=New|sw8=New|sw8_2=—|party9=[[African Christian Democratic Party]]|votes9=96575|seats9=3|votes9_2=93581|seats9_2=0|totseats9=3|sc9=–1|sw9=–0.24|sw9_2=—|party10=[[United Democratic Movement]]|votes10=78448|seats10=2|votes10_2=85618|seats10_2=1|totseats10=3|sc10=+1|sw10=+0.04|sw10_2=—|party11=[[Rise Mzansi]]|votes11=67975|seats11=1|votes11_2=70142|seats11_2=1|totseats11=2|sc11=New|sw11=New|sw11_2=—|party12=[[Build One South Africa]]|votes12=65912|seats12=2|votes12_2=69020|seats12_2=0|totseats12=2|sc12=New|sw12=New|sw12_2=—|party13=[[African Transformation Movement]]|votes13=63554|seats13=2|votes13_2=66831|seats13_2=0|totseats13=2|sc13=0|sw13=–0.04|sw13_2=—|party14=[[Al Jama-ah]]|votes14=39067|seats14=2|votes14_2=53337|seats14_2=0|totseats14=2|sc14=+1|sw14=+0.06|sw14_2=—|party15=[[National Coloured Congress]]|votes15=37422|seats15=1|votes15_2=47178|seats15_2=1|totseats15=2|sc15=New|sw15=New|sw15_2=—|party16=[[Pan Africanist Congress of Azania]]|votes16=36716|seats16=1|votes16_2=40788|seats16_2=0|totseats16=1|sc16=0|sw16=+0.04|sw16_2=—|party17=[[United Africans Transformation]]|votes17=35679|seats17=1|votes17_2=32185|seats17_2=0|totseats17=1|sc17=New|sw17=New|sw17_2=—|party18=[[Good (political party)|Good]]|votes18=29501|seats18=1|votes18_2=36103|seats18_2=0|totseats18=1|sc18=–1|sw18=–0.22|sw18_2=—|party19=[[Hope4SA|#Hope4SA]]|votes19=27206|seats19=0|votes19_2=16872|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=New|sw19=New|sw19_2=—|party20=[[Allied Movement for Change]]|votes20=22055|seats20=0|votes20_2=18393|seats20_2=0|totseats20=0|sc20=New|sw20=New|sw20_2=—|party21=[[United Independent Movement]]|votes21=20003|seats21=0|votes21_2=18907|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=New|sw21=New|sw21_2=—|party22=[[African Independent Congress]]|votes22=19900|seats22=0|votes22_2=3833|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=–2|sw22=–0.16|sw22_2=—|party23=[[National Freedom Party]]|votes23=19397|seats23=0|votes23_2=22726|seats23_2=0|totseats23=0|sc23=–2|sw23=–0.23|sw23_2=—|party24=[[Azanian People's Organisation]]|votes24=19048|seats24=0|votes24_2=18741|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=0|sw24=+0.05|sw24_2=—|party25=[[African Congress for Transformation]]|votes25=18354|seats25=0|votes25_2=348|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New|sw25=New|sw25_2=—|party26=[[African Heart Congress]]|votes26=16306|seats26=0|votes26_2=3579|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=New|sw26=New|sw26_2=—|party27=[[Congress of the People (South African political party)|Congress of the People]]|votes27=14177|seats27=0|votes27_2=16768|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=–2|sw27=–0.18|sw27_2=—|party28=[[African People's Convention]]|votes28=13195|seats28=0|votes28_2=14693|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=0|sw28=–0.03|sw28_2=—|party29=[[Africa Restoration Alliance]]|votes29=11108|seats29=0|votes29_2=12651|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New|sw29=New|sw29_2=—|party30=[[Forum for Service Delivery]]|votes30=11077|seats30=0|votes30_2=7444|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0|sc30=0|sw30=+0.03|sw30_2=—|party31=[[Democratic Liberal Congress]]|votes31=10904|seats31=0|votes31_2=7022|seats31_2=0|totseats31=0|sc31=0|sw31=+0.01|sw31_2=—|party32=[[Alliance of Citizens for Change]]|votes32=9336|seats32=0|votes32_2=11217|seats32_2=0|totseats32=0|sc32=New|sw32=New|sw32_2=—|party33={{ill|Action Alliance Development Party|af|Action Alliance Development Party}}|votes33=7802|seats33=0|votes33_2=4600|seats33_2=0|totseats33=0|sc33=New|colour33=#B20226|sw33=New|sw33_2=—|party34={{ill|Conservatives in Action|af|Conservatives in Action}}|votes34=7424|seats34=0|votes34_2=1115|seats34_2=0|totseats34=0|sc34=New|colour34=#0021A8|sw34=New|sw34_2=—|party35={{ill|South African Royal Kingdoms Organisation|af|South African Royal Kingdoms Organization
}}|votes35=6685|seats35=0|votes35_2=3195|seats35_2=0|totseats35=0|sc35=New|colour35=#957A11|sw35=New|sw35_2=—|party36={{ill|Northern Cape Communities Movement|af|Northern Cape Communities Movement}}|votes36=6629|seats36=0|votes36_2=7016|seats36_2=0|totseats36=0|sc36=New|colour36=#D94711|sw36=New|sw36_2=—|party37=[[People's Movement for Change (South Africa)|People's Movement for Change]]|votes37=5539|seats37=0|votes37_2=7045|seats37_2=0|totseats37=0|sc37=New|sw37=New|sw37_2=—|party38=[[Abantu Batho Congress]]|votes38=5531|seats38=0|votes38_2=3552|seats38_2=0|totseats38=0|sc38=New|sw38=New|sw38_2=—|party39={{ill|Economic Liberators Forum|af| Economic Liberators Forum South Africa}}|votes39=5408|seats39=0|votes39_2=7115|seats39_2=0|totseats39=0|sc39=New|colour39=#E7BE58|sw39=New|sw39_2=—|party40=[[Organic Humanity Movement]]|votes40=5241|seats40=0|votes40_2=6457|seats40_2=0|totseats40=0|sc40=New|colour40=#006959|sw40=New|sw40_2=—|party41=[[African Content Movement]]|votes41=5107|seats41=0|votes41_2=4617|seats41_2=0|totseats41=0|sc41=0|sw41=0.00|sw41_2=—|party42=[[Sizwe Ummah Nation]]|votes42=5016|seats42=0|votes42_2=4869|seats42_2=0|totseats42=0|sc42=New|sw42=New|sw42_2=—|party43=[[South African Rainbow Alliance]]|votes43=4796|seats43=0|votes43_2=7645|seats43_2=0|totseats43=0|sc43=New|sw43=New|sw43_2=—|party44=[[African People's Movement]]|votes44=4601|seats44=0|votes44_2=4200|seats44_2=0|totseats44=0|sc44=New|sw44=New|sw44_2=—|party45={{ill|Able Leadership|af|Able Leadership}}|votes45=3867|seats45=0|votes45_2=3161|seats45_2=0|totseats45=0|sc45=New|colour45=#929200|sw45=New|sw45_2=—|party46=[[Referendum Party (South Africa)|Referendum Party]]|votes46=3834|seats46=0|votes46_2=4206|seats46_2=0|totseats46=0|sc46=New|sw46=New|sw46_2=—|party47={{ill|All Citizens Party|af|All Citizens Party
}}|votes47=3693|seats47=0|votes47_2=1644|seats47_2=0|totseats47=0|sc47=New|colour47=#CE5828|sw47=New|sw47_2=—|party48={{ill|Africa Africans Reclaim|af|Africa Africans Reclaim}}|votes48=3371|seats48=0|votes48_2=2565|seats48_2=0|totseats48=0|sc48=New|colour48=#EB1D05|sw48=New|sw48_2=—|party49={{ill|Citizans|af|Citizans}}|votes49=2992|seats49=0|votes49_2=4084|seats49_2=0|totseats49=0|sc49=New|colour49=#122F4F|sw49=New|sw49_2=—|party50=[[Xiluva]]|votes50=2592|seats50=0|votes50_2=1167|seats50_2=0|totseats50=0|sc50=New|sw50=New|sw50_2=—|party51={{ill|African Movement Congress|af|African Movement Congress}}|votes51=2141|seats51=0|votes51_2=1550|seats51_2=0|totseats51=0|sc51=New|colour51=#00A400|sw51=New|sw51_2=—|party52=[[Free Democrats (South Africa)|Free Democrats]]|votes52=1992|seats52=0|votes52_2=2276|seats52_2=0|totseats52=0|sc52=0|sw52=0.00|sw52_2=—|party53=[[Independent politician|Independents]]|votes53_2=19304|seats53_2=0|totseats53=0|sc53=New|color53={{party color|Independent}}|invalid=213437|invalid2=156834|total_sc=0|electorate=27782081|electorate2=27782081|source=[https://results.elections.org.za/dashboards/npe/ Electoral Commission of South Africa], [https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/live-blog-election-results-2024-ramaphosa-says-election-outcome-proves-our-democracy-is-strong-e424b252-0be5-4dd2-8290-3574a4e3d5b6 IOL]}}&lt;gallery&gt;
File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|The [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)]] performance by region.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;IRiphabhliki yoMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary democratic republic. UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika ukhonza njengentloko karhulumente kunye intloko karhulumente. Umongameli ukhethwa yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho (indlu esezantsi yePalamente yoMzantsi Afrika) kwaye kufuneka agcine ukuthembela kweNdlu ukuze ahlale esesikhundleni. Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bakhetha nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zamaphonndo ezilawula iphondo ngalinye kumaphondo alithoba elizweni.

Ukususela ekuphelisweni ucalulo ngowe-1994, IAfrican National Congress (ANC) iye yalawula kwezopolitiko eMzantsi Afrika. I-ANC liqela elilawulayo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe, kunye namaphondo amaninzi, kwaye ikhokelwa ngu Cyril Ramaphosa, okhonza njengoMongameli woMzantsi Afrika. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isabelo sevoti ye-ANC siye sehla kakhulu. Eli qela lafumana i-40.18% yevoti ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka-2024 - ixesha lokuqala iANC ingaphumelelanga ininzi yepalamente kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika wentando yesininzi. 

Iqela lesibini elikhulu kwaye ngokwesiko eliphambili elichasene ne-ANC yi-Democratic Alliance (DA), ekhokelwa ngUGeordin Hill-Lewis, okhonza njengosodolophu waseKapa. I-DA ibone isabelo sayo kwivoti inyuka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye iqela lifumene i-21.81% yevoti kunyulo luka-2024. Okwangoku lilungu leqela elidibeneyo elibizwa ngokuba yiRhulumente woManyano lweSizwe, kwaye linobunini obuhlukeneyo.

Amanye amaqela aphambili ezopolitiko amelwe kwiPalamente aquka Umkhponto weSizwe(MKP), osebenza njengeMchasi esemthethweni, amaLwebe oNkululeko yoqoqosho (EFF), kunye neQela leNkululeko ye-Inkatha (IFP). 

Iqela eliphambili eliyiNew National Party (NNP), elaphumeza kwaye laphelisa ucalulo ngeqela elaliphambi kwalo, iNational Party (NP), lahlukana ngo-2005 ukuze lihlanganiswe ne-ANC.

UNelson Mandela wayengumongameli ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-1999, kwaye abalandela emva kwakhe yayinguThabo Mbeki (1999−2008), uKgalema Motlanthe (2008−2009) kunye noJacob Zuma (2009−2018). UZuma wathatyathelwa indawo nguCyril Ramaphosa emva kokuba lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli erhoxile kweyoMdumba 2018.

Olona nyulo lukhulu lwakutshanje lwenziwa ngomhla wama-29 kuCanzibe 2024, kwaye lwaphumela kurhulumente we-coalition - owokuqala kolu hlobo ukusukela ngo-1994.  Nangona ilahlekelwe yinani elikhulu ngo-2024, iANC yakwazi ukugcina amandla kunye norhulumente wokwabelana.  Unyulo olulandelayo eMzantsi Afrika lukhetho lwasedolophini ngo-2026, apho abavoti baya kukhetha amagosa karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Unyulo luza kuba ngomhla we-4 kweyeNkanga.

UMzantsi Afrika yidemokhrasi. Isigqibo sokhetho sabantu bonke sanikwa ngowe-1994 xa kwaphela ucalulo. Ukususela ngoko, ukhetho luvulekile kwaye lukhuphisana, kwaye ubomi babantu baseMzantsi Afrika buye baphucuka kwiimethrikhi ezininzi.  Nangona kunjalo, ibhekene nemingeni njengoluntu olunobuhlanga obuninzi, olutsha lwentando yesininzi.  yachaza uMzantsi Afrika &quot;njengedemokhrasi enesiphene [kufuneka uhlaziye] Lilizwe elidibeneyo elinesibini elona lizwe likhulu elinomdla wolwakhiwo (kunye neMauritius neCabo Verde) kunye nelizwe elinesithathu elinomdla woluvo wolwakhiwo lwaseAfrika (kunye naseCabo Verde), kunye nelizwe eliphambili elinomdla wokhetho nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lolwazi lolwakhiwo lweAfrika, ngokutsho kwe-V-I-V-Dem Institute.

== Umongo ==
{{Election results||image=[[File:2024 South African National Assembly.svg]]|firstround=National ballot|secondround=Regional ballot|party1=[[African National Congress]]|votes1=6459683|seats1=73|votes1_2=6231519|seats1_2=86|totseats1=159|sc1=–71|sw1=–17.32|sw1_2=—|party2=[[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]]|votes2=3505735|seats2=42|votes2_2=3439272|seats2_2=45|totseats2=87|sc2=+3|sw2=+1.04|sw2_2=—|party3=[[uMkhonto weSizwe (political party)|uMkhonto weSizwe]]|votes3=2344309|seats3=31|votes3_2=2237877|seats3_2=27|totseats3=58|sc3=New|sw3=New|sw3_2=—|party4=[[Economic Freedom Fighters]]|votes4=1529961|seats4=17|votes4_2=1556965|seats4_2=22|totseats4=39|sc4=–5|sw4=–1.28|sw4_2=—|party5=[[Inkatha Freedom Party]]|votes5=618207|seats5=8|votes5_2=688570|seats5_2=9|totseats5=17|sc5=+3|sw5=+0.47|sw5_2=—|party6=[[Patriotic Alliance]]|votes6=330425|seats6=5|votes6_2=345880|seats6_2=4|totseats6=9|sc6=+9|sw6=+2.02|sw6_2=—|party7=[[Freedom Front Plus]]|votes7=218850|seats7=4|votes7_2=234477|seats7_2=2|totseats7=6|sc7=–4|sw7=–1.02|sw7_2=—|party8=[[ActionSA]]|votes8=192373|seats8=4|votes8_2=219477|seats8_2=2|totseats8=6|sc8=New|sw8=New|sw8_2=—|party9=[[African Christian Democratic Party]]|votes9=96575|seats9=3|votes9_2=93581|seats9_2=0|totseats9=3|sc9=–1|sw9=–0.24|sw9_2=—|party10=[[United Democratic Movement]]|votes10=78448|seats10=2|votes10_2=85618|seats10_2=1|totseats10=3|sc10=+1|sw10=+0.04|sw10_2=—|party11=[[Rise Mzansi]]|votes11=67975|seats11=1|votes11_2=70142|seats11_2=1|totseats11=2|sc11=New|sw11=New|sw11_2=—|party12=[[Build One South Africa]]|votes12=65912|seats12=2|votes12_2=69020|seats12_2=0|totseats12=2|sc12=New|sw12=New|sw12_2=—|party13=[[African Transformation Movement]]|votes13=63554|seats13=2|votes13_2=66831|seats13_2=0|totseats13=2|sc13=0|sw13=–0.04|sw13_2=—|party14=[[Al Jama-ah]]|votes14=39067|seats14=2|votes14_2=53337|seats14_2=0|totseats14=2|sc14=+1|sw14=+0.06|sw14_2=—|party15=[[National Coloured Congress]]|votes15=37422|seats15=1|votes15_2=47178|seats15_2=1|totseats15=2|sc15=New|sw15=New|sw15_2=—|party16=[[Pan Africanist Congress of Azania]]|votes16=36716|seats16=1|votes16_2=40788|seats16_2=0|totseats16=1|sc16=0|sw16=+0.04|sw16_2=—|party17=[[United Africans Transformation]]|votes17=35679|seats17=1|votes17_2=32185|seats17_2=0|totseats17=1|sc17=New|sw17=New|sw17_2=—|party18=[[Good (political party)|Good]]|votes18=29501|seats18=1|votes18_2=36103|seats18_2=0|totseats18=1|sc18=–1|sw18=–0.22|sw18_2=—|party19=[[Hope4SA|#Hope4SA]]|votes19=27206|seats19=0|votes19_2=16872|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=New|sw19=New|sw19_2=—|party20=[[Allied Movement for Change]]|votes20=22055|seats20=0|votes20_2=18393|seats20_2=0|totseats20=0|sc20=New|sw20=New|sw20_2=—|party21=[[United Independent Movement]]|votes21=20003|seats21=0|votes21_2=18907|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=New|sw21=New|sw21_2=—|party22=[[African Independent Congress]]|votes22=19900|seats22=0|votes22_2=3833|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=–2|sw22=–0.16|sw22_2=—|party23=[[National Freedom Party]]|votes23=19397|seats23=0|votes23_2=22726|seats23_2=0|totseats23=0|sc23=–2|sw23=–0.23|sw23_2=—|party24=[[Azanian People's Organisation]]|votes24=19048|seats24=0|votes24_2=18741|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=0|sw24=+0.05|sw24_2=—|party25=[[African Congress for Transformation]]|votes25=18354|seats25=0|votes25_2=348|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New|sw25=New|sw25_2=—|party26=[[African Heart Congress]]|votes26=16306|seats26=0|votes26_2=3579|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=New|sw26=New|sw26_2=—|party27=[[Congress of the People (South African political party)|Congress of the People]]|votes27=14177|seats27=0|votes27_2=16768|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=–2|sw27=–0.18|sw27_2=—|party28=[[African People's Convention]]|votes28=13195|seats28=0|votes28_2=14693|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=0|sw28=–0.03|sw28_2=—|party29=[[Africa Restoration Alliance]]|votes29=11108|seats29=0|votes29_2=12651|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New|sw29=New|sw29_2=—|party30=[[Forum for Service Delivery]]|votes30=11077|seats30=0|votes30_2=7444|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0|sc30=0|sw30=+0.03|sw30_2=—|party31=[[Democratic Liberal Congress]]|votes31=10904|seats31=0|votes31_2=7022|seats31_2=0|totseats31=0|sc31=0|sw31=+0.01|sw31_2=—|party32=[[Alliance of Citizens for Change]]|votes32=9336|seats32=0|votes32_2=11217|seats32_2=0|totseats32=0|sc32=New|sw32=New|sw32_2=—|party33={{ill|Action Alliance Development Party|af|Action Alliance Development Party}}|votes33=7802|seats33=0|votes33_2=4600|seats33_2=0|totseats33=0|sc33=New|colour33=#B20226|sw33=New|sw33_2=—|party34={{ill|Conservatives in Action|af|Conservatives in Action}}|votes34=7424|seats34=0|votes34_2=1115|seats34_2=0|totseats34=0|sc34=New|colour34=#0021A8|sw34=New|sw34_2=—|party35={{ill|South African Royal Kingdoms Organisation|af|South African Royal Kingdoms Organization
}}|votes35=6685|seats35=0|votes35_2=3195|seats35_2=0|totseats35=0|sc35=New|colour35=#957A11|sw35=New|sw35_2=—|party36={{ill|Northern Cape Communities Movement|af|Northern Cape Communities Movement}}|votes36=6629|seats36=0|votes36_2=7016|seats36_2=0|totseats36=0|sc36=New|colour36=#D94711|sw36=New|sw36_2=—|party37=[[People's Movement for Change (South Africa)|People's Movement for Change]]|votes37=5539|seats37=0|votes37_2=7045|seats37_2=0|totseats37=0|sc37=New|sw37=New|sw37_2=—|party38=[[Abantu Batho Congress]]|votes38=5531|seats38=0|votes38_2=3552|seats38_2=0|totseats38=0|sc38=New|sw38=New|sw38_2=—|party39={{ill|Economic Liberators Forum|af| Economic Liberators Forum South Africa}}|votes39=5408|seats39=0|votes39_2=7115|seats39_2=0|totseats39=0|sc39=New|colour39=#E7BE58|sw39=New|sw39_2=—|party40=[[Organic Humanity Movement]]|votes40=5241|seats40=0|votes40_2=6457|seats40_2=0|totseats40=0|sc40=New|colour40=#006959|sw40=New|sw40_2=—|party41=[[African Content Movement]]|votes41=5107|seats41=0|votes41_2=4617|seats41_2=0|totseats41=0|sc41=0|sw41=0.00|sw41_2=—|party42=[[Sizwe Ummah Nation]]|votes42=5016|seats42=0|votes42_2=4869|seats42_2=0|totseats42=0|sc42=New|sw42=New|sw42_2=—|party43=[[South African Rainbow Alliance]]|votes43=4796|seats43=0|votes43_2=7645|seats43_2=0|totseats43=0|sc43=New|sw43=New|sw43_2=—|party44=[[African People's Movement]]|votes44=4601|seats44=0|votes44_2=4200|seats44_2=0|totseats44=0|sc44=New|sw44=New|sw44_2=—|party45={{ill|Able Leadership|af|Able Leadership}}|votes45=3867|seats45=0|votes45_2=3161|seats45_2=0|totseats45=0|sc45=New|colour45=#929200|sw45=New|sw45_2=—|party46=[[Referendum Party (South Africa)|Referendum Party]]|votes46=3834|seats46=0|votes46_2=4206|seats46_2=0|totseats46=0|sc46=New|sw46=New|sw46_2=—|party47={{ill|All Citizens Party|af|All Citizens Party
}}|votes47=3693|seats47=0|votes47_2=1644|seats47_2=0|totseats47=0|sc47=New|colour47=#CE5828|sw47=New|sw47_2=—|party48={{ill|Africa Africans Reclaim|af|Africa Africans Reclaim}}|votes48=3371|seats48=0|votes48_2=2565|seats48_2=0|totseats48=0|sc48=New|colour48=#EB1D05|sw48=New|sw48_2=—|party49={{ill|Citizans|af|Citizans}}|votes49=2992|seats49=0|votes49_2=4084|seats49_2=0|totseats49=0|sc49=New|colour49=#122F4F|sw49=New|sw49_2=—|party50=[[Xiluva]]|votes50=2592|seats50=0|votes50_2=1167|seats50_2=0|totseats50=0|sc50=New|sw50=New|sw50_2=—|party51={{ill|African Movement Congress|af|African Movement Congress}}|votes51=2141|seats51=0|votes51_2=1550|seats51_2=0|totseats51=0|sc51=New|colour51=#00A400|sw51=New|sw51_2=—|party52=[[Free Democrats (South Africa)|Free Democrats]]|votes52=1992|seats52=0|votes52_2=2276|seats52_2=0|totseats52=0|sc52=0|sw52=0.00|sw52_2=—|party53=[[Independent politician|Independents]]|votes53_2=19304|seats53_2=0|totseats53=0|sc53=New|color53={{party color|Independent}}|invalid=213437|invalid2=156834|total_sc=0|electorate=27782081|electorate2=27782081|source=[https://results.elections.org.za/dashboards/npe/ Electoral Commission of South Africa], [https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/live-blog-election-results-2024-ramaphosa-says-election-outcome-proves-our-democracy-is-strong-e424b252-0be5-4dd2-8290-3574a4e3d5b6 IOL]}} 
Ngomhla wama 31 kuCanzibe 1910 iCape Colony, I-Natal Colony, I-Transvaal kunye I-Orange River Colony zadityaniswa kwimo enye ebizwa ngokuba yi Union of South Africa. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwamkele inkqubo yolawulo esekwe kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseUnited Kingdom. Umlawuli waseBritani wayengumongameli welizwe loMzantsi Afrika yaye wayemelwe nguRhuluneli-Jikelele. Amandla okwenene ezopolitiko ayephantsi kweNdlu yoMphathiswa noKhabhinethi. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zale nkqubo ezifana norhulumente wamasebe amathathu nePalamente enamandla zisaqhubeka zisebenza namhlanje.

Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga 1926, iBalfour Declaration yamkelwa kwiNgqungquthela yoBukhosi ka 1926. Olu xwebhu lwenza ukuba ubukhosi boBukhosi baseBritane kuquka uMzantsi Afrika bufane omnye nomnye kunye neUnited Kingdom. Ngokwenyani, oku kwenza i-Union of South Africa yaba ligunya elizilawulayo loBukhosi baseBritani. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwaba ngowomntu ngamnye ngo-1931 xa kwavunywa Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster. Inika iParliament yaseMzantsi Afrika igunya lokwenza imithetho yoMzantsi Afrika ngaphandle kokuvunywa yiParliament yaseUnited Kingdom.

Ngowe-1948, Iqela lesizwe laseMzantsi Afrika lamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga obizwa ngokuba yi-apartheid. Abantu abanebala, ingakumbi abantu abamnyama abaninzi, baphulukana namalungelo ambalwa ababenayo. Ukwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga nokwahlulahlulwa kwakusetyenziselwa ukwahlula izixhobo zoqoqosho nokulawula amandla ezopolitiko. Abamhlophe, ngokukodwa Abantu baseAfrika, babelawula inkqubo yezopolitiko. Abantu abamnyama abazange babe namalungelo okuhlala kuwo onke amaphondo eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngowe-1961, uMzantsi Afrika waba yiRiphablikhi. UKumkani waseBritani wathatyathelw' indawo njengentloko karhulumente ngumphathi okhethwe yinani elincinane labantu ngeembongi ezikhethiweyo. Ngowe-1970, kwaphunyezwa uMthetho Wokuhlaliswa Kwabahlali BaseKhaya. Yakha kwinkqubo yokugcina abantu abamnyama baseAfrika ukuze yenze inkqubo yamazwe abamnyama azimeleyo. Abantu abaninzi abamnyama baphulukana nobumi babo baseMzantsi Afrika baza baba ngabemi I-Bantustan yesizwe sabo. Zange zaziwe ngamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini yaye umlinganiselo wolawulo lwazo oluzimeleyo kwimicimbi yangaphakathi wawulinganiselwe kakhulu.

IAfrican National Congress (ANC) yayikhokela ukulwa nale nkqubo yocalucalulo. Emva koxinzelelo olunzulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemfazwe yasekhaya, urhulumente uDe Klerk wacima okanye wanciphisa imithetho emininzi yocalucalulo. Emva kweengxoxo phakathi kwe-ANC, Inkatha Freedom Party, NP kunye neminye imibutho, ucalulo lwapheliswa ngokusesikweni kwaye uMgaqo-siseko weNqanaba wawamkelwa. AmaBantustans aqedwa aza abuyela eMzantsi Afrika kwaye abemi bawo bafumana ubuzwe baseMzantsi Afrika.

Urhulumente woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) owasekwa phantsi komgaqo-siseko ongeyomfuneko wahlala esebenzayo de kwaba kunyulo luka-1999. Amaqela aqala aquka i-GNU - African Natinal Congress (ANC), i-National Party (NP), kunye ne-Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) - babelana ngamandla aphantsi. Ngomhla wama-30 kuJuni 1996, i-NP yazihoxisa kwi-GNU ukuze ibe yinxalenye yeqela elichasayo.

Uninzi lwemigaqo yokulingana ngokobuhlanga, idemokhrasi yabaninzi kunye namalungelo abantu abambalwa eyawasekayo yaguqulelwa kuMgaqo -siseko wokugqibela waseMzantsi Afrika owamkelwa ngo-1996 kwaye usasebenza. Ichaza ulwakhiwo lukarhulumente, ikhusela amalungelo oluntu asisiseko, idala iindlela zokuphendula kwaye yahlulahlula amandla omthetho nawolawulo phakathi kwamacandelo karhulumente kazwelonke, amaphondo kunye nawasekuhlaleni.

Kwivoti ka-2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa yinani layo kwiPalamente okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi ye-SA. Ngenxa yeengxoxo ezalandelayo, kwaqaliswa umanyano lwamaqela amaninzi. Eli yayiyiRhulumente wokuqala woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) kweli lizwe ukususela ngo-1994. I-GNU yayinabantu abane ababumba, kwaye abanye abathathu bajoyina kamva. Bonke abasixhenxe babemelwe kwiKhabhinethi yesithathu kaCyril Ramaphosa, benqunywe kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo zoMphathiswa. Amaqela amabini ongezelelweyo amelwe ngabaSekela boMphathiswa, kwaye elinye iqela elinye lithathe inxaxheba kwi-coalition kodwa alimele kwiKhabhinethi. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho amalungu ali-10 ukususela ngo-2026.

Iipolisi ze-I-Afrobarometer zibonise ukuba imiba ephambili ukususela ngo-2026 yayikungasebenzi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye norhwaphilizo, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kokungonelisekanga kwentando yesininzi.

== Urhulumente ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
UMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary representative democratic republic, apho UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika, okhethwe yiparliament, iyintloko karhulumente, kwaye kwinkqubo yamaqela amaninzi. Iquka amasebe amathathu.

Igosa elilawulayo libunjwa ngumongameli woMzantsi Afrika kunye IKhabhinethi yoMzantsi Afrika. UMongameli ukhethwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika ixesha leminyaka emihlanu. UMongameli unokukhonza nje izihlandlo ezibini. Ngokwenkomfa eli sikhundla sihlala yinkokeli yeqela elikhulu kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. UMongameli umisela amanye amalungu eKhabhinethi abizwa ngokuba ngabalungiseleli. Oonongameli balawula amasebe karhulumente. IKhabhinethi yenza kwaye iphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zivela kwiKhabhinethi.

Umongameli kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi banoxanduva kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. Inegunya lokubasusa esikhundleni ngokudlulisa isicelo sokungathembi nokubabamba ukuba baphendule imibuzo ebuzwa ngamalungu ePalamente ngomlomo nangokubhaliweyo.

Igumbi elishukumayo libunjwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika, apho Amalungu ePhalamende akhethwe ngokwentando yesininzi (iMPs) emele abo bakhetha wona. IParliament ineendawo ezimbini ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezihlala abantu abangama-490.

Indlu enkulu, ephantsi yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, enamalungu angama-400 ePalamente, kwaye isebenza kakhulu kwizindlu ezimbini. Ilawula ubume karhulumente yaye imvume yayo iyafuneka ukuze uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zibe ngumthetho. I-National Assembly ikhethwa ngokumelwa ngamaqela. 

Indlu ephezulu yiBhunga leSizwe laMaphondo (i-NCOP), elinama-MP angama-90. Inika ummeli olinganayo kumaphondo asithoba oMzantsi Afrika, kwaye imvume yayo iyafuneka kwimithetho echaphazela amaphondo kunye noluntu lwenkcubeko yoMzantsi Afrika. I-NCOP ikhethwa ziinkundla ezisemthethweni zephondo ngalinye.

Isebe lezomthetho libunjwa ziinkundla. Lithetha yaye liphumeza imithetho. Inkundla ephakamileyo yemibandela yomgaqo-siseko yiNkundla yoMgaqo-sisiseko yoMzantsi Afrika. Inamandla okuphelisa imithetho engqubanayo noMgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwimicimbi engekho kumgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika yinkundla enegunya eliqhelekileyo lokubhena. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo anegunya kummandla welizwe. Iinkundla zoMantyi zisebenza njengeenkundla zesigxina sokuqala. Kukho iinkundla ezikhethekileyo neenkundla ezinegunya elinganiselwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Yokufaka Izibheno.

== Umgaqo-siseko ==
[[File:ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-20070622.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ihlala iJohannersburg kwi Constitution Hill. Nguwo umgwebi wokugqibela womgaqo-siseko kwaye izigqibo zawo zibopha zonke iinkundla kwiRiphablikhi]]
Emva konyulo lwango-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawulawulwa ngumgaqo-siseko wesithuba. Lo mgaqo-siseko wawufuna ukuba iNdibano yoMgaqo-sisiseko (CA) ibhale kwaye ivume umgaqo-sisekelo osisigxina ngoMeyi 9, 1996. Umgaqo-siseko wangoku wamkelwa ngo-1996 waza wamkelwa nguMongameli Nelson Mandela ngo-1997. Ngumthetho ophakamileyo kweli lizwe; yonke eminye imithetho kulindeleke ukuba ilandele kwaye ihambelane nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko awubeki nje kuphela ulwakhiwo lwamasebe amathathu karhulumente kunye namalungelo oluntu asisiseko abo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa ukwakha nokulawulwa kwezimali zikarhulumente, umda nemida yoMbutho wePhondo kunye nokwakhiwa kweZiko kwiSahluko 9 ukuze urhulumente abe noxanduva.

== Amaqela ezopolitiko kunye nesabelo sawo sevoti ngoku ==
Unyulo jikelele lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Unyulo lokuqala lwentando yesininzi olungenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga lwabanjwa ngo- 1994 . Unyulo olulandelayo lwabanjwa ngo- 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, nango -2024 . Kude kube ngu-2008, amagosa anyuliweyo ayevunyelwe ukutshintsha amaqela ezopolitiko, ngelixa egcina izihlalo zawo, ngexesha leefestile ezibekiweyo ezenzeka kabini kwixesha ngalinye lonyulo, ngenxa yezilungiso eziphikisanayo zomthetho ezenziwa ngo-2002. Iifestile ezimbini zokugqibela zokuwela umgangatho zenzeka ngo-2005 nango-2007.

Emva konyulo luka-2009, iANC yalahlekelwa lnani le-2/3 kwisigqeba sesizwe esisemthethweni, nto leyo eyayivumela ukuba itshintshe umgaqo-siseko ngokwahlukileyo.

I-Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) kunye ne-South African Communist Party (SACP) zikwisivumelwano esisemthethweni ne-ANC (i-Tripartite Alliance) ekhoyo, kwaye ke azizimele ngokwahlukeneyo kunyulo.

Ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka 2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa linani layo kwiparlamende yesizwe okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi yoMzantsi Afrika, nangona yayisaqhubeka njengeqela elikhulu lezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho urhulumente wobunye besizwe (GNU) weqela lamaqela amaninzi. Yayineengxenye ezine zokuqalisa, kwaye ine-10 iyonke, ukususela ngo-2026.

== Amalungelo oluntu ==
Umgaqo-siseko unikeza iziqinisekiso ezininzi, kuquka ukulingana phambi komthetho kunye nokuvalwa kokwahlulahlula; ilungelo lobomi, ubumfihlo, impahla, nenkululeko nokhuseleko lomntu; ukunqandwa kobukhoboka kunye nokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa; inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, yokuhlanganisana, nentlangano. Amalungelo asemthethweni abasolwayo ngokolwaphulo-mthetho nawo abhalwe phantsi. Kwakhona iquka iziqinisekiso ezibanzi ukufikelela ekutyeni, emanzini, kwimfundo, kwizonyango nakwimibutho yoluntu. Umgaqo-siseko ubeka iinkqubo zenkundla ezimeleyo nezingakhethi buso, yaye, enyanisweni, ezi nkalo ziyahlonitshwa.

Amalungelo abemi okufumana indawo ekhuselekileyo, izindlu, imfundo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo aqukwe kuMthetho wamaLungelo, kwaye aziwa njengamalungelo omgaqo-siseko wesibini. Ngowama-2003 amalungelo esibini ngokomgaqo-siseko asetyenziswa yi- Treatment Action Campaign, iqela elilwela amalungelo e-HIV/AIDS njengendlela yokunyanzela urhulumente ukuba atshintshe umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wezempilo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo, kuquka ugonyamelo olubhekiswe kumabhinqa nabantwana, nolwaphulo mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo zikwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ziyinto enzulu. Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi kubakho isenzo sokuphepha isigwebo nesigwebo esivela kwiqela labantu. Abanye abezopolitiko baseMzantsi Afrika babekhuthaza ugonyamelo olusekwe kuhlanga okanye ubulungu bezopolitiko ngokutsho kweNkundla yoLingano yaseMzantsi Afrika.

Amanye amapolisa atyholwa ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokugqithiseleyo nangokuxhaphaza abantu abasemagunyeni; ngenxa yoko, inani labantu abafa besemagunyweni lisengumcimbi. kweyeDwarha 1997, urhulumente waseka iSebe lezikhalazo elizimeleyo ukuze liphonononge ukufa kwabantu abasemagunyeni nakubantu abafa ngenxa yokungenelela kwamapolisa.

Olunye ucalulo olwenziwe kumabhinqa luyaqhubeka, nangona luye lwaphucuka ngokubanzi, yaye ucalulo olunikwe abo baphila neHIV/AIDS luye lwaba ngumcimbi onzulu.

Kukho ukunyamezela okungaphezulu kwezopolitiko kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

== Oopolitiko ababalaseleyo ==
I-Bantubonke Holomisa, owayengumkhosi omkhulu kwilizwe laseTranskei ukususela ngo-1987, uye wakhonza njengomongameli weUnited Democratic Movement ukususela ngo-1997. Namhlanje ulilungu lePalamente.

UGeneral UConstand Viljoen wayengumlawuli wangaphambili weMikhosi yoKhuselo yaseMzantsi Afrika, owathi, njengenkokeli ye-I-Afrikaner Volksfront, wathumela ama-1500  amajoni akhe ukuba axhase urhulumente ULucas Mangope kwaye aphikisane nokupheliswa kweBophuthatswana njengekhaya ngo-1994. Wayesebenzisana nokuseka iFront Freedom ngo-1994. Uthathe umhlalaphantsi ekubeni lilungu lePalamente ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-2020.

ULucas Mangope, owayesakuba yinkokeli yeqela lama Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane, owayesengumongameli weBantustan yaseBophuthatswana, wayengumongameli weqela leUnited Christian Democratic Party.

== Bona kwakho ==

* Uhlolisiso lweInternet eMzantsi Afrika
* Imithetho yokuthetha inzondo eMzantsi Afrika

== Imithombo ==

== Iincwadi ==

* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika, 1996. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-South-Africa-1996].
* I-United Kingdom. Umthetho woMzantsi Afrika, ka-1909. Ifumaneka kw[https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf I-http://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster, ngowe-1931. Iyafumaneka kwi-&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpga_19310004_en.pdf https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Isibhengezo sikaBalfour, ngowe-1926.
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umthetho woBumi bamaBantu, 1970. Iyafumaneka kwi-http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/leg19700309028020026
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika, uMthetho 200 ka-1993. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-act-200-1993 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constituction-republic-south-Africa-act-200-1993]
* UMzantsi Afrika. Imeko yeManyano, Umthetho 69 ka 1934.

== Funda ngokugqithisileyo ==

* {{Cite book|last=Habib|first=Adam|title=South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects|publisher=Wits University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-86814-608-6|author-link=Adam Habib}}
* {{Cite book|last=Plaut|first=Martin|title=Who Rules South Africa?|last2=Holden|first2=Paul|publisher=Biteback Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1849544085}}
* {{Cite book|title=Political Parties in South Africa - Do They Undermine or Underpin Democracy?|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7983-0514-3|editor-last=Thuynsma|editor-first=Heather}}
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      <text bytes="21335" sha1="cp2bqvmo8id86gcfzr5mzk957qn7dlo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery&gt;
File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|alt=The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Indlela i-ANC esebenza ngayo ngokweengingqi kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwango-2024 .
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweDemocratic Alliance (eMzantsi Afrika) ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|alt=The uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party) performance by region.| Ukusebenza [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|koMkhonto weSizwe (iqela lezopolitiko)]] ngokwemimandla.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweQela leNkululeko yezoQoqosho ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|alt=The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.| Ukulahlekelwa sisihlalo yi-ANC ngokwemimandla kunye nevoti yesizwe kunyulo luka-2024 .
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|The [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)]] performance by region.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;IRiphabhliki yoMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary democratic republic. UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika ukhonza njengentloko karhulumente kunye intloko karhulumente. Umongameli ukhethwa yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho (indlu esezantsi yePalamente yoMzantsi Afrika) kwaye kufuneka agcine ukuthembela kweNdlu ukuze ahlale esesikhundleni. Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bakhetha nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zamaphonndo ezilawula iphondo ngalinye kumaphondo alithoba elizweni.

Ukususela ekuphelisweni ucalulo ngowe-1994, IAfrican National Congress (ANC) iye yalawula kwezopolitiko eMzantsi Afrika. I-ANC liqela elilawulayo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe, kunye namaphondo amaninzi, kwaye ikhokelwa ngu Cyril Ramaphosa, okhonza njengoMongameli woMzantsi Afrika. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isabelo sevoti ye-ANC siye sehla kakhulu. Eli qela lafumana i-40.18% yevoti ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka-2024 - ixesha lokuqala iANC ingaphumelelanga ininzi yepalamente kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika wentando yesininzi. 

Iqela lesibini elikhulu kwaye ngokwesiko eliphambili elichasene ne-ANC yi-Democratic Alliance (DA), ekhokelwa ngUGeordin Hill-Lewis, okhonza njengosodolophu waseKapa. I-DA ibone isabelo sayo kwivoti inyuka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye iqela lifumene i-21.81% yevoti kunyulo luka-2024. Okwangoku lilungu leqela elidibeneyo elibizwa ngokuba yiRhulumente woManyano lweSizwe, kwaye linobunini obuhlukeneyo.

Amanye amaqela aphambili ezopolitiko amelwe kwiPalamente aquka Umkhponto weSizwe(MKP), osebenza njengeMchasi esemthethweni, amaLwebe oNkululeko yoqoqosho (EFF), kunye neQela leNkululeko ye-Inkatha (IFP). 

Iqela eliphambili eliyiNew National Party (NNP), elaphumeza kwaye laphelisa ucalulo ngeqela elaliphambi kwalo, iNational Party (NP), lahlukana ngo-2005 ukuze lihlanganiswe ne-ANC.

UNelson Mandela wayengumongameli ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-1999, kwaye abalandela emva kwakhe yayinguThabo Mbeki (1999−2008), uKgalema Motlanthe (2008−2009) kunye noJacob Zuma (2009−2018). UZuma wathatyathelwa indawo nguCyril Ramaphosa emva kokuba lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli erhoxile kweyoMdumba 2018.

Olona nyulo lukhulu lwakutshanje lwenziwa ngomhla wama-29 kuCanzibe 2024, kwaye lwaphumela kurhulumente we-coalition - owokuqala kolu hlobo ukusukela ngo-1994.  Nangona ilahlekelwe yinani elikhulu ngo-2024, iANC yakwazi ukugcina amandla kunye norhulumente wokwabelana.  Unyulo olulandelayo eMzantsi Afrika lukhetho lwasedolophini ngo-2026, apho abavoti baya kukhetha amagosa karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Unyulo luza kuba ngomhla we-4 kweyeNkanga.

UMzantsi Afrika yidemokhrasi. Isigqibo sokhetho sabantu bonke sanikwa ngowe-1994 xa kwaphela ucalulo. Ukususela ngoko, ukhetho luvulekile kwaye lukhuphisana, kwaye ubomi babantu baseMzantsi Afrika buye baphucuka kwiimethrikhi ezininzi.  Nangona kunjalo, ibhekene nemingeni njengoluntu olunobuhlanga obuninzi, olutsha lwentando yesininzi.  yachaza uMzantsi Afrika &quot;njengedemokhrasi enesiphene [kufuneka uhlaziye] Lilizwe elidibeneyo elinesibini elona lizwe likhulu elinomdla wolwakhiwo (kunye neMauritius neCabo Verde) kunye nelizwe elinesithathu elinomdla woluvo wolwakhiwo lwaseAfrika (kunye naseCabo Verde), kunye nelizwe eliphambili elinomdla wokhetho nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lolwazi lolwakhiwo lweAfrika, ngokutsho kwe-V-I-V-Dem Institute.

== Umongo ==
Ngomhla wama 31 kuCanzibe 1910 iCape Colony, I-Natal Colony, I-Transvaal kunye I-Orange River Colony zadityaniswa kwimo enye ebizwa ngokuba yi Union of South Africa. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwamkele inkqubo yolawulo esekwe kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseUnited Kingdom. Umlawuli waseBritani wayengumongameli welizwe loMzantsi Afrika yaye wayemelwe nguRhuluneli-Jikelele. Amandla okwenene ezopolitiko ayephantsi kweNdlu yoMphathiswa noKhabhinethi. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zale nkqubo ezifana norhulumente wamasebe amathathu nePalamente enamandla zisaqhubeka zisebenza namhlanje.

Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga 1926, iBalfour Declaration yamkelwa kwiNgqungquthela yoBukhosi ka 1926. Olu xwebhu lwenza ukuba ubukhosi boBukhosi baseBritane kuquka uMzantsi Afrika bufane omnye nomnye kunye neUnited Kingdom. Ngokwenyani, oku kwenza i-Union of South Africa yaba ligunya elizilawulayo loBukhosi baseBritani. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwaba ngowomntu ngamnye ngo-1931 xa kwavunywa Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster. Inika iParliament yaseMzantsi Afrika igunya lokwenza imithetho yoMzantsi Afrika ngaphandle kokuvunywa yiParliament yaseUnited Kingdom.

Ngowe-1948, Iqela lesizwe laseMzantsi Afrika lamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga obizwa ngokuba yi-apartheid. Abantu abanebala, ingakumbi abantu abamnyama abaninzi, baphulukana namalungelo ambalwa ababenayo. Ukwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga nokwahlulahlulwa kwakusetyenziselwa ukwahlula izixhobo zoqoqosho nokulawula amandla ezopolitiko. Abamhlophe, ngokukodwa Abantu baseAfrika, babelawula inkqubo yezopolitiko. Abantu abamnyama abazange babe namalungelo okuhlala kuwo onke amaphondo eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngowe-1961, uMzantsi Afrika waba yiRiphablikhi. UKumkani waseBritani wathatyathelw' indawo njengentloko karhulumente ngumphathi okhethwe yinani elincinane labantu ngeembongi ezikhethiweyo. Ngowe-1970, kwaphunyezwa uMthetho Wokuhlaliswa Kwabahlali BaseKhaya. Yakha kwinkqubo yokugcina abantu abamnyama baseAfrika ukuze yenze inkqubo yamazwe abamnyama azimeleyo. Abantu abaninzi abamnyama baphulukana nobumi babo baseMzantsi Afrika baza baba ngabemi I-Bantustan yesizwe sabo. Zange zaziwe ngamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini yaye umlinganiselo wolawulo lwazo oluzimeleyo kwimicimbi yangaphakathi wawulinganiselwe kakhulu.

IAfrican National Congress (ANC) yayikhokela ukulwa nale nkqubo yocalucalulo. Emva koxinzelelo olunzulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemfazwe yasekhaya, urhulumente uDe Klerk wacima okanye wanciphisa imithetho emininzi yocalucalulo. Emva kweengxoxo phakathi kwe-ANC, Inkatha Freedom Party, NP kunye neminye imibutho, ucalulo lwapheliswa ngokusesikweni kwaye uMgaqo-siseko weNqanaba wawamkelwa. AmaBantustans aqedwa aza abuyela eMzantsi Afrika kwaye abemi bawo bafumana ubuzwe baseMzantsi Afrika.

Urhulumente woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) owasekwa phantsi komgaqo-siseko ongeyomfuneko wahlala esebenzayo de kwaba kunyulo luka-1999. Amaqela aqala aquka i-GNU - African Natinal Congress (ANC), i-National Party (NP), kunye ne-Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) - babelana ngamandla aphantsi. Ngomhla wama-30 kuJuni 1996, i-NP yazihoxisa kwi-GNU ukuze ibe yinxalenye yeqela elichasayo.

Uninzi lwemigaqo yokulingana ngokobuhlanga, idemokhrasi yabaninzi kunye namalungelo abantu abambalwa eyawasekayo yaguqulelwa kuMgaqo -siseko wokugqibela waseMzantsi Afrika owamkelwa ngo-1996 kwaye usasebenza. Ichaza ulwakhiwo lukarhulumente, ikhusela amalungelo oluntu asisiseko, idala iindlela zokuphendula kwaye yahlulahlula amandla omthetho nawolawulo phakathi kwamacandelo karhulumente kazwelonke, amaphondo kunye nawasekuhlaleni.

Kwivoti ka-2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa yinani layo kwiPalamente okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi ye-SA. Ngenxa yeengxoxo ezalandelayo, kwaqaliswa umanyano lwamaqela amaninzi. Eli yayiyiRhulumente wokuqala woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) kweli lizwe ukususela ngo-1994. I-GNU yayinabantu abane ababumba, kwaye abanye abathathu bajoyina kamva. Bonke abasixhenxe babemelwe kwiKhabhinethi yesithathu kaCyril Ramaphosa, benqunywe kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo zoMphathiswa. Amaqela amabini ongezelelweyo amelwe ngabaSekela boMphathiswa, kwaye elinye iqela elinye lithathe inxaxheba kwi-coalition kodwa alimele kwiKhabhinethi. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho amalungu ali-10 ukususela ngo-2026.

Iipolisi ze-I-Afrobarometer zibonise ukuba imiba ephambili ukususela ngo-2026 yayikungasebenzi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye norhwaphilizo, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kokungonelisekanga kwentando yesininzi.

== Urhulumente ==
UMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary representative democratic republic, apho UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika, okhethwe yiparliament, iyintloko karhulumente, kwaye kwinkqubo yamaqela amaninzi. Iquka amasebe amathathu.

Igosa elilawulayo libunjwa ngumongameli woMzantsi Afrika kunye IKhabhinethi yoMzantsi Afrika. UMongameli ukhethwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika ixesha leminyaka emihlanu. UMongameli unokukhonza nje izihlandlo ezibini. Ngokwenkomfa eli sikhundla sihlala yinkokeli yeqela elikhulu kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. UMongameli umisela amanye amalungu eKhabhinethi abizwa ngokuba ngabalungiseleli. Oonongameli balawula amasebe karhulumente. IKhabhinethi yenza kwaye iphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zivela kwiKhabhinethi.

Umongameli kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi banoxanduva kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. Inegunya lokubasusa esikhundleni ngokudlulisa isicelo sokungathembi nokubabamba ukuba baphendule imibuzo ebuzwa ngamalungu ePalamente ngomlomo nangokubhaliweyo.

Igumbi elishukumayo libunjwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika, apho Amalungu ePhalamende akhethwe ngokwentando yesininzi (iMPs) emele abo bakhetha wona. IParliament ineendawo ezimbini ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezihlala abantu abangama-490.

Indlu enkulu, ephantsi yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, enamalungu angama-400 ePalamente, kwaye isebenza kakhulu kwizindlu ezimbini. Ilawula ubume karhulumente yaye imvume yayo iyafuneka ukuze uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zibe ngumthetho. I-National Assembly ikhethwa ngokumelwa ngamaqela. 

Indlu ephezulu yiBhunga leSizwe laMaphondo (i-NCOP), elinama-MP angama-90. Inika ummeli olinganayo kumaphondo asithoba oMzantsi Afrika, kwaye imvume yayo iyafuneka kwimithetho echaphazela amaphondo kunye noluntu lwenkcubeko yoMzantsi Afrika. I-NCOP ikhethwa ziinkundla ezisemthethweni zephondo ngalinye.

Isebe lezomthetho libunjwa ziinkundla. Lithetha yaye liphumeza imithetho. Inkundla ephakamileyo yemibandela yomgaqo-siseko yiNkundla yoMgaqo-sisiseko yoMzantsi Afrika. Inamandla okuphelisa imithetho engqubanayo noMgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwimicimbi engekho kumgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika yinkundla enegunya eliqhelekileyo lokubhena. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo anegunya kummandla welizwe. Iinkundla zoMantyi zisebenza njengeenkundla zesigxina sokuqala. Kukho iinkundla ezikhethekileyo neenkundla ezinegunya elinganiselwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Yokufaka Izibheno.

== Umgaqo-siseko ==
[[File:ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-20070622.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ihlala iJohannersburg kwi Constitution Hill. Nguwo umgwebi wokugqibela womgaqo-siseko kwaye izigqibo zawo zibopha zonke iinkundla kwiRiphablikhi]]
Emva konyulo lwango-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawulawulwa ngumgaqo-siseko wesithuba. Lo mgaqo-siseko wawufuna ukuba iNdibano yoMgaqo-sisiseko (CA) ibhale kwaye ivume umgaqo-sisekelo osisigxina ngoMeyi 9, 1996. Umgaqo-siseko wangoku wamkelwa ngo-1996 waza wamkelwa nguMongameli Nelson Mandela ngo-1997. Ngumthetho ophakamileyo kweli lizwe; yonke eminye imithetho kulindeleke ukuba ilandele kwaye ihambelane nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko awubeki nje kuphela ulwakhiwo lwamasebe amathathu karhulumente kunye namalungelo oluntu asisiseko abo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa ukwakha nokulawulwa kwezimali zikarhulumente, umda nemida yoMbutho wePhondo kunye nokwakhiwa kweZiko kwiSahluko 9 ukuze urhulumente abe noxanduva.

== Amaqela ezopolitiko kunye nesabelo sawo sevoti ngoku ==
Unyulo jikelele lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Unyulo lokuqala lwentando yesininzi olungenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga lwabanjwa ngo- 1994 . Unyulo olulandelayo lwabanjwa ngo- 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, nango -2024 . Kude kube ngu-2008, amagosa anyuliweyo ayevunyelwe ukutshintsha amaqela ezopolitiko, ngelixa egcina izihlalo zawo, ngexesha leefestile ezibekiweyo ezenzeka kabini kwixesha ngalinye lonyulo, ngenxa yezilungiso eziphikisanayo zomthetho ezenziwa ngo-2002. Iifestile ezimbini zokugqibela zokuwela umgangatho zenzeka ngo-2005 nango-2007.

Emva konyulo luka-2009, iANC yalahlekelwa lnani le-2/3 kwisigqeba sesizwe esisemthethweni, nto leyo eyayivumela ukuba itshintshe umgaqo-siseko ngokwahlukileyo.

I-Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) kunye ne-South African Communist Party (SACP) zikwisivumelwano esisemthethweni ne-ANC (i-Tripartite Alliance) ekhoyo, kwaye ke azizimele ngokwahlukeneyo kunyulo.

Ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka 2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa linani layo kwiparlamende yesizwe okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi yoMzantsi Afrika, nangona yayisaqhubeka njengeqela elikhulu lezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho urhulumente wobunye besizwe (GNU) weqela lamaqela amaninzi. Yayineengxenye ezine zokuqalisa, kwaye ine-10 iyonke, ukususela ngo-2026.

== Amalungelo oluntu ==
Umgaqo-siseko unikeza iziqinisekiso ezininzi, kuquka ukulingana phambi komthetho kunye nokuvalwa kokwahlulahlula; ilungelo lobomi, ubumfihlo, impahla, nenkululeko nokhuseleko lomntu; ukunqandwa kobukhoboka kunye nokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa; inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, yokuhlanganisana, nentlangano. Amalungelo asemthethweni abasolwayo ngokolwaphulo-mthetho nawo abhalwe phantsi. Kwakhona iquka iziqinisekiso ezibanzi ukufikelela ekutyeni, emanzini, kwimfundo, kwizonyango nakwimibutho yoluntu. Umgaqo-siseko ubeka iinkqubo zenkundla ezimeleyo nezingakhethi buso, yaye, enyanisweni, ezi nkalo ziyahlonitshwa.

Amalungelo abemi okufumana indawo ekhuselekileyo, izindlu, imfundo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo aqukwe kuMthetho wamaLungelo, kwaye aziwa njengamalungelo omgaqo-siseko wesibini. Ngowama-2003 amalungelo esibini ngokomgaqo-siseko asetyenziswa yi- Treatment Action Campaign, iqela elilwela amalungelo e-HIV/AIDS njengendlela yokunyanzela urhulumente ukuba atshintshe umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wezempilo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo, kuquka ugonyamelo olubhekiswe kumabhinqa nabantwana, nolwaphulo mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo zikwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ziyinto enzulu. Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi kubakho isenzo sokuphepha isigwebo nesigwebo esivela kwiqela labantu. Abanye abezopolitiko baseMzantsi Afrika babekhuthaza ugonyamelo olusekwe kuhlanga okanye ubulungu bezopolitiko ngokutsho kweNkundla yoLingano yaseMzantsi Afrika.

Amanye amapolisa atyholwa ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokugqithiseleyo nangokuxhaphaza abantu abasemagunyeni; ngenxa yoko, inani labantu abafa besemagunyweni lisengumcimbi. kweyeDwarha 1997, urhulumente waseka iSebe lezikhalazo elizimeleyo ukuze liphonononge ukufa kwabantu abasemagunyeni nakubantu abafa ngenxa yokungenelela kwamapolisa.

Olunye ucalulo olwenziwe kumabhinqa luyaqhubeka, nangona luye lwaphucuka ngokubanzi, yaye ucalulo olunikwe abo baphila neHIV/AIDS luye lwaba ngumcimbi onzulu.

Kukho ukunyamezela okungaphezulu kwezopolitiko kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

== Oopolitiko ababalaseleyo ==
I-Bantubonke Holomisa, owayengumkhosi omkhulu kwilizwe laseTranskei ukususela ngo-1987, uye wakhonza njengomongameli weUnited Democratic Movement ukususela ngo-1997. Namhlanje ulilungu lePalamente.

UGeneral UConstand Viljoen wayengumlawuli wangaphambili weMikhosi yoKhuselo yaseMzantsi Afrika, owathi, njengenkokeli ye-I-Afrikaner Volksfront, wathumela ama-1500  amajoni akhe ukuba axhase urhulumente ULucas Mangope kwaye aphikisane nokupheliswa kweBophuthatswana njengekhaya ngo-1994. Wayesebenzisana nokuseka iFront Freedom ngo-1994. Uthathe umhlalaphantsi ekubeni lilungu lePalamente ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-2020.

ULucas Mangope, owayesakuba yinkokeli yeqela lama Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane, owayesengumongameli weBantustan yaseBophuthatswana, wayengumongameli weqela leUnited Christian Democratic Party.

== Bona kwakho ==

* Uhlolisiso lweInternet eMzantsi Afrika
* Imithetho yokuthetha inzondo eMzantsi Afrika

== Imithombo ==

== Iincwadi ==

* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika, 1996. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-South-Africa-1996].
* I-United Kingdom. Umthetho woMzantsi Afrika, ka-1909. Ifumaneka kw[https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf I-http://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster, ngowe-1931. Iyafumaneka kwi-&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpga_19310004_en.pdf https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Isibhengezo sikaBalfour, ngowe-1926.
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umthetho woBumi bamaBantu, 1970. Iyafumaneka kwi-http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/leg19700309028020026
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika, uMthetho 200 ka-1993. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-act-200-1993 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constituction-republic-south-Africa-act-200-1993]
* UMzantsi Afrika. Imeko yeManyano, Umthetho 69 ka 1934.

== Funda ngokugqithisileyo ==

* {{Cite book|last=Habib|first=Adam|title=South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects|publisher=Wits University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-86814-608-6|author-link=Adam Habib}}
* {{Cite book|last=Plaut|first=Martin|title=Who Rules South Africa?|last2=Holden|first2=Paul|publisher=Biteback Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1849544085}}
* {{Cite book|title=Political Parties in South Africa - Do They Undermine or Underpin Democracy?|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7983-0514-3|editor-last=Thuynsma|editor-first=Heather}}
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