Oliver Tambo

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      <text bytes="10945" sha1="jsgld5v64bful268rnbz2gyqq72xjpj" xml:space="preserve">Obomi  bobudala
uTambo wazalwa ngomhla 27 kweye Dwarha ngo-1917 kwilali yaseNkantolo eBizana; kwimpuma yaseMaMpondweni kwiphondo ngoku esele lisaziwa libizwa iMpuma Kapa. Ilali uTambo azalelwa kuyo yenziwa luninzi lwabalimi. [Uyathethisa] Utata wakhe, uMzimeni Tambo, wayengunyana womlimi kunye nomncedisi wentengiso kwivenkile yokuthengisa yendawo. UMzimeni wayenabafazi abane nabantwana abalishumi, bonke bengafundanga. Umama kaOliver, unkosikazi wesithathu waseMzimeni, wabizwa ngokuba nguJulia. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/oliver-reginald-kaizana-tambo&lt;/ref&gt; UTambo wayevela kwintsapho ezinzileyo apho abantwana bakayise banemfundo elungileyo. Waye waya kwizikolo zama-Anglican kunye nezabe-Methodist, kuquka ne-Holy Cross kwisikolo sobufundisi kunye nomntakwabo ngo Tshazimpuzi 1928. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu e-Holy Cross, uTambo wagqwesa kwizifundo zakhe kwaye wathuthela eSt Peter eRhawutini. UTambo waphumelela ngo-1938 njengomnye wabafundi abagqwesileyo. Emva koku, uTambo wamkelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseFort Hare kodwa ngo-1940 yena, kunye nabanye abaliqela kubandakanya uNelson Mandela, wagxothwa ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo lwabafundi. Ngo-1942, uTambo wabuyela kwisikolo sakhe samabanga aphakamileyo eRhawutini ukuya kufundisa ubuchwepeshe(Science)kwakunye neZibalo(Mathematics).

Ngo-1944, uTambo, uMandela kunye noWalter Sisulu baseka umbutho wolutsha we-ANC, uTambo yaba nguNobhala wayo wokuqala welizwe kunye nelungu leSigqeba seLizwe ngo-1948. Umbutho wolutsha waphakamisela utshintsho kwiqhinga lombutho olwa nobandlululo. Ngaphambili, i-ANC ibikade ifuna ukuqhubela phambili unobangela wayo ngezenzo ezinje ngezikhalazo kunye nemiboniso; Umbutho wolutsha waziva ukuba ezi zenzo azonelanga ekufezekiseni iinjongo zeqela kwaye zacetyiswa eyabo &quot;Inkqubo yokuSebenza&quot;. Le nkqubo yaxhasa amaqhinga afana nokubhalwa kwabafana, ukungathobeli eluntwini, ukubetha, kunye nokungabambisani.

Ngo-1955, uTambo waba ngu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-ANC emva kokuvalwa umlomo kukaSisulu ngurhulumente woMzantsi Afrika phantsi komThetho wokuNgqinelana nobuKomanisi. Ngo-1958, waba ngu-Sekela Mongameli we-ANC kwaye ngonyaka ka-1959 wakhonzwa ngeminyaka emihlanu yokuvalwa umlomo ngurhulumente.

== '''Ukuphila eLondon''' ==
Ukuphendula oku, uTambo wathunyelwa phesheya yi-ANC ukuya kukhuthaza inkcaso yocalucalulo. Uzinze nosapho bakhe eMuswell Hill, emantla e-London, apho wayehlala khona de kwangowe-1990. Ukugxothwa kwakhe kuye kwamcaphukisa ukubona umkakhe nabantwana abathathu, kodwa unkosikazi wakhe u-Adelaide wayixhasa i-ANC ekhaya ngokuthatha amalungu e-ANC afika e-UK.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/oliver-tambo-the-exile-394806.html |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2012-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131165646/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/oliver-tambo-the-exile-394806.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-1967, uTambo waba ngu-Mongameli we-ANC, emva kokubulawa kweenkosi u-Albert Lutuli. Wayefuna ukugcina i-ANC kunye nangona wayegxothwe eMzantsi Afrika. Ngenxa yobunkhokheli bakhe obunobuchule, waye wakwazi ukutsalela kuye abantu abatsha baseMzantsi Afrika abanezakhono phakathi kwabo singamkhankanya uThabo Mbeki.

Ngomhla wama-30 kuDisemba ngo-1979 eLusaka, eZambia, Tambo njengo-Mongameli kunye no-Alfred Nzo, owayengu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-ANC, badibana noTim Jenkin, uStephen Lee kunye no-Alex Moumbaris, amalungu e-ANC abaleka ekubanjisweni kwintolongo yasePhillip kgosi njengamabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ubukho babo babhengezwa ngokusesikweni yi-ANC ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari kwaye uTambo wabazisa kwinkomfa yeendaba nge-2 kaJanuwari 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/escape-pretoria-tim-jenkin&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Umsebenzi we-guerrilla''' ==
i zerhasi esebenzayo. Ekunye nabalingane bakhe uNelson Mandela, uJoe Slovo, kunye noWalter Sisulu, uTambo walathisa kwaye waququzelela uhlaselo oluninzi ngurhulumente wengcinezelo. [Ucaphula ulwazi] kudliwanondlebe luka-1985, uTambo wacatshulwa esithi, &quot;Ngaphambili, besisithi i-ANC ngeke buthathe ngabom ubomi obungenatyala. Kodwa ngoku, xa sijonga okwenzekayo eMzantsi Afrika, kunzima ukuthi abahlali bangazukufa. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/escape-pretoria-tim-jenkin&lt;/ref&gt;

IKhomishini ye-Nkululeko noXolelwaniso emva kocalucalulo (i-TRC) ngo-1997-1998 yachonga uTambo njengomntu owanikezela ngemvume yokugqibela yibhombu yecawe yesitalato i-20 Meyi 1983, eyakhokelela &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/20/newsid_4326000/4326975.stm&lt;/ref&gt;ekufeni kwabantu abayi-19 kwalimala abantu abayi-197-217. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9705/s970512a.htm |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017035846/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9705/s970512a.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Olo hlaselo lwenziwa iiyunithi ekhethekileyo ye-Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) ye-ANC, eyalelwa ngu-Aboobaker Ismail. Iiyunithi ezinje zazigunyazisiwe nguTambo njengoMongameli we-ANC ngo-1979. Ngexesha lolwaphulo olo, baxela uJoe Slovo njengenkosi yabasebenzi.

Ungenelelo lwe-ANC luthi le bhombu iphendula uqhankqalazo olunqumleze eMzantsi-Afrika lwangena eLesotho ngoDisemba ngo-1982 eyabulala abaxhasi be-42 kunye nabemi baseburhulumenteni, kunye nokubulawa kukaRuth Okokuqala, Itshantliziyo le-ANC kunye nenkosikazi kaJoe Slovo, eMaputo. Mozambikh. Ibango lokuba abali-11 kwabona bantu bangamaxhoba e-SADF yiyo loo nto bejolise emkhosini. Ummeli wezomthetho kwamanye amaxhoba aphikise ukuba njengoko bengabasebenzi bezolawulo, kubandakanya neefowuni kunye noochwephesha, abanakujongwa njengento esemthethweni ejolise kuyo.

Izenzo ezilishumi zeMK, kubandakanya u-Ismail, isicelo sokuxolelwa koku kunye nezinye iibhombu. Ezi zicelo zazichasene nezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuba yayihlaselo lwabanqolobi olungazinzanga kwezopolitiko. I-TRC ifumanise ukuba inani labemi bodwa xa kuthelekiswa nabezomkhosi babulewe alicacanga. Amanani amaPolisa oMzantsi Afrika abonise ukuba amalungu asixhenxe eSADF abulawa. Ikhomishini ifumanise ukuba ubuncinci abangama-84 kwabalimala yayingamalungu okanye abasebenzi beSADF. Uxolelo lwamkelwe yi-TRC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2017-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118165926/http://www.justice.gov.za/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-1985, wanyulwa njengoMongameli we-ANC

== '''Buyela eMzantsi Afrika''' ==
Ubuyele eMzantsi Afrika ngomhla we-13 ngeyoMnga ngo1990 emveni kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ekubhacweni,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://www.deseret.com/1990/12/13/18895960/anc-leader-returns-to-s-africa-after-spending-30-years-in-exile&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;emva konyulwa njengo-Sihlalo kaZwelonke we-ANC kwinyanga yeKhala kwangalo nyaka. Ukwazile ukubuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngenxa yomthetho we-ANC. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Xa ebuyayo emva kwexesha lakhe ekubhacweni wafumana inkxaso eninzi. Olunye lwale nkxaso luvela nakwiimbangi zakudala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;https://search.proquest.com/docview/109199697&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokubetha kwakhe ngo-1989. Kwakunzima kuye ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe njengo-Mongameli we-ANC, ke ngo-1991 uNelson Mandela wathatha njengo-Mongameli we-ANC. Xa ehla njengo-Mongameli, ingqungquthela yamenzela isikhundla njengoSihlalo kaZwelonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== '''Ukufa''' ==
Emva kwengxaki emva kokubethwa, uTambo waswutywa ku kufa ngomhla wama 24 kwinyanga ka Tshazimpuzi ngo-1993 eneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezili-14 emveni kokubulawa kukaChris Hani kunye nonyaka omnye ngaphambi konyulo jikelele luka-1994 apho uNelson Mandela waba nguMongameli woMzantsi Afrika. UMandela, uThabo Mbeki kunye noWalter Sisulu baya kumngcwabo. UTambo wangcwatyelwa eBenoni, eGauteng.

== '''Ubudlelwane bamanye amazwe''' ==
Umlo onamandla wokulwa nocalucalulo wazisa uTambo ukuba enze uthotho lobuhlobo obukhulu bamazwe. Ngo-1977, uTambo watyikitya isivumelwano sobumbano phakathi kwe-ANC kunye nomasipala: idolophu yase-Italy iRegio Emilia yayisisixeko sokuqala emhlabeni ukusayina isivumelwano sobumbano. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Esi yayisisiqalo sokuqonda okude okwazisa i-Italiya ukuba yenze umzamo kwizenzo zekhonkrithi zokuxhasa ilungelo lokuzimela kwabantu base-Afrika; Elinye lala manyathelo yayiyintlangano yeenqanawa ezinzileyo. Owokuqala, obizwa &quot;uAmanda&quot;, wemka eGenova ngo-1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;YayinguTambo ngokwakhe owacela uReggio Emilia ukuba enze iimedali zeMeditwalandwe, oyena mkhulu kwezona ntlonipho ze-ANC &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== '''Imbeko''' ==
Ngo-2004, wavotwa ngenani lama-31 kwi-SABC3 enkulu yoMzantsi Afrika, [ecaphula] efumana amanqaku angaphantsi kwaH. F. Verwoerd, ngaphambi kokuba uSABC athathe isigqibo sokurhoxisa imijikelezo yokugqibela yokuvota. Isigqibo sokurhoxisa iziphumo besazisiwe sisibakala sokuba uninzi lwabantu abamnyama base Mzantsi zange bathathe inxaxheba kuvoto, kuba iSABC3 yayibeka ikakhulu kwizithethi zesiNgesi.

Ekupheleni kuka-2005, abapolitiki be-ANC babhengeza izicwangciso zokuthiya kwakhona i-Johannesburg International Airport emva kwakhe. Isindululo samkelwe kwaye umsitho wokuphinda ubizwe ngomhla wama-27 ku-Okthobha ka-2006. Urhulumente owayelawulwa yi-ANC wayebuye wathi igama lesikhululo iJan Smuts njengeSikhululo senqwelomoya saseRhawutini ngo-1994 ngezizathu zokuba izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zase Mzantsi Afrika zingabizwa ngamagama ezopolitiko.

Kukho ukuqunjelwa kwe-O.R. I-Tambo kwindawo yase-Albert Road Reconwabo Ground, Muswell Hill, ngaphandle kwe-Alexandra Park School. NgoJuni ngo-2013, isixeko saseRegio Emilia (e-Itali) sabhiyozela iTambo ngokudala ipaki enikezelwe kuMongameli we-African National Congress.

Indlu yakhe iku-51 Alexandra Park Road, Muswell Hill, London, yathengwa nguRhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka-2010 njengesikhumbuzo esenziwe ngembali kwaye ngoku inomfanekiso oqingqiweyo.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ingcwaba likaTambo labhengezwa njengendawo yeLifa leMveli kuZwelonke xa wasweleka kodwa waphulukana nale meko xa wasweleka umkakhe uAdelaide Tambo, wangcwatyelwa ecaleni kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo ingcwaba labo laphinda labhengezwa njenge-National Heritage ngeye Dwarha ngo 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ukuqukumbela imibhiyozo yeminyaka elikhulu yokuzalwa kukaTambo, isikhumbuzo sasibanjelwe kwiRegina Mundi Catholic Church eMoroka, eSoweto ngomhla wama-27 kweye Dwarha 2017. Esi siganeko sifanayo saphawula nakwinkulungwane yokupheliswa kwempi yomkhosi we-SS Mendi. Umsitho uxhaswe ngu-Ambesi Lindiwe Mabuza kunye no-Fr Lawrence Mduduzi Ndlovu, bekunye ne-Thabo Mbeki Foundation kunye ne-Oliver kunye ne-Adelaide Tambo Foundation. Iikwayala ezithatha inxaxheba yayingu-Imilonji KaNtu Choral Society, i-Johannesburg Metro Police Choir kunye ne Ekhurhuleni Metro Police Choir. Owayecula ngalomhla yayingu Sibongile Khumalo.</text>
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      <text bytes="11161" sha1="2bl957lybdnqs67zay4mp0m5q46tvwo" xml:space="preserve">Obomi  bobudala
 uTambo wazalwa ngomhla 27 kweye Dwarha ngo-1917 kwilali yaseNkantolo eBizana; kwimpuma yaseMaMpondweni kwiphondo ngoku esele lisaziwa libizwa iMpuma Kapa. Ilali uTambo azalelwa kuyo yenziwa luninzi lwabalimi. [Uyathethisa] Utata wakhe, uMzimeni Tambo, wayengunyana womlimi kunye nomncedisi wentengiso kwivenkile yokuthengisa yendawo. UMzimeni wayenabafazi abane nabantwana abalishumi, bonke bengafundanga. Umama kaOliver, unkosikazi wesithathu waseMzimeni, wabizwa ngokuba nguJulia. [1] UTambo wayevela kwintsapho ezinzileyo apho abantwana bakayise banemfundo elungileyo. Waye waya kwizikolo zama-Anglican kunye nezabe-Methodist, kuquka ne-Holy Cross kwisikolo sobufundisi kunye nomntakwabo ngo Tshazimpuzi 1928. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu e-Holy Cross, uTambo wagqwesa kwizifundo zakhe kwaye wathuthela eSt Peter eRhawutini. UTambo waphumelela ngo-1938 njengomnye wabafundi abagqwesileyo. Emva koku, uTambo wamkelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseFort Hare kodwa ngo-1940 yena, kunye nabanye abaliqela kubandakanya uNelson Mandela, wagxothwa ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo lwabafundi. Ngo-1942, uTambo wabuyela kwisikolo sakhe samabanga aphakamileyo eRhawutini ukuya kufundisa ubuchwepeshe(Science)kwakunye neZibalo(Mathematics).

Ngo-1944, uTambo, uMandela kunye noWalter Sisulu baseka umbutho wolutsha we-ANC, uTambo yaba nguNobhala wayo wokuqala welizwe kunye nelungu leSigqeba seLizwe ngo-1948. Umbutho wolutsha waphakamisela utshintsho kwiqhinga lombutho olwa nobandlululo. Ngaphambili, i-ANC ibikade ifuna ukuqhubela phambili unobangela wayo ngezenzo ezinje ngezikhalazo kunye nemiboniso; Umbutho wolutsha waziva ukuba ezi zenzo azonelanga ekufezekiseni iinjongo zeqela kwaye zacetyiswa eyabo &quot;Inkqubo yokuSebenza&quot;. Le nkqubo yaxhasa amaqhinga afana nokubhalwa kwabafana, ukungathobeli eluntwini, ukubetha, kunye nokungabambisani.

Ngo-1955, uTambo waba ngu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-ANC emva kokuvalwa umlomo kukaSisulu ngurhulumente woMzantsi Afrika phantsi komThetho wokuNgqinelana nobuKomanisi. Ngo-1958, waba ngu-Sekela Mongameli we-ANC kwaye ngonyaka ka-1959 wakhonzwa ngeminyaka emihlanu yokuvalwa umlomo ngurhulumente.

Ukuphila eLondon
Ukuphendula oku, uTambo wathunyelwa phesheya yi-ANC ukuya kukhuthaza inkcaso yocalucalulo. Uzinze nosapho bakhe eMuswell Hill, emantla e-London, apho wayehlala khona de kwangowe-1990. Ukugxothwa kwakhe kuye kwamcaphukisa ukubona umkakhe nabantwana abathathu, kodwa unkosikazi wakhe u-Adelaide wayixhasa i-ANC ekhaya ngokuthatha amalungu e-ANC afika e-UK.[2]

Ngo-1967, uTambo waba ngu-Mongameli we-ANC, emva kokubulawa kweenkosi u-Albert Lutuli. Wayefuna ukugcina i-ANC kunye nangona wayegxothwe eMzantsi Afrika. Ngenxa yobunkhokheli bakhe obunobuchule, waye wakwazi ukutsalela kuye abantu abatsha baseMzantsi Afrika abanezakhono phakathi kwabo singamkhankanya uThabo Mbeki.

Ngomhla wama-30 kuDisemba ngo-1979 eLusaka, eZambia, Tambo njengo-Mongameli kunye no-Alfred Nzo, owayengu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-ANC, badibana noTim Jenkin, uStephen Lee kunye no-Alex Moumbaris, amalungu e-ANC abaleka ekubanjisweni kwintolongo yasePhillip kgosi njengamabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ubukho babo babhengezwa ngokusesikweni yi-ANC ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari kwaye uTambo wabazisa kwinkomfa yeendaba nge-2 kaJanuwari 1980. [3]

Ngo-1967, uTambo waba ngu-Mongameli we-ANC, emva kokubulawa kweenkosi u-Albert Lutuli. Wayefuna ukugcina i-ANC kunye nangona wayegxothwe eMzantsi Afrika. Ngenxa yobunkhokheli bakhe obunobuchule, waye wakwazi ukutsalela kuye abantu abatsha baseMzantsi Afrika abanezakhono phakathi kwabo singamkhankanya uThabo Mbeki.

Ngomhla wama-30 kuDisemba ngo-1979 eLusaka, eZambia, Tambo njengo-Mongameli kunye no-Alfred Nzo, owayengu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-ANC, badibana noTim Jenkin, uStephen Lee kunye no-Alex Moumbaris, amalungu e-ANC abaleka ekubanjisweni kwintolongo yasePhillip kgosi njengamabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ubukho babo babhengezwa ngokusesikweni yi-ANC ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari kwaye uTambo wabazisa kwinkomfa yeendaba nge-2 kaJanuwari 1980.

Umsebenzi we-guerrilla
i zerhasi esebenzayo. Ekunye nabalingane bakhe uNelson Mandela, uJoe Slovo, kunye noWalter Sisulu, uTambo walathisa kwaye waququzelela uhlaselo oluninzi ngurhulumente wengcinezelo. [Ucaphula ulwazi] kudliwanondlebe luka-1985, uTambo wacatshulwa esithi, &quot;Ngaphambili, besisithi i-ANC ngeke buthathe ngabom ubomi obungenatyala. Kodwa ngoku, xa sijonga okwenzekayo eMzantsi Afrika, kunzima ukuthi abahlali bangazukufa. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/escape-pretoria-tim-jenkin&lt;/ref&gt;

IKhomishini ye-Nkululeko noXolelwaniso emva kocalucalulo (i-TRC) ngo-1997-1998 yachonga uTambo njengomntu owanikezela ngemvume yokugqibela yibhombu yecawe yesitalato i-20 Meyi 1983, eyakhokelela &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/20/newsid_4326000/4326975.stm&lt;/ref&gt;ekufeni kwabantu abayi-19 kwalimala abantu abayi-197-217. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9705/s970512a.htm |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017035846/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9705/s970512a.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Olo hlaselo lwenziwa iiyunithi ekhethekileyo ye-Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) ye-ANC, eyalelwa ngu-Aboobaker Ismail. Iiyunithi ezinje zazigunyazisiwe nguTambo njengoMongameli we-ANC ngo-1979. Ngexesha lolwaphulo olo, baxela uJoe Slovo njengenkosi yabasebenzi.

Ungenelelo lwe-ANC luthi le bhombu iphendula uqhankqalazo olunqumleze eMzantsi-Afrika lwangena eLesotho ngoDisemba ngo-1982 eyabulala abaxhasi be-42 kunye nabemi baseburhulumenteni, kunye nokubulawa kukaRuth Okokuqala, Itshantliziyo le-ANC kunye nenkosikazi kaJoe Slovo, eMaputo. Mozambikh. Ibango lokuba abali-11 kwabona bantu bangamaxhoba e-SADF yiyo loo nto bejolise emkhosini. Ummeli wezomthetho kwamanye amaxhoba aphikise ukuba njengoko bengabasebenzi bezolawulo, kubandakanya neefowuni kunye noochwephesha, abanakujongwa njengento esemthethweni ejolise kuyo.

Izenzo ezilishumi zeMK, kubandakanya u-Ismail, isicelo sokuxolelwa koku kunye nezinye iibhombu. Ezi zicelo zazichasene nezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuba yayihlaselo lwabanqolobi olungazinzanga kwezopolitiko. I-TRC ifumanise ukuba inani labemi bodwa xa kuthelekiswa nabezomkhosi babulewe alicacanga. Amanani amaPolisa oMzantsi Afrika abonise ukuba amalungu asixhenxe eSADF abulawa. Ikhomishini ifumanise ukuba ubuncinci abangama-84 kwabalimala yayingamalungu okanye abasebenzi beSADF. Uxolelo lwamkelwe yi-TRC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2017-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118165926/http://www.justice.gov.za/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-1985, wanyulwa njengoMongameli we-ANC

== '''Buyela eMzantsi Afrika''' ==
Ubuyele eMzantsi Afrika ngomhla we-13 ngeyoMnga ngo1990 emveni kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ekubhacweni,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://www.deseret.com/1990/12/13/18895960/anc-leader-returns-to-s-africa-after-spending-30-years-in-exile&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;emva konyulwa njengo-Sihlalo kaZwelonke we-ANC kwinyanga yeKhala kwangalo nyaka. Ukwazile ukubuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngenxa yomthetho we-ANC. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Xa ebuyayo emva kwexesha lakhe ekubhacweni wafumana inkxaso eninzi. Olunye lwale nkxaso luvela nakwiimbangi zakudala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;https://search.proquest.com/docview/109199697&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokubetha kwakhe ngo-1989. Kwakunzima kuye ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe njengo-Mongameli we-ANC, ke ngo-1991 uNelson Mandela wathatha njengo-Mongameli we-ANC. Xa ehla njengo-Mongameli, ingqungquthela yamenzela isikhundla njengoSihlalo kaZwelonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== '''Ukufa''' ==
Emva kwengxaki emva kokubethwa, uTambo waswutywa ku kufa ngomhla wama 24 kwinyanga ka Tshazimpuzi ngo-1993 eneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezili-14 emveni kokubulawa kukaChris Hani kunye nonyaka omnye ngaphambi konyulo jikelele luka-1994 apho uNelson Mandela waba nguMongameli woMzantsi Afrika. UMandela, uThabo Mbeki kunye noWalter Sisulu baya kumngcwabo. UTambo wangcwatyelwa eBenoni, eGauteng.

== '''Ubudlelwane bamanye amazwe''' ==
Umlo onamandla wokulwa nocalucalulo wazisa uTambo ukuba enze uthotho lobuhlobo obukhulu bamazwe. Ngo-1977, uTambo watyikitya isivumelwano sobumbano phakathi kwe-ANC kunye nomasipala: idolophu yase-Italy iRegio Emilia yayisisixeko sokuqala emhlabeni ukusayina isivumelwano sobumbano. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Esi yayisisiqalo sokuqonda okude okwazisa i-Italiya ukuba yenze umzamo kwizenzo zekhonkrithi zokuxhasa ilungelo lokuzimela kwabantu base-Afrika; Elinye lala manyathelo yayiyintlangano yeenqanawa ezinzileyo. Owokuqala, obizwa &quot;uAmanda&quot;, wemka eGenova ngo-1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;YayinguTambo ngokwakhe owacela uReggio Emilia ukuba enze iimedali zeMeditwalandwe, oyena mkhulu kwezona ntlonipho ze-ANC &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== '''Imbeko''' ==
Ngo-2004, wavotwa ngenani lama-31 kwi-SABC3 enkulu yoMzantsi Afrika, [ecaphula] efumana amanqaku angaphantsi kwaH. F. Verwoerd, ngaphambi kokuba uSABC athathe isigqibo sokurhoxisa imijikelezo yokugqibela yokuvota. Isigqibo sokurhoxisa iziphumo besazisiwe sisibakala sokuba uninzi lwabantu abamnyama base Mzantsi zange bathathe inxaxheba kuvoto, kuba iSABC3 yayibeka ikakhulu kwizithethi zesiNgesi.

Ekupheleni kuka-2005, abapolitiki be-ANC babhengeza izicwangciso zokuthiya kwakhona i-Johannesburg International Airport emva kwakhe. Isindululo samkelwe kwaye umsitho wokuphinda ubizwe ngomhla wama-27 ku-Okthobha ka-2006. Urhulumente owayelawulwa yi-ANC wayebuye wathi igama lesikhululo iJan Smuts njengeSikhululo senqwelomoya saseRhawutini ngo-1994 ngezizathu zokuba izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zase Mzantsi Afrika zingabizwa ngamagama ezopolitiko.

Kukho ukuqunjelwa kwe-O.R. I-Tambo kwindawo yase-Albert Road Reconwabo Ground, Muswell Hill, ngaphandle kwe-Alexandra Park School. NgoJuni ngo-2013, isixeko saseRegio Emilia (e-Itali) sabhiyozela iTambo ngokudala ipaki enikezelwe kuMongameli we-African National Congress.

Indlu yakhe iku-51 Alexandra Park Road, Muswell Hill, London, yathengwa nguRhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka-2010 njengesikhumbuzo esenziwe ngembali kwaye ngoku inomfanekiso oqingqiweyo.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ingcwaba likaTambo labhengezwa njengendawo yeLifa leMveli kuZwelonke xa wasweleka kodwa waphulukana nale meko xa wasweleka umkakhe uAdelaide Tambo, wangcwatyelwa ecaleni kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo ingcwaba labo laphinda labhengezwa njenge-National Heritage ngeye Dwarha ngo 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ukuqukumbela imibhiyozo yeminyaka elikhulu yokuzalwa kukaTambo, isikhumbuzo sasibanjelwe kwiRegina Mundi Catholic Church eMoroka, eSoweto ngomhla wama-27 kweye Dwarha 2017. Esi siganeko sifanayo saphawula nakwinkulungwane yokupheliswa kwempi yomkhosi we-SS Mendi. Umsitho uxhaswe ngu-Ambesi Lindiwe Mabuza kunye no-Fr Lawrence Mduduzi Ndlovu, bekunye ne-Thabo Mbeki Foundation kunye ne-Oliver kunye ne-Adelaide Tambo Foundation. Iikwayala ezithatha inxaxheba yayingu-Imilonji KaNtu Choral Society, i-Johannesburg Metro Police Choir kunye ne Ekhurhuleni Metro Police Choir. Owayecula ngalomhla yayingu Sibongile Khumalo.</text>
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    <title>Ukubaluleka kolwimi lweenkobe ukufundisa zonke izifundo</title>
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      <text bytes="3120" sha1="lmh5pk38wugycow0rbaymy9rp0206wt" xml:space="preserve">[[Ngokweenkcukacha:Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwenkobe ukufundisa zonke izifundo.jpg|thumb|Ukubaluleka kolwimi lwenkobe ukufundisa zonke izifundo]]
'''[[Ulwimi]] [[lwenkobe]]'''  lulwimi lwasekhaya. Olu  lulwimi umntwana  afumana ngalo ulwazi olusisiseko ekhaya, ukutsho oko lulwimi afunda ngalo ukuthetha. Amaciko athi  ulwimi lwenkobe luncanwa ngumntwana  ebeleni kunina kwaye luyinxalenye yembali, [[Amasiko akwaXhosa|amasiko]], [[Amasiko nezithethe zakwaNtu|izithethe]], [[inkcubeko]], kwakunye noqhagamshelwano lwendalo&lt;ref name=&quot;Love and Ansaldo 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Love|first1=Nigel|last2=Ansaldo|first2=Umberto|date=2010|title=The native speaker and the mother tongue|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6/page/589|journal=Language Sciences|volume=32|issue=6|pages=589–593|doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2010.09.003}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ngenxa yoku ulwimi lwenkobe alungenafuthe nampembelelo yolwazi olufunyanwanwa esikolweni, olu lwimi luvumela umntu ukuba acinge kwaye adandalazise amabali, ngokuzithemba, ngokwenjenjalo uthi anxulumane ngokugqibeleleyo noluNtu lwakowabo&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Bandyopadhyay|first1=Debaprasad|title=&quot;(M)Other Tongue Syndrome: From Breast To Bottle.&quot;|url=https://www.academia.edu/411071|website=academia.edu|access-date=2024-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ukutsho oko ulwimi lwenkobe lulwimi azalelwa kulo [[umntwana]], afunde ngalo ukunxebelelana ekhaya, kwaye lutyala ulwazi olusisiseko ngendalo nezinto ezimngqongileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kolu lwimi ukuxhamla ulwazi kuzo zonke izifundo kungayinzuzo njengoko abafundi bazakube besebenzisa ulwimi abaluqondayo nabanxebelelana ngalo rhoqo emakhaya.

== '''Ukubaluleka kokufunda ngolwimi lwenkobe''' ==
Ulwimi lwenkobe lusetyenziswa rhoqo kunxebelelwano kwaye luvulela abafundi amathuba okuzakhela imifanekiso ngqondweni nokuqonda ulwazi oluthululwayo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2003-08-29|title=Drama as a Creative Teaching and Learning Medium|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203166987-9|journal=Teaching Literacy through Drama|publisher=Routledge|pages=23–26|isbn=978-0-203-16698-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;,luyinzuzo kwimfundo yabo ngokuba kunganceda ukuphucula iingxoxo, iziphumo kunye nokuqonda kwabo izifundo ekukholeleka ukuba zinobunzima xa zifundiswa ngezinye iilwimi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=J. Moloi|first=Tshepang|last2=Mankayi|first2=Mthobeli|date=2024-09-16|title=Reinforcing IsiXhosa as a Medium of Instruction to Enhance English Second Language Acquisition: Decolonising Curriculum through Translanguaging|url=https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005022|journal=Multilingualism in Its Multiple Dimensions|publisher=IntechOpen|isbn=978-0-85466-632-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iziphumo zabafundi zinaphucuka xa kunokusetyenziswa ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe kuzo zonke izifundo.

== '''Injongo yokufundisa ngolwimi lwenkobe''' ==
* Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi baxhamla ulwazi ngolwimi lwenkobe.
* Ukwenza ukufunda kubelula.
* Ukuphucula iziphumo zabafundi kwizifundo ezinzima kubo.
* Ukuvelisa ulwazi ngolwimi oluqondwa ngabafundi.

== '''Imithombo esetyenzisiweyo''' ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Uluhlu:Languages]]
[[Uluhlu:Ulwimi]]
[[Uluhlu:Ukufunda nokufundisa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5369" sha1="t7km6fm05hb2lxyw3gd72libv7isp9q" xml:space="preserve">== '''Inkcazelo''' ==
'''Free Education for Everyone''' '''(FEE)''' yayiliqela labafundi laseIreland elaqalwa ngo2008 kweyoMsintsi kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD) ngenjongo yokulwa isindululo sokubuyisela imirhumo yokufunda eyunivesithi. I‑FEE yayisebenza kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili zaseIreland, kuquka iYunivesithi yaseLimerick (UL), iYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD), iTrinity College Dublin (TCD), iNUI Maynooth (NUIM), iYunivesithi yaseCork (UCC), iNUI Galway (NUIG) kunye neQueen's University Belfast.

'''Abalwela amalungelo''' baququzelela iindibane zoluntu ezinkulu ngokudibeneyo neyuniyoni yabafundi eIreland (USI). Eli qela laziwa kakhulu ngokuhlala kwiiofisi zeenkokeli zikarhulumente, ukunqanda abaphathiswa, kunye nokuthintela izakhiwo zikarhulumente. Abapolitiki abanjengoTaoiseach wangaphambili uBertie Ahern, kunye noMphathiswa uBatt O’Keeffe, uÉamon Ó Cuív, uBrian Lenihan kunye nomntakwabo uConor Lenihan, babejoliswe ngabo.  

== Imbali ==
Ngomhla we11 kweyeThupha 2008, ungqongqoshe wemfundo kunye nezenzululwazi, uBatt O'Keeffe wase-Ireland wabonisa ukuba imali yokufunda yabafundi baseyunivesithi zazibuyela kwimbali kwinyathelo elaliphikisana nemigaqo karhulumente yangaphambili. Njengoko oogqirha beyunivesithi bephosa uxinzelelo kurhulumente ukuba avume eso siphakamiso, umphathiswa wezemali, uBrian Lenihan wabhengeza ngokunyuka kwemali yokubhalisa kwikholeji ngonyaka ngo-€600 ngosuku lolwabiwo mali, ngE 914 kweyeDywarha ngo2008. I-Union of Students e-Ireland (USI), ngokudibana ne-FEE esakhula, balungiselela  ubugcisa bokuchasana ngobuninzi buphendula kwiimangalo zokuba nakuphi na ukunyuka kwamaxabiso  emfundo kungathintela abaninzi ukuya ekholejini.

== Izithintelo kwiyunivesithi ==
Uninzi  lwabaphathiswa bakarhulumente baye badibana  nokuchasana kwabafundi ngexesha lokutyelela iikhampasi eUCD naseNUIG. Amalungu amathathu eFEE, kuquka usihlalo weSinn Féin kwisebe laseUCD, baye babanjwa ngenxa yokophula uxolo emva kweengxabano ezimbini ezincinci xa abafundi abali‑100 bethathe inxaxheba kwintshukumo zabafundi  ephethe iibhena eClinton Auditorium kwikhampasi iBelfield  yaseUCD ngomhla we‑20 eyeDwarha ku2008. Abo bathathu bakhululwa kamva ngaphandle kwetyala. UBrian Lenihan wayecwangciselwe ukuqhuba umsitho kwiziko kodwa wadibana nezithintelo njengoko abafundi baphendula kwisindululo esithintela imfundo yabo ngokudala isithintelo somzimba ngokuchasene nomphathiswa. Ngobusuku bomhla we12 kweyeNkanga  ku2008, abalwela amalungelo eFEE bazama ukuthintela umphathiswa wesizwe, uConor Lenihan (umntakwabo kamphathiswa wezemali uBrian Lenihan) ekutyelelweni kwakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin, njengentlanganiso zokuchasa  ngokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwemirhumo yeeyunivesithi.

Ngomhla we‑9 kweyoMga ngonyaka ka 2008, uÉamon Ó Cuív watyholwa ngokuphatha kakubi umfundi owayengumhlali mboniso eNUI Galway emva kokuba ethe umncedisi wakhe wayecinezelwe eludongeni ngexesha abafundi bemkhaba kwaye omnye ephethe intonga enkulu emoyeni. Umfundi uthe wayekwelinye icala lerailing, kwaye ubungqina obufotografi bubonise ukuba kunjalo, omnye umfanekiso ucacisa kakuhle uMphathiswa esilwa nomfundi.

Utyelelo lukaBertie Ahern eNUI Galway ngomhla we‑2 kweyeSilimela  ngo2009 luphazanyiswe ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE, nto leyo eyanyanzela uTaoiseach wangaphambili ukuba arhoxise intetho ebicwangciselwe kwikhampasi. Kwabakho iingxabano ne‑gardaí xa uAhern ebhoxwa ekungeneni kwindawo yekholeji kwaye wagxekwa ngamaqela eFEE kunye nabanye abafundi baseNUIG. Indoda enye yabanjwa kodwa kamva yakhululwa ngaphandle kwetyala.

== February 2009 protest ==
Ngomhla we‑4 Disemba ka‑2008, abalwela amalungelo abali‑11 beFEE abavela eUCD bahlala kwi‑ofisi kaPaul Gogarty, owayengumthethi weQela leGreen Party kwezemiFundo eLucan, njengenxalenye yosuku lwemibhikisho yesizwe ebaluleke kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuthatha loo ofisi kwathatha malunga neeyure ezine de abalwela amalungelo kunye nomnyango basuswa yiGardaí. Aba babizwa ngokuba yi “Lucan 11” babanjwa kodwa abatyholwanga ngeli tyala. Kwangolo suku, ngaphezulu kwama‑20 abalwela amalungelo eFEE (Free Education for Everyone) eCork bahlala kwigumbi kwi‑ofisi kaMongameli weUCC ngaphezulu kweyure enye ngaphambi kokuba basuswe yiGardaí, kwaye phantse abafundi abangama‑20 benza imibhikisho ngaphakathi kwi‑ofisi kaÉamon Ó Cuív eGalway phantse iiyure ezimbini.

NgoMatshi ka‑2009 iphulo lagxila ekucwangciseni usuku olunye lokumisa ngokupheleleyo imfundo yeziqinisekiso eziphezulu (third level education). E‑UCD kwenziwa ireferendamu ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE becela iUnion of Students ukuba icwangcise ukumiswa kosuku olunye kwekholeji kwaye iphuhlise iphulo lokumisa ngokwesizwe, nto leyo eyaphumelela ngama‑83% evoti (ngaphezulu kwabafundi abayi‑4000). Ireferendamu ezifanayo zenzelwe kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ngomhla we‑16 Aprili, abafundi abavela kwiNational University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM) nakwiUniversity College Dublin (UCD), amalungu eFEE, benza imibhikisho yokuthatha inyathelo ngqo kwiSebe lezeMali. Phantse abafundi abangama‑30 babambe umboniso phandle kwesele, ngelixa abali‑15 bengaphakathi. Oku kwafumana ingqalelo enkulu kwimithombo yeendaba, kwasasazwa kumabonakude nakumajelo eendaba afana neNewstalk, Q102, Phantom FM kunye neFM104, kwangena kwi‑intanethi nakwiiphephandaba zosuku olulandelayo kuquka iIrish Independent.</text>
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      <text bytes="5527" sha1="82772dszzvqb0e8i56h5w82wpmf5qc8" xml:space="preserve">== '''Inkcazelo''' ==
'''Free Education for Everyone''' '''(FEE)''' yayiliqela labafundi laseIreland elaqalwa ngo2008 kweyoMsintsi kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD) ngenjongo yokulwa isindululo sokubuyisela imirhumo yokufunda eyunivesithi. I‑FEE yayisebenza kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili zaseIreland, kuquka iYunivesithi yaseLimerick (UL), iYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD), iTrinity College Dublin (TCD), iNUI Maynooth (NUIM), iYunivesithi yaseCork (UCC), iNUI Galway (NUIG) kunye neQueen's University Belfast.

'''Abalwela amalungelo''' baququzelela iindibane zoluntu ezinkulu ngokudibeneyo neyuniyoni yabafundi eIreland (USI). Eli qela laziwa kakhulu ngokuhlala kwiiofisi zeenkokeli zikarhulumente, ukunqanda abaphathiswa, kunye nokuthintela izakhiwo zikarhulumente. Abapolitiki abanjengoTaoiseach wangaphambili uBertie Ahern, kunye noMphathiswa uBatt O’Keeffe, uÉamon Ó Cuív, uBrian Lenihan kunye nomntakwabo uConor Lenihan, babejoliswe ngabo.  

== Imbali ==
Ngomhla we11 kweyeThupha 2008, ungqongqoshe wemfundo kunye nezenzululwazi, uBatt O'Keeffe wase-Ireland wabonisa ukuba imali yokufunda yabafundi baseyunivesithi zazibuyela kwimbali kwinyathelo elaliphikisana nemigaqo karhulumente yangaphambili. Njengoko oogqirha beyunivesithi bephosa uxinzelelo kurhulumente ukuba avume eso siphakamiso, umphathiswa wezemali, uBrian Lenihan wabhengeza ngokunyuka kwemali yokubhalisa kwikholeji ngonyaka ngo-€600 ngosuku lolwabiwo mali, ngE 914 kweyeDywarha ngo2008. I-Union of Students e-Ireland (USI), ngokudibana ne-FEE esakhula, balungiselela  ubugcisa bokuchasana ngobuninzi buphendula kwiimangalo zokuba nakuphi na ukunyuka kwamaxabiso  emfundo kungathintela abaninzi ukuya ekholejini.

== Izithintelo kwiyunivesithi ==
Uninzi  lwabaphathiswa bakarhulumente baye badibana  nokuchasana kwabafundi ngexesha lokutyelela iikhampasi eUCD naseNUIG. Amalungu amathathu eFEE, kuquka usihlalo weSinn Féin kwisebe laseUCD, baye babanjwa ngenxa yokophula uxolo emva kweengxabano ezimbini ezincinci xa abafundi abali‑100 bethathe inxaxheba kwintshukumo zabafundi  ephethe iibhena eClinton Auditorium kwikhampasi iBelfield  yaseUCD ngomhla we‑20 eyeDwarha ku2008. Abo bathathu bakhululwa kamva ngaphandle kwetyala. UBrian Lenihan wayecwangciselwe ukuqhuba umsitho kwiziko kodwa wadibana nezithintelo njengoko abafundi baphendula kwisindululo esithintela imfundo yabo ngokudala isithintelo somzimba ngokuchasene nomphathiswa. Ngobusuku bomhla we12 kweyeNkanga  ku2008, abalwela amalungelo eFEE bazama ukuthintela umphathiswa wesizwe, uConor Lenihan (umntakwabo kamphathiswa wezemali uBrian Lenihan) ekutyelelweni kwakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin, njengentlanganiso zokuchasa  ngokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwemirhumo yeeyunivesithi.

Ngomhla we‑9 kweyoMga ngonyaka ka 2008, uÉamon Ó Cuív watyholwa ngokuphatha kakubi umfundi owayengumhlali mboniso eNUI Galway emva kokuba ethe umncedisi wakhe wayecinezelwe eludongeni ngexesha abafundi bemkhaba kwaye omnye ephethe intonga enkulu emoyeni. Umfundi uthe wayekwelinye icala lerailing, kwaye ubungqina obufotografi bubonise ukuba kunjalo, omnye umfanekiso ucacisa kakuhle uMphathiswa esilwa nomfundi.

Utyelelo lukaBertie Ahern eNUI Galway ngomhla we‑2 kweyeSilimela  ngo2009 luphazanyiswe ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE, nto leyo eyanyanzela uTaoiseach wangaphambili ukuba arhoxise intetho ebicwangciselwe kwikhampasi. Kwabakho iingxabano ne‑gardaí xa uAhern ebhoxwa ekungeneni kwindawo yekholeji kwaye wagxekwa ngamaqela eFEE kunye nabanye abafundi baseNUIG. Indoda enye yabanjwa kodwa kamva yakhululwa ngaphandle kwetyala.

== Isithintelo kwi ofisi kaPaul Gogarty ==
Ngomhla we 4 kweyoMga 2008 abalwela amalungelo abali 11 beFEE abavela eUCD bahlala kwi‑ofisi kaPaul Gogarty, owayengumthethi weqela leGreen Party kwezemfundo eLucan, njengenxalenye yosuku lwemibhikisho yesizwe ebaluleke kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuthatha loo ofisi kwathatha malunga neeyure ezine de abalwela amalungelo kunye nomnyango basuswa yiGardaí. Aba babizwa ngokuba yi “Lucan 11” babanjwa kodwa abatyholwanga ngeli tyala. Kwangolo suku, ngaphezulu kwama 20 abalwela amalungelo eFEE (Free Education for Everyone) eCork bahlala kwigumbi kwi ofisi kaMongameli weUCC ngaphezulu kweyure enye ngaphambi kokuba basuswe yiGardaí, kwaye phantse abafundi abangama 20 benza imibhikisho ngaphakathi kwi ofisi kaÉamon Ó Cuív eGalway phantse iiyure ezimbini.

== Ireferandamu ==
NgoMatshi ka‑2009 iphulo lagxila ekucwangciseni usuku olunye lokumisa ngokupheleleyo imfundo yeziqinisekiso eziphezulu (third level education). E‑UCD kwenziwa ireferendamu ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE becela iUnion of Students ukuba icwangcise ukumiswa kosuku olunye kwekholeji kwaye iphuhlise iphulo lokumisa ngokwesizwe, nto leyo eyaphumelela ngama‑83% evoti (ngaphezulu kwabafundi abayi‑4000). Ireferendamu ezifanayo zenzelwe kulo lonke ilizwe.

== Isithintelo kwisebe lezemali ==
Ngomhla we‑16 Aprili, abafundi abavela kwiNational University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM) nakwiUniversity College Dublin (UCD), amalungu eFEE, benza imibhikisho yokuthatha inyathelo ngqo kwiSebe lezeMali. Phantse abafundi abangama‑30 babambe umboniso phandle kwesele, ngelixa abali‑15 bengaphakathi. Oku kwafumana ingqalelo enkulu kwimithombo yeendaba, kwasasazwa kumabonakude nakumajelo eendaba afana neNewstalk, Q102, Phantom FM kunye neFM104, kwangena kwi‑intanethi nakwiiphephandaba zosuku olulandelayo kuquka iIrish Independent.

== Ukuthatha i ofisi yesithili sika Brian Walsh ==


== Ukugxekwa kuka Enda Kenny ==


== Bona konke ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>42097</id>
      <parentid>42096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-24T15:45:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sinesihle1</username>
        <id>16543</id>
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      <comment>Added new information</comment>
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      <text bytes="6609" sha1="6ahrh2qp6czcegtfoyh28x5y0izxbbk" xml:space="preserve">== '''Inkcazelo''' ==
'''Free Education for Everyone''' '''(FEE)''' yayiliqela labafundi laseIreland elaqalwa ngo2008 kweyoMsintsi kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD) ngenjongo yokulwa isindululo sokubuyisela imirhumo yokufunda eyunivesithi. I‑FEE yayisebenza kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili zaseIreland, kuquka iYunivesithi yaseLimerick (UL), iYunivesithi yaseDublin (UCD), iTrinity College Dublin (TCD), iNUI Maynooth (NUIM), iYunivesithi yaseCork (UCC), iNUI Galway (NUIG) kunye neQueen's University Belfast.

'''Abalwela amalungelo''' baququzelela iindibane zoluntu ezinkulu ngokudibeneyo neyuniyoni yabafundi eIreland (USI). Eli qela laziwa kakhulu ngokuhlala kwiiofisi zeenkokeli zikarhulumente, ukunqanda abaphathiswa, kunye nokuthintela izakhiwo zikarhulumente. Abapolitiki abanjengoTaoiseach wangaphambili uBertie Ahern, kunye noMphathiswa uBatt O’Keeffe, uÉamon Ó Cuív, uBrian Lenihan kunye nomntakwabo uConor Lenihan, babejoliswe ngabo.  

== Imbali ==
Ngomhla we11 kweyeThupha 2008, ungqongqoshe wemfundo kunye nezenzululwazi, uBatt O'Keeffe wase-Ireland wabonisa ukuba imali yokufunda yabafundi baseyunivesithi zazibuyela kwimbali kwinyathelo elaliphikisana nemigaqo karhulumente yangaphambili. Njengoko oogqirha beyunivesithi bephosa uxinzelelo kurhulumente ukuba avume eso siphakamiso, umphathiswa wezemali, uBrian Lenihan wabhengeza ngokunyuka kwemali yokubhalisa kwikholeji ngonyaka ngo-€600 ngosuku lolwabiwo mali, ngE 914 kweyeDywarha ngo2008. I-Union of Students e-Ireland (USI), ngokudibana ne-FEE esakhula, balungiselela  ubugcisa bokuchasana ngobuninzi buphendula kwiimangalo zokuba nakuphi na ukunyuka kwamaxabiso  emfundo kungathintela abaninzi ukuya ekholejini.

== Izithintelo kwiyunivesithi ==
Uninzi  lwabaphathiswa bakarhulumente baye badibana  nokuchasana kwabafundi ngexesha lokutyelela iikhampasi eUCD naseNUIG. Amalungu amathathu eFEE, kuquka usihlalo weSinn Féin kwisebe laseUCD, baye babanjwa ngenxa yokophula uxolo emva kweengxabano ezimbini ezincinci xa abafundi abali‑100 bethathe inxaxheba kwintshukumo zabafundi  ephethe iibhena eClinton Auditorium kwikhampasi iBelfield  yaseUCD ngomhla we‑20 eyeDwarha ku2008. Abo bathathu bakhululwa kamva ngaphandle kwetyala. UBrian Lenihan wayecwangciselwe ukuqhuba umsitho kwiziko kodwa wadibana nezithintelo njengoko abafundi baphendula kwisindululo esithintela imfundo yabo ngokudala isithintelo somzimba ngokuchasene nomphathiswa. Ngobusuku bomhla we12 kweyeNkanga  ku2008, abalwela amalungelo eFEE bazama ukuthintela umphathiswa wesizwe, uConor Lenihan (umntakwabo kamphathiswa wezemali uBrian Lenihan) ekutyelelweni kwakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin, njengentlanganiso zokuchasa  ngokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwemirhumo yeeyunivesithi.

Ngomhla we‑9 kweyoMga ngonyaka ka 2008, uÉamon Ó Cuív watyholwa ngokuphatha kakubi umfundi owayengumhlali mboniso eNUI Galway emva kokuba ethe umncedisi wakhe wayecinezelwe eludongeni ngexesha abafundi bemkhaba kwaye omnye ephethe intonga enkulu emoyeni. Umfundi uthe wayekwelinye icala lerailing, kwaye ubungqina obufotografi bubonise ukuba kunjalo, omnye umfanekiso ucacisa kakuhle uMphathiswa esilwa nomfundi.

Utyelelo lukaBertie Ahern eNUI Galway ngomhla we‑2 kweyeSilimela  ngo2009 luphazanyiswe ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE, nto leyo eyanyanzela uTaoiseach wangaphambili ukuba arhoxise intetho ebicwangciselwe kwikhampasi. Kwabakho iingxabano ne‑gardaí xa uAhern ebhoxwa ekungeneni kwindawo yekholeji kwaye wagxekwa ngamaqela eFEE kunye nabanye abafundi baseNUIG. Indoda enye yabanjwa kodwa kamva yakhululwa ngaphandle kwetyala.

== Isithintelo kwi ofisi kaPaul Gogarty ==
Ngomhla we 4 kweyoMga 2008 abalwela amalungelo abali 11 beFEE abavela eUCD bahlala kwi‑ofisi kaPaul Gogarty, owayengumthethi weqela leGreen Party kwezemfundo eLucan, njengenxalenye yosuku lwemibhikisho yesizwe ebaluleke kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuthatha loo ofisi kwathatha malunga neeyure ezine de abalwela amalungelo kunye nomnyango basuswa yiGardaí. Aba babizwa ngokuba yi “Lucan 11” babanjwa kodwa abatyholwanga ngeli tyala. Kwangolo suku, ngaphezulu kwama 20 abalwela amalungelo eFEE (Free Education for Everyone) eCork bahlala kwigumbi kwi ofisi kaMongameli weUCC ngaphezulu kweyure enye ngaphambi kokuba basuswe yiGardaí, kwaye phantse abafundi abangama 20 benza imibhikisho ngaphakathi kwi ofisi kaÉamon Ó Cuív eGalway phantse iiyure ezimbini.

== Ireferandamu ==
NgoMatshi ka‑2009 iphulo lagxila ekucwangciseni usuku olunye lokumisa ngokupheleleyo imfundo yeziqinisekiso eziphezulu (third level education). E‑UCD kwenziwa ireferendamu ngabalwela amalungelo beFEE becela iUnion of Students ukuba icwangcise ukumiswa kosuku olunye kwekholeji kwaye iphuhlise iphulo lokumisa ngokwesizwe, nto leyo eyaphumelela ngama‑83% evoti (ngaphezulu kwabafundi abayi‑4000). Ireferendamu ezifanayo zenzelwe kulo lonke ilizwe.

== Isithintelo kwisebe lezemali ==
Ngomhla we 16 kuTshazimpuzi abafundi abavela kwiNational University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM) nakwiUniversity College Dublin (UCD), amalungu eFEE, benza imibhikisho yokuthatha inyathelo ngqo kwisebe lezemali. Phantse abafundi abangama‑30 babambe umboniso phandle kwesele, ngelixa abali 15 bengaphakathi. Oku kwafumana ingqalelo enkulu kwimithombo yeendaba, kwasasazwa kumajelo eendaba afana neNewstalk, Q102, Phantom FM kunye neFM104, kwangena kwi intanethi nakwiiphephandaba zosuku olulandelayo kuquka iIrish Independent.

Abafundi bahlala ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo sesebe phantse iiyure ezintathu. Akukho bani ubanjwayo ekugqibeleni, kwaye iqela lamka ngokuzithandela emva kokunikezela ngeleta kwisebe. Kwaxhonywa ibhena ethi &quot;UCD ICHASENE NEMIHLUMO!&quot; phezu kwezitepsi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ngelixa phandle ibhena yeNUIM ibhale &quot; IMFUNDO HAYI UKUFUDUKA&quot;. 

== Ukuthatha i ofisi yesithili sika Brian Walsh ==

Nge30  kuNovemba ngo2011, abafundi abayi 9 beFEE bathatha inxaxheba kumboniso woxolo wokuhlala phantsi ngokuthatha iofisi yesithili kaBrian Walsh, iFine Gael TD nowayesakuba ngusodolophu, eBohermore, eGalway, ngexesha lemini. Bavule ibhena ephezu kophahla enomyalezo othi “IMFUNDO YASIMAHLA, AKUNGEKHO NTO INGAPHANTSI&quot;. Babanjwa ngamapolisa kodwa bakhululwa emva kwexesha elifutshane.

== Ukugxekwa kuka Enda Kenny ==
Nge 29 kuNovemba ngo 2012, amalungu eFEE UCD aphazamisa uvulo lweUCD Student Centre kunye neSports Complex nguEnda Kenny, njengomboniso wokubhikisha ngokuchasene nokuncitshiswa kwemfundo. Amaqanda amabini aphoswa kuKenny ngaphambi kokuba abafundi abane basuswe ngenkani kumbindi yiGardaí. Elinye lawo amaqanda aliphumelelanga ukumchaphazela, laqinisekisa isekela mongameli wabafundi ngempazamo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ingxowa-mali yeNkululeko yezoQoqosho</title>
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    <id>9334</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42113</id>
      <parentid>42008</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-25T10:15:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Amagcina2003</username>
        <id>16532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nditshintshe igama elibhalwe ngqindilili</comment>
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'''Ingxowa-mali yeNkululeko yezoQoqoshi''' ( '''EFF''' ) liqela lama-527 elaqalwa ngonyaka wama-2006 nguBob J. Perry, ngomnikelo we-$5 yezigidi zeerandi. Mnye kuphela umntu onxulumene ngokusesikweni neliqela; uCharles H. Bell Jr., &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&amp;#91;&amp;#91;Federal Elections Commission&amp;#93;&amp;#93; filing, September 13, 2006, by the EFF|url=http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/docs/eff-fec/?resultpage=1&amp;|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233411/http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/docs/eff-fec/?resultpage=1&amp;|archive-date=March 10, 2007|accessdate=September 15, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; oligqwetha [[IKhalifoniya|laseCalifornia]], elingumcebisi jikelele weqela le-California Republican Party,  kunye nosekela mongameli weRepublican National Lawyers Association kwibhunga leengcebiso ngemfundo yonyulo. 

Lo mnikelo wokuqala we-$5 yezigidi wenza i-EFF ibe yenye yamaqela alishumi angama-527 aphezulu kumjikelo wonyulo luka-2006 ngokwemali efunyenweyo. 

I-EFF ithi injongo yayo &quot;kukufundisa uluntu malunga nemiba enxulumene nokugcinwa kwenkululeko yezoqoqosho, ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nempumelelo yabantu base-United States of America.&quot; 

== Ingqwalasela yemizamo ==
Zonke iintengiso ze-EFF zomkhankaso ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zihlasele abagqatswa beDemocratic .  Okwangoku uhlaselo luye lwenziwe kwaba balandelayo:

* U-John Barrow (D-GA)
* U-Leonard Boswell (D-IA)
* U-Baron Hill (umceli mngeni kwiSithili sesi-9 sase-Indiana)
* U-Jim Marshall (D-GA)
* U-Alan Mollohan (D-WV) 
* U-Darlene Hooley (D-OR) 

== Iivoti ezingxamisekileyo ==

=== I-Indiana ===
Kweyo Msintsi kunyaka wama-2006, eli qela lisenokuba laphula umthetho [[I-Indiyana|wase-Indiana]] ka-1988 owawuthintela iinkampani ekubeni zifake umnxeba orekhodiweyo, owenziwe ngokuzenzakalela kwi ngxoxo eqhubekayo, ngaphambi kokuba athethe kwaye afumane imvume yokuwudlala lomnxeba sele wenziwe. Ezi zicelo bezixhasa uMmeli okhoyo u-Mike Sodrel,  kwaye beziluphando oluqhelekileyo, olujoliswe ekungcoliseni umchasi ka-Sodrel, u-Baron Hill, ngelixa zazibonakala ngathi luphando olusemthethweni.  Emva kokuba kwenziwe izikhalazo ezisixhenxe ubuncinane kwi-ofisi yommeli-jikelele karhulumente, iphulo lazisa i-ofisi ukuba liyimisile iminxeba. Umthetho wase-Indiana uvumela isohlwayo esifikelela kwi-$5,000 ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngalunye (ngomnxeba ngamnye owenziweyo, hayi ngesikhalazo ngasinye). 

Ekupheleni kwenyanga yoMsintsi, iFreeEats.com, eyinkampani yasemntla Virginia eyenza iifowuni zepolitiki ngokuzenzekelayo, yafaka isimangalo kwinkundla yombuso e-Indianapolis, icela ukuba inkundla iyalele igqwetha jikelele lase-Indiana ukuba liyeke ukunyanzelisa umthetho welizwe. Le nkampani yathi umthetho welizwe uphula amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo phantsi komgaqo-siseko wase-United States nase-Indiana, kwaye ukuvalwa kwale mithetho kwakuchasene nomgaqo-siseko worhwebo phakathi kwamazwe.

Igqwetha jikelele lase-Indiana u-Steve Carter umangalele i-EFF ekuqaleni kwenyanga yoMsintsi, kwiNkundla yeSithili saseBrown County emva kokufumana izikhalazo zabathengi ezili-12 malunga neminxeba eyayisenzeka. Ityala likarhulumente lifuna imiqathango yokuzithintela kunye neentlawulo ze-$5,000 ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngalunye. Ityala liza kuxoxwa ngomhla wama-27 kweyoMsintsi. 

=== Amanye amazwe ===
Kubonakala ngathi eli qela lisebenzise indlela efanayo &quot;yokutyhala abantu ukuba bavote&quot; kwimidyarho yase [[I-Ayowa|-Iowa]] [[IJojiya|naseGeorgia]] ngenyanga yoMsintsi kunyaka wama-2006. 

== Bona kwakho ==

* AmaMelika ngokunyaniseka kwimiba
* Ingxowa-mali yamaShishini yasimahla
* U-Bob J. Perry

== Umthombo wolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Impepho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9343</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42111</id>
      <parentid>42052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-25T08:23:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zintshaba</username>
        <id>16533</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Refined the references</comment>
      <origin>42111</origin>
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      <text bytes="6779" sha1="8nm1ym2wea00a8twy41ix68c8ee9k4g" xml:space="preserve">'''Impepho''' ligama lesiNtu elisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo (''genus'')i-Helichrysum, ezisetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngeenjongo zenkcubeko, zonyango lwesintu nezokomoya. &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lourens|first=A.C.U.|last2=Viljoen|first2=A.M.|last3=van Heerden|first3=F.R.|year=2008|title=South African ''Helichrysum'' species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry|journal=[[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]]|volume=119|issue=3|pages=630–652|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Manganyi|first=Madira C.|last2=Lebepe|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Buthelezi|first3=Nana Millicent Duduzile|year=2026|title=Bridging ethnobotany and neuro-pharmacology: exploring South Africa's indigenous plants for brain health|journal=[[Frontiers in Natural Products]]|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fntpr.2026.1734095|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idla ngokutshiswa njengesiqhumiso, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Van Wyk|first=Ben-Erik|title=People's plants: a guide to useful plants of Southern Africa|last2=Gericke|first2=Nigel|publisher=[[Briza]]|year=2000|isbn=1875093192|location=Pretoria, South Africa|page=166}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Belani|first=Aviwe|last2=Oladimeji|first2=Kelechi Elizabeth|last3=Hyera|first3=Francis Leonard|last4=Matubatuba|first4=Chrys|last5=Juzang|first5=Ivan J.|year=2022|title=Can the Use of Impepho Leaves Extend beyond Traditional to Modern Medicine? An Opinion|journal=Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1–4|doi=10.25159/2520-5293/11872|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodwa inokusetyenziswa nasekwenzeni isiselo esifakwe emagqabini okanye kwizityalo okanye umxube wezityalo obilisiweyo ngeenjongo zonyango.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Serabele|first1=Khotso|last2=Chen|first2=Weiyang|last3=Tankeu|first3=Sidonie|last4=Combrinck|first4=Sandra|last5=Veale|first5=Clinton G.L.|last6=van Vuuren|first6=Sandy|last7=Chaudhary|first7=Sushil K.|last8=Viljoen|first8=Alvaro|year=2021|title=Comparative chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of two interchangeably used 'Imphepho' species (''Helichrysum odoratissimum'' and ''Helichrysum petiolare'')|journal=[[South African Journal of Botany]]|volume=137|pages=117–132|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.023|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezaziwa ngokuba yimpepho ziquka ''[[Helichrysum cymosum|iHelichrysum cymosum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum epapposum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum gymnocomum]]'', ''[[Helichrysum natalitium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum nudifolium]]'', ''[[Helichrysum odoratissimum]]'' kunye ne ''Helichrysum petiolare'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;helichrysum&quot; /&gt;

Igama elithi impepho lisetyenziswa [[IsiXhosa|esiXhoseni]], esithethwa kakhulu [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|eMpuma Koloni]], ngelixa abathetha [[isiZulu]] abasuka [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]] besebenzisa imphepho. &lt;ref name=&quot;opinion&quot; /&gt;

== Ukusetyenziswa ==
Impepho inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomthandazo, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdvisory-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukutshiswa kwempepho kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimoya ephilayo kunye nemimoya yezinyanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba umsi wempepho uthwala imithandazo nemiyalezo uyise kwizinyanya kwakunye nokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze isiko okanye umsitho wesintu wenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;CovaAdgvisory-Impepho6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 September 2025|title=Impepho: Meaning and Uses|url=https://cova-advisory.co.za/impepho/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Cova Advisory}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokutsho kwengcali yezemfundo uMpumelelo Ntshangase weYunivesithi [[I-Yunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala|yaKwaZulu-Natal]], &quot;impepho yindlela yokunxibelelana nezinyanya kwaye kufuneka itshiswe phambi kokuba kwenziwe uninzi lwemisitho... ngaphandle kwemphepho, amasiko esintu akanakwenziwa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wamagqirha, impepho itshiswa ngexesha lokubonisana, kwimibhiyozo yokuqalisa ubungoma,  kwilixa lohlahluba, nakwimisitho yesintu, ngakumbi xa kukholelwa ukuba isinyanya asizolanga okanye sifuna okuthile. &lt;ref name=&quot;GoToGuy-Sangoma2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-05-11|title=Sangomas: Traditional Roles, Initiation and Media Portrayals|url=https://www.thegotoguy.co.za/post/sangomas-traditional-roles-initiation-and-media-portrayals|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=The Go To Guy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukholelwa ukuba impepho inceda igqirha ukuba libone ngeliso lomoya ukuba yintoni ingxaki yomntu ofuna uncedo.

Kwezinye izithethe, impepho ikwatyiwa ngamathwasa, ekwangabo abafundi abaqeqeshelwa ukuba ngamagqirha ngexesha lolwaluko lwabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Phytoalchemy-Impepho&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 June 2018|title=Imphepho is not a smudge|url=https://phytoalchemy.co.za/2018/06/30/imphepho-is-not-a-smudge/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Phytoalchemy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MysticCrystals-Impepho3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 March 2020|title=Imphepo – The Controversial Smudging Herb|url=https://mysticcrystals.co.za/crystal-blog/imphepo-the-controversial-smudging-herb/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Mystic Crystals}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amanye amabandla eMzantsi Afrika afana neBandla lamaNazaretha (iCawa yakwaShembe), adibanise ukusetyenziswa kwempepho nonqulo lobuKristu, apho amalungu ekhuthazwa ukuba ayitshise ngexesha lomthandazo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mashabela|first=James K.|date=23 January 2024|title=Revisiting African Spirituality: A reference to Missiological Institute consultations of 1965 and 1967|journal=HTS Teologiese Studies|volume=80|issue=1|doi=10.4102/hts.v80i2.9022|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IIGSA-Impepho1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibutho Ithongo Impepho Manuscript|url=https://iigsa.co.za/ibutho-ithongo-impepho-manuscript/|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=Ibutho Ithongo Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ELuSuthu|ELesotho]], impepho iyatshiswa ukuze kutshiselwe amagumbi anabantu abagulayo ngenjongo yokuwacoca ngomsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;SANBI-Helichrysum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Helichrysum odoratissimum|url=https://pza.sanbi.org/helichrysum-odoratissimum|accessdate=16 June 2026|website=PlantZAfrica, South African National Biodiversity Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ezopolitiko zaseMzantsi Afrika</title>
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      <text bytes="21333" sha1="5lluq08sik5rr3yos1n7dvrj7hy4duq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery&gt;
File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|alt=The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Indlela i-ANC esebenza ngayo ngokweengingqi kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwango-2024 .
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweDemocratic Alliance (eMzantsi Afrika) ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|alt=The uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party) performance by region.| Ukusebenza [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|koMkhonto weSizwe (iqela lezopolitiko)]] ngokwemimandla.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|alt=The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.| Ukusebenza kweQela leNkululeko yezoQoqosho ngokwemimandla kunyulo jikelele lwaseMzantsi Afrika luka-2024 .
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|alt=The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.| Ukulahlekelwa sisihlalo yi-ANC ngokwemimandla kunye nevoti yesizwe kunyulo luka-2024 .
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
File:South-africa-anc-percent.svg|The ANC's performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-da-percent-2024.svg|The Democratic Alliance (South Africa) performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-mk-percent.svg|The [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)]] performance by region.
File:South-africa-eff-percent-2024.svg|The Economic Freedom Fighters performance by region in the 2024 South African general election.
File:South-africa-anc-seat-loss-2024.svg|The ANC's seat loss by region and national ballot in the 2024 election.
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti floatright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:392px;max-width:392px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:110px;max-width:110px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Houses_of_Parliament_(Cape_Town).jpg|108x108px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izindlu zePalamente ezikwidolophu enkulu yaseKapa zilapho iParliament ihlala khona.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:139px;max-width:139px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|137x137px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Izakhiwo ze-Union kwikomkhulu lolawulo ePitoli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:137px;max-width:137px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:89px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Supreme_Court_of_Appeal,_Bloemfontein,_South_Africa.jpg|135x135px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Isiko leNkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno likwidolophu enkulu yezokugweba [[Bloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;IRiphabhliki yoMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary democratic republic. UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika ukhonza njengentloko karhulumente kunye intloko karhulumente. Umongameli ukhethwa yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho (indlu esezantsi yePalamente yoMzantsi Afrika) kwaye kufuneka agcine ukuthembela kweNdlu ukuze ahlale esesikhundleni. Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bakhetha nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zamaphonndo ezilawula iphondo ngalinye kumaphondo alithoba elizweni.

Ukususela ekuphelisweni ucalulo ngowe-1994, IAfrican National Congress (ANC) iye yalawula kwezopolitiko eMzantsi Afrika. I-ANC liqela elilawulayo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe, kunye namaphondo amaninzi, kwaye ikhokelwa ngu Cyril Ramaphosa, okhonza njengoMongameli woMzantsi Afrika. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isabelo sevoti ye-ANC siye sehla kakhulu. Eli qela lafumana i-40.18% yevoti ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka-2024 - ixesha lokuqala iANC ingaphumelelanga ininzi yepalamente kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika wentando yesininzi. 

Iqela lesibini elikhulu kwaye ngokwesiko eliphambili elichasene ne-ANC yi-Democratic Alliance (DA), ekhokelwa ngUGeordin Hill-Lewis, okhonza njengosodolophu waseKapa. I-DA ibone isabelo sayo kwivoti inyuka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye iqela lifumene i-21.81% yevoti kunyulo luka-2024. Okwangoku lilungu leqela elidibeneyo elibizwa ngokuba yiRhulumente woManyano lweSizwe, kwaye linobunini obuhlukeneyo.

Amanye amaqela aphambili ezopolitiko amelwe kwiPalamente aquka Umkhponto weSizwe(MKP), osebenza njengeMchasi esemthethweni, amaLwebe oNkululeko yoqoqosho (EFF), kunye neQela leNkululeko ye-Inkatha (IFP). 

Iqela eliphambili eliyiNew National Party (NNP), elaphumeza kwaye laphelisa ucalulo ngeqela elaliphambi kwalo, iNational Party (NP), lahlukana ngo-2005 ukuze lihlanganiswe ne-ANC.

UNelson Mandela wayengumongameli ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-1999, kwaye abalandela emva kwakhe yayinguThabo Mbeki (1999−2008), uKgalema Motlanthe (2008−2009) kunye noJacob Zuma (2009−2018). UZuma wathatyathelwa indawo nguCyril Ramaphosa emva kokuba lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli erhoxile kweyoMdumba 2018.

Olona nyulo lukhulu lwakutshanje lwenziwa ngomhla wama-29 kuCanzibe 2024, kwaye lwaphumela kurhulumente we-coalition - owokuqala kolu hlobo ukusukela ngo-1994.  Nangona ilahlekelwe yinani elikhulu ngo-2024, iANC yakwazi ukugcina amandla kunye norhulumente wokwabelana.  Unyulo olulandelayo eMzantsi Afrika lukhetho lwasedolophini ngo-2026, apho abavoti baya kukhetha amagosa karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Unyulo luza kuba ngomhla we-4 kweyeNkanga.

UMzantsi Afrika yidemokhrasi. Isigqibo sokhetho sabantu bonke sanikwa ngowe-1994 xa kwaphela ucalulo. Ukususela ngoko, ukhetho luvulekile kwaye lukhuphisana, kwaye ubomi babantu baseMzantsi Afrika buye baphucuka kwiimethrikhi ezininzi.  Nangona kunjalo, ibhekene nemingeni njengoluntu olunobuhlanga obuninzi, olutsha lwentando yesininzi.  yachaza uMzantsi Afrika &quot;njengedemokhrasi enesiphene [kufuneka uhlaziye] Lilizwe elidibeneyo elinesibini elona lizwe likhulu elinomdla wolwakhiwo (kunye neMauritius neCabo Verde) kunye nelizwe elinesithathu elinomdla woluvo wolwakhiwo lwaseAfrika (kunye naseCabo Verde), kunye nelizwe eliphambili elinomdla wokhetho nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lolwazi lolwakhiwo lweAfrika, ngokutsho kwe-V-I-V-Dem Institute.

== Umongo ==
Ngomhla wama 31 kuCanzibe 1910 iCape Colony, I-Natal Colony, I-Transvaal kunye I-Orange River Colony zadityaniswa kwimo enye ebizwa ngokuba yi Union of South Africa. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwamkele inkqubo yolawulo esekwe kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseUnited Kingdom. Umlawuli waseBritani wayengumongameli welizwe loMzantsi Afrika yaye wayemelwe nguRhuluneli-Jikelele. Amandla okwenene ezopolitiko ayephantsi kweNdlu yoMphathiswa noKhabhinethi. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zale nkqubo ezifana norhulumente wamasebe amathathu nePalamente enamandla zisaqhubeka zisebenza namhlanje.

Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga 1926, iBalfour Declaration yamkelwa kwiNgqungquthela yoBukhosi ka 1926. Olu xwebhu lwenza ukuba ubukhosi boBukhosi baseBritane kuquka uMzantsi Afrika bufane omnye nomnye kunye neUnited Kingdom. Ngokwenyani, oku kwenza i-Union of South Africa yaba ligunya elizilawulayo loBukhosi baseBritani. Umanyano loMzantsi Afrika lwaba ngowomntu ngamnye ngo-1931 xa kwavunywa Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster. Inika iParliament yaseMzantsi Afrika igunya lokwenza imithetho yoMzantsi Afrika ngaphandle kokuvunywa yiParliament yaseUnited Kingdom.

Ngowe-1948, Iqela lesizwe laseMzantsi Afrika lamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga obizwa ngokuba yi-apartheid. Abantu abanebala, ingakumbi abantu abamnyama abaninzi, baphulukana namalungelo ambalwa ababenayo. Ukwahlulahlula ngokobuhlanga nokwahlulahlulwa kwakusetyenziselwa ukwahlula izixhobo zoqoqosho nokulawula amandla ezopolitiko. Abamhlophe, ngokukodwa Abantu baseAfrika, babelawula inkqubo yezopolitiko. Abantu abamnyama abazange babe namalungelo okuhlala kuwo onke amaphondo eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngowe-1961, uMzantsi Afrika waba yiRiphablikhi. UKumkani waseBritani wathatyathelw' indawo njengentloko karhulumente ngumphathi okhethwe yinani elincinane labantu ngeembongi ezikhethiweyo. Ngowe-1970, kwaphunyezwa uMthetho Wokuhlaliswa Kwabahlali BaseKhaya. Yakha kwinkqubo yokugcina abantu abamnyama baseAfrika ukuze yenze inkqubo yamazwe abamnyama azimeleyo. Abantu abaninzi abamnyama baphulukana nobumi babo baseMzantsi Afrika baza baba ngabemi I-Bantustan yesizwe sabo. Zange zaziwe ngamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini yaye umlinganiselo wolawulo lwazo oluzimeleyo kwimicimbi yangaphakathi wawulinganiselwe kakhulu.

IAfrican National Congress (ANC) yayikhokela ukulwa nale nkqubo yocalucalulo. Emva koxinzelelo olunzulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemfazwe yasekhaya, urhulumente uDe Klerk wacima okanye wanciphisa imithetho emininzi yocalucalulo. Emva kweengxoxo phakathi kwe-ANC, Inkatha Freedom Party, NP kunye neminye imibutho, ucalulo lwapheliswa ngokusesikweni kwaye uMgaqo-siseko weNqanaba wawamkelwa. AmaBantustans aqedwa aza abuyela eMzantsi Afrika kwaye abemi bawo bafumana ubuzwe baseMzantsi Afrika.

Urhulumente woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) owasekwa phantsi komgaqo-siseko ongeyomfuneko wahlala esebenzayo de kwaba kunyulo luka-1999. Amaqela aqala aquka i-GNU - African Natinal Congress (ANC), i-National Party (NP), kunye ne-Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) - babelana ngamandla aphantsi. Ngomhla wama-30 kuJuni 1996, i-NP yazihoxisa kwi-GNU ukuze ibe yinxalenye yeqela elichasayo.

Uninzi lwemigaqo yokulingana ngokobuhlanga, idemokhrasi yabaninzi kunye namalungelo abantu abambalwa eyawasekayo yaguqulelwa kuMgaqo -siseko wokugqibela waseMzantsi Afrika owamkelwa ngo-1996 kwaye usasebenza. Ichaza ulwakhiwo lukarhulumente, ikhusela amalungelo oluntu asisiseko, idala iindlela zokuphendula kwaye yahlulahlula amandla omthetho nawolawulo phakathi kwamacandelo karhulumente kazwelonke, amaphondo kunye nawasekuhlaleni.

Kwivoti ka-2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa yinani layo kwiPalamente okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi ye-SA. Ngenxa yeengxoxo ezalandelayo, kwaqaliswa umanyano lwamaqela amaninzi. Eli yayiyiRhulumente wokuqala woManyano lweSizwe (i-GNU) kweli lizwe ukususela ngo-1994. I-GNU yayinabantu abane ababumba, kwaye abanye abathathu bajoyina kamva. Bonke abasixhenxe babemelwe kwiKhabhinethi yesithathu kaCyril Ramaphosa, benqunywe kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo zoMphathiswa. Amaqela amabini ongezelelweyo amelwe ngabaSekela boMphathiswa, kwaye elinye iqela elinye lithathe inxaxheba kwi-coalition kodwa alimele kwiKhabhinethi. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho amalungu ali-10 ukususela ngo-2026.

Iipolisi ze-I-Afrobarometer zibonise ukuba imiba ephambili ukususela ngo-2026 yayikungasebenzi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye norhwaphilizo, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kokungonelisekanga kwentando yesininzi.

== Urhulumente ==
UMzantsi Afrika i-parliamentary representative democratic republic, apho UMongameli woMzantsi Afrika, okhethwe yiparliament, iyintloko karhulumente, kwaye kwinkqubo yamaqela amaninzi. Iquka amasebe amathathu.

Igosa elilawulayo libunjwa ngumongameli woMzantsi Afrika kunye IKhabhinethi yoMzantsi Afrika. UMongameli ukhethwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika ixesha leminyaka emihlanu. UMongameli unokukhonza nje izihlandlo ezibini. Ngokwenkomfa eli sikhundla sihlala yinkokeli yeqela elikhulu kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. UMongameli umisela amanye amalungu eKhabhinethi abizwa ngokuba ngabalungiseleli. Oonongameli balawula amasebe karhulumente. IKhabhinethi yenza kwaye iphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zivela kwiKhabhinethi.

Umongameli kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi banoxanduva kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. Inegunya lokubasusa esikhundleni ngokudlulisa isicelo sokungathembi nokubabamba ukuba baphendule imibuzo ebuzwa ngamalungu ePalamente ngomlomo nangokubhaliweyo.

Igumbi elishukumayo libunjwa yiPalamente yoMzantsi Afrika, apho Amalungu ePhalamende akhethwe ngokwentando yesininzi (iMPs) emele abo bakhetha wona. IParliament ineendawo ezimbini ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezihlala abantu abangama-490.

Indlu enkulu, ephantsi yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, enamalungu angama-400 ePalamente, kwaye isebenza kakhulu kwizindlu ezimbini. Ilawula ubume karhulumente yaye imvume yayo iyafuneka ukuze uninzi lweziphakamiso zomthetho zibe ngumthetho. I-National Assembly ikhethwa ngokumelwa ngamaqela. 

Indlu ephezulu yiBhunga leSizwe laMaphondo (i-NCOP), elinama-MP angama-90. Inika ummeli olinganayo kumaphondo asithoba oMzantsi Afrika, kwaye imvume yayo iyafuneka kwimithetho echaphazela amaphondo kunye noluntu lwenkcubeko yoMzantsi Afrika. I-NCOP ikhethwa ziinkundla ezisemthethweni zephondo ngalinye.

Isebe lezomthetho libunjwa ziinkundla. Lithetha yaye liphumeza imithetho. Inkundla ephakamileyo yemibandela yomgaqo-siseko yiNkundla yoMgaqo-sisiseko yoMzantsi Afrika. Inamandla okuphelisa imithetho engqubanayo noMgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yeziBheno yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwimicimbi engekho kumgaqo-siseko. INkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika yinkundla enegunya eliqhelekileyo lokubhena. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo anegunya kummandla welizwe. Iinkundla zoMantyi zisebenza njengeenkundla zesigxina sokuqala. Kukho iinkundla ezikhethekileyo neenkundla ezinegunya elinganiselwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Yokufaka Izibheno.

== Umgaqo-siseko ==
[[File:ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-20070622.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ihlala iJohannersburg kwi Constitution Hill. Nguwo umgwebi wokugqibela womgaqo-siseko kwaye izigqibo zawo zibopha zonke iinkundla kwiRiphablikhi]]
Emva konyulo lwango-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawulawulwa ngumgaqo-siseko wesithuba. Lo mgaqo-siseko wawufuna ukuba iNdibano yoMgaqo-sisiseko (CA) ibhale kwaye ivume umgaqo-sisekelo osisigxina ngoMeyi 9, 1996. Umgaqo-siseko wangoku wamkelwa ngo-1996 waza wamkelwa nguMongameli Nelson Mandela ngo-1997. Ngumthetho ophakamileyo kweli lizwe; yonke eminye imithetho kulindeleke ukuba ilandele kwaye ihambelane nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko awubeki nje kuphela ulwakhiwo lwamasebe amathathu karhulumente kunye namalungelo oluntu asisiseko abo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa ukwakha nokulawulwa kwezimali zikarhulumente, umda nemida yoMbutho wePhondo kunye nokwakhiwa kweZiko kwiSahluko 9 ukuze urhulumente abe noxanduva.

== Amaqela ezopolitiko kunye nesabelo sawo sevoti ngoku ==
Unyulo jikelele lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Unyulo lokuqala lwentando yesininzi olungenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga lwabanjwa ngo- 1994 . Unyulo olulandelayo lwabanjwa ngo- 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, nango -2024 . Kude kube ngu-2008, amagosa anyuliweyo ayevunyelwe ukutshintsha amaqela ezopolitiko, ngelixa egcina izihlalo zawo, ngexesha leefestile ezibekiweyo ezenzeka kabini kwixesha ngalinye lonyulo, ngenxa yezilungiso eziphikisanayo zomthetho ezenziwa ngo-2002. Iifestile ezimbini zokugqibela zokuwela umgangatho zenzeka ngo-2005 nango-2007.

Emva konyulo luka-2009, iANC yalahlekelwa lnani le-2/3 kwisigqeba sesizwe esisemthethweni, nto leyo eyayivumela ukuba itshintshe umgaqo-siseko ngokwahlukileyo.

ICongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) kunye ne-South African Communist Party (SACP) zikwisivumelwano esisemthethweni ne-ANC (i-Tripartite Alliance) ekhoyo, kwaye ke azizimele ngokwahlukeneyo kunyulo.

Ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka 2024, i-ANC yalahlekelwa linani layo kwiparlamende yesizwe okokuqala kwimbali yentando yesininzi yoMzantsi Afrika, nangona yayisaqhubeka njengeqela elikhulu lezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho urhulumente wobunye besizwe (GNU) weqela lamaqela amaninzi. Yayineengxenye ezine zokuqalisa, kwaye ine-10 iyonke, ukususela ngo-2026.

== Amalungelo oluntu ==
Umgaqo-siseko unikeza iziqinisekiso ezininzi, kuquka ukulingana phambi komthetho kunye nokuvalwa kokwahlulahlula; ilungelo lobomi, ubumfihlo, impahla, nenkululeko nokhuseleko lomntu; ukunqandwa kobukhoboka kunye nokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa; inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, yokuhlanganisana, nentlangano. Amalungelo asemthethweni abasolwayo ngokolwaphulo-mthetho nawo abhalwe phantsi. Kwakhona iquka iziqinisekiso ezibanzi ukufikelela ekutyeni, emanzini, kwimfundo, kwizonyango nakwimibutho yoluntu. Umgaqo-siseko ubeka iinkqubo zenkundla ezimeleyo nezingakhethi buso, yaye, enyanisweni, ezi nkalo ziyahlonitshwa.

Amalungelo abemi okufumana indawo ekhuselekileyo, izindlu, imfundo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo aqukwe kuMthetho wamaLungelo, kwaye aziwa njengamalungelo omgaqo-siseko wesibini. Ngowama-2003 amalungelo esibini ngokomgaqo-siseko asetyenziswa yi- Treatment Action Campaign, iqela elilwela amalungelo e-HIV/AIDS njengendlela yokunyanzela urhulumente ukuba atshintshe umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wezempilo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo, kuquka ugonyamelo olubhekiswe kumabhinqa nabantwana, nolwaphulo mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo zikwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ziyinto enzulu. Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi kubakho isenzo sokuphepha isigwebo nesigwebo esivela kwiqela labantu. Abanye abezopolitiko baseMzantsi Afrika babekhuthaza ugonyamelo olusekwe kuhlanga okanye ubulungu bezopolitiko ngokutsho kweNkundla yoLingano yaseMzantsi Afrika.

Amanye amapolisa atyholwa ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokugqithiseleyo nangokuxhaphaza abantu abasemagunyeni; ngenxa yoko, inani labantu abafa besemagunyweni lisengumcimbi. kweyeDwarha 1997, urhulumente waseka iSebe lezikhalazo elizimeleyo ukuze liphonononge ukufa kwabantu abasemagunyeni nakubantu abafa ngenxa yokungenelela kwamapolisa.

Olunye ucalulo olwenziwe kumabhinqa luyaqhubeka, nangona luye lwaphucuka ngokubanzi, yaye ucalulo olunikwe abo baphila neHIV/AIDS luye lwaba ngumcimbi onzulu.

Kukho ukunyamezela okungaphezulu kwezopolitiko kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

== Oopolitiko ababalaseleyo ==
UBantubonke Holomisa, owayengumkhosi omkhulu kwilizwe laseTranskei ukususela ngo-1987, uye wakhonza njengomongameli weUnited Democratic Movement ukususela ngo-1997. Namhlanje ulilungu lePalamente.

UGeneral UConstand Viljoen wayengumlawuli wangaphambili weMikhosi yoKhuselo yaseMzantsi Afrika, owathi, njengenkokeli ye-I-Afrikaner Volksfront, wathumela ama-1500  amajoni akhe ukuba axhase urhulumente ULucas Mangope kwaye aphikisane nokupheliswa kweBophuthatswana njengekhaya ngo-1994. Wayesebenzisana nokuseka iFront Freedom ngo-1994. Uthathe umhlalaphantsi ekubeni lilungu lePalamente ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-2020.

ULucas Mangope, owayesakuba yinkokeli yeqela lama Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane, owayesengumongameli weBantustan yaseBophuthatswana, wayengumongameli weqela leUnited Christian Democratic Party.

== Bona kwakho ==

* Uhlolisiso lweInternet eMzantsi Afrika
* Imithetho yokuthetha inzondo eMzantsi Afrika

== Imithombo ==

== Iincwadi ==

* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika, 1996. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-South-Africa-1996].
* I-United Kingdom. Umthetho woMzantsi Afrika, ka-1909. Ifumaneka kw[https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf I-http://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Umgaqo-siseko waseWestminster, ngowe-1931. Iyafumaneka kwi-&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpga_19310004_en.pdf https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpGA_19310004_en.pdf]
* I-United Kingdom. Isibhengezo sikaBalfour, ngowe-1926.
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umthetho woBumi bamaBantu, 1970. Iyafumaneka kwi-http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/leg19700309028020026
* UMzantsi Afrika. Umgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika, uMthetho 200 ka-1993. Iyafumaneka kwi-[https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-act-200-1993 https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constituction-republic-south-Africa-act-200-1993]
* UMzantsi Afrika. Imeko yeManyano, Umthetho 69 ka 1934.

== Funda ngokugqithisileyo ==

* {{Cite book|last=Habib|first=Adam|title=South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects|publisher=Wits University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-86814-608-6|author-link=Adam Habib}}
* {{Cite book|last=Plaut|first=Martin|title=Who Rules South Africa?|last2=Holden|first2=Paul|publisher=Biteback Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1849544085}}
* {{Cite book|title=Political Parties in South Africa - Do They Undermine or Underpin Democracy?|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7983-0514-3|editor-last=Thuynsma|editor-first=Heather}}
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>I-Operation Dudula</title>
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      <text bytes="5175" sha1="8ju0gjxn39jlwrhlfpik54sj8ji2del" xml:space="preserve">I-Operation Dudula ngumbutho owatshintsha waba liqela lezopolitiko eMzantsi Afrika. Idla ngokuchazwa njengombutho oyi fascist kwaye eliqela laziwa ngokubanzi njengeqela elithiya abemi bangaphandle , kwaye linxulunyaniswa nokusongela ngogonyamelo abantu bamanye amazwe abaneempepha kunye nabangenazo. Eli qela lityhola imida yaseMzantsi Afrika enemingxuma, iindlela zokufudukela ezikhululekileyo kunye nokubakho kwabafuduki njengezona zinto ziphambili kwiingxaki ezininzi zentlalo zaseMzantsi Afrika. Inkokheli yeliqela nguZandile Dabula.

I-Operation Dudula yasungulwa eSoweto, ilokishi yaseRhawutini, kwaye ukususela ngoko isasazeke nakwezinye iindawo zelizwe. Igama elithi &quot;Dudula&quot; lithetha &quot;ukugxotha ngenkani&quot; okanye &quot;ukubetha uwise&quot; ngesiZulu, kwaye libhekisa kwinjongo yentshukumo yokugxotha abemi bangaphandle. Nangona betyholwa ngokujolisa ugonyamelo kubafuduki, iOperation Dudula iyaphika ukuba inento yokwenza neenjongo zokucalucalula abantu bamanye amazwe.


== Imvelaphi, iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi ==
I-Operation Dudula yasekwa nguNhlanhla &quot;Lux&quot; Dlamini (okwanguMohlauhi). UDlamini waduma kakhulu ngendima yakhe ekukhuseleni iMaponya Mall kubaphangi kwisiphithiphithi esenzeka ngeyeKhala ngonyaka wama-2021. Eli qela lavela kwingxoxo eyayigxeka abemi bangaphandle ngenxa yokuwa kunye nobunzima bezoqoqosho, ukufa  okudalwe yi-COVID-19 kunye nokuvalwa kwelizwe. I-Operation Dudula yakhokela umngcelele wayo wokuqala ngomhla we 16 kunyaka wama-2021 idlula eSoweto ijolise kubantu ababekholelwa ukuba ngabathengisi beziyobisi bamanye amazwe kunye namashishini ababecinga ukuba aqesha abemi bangaphandle. Umngcelele wonyusa udumo lwabo kwaye kwiinyanga ezalandelayo, amaqela amaninzi achasene nabemi bangaphandle nawo abizwa ngokuba yiDudula okanye uhlobo oluthile lwegama, njenge-Alexandra Dudula Movement eyahlukileyo, asekwa. NgekaTshazimpuzi kunyaka wama-2022, iOperation Dudula yanda yaya eThekwini, KwaZulu Natal, kwaye ngekaCanzibe kowama 2022, yaya kwiPhondo laseNtshona Koloni.

I-Operation Dudula ithi iphulo layo lijoliswe ekusombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi kunye neenkonzo zempilo ezikwi meko ezimbi ezibangelwa &quot;kukwanda kwabantu abafudukayo abangena mpepha&quot;. Baye bakhankasela ukuba amashishini amancinci aqeshe abantu baseMzantsi Afrika kuphela, kunye nabafuduki abagcina iivenkile bavale baze baphume eMzantsi Afrika. I-Operation Dudula ityholwa ngeziganeko ezininzi zobundlobongela obujoliswe kubafuduki baseAfrika kwiilokishi zaseMzantsi Afrika, kuquka ukuvala iivenkile ngenkani kunye nokuhlasela iipropati. 

NgeyoKwindla kowama 2022, uDlamini wabanjwa ngezityholo zokucwangcisela ukuhlasela ikhaya lelungu le-EFF uVictor Ramerafe eDobsonville apho iOperation Dudula yathi kuthengiswa iziyobisi; wafumana izigwebo ezibini ezixhonyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo. NgeyeKhala kwama 2022, uDlamini washiya iOperation Dudula ukuze agxile emsebenzini wakhe kunye nePalamente yaseSoweto; oku kwakubangelwa kukungaboni ngasonye phakathi kwamaqela amabini malunga nomba wemfuduko.

NgeyeKhala nangeyeThupha kowama 2022, iOperation Dudula yayijolise kwaye ijongene nabafuduki abangekho mthethweni ababehlala kwizakhiwo ezikwisixeko esiphakathi eGoli. Eli qela alinasakhiwo samalungu, libonakala kakhulu kumakhasi onxibelelwano kwaye lwakhiwe ngamalungu oluntu achaphazeleka kakhulu.


KuCanzibe kowama 2023, yazazisa njengeqela lezopolitiko eliceba ukukhuphisana kunyulo kunyaka wama 2024. 

Eminye imibutho enxulumene neOperation Dudula ibandakanya:


* South Africa First campaign 
* Alexandra Dudula Movement 
* All Truck Drivers Foundation 
* MKMVA- UMkhonto weSizwe Military Veterans' Association (echithwe).

== Impendulo ==
I-Operation Dudula ibizwe ngokuba iAfrophobic. Abaxhasi bamalungelo abafuduki bathi iOperation Dudula igxeka abafuduki ngokungafanelekanga ngobunzima bezoqoqosho obubangelwe bubunzulu bokungalingani eMzantsi Afrika.

Amanye amaqela aphikisayo achasene neOperation Dudula asekiwe. I-Kopanang Africa against Xenophobia (KAAX) liqela elasekwa ngokuchasene neOperation Dudula. Ngowama 2023, iKAAX kunye namanye amaqela oluntu afaka ityala enkundleni ngokuchasene neOperation Dudula, befuna ukuthintela eli qela ekuhlaseleni abemi bangaphandle kunye nokuphelisa imizamo yokuvala ufikelelo ezikolweni nakwinkonzo zempilo kubantu basemzini. ISebe leMicimbi yaseKhaya kunye neeNkonzo zamaPolisa laseMzantsi Afrika longezwa kamva kweli tyala, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukukhusela uluntu olubuthathaka. Ekugqibeleni ityala lafika enkundleni ngeyeSilimela kowama 2025.

KuTshazimpuzi kowama 2022, emva koxinzelelo loluntu, umongameli uCyril Ramaphosa wayigxeka iOperation Dudula ngokuthathela umthetho ezandleni ngendlela engekho mthethweni . Nangona iOperation Dudula ngelo xesha yayingabandakanyeki naqela lezopolitiko, iinkokheli zayo zafumana inkxaso yoluntu kwiinkokheli zePatriotic Alliance uGayton McKenzie noKenny Kunene.

== Iziphumo zonyulo ==
Eli qela lifumene iivoti ezingama 2,664 okanye 0.07% eRhawutini, iivoti ezingama 736 okanye 0.05% eLimpopo.

=== Unyulo lwephondo ===

== Bona futhi ==

* Makwerekwere
* Ubuzwe baseMzantsi Afrika
* Ucalucalulo lwabemi bangaphandle eMzantsi Afika 

== Iimbelekiselo ==</text>
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    <title>Ukufundisela uvavanyo &quot;Teaching to the test&quot;</title>
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&quot;'''Teaching to the test&quot;''' ithetha ngendlela yokufundisa apho  kharityhulam kunye nootitshala besebenzisa indlela yofundisa egxila ekufundiseni abafunda ukuba bazilungiselele  ukubhala iimviwo. Le ndlela yokufundisa ithe ngqo, kwaye inceda abafundi ukuba baqhelane nendlela iimviwo zakhiwe ngayo kunye nendlela imibuzo yakhiwa ngayo kwiimviwo. Ngenjongo yokuphucula amanqaku abafundi abawafumanayo xa bebhalela iimviwo kunye ne- 'academic gradings'. Ezi zinto zimpawu ezibonakalisa ukuba umfundi uyaphumelala okanye uyasebenza.

== Iindlela zokufundisa ==
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufundisela uvavayo ziquka:

* '''Test-focused instruction''': Le ndlela kulapho kuye kufundiswe ngoko mxholo wovavanyo. Oku kuquka ukuvavanya ukuba abafundi baya kukhumbula oko bakufundisiwe ngale ndlela bakufundiswe ngayo kunokuba bavavanywe ukuba bakuqonda oko bakufundisiwe.
* '''Skill-based learning:'''  I-teaching to the test yindlela ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa zinkalo ezifana nokuchwetheza, ezimidlalo okanye izakhono ezigxinisisa ukuba umntu asoloko ezilungiselela ukuze aphumelele emagqabini.

Kodwa ke, i-''teaching to the test'' ngamanye amaxesha iye ingabonakasi inkqubela eyiyo yabafundi. Umzekelo, umfundi oye athi xa elungiselela uvavanyo lokufunda anqaye, uye kolu vavanyo aphumelele emagqabini kodwa asokole ukusebenzisa oku akunqayileyo kumxholo unomahluko. Kwi-Matematiki, abafundi abaqhele imibuzo yakwi iimviwo baye basokole ukusebenzisa oku bakufundile kumbuzo obuzwe ngenye indlela. Uphando lukaCraig Jerald lubonakalise ukuba ukugxila kwizinto ezithile zovavayo lungenza ukuba umfundi aphohle kuzo, kodwa angaphuhli kwezinye izakhono.

== Iziphuma zeendlela zokufundisa ==
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-''No Child Left behind'' Act eMelika, yaye yenza ukuba lonyuke inani lokugxila ekufundiseleni uvavanyo olusesikweni, oku kwaye kwenza ukuba uluntu oluninzini luphele sele lusebenzisa i-''teaching to the tes''t. Le ndlela igxaphake kakhulu kwizikolo ezigxomekeke kingxaso-mali karhulumente. Apho amanqaku ovavanyo abaluleke kakhulu ekujongeni impumelelo yesikolo.

Abanye abantu baya yigxeka lendlela yokugxila ekufundiseni abafundi ukuba balungiselele uvavanyo ngoba ayili thatheli ngqalelo imfundo ebanzi, na njengoko ixesha liye lisetyenziswe ukujonga imiba yokufunda enxulumene nokuziphatha, ubuhle okanye ubuchule bokufunda. Baye babonakalisa inkxalabo yokusebenzisa uvavanyo njengendlela esesikweni yokujonga indllela abafundi abanze ngayo. Bayibona lendlela ingalunganga phantsi kwezizathu zokuba bakhona abafundi abanaso isakhona sokubhala uvavavo, abanye abafundi boyiswa ligxala lokubhala  okanye ulwimi lube ngumqobo kumfundi, lichaphazele indlela umfundi enza ngayo

== Ukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo olumiselweyo ==
'''Teaching to the test''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' yindlela yokufundisa enako ukunciphisa ubunyani beziphumo zovavanyo olusesikweni, nanje ngoko luye lugxininiswe kakhulu kwizinto eziza kuphuma kuvavanyo kunolwazi olubanzi. Gabe Pressman, oyintatheli ye WNBC-TV uvelise ukuba ipolitiki inegalelo ekutshitsheni imigangatho akwakhiwa ngawo uvavayo ukuze abafundi bafumane iziphumo abazinqwenelayo. Nto lego enokuthi igqwethe inqanaba lokwenyani lempumelelo yabafundi. U-W. James Popham owaye yiNjangalwazi yezemfundi uphemfule ngelithi uvavanyo ulusesikweni lungangafikeleki kufundi abasuka kwindawo ezahlukeni, ingakumbi obokufika.

== Iimbono zokuziphatha: ==
Kuphononongo lwango-1989 lwendlela i-Teaching to the test iziphatha ngayo kuye kwafunyaniswa iindlela ezininzi  lenkqubo eziphatha ngayo; broad-based instruction apho kufundiswa yonke into kubekho nendlela ezojongene ngqo nezinto ezizakuphuma uvavanyo. Oluphonono lufumanise ukuba lendlela yokufundisa ijongene ngqo nezinto ezisakuphuma kuvavanyo ayikho phantsi kwemigaqo yokuziphatha. Indlela yokufundisa eziphatha ngendlela yi-''broad based'' ''instruction''.

== Imizekelo ye-teaching to the test ==

* ''Test preparation course'': Olu luhlobo lwenkqubo olugxile ekuphuhliseni uvavanyo olusesikweni, luye luquke ukuziluselela ngamandla  ngemibuzo yovavanyo.
* ''Cram schools'': Ngamaziko ezemfunde akhilwe ukuba alungise abafundi, beba lungiselela imviwo ethile ngokuba bagxile ekufundeni nasekuthethi inxaxhepha kuvavayo.

== Ukugxexa kunye nengxoxo mpikiswano ==
Okugxekwayo nge-''Teaching to the tes''t yeyokuba icutha ikharityhulam, ngokuba igxile kwizakhono nakulwazi oluzakuphuma kuvavayo olusesikweni. Oku kucinezela amathuba okuba abafundi babeno lwazi oluphangaleloyo ngoko bakufundayo. Le nkqubo iye yenze ukufunda kube ngokunkqaya nangokuphinda-phinda into enye oku kuye kubizwe ngokuba yi &quot;''drill and kill''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. Le ndlela yokufundisa iye yenze ukuba abafundi bangafikelile kwinqanaba lokwazi ukucinga ngobuchule, uhlalutya nango kucinga ngento abayiboniyo okanye abangayaziyo ngoko bakufundayo. Kwaye oku kunganza ukuba ootitshala bangakwazi ukunxibelelana nabafundi ngezinto ezibanzi kwikharityhulam. Xa kuphandwa kufunyaniswe ukuba lendlela ayisebenzi ngendle ebekufanele isebenza ngoyo ukuphucula amanqaku ovavayo. 

I-''Teaching to the tes''t inxulumaniswe kunye  ne ''Campell's la''w, lomthetho ubona ukuba xa kunikwa ukubaluleka okugqithisileyo kwindlela abafundi abaphumelela ngayo kuvavayo, oku kunokuphazamisa obekufanele ukuba kuyajongwa kubafunda xa befunda.

== Jonga kwakhona ==</text>
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    <title>Usuku lokuzalwa</title>
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[[File:Happy_family_2.jpg|thumb|Usapho lakwilizwe lase Rwanda lubhiyozela umhla wokuzalwa ekhayeni , ngomnyaka wama 2021, ngelixesha lesisifo libizwa ngokuba yiiCOVID]]
Usuku lokuzalwa ng'''umhla wokuzalwa''' komntu okanye ngumfuziselo wokuzalwa kwesakhiwo. Imhla yokuzalwa kwabantu ibhiyozelwa ziiimvaba ngemvaba, abanye babhiyoza ngezipho zokuzalwa, amakhadi okuzalwa, imicimbi yokuzalwa.

Imvaba ezininzi zibhiyozela ukuzalwa kwabaseki beenkonzo zabo okanye iinkonde zenkolo zabo ngeeholide ezikhethekileyo (umz. IKrismesi, I-Mawlid, uMhla wokuzalwa kukaBuddha, uKrishna Janmashtami, I-Gurpurb).

Kukho umahluko phakathi komhla wokuzalwa nosuku lokuzalwa:  umhla wokuzalwa ubhiyozelwa qho ngonyaka ngaphandle komhla ama29 kweyoMdumba ( umz., nge-15 kweyoMqungu)  ngelixa usuku lokuzwalwa yilamini inye ipheleleyo yokuzalwa   (umz., nge-15 keyoMqungu ngowama-2001).</text>
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    <title>Usuku lweNtwasahlobo</title>
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Usuku lweNtwasahlobo luhlobo lweholide ebonisa ukufika kwexesha lentwasahlobo, oluthi lubhiyozelwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo.

== Ihemisphere engasentla ==

=== Albania ===
[[File:Zjarri.jpg|thumb|Zjarri yokubhiyozela iDita e Verës&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-02|title=Dita e Verës|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dita_e_Ver%C3%ABs&amp;oldid=1372851644|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  eTropojë, emantla eAlbania. Ivuthwa ngobusuku bangaphambi okanye phambi kokuphuma kwelanga ukuze inike amandla kuLanga (uDielli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-11|title=Dielli (Albanian paganism)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dielli_(Albanian_paganism)&amp;oldid=1374391485|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;). Abantu bayadanisa kwaye bacule bejikeleze yona okanye bayitsibe, isithethe esenziwa ukuphawula ukuphela kobusika, ukuvuselelwa, ukuhlanjululwa kunye neenjongo zokukhusela.]]
Abemi base Albania babhiyozela ''usuku  lwentwasahlobo'', ngesiAlbania: ''Dita e Verës'' (‘Usuku lweHlobo’), nge 14 ngo  Matshi, kwaye ngo 2004 lwaba yiholide yesizwe eAlbania. Luhlobo lwesithethe sakudala samaAlbania esingokwenkolo yakudala, lubhiyozela amandla oLanga (uDielli) kunye nokuvuselelwa kwendalo. Minyaka le, umbutho okhethekileyo walo mthendeleko wesintu wenziwa kwisixeko saseElbasan, kwaye izithethe zesintu ziqhutywa kulo lonke ummandla ohlala amaAlbania'''.'''

Ngo‑14 Matshi, amaArbëreshë asecaleni lolwandle lwaseItali, uluntu lwamaAlbania oluhlala eItali ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye‑15, aqokelela ingcambu yengca kunye nomhlaba, aze ayise ekhaya ukukhumbula usuku lokufuduka kwawo ukusuka eAlbania. Enyanisweni, imithombo ethile ibuyisela lo mthendeleko kwixesha lamaIllyria amandulo. Ngelo xesha, umthendeleko wawubhiyozelwa ngo‑1 Matshi, owawuhambelana noSuku lokuqala lonyaka ngokweKhalenda kaJulian.

Uhambo lokuhambela lwenziwa kwiintaba ezingcwele zaseAlbania eziphakamileyo ukuze abantu babe kufutshane kangangoko noThixo weLanga baze bathandaze ngobubele kunye nempumelelo yonyaka omtsha. Umlilo omkhulu (uZjarri) uvuthwa ngobusuku bangaphambi okanye phambi kokuphuma kwelanga ukuze unike amandla kuLanga, abantu badanisa kwaye bacule bejikeleze wona okanye bawutsibe, isithethe esenziwa ukuphawula ukuphela kobusika, ukuvuselelwa, ukuhlanjululwa kunye neenjongo zokukhusela. Iintyatyambo kunye neengqekembe zifakwa emnyango weendawo zokuhlala ngenhlanhla.

Umbhiyozo weDita e Verës uqala ngosuku olungaphambili ngokulungiselela izimuncumuncu: irevani kunye neballakume, ezidibanisa ibhotolo, iswekile, umgubo weenkanga kunye namaqanda atyheli, zize ziphekwe kwiofeni yomthi. Ngexesha langokuhlwa, iBallakume, iifigi ezomisiweyo, iiwolnathi, imilenze yenkuku, amaqanda abilisiweyo, kunye neSimit (isandwich esiqhelekileyo sesixeko) zisasazwa kumalungu entsapho. Owesifazane omdala wendlu uhlale evukile ebusuku aze ahambe egumbini ukuya egumbini ebeka ingca kwiipilo zabathandanayo, ulutsha kunye nabantwana, isithethe esimele ukuvuselelwa nokukhawulezisa.

Ngentsasa yo‑14 Matshi, abadala bashiya umnyango uvulekile njengophawu lobubele, befumana imbiza egcwele amanzi amatsha baze bathathe ingca eluhlaza bayise ekhaya. Abancinci bafaka umgquba kwizityalo zeorenji kunye nezi‑oliva, kodwa abancinci kakhulu ngabo bokuqala ukwenza ‘iindwendwe zenhlanhla’ kumamelwane nakwizalamane, ababanika imilenze yenkuku, iifigi ezomisiweyo kunye neenkozo. Ekugqibeleni, isidlo sasemini ngo‑14 Matshi kufuneka sidliwe phandle kunye nabahlobo nezalamane.

=== Estonia ===

=== Bangladesh ===
IBangladesh ibhiyozela usuku  lwentwasahlobo nge 14 Februwari njengosuku lokuqala kwinyanga kaFalgun. Luthathwa njengesiqalo seBoshonto, ixesha lentwasahlobo kumaBengali. Phambi ko2019, usuku lokuqala lukaFalgun lwaluwela nge13 Februwari ngokwekhalenda kaGregorian, kodwa ukusukela ngo2020 ngenxa yeenguqu kwikhalenda yaseBangladesh, iPohela Falgun ibhiyozelwa nge14 Februwari, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ihambelane nosuku lweValentine kweli lizwe.

== Ihemisphere esezantsi ==

=== Argentina ===
I[[Ajentina|Argentina]] ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngokwesiko, nge21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kweEquinox yokwenene yentwasahlobo. Olu suku lukwaphawula.

Nangona olu suku lungelulo iholide yesizwe yokungasebenzi, luhambelana nosuku lwabafundi, olungelusuku lwesikolo kubafundi bamanqanaba onke enkqubo yemfundo. Le holide ke ibhiyozelwa kakhulu kwaye iphambili kubafundi abakwiminyaka yobutsha kunye nolutsha, abathatha ngobuninzi iipaki zikawonkewonke, iilwandle kunye neendawo zangaphandle ezisemazibukweni amakhulu, baze bonwabele [[Imidlalo yePasifiki ka-2023|imidlalo]] okanye [[iipikniki.]]

Ulawulo lwengingqi luhlala lunika uluntu imiboniso yokuzonwabisa, efana neekonsathi zamatye zasimahla. Kule minyaka yakutshanje, imisebenzi yokhuseleko iye yenziwa ukunqanda iziganeko ezifana nokulwa kunye nokonakalisa izinto, kwakunye nolawulo lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziselo ezinxilisayo.

=== Paraguay ===
IParaguay ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo nge21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kweEquinox yokwenene yentwasahlobo. Olu suku lukwaphawula usuku lolutsha

=== Uruguay ===
IUruguay ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo ngo‑21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kwe[[equinox]] yokwenene yentwasahlobo

=== Bolivia ===
''I[[Bolivia]] ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo nge‑21 Septemba. Olu suku lukwaphawula usuku lwabafundi'' kunye ‘día del amor’. Ngalo mhla, ulutsha luthumela amakhadi, iitshokolethi kunye neentyatyambo kubahlobo, kwiqabane okanye kumthandi wabo.

=== South Africa ===
U[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] ubhiyozela usuku lwentwasahlobo nge 1 ka  Septemba. Izithethe zolu suku ziquka abantwana ababhiyozela ngokutshizana ngamanzi kunye nokunikwa abafundi usuku lwe[[civvies]] (usuku lokungafaki iiyunifomu zesikolo). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo ezisemadolobheni wonke umntu uyathatha inxaxheba'''.'''{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5970" sha1="9esmt5cxuoqc5d1mgya9rvs8lekokil" xml:space="preserve">Usuku lweNtwasahlobo luhlobo lweholide ebonisa ukufika kwexesha lentwasahlobo, oluthi lubhiyozelwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo.

== Ihemisphere engasentla ==

=== Albania ===
[[File:Zjarri.jpg|thumb|Zjarri yokubhiyozela iDita e Verës&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-02|title=Dita e Verës|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dita_e_Ver%C3%ABs&amp;oldid=1372851644|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  eTropojë, emantla eAlbania. Ivuthwa ngobusuku bangaphambi okanye phambi kokuphuma kwelanga ukuze inike amandla kuLanga (uDielli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-09-11|title=Dielli (Albanian paganism)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dielli_(Albanian_paganism)&amp;oldid=1374391485|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;). Abantu bayadanisa kwaye bacule bejikeleze yona okanye bayitsibe, isithethe esenziwa ukuphawula ukuphela kobusika, ukuvuselelwa, ukuhlanjululwa kunye neenjongo zokukhusela.]]
Abemi base Albania babhiyozela ''usuku  lwentwasahlobo'', ngesiAlbania: ''Dita e Verës'' (‘Usuku lweHlobo’), nge 14 ngo  Matshi, kwaye ngo 2004 lwaba yiholide yesizwe eAlbania. Luhlobo lwesithethe sakudala samaAlbania esingokwenkolo yakudala, lubhiyozela amandla oLanga (uDielli) kunye nokuvuselelwa kwendalo. Minyaka le, umbutho okhethekileyo walo mthendeleko wesintu wenziwa kwisixeko saseElbasan, kwaye izithethe zesintu ziqhutywa kulo lonke ummandla ohlala amaAlbania'''.'''

Ngo‑14 Matshi, amaArbëreshë asecaleni lolwandle lwaseItali, uluntu lwamaAlbania oluhlala eItali ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye‑15, aqokelela ingcambu yengca kunye nomhlaba, aze ayise ekhaya ukukhumbula usuku lokufuduka kwawo ukusuka eAlbania. Enyanisweni, imithombo ethile ibuyisela lo mthendeleko kwixesha lamaIllyria amandulo. Ngelo xesha, umthendeleko wawubhiyozelwa ngo‑1 Matshi, owawuhambelana noSuku lokuqala lonyaka ngokweKhalenda kaJulian.

Uhambo lokuhambela lwenziwa kwiintaba ezingcwele zaseAlbania eziphakamileyo ukuze abantu babe kufutshane kangangoko noThixo weLanga baze bathandaze ngobubele kunye nempumelelo yonyaka omtsha. Umlilo omkhulu (uZjarri) uvuthwa ngobusuku bangaphambi okanye phambi kokuphuma kwelanga ukuze unike amandla kuLanga, abantu badanisa kwaye bacule bejikeleze wona okanye bawutsibe, isithethe esenziwa ukuphawula ukuphela kobusika, ukuvuselelwa, ukuhlanjululwa kunye neenjongo zokukhusela. Iintyatyambo kunye neengqekembe zifakwa emnyango weendawo zokuhlala ngenhlanhla.

Umbhiyozo weDita e Verës uqala ngosuku olungaphambili ngokulungiselela izimuncumuncu: irevani kunye neballakume, ezidibanisa ibhotolo, iswekile, umgubo weenkanga kunye namaqanda atyheli, zize ziphekwe kwiofeni yomthi. Ngexesha langokuhlwa, iBallakume, iifigi ezomisiweyo, iiwolnathi, imilenze yenkuku, amaqanda abilisiweyo, kunye neSimit (isandwich esiqhelekileyo sesixeko) zisasazwa kumalungu entsapho. Owesifazane omdala wendlu uhlale evukile ebusuku aze ahambe egumbini ukuya egumbini ebeka ingca kwiipilo zabathandanayo, ulutsha kunye nabantwana, isithethe esimele ukuvuselelwa nokukhawulezisa.

Ngentsasa yo‑14 Matshi, abadala bashiya umnyango uvulekile njengophawu lobubele, befumana imbiza egcwele amanzi amatsha baze bathathe ingca eluhlaza bayise ekhaya. Abancinci bafaka umgquba kwizityalo zeorenji kunye nezi‑oliva, kodwa abancinci kakhulu ngabo bokuqala ukwenza ‘iindwendwe zenhlanhla’ kumamelwane nakwizalamane, ababanika imilenze yenkuku, iifigi ezomisiweyo kunye neenkozo. Ekugqibeleni, isidlo sasemini ngo‑14 Matshi kufuneka sidliwe phandle kunye nabahlobo nezalamane.

=== Estonia ===

=== Bangladesh ===
IBangladesh ibhiyozela usuku  lwentwasahlobo nge 14 Februwari njengosuku lokuqala kwinyanga kaFalgun. Luthathwa njengesiqalo seBoshonto, ixesha lentwasahlobo kumaBengali. Phambi ko2019, usuku lokuqala lukaFalgun lwaluwela nge13 Februwari ngokwekhalenda kaGregorian, kodwa ukusukela ngo2020 ngenxa yeenguqu kwikhalenda yaseBangladesh, iPohela Falgun ibhiyozelwa nge14 Februwari, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ihambelane nosuku lweValentine kweli lizwe.

== Ihemisphere esezantsi ==

=== Argentina ===
I[[Ajentina|Argentina]] ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngokwesiko, nge21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kweEquinox yokwenene yentwasahlobo. Olu suku lukwaphawula.

Nangona olu suku lungelulo iholide yesizwe yokungasebenzi, luhambelana nosuku lwabafundi, olungelusuku lwesikolo kubafundi bamanqanaba onke enkqubo yemfundo. Le holide ke ibhiyozelwa kakhulu kwaye iphambili kubafundi abakwiminyaka yobutsha kunye nolutsha, abathatha ngobuninzi iipaki zikawonkewonke, iilwandle kunye neendawo zangaphandle ezisemazibukweni amakhulu, baze bonwabele [[Imidlalo yePasifiki ka-2023|imidlalo]] okanye [[iipikniki.]]

Ulawulo lwengingqi luhlala lunika uluntu imiboniso yokuzonwabisa, efana neekonsathi zamatye zasimahla. Kule minyaka yakutshanje, imisebenzi yokhuseleko iye yenziwa ukunqanda iziganeko ezifana nokulwa kunye nokonakalisa izinto, kwakunye nolawulo lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziselo ezinxilisayo.

=== Paraguay ===
IParaguay ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo nge21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kweEquinox yokwenene yentwasahlobo. Olu suku lukwaphawula usuku lolutsha

=== Uruguay ===
IUruguay ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo ngo‑21 Septemba, usuku olunye okanye amabini ngaphambi kwe[[equinox]] yokwenene yentwasahlobo

=== Bolivia ===
''I[[Bolivia]] ibhiyozela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo nge‑21 Septemba. Olu suku lukwaphawula usuku lwabafundi'' kunye ‘día del amor’. Ngalo mhla, ulutsha luthumela amakhadi, iitshokolethi kunye neentyatyambo kubahlobo, kwiqabane okanye kumthandi wabo.

=== South Africa ===
U[[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] ubhiyozela usuku lwentwasahlobo nge 1 ka  Septemba. Izithethe zolu suku ziquka abantwana ababhiyozela ngokutshizana ngamanzi kunye nokunikwa abafundi usuku lwe[[civvies]] (usuku lokungafaki iiyunifomu zesikolo). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo ezisemadolobheni wonke umntu uyathatha inxaxheba'''.'''{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Infobox person|name=Thando Thabethe|image=|alt=|caption=Thando Thabethe In 2019|birth_name=Thando Thabethe|birth_date={{birth date and age|1990|06|18|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Johannesburg|Johannesburg, Gauteng]], [[South Africa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Profile of Thando Thabethe|url=http://www.owens.co.za/profile/193/Thando-Thabethe|website=Owens|publisher=Owen S. Management|access-date=9 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|alma_mater=[[University of Johannesburg]]|other_names=Thando Thabooty, Thabooty|education=Mondeor High School|occupation={{hlist|Actress|  playwright | radio DJ | TV presenter
}}|years_active=2003–present|known_for={{hlist|[[5FM]] radio DJ and host|[[Generations: The Legacy]]|[[How to Ruin Christmas]]}}|notable_works=|website={{URL|www.thandothabethe.com|thandothabethe.com}}}}UThando Thabethe uzalwe nge-18 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngo1990 eMzantsi Afrika. Ungumdlali weqonga ukwanguye nomsasazi kunomathotholo. Wayekhe wanguye nombonisi kwinkqubo yakumabonakude i-T''hando Bares All'' eyayidlala kwijelo lika-TLC. Njenga ngoku uThando ungumsasazi ophambili wenkqubo edlala ku-947 ebiza ngokuba yi-''Drive with Thando.'' Ungumntu wokuqala e-Afrika ukuba yi-ambasada ka-''Nivea''. Ngo-2019 igama lakhe laye lafakwa kuluhlu lwe-''Forbes Africa Under 30.''

== Ukusukela ebencinci ukuya kwimfundo: ==
UThando Thabethe wazalelwa eGoli, eRhawutini. Ufunde amabanga akhe aphezulu kwisikolo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Mondeor High School. Kunyaka ka-2018 waye wamenywa sesi sikolo ukuba aze azokuthetha nabafundi bebanga leshumi nambini phambi kokuba bagcophele iimviwo zabo zokugqibela.

Emva kwamabanga akhe aphezulu, uThando waye wafunda kwidyunivesthi yaseGoli: University of Jahannesburg. Apho waye wafunda i-Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) waze wathwala isidanga sakhe ngonyaka ka-2011. Intombi yakwa Thabethe ikhule ixesha elininzi ihlala nonina walo nanje ngoko uyise wakhe waye wasweleka esene minyaka eyi-13. 

UThando Thabethe uthathe inxaxhepha eselula kwi-theatre production waze wafumana amdlalo wakhe wokuqala kumabonakude eneminyaka eyi-14. Waye kwanguye nomdlali  e-UJ Arts Centre edlala umdlo weqonga ngelixa ekwasebenza kunomathotholo wedyunivesithi i-UJFM. UJMF yayi ngunomathotholo wokuhlala owawu se-University of Johannesburg apho waqala ngokuba ngumfundi wendaba waze ekuhambeni kwexesha wangu msasazi.

== Umsebenzi awenzayo ==

=== Ukusuka kunyaka ka-2008 ukuyoma ku-2013: Eselula ===
UThando Thabethe uqale ukusasana kunomathotholo ngo-2008 eUJFM, waze wasuka waya kusasaza kwisikhulululo sentsha esidumile i-YFM ngo-2011 ngelixa wayesenza unyaka wakhe wokugqibela kwizifundo zakhe. Na njengoko waye ngumsasazi wayengumdlali ophambili edlala njengo Thando Nkosi kwi-''sitcom'' eyayibizwa ngokuba ''yi-My Perfect Family'' eyaye yadlala iziqingatha zaze zantathu. Ngo-2015 waye wasebenzela i-5FM kwinkqubo i-''Goode Show''. Eminye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo ayenzileyo iquka, Club 808, Intersexions, Ngempela, Kowethu, 1s and 2s kunie ne Single Guys.

=== 2014-2017: Generations: The Lagacy, iNIVEA, I-Thabooty Drive: ===
Ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2014 ukuya kunyaka ka-2017, Thando Thabethe wayedlala njengo Nolwazi Buzo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Generations: The Legacy, eyinkqubo enkulu eMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka-2014, lentombi yaye yatyunjwa ukuba ibe yi-ambasada yokuqala e-Afrika ka-Nivea. Le mveliso, yimveliso yase-German yoku nakekela umzimba. Emva kokuba ezibandakanye ne-5FM, ngo-2016 waye waqalisa ukuzibambela iinkqubo zakhe eyedwa qho ngempela veki. Ngo-2016 wadlala njengo mdlali ophambili kwifilimi yakho yokuqala udlalo noDineo Moeketsi, Thapelo Mokoena kunye noLehasa Moloi eyayibizwa ngokuba yi ''Mrs Right Guy''.

Ngonyaka ka-2016 yayinguye owayebambe i-''South African Music Award'' esebenzisana kunye noSomizi Mhlongo. Ngo-2017 waze wabamba i-''South African Film and Television Awards''.

=== 2018-2020: Wayedlalela I-Housekeepers, waze waphuma kwi-5FM: ===
Intombi yakwa Thababe yaye yaziqalela inkqubo yayo I-Talk Show ebizwa ngokuba yi-''Thando Bares All'' eyayidlala kwijelo lika-''TLC''. Isiqendu sakhe sokuqala sadlala kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka ka-2018 nge-2.

Ngonyaka ka-2018, sele nyaka uphela waye wadlala kwinkqubo i-''Housekeepers'' apho waye dlala njengo Linda Ndlovu. Wadlala le ndima kule nkqubo yade yaya kwisigaba sesibini ngo-2019. Kwaku-2019, waye wangu mdlali ophambili kwinkqubo eyayidlala kwi-''box office'' eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-''Love Lives Here'' edlala njengo Zinhle Malinga.

Ngonyaka ka-2019 waye wanyula njengo msasazi wenkqubo kamabonakude ebalaseleyo kunye nenkqubo ebalaseleyo yengxoko ethi- Thando Bares All eyayidlala ku-TLC. Waye wafuna imbasa yenkqubo yengxoxo ebalaseleyo.

Emva kweminyaka emihlanu esebennza kwi-5FM, waye uwathatha isigqibo sokuba arhoxe ekusebenzeni nesi sikhululo nonyaka ka-2020 kwinyanga yeKwindla. Imini yakhe yoku sasaza okokugqibela kwesisikhululo yayingomhla we-5 kwa kwinyanga yoKwindla. Ngomhla we-7 kuTshazimpunzi waye wasixela isizathu sakhe sokuba arhoxe kule nkqubo kwinkudla zokunxulumana u-Twitter.

=== 2021-Ukuzakuthi ga ngoku: 947 ===
Emva kokuba uDJ Fresh eyikile ukusebenza e-947 waye Thando wathatha esi sithuba esiqala ngo-3pm ukusekela kwinyanga yoKwindla 2021.

Ngomhla we12 kuCanzibe ngo-2022 waye wabhengezwa njejaji kwinkqubo ka-Miss South Afrika 2022.

== Ubomi bakhe ==
Utata kaThando waye wasweleka uneminya eyi-13 usenza ibanga lakhe lesibhozo. Waye walahlekelwa nangu bhuti wakhe uSibu Thabethe, ngo-2015 awaye wadutyulwa ngelixa wayekhuthuzwa.

== Amabhaso ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Umbutho
!Iindidi
!Umsebenzi ophakanyisiweyo
!Isiphumo
!Ref.
|-
|2022
|I-DStv Mzansi Viewers Choice Awards
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Umntu Omthandayo KwiRadio| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=de Wee|first=Naledi|date=2022-04-13|title=DStv Mzansi Viewers Choice Awards: Take a look at all the nominees|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/entertainment/dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-full-list-of-nominees-13-april/|accessdate=2022-04-14|publisher=The South African}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|I-South African Film and Television Awards
|I-TV Comedy
|Owona Mdlali Ubalaseleyo (Indlela Yokonakalisa IKrismesi) | {{won}} 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-09-30|title=All the winners at 2023's 17th Saftas {{!}} Life|publisher=News24|url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/netflix-sa-and-kyknet-the-big-winners-at-2023s-17th-saftas-20230930-2|url-access=subscription|access-date=2023-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== I-Filmography ==

=== Iindima zefilimu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Unyaka
!Iifilimu
!Indima
!Amanqaku
|-
|2019
|''Uthando Luhlala Apha''
|Zinhle Malinga
|Indima ephambili
|-
|2016
|''Umfazi Olungileyo''
|UAnna
|Indima exhasayo
|-
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Iifilimu
!Indima
!Amanqaku
|-
|2008–2010
|''Intsapho Yam Egqibeleleyo'' (ixesha 1-3) 
|UThando Nkosi
|I-Lead (i-Sitcom) 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
|''Amadoda Angatshatanga''
|Ewete
|Inkxaso (Sitcom) 
|-
|''Iindawo eziqhekekileyo''
|ULulu
|Inkxaso (Idrama) 
|-
|2013
|'''UKowethu''
|I-Sazi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |I-Lead (Idrama) 
|-
|2014
|''Uthando Mzansi''
|UJosephine
|-
|2014-2017
|''Izizukulwana: Ilifa''
|Nolwazi Buzo
|I-Lead (i-Soapie) 
|-
|2018
|''UThando Utshabalalisa Zonke''
|Yena ngokwakhe
|Umqhubi (I-Talk Show) 
|-
|2018 - ngoku
|Abaphathi bezindlu  (ixesha 1-3) 
|ULinda
|I-Lead (i-Thriller/Drama) 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|''Iindumiso Zegazi''
|Umthunywa KaHeka
|Inkxaso (i-Thriller) 
|-
|''Indlela Yokuchitha IKrismesi: Umtshato''
|I-Beauty Sello
|I-Lead (i-Romantic Comedy) 
|-
|''I-Reyka''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIRST LOOK {{!}} Kim Engelbrecht and Iain Glen in M-Net's new crime drama Reyka|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/first-look-kim-engelbrecht-and-ian-glen-in-m-nets-new-crime-drama-reyka-20201202-2|accessdate=2021-01-15|website=Channel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thando Thabethe and Kim Engelbrecht to star in detective series 'Reyka'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/local/thando-thabethe-and-kim-engelbrecht-to-star-in-detective-series-reyka-0085d53a-fc9f-4d89-b53e-58a68466fe1a|accessdate=2021-01-15|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|UNandi Cele
|I-Lead (Idrama-lolwaphulo-mthetho) 
|-
|2023
|[[Unstoppable:Thabooty|I-Tabooty]]
|Yena ngokwakhe
|I-reality show
|-
|2023
|Utata Wam, Umzingeli Wemivuzo
|U-Adiya
|Iindwendwe (Iinkqubo Zokuzonwabisa) 
|}
[[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Fix</comment>
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      <text bytes="8351" sha1="6pjgcizawtfhbw2tm8pytei7rlcbv0h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Thando Thabethe|image=|alt=|caption=Thando Thabethe In 2019|birth_name=Thando Thabethe|birth_date={{birth date and age|1990|06|18|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Johannesburg|Johannesburg, Gauteng]], [[South Africa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Profile of Thando Thabethe|url=http://www.owens.co.za/profile/193/Thando-Thabethe|website=Owens|publisher=Owen S. Management|access-date=9 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|alma_mater=[[University of Johannesburg]]|other_names=Thando Thabooty, Thabooty|education=Mondeor High School|occupation={{hlist|Actress|  playwright | radio DJ | TV presenter
}}|years_active=2003–present|known_for={{hlist|[[5FM]] radio DJ and host|[[Generations: The Legacy]]|[[How to Ruin Christmas]]}}|notable_works=|website={{URL|www.thandothabethe.com|thandothabethe.com}}}}UThando Thabethe uzalwe nge-18 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngo1990 eMzantsi Afrika. Ungumdlali weqonga ukwanguye nomsasazi kunomathotholo. Wayekhe wanguye nombonisi kwinkqubo yakumabonakude i-T''hando Bares All'' eyayidlala kwijelo lika-TLC. Njenga ngoku uThando ungumsasazi ophambili wenkqubo edlala ku-947 ebiza ngokuba yi-''Drive with Thando.'' Ungumntu wokuqala e-Afrika ukuba yi-ambasada ka-''Nivea''. Ngo-2019 igama lakhe laye lafakwa kuluhlu lwe-''Forbes Africa Under 30.''

== Ukusukela ebencinci ukuya kwimfundo: ==
UThando Thabethe wazalelwa eGoli, eRhawutini. Ufunde amabanga akhe aphezulu kwisikolo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Mondeor High School. Kunyaka ka-2018 waye wamenywa sesi sikolo ukuba aze azokuthetha nabafundi bebanga leshumi nambini phambi kokuba bagcophele iimviwo zabo zokugqibela.

Emva kwamabanga akhe aphezulu, uThando waye wafunda kwidyunivesthi yaseGoli: University of Jahannesburg. Apho waye wafunda i-Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) waze wathwala isidanga sakhe ngonyaka ka-2011. Intombi yakwa Thabethe ikhule ixesha elininzi ihlala nonina walo nanje ngoko uyise wakhe waye wasweleka esene minyaka eyi-13. 

UThando Thabethe uthathe inxaxhepha eselula kwi-theatre production waze wafumana amdlalo wakhe wokuqala kumabonakude eneminyaka eyi-14. Waye kwanguye nomdlali  e-UJ Arts Centre edlala umdlo weqonga ngelixa ekwasebenza kunomathotholo wedyunivesithi i-UJFM. UJMF yayi ngunomathotholo wokuhlala owawu se-University of Johannesburg apho waqala ngokuba ngumfundi wendaba waze ekuhambeni kwexesha wangu msasazi.

== Umsebenzi awenzayo ==

=== Ukusuka kunyaka ka-2008 ukuyoma ku-2013: Eselula ===
UThando Thabethe uqale ukusasana kunomathotholo ngo-2008 eUJFM, waze wasuka waya kusasaza kwisikhulululo sentsha esidumile i-YFM ngo-2011 ngelixa wayesenza unyaka wakhe wokugqibela kwizifundo zakhe. Na njengoko waye ngumsasazi wayengumdlali ophambili edlala njengo Thando Nkosi kwi-''sitcom'' eyayibizwa ngokuba ''yi-My Perfect Family'' eyaye yadlala iziqingatha zaze zantathu. Ngo-2015 waye wasebenzela i-5FM kwinkqubo i-''Goode Show''. Eminye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo ayenzileyo iquka, Club 808, Intersexions, Ngempela, Kowethu, 1s and 2s kunie ne Single Guys.

=== 2014-2017: Generations: The Lagacy, iNIVEA, I-Thabooty Drive: ===
Ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2014 ukuya kunyaka ka-2017, Thando Thabethe wayedlala njengo Nolwazi Buzo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Generations: The Legacy, eyinkqubo enkulu eMzantsi Afrika. Ngonyaka ka-2014, lentombi yaye yatyunjwa ukuba ibe yi-ambasada yokuqala e-Afrika ka-Nivea. Le mveliso, yimveliso yase-German yoku nakekela umzimba. Emva kokuba ezibandakanye ne-5FM, ngo-2016 waye waqalisa ukuzibambela iinkqubo zakhe eyedwa qho ngempela veki. Ngo-2016 wadlala njengo mdlali ophambili kwifilimi yakho yokuqala udlalo noDineo Moeketsi, Thapelo Mokoena kunye noLehasa Moloi eyayibizwa ngokuba yi ''Mrs Right Guy''.

Ngonyaka ka-2016 yayinguye owayebambe i-''South African Music Award'' esebenzisana kunye noSomizi Mhlongo. Ngo-2017 waze wabamba i-''South African Film and Television Awards''.

=== 2018-2020: Wayedlalela I-Housekeepers, waze waphuma kwi-5FM: ===
Intombi yakwa Thababe yaye yaziqalela inkqubo yayo I-Talk Show ebizwa ngokuba yi-''Thando Bares All'' eyayidlala kwijelo lika-''TLC''. Isiqendu sakhe sokuqala sadlala kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka ka-2018 nge-2.

Ngonyaka ka-2018, sele nyaka uphela waye wadlala kwinkqubo i-''Housekeepers'' apho waye dlala njengo Linda Ndlovu. Wadlala le ndima kule nkqubo yade yaya kwisigaba sesibini ngo-2019. Kwaku-2019, waye wangu mdlali ophambili kwinkqubo eyayidlala kwi-''box office'' eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-''Love Lives Here'' edlala njengo Zinhle Malinga.

Ngonyaka ka-2019 waye wanyula njengo msasazi wenkqubo kamabonakude ebalaseleyo kunye nenkqubo ebalaseleyo yengxoko ethi- Thando Bares All eyayidlala ku-TLC. Waye wafuna imbasa yenkqubo yengxoxo ebalaseleyo.

Emva kweminyaka emihlanu esebennza kwi-5FM, waye uwathatha isigqibo sokuba arhoxe ekusebenzeni nesi sikhululo nonyaka ka-2020 kwinyanga yeKwindla. Imini yakhe yoku sasaza okokugqibela kwesisikhululo yayingomhla we-5 kwa kwinyanga yoKwindla. Ngomhla we-7 kuTshazimpunzi waye wasixela isizathu sakhe sokuba arhoxe kule nkqubo kwinkudla zokunxulumana u-Twitter.

=== 2021-Ukuzakuthi ga ngoku: 947 ===
Emva kokuba uDJ Fresh eyikile ukusebenza e-947 waye Thando wathatha esi sithuba esiqala ngo-3pm ukusekela kwinyanga yoKwindla 2021.

Ngomhla we12 kuCanzibe ngo-2022 waye wabhengezwa njejaji kwinkqubo ka-Miss South Afrika 2022.

== Ubomi bakhe ==
Utata kaThando waye wasweleka uneminya eyi-13 usenza ibanga lakhe lesibhozo. Waye walahlekelwa nangu bhuti wakhe uSibu Thabethe, ngo-2015 awaye wadutyulwa ngelixa wayekhuthuzwa.

== Amabhaso ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Umbutho
!Iindidi
!Umsebenzi ophakanyisiweyo
!Isiphumo
!Ref.
|-
|2022
|I-DStv Mzansi Viewers Choice Awards
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Umntu Omthandayo KwiRadio| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=de Wee|first=Naledi|date=2022-04-13|title=DStv Mzansi Viewers Choice Awards: Take a look at all the nominees|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/entertainment/dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-full-list-of-nominees-13-april/|accessdate=2022-04-14|publisher=The South African}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|I-South African Film and Television Awards
|I-TV Comedy
|Owona Mdlali Ubalaseleyo (Indlela Yokonakalisa IKrismesi) | {{won}} 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-09-30|title=All the winners at 2023's 17th Saftas {{!}} Life|publisher=News24|url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/netflix-sa-and-kyknet-the-big-winners-at-2023s-17th-saftas-20230930-2|url-access=subscription|access-date=2023-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== I-Filmography ==

=== Iindima zefilimu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Unyaka
!Iifilimu
!Indima
!Amanqaku
|-
|2019
|''Uthando Luhlala Apha''
|Zinhle Malinga
|Indima ephambili
|-
|2016
|''Umfazi Olungileyo''
|UAnna
|Indima exhasayo
|-
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Iifilimu
!Indima
!Amanqaku
|-
|2008–2010
|''Intsapho Yam Egqibeleleyo'' (ixesha 1-3) 
|UThando Nkosi
|I-Lead (i-Sitcom) 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
|''Amadoda Angatshatanga''
|Ewete
|Inkxaso (Sitcom) 
|-
|''Iindawo eziqhekekileyo''
|ULulu
|Inkxaso (Idrama) 
|-
|2013
|'''UKowethu''
|I-Sazi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |I-Lead (Idrama) 
|-
|2014
|''Uthando Mzansi''
|UJosephine
|-
|2014-2017
|''Izizukulwana: Ilifa''
|Nolwazi Buzo
|I-Lead (i-Soapie) 
|-
|2018
|''UThando Utshabalalisa Zonke''
|Yena ngokwakhe
|Umqhubi (I-Talk Show) 
|-
|2018 - ngoku
|Abaphathi bezindlu  (ixesha 1-3) 
|ULinda
|I-Lead (i-Thriller/Drama) 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|''Iindumiso Zegazi''
|Umthunywa KaHeka
|Inkxaso (i-Thriller) 
|-
|''Indlela Yokuchitha IKrismesi: Umtshato''
|I-Beauty Sello
|I-Lead (i-Romantic Comedy) 
|-
|''I-Reyka''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIRST LOOK {{!}} Kim Engelbrecht and Iain Glen in M-Net's new crime drama Reyka|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/first-look-kim-engelbrecht-and-ian-glen-in-m-nets-new-crime-drama-reyka-20201202-2|accessdate=2021-01-15|website=Channel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thando Thabethe and Kim Engelbrecht to star in detective series 'Reyka'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/local/thando-thabethe-and-kim-engelbrecht-to-star-in-detective-series-reyka-0085d53a-fc9f-4d89-b53e-58a68466fe1a|accessdate=2021-01-15|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|UNandi Cele
|I-Lead (Idrama-lolwaphulo-mthetho) 
|-
|2023
|[[Unstoppable:Thabooty|I-Tabooty]]
|Yena ngokwakhe
|I-reality show
|-
|2023
|Utata Wam, Umzingeli Wemivuzo
|U-Adiya
|Iindwendwe (Iinkqubo Zokuzonwabisa) 
|}
[[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7255" sha1="pvio7esyg4gid2iwnxeqph6l2x0pbyv" xml:space="preserve">I-Amapiano luhlobo lomculo wase Mzantsi Afrika olwaduma ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2020. Luhlobo lomvulo oluxube ikwaito, ideep house, igqom, ijazz, isoul, kunye nomculo we lounge ophawulwa zi ''synths'' kunye nee ''basslines'' odlalwa ngezixhobo ezibethwayo. Igama elithi &quot;amapiano&quot; livela kwigama lesiZulu elithi &quot;iipiyano”. 

== Imvelaphi ==
Akukho &quot;mseki wokwenene&quot; we-amapiano. 

Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukungacaci kunye nengxoxo malunga nemvelaphi yayo, kukwakho neengxelo ezahlukeneyo zeendidi zomculo kwiilokishi zaseGoli. Kuba ineendawana ezifana ne ''bacardi house'', abanye abantu bathi olu hlobo lomculo lwaqala ePitoli kodwa akucaci. Iingxelo ezahlukeneyo zokuba ngubani owakha olu hlobo lomculo oludumileyo zenza kube nzima ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo imvelaphi yawo. 

Igama elithi amapiano ligama lesiZulu elinokuguqulelwa ngokukhululekileyo libe &quot;ziipiano.&quot; Olu hlobo lomculo luculwa kakhulu kwiilwimi ezilishumi elinanye kwezili shumi elinesibini ezisemthethweni zaseMzantsi Afrika, ezifana nesiZulu, isiXhosa, isiSwati, isiSotho, isiPedi, isiTswana, isiNgesi, isiXitsonga, isiTshivenda, isiBhulu, okanye isiNdebele.

== Inkcazelo ==
I-Amapiano yahlulwe ngeengoma ezisebenzisa ipiyano, i''deep house'', i''soul'', i''kwaito'' kunye nee-''bassline'' ze ''log drum''. Iipakethi zeesampuli zolu hlobo zisoloko ziquka izandi ezivela kumculo we ''gqom''. I-''Bacardi'' ihlala ibonwa ngendlela engachanekanga njengohlobo olungaphantsi kwe-amapiano okanye oluvele kwiminyaka yama 2020. 

Into edumileyo yolu hlobo kukusetyenziswa kwe''-log drum'' (umhlobo we elektroniki ye ''log drum'' ovela eNtshona Afrika), i-''percussive'' ''bassline'' , eyazuza udumo kumculo we-amapiano ngabavelisi abaliqela. Ngokutsho kovulindlela we-amapiano uKabza De Small:


&quot;Andazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Andazi ukuba wayifumanisa njnai i-''log drum''. Umculo we-amapiano ubusoloko ukhona, kodwa nguye oze nesandi se ''log drum''. Aba bafana bathanda ukuzama. Bahlala bejonga ii''plug-ins'' ezintsha. Ngoko ke xa uMDU wayifumanisa, wabaleka nayo.&quot;

Ukusetyenziswa kwesandi se-elektroniki okanye isandi se-''log drum'' kumculo waseAfrika kwaqala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho amapiano nangona okwahlukileyo kudla ngokunga thathwa kakuhle, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba isuka kwisintu okanye kwi ''acoustic'' yaseNtshona Afrika ize novulindlela we-''kwaito'' uM'du (okwaziwa ngokuba nguMdu Masilela). 

== Iintlobo ezingaphantsi nokudityaniswa ==

=== I-Afropiano ===


I-Afropiano ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNigerian amapiano, umxube we-''afrobeats'' kunye ne-''amapiano'', yafumana udumo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2020 njengohlobo oludumileyo lwee-''afrobeats''. Abaqambi bolu hlobo baquka uClemzy kunye no L.A.X.

=== I-Bique ===
I-Bique isebenzisa isandi se-''log drum'' esivakala sisehla sisonyuka kwaye ifumana igama layo kwilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma weAfrika, iMozambique. Imiboniso ephawulekayo yeBique : &quot;Ize (Bique Mix)&quot; kaZanTen kunye nengoma kaDJ SOL K, FOI kunye nekaJay Music ethi &quot;Bique (Deep Groove)&quot;.

=== I-Bongopiano ===


I-Bongopiano luhlobo lomculo oludibanisa umculo we''-bongo flava'' kunye ne-amapiano, oluvela eTanzania ngeminyaka yama-2020. Ngeminyaka yama-2020, abaculi abaninzi abadumileyo baseTanzania abaquka uDiamond Platnumz, uMarioo, uHarmonize, uNandy, uJux, uMbosso kunye noZuchu bakhuphe iingoma ze-bongopiano eziphawulekayo.

=== I-Gqom 2.0 ===
Phakathi kwiminyaka yama-2010 ukuyotsho ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2020, iGqom 2.0 yavela njengohlobo olungaphantsi kwe''Gqom'', kunye nezinye iinguqulelo ze''Gqom'' ezifana ne-''3-Step'' kunye ''nesgubhu.'' IGqom 2.0 yahlulwe sisantya esicothayo esidityaniswe nezinto ezifana ne-amapiano, i-afrohouse kunye ne-afrotech.


=== I-New Age Barcadi ===
I-New Age Bacardi kukudibana kwe-bacardi kunye ne-amapiano okwavela malunga nonyaka wama-2021, okuboniswe yingoma ethi  &quot;Trust Fund&quot; eyayiquka uKabza De Small, uMpura, uFocalistic kunye noDJ Maphorisa. UDJ Maphorisa ugxininise ukuba abavelisi beerekhodi basePitoli badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni iindlela zomculo kwaye isantya se-new age bacardi siye saphungulwa kwisantya se-bacardi esikhawulezayo.

=== I-Ojapiano ===
I-Ojapiano kukudityaniswa kwezixhobo zomculo ze-Igbo, i-Ọjà, kunye nohlobo olungaphantsi komculo we-amapiano olwavela eNigeria ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2020. Eli gama laqanjwa nguKcee ngeminyaka yama-2020. Kubekho oovulindlela abaninzi bolu hlobo ukususela oko lwavela,  baquka uKcee, uSnazzy the Optimist, uOxlade kunye neqela elidumileyo le-''pop rock'' laseMelika i-OneRepublic.

=== I-Popiano ===
IPopiano idibanisa i-pop ne-amapiano. Umfanekiso ophawulekayo yingoma yangonyaka wama-2021 ethi &quot;Overdue&quot; eyenziwe ngabavelisi beerekhodi uKooldrink, uDJ Lag kunye nomculi, uTyla, ebonise ukudibana kwe-popiano kunye ne-''gqom.'' Ukusukela oko ipopiano yaqala, uTyla ubizwa ngokuba yi”Kumkanikazi yePopiano&quot;.

=== I-Private school piano ===
I-Private school piano eyaziwa ngokuba yi ''soulful'' ''amapiano'' yahlulwa ngokusebenzisa kwayo i-''shakers'', izandi ze-''mellow log drum'' kunye ne-''progressive chord sequences''. I-Private school piano inikwe udumo olukhulu nguKelvin Momo. Oluhlobo lomculo luhlala lubandakanya izixhobo zomculo ezidlalwa bukhoma, kuquka  igitari, isaksofowuni, ivayolin kunye nexilongo.

=== I-Quantam Sound ===
I-Quantum Sound luhlobo lomculo oluphawulwa ngokuhlelwa ngokutsha, olusekelwe kwaye laphefumlelwa yi ''gqom'', ingakumbi isitayile esibizwa nge ''taxi kick''. Olu hlobo lunabavelisi abaninzi beerekhodi abakuquka uRealShaunMusiq, uSizwe Nineteen kunye noNandipha808.

== Udumo ==
Ngonyaka wama-2019, olu hlobo lomculo lwathandwa kakhulu lizwekazi laseAfrika, kwaza kwabonakala ukwanda kwemisinga yomculo kunye nempumelelo kwiitshati zomculo kumazwe akude kakhulu nemvelaphi yawo iMzantsi Afrika. 

Ngonyaka wama-2021, kwabakho umsitho wamabhaso omculo, iSouth Africa Amapiano Music Awards.

Ngonyaka wama-2022, ivenkile yomculo ekwi-intanethi yaseMelika iBeatport yongeza olu hlobo lomculo eqongeni layo, ineenkqubo zayo ezizodwa zoluhlu lweengoma ezithandwayo kunye nee-''playlists.''

Olu hlobo lomculo lubenodumo kakhulu kulutsha  olukumakhasi onxibelelwano apho iividiyo ezisebenzisa umculo we-amapiano zazifakwa khona, nto leyo yakhuthaza ukudanisa eMzantsi Afrika.

NgeyeDwarha kunyaka wama-2023, ingoma ye-afrobeats kunye ne-amapiano ethi &quot;Water&quot; kaTyla yafumana udumo kwihlabathi liphela emva kwe ''dance challenge'' ye-''bacardi house'' eyasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kumakhasi onxibelelwano. Yaba yingoma yokuqala yomculi omnye waseMzantsi Afrika ukungena kwi-US Billboard Hot 100 kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu, kwaye yayiyeyona idumileyo kwiingoma ezilishumi e-United Kingdom, e-Ireland, e-Australia, eNetherlands, eSweden naseNew Zealand, apho yafikelela khona kwindawo yokuqala.

== Amagcisa aphesheya ==
Iqela lamantombazana aseMzantsi Khoriya iLe Sserafim lifumene ugqozi kwi-amapiano ngengoma yabo ethi &quot;Smart&quot; kwi-EP yabo yesithathu, i-Easy. Umrepha waseTshayina uVinida Weng udibanise i-amapiano ne-''rap'' yaseFujianese kwingoma yakhe ethi &quot;Waiya!&quot;. Umculi waseYiphutha u-TUL8TE wenze ingoma ephefumlelwe yi-amapiano ebizwa ngokuba yi-&quot;Enty Crazy&quot; kwi-albhamu yakhe ethi Narein.

== Bona futhi ==

* Uluhlu lwabaculi be-Amapiano

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  &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Amapiano''' luhlobo lomculo ovela [[UMzantsi Afrika]] owaqala ukuthandwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2020.Ingumxube we kwaito, (Deep house), i-gqom, i-jazz, i-soul, kunye nomculo we-i-lounge obonakaliswa zi-(synths) kunye ne (basslines) ebanzi, (percussive). Igama elithi &quot;amapiano&quot; livela kwigama [[IsiZulu|lesiZulu]] elichaza i &quot;pianos&quot;.

== Imvelaphi ==
Akukho &quot;mmiselo wenene&quot; omnye wamapiano. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lwandle|first=Sibusisiwe|date=2021-05-12|title=A Look at How Amapiano Has Made the Mzansi Music Industry Shake - Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/100026-a-look-how-amapiano-has-made-mzansi-music-industry-shake.html|accessdate=2025-08-04|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukungacaci kunye nengxoxo malunga nemvelaphi yayo, ngeengxelo ezahlukeneyo zentlobo zomculo kwiidolophu zaseJohannesburg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Prspct|date=2018-11-21|title=New age house music: the rise of &quot;amapiano&quot;|url=https://www.prospect.zone/en/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172733/https://www.prospect.zone/en/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|archive-date=4 March 2020|accessdate=2019-10-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shumba|first=Ano|date=2019-08-09|title=Top amapiano songs of 2019|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/top-amapiano-songs-2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809154153/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/top-amapiano-songs-2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|accessdate=2024-06-22|website=Music In Africa|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=Citizen|date=2019-11-08|title=Amapiano tracks that should be on your playlist this summer|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/amapiano-tracks-that-should-be-on-your-playlist-this-summer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713084201/https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/amapiano-tracks-that-should-be-on-your-playlist-this-summer/|archive-date=13 July 2024|accessdate=2024-07-13|website=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 June 2019|title=The Rise of Amapiano|work=The Chronicle|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|url-status=live|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728195549/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|archive-date=28 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngenxa yokuba inokufana okuthile nendlu ye-(bacardi), abanye abantu bathi lo mbandela waqala ePitoli kodwa awukaqinisekanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Selaluke|first=Stephen|date=29 August 2020|title=Bacardi music back due to popular demand|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/news-headlines/local-news/2020/08/29/bacardi-music-back-due-to-popular-demand/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20was%20first%20discovered%20by,Fani%20Hlongwane%20in%20Mamelodi%20West.%E2%80%9D&amp;text=Bra%20Fani%20used%20to%20play,and%20also%20at%20local%20pubs.%E2%80%9D|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108140950/https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/news-headlines/local-news/2020/08/29/bacardi-music-back-due-to-popular-demand/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20was%20first%20discovered%20by,Fani%20Hlongwane%20in%20Mamelodi%20West.%E2%80%9D&amp;text=Bra%20Fani%20used%20to%20play,and%20also%20at%20local%20pubs.%E2%80%9D|archive-date=8 November 2023|accessdate=2 July 2021|website=The Citizen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miya|first=Madzadza|date=18 July 2022|title=Bacardi House-Tinged Amapiano Is Setting the Streets Ablaze - Okayplayer|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-bacardi-house-south-africa/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716162112/https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-bacardi-house-south-africa/|archive-date=16 July 2024|accessdate=2024-08-04|website=OkayAfrica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amapiano: a township sound with staying power|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-07-07-amapiano-a-township-sound-with-staying-power/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029004509/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-07-07-amapiano-a-township-sound-with-staying-power/|archive-date=29 October 2019|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Joyce|first=Liam Karabo|date=23 October 2019|title=Meet the vocalist featured on the biggest amapiano tracks|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/meet-the-vocalist-featured-on-the-biggest-amapiano-tracks-35610310|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608111151/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/meet-the-vocalist-featured-on-the-biggest-amapiano-tracks-35610310|archive-date=8 June 2024|accessdate=1 November 2019|publisher=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amapiano a new movement... Period|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-amapiano-a-new-movement-period/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225724/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-amapiano-a-new-movement-period/|archive-date=21 April 2021|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iingxelo ezahlukeneyo zokuba ngubani owakha oluhlobo ludumileyo lwenza kube nzima ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo imvelaphi yalo.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=Charting the Meteoric Rise of South Africa's AmaPiano|url=https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-10-02/charting-the-meteoric-rise-of-south-africas-amapiano/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029121014/https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-10-02/charting-the-meteoric-rise-of-south-africas-amapiano/|archive-date=29 October 2019|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=Spotify|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igama elithi ''amapiano'' ligama elisuka kwisi[[IsiZulu|Zulu]] elinokuguqulelwa ngokulula ngokuthi &quot;pianos&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Amapiano: What is it all about?|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/amapiano-what-it-all-about|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804095811/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/amapiano-what-it-all-about|archive-date=4 August 2024|accessdate=2021-01-30|publisher=musicinafrica.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Daryl|date=2022-02-15|title=How 'Amapiano', South Africa's soulful sound, has become one of the hottest new music genres|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/15/africa/amapiano-south-africa-music-genre-origins-spc-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623074956/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/15/africa/amapiano-south-africa-music-genre-origins-spc-intl/index.html|archive-date=23 June 2023|accessdate=2024-07-13|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Olu hlobo lubhalwa ikakhulu ngeelwimi ezilishumi elinanye kwezili 12 ezisemthethweni zoMzantsi Afrika ezifana [[IsiZulu|nesiZulu]], isi[[IsiXhosa|Xhosa]], [[IsiSwazi|IsiSwati]], [[IsiSotho|I-Sesotho]], [[IsiPedi|I-Sepedi]], [[IsiTswana|IsiSetswana]], [[IsiNgesi]], [[IsiTsonga|IsiXitsonga]], [[IsiVenda|I-Tshivenda]], [[IsiBhulu|I Afrikaans]], okanye [[Ulwimi lwesiNdebele saseMzantsi|IsiNdebele]].

== Inkcazo ==
Amapiano abonakala ngeemvumi zepiyano, i-deep house, i-soul, i-kwaito kunye ne-log drum I-basslines. Iipakethi zesampula zolu hlobo zihlala zibandakanya izandi ezivela kumculo we-gqom. I-Bacardi, idla ngokuqondwa ngokungalunganga njengohlobo oluthile lwamapiano okanye ngokuvela kwiminyaka yoo-2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Yanos Plug: Amapiano to The World|url=https://theyanosplug.com/about-us/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608111155/https://theyanosplug.com/about-us/|archive-date=8 June 2024|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=The Yanos Plug|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Amapiano Songs of 2019|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-best-songs-2019/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329153415/https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-best-songs-2019/|archive-date=29 March 2020|accessdate=2020-03-29|website=OkayAfrica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kriger|first=Themba|date=2024-04-25|title=How Amapiano Took Over The World|url=https://www.redbull.com/za-en/amapiano-history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428014854/https://www.redbull.com/za-en/amapiano-history|archive-date=28 April 2024|accessdate=2024-06-24|website=Red Bull|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amapiano's Second Wave: How innovations emerge from Black South African culture|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/amapiano-second-wave-black-south-africa-culture-innovation-townships|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618112246/https://mixmag.net/feature/amapiano-second-wave-black-south-africa-culture-innovation-townships|archive-date=18 June 2024|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=Mixmag}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; [Kufuneka ukucaciselwa] 

Into ethandwayo yoluhlobo lomculo kukusetyenziswa kwe log drum (inguqulelo ye-elektroniki ye log drum evela eNtshona Afrika),&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kalani|title=World Rhythms! Arts Program presents West African Drum &amp; Dance: A Yankadi-Macrou Celebration|last2=Camara|first2=Ryan M.|publisher=Alfred Music|isbn=978-1-4574-2233-1|page=19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; umgca omkhulu we-bass percussive, owenziwa waba yi (Bassline) kumculo wamamapiano ngabavelisi abaliqela. Ngokutsho komnye uvulindlela wamapiano IKabaza De Small:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Andiyazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Andazi ukuba wayibona njani i-log drum. Umculo we-Amapiano ubusoloko ukho, kodwa nguye owenza isandi se-log drum . Aba bafana bathanda ukuzama. Bahlala bejonga iiplagi-in ezintsha. Ke xa i-MDU yaziqonda, yabaleka nayo. &quot; &lt;/blockquote&gt;Ukusetyenziswa kwesandi se-elektroniki okanye i log drum kumculo wase-Afrika kususela kwamapiano nangona okuchaseneyo kuhlala kuqondwa kakubi, kwaye mhlawumbi kwaphuhliswa ukusuka kumgqomo wesigqoko saseNtshona Afrika ngu-kwaito uvulindlela uM'du (okwabizwa ngokuba nguMdu Masilela).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Soundcity|date=2017-08-21|title=New Music: Ric Hassani ft. Mumba Yachi - Sweet Mother {{!}} Pre-Order &quot;The African Gentleman&quot;|url=https://soundcity.tv/new-music-ric-hassani-ft-mumba-yachi-sweet-mother-pre-order-the-african-gentleman/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804095809/https://soundcity.tv/new-music-ric-hassani-ft-mumba-yachi-sweet-mother-pre-order-the-african-gentleman/|archive-date=4 August 2024|accessdate=2024-08-04|website=Soundcity|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iindidi ezisezantsi kunye nokudibanisa ==

=== I-Afropiano ===
I-Afropiano ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-amapiano yaseNigeria, umxube we-afrobeats kunye ne-amapiana, yafumana ukubonakala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2020 njengotshintsho oluthandwayo lwe-afrobeat. Oovulindlela bale genre baquka uClemzy kunye ne-LAX.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Daily Post Staff|date=2023-04-19|title=Top 6 Nigerian amapiano songs|language=en-US|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/19/top-6-nigerian-amapiano-songs/|url-status=live|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107165333/https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/19/top-6-nigerian-amapiano-songs/|archive-date=7 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Online|first=Tribune|date=2021-11-23|title=How I pioneered Afropiano sound with L.A.X's monster record 'GO LOW' ― Hit maker, Clemzy|language=en-GB|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-i-pioneered-afropiano-sound-with-l-a-xs-monster-record-go-low-%E2%80%95-hit-maker-clemzy/|url-status=live|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107135812/https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-i-pioneered-afropiano-sound-with-l-a-xs-monster-record-go-low-%E2%80%95-hit-maker-clemzy/|archive-date=7 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Bique ===
I-Bique isebenzisa isandi se-log drum esiphawulekayo kwaye yafumana igama layo kwilizwe laseMzantsi-mpuma Afrika, [[Mozambikh|UMozambique]]. Imifanekiso ephawulekayo ye-bique yi &quot;Ize (Bique Mix) &quot; kaZanTen kunye ne-DJ SOL K, i-FOI kunye ne-Jay Music &quot;Bique (Deep Groove) &quot;, iingoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

=== I-Bongopiano ===
I-Bongopiano luhlobo lomxube oludibanisa umculo we-i- bongo flava kunye ne-amapiano, eyavela [[ITanzania|eTanzania]] ngexesha le-2020. Kwiminyaka yoo-2020, abaculi abaninzi ababalaseleyo baseTanzania kubandakanya IDiamond Platnumz, Marioo, Harmonize, UNandy, Jux, I-Mbosso I-Zuchu bakhupha iingoma eziphawulekayo ze bongopiano. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Digital|first=Standard|title=BongoPiano: The musical crossover that has everyone dancing|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/article/2001479603/bongopiano-the-musical-crossover-that-has-everyone-dancing|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115002636/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/article/2001479603/bongopiano-the-musical-crossover-that-has-everyone-dancing|archive-date=15 January 2024|accessdate=2024-08-01|website=Standard Entertainment|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-GQOM 2.0 ===
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2010 malunga nokuqala kowama-2020, i-Gqom 2.0 yavela njengo hlobo oluphantsi kwegqom,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dazed|date=2021-10-22|title=Dazed Mix: DJ Lag|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/54567/1/dazed-mix-dj-lag|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211125424/https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/54567/1/dazed-mix-dj-lag|archive-date=11 December 2023|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-16|title=DJ Lag is one step closer to Meeting with the King|url=https://pan-african-music.com/en/dj-lag-raptor/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216132759/https://pan-african-music.com/en/dj-lag-raptor/|archive-date=16 December 2021|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=PAM - Pan African Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-gqom ezinje nge-3-Step kunye nesgubhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Murphy|first=Ben|date=2016-01-05|title=Gqom: A deeper look at South Africa's new generation of house|url=https://www.factmag.com/2016/01/05/gqom-feature/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520141738/https://www.factmag.com/2016/01/05/gqom-feature/|archive-date=20 May 2024|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=Fact Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sound (RPS)|first=Radio Primavera|year=2019|title=Gqom Fridays 1x06 Sgubhu and 3-step|url=https://www.mixcloud.com/RadioPrimaveraSound/unknown-gqom-fridays-1x06-sgubhu-and-3-step/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727040426/https://www.mixcloud.com/RadioPrimaveraSound/unknown-gqom-fridays-1x06-sgubhu-and-3-step/|archive-date=27 July 2024|accessdate=2024-08-04|website=Mixcloud}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 December 2020|title=Interview: DJ Lag is Firm on Taking Gqom To The Rest of the World - Okayplayer|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/dj-lag-firm-taking-gqom-to-the-world/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217171053/https://www.okayafrica.com/dj-lag-firm-taking-gqom-to-the-world/|archive-date=17 December 2020|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=OkayAfrica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; I-Gqom 2.0 ibonakala ngokuba ne-tempo ephantsi kakhulu edibene nezinto ze-amapiano, i-afrohouse kunye ne-afrotech. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== I-Bacardi Yamaxesha Amatsha ===
I-New Age Bacardi ibonisa ukudibana kwe-bacardi kunye ne-amapiano eyavela malunga nonyaka ka-2021 echazwe kwI-Mellow &amp;amp;amp; Sleazy track &quot;Trust Fund&quot; eyayibandakanya uKabza De Small, I-Mpura, Focalistic kunye noDJ Maphorisa. U-DJ Maphorisa ugxininise ukuba abavelisi beerekhodi basePretoria badlale indima ephambili ekudibaniseni izitayela zomculo kwaye isantya se-bacardi yexesha elitsha besibambezele ngaphantsi kwee-bacarti ze-bacarda zangaphambili.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== I-Ojapiano ===
I-Oja yintlanganisela yesithuthi se-I-Igbo esiqhelekileyo i-Ojà kunye ne-amapiano eyavela eNigeria ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2020. Eli gama laqanjwa nguKcee kwiminyaka yoo-2020. Kukho oovulindlela abaliqela behlobo ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo kubandakanya uKcee, uSnazzy the Optimist, I-Oxlade kunye neqela elidumileyo laseMelika le-pop rock I-OneRepublic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Esomnofu|first=Emmanuel|date=2023-06-16|title=Exploring &quot;Ojapiano&quot; &amp; The Evolution of Nigeria's Most Spiritual Flute|url=https://thenativemag.com/ojapiano-spiritual-flute/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219015553/https://thenativemag.com/ojapiano-spiritual-flute/|archive-date=19 December 2023|accessdate=2023-12-19|website=The NATIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=2024-03-25|title=Snazzy the Optimist Introduces Fresh Sound with New Tune 'Asa'|language=en-US|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/snazzy-the-optimist-introduces-fresh-sound-with-new-tune-asa/|url-status=live|access-date=2024-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331032809/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/snazzy-the-optimist-introduces-fresh-sound-with-new-tune-asa/|archive-date=31 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omenye|first=Alex|date=2023-11-03|title=Kcee And Oxlade Anchor on Hope In &quot;I Pray&quot;|url=https://culturecustodian.com/kcee-and-oxlade-anchors-on-hope-in-i-pray/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405231626/https://culturecustodian.com/kcee-and-oxlade-anchors-on-hope-in-i-pray/|archive-date=5 April 2024|accessdate=2024-04-05|website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 February 2024|title=Kcee to feature One Republic on Ojapiano remix|url=https://notjustok.com/news/kcee-to-feature-one-republic-on-ojapiano-remix/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405230226/https://notjustok.com/news/kcee-to-feature-one-republic-on-ojapiano-remix/|archive-date=5 April 2024|accessdate=2024-04-05|website=NotjustOk|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IPopiano ===

=== Ipiyano yesikolo sangasese ===
Ipiyano yesikolo sangasese ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-amapiano enomoya iyabonakala ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kwee-i-shaker, izandi eziphantsi ze-log drum kunye neenkqubo ze-chord eziqhubekayo. Ipiyano yesikolo sangasese ibalwa ikakhulu nguKelvin Momo. Olu hlobo luhlala lubandakanya izixhobo eziphilayo, kubandakanya ikatala, isaksonkci, iyolini kunye neetromphethi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-11-24|title=Meet the instrumentalists of amapiano|url=https://pan-african-music.com/en/instrumentalists-of-amapiano/|accessdate=2024-08-14|website=PAM - Pan African Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsindo Wekhwalithi ===
Isandi seQuantum luhlobo oluxhaphake ngokuhlela kwakhona, olusekelwe kwaye luphenjelelwe yi-gqom, ngakumbi isitayela sokukhaba iteksi. Olu hlobo lubangelwa ngabavelisi beerekhodi ezininzi kubandakanya iRealShaunMusiq, Sizwe Nineteen kunye neNandipha808 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amapiano's Second Wave: How kwaito opened the door for amapiano's evolutions|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/amapiano-second-wave-south-africa-apartheid-kwaito-evolution-series|accessdate=2024-08-14|website=Mixmag}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuthandwa ==
Ngowe-2019, lo mbandela wafumana ukuthandwa okwandayo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, kunye nokwanda okuphawulekayo kweentambo zedijithali kunye nempumelelo kwitshati kumazwe akude kwimvelaphi yawo eMzantsi Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Machaieie|first=Mario|date=2019-10-21|title=2019 The Year Of The Yanos, How Amapiano Blow up|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/2019-the-year-of-the-yanos-how-amapiano-blow-up/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029125808/https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/2019-the-year-of-the-yanos-how-amapiano-blow-up/|archive-date=29 October 2019|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=Online Youth Magazine {{!}} Zkhiphani.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=behappy|date=2024-01-02|title=Best Amapiano Songs Of 2024 January|url=https://afrohits.net/best-amapiano-songs-of-2024-january/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223154244/https://afrohits.net/best-amapiano-songs-of-2024-january/|archive-date=23 February 2024|accessdate=2024-06-27|website=AFROHITS MAGAZINE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngowe-2021, kwaqaliswa umsitho wokunikezela amabhaso owawunikezelwe kolu hlobo lomculo, iSouth Africa Amapiano Music Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Langa|first=Phumlani S.|title=Mzansi's first amapiano awards have social media abuzz|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/mzansis-first-amapiano-awards-have-social-media-abuzz-20210724|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221183545/https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/mzansis-first-amapiano-awards-have-social-media-abuzz-20210724|archive-date=21 February 2023|accessdate=2023-02-21|website=City Press|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngowe-2022, ivenkile yomculo yaseMelika ekwi-intanethi I-Beatport yaquka oluhlobo lomculo kwiqonga layo kunye neetshathi zayo ezizodwa kunye noluhlu lokudlala. 

Olu hlobo lwaluthandwa ngabantu abaselula kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo, apho kwakupakishwa khona iividiyo ezisebenzisa umculo we-amapiano, nto leyo eyavuselela umdaniso eMzantsi Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-19|title=The evolution of amapiano|url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2022-09-19-the-evolution-of-amapiano/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807134935/https://mg.co.za/friday/2022-09-19-the-evolution-of-amapiano/|archive-date=7 August 2023|accessdate=2023-08-07|website=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kweye Nkanga kunyaka wama 2023, ingoma ye-afrobeats kunye ne-amapiano fusion &quot;Water&quot; ng[[Tyla|UTyla]] yafumana ukubonakala kwamazwe ngamazwe emva komceli mngeni womdaniso we-bacardi house osasazeka kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aradi|first=Gloria|date=2023-10-10|title=South Africa's Tyla makes historic Billboard Hot 100 debut with Water|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67064396|url-status=live|access-date=2024-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010222338/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67064396|archive-date=10 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaba yingoma yokuqala ye-solita yaseMzantsi Afrika ukungena kwI-US Billboard Hot 100 kwiminyaka engama-55,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aradi|first=Gloria|date=10 October 2023|title=South Africa's Tyla makes historic Billboard Hot 100 debut with Water|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67064396|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010222338/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67064396|archive-date=10 October 2023|accessdate=12 October 2023|website=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye yaba yimpumelelo ephezulu ye-10 e-United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Netherlands, Sweden nase New Zealand, apho yafikelela kwinombolo yokuqala.

== Abaculi bamazwe ngamazwe ==
iqela lamantombazana laseMzantsi Korea I-Le Sserafim lafumana inkuthazo kwi-amapiano kwicandelo labo elithi &quot;Smart&quot; kwi-EP yabo yesithathu, Easy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Delgado|first=Sara|date=2024-02-22|title=LE SSERAFIM Talk New Mini-Album &quot;Easy&quot; &amp; Coachella 2024 Plans|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/le-sserafim-easy-interview|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228031209/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/le-sserafim-easy-interview|archive-date=28 February 2024|accessdate=2024-02-28|website=Teen Vogue|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculi waseTshayina uVinida Weng udibanise i-amapiano kunye ne-rap yaseFujian kwingoma yakhe ethi &quot;Waiya!&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Olander|first=Eric|date=2024-02-20|title=Fujianese Rap With a South African House Beat Combine in Vinida Weng's New Song WAIYA!|url=https://chinaglobalsouth.com/2024/02/20/fujianese-rap-with-a-south-african-house-beat-combine-in-vinida-wengs-new-song-waiya/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802064317/https://chinaglobalsouth.com/2024/02/20/fujianese-rap-with-a-south-african-house-beat-combine-in-vinida-wengs-new-song-waiya/|archive-date=2 August 2024|accessdate=2024-08-02|website=The China-Global South Project|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculi waseYiputa u-I-TUL8TE wenza icwecwe eliphefumlelwe yi-amapiano elinesihloko esithi &quot;Enty Crazy&quot; kwi-albhamu yakhe ethi Narein. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Rolling Stone MENA|date=2025-07-31|title=TUL8TE Continues His Run Of Summer Vibes And Catchy Pop—With A Twist|url=https://mena.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/tul8te-continues-his-run-of-summer-vibes-and-catchy-pop-with-a-twist/|accessdate=2025-08-03|website=Rolling Stone MENA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Model|first=Y2mate Owner|date=2025-12-25|title=Youtube Downloader|url=https://v4.www-y2mate.blog/en7/|accessdate=2025-08-03|website=Best Y2Mate Downloader for Amapiano|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jonga kwakhona ==

== Imithombo ==

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      <text bytes="2132" sha1="l9i84fz1e9c5r8kmewr02x0kkj4avdy" xml:space="preserve">IBhunga loMzantsi Afrika labafundisi-ntsapho (South African Council for Educators - SACE) liqumrha lobungcali elijongene nobungcali bokufundisa. I-SACE yasekwa ngonyaka we-1995 ngokwemiqathango yomthetho we-SACE ongumombolo 31 ka-2000, ngenjongo &quot;yokuphakamisa isidima sobungcali bokufundisa ngokubhaliswa ngendlela efanelekileyo, ulawulo lophuhliso lobungcali, kunye nokufundiswa  nokusetyenziswa komgaqo wokuziphatha kubo bonke ootitshala.&quot;

== Imisebenzi ==
Ngokuhambelana neenjongo ezichazwe kumthetho ongu 31 ka-2000, ibhunga loMzantsi Afrika labaFundisi (SACE) linemisebenzi emithathu ephambili: 

'''Ukugcina ubhaliso lootitshala eMzantsi Afrika'''

I-SACE inoxanduva lokubhalisa bonke otitshala abafanelekileyo eMzantsi Afrika. Olu bhaliso luqinisekisa ukuba ootitshala bayahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yobungcali kwaye bakulungele ukusebenza njengootitshala kweli lizwe.

'''Imigaqo yokuziphatha nobungcali'''

I-SACE ikwanoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba ootitshala bayayithobela imigaqo yokuziphatha. Ikomiti yenza kwaye iphumeze umgaqo wokuziphatha ngokobungcali kootitshala. Loo migaqo ibeka imisebenzi kunye nemigangatho yokuziphatha okulindeleke kootitshala, iphakamisa ubungcali kunye nokunyaniseka emsebenzini wokufundisa.

'''Iintlanganiso zokuziphatha'''

Ibhunga likwanegunya lokuphanda nokuqhuba iindibano zoluleko kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukuziphatha gwenxa kobungcali ngootitshala. Ezi meko zinokuquka izityholo zokungakhathali emsebenzini, ukuphatha kakubi okanye ukuxhaphaza abanye, okanye nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha echasene ne khowudi yeenkqobo ezisesikweni zobungcali.

== Imfuneko esemthethweni ==
Ibhunga lineepaneli ezahlukeneyo eziphanda amatyala anxulumene nokufaneleka kukatitshala ukufundisa, ngokuhambelana nekhowudi yeenqobo ezisesikweni zobungcali, kwakunye nobhaliso lootitshala ngabanye. Kule nkqubo, kuqhutywa novavanyo lwembali yomntu, ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwakhe ukusebenza njengo titshala.

Ukubhaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-SACE yootitshala kuyimfuneko esemthethweni kwizikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika (ootitshala bezikolo zikarhulumente/zabucala). 
[[Uluhlu:Imfundo eMzantsi Afrika]]</text>
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Umqulu weCinnamon (okwabizwa ngokuba yi-sinamon bun, i-sinamon swirl, i-scroll ye-sinamon, i-cinamon Danish kunye ne-sinamon snail) ngumqulu omnandi oqhele ukusetyenziswa eMntla Yurophu nakuMntla Melika. Iiresiphi ezongezelelweyo zisebenzisa i-puff pastry endaweni ye-ginger, kodwa zenziwe ngokusebenzisa indlela efanayo.

== Inkcazo ==
[[File:Cinnamon_mixture_spread_on_dough,_May_2009.jpg|thumb| Umxube wesinamoni usasazwa kwintlama ngaphambi kokuba uqengqeleke]]
I-Cinnamon roll yenziwe ngentlama yesonka enencasa ephakanyiswe ligwele okanye i-Viennoiserie, esongiweyo. Ngaphezulu kwayo kufakwa umxube wesinamon neswekile, apho kwezinye iindlela kusetyenziswa neswekile emdaka, irayisins ezomileyo okanye ezinye izithako. Phambi kokuba lo mxube ubekwe, intlama iqatywa ibhotolo encinci. Emva koko intlama iyasongwa, isikwe ibe ngamaqhekeza ngamanye, ize idla ngokubhakwa. Nangona kukhona enye intlobo eqhotsiweyo emafutheni amanintsi ebizwa ngokuba yi-cinnamon roll okanye yi-cinnamon bun doughnut.
[[File:Cinnamonrollcutting.JPG|thumb| Isonka sentlama yesinamoni eluhlaza esinqunyulwa sibe yimiqulu nganye ngaphambi kokuba ibhakwe]]
[[File:Uncooked_cinnamon_roll_buns,_March_2010.jpg|thumb| Iiroli zesinamoni ezingaphekwanga]]

== Imvelaphi ==
Abathengisi beziqholo base-Arabhu bazisa iziqholo zesinamoni zaseSri Lanka eYurophu. Imvelaphi yee-cinnamon rolls ayaziwa, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ivela eByzantium. 

Iiresiphi ezindala ezirekhodiweyo ze-cinnamon rolls zivela eGermany ngenkulungwane ye-16. I-cinnamon roll yasasazeka ukusuka eGermany ukuya kumazwe aseScandanavia . Yaziswa eNorway ngabarhwebi baseHanseatic besebenzisa isixeko saseBergen esiselunxwemeni, apho yaziwa ngokuba yi-skillingsbolle, okuthetha ukuba (iqebengwane le-shilling). I-kanelbulle yanamhlanje yase Sweden, okuthetha ukuthi &quot;iqebengwane le cinnamon&quot;, yaqala emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Emva koko, icinnamon rolls zasasazeka zaya eUnited States kunye nabafuduki base Germany.

== Ubungakanani ==
Ubungakanani be-cinnamon roll buyahluka ngokweendawo ngeendawo. Nangona kunjalo, abathengisi abaninzi bathengisa ubungakanani obuncinci obumalunga neesentimitha ezi-5 (ii-intshi ezi-2.0) ububanzi, kunye nobukhulu obumalunga neesentimitha ezili-10 (ii-intshi ezi-3.9) kwicala ngalinye. Olunye lweentlobo ezinkulu lufumaneka eFinland, apho lubizwa ngokuba yi-korvapuusti, okuthetha ngokoqobo “indlebe etsalwayo” kwaye kusetyenziswa njengentetho ethetha ukutsala indlebe yomntu ngenjongo yokumqeqesha. Le cinnamon roll inokuba nobubanzi obufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-20 (ii-intshi ezi-7.9) kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwi-200 g (ii-ounces ezi-7.1).

IHaga, isithili saseGothenburg, eubanzi  okanye ngaphezulu kwaye, nangona zinobukhulu obufanayo, azithathwa njengoluhlu oludibeneyo. Ezi cinnamon rolls zibizwa ngokuba zii-hagabullar okanye “uKumkanikazi weKhitshi”. Ii-hagabullar zihlala zinobubanzi obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 (ii-intshi ezili-12) okanye nangaphezulu. Nangona zinkulu kangaka, azithathwa njenge-cinnamon roll ekufuneka kwabelwane ngayo ngabantu abaninzi.

== Iinguqu zesizwe ==

=== iYurophu ===
EDenmark, i-cinnamon roll yaziwa ngokuba yi-kanelsnegl. ESweden ibizwa ngokuba yi-kanelbulle, ngelixa eNorway isaziwa ngokuba yi-kanelbolle, skillingsbolle, kanelsnurr, okanye kanel i svingene. EFinland, kukho uhlobo lwe-cinnamon roll olubizwa ngokuba yi-korvapuusti. Olu hlobo luthandwa nge-cardamom kwaye ludla ngokuhonjiswa ngeswekile ekrwada emincinci, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pearl sugar. E-Iceland, i-cinnamon roll ibizwa ngokuba yi-kanilsnúður, logama e-Estonia ibizwa ngokuba yi-kaneelirull.E-Austria naseJamani, ibizwa ngokuba yi-Zimtschnecke. ESlovakia naseCzech Republic, ibizwa ngokuba yi-škoricové slimáky/skořicoví šneci, okuthetha ukuthi “iminenke yesinamon”. 

Ukususela ngo-1999, u-Oktobha 4 uye wonyuselwa njengosuku lweCinnamon Roll (''I-Kanelbullens dag''), usuku lwesigqeba sesizwe, olwamkelwa yinxalenye enkulu yabemi baseSweden. Intlama ye-kanelbulle yaseSweden idla ngokuba ne-cardamom (enokuba ngumgubo okanye iinkozo zayo), nto leyo eyinika incasa nevumba elahlukileyo.

I-Butterkaka yaseSweden kunye ne-bostonkakku yaseFinland (“ikhekhe laseBoston”) ziikhekhe ezenziwa ngokubhaka ii-cinnamon rolls kwipani yekhekhe engqukuva endaweni yokuba zibhakwe zahlukene. Ngale ndlela, ii-cinnamon rolls ziyadibana zize zenze ikhekhe elikhulu elingqukuva.

EAustria nase Germany, zifumaneka kakhulu kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwiivenkile zokubhaka. Uhlobo lwaseGermany, olufana nendlela yaseScandinavia, luvela eHamburg nakwiindawo eziyingqongileyo, lubizwa ngokuba yi-Franzbrötchen, kwaye yinto ebhakiweyo egcwele isinamon, ephefumlelwe yi-croissant yaseFransi, nangona yona ingenasinamon.

E-United Kingdom,  amagama athi cinnamon bun, cinnamon roll kunye ne-cinnamon swirl wonke asetyenziswa, kwaye afumaneka ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso enkulu kunye neevenkile zokubhaka. 

=== Amazwe aseMelika ===
Ii-cinnamon rolls zaseMelika zihlala zinkulu, zibhakwa kwipani, zize zigqunywe nge-icing yetshizi yekhrimu (edla ngokwenziwa ngeswekile ye-confectioners). Ngamanye amaxesha ziyafakwa emafutheni, zigqitywe nge-glaze, zize ziphakwe njengohlobo lwedonathi ephakanyiswe ligwele. Kwezinye iindawo, ngakumbi kuMbindi-ntshona waseMelika, ii-cinnamon rolls zidla ngokuphakwa kunye ne-chili. Le ndibaniselwano kuthiwa yaqala kwizidlo zasemini ezikolweni kwezo ndawo. Ezinye iiresiphi zikwaquka amaqhekeza ebhekoni.

ECanada, zibizwa ngokuba zii-cinnamon rolls okanye cinnamon buns. Zikwagqunywa nge-icing yetshizi okanye nge-glaze.  

=== iAsia ===
Kwiinkcubeko zaseAsia, icinnamon rolls zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yokwenza isonka esinegwele ebizwa ngokuba yi-tzanghong. Le ndlela inxulunyaniswa nesonka esinobisi saseJapan kuba isinika ukuthamba kunye nokwakheka okuthambileyo. Xa umgubo ufudunyezwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kuma-65°C okanye kuma-149°F, isitashi esikumgubo siqala ukuguquka sibe yijeli (pre-gelatinization), nto leyo eyenza umgubo ujiye ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. I-tangzhong inceda isitashi sigcine ukufuma ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza isonka okanye ii-cinnamon rolls zihlale ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba zonakale.

== Iinkcubeko zeCinnamon Roll ==
ESweden naseFinland, ii-cinnamon rolls ngokwesithethe zonwatyelwa ngexesha lokudibana kwabantu, apho kuselwa ikofu kunye okanye kutyiwa iimpahla ezibhakiweyo. ESweden, le ndibano yaziwa ngokuba yi-fika, edla ngokuqhutywa emva kwemini ngabantu abasebenza kunye ngexesha lekhefu, ngabahlobo okanye lusapho. USuku lwesizwe lwe-Cinnamon Roll (Kanelbullens dag) lubhiyozelwa nge-4 ku-Okthobha eSweden naseFinland.

EDenmark, iicinnamon buns zithandwa kakhulu ngeentsuku zangoLwesithathu, apho kuthengiswa uhlobo olukhulu olwaziwa ngokuba yi-&quot;Wednesday snail&quot;. Eli siko laqanjwa ngexesha lange-1900 apho iqela lebhola lalidla ngokudla imidlalo yalo ngoLwezithathu.

Kunye ne-Topfengolatsche, i-Buttercroissant kunye ne-Faschingskrapfen, ii-cinnamon rolls zizinto ezibhakiweyo eziqhelekileyo ezityiwa kunye nekofu yasemva kwemini e-Austria naseJamani. Esi siko saziwa ngokuba yi-“Kaffee und Kuchen”, okuthetha ukuthi “ikofu nekeyiki.”

EMantla Melika, ii-cinnamon rolls zidla ngokutyiwa kwisidlo sakusasa okanye kwi-dessert. Xa zityiwa kwisidlo sakusasa eMelika, zingaphakelwa ne icing yetshizi yecrimu.

I-Cinnamon zithandwa kakhulu ngexesha leKrismesi eSlovakia naseCzech Republic. Ziyinxalenye ye-repertoire ye-Krismesi yokubhaka eqhelekileyo kwizindlu ezininzi, kunye nezinye izipho zeholide ezifana ne-vanilla crescents (vanilkové rožteky) kunye ne-linzer cookies.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot; caption=&quot;Baking process&quot;&gt;
File:Cinnamon_rolls_shaped_and_ready_to_proof.jpg|alt=7 raw cinnamon rolls in a round pan, with some space between them to allow for expansion|ICinnamon ezingakabhakwa
File:Cinnamon_rolls_ready_to_bake.jpg|alt=The rolls look puffier and have expanded to fill most of the space|Ezilungele ubhakwa
File:Cinnamon_rolls_partially_baked_in_a_solar_oven.jpg|alt=The rolls have expanded even more, to fill the entire pan from edge to edge with no gaps.  The dough looks dry but is pale and soft|Azibhakisiswanga kakuhle
File:Cinnamon_rolls_fully_baked.jpg|alt=The rolls are dry and golden brown.|Zibhakiwe
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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'''IMarch and March,''' eyasekwa kweyoKwindla kunyaka ka-2024 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Luke|first=Amahle|last2=Phasha|first2=Koketso|last3=Mlambo|first3=Sihle|last4=Majadibodu|first4=Simon|date=26 July 2025|title=Is this the new South Africa? March and March NGO demands IDs at KZN public hospitals|url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2025-07-26-is-this-the-new-south-africa-march-and-march-ngo-demands-ids-at-kzn-public-hospitals/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/jwbdj|archive-date=5 July 2026|accessdate=5 July 2026|website=IOL}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngumbutho woluntu waseMzantsi Afrika ojolise kwimiba enxulumene nokufudukela kweli ngokungekho mthethweni &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About our movement|url=https://marchandmarch.org.za/about|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=marchandmarch.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Pilane&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pilane|first=Reitumetse|date=2026-06-23|title=Police watch as anti-foreigner marchers vandalise businesses, join inspections|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-06-23-police-look-on-as-anti-foreigner-marchers-vandalise-businesses-join-inspections/|accessdate=2026-06-26|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Farmer|first=Ben|date=21 June 2026|title=Thousands of migrants flee South Africa ahead of anti-foreigner ultimatum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/thousands-flee-south-africa-ahead-anti-foreigner-ultimatum/|website=[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mbutho unxulunyaniswa nekhwelo [[I-Operation Dudula|le-Operation Dudula]] kunye ne -Patriotic Alliance lokugxotha abafuduki abangekho mthethweni nabangenazo iimpepha mvume, kusetyenziswa isiqubulo esithi ''Abahambe'' (Mabahambe) ngexesha lemiboniso. Ngonya ka-2026, imiboniso noqhanqalazo lwabo lwasasazeka kwilizwe lonke, yaye luye lwanxulunyaniswa nezenzo ezininzi ezichazwa njenge xenophobic, kwakunye nezenzo zobundlobongela ezijoliswe kubantu bamanye amazwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pilane&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Farmer|first=Ben|date=21 June 2026|title=Thousands of migrants flee South Africa ahead of anti-foreigner ultimatum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/thousands-flee-south-africa-ahead-anti-foreigner-ultimatum/|website=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cooks|first=Tim|date=26 June 2026|title=What is behind South Africa's anti-immigrant protests?|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/what-is-behind-south-africas-anti-immigrant-protests-2026-06-26/|accessdate=26 June 2026|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMarch and March yaqala ukubonakala kakhulu kumajelo eendaba aseMzantsi Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ngo-2025, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title='It's organised intimidation': New wave of anti-migrant violence sweeps South Africa|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20260511-organised-intimidation-new-wave-anti-migrant-violence-south-africa|accessdate=2026-05-20|website=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  xa amalungu ayo azimisa kwiindawo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo zoluntu [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Luke|first=Amahle|last2=Phasha|first2=Koketso|last3=Mlambo|first3=Sihle|last4=Majadibodu|first4=Simon|date=2025-04-09|title=Is this the new South Africa? March and March NGO demands IDs at KZN public hospitals|url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2025-07-26-is-this-the-new-south-africa-march-and-march-ngo-demands-ids-at-kzn-public-hospitals/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=IOL|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mbutho wawubeka amavolontiya ngaphandle kweekliniki nezibhedlele zikarhulumente, egxininisa ekulawuleni nasekuhloleni abantu abafuna ukungena kwezi ndawo. Oku kwenzeka, phakathi kwezinye iindawo, eAddington Hospital, eR. K Khan Hospital nakwezinye izibonelelo zempilo zoluntu.

Amavolontiya ayefuna ukuba abantu babonise isazisi (ID) ukuze bavunyelwe ukungena kwezi zibonelelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Yoganathan|first=Venilla|date=2025-07-30|title=Anti-foreigner group ups ante at healthcare facilities|url=https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/anti-foreigner-group-ups-ante-at-healthcare-facilities/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=Juta MedicalBrief|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, iinkokeli zalo mbutho zabhengeza ukuphela kwephulo labo lokulawula nokuhlola ukungena kwabantu kwiikliniki nakwizibhedlele zikarhulumente. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sithole|first=Wendy|date=2026-01-07|title=March-And-March to cease hospitals, clinics blockades|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/berea-mail/news-headlines/2026/01/07/march-and-march-to-cease-hospitals-clinics-blockades/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=Berea Mail|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emva koko, baququzelela uqhanqalazo oluninzi oluchasene nokufudukela kweli ngokungekho mthethweni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe. Olu qhanqalazo lwaba yinxalenye yentshukumo yango-2026 echasene nabafudiki abangekho semthethweni eMzantsi Afrika, yaye lwahamba kunye nokubekwa komhla wokugqibela wama-30 kweyeSilimela. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=O'Regan|first=Victoria|date=2026-06-25|title=Xenophobic unrest — a crisis co-written by March and March and SA's political class|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-06-25-xenophobic-unrest-a-crisis-co-written-by-march-and-march-and-sas-political-class/|accessdate=2026-06-26|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emva koko ingqwalasela yatshintshela ekubhikisheni ngaphandle kwesikolo samabanga aphantsi saseAddington, [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|iMK]] kunye [[I-Operation Dudula|neOperation Dudula]] besebenzisana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mabaso|first=Nhlanhla|title=KZN Education MEC criticises ongoing protests at Addington Primary School|url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/01/30/kzn-education-mec-criticises-ongoing-protests-at-addington-primary-school|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=EWN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekupheleni kweyoKwindla kunyaka ka-2026, lo mbutho waququzelela uqhanqalazo olwaluchasene nokuthweswa isithsaba kommi waseNigeria owayethweswe isikhundla sokuba ngu-''Igwe Ndigbo'' kwisixeko saseKuGompo, kwiMpuma Koloni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Asanda|first=Nini|title=Protest over Nigerian king turns violent in Eastern Cape|url=https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2026-03-31-protest-over-nigerian-king-turns-violent-in-eastern-cape/|accessdate=2026-06-30|website=Sowetan|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Owayesakuba ngumsasazi kanomathotholo, uNgizwe Mchunu, iinkokeli zemveli, imibutho yoluntu kunye namaqela ezopolitiko, kuquka [[i-ActionSA]], kunye ne- Patriotic Alliance, bazimanya nolu qhanqalazo, begxeka lo msitho besithi awukho semthethweni.Olu qhanqalazo lwaphela sele kukho ubundlobongela, apho iimoto kunye neevenkile zabemi bamanye amazwe zatshiswa ngomlilo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nel|first=Brandon|title=Eastern Cape protests turn violent over Nigerian kings coronation|url=https://capetimes.co.za/news/2026-03-31-eastern-cape-protests-turn-violent-over-nigerian-kings-coronation/|accessdate=2026-06-30|website=Capetimes.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubunkokeli ==
IMarch and March ngumbutho obhaliswe ngokusemthethweni njengombutho ongenzi nzuzo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pindulaadmin|date=May 2026|title=March and March|work=Pindula|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/March_and_March|access-date=5 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye ukhokelwa nguJacinta [[UJacinta Ngobese-Zuma|Ngobese-Zuma]] . UNksz Ngobese-Zuma ngumntu owakha wasebenza kunomathotholo nowafumana amabhaso ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe. Wayesakuba ngumsasazi kunomathotholo kwiVuma FM . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jabulani|first=Langa|title=Presenter starts year on a high note!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/radio-jacinta-ngobese-is-nominated-for-the-ladies-in-media-awards-20240108|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=snl24.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wagxothwa ngaphandle kwezizathu kwisikhululo ngo-2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Presenter takes legal action against Vuma FM over termination of contract|url=https://sundaytribune.co.za/news/2025-08-27-presenter-takes-legal-action-against-vuma-fm-over-termination-of-contract/|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=sunday tribune.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba liqela elikhokelwa ngabemi [[EThekwini|eDurban]], elijongana nokusilela kukarhulumente. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Simelane|first=Bheki C.|date=2026-04-29|title=March and March moves into Gauteng as anti-foreigner sentiment swells ahead of elections|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-04-29-march-and-march-moves-into-gauteng-as-anti-foreigner-sentiment-swells-ahead-of-elections/|accessdate=2026-05-20|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Njengoko umbutho ukhula, eli qela laqala ukugxila kubafuduki abangekho mthethweni kunye negalelo labo kwimingeni ekhoyo eMzantsi Afrika. Abagxeki kunye nabanye abahlalutyi baphikisana ngelithi umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wolawulo lwemida, ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Gumede {{!}} AP|first=Mogomotsi Magome and Michelle|date=2026-04-29|title=Hundreds march in Johannesburg against illegal migration as shops shut over looting fears.|language=en-US|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/04/29/south-africa-illegal-immigration-march-protests/c4250f8a-43cd-11f1-b19d-32431046b5b4_story.html|access-date=2026-05-20|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lo mbutho unamasebe kumaphondo aliqela, yaye ngoTshazimpuzi nangoCanzibe ka-2026, iMarch and March yaququzelela uqhanqalazo oluchasene nabafudiki abangenamaxwebhu asemthethweni [[E-Pitoli|ePitoli]], [[eGoli]] naseThekwini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mabona|first=Warren|date=28 April 2026|title=Pretoria disrupted by anti-immigrant march|language=en|work=[[GroundUp (news agency)|GroundUp]]|url=https://groundup.org.za/article/pretoria-disrupted-by-anti-immigrant-march/|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260507144200/https://groundup.org.za/article/pretoria-disrupted-by-anti-immigrant-march/|archive-date=7 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sebata|first=Silindelo|date=29 April 2026|title=March and March turns focus to Johannesburg|language=en|work=[[ENCA]]|url=https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories-videos/march-and-march-turns-focus-johannesburg|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043921/https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories-videos/march-and-march-turns-focus-johannesburg|archive-date=20 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Buthelezi|first=Siphesihle|date=21 April 2026|title=March and March Durban CBD clean-up campaigns: Concern over business disruptions|language=en|work=Independent Online|url=https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-04-21-march-and-march-durban-cbd-clean-up-campaigns-concern-over-business-disruptions/|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043918/https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-04-21-march-and-march-durban-cbd-clean-up-campaigns-concern-over-business-disruptions/|archive-date=20 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iingxelo zithi ngeli xesha, ubuncinane amadoda amabini aseNigeria abulawa kwiziganeko ezahlukileyo eRhawutini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Onje|first=Ojochenemi|date=28 April 2026|title=Two Nigerians killed in fresh xenophobic attacks in South Africa|language=en|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|location=Lagos, Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/two-nigerians-killed-in-fresh-xenophobic-attacks-in-south-africa/|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043918/https://businessday.ng/news/article/two-nigerians-killed-in-fresh-xenophobic-attacks-in-south-africa/|archive-date=20 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Omnye umlweli woluntu kunye nenkokeli ye ''-Insizwa Nobuntu Development Foundation'', [[Nkosikhona Ndabandaba|uNkosikhona Ndabandaba]], owaziwa ngokuba ''yiPhakel'umthakathi'', naye othathe inxaxheba waza wakhokela kuqhanqalazo olwalulungelelaniswe yiMarch and March, wathi, “Asikhuthazi naluphi na uhlobo lobundlobongela olujoliswe kubazalwana noodade bethu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Eyona nto siyifunayo kukuba bangene kwilizwe lethu ngendlela esemthethweni, yaye akufuneki bathengisele okanye banike abantwana bethu iziyobisi okanye benze naluphi na uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho..” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hope|first=Ntanzi|title=KZN police, March and March pledge peaceful protests on June 30|url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/2026-06-26-civil-society-leaders-in-kwazulu-natal-advocate-for-peaceful-protests-ahead-of-june-30-deadline/|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=iol.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lo mbutho uthi awuthathi cala kwezopolitiko kodwa nangona kunjalo, unxulunyaniswe neqela lezopolitiko [[Iqela loMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto eSizwe]] (MK). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Umhla wokugqibela we-30 kweyeSilimela noqhanqalazo ===
Ilungu leMarch and March kunye nenkokeliye ''-Insifo noluntu'' [[Nkosikhona Ndabandaba]],wakhupha umhla wokugqibela wokuba bonke abafuduki abangekho semthethweni eMzantsi Afrika bashiye ilizwe. Umhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela ku-2026 wakhutshwa okokuqala ngomhla we-7 kuDisemba 2025, njengesaziso seenyanga ezintandathu esasijoliswe ekubanikezeni ixesha lokulungiselela ukuhamba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Buthelezi|first=Siphesihle|title=Anti-illegal immigration group reassures public ahead of June 30 deadline|url=https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-05-28-anti-illegal-immigration-group-reassures-public-ahead-of-june-30-deadline/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mhla wokugqibela wabangela uloyiko noxinzelelo phakathi koluntu lweembacu kunye namaqela oluntu. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amawaka abantu baseMalawi aqalisa ukuqokelelana eSherwood Park, [[EThekwini|eDurban]] ngenxa yoloyiko lokuhlaselwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nxumalo|first=Sakhiseni|title=Thousands of foreign nationals seek refuge at Durban park as June 30 deadline looms|url=https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/thousands-of-foreign-nationals-seek-refuge-at-durban-park-as-june-30-deadline-looms-20260612-0836|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=news24}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Comins|first=Lyse|title=SA xenophobia: Births, rising fury and the state's deportation crackdown|url=https://mg.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-16-sa-xenophobia-births-rising-fury-and-the-state-s-deportation-crackdown/#google_vignette|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=mg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abafudiki [[IZimbabwe|baseZimbabwe]] abangenamaxwebhu asemthethweni nabo baqalisa ukuya ngobuninzi kwiZimbabwean Consulate eKapa (Cape Town), benethemba lokushiya uMzantsi Afrika ngaphambi komhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwean nationals flock to Cape Town Consulate|url=https://www.enca.com/news/zimbabwean-nationals-flock-cape-town-consulate|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=enca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni ngomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela kwasasaza uloyiko namarhe kulo lonke ilizwe. [[Urhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika]] waphendula ngokubhengeza ukuba uza kuchitha imali engange-R600 yezigidi (iidola zaseMelika ezizizigidi ezingama-36.4) ngenjongo yokukhusela abantu nokunciphisa umngcipheko wobundlobongela obunokwenzeka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Massango|first=Alberto|title=South African Government announces R600-million plan to address xenophobic unrest|url=https://aimnews.org/2026/06/28/south-african-government-announces-r600-million-plan-to-address-xenophobic-unrest/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=aimnews}}&lt;/ref&gt; UMphathiswa wezobuPolisa oBambeleyo uFiroz Cachalia utyhile ukuba i-R600 yezigidi zeerandi ithunyelwe kwenye indawo kwiNkonzo yamaPolisa aseMzantsi Afrika (SAPS) ukuqinisekisa ukulungela ukusebenza ngaphambi kwemiboniso ecwangcisiweyo yesizwe ngomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nel|first=Brandon|title=Police pour R600m into June 30 security plan|url=https://iol.co.za/news/2026-06-23-police-pour-r600m-into-june-30-security-plan/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela, ngaphezu kwemibutho yoluntu engama-20, yathatha inxaxheba kuuqhanqalazo olwalulungiselelwe kuwo onke [[Uluhlu lweendawo eMzantsi Afrika|amaphondo aseMzantsi Afrika]] . Ngokutsho ''kweMail and Guardian'' &quot;uqhanqalazo lwalulukhulu becala lunoxolo, yaye abaqhanqalazi babekhatshwa ngamapolisa imini yonke.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=M&amp;G Reporters|title=30 June demonstrations conclude relatively peacefully|url=https://mg.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-30-june-demonstrations-conclude-relatively-peacefully/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=mg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izihlwele ezikhulu zabaqhanqalazi zabonwa kwizixeko ezifana[[EGoli|neRhawuti]], iDurban, [[EMonti|iKuGompo]], [[EBloemfontein|iBloemfontein]], [[E-Pitoli|iPitoli]] kunye [[IKapa|neKapa]]. Kwelinye icala, izihlwele ezincinci zabonwa kwiidolophu ezifana  neHermanu 's, [[IBhayi|iGqeberha]], iKroonstad, iZeerust, iTzaneen, iThohoyandou kunye [[IKhimbali|neKimberley]]. Kwezinye zezi ndawo kwabakho iziganeko ezizimeleyo zokoyikiswa kwabantu nobundlobongela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=iol Repoters|title=How June 30 unfolded: Peaceful protests, isolated violence and a movement that isn't over|url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-june-30-d-day-comes-and-goes-as-peaceful-protests-mark-anti-immigration-day/|accessdate=1 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; EHillbrow, abantu abathathu baseNigeria babanjwa emva kokuba betyholwa ngokudubula ngakubaqhanqalazi, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba umntwana oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala enzakale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ngcobo, Maseko|first=Khanyisile, Nomsa|title=Thousands of anti-migrant protesters march in South Africa amid heavy police presence|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4eq1l184po|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=bbc}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imingcelele yaphinda yabonwa kwiilokishi ezifana [[Tembisa|neThembisa]], [[Soweto]], [[Thokoza]], Tsakane, EMalahleni naseNquthu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mothoa|first=Seipati|title=Thembisa protesters vow to keep marching until foreign-run shops close|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-thembisa-protesters-vow-to-keep-marching-until-foreign-run-shops-close/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=timeslive}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NovaNews Reporters|title=30 June shutdown: Here's what's happening - Live updates|url=https://novanews.co.za/30-june-shutdown-heres-whats-happening/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=novenews}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuxelwe ukuba inani lilonke loqhanqalazo olwenzeka kwilizwe lonke lalingama-120. Kwezi, ezili-108 zazinoxolo, logama ezili-12 zazineziganeko zobundlobongela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Majadibodu|first=Simon|title=NatJoints: Most of 900 arrested during June 30 protests were illegal foreigners|url=https://iol.co.za/news/crime-and-courts/2026-07-01-natjoints-most-of-900-arrested-during-june-30-protests-were-illegal-foreigners/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intsebenziswano ==
KweyeThupha kunyaka ka-2026 iMarch and March yaseka intsebenziswano ne -AfriForum ngenjongo yokulwa urhwaphilizo nokubamba urhulumente uxanduva ngezenzo zakhe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hip|first=Chante Ho|title=AfriForum, March and March form unlikely alliance on community safety, anti-crime work|url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/20/afriforum-march-and-march-form-unlikely-alliance-on-community-safety-anti-crime-work|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=EWN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le ntsebenziswano iza kugxila nakwimiba efana nokhuseleko loluntu olusezantsi ezilalini nasekuhlaleni, imiba yezomthetho, imfundo, amanyathelo okulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye nokufudukela eMzantsi Afrika ngokungekho semthethweni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=TimesLIVE|first=TimesLIVE|date=2026-08-20|title=POLL {{!}} Is the partnership between March and March and AfriForum positive for civil society?|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-08-20-poll-is-the-partnership-between-march-and-march-and-afriforum-positive-for-civil-society/|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=TimesLIVE|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AfriForum, March and March forge alliance to bypass ‘State failure’|url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/afriforum-march-and-march-forge-alliance-to-bypass-state-failure-2026-08-19|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=www.polity.org.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jonga kwakhona ==

* Uloyiko lwabantu basemzini eMzantsi Afrika

== Imithombo yolwazi ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>UJan Slabbert</title>
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'''UJan Hendrik Slabbert''' (owazalwa nge-28 kaJuni 1933) ngusopolitiki waseMzantsi Afrika osolethathe umhlala-phantsi osebenze kwindlu yowisomthetho yesizwe ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya kutsho ngo-2003. Emva koko wazimanya nendlu yowisomthetho yephondo laKwaZulu-Natal. Ukwangusodolophu wangaphambili waseVryheid, KwaZulu-Natal.

USlabbert wangena kwezopolitiko ngorhulumente wasekhaya eVryheid waza wamela i -Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya ku-2003. ngelixa iqela limthumela kwiNdlu yowisomthetho yephondo laKwaZulu-Natal ngoMatshi 2003, washiya esikhundleni eqhankqalaza waza waseka elakhe iqela elingazange libeyimpumelelo, '''iPeace and Development Party''' (PDP). Kamva ngo-2003, wazibandakanya ne- [[African National Congress]] (ANC) waza wonyulwa kwakhona kwezinye izihlandlo ezibini kwindlu yowisomthetho yephondo emele i-ANC.

== Ubomi nentsebenzo ==
USlabbert wazalwa ngomhla wama-28 kweyeSilimela ngo-1933  eVryheid. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pressly|first=Donwald|date=4 March 2003|title=Musical chairs for IFP MPs|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/musical-chairs-for-ifp-mps-20030304|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wangena kwezopolitiko wahlala iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe kurhulumente wesixeko, kuquka iminyaka emithandathu njengosodolophu wedolophu yakowabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Segar|first=Sue|date=8 April 2003|title=Ex-IFP Slabbert flees home|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ex-ifp-slabbert-flees-home-20030408|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-04-04|title=Defectors swarm to ruling party|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-04-04-defectors-swarm-to-ruling-party/|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokutsho kukaSlabbert, wazibandakanya ne-IFP ngexesha localucalulo ngo-1987. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-04-02|title=SA gets yet another political party|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-04-02-sa-gets-yet-another-political-party/|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== INdlu yoWisomthetho yeSizwe ==
Kunyulo jikelele luka-1994, uSlabbert wonyulwa ukumela i-IFP kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/13429370/south-africa-campaign-and-election-report-april-26-|title=South Africa: Campaign and Election Report April 26–29, 1994|publisher=[[International Republican Institute]]|year=1994|access-date=13 April 2023|via=Yumpu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wonyulwa kwakhona kunyulo jikelele luka-1999 .  Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kukaMatshi ngowama-2003, i-IFP yahlengahlengisa iqela labameli bayo kwindlu yowiso mthetho yaza yayalela uSlabbert ukuba arhoxe kwiPalamente kazwelonke ukuze azibandakanye nedlu yowisomthetho yaKwaZulu-Natal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Segar|first=Susan|date=18 March 2003|title=IFP disloyalty costs R155 000|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/ifp-disloyalty-costs-r155-000-20030318|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Indlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo ==
KuTshazimpunzi ngowama- 2003, uSlabbert wabhengeza ukuba ushiya isikhundla kwi-IFP ukuze aseke iqela elitsha, iPDP. Wathi uyahamba kuba i-IFP imfudusele kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo ngaphandle kokubonisana naye okanye ukunika ingcaciso; wathi uyibone lonto &quot;njengokuhlaziswa esidlangalaleni emva koko ndikholelwa ukuba ngumsebenzi ohloniphekileyo nozinikeleyo kubomi boluntu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; USlabbert waba ngummeli kuphela wePDP, awathi uza kulandela intsebenziswano engenamkhethe ne-IFP kunye notshaba lwayo, i-ANC. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Emva kokurhoxa kwakhe, iNews24 ibike ukuba ufuduke ekhayeni lakhe eVryheid, ikomkhulu le-IFP, emva kokufumana iifowuni ezininzi ezoyikisayo kunye nezisongelo zokufa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ngo-Okthobha ka-2003, uSlabbert wadweliswa kuluhlu lweqela le-ANC kunyulo oluzayo luka-2004, waza wabhengeza ukurhoxa kwakhe kwi-PDP. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-11-21|title=Alliance split over election list|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-11-21-alliance-split-over-election-list/|accessdate=2023-05-14|website=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emi phantsi kwebhanile ye-ANC, waphinda wonyulwa kwisihlalo sakhe kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo ngo-2004  nango- 2009 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 April 2009|title=KwaZulu-Natal MPLs elected April 22|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/kwazulunatal-mpls-elected-april-22|accessdate=2023-02-01|website=Politicsweb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6267" sha1="3q81w2mqwha0twbpm5koessdharnp5p" xml:space="preserve">Ngexesha lobongameli bukaAlfredo Stroessner Mattiauda ngo 1954 ukuya ku 1989 izicwangciso zemfundo zathatha indawo engasemva kwiingxaki zoqoqosho kunye nomsebenzi wokulawula abachasi bezopolitiko, kwaye xa kuthathwa lawomanyathelo imivuzo yotishala yehla kakhulu. Umgaqo siseko ka-1992 wazama ukulungisa izigaba zemfundo ezazilityelwe ixesha elide. Umgaqosiseko uchaza kwinqaku lamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu uchaza ukuba i-20% yebhaso likaRhulumente kufuneka ikhokelwe kwiindleko zemfundo. Nangona kunjalo, eli nyathelo liye langathathelwa ngqalelo lalahlwa. 

Nangona kunjalo, ukuzenzela intando yeningi kuye kwahamba nokuphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwenkqubo yemfundo. Iindleko zemfundo ziye zanda, zafikelela kuma-4.7 ekhulwini kwi-GDP ngowe - 2000, ukusuka kuma-1.7 ekhulwini ngowe - 1989. Uninzi lweemali ezongeziweyo zazisetyenziselwa ukunyusa imivuzo yootitshala nokuhlaziya iikharityhulam. Abafundi bafunwa baye esikolweni ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukusa kweyi-13, yaye uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba iParaguay inepesenti engama-92 yabantu abafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Imfundo karhulumente isimahla kubo bonke, kodwa amazinga okuyeka ayaqhubeka ephezulu.

Kude kube yiminyaka yoo-1990, I-Universidad Nacional de Asunción kunye ne-Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción zisebenzela bonke abemi baseParaguay. Njengenxalenye yeenguqu zemfundo kwiminyaka yee-1990, urhulumente wavula iiyunivesithi ezintsha ezili-10. Ngowe-2003 i-paraguay's national military academy yamkela amabhinqa angama-cadets okokuqala, ivula omnye umnyango kubafazi abafuna imfundo.

I-Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries|url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/|accessdate=2022-03-26|website=humanrightsmeasurement.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ifumanisa ukuba iParaguay izalisekisa kuphela i-70.7% yoko kufanele ukuba izalisekise ilungelo lemfundo ngokusekwe kwinqanaba leengeniso zelizwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paraguay - HRMI Rights Tracker|url=https://rightstracker.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324233849/https://rightstracker.org/|archive-date=2022-03-24|accessdate=2022-03-26|website=rightstracker.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; I-HRMI ichitha ilungelo lemfundo ngokujonga amalungelo emfundo ephambili kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo. Nangona ithathelwa ingqalelo inqanaba leengeniso zaseParaguay, ilizwe lifikelela kwi-73.0% yento ekufuneka yenziwe ngokusekwe kwizixhobo zalo (ingeniso) yemfundo esisiseko kunye ne-68.4% kuphela yemfundo ephakamileyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paraguay - HRMI Rights Tracker|url=https://rightstracker.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324233849/https://rightstracker.org/|archive-date=2022-03-24|accessdate=2022-03-26|website=rightstracker.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
!Inqanaba/Ibakala
!Ubudala obuqhelekileyo
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |I-Pre-school (Educación Inicial) 
|-
|Umama
|3
|-
|I-Pre-Jardín
|3-5
|-
|IJardín
|4-5
|-
|Imfundo yexesha elisezantsi
|5-6
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Isikolo Esisiseko (Educación Primaria) 
|-
|Ibanga 1 (Ibanga lokuqala) 
|6-7
|-
|Ibanga lesibini (Segundo Grado) 
|7–8
|-
|Ibanga lesi-3 (i-Tercer Grado) 
|8–9
|-
|Ibanga 4 (Cuarto Grado) 
|9–10
|-
|Ibanga lesi-5 (Grado yesihlanu) 
|10–11
|-
|Ibanga lesi-6 (iBanga lesi-6) 
|11–12
|-
|Ibanga lesi-7 (Séptimo Grado) 
|12–13
|-
|Ibanga lesi-8 (Octavo Grado) 
|13–14
|-
|Ibanga lesi-9 (iNoveno Grado) 
|14-15
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Isikolo esiphakamileyo (Educación Secundaria) 
|-
|Unyaka wokuqala (Primer Año de la Media) 
|15-16
|-
|Unyaka wesibini (Segundo Año de la Media) 
|16-17
|-
|Unyaka wesithathu (Tercer Año de la Media) 
|17–18
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Imfundo ye-Tertiary-University (Educación Terciaria-Universidad) 
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Imfundo ye-graduate
|- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Imfundo yabantu abadala
|-
|}
Imfundo esemthethweni, yobuchwephesha kunye neyobugcisa eParaguay ikhona ngeenkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zemfundo: &quot;iBachilleratos Técnicos&quot; kunye ne &quot;Formación Profesional Media&quot;. I-Bachilleratos Técnicos ihlala iminyaka emithathu kwaye ikhokelela kwi-Bachiler Técnico enika ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ihlanganisa abafundi abangama-60.000 kwilizwe liphela abahlukaniswe kwii-600 zezikolo eziphakamileyo zobuchwephesha. Abantu abashiye inkqubo yemfundo ngaphambili banokujoyina iinkqubo zoqeqesho lobungcali ezilawulwa liSebe lezeMfundo neNkcubeko, ukuba nje baphumelela ngokwaneleyo kwiimviwo zokungena. Abaphumelele kwezi nkqubo kunye ne &quot;Formacion Profesional Media&quot; kufuneka bapase i-Academic Competency Assessment Test (ACAT) ukuze ekugqibeleni baqhubeke nemfundo ephakamileyo. Ekugqibeleni, abafundi banokujoyina inkqubo &quot;Técnicos Superiores&quot; (imfundo yasemva kwesikolo esiphakamileyo) enikelwa ngamaziko angama-287 (88% ngamaziko abucala) kwaye enika isidanga &quot;seTexnician Advanced&quot; emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemfundo esemthethweni, kukho ikharikhulamu yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala: uqeqesho lobuchwephesha, uqeqesho lokuqala lobuchwepheshe, uqeqeshwa lobuchwephesheni, kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokungena kunye neenkqubo, ezinikezelwa ngamaziko karhulumente nawangasese. I-Ministry of Justice ikwanikezela ngemfundo noqeqesho ngeNkonzo yeSizwe yokuKhuthaza ubuchule (Servicio Nacional de Promoción Profesional de Paraguay). I-&quot;SNPP&quot; inikezela ngezifundo zeprogram yekhompyutha; inkqubo yoqeqesho ekude; inkqubo yokufunda ulutsha; inkqubo yophuhliso lweshishini; kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho lwabaqeqeshi. Abafundi ikakhulu ngabantu abadala abaselula. Ezinye iziko zikarhulumente (uMphathiswa wezoLimo, ezempilo, iChamber of Construction yaseParaguay, iCentre Paraguayan of Productivity and Quality njl.) zenza imisebenzi ngaphandle kweenkqubo zobugcisa nezobugcisa. Imfundo engekho semthethweni nayo ibaluleke kakhulu eParaguay, nangona kunzima ukuyilinganisa.
Ilizwe lase Paraguay kwicandelo lezophando (October 2005){{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College</title>
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        <username>Blueskieees</username>
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      <text bytes="8622" sha1="1hwmjfj16pqxlcchvnsnuek2x5ll162" xml:space="preserve">ISolomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), yayiliziko lemfundo elasekwa yi-African National Congress (ANC) eyayiselubhacweni ngo 1978 eMazimbu, eTanzania. Yayibonelela ngemfundo yamabanga aphantsi naphezulu kubafundi ababebalekele eMzantsi Afrika emva kweSoweto Uprising ngonyaka 1976 okanye ababengabantwana babo babesele beselubhacweni. Yayifundisa izifundo zemfundo nezomsebenzi, ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yemfundo iBantu, eyayifundisa abafundi abamnyama eMzantsi Afrika. Amasimi abonelela ngokutya kweliziko kwaye laliquka nesibhedlele. Yavulwa ngokusesikweni ngu Oliver Tambo ngo 1985.

== Imbali ==
I-ANC yaseka iziko layo lemfundo eMorogoro, eTanzania kumhlaba owanikelwa ngurhulumente waseTanzania ngo 1977, yaqhutywa ngu Anna Abdallah waseTanzania. Umhlaba waseMazimbu wawunezakhiwo ezithile zefama kwiihektare ezingama 600.Esi sikolo sathiywa ngegama likaSolomon Mahlangu, ilungu lephiko lomkhosi le ANC, uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) kunye nowagxothwa ngexesha le Soweto Uprising ngo 1976. Amanye amagama awayephakanyisiwe ekuthiyweni kwesi sikolo yayiyiAlbert Luthuli Institute (ethiywe ngoAlbert Luthuli) kunye neANC Freedom School.

Esi sakhiwo sakhiwa nguOswald Dennis, injineli yeANC eqeqeshwe eMpuma Jamani. Kamva waxhaswa ngumyili wezakhiwo uSpenser Hodgson. Umsebenzi waqala ngeyeKhala ngo 1977, wakhiwa ngabasebenzi baseTanzania phantsi kweliso leANC, ngelixa imfundo yaqala phantsi kwemithi okanye kwizakhiwo zasefama ezazikho. Ekugqibeleni, malunga namashumi asibhozo ekhulwini labasebenzi yayingabantu baseTanzania. Njengoko yayiza kuba sisikolo sabafundi abahlala esikolweni, kwakufuneka indawo yokuhlala; ngoko ke kwakhiwa iiyunithi ezintandathu ezaziza kuhlala abafundi abayi-144, apho kwakuhlala abafundi abasibhozo kwigumbi ngalinye. Indlu yokuhlala yokuqala yagqityezelwa ukuze ihlalwe ngabafundi nootitshala ngasekupheleni konyaka ka 1979. Ngo 1980, umhlaba wawusele ucocwe, izindlu ezazikulo mhlaba zilungisiwe, kukho inkqubo yethutyana yokubonelela ngamanzi neyokulawula amanzi amdaka, kwaye izakhiwo ziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano lombane lwasekuhlaleni. Izicwangciso zexesha elizayo zazifuna iindawo zokulala ezininzi, izindlu, ikhitshi, amagumbi okutyela kunye nethala leencwadi.

Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo sasicetyelwe ukuba sibe sisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sabo babeselubhacweni ngenxa yeSoweto Uprising ngo1976 kunye nabantwana bangaphambi ko 1976, kodwa kungekudala kwasekwa isikolo sabantwana abasaqalayo esikolweni, kwaye ngo1984 sabizwa ngokusesikweni ngokuba yiCharlotte Maxeke Children's Centre. Eli ziko laqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo 1970 njengesikolo sabantwana abancinci , saqala edolophini ngaphambi kokuba sibuyiselwe endlwini eyalungiswa eSOMAFCO ngo 1981 njenge ''crèche'' kunye nesikolo sabantwana abancinci.

Ngo 1985 isikolo samabanga aphantsi samiselwa ngokusesikweni. Ngo 1980, abemi baseNew Zealand uTerry noBarbara Bell bafika eTanzania ukuza kuseka isikolo samabanga aphantsi esasisebenza kwenye yezindlu ezilungisiweyo nangona ukuxinana kwakuthetha ukuba abanye bafanele baye kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi edolophini. Konke

ukufundisa kwakusenziwa ngesiNgesi. AbakwaBell bashiya ngo 1982 emva kokungavisisani ngohlobo lolawulo lwesikolo. UDennis noHazel September bathatha ulawulo lwesikolo samabanga aphantsi kwaye uhlobo lokufundisa lwatshintsha labaloluqhelekileyo, yabalelokulinganisa amanqaku.

Ukutya kweli ziko kwakunikelwa kumhlaba weefama owawuza kubonelela ngobisi, amaqanda, inyama yehagu, inyama yenkomo kunye nombona. Ubungcali bukaHans Jurgen njengomcebisi wezolimo babuzakunikezelwa yi [[:en:Swedish_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency|Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.]] Wayezakuqala ukwakha isicwangciso sefama ukuze enze esi sakhiwo sikwazi ukuzimela ngo 1984 kubahalali abangama 2,500. Ootitshala nabafundi babelindeleke ukuba bachithe ixesha veki nganye besebenza ezifama. Ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo lwalubonelelwa yi Tanzania People's Defence Force.

Ekuqaleni, imiba yezonyango yayisingathwa yikliniki ekwelo ziko, kodwa xa imiba yezopolitiko neyobuqu iqalisa ukuba nempembelelo apho ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo 1980, kunye nokwanda kwesidingo sokubonelela ngonyango oluphucukileyo, i-ANC yagqiba kwelokuba makwakhiwe isibhedlele. Kamva sabizwa ngokuba yi-ANCHolland Solidarity Hospital, savulwa ngomhla woku 1 kuCanzibe ngo 1984. Iqela elimanyeneyo eNetherlands phantsi kukaHenk Odenk lasixhasa ngemali kwaye i-ANC yayinoxanduva lokwakhiwa kwaso.

Ifektri yefenitshala eyayixhaswa yiFinland, yavulwa ngo 1980 kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yiVuyisile Mini Furniture Factory, ebizwa ngegama likaVuyisile Mini, ijoni le MK elabulawayo. Ukongeza ekulungiseni

ifenitshala eyaphukileyo, yabonelela ngeeprojekthi zokwakha iingcango, iifreyimu zeefestile kunye nefenitshala.

== Ukufundisa kunye nekharityhulam ==
Ootitshala baqeshwa kwimithombo emithathu ephambili: phakathi kwamalungu e-ANC aneemfuno zobungcali; phakathi kwamalungu aphumelele ibanga le matriki alo mbutho; kunye nootitshala bamanye amazwe ababexhasa iinjongo ze-ANC.

I-ANC yayifuna ukugxininisa ukufundiswa kwezifundo zenzululwazi ezinzima , ezifana nenzululwazi kunye nebhayoloji, izifundo ezazingafundiswa rhoqo kubafundi abamnyama eMzantsi Afrika phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente we''Bantu Education'' kwaye kwakukho ukunqongophala kootitshala bayo. Ekugqibeleni ootitshala baqeshwa eYurophu - kuquka i-United Kingdom, amazwe aseNordic, iNetherlands kunye ne-GDR - kwaye kamva bavela eNigeria, eZambia naseTanzania.

Abafundi babefundiswa ngesiNgesi kuphela, befumana imfundo yesintu engeyiyo eyeBantu kunye nemfundo yezopolitiko. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo 1980, izifundo zaziquka isiNgesi, izibalo, imbali, ijografi, ikhemistri, i-biology, ifiziksi, inzululwazi yezolimo, ukuchwetheza, inzululwazi edityanisiweyo, umzobo wobugcisa, uphuhliso lwezentlalo, uncwadi, kunye nembali yomzabalazo Ezi zintathu zokugqibela zihlolwe ngaphakathi, ezinye izifundo zihlolwe ngaphandle e-United Kingdom njengeemviwo ze-GCE O level. Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sasineefom ezintandathu okanye amabanga, kwaye iiklasi ziqhutywa ukususela ngoMvulo ukuya kuLwesihlanu, iyunifomu inxitywa nangona inganyanzeliswanga ngokungqongqo.Ukohlwaywa ngokubetha nangona kwakungavumelekanga ngokusesikweni kwakusenziwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye kuxhomekeke kutitshala obandakanyekayo. 

Imfundo ephakamileyo ayizange iqhutywe yikholeji kodwa ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo zemfundo, abafanelekileyo bafumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo kwiiyunivesithi zaseBritane, eYurophu naseMelika; mmazwe obuKomanisi akwanceda, kodwa ikakhulu kwicandelo lezolimo, i-''paramedicine'', kunye nobunjineli, kunye nezinye izakhono zobugcisa.

== UMlawuli Oyintloko / UMlawuli weZikolo ==

* 1982 - 1986 [[:en:Mohammed_Tikly|Mohammed Tikly]]
* 1987 - 1988 Tim Maseko
* 1989 - 1992 Alpheus Mangezi

== Iinqununu zezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo ==

* Oct 1978 Winston Njobe
* 1981 - 1985 Tim Maseko
* 1986 - 1990 Andrew Masondo
* 1990 - 1991 Don Mgakana
* 1991 - 1992 Ray Marutle

== Ootitshala ==

* [[:en:Lionel_Bernstein|Lionel Bernstein]] - titshala
* [[:en:Ruth_First|Ruth First]] - ikharityhulam yembali
* John Pampallis - titshala
* [[:en:Jack_Simons_(academic)|Jack Simons]] - titshala
* [[:en:Lindiwe_Zulu|Lindiwe Zulu]] - alumna
* Peter Knoope - titshala
* Aubrey Matlole - titshala
* Zandisile Pase - titshala
* Mzwandile Kibi - titshala

== Abaxhasi bezemali ==
Ikholeji ifumene inkxaso-mali evela kubanikeli bamanye amazwe. Uninzi lweminikelo yaseScandinavia kwi ANC isetyenziselwe imfundo, apho iNorway neSweden zinikele nge $12 yezigidi ngo 1985 kunye ne $25 yezigidi ngokulandelelana ngo 1988.Uncedo lwaseSweden lubonelelwe yi Swedish International Developmental Cooperation Agency. Eminye iminikelo yomsebenzi yayivela kwi German Democratic Republic, kwi Soviet Union, kwi United Nations Development Programme, kwimibutho yomanyano lwe World Health Organization (WHO), nakubanye abantu.

== Ukuvalwa ==
Xa yayivalwa ngomhla wesi 9 kweyoMsintsi 1992, icandelo lemfundo laliquka isikolo samabanga aphantsi, isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ifama, ifenitshala kunye nezinye iiyunithi zenxaso.  Iziseko ezisele zisele zahlanganiswa ne Soikone University of Agriculture. Ngowe 1991, i ''National Co-ordinating Committee on for the Return of Exiles'' yaseka iBatlagae Trust, eyadibanisa abafundi besikolo kwinkqubo yemfundo yaseMzantsi Afrika xa bebuya kwilizwe ngezibonelelo zemfundo.

Iingxelo zesikolo zigcinwe kwiYunivesithi yaseFort Hare. Amaxwebhu aqala ukufika ngoSeptemba 1992 kwaye agcinwa kwiZiko leZifundo zeNkcubeko ngaphambi kokuba athuthelwe kwiThala leeNcwadi laseHoward Pim ngowe 1995.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>URebecca Malope</title>
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        <username>Leonardobeekay</username>
        <id>16613</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355103182|Rebecca Malope]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Batsogile Lovederia''' &quot;Rebecca&quot; '''Malope''' , wazalwa ngeyeSilimela nge30. Ukwa ngumculi waseMzantsi Afrika.Umama ubizwa ngokuba yiKumkanikazi yeVangelii. Lomsebenzi wokucula uwuqhube iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Uthengise ubuncinane i10 yezigidi ze albham kwihlabathi liphela,  okwenza ukuba abe ngomnye wabantu abathengisa kakhulu kubaculi. Uninzi lwee-albhamu zingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu azikhuphileyo ziye zafikelela kwi-platinum. 

Wayesingatha inkqubo yakhe kamabonakude eyayisasazwa kwizikhululo ezinitsi ethi &quot;It's Gospel Time&quot; , phakathi konyaka ka2004 no2019.Ngo2013 , weyengomnye wabagwebi kwinkqubo iClash of Choirs South Africa

Ngowamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini ananye, umongameli [[UCyril Ramaphosa]]  woMzantsi Afrika wamnika iOrder ye Ikhamanga , oku kubangelwa yingqeqesho yakhe nemfundiso yakhe kwezomculo

== Ubomi obutsha ==
URebeka Malope wazalwa ngo-1968  eLekazi kufuphi [[Mbombela|UMombela]]&quot; Nelspruit (ngoku eyiMbombela) e[[IPhondo yaMpumalanga|Mpumalanga]]. Xa wayesemncinci wayesebenzisa isitulo sezigulana emva kokugula. Ogqirha babekholelwa ukuba akayi kukwazi ukuhamba yedwa. Xa wayesemncinci, yena noodadewabo babecula iindumiso ecaweni yabo. Emva kwexesha elide, xa wayeselula,  wazibandakanya  neqela le-gospel elalinyusa [[EGoli|iJohannesburg]], apho waziswa khona kumvelisi uSizwe Zakho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rebecca Malope {{!}} Biography &amp; History {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rebecca-malope-mn0000870774/biography|accessdate=29 October 2018|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;nso&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Umsebenzi&lt;/span&gt; ==
Umsebenzi wakhe womculo waqala ngo-1984.Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi enesithandathu  &lt;span lang=&quot;nso&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ubudala&lt;/span&gt; yena nodadewabo uSynthia bashiya idolophu yabo yaseKaNyamazane, kufuphi [[Mbombela|neNelspruit]], kwaye bahamba ngeenyawo iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amane ukuya e[[Evaton]], kwaye ekugqibeleni bafika eGoli. Ngowe1985, uMalope wangena kumdyarho weTV we&quot;Shell Road to Fame&quot; kunye neqela lakhe, kodwa bakhutshwa kumjikelo wokuqala wokhuphiswano. 

Ngowe1986, wadibana noSizwe Zako kwiiGallo Studios. Wayemkhumbula kuba wadibana naye kukhuphiswano. UZako wayevakalelwa kukuba ngokukhokelwa nguye uMalope wayenokuphumelela i&quot;Shell Road to Fame&quot; apho wayeza kungena khona ukhuphiswano njengomculi oyedwa. Ngowe1987, uMalope wenza njalo waza waphumelela iShell Road to Fame kwicandelo leFemale Vocalist ngengoma ye-gospel ethi &quot;Shine On&quot;, enikezelwe kwiingxaki zezopolitiko ngexesha Ucalulo eMzantsi Afrika.

Nangona wayephumelele kwiShell Road to Fame, wazama ukufumana inkampani yokurekhoda. Ekugqibeleni wanikwa isivumelwano sokurekhoda yiMFM kodwa waxelelwa ukuba umculo wevangeli awuvumelekanga. Waqhutywelwa ekubeni enze iingoma zedisco ukuthengisa iirekhodi ukuze akhuphisane no[[UBrenda Nokuzola Fassie|UBrenda Fassie]], [[UYvonne Chaka Chaka|noYvonne Chaka Chaka]]  kwanoMercy Phakela ababengabona baculi babafazi abakhulu ngelo xesha.

USizwe Zako wacenga abaphathi beMFM ukuba bafake ingoma enye yegospilel kwi-albhamu yokuqala kaMalope eyaziwa nje ngo''Sthembile Kuwe''. Ingoma yamkelwa kakuhle kunengoma zaPhesheya kwi-albhamu. Ngowe1989, uMalope wakhupha ii-albhamu ezimbini, Thank You Very Much no''Woza Lovey.'' Omabini la macwecwe afikelele kwiplatinamu. Ngowe1990, uMalope wakhulula u''Buyani.'' Ingoma yakhe ethi &quot;Buyani&quot; yayenzelwe abantu ababonwa nje ngamagorha okulwa, ngokukodwa [[Nelson Mandela|uNelson Mandela]] owakhululwa entolongweni eRobben Island ngaloo nyaka.iiAlbhamu yafumana isikhundla se-platinum kabini kwaye uMalope waphumelela i-Best Female Vocalist kwii-OKTV Awards, ebetha uBrenda Fassie. Ngowe1991, wakhupha ialbhamu yakhe yokugqibela ye-pop iSaturday Nite. Njenge albhamu zangaphambili, wabandakanya iingoma ezintathu ze-gospel.

Ngo1992, uMalope wakhupha ialbhamu epheleleyo yevangeli ''ethi &quot;Rebecca Sings Gospel&quot;'' . Le albhamu yamkelwa kakuhle ngabagxeki bomculo, abezindaba kunye nabalandeli, yaza yavelisa udumo lwakhe. Wayengumculi wokuqala wevangeli ocula iingoma zakhe ezidlala kunye nomculo oqhelekileyo njengomculo we-pop kunye nowesi [[IsiBhulu|-Afrikaans]] . Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le albhamu ithengiswe ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeekopi kwaye ithathwa njengenye yee-albhamu zevangeli ezilungileyo kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika. 

Emva kwempumelelo kaRebecca Sings Gospel, ngo1993 kwakhutshwa u''Ngiyekeleni'', kwaye kulandela impumelelo efanayo ne-albhamu yakhe yangaphambili. Ngowe1994, wakhupha u''Umoya Wam'' ogama lakhe libizwa ngokuba yingoma yokutyikitya kaMalope. Le album yadlula iirekhodi zakhe zangaphambili ngokuthengisa. UMalope waphumelela i-Coca-Cola Full Blast Music Show Award ye-Best Established Local Artist kunye nerekodi ye-10 yezigidi zevoti ngabaphulaphuli. Wafumana iBest Contemporary Gospel Album kwiSouth African Music Awards zokuqala ngo1995. Le album yayibhekiswe kuxolo eMzantsi Afrika njengoko yayitshintshela kwidemokhrasi ngo94. Ngowe-1996, wakhupha i''Shwele Baba.Y''ophula iirekhodi ngelo xesha yaba yeyona albamu eyathengiswa ngokukhawuleza eMzantsi Afrika, ithengisa iiyunithi ezili-100 000 ngeveki ezintathu emva kokukhutshwa.

UMalope ukhuphe ialbhamu ezingama-36 kumsebenzi wakhe womculo owathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngo-2009, wakhupha i-albhamu yakhe yama-30, enesihloko esithi My Hero, equka ii-CD ezibini. Ngo-Aprili 2010 wakhupha i-albhamu yakhe yama-31, ''Uzohamba Nami''. Ngomhla we-14 Matshi 2011, uMalope wakhupha i-albhamu yakhe ye-32, ''Ukuthula'' (oko kuthetha &quot;Uxolo&quot;). U-Alice u-Alice wacaphula kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni esithi: &quot;E-''Ukuthula'' abantu kufuneka balindele izandi ezivuselelayo kwaye ndiyayithanda yonke i-albhamu. Ndagqiba ngeli gama emva kokucinga ngesimo sehlabathi namhlanje. Abantu abanalo uxolo. Kukho imfazwe naphi na, nkqu nasecaweni. Ndifuna abantu bahlangane kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi banalo uxolo ebomini babo, ukuze sikwazi ukuba noxolo ehlabathini. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gospel digest – March 09, 2011|url=http://www.iol.co.za/tonight/music/gospel-digest-march-09-2011-1.1038594|accessdate=17 October 2014|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

UMalope utshate nosomashishini uThemba Tshabalala.

UMalope wathweswa isidanga sobugqirha esiphakemeyo kw[[I-Yunivesithi yaKwaZulu-Natala|iDyunivesi KwaZulu-Natal]] nakwiDyunivesi yaseKhalifoniya ngenxa yegalelo lwakhe emculweni.
[[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]]
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iqela leSizwe elitsha (eMzantsi Afrika)</title>
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'''Iqela elitsha leSizwe''' ( '''NNP''' ; Afrikaans   ) yayiliqela lezopolitiko laseMzantsi Afrika elasekwa ngo-1997 njengomlandeli weNational Party, eyayilawula ilizwe ukususela ngo-1948 ukuya ku-1994. Ukutshintshwa kwegama yayililinge lokuzihlukanisa nexesha elidlulileyo lobandlululo, nokuziguqula libe liqela eliphakathi, elilawulayo nelingenalo ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga . Eli linge alizange liphumelele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngo-2005 iNew National Party yavota ukuba ichithakale.

I-NP ingene kwixesha lentando yesininzi ekhokelwa ngumongameli wangaphambili waseMzantsi Afrika [[Frederik de Klerk|uFW de Klerk]], ophumelele iNobel Peace Prize noNelson [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] ngendima yakhe ekupheliseni ucalucalulo . Walandelwa nguMarthinus van Schalkwyk de ekugqibeleni kwaphela kwaza kwadityaniswa iqela ne- [[African National Congress]] (ANC). &lt;ref name=&quot;sah_merger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The NNP joins the ANC|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/nnp-joins-anc|accessdate=26 July 2016|publisher=South African History Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;gd_disband&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 April 2005|title=Apartheid party bows out with apology|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/11/southafrica.andrewmeldrum|accessdate=26 July 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; UVan Schalkwyk walithiya igama elitsha iqela ngasekupheleni kuka-1997. NgoFebruwari 1996, eli qela labhengeza ukuba liza kuba ngumbutho wezopolitiko ongenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, osekelwe kubuKristu-kwiDemokhrasi, kwaye uVan Schalkwyk wayefuna ukwakha phezu koku kwimizamo yakhe yokutshintsha igama le-NNP njengeqela elingenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, eliqhutywa lixabiso. 

Kodwa iNew National Party yayinengxaki ethile yokuchonga isiseko sezopolitiko eMzantsi Afrika emva kocalucalulo . Kwelinye icala, yayisenelifa lendima yayo phantsi kocalucalulo. Kwelinye icala, yayibonakala ingaqinisekanga ngobudlelwane bayo norhulumente okhokelwa yi-ANC kwaye yayibonakala ingakwazi ukugqiba ukuba yayikwimanyano yezopolitiko ne-ANC okanye yayikwiqela eliphikisayo. Ezi ngxaki zimbini zakhokelela ekuphambukeni kwiDemocratic Party (DP), eyayinembali yokuchasa ucalucalulo kwaye ngokucacileyo yayiliqela eliphikisayo kwi-ANC. Iphinde yalahlekelwa yinkxaso kwamanye amaqela.

I-NNP ayizange iphumelele kakuhle kunyulo jikelele luka-1999 . Nge-6.87% yevoti, iqela liphulukene namavoti kwi-DP nakwi-ANC kunye nesikhundla salo njengeqela eliphikisayo elisemthethweni kuzwelonke nakwiiphondo ezininzi. Kodwa yahlala inempembelelo kwiphondo [[IPhondo yaNtshona-Koloni|laseNtshona Koloni]], apho yayiliqela likarhulumente, nangona yayityhalelwe kwindawo yesibini apho yi-ANC. Eli qela lijongene nokulahlekelwa okuncinci kakhulu kweli phondo ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwenkxaso yalo yabantu abamhlophe yayingasekho, kodwa likwaphumelele ngcono kubavoti abamhlophe kunakwamanye amaphondo amaninzi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Can the ANC win the Western Cape?|publisher=Helen Suzman Foundation|url=http://hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/issue-16-fourth-quarter-1999/can-the-anc-win-the-western-cape|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408205936/http://hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/issue-16-fourth-quarter-1999/can-the-anc-win-the-western-cape|archive-date=8 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-50% esiseko sayo sabavoti ngoku avela kweli phondo linye, kwaye nangona yayisele imelwe kuzo zonke izindlu zowiso-mthetho zephondo ezilithoba, yayibonakala ngathi iqalisa ukuba namandla ezopolitiko engingqini.

Ngexesha lonyulo jikelele luka-2004, i-NNP yayiphantse yasuswa epalamente. Uninzi lwenkxaso yalo yalishiya iqela, ngenxa yokungonwabi ngomanyano lwalo ne-ANC, kwaye isabelo salo kwivoti yesizwe sehla ukusuka kwi-6.87% ngo-1999 saya kwi-1.65%, emva kokuba ingama-20.4% phantsi kwegama leNational Party ngo-1994. Eli qela laliphantse latshatyalaliswa kuninzi lwamaphondo kwaye lagcina kuphela iindawo ezimbalwa zenkxaso enkulu eNtshona Koloni, apho latyhalelwa kwindawo yesithathu emva kwe-DA kwindawo eyayikade inamandla kuyo.

Njengoko iqela elalilawula ngaphambili ngoku likwindawo yesithandathu ngobukhulu kweli lizwe, imibuzo yabuzwa malunga nekamva layo lexesha elide, kunye nobunkokeli bukaVan Schalkwyk. Nangona iqela lakhe lingazange liphumelele kakuhle kwiivoti, uVan Schalkwyk wanikwa isikhundla sekhabhinethi sokuba nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yezeNdalo noKhenketho, esibonwa njengomvuzo wokudibanisa i-NNP ne-ANC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Breytenbach|first=Willie|date=2004|title=NNP: the end of the road or a new start?|url=https://hsf.org.za/publications/focus/issue-33-first-quarter-2004/nnp-the-end-of-the-road-or-a-new-start|accessdate=May 26, 2025|website=hsf.org.za|publisher=[[Helen Suzman Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwindibano ngomhla we 19 kuTshazimpuzi ngomnyaka ka 2005 i NNP yavotelwa ngabantu abangamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu kwaye yabhatala ityala elingange 5.2 Million kwi absa group limited ukuze ixazulule &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pressly|first=Donwald|date=March 1, 2005|title=NNP executive decides to disband|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-03-01-nnp-executive-decides-to-disband/|accessdate=May 26, 2025|website=mg.co.za|publisher=[[Mail &amp; Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Piombo|first=J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWbJAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=NNP+federal+council+decides+to+disband+the+party|title=Electoral Politics in South Africa: Assessing the First Democratic Decade|last2=Nijzink|first2=L.|date=December 9, 2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=1403978867|page=184|access-date=May 26, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukususela ngomhla wesi-5 ku-Agasti 2005, onke amalungu epalamente e-NNP aba ngamalungu e-ANC, ngokwenkqubo yokuwela umgangatho eMzantsi Afrika, eyayivumela abezopolitiko, abakhethwe kwiqela elinye, ukuba baphambukele kwamanye amaqela okanye babe ngabazimeleyo . Le nkqubo yarhoxiswa ngo-2009.

Wamnkelile kwi IDU{{Reflist}}iNNP ibana ne ANC</text>
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