Amagqirha emveli aseMzantsi Afrika

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    <title>Amagqirha emveli aseMzantsi Afrika</title>
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[[File:Five-sangomas.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Izangoma ezintlanu zakwa [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|Zulu-Natal]]]]</text>
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[[File:Five-sangomas.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Izangoma ezintlanu zakwa [[IPhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala|Zulu-Natal]]]]
'''Amagqirha emveli akuMzantsi Afrika''' ngabo basebenza ngamayeza emveli ase-Afrika kulo mmandla. Adlala indima eyahlukeneyo kwezentlalo nakwezopolitiko eluntwini, njengokuxela ikamva, ukunyanga izifo zomzimba, ezingokweemvakalelo nezingokomoya, ukukhokela amasiko okuzalwa okanye okungcwaba, ukukhangela iinkomo ezilahlekileyo, ukukhusela amajoni, ukuchasa ubugqwirha, kunye nokubalisa imbali, iinkolelo ngendalo kunye neengcinga zesithethe sawo.</text>
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      <text bytes="3106" sha1="l5s7apn2i07bf24x2tj24l3h9u04o2t" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.</text>
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      <text bytes="5914" sha1="pujd625iy6dwxlal5wv8g4keslmlm3w" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="8268" sha1="e968brraumidnbokbrqjktsl8e4za0c" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="9578" sha1="gv4oe7ogppw4fv2m6df9xwb8sz6xikl" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="10271" sha1="t9syjb4dkggdhqh3lo8e523ombu23va" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="12355" sha1="3s2ska54h1p8qyobpag9jw2zuompc3w" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12370" sha1="qj0oh4ui4jd27jvtzm96ab9suxyx0mc" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==</text>
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        <id>14703</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12517" sha1="3h0qthkwdwyi2mykfz464t7cy9et97u" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14376" sha1="swgv8cnnbntgkprr2myiuty2ytscz8f" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="15511" sha1="22p3807eyq093gq62whm56ppgws790p" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="16947" sha1="kwo4kifprjcq8ge4dh424vhwpjljijq" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="17565" sha1="edm7rot2bv5x8yd5oqqxx3muqm6wyde" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="17623" sha1="j1s8d718ud3wnkut2cv1ktibnavwxmd" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===</text>
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      <text bytes="18588" sha1="6gqju0sh3mnceem7pi7hgv443j6n5on" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="19820" sha1="o5pdo9zuw6oj26ca6o3pzpe60im0855" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="21518" sha1="mhwtjybmr7jw08mym4fwl5a4672dd7e" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="22538" sha1="88jpf7qod9vg8vslpwunprp94bjfg94" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="23608" sha1="7rw3oetqvdpbbfk5g6dv2lbhah8as4p" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="24448" sha1="lepq1hi7k7x6rbfqqkz30urosfi8i2x" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="26141" sha1="l8me2zi1u01774uo6hnkvj93pd4d7mo" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;
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      <text bytes="26180" sha1="5nzvjdmxprjoghfaml5sruvtucidkw2" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===

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      <text bytes="26320" sha1="5dd1byv0oiahzatr03a8e9y9ep4lya5" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]

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      <text bytes="27040" sha1="oqd06obm7as7i8z7tyznyms4ys636f4" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="27840" sha1="fzhwna8upexy0gn9j0c48f9k7auuu4b" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376535516|African-American culture]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="27907" sha1="qbporqbofc8nkyktpjtoo5thnsqtryf" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===

[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="28891" sha1="68mntzsgi4l64lrqlgwewo366hm5h7d" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===
Intshukumo yamandla amnyama ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 yalandela emva kweNtlangano yamaLungelo oLuntu engenabundlobongela . Le ntshukumo ikhuthaze ukuzingca ngokobuhlanga kunye nomanyano ngokobuhlanga ngokuchaseneyo nokugxila ekuhlanganisweni kweNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu, kwaye yamkela isimo sengqondo sobundlongondlongo ngakumbi xa kujongwane nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|title=Black Power|encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=June 2, 2007|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080236/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|url-status=live}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power_movement&lt;/ref&gt; Kwakhona, yakhuthaza uvuko olutsha kwinkcubeko yokubhala nobugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge &quot;African-American Arts Movement&quot; okanye i-&quot;Black Arts Movement&quot; (iNtshukumo yoBugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika okanye obabaNtsundu.)
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      <text bytes="30088" sha1="fowswzprrfvofv52sgaxzyts9b580hz" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===
Intshukumo yamandla amnyama ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 yalandela emva kweNtlangano yamaLungelo oLuntu engenabundlobongela . Le ntshukumo ikhuthaze ukuzingca ngokobuhlanga kunye nomanyano ngokobuhlanga ngokuchaseneyo nokugxila ekuhlanganisweni kweNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu, kwaye yamkela isimo sengqondo sobundlongondlongo ngakumbi xa kujongwane nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|title=Black Power|encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=June 2, 2007|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080236/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|url-status=live}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power_movement&lt;/ref&gt; Kwakhona, yakhuthaza uvuko olutsha kwinkcubeko yokubhala nobugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge &quot;African-American Arts Movement&quot; okanye i-&quot;Black Arts Movement&quot; (iNtshukumo yoBugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika okanye obabaNtsundu.)

Imisebenzi yabaculi abadumileyo abarekhodayo abafana noNina Simone (&quot; Young, Gifted and Black &quot;) kunye neThe Impressions (&quot; Keep On Pushing &quot;), kunye nemibongo, ubugcisa obuhle, kunye noncwadi lwaloo xesha, zakha kwaye zabonakalisa ukukhula kolwazi lobuhlanga nezopolitiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Power|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210607/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-date=February 27, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phakathi kwababhali ababalaseleyo be-African-American Arts Movement kwakukho imbongi uNikki Giovanni, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Giovanni|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303085941/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-date=March 3, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=University of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; imbongi nompapashi uDon L. Lee, owathi kamva waziwa njengoHaki Madhubuti, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga uLeroi Jones, owathi kamva waziwa njengoAmiri Baraka kunye noSonia Sanchez.
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="30421" sha1="shmjhetns24832ij153g46bbpc2rmpa" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===
Intshukumo yamandla amnyama ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 yalandela emva kweNtlangano yamaLungelo oLuntu engenabundlobongela . Le ntshukumo ikhuthaze ukuzingca ngokobuhlanga kunye nomanyano ngokobuhlanga ngokuchaseneyo nokugxila ekuhlanganisweni kweNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu, kwaye yamkela isimo sengqondo sobundlongondlongo ngakumbi xa kujongwane nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|title=Black Power|encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=June 2, 2007|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080236/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|url-status=live}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power_movement&lt;/ref&gt; Kwakhona, yakhuthaza uvuko olutsha kwinkcubeko yokubhala nobugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge &quot;African-American Arts Movement&quot; okanye i-&quot;Black Arts Movement&quot; (iNtshukumo yoBugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika okanye obabaNtsundu.)

Imisebenzi yabaculi abadumileyo abarekhodayo abafana noNina Simone (&quot; Young, Gifted and Black &quot;) kunye neThe Impressions (&quot; Keep On Pushing &quot;), kunye nemibongo, ubugcisa obuhle, kunye noncwadi lwaloo xesha, zakha kwaye zabonakalisa ukukhula kolwazi lobuhlanga nezopolitiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Power|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210607/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-date=February 27, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phakathi kwababhali ababalaseleyo be-African-American Arts Movement kwakukho imbongi uNikki Giovanni, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Giovanni|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303085941/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-date=March 3, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=University of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; imbongi nompapashi uDon L. Lee, owathi kamva waziwa njengoHaki Madhubuti, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga uLeroi Jones, owathi kamva waziwa njengoAmiri Baraka kunye noSonia Sanchez.

Ngexesha leNtshukumo yeNkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika, uMelvin Charles noGleason T. Jackson baqulunqa iFlegi yeLifa leMveli labaMnyama baseMelika (ekwaziwa njengeFlegi yeLifa leMveli lama-Afrika aseMelika) ngonyaka ka 1967 ngenjongo yabaMnyama baseMelika. Namhlanje, isetyenziswa njengeflegi emele abantu abangama-Afrika aseMelika.
[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="30609" sha1="3te24joxl05gfoeqxb84l5sfdk53k17" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===
Intshukumo yamandla amnyama ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 yalandela emva kweNtlangano yamaLungelo oLuntu engenabundlobongela . Le ntshukumo ikhuthaze ukuzingca ngokobuhlanga kunye nomanyano ngokobuhlanga ngokuchaseneyo nokugxila ekuhlanganisweni kweNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu, kwaye yamkela isimo sengqondo sobundlongondlongo ngakumbi xa kujongwane nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|title=Black Power|encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=June 2, 2007|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080236/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|url-status=live}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power_movement&lt;/ref&gt; Kwakhona, yakhuthaza uvuko olutsha kwinkcubeko yokubhala nobugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge &quot;African-American Arts Movement&quot; okanye i-&quot;Black Arts Movement&quot; (iNtshukumo yoBugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika okanye obabaNtsundu.)

Imisebenzi yabaculi abadumileyo abarekhodayo abafana noNina Simone (&quot; Young, Gifted and Black &quot;) kunye neThe Impressions (&quot; Keep On Pushing &quot;), kunye nemibongo, ubugcisa obuhle, kunye noncwadi lwaloo xesha, zakha kwaye zabonakalisa ukukhula kolwazi lobuhlanga nezopolitiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Power|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210607/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-date=February 27, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phakathi kwababhali ababalaseleyo be-African-American Arts Movement kwakukho imbongi uNikki Giovanni, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Giovanni|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303085941/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-date=March 3, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=University of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; imbongi nompapashi uDon L. Lee, owathi kamva waziwa njengoHaki Madhubuti, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga uLeroi Jones, owathi kamva waziwa njengoAmiri Baraka kunye noSonia Sanchez.

Ngexesha leNtshukumo yeNkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika, uMelvin Charles noGleason T. Jackson baqulunqa iFlegi yeLifa leMveli labaMnyama baseMelika (ekwaziwa njengeFlegi yeLifa leMveli lama-Afrika aseMelika) ngonyaka ka 1967 ngenjongo yabaMnyama baseMelika. Namhlanje, isetyenziswa njengeflegi emele abantu abangama-Afrika aseMelika.
[[File:Thelonious_Monk,_Minton's_Playhouse,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Sept._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_06191).jpg|left|thumb| Umculi wepiyano yohlobo lwe-jazzuThelonious Monk ngonyaka ka 1947]]

[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="30713" sha1="ksid32qt17v66489vag475llan6kgip" xml:space="preserve">'''Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika''',(African American culture) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031022/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History and Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/project/black-history-and-culture|accessdate=2023-03-07|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekwaziwa njenge '''nkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika''' okanye '''inkcubeko yama-Afrika''' kwisiNgesi saseMelika, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/639943983/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Angela|date=October 2013|title=Cultural Perspective on African American Culture|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|url-status=live|journal=The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies|volume=1|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031021/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149766.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=March 8, 2023|via=AIAC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310144818/https://www.newspapers.com/image/657241015/|archive-date=March 10, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-10|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031024/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265480397/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307045942/https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-beautiful-emergence-black-culture-and-identity-60s-and-70s|archive-date=March 7, 2023|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ibhekisa kwiindlela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abathetha ngazo, nokuba yinxalenye okanye yahlukile kwinkcubeko yaseMelika eqhelekileyo. Ichazwa yimbali yomzabalazo odibeneyo wamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko, kwaye isekelwe kwimikhwa efanayo, ubuwena, kunye noluntu.

Inkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mcmanus|first=Melanie|date=2021|title=Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171904/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-trav-national-museum-african-american-music-nashville-0606-20210527-63ajqa7lazdcffwa27mlpdpg4e-story.html|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Marcellas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|title=Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion|date=2019|publisher=ABRAMS|isbn=9781683356622|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423054016/https://books.google.com/books?id=DUWJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=How+to+Slay:+Inspiration+from+the+Queens+and+Kings+of+Black+Style|archive-date=April 23, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; AmaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika enze igalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi, umculo, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, amajelo eendaba, ezopolitiko, inzululwazi, ishishini kunye nokupheka kwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-09-30|title=High on the Hog: A Culinary Journey from Africa to America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8448|url-status=live|journal=Science|volume=377|issue=6614|pages=1497|bibcode=2022Sci...377.1497.|doi=10.1126/science.ade8448|issn=0036-8075|pmid=36173834|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031116/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8448|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=September 2014|title=Breaking the Jemima Code: The Legacy of African American Cookbooks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0042|journal=Ecotone|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–120|doi=10.1353/ect.2014.0042|issn=2165-2651|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iintlobo zomculo wamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ezifana ne-jazz, i-rock and roll, kunye ne-hip-hop ziphakathi kwezinto zenkcubeko eziphumelele kakhulu ezithunyelwa yi-United States kwamanye amazwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Marcyliena|last2=Bennett|first2=Dionne|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop &amp; the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form|url=https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/140/2/176/26892/Hip-Hop-amp-the-Global-Imprint-of-a-Black-Cultural|journal=Daedalus|volume=140|issue=2|pages=176–196|doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00086|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ibisoloko ichazwa, ngokuyinxenye, ngumzabalazo wokuchasa nokoyisa imithetho nezenzo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga,kuquka ubukhoboka, imithetho ecinezelayo enjengemithetho yocalucalulo kaJim Crow, ukwahlulwa kwabantu eluntwini, kunye nokukhatywa ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko oluntu. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga luye lwabangela ukuba abaMnyama baseMelika bangabandakanywa kwimiba emininzi yobomi baseMelika kuyo yonke imbali yeli lizwe; la mava aye ayiphembelela kakhulu inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomez2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gomez|first=Michael Angelo|url=https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12|title=Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8078-6171-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/exchangingourcou0000gome/page/12 12]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-07|title=The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031622/https://www.thecollector.com/harlem-renaissance-arts-and-culture/|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=TheCollector|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye azisa indlela ama-Afrika aseMelika akhetha ngayo ukusebenzisana noluntu olubanzi lwaseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 2009|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (review)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2009.0020|journal=Alabama Review|volume=62|issue=3|pages=212–213|doi=10.1353/ala.2009.0020|issn=2166-9961|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|title=The Souls of Black Folk|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-955583-3|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=Brent Hayes|doi=10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199555833.001.0001/isbn-9780199555833|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilifa lamabali, amaqhalo, ukudlala ngamagama, kunye namabali emveli avela kuMntla-ntshona nakumbindi we-Afrika liye labumba inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ukususela kwixesha lobukhoboka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slave culture|url=https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ubomi benkolo nobokomoya buye baba nempembelelo kwimiba emininzi yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika, kuquka neNtshukumo yaMalungelo oLuntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|title=African American Religious History|date=2000|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9603-1|editor-last=SERNETT|editor-first=MILTON C.|doi=10.2307/j.ctv11smnkh|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024443/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fj.ctv11smnkh|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Morris|first=A.|date=2021|title=From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308050929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/from-civil-rights-to-black-lives-matter1/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-08|website=Scientific American|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhiyozela iiholide ezahlukeneyo. E-United States, iNyanga yeMbali yabaNtsundu ibhiyozelwa rhoqo kwinyanga yoMdumbi ukuhlonipha imbali etyebileyo kunye negalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika. I-Juneteenth, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 19, ikhumbula ukuphela kobukhoboka e-US. Ukongeza, ama-Afrika aseMelika amaninzi abhiyozela iKwanzaa ukusuka nge-26 kweyiMnga ukuya kwisuku lokuqala kwinyanga yoMqungu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exploring African American Culture|url=https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Assistance-Programs/WIC-Media/African-American-Culture.pdf?rev=2046b12f73f94199b86fe4eebe334bcc&amp;hash=ACE009B632CB63ED29663574E6882B25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.Inkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika ayichazwa nje ngokobuhlanga okanye ngembali yomzabalazo, kodwa inengcambu ezinzulu kwizithethe ekwabelwana ngazo, kwisazisi nakuluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Washington|first=Harriet A.|title=Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present|date=2008|publisher=Anchor books|isbn=978-0-7679-1547-2|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rediker|first=Marcus|title=The slave ship: a human history|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-311425-3|series=A Penguin book History African-American studies|location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Woodward|first=C. Vann|title=The strange career of Jim Crow|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514689-9|edition=Commemorative|location=Oxford; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=James D.|title=The education of Blacks in the South, 1860 - 1935|date=1995|publisher=Univ. of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4221-8|edition=Nachdr.|location=Chapel Hill, NC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/968310784|title=They can't kill us all: the story of the struggle for Black lives|date=2016|publisher=Back Bay Books : Little, Brown and Company|isbn=978-0-316-31249-3|edition=First Back Bay paperback|location=New York, NY|oclc=968310784|access-date=September 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907031152/https://search.worldcat.org/title/968310784|archive-date=September 7, 2024|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baradaran|first=Mehrsa|title=The color of money: black banks and the racial wealth gap|date=2019|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-23747-6|edition=First Harvard University Press paperback|location=Cambridge London}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Michelle|title=The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness|date=2012|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-643-8|edition=Revised paperback|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imbali. ==
[[File:Family_of_African_American_picking_cotton_in_Georgia,_circa_1880.jpg|left|thumb| Amakhoboka aseMelika aNtsundu eGeorgia, ngonyaka ka 1850]]
Ama-Afrika aseMelika ayimiphumo yokudibana kwamazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Seigel|first=Micol|date=2011|title=Patrick Manning . The African Diaspora: A History through Culture . (Columbia Studies in International and Global History.) New York : Columbia University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 394. $29.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=116|issue=1|pages=251–252|doi=10.1086/ahr.116.1.251|issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024916/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/116/1/251/2063219?redirectedFrom=fulltext|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkcubeko, izizwe kunye neenkolo ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Robert L.|last2=Huggins|first2=Nathan Irvin|date=1978|title=Black Odyssey: The Afro-American Ordeal in Slavery|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867827|url-status=live|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=83|issue=4|pages=1095|doi=10.2307/1867827|issn=0002-8762|jstor=1867827|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907024917/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1867827?origin=crossref|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; aqhekeka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Avila|first=E.|date=2018|title=American Cultural History: A Very Short Introduction|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|journal=Very Short Introductions|doi=10.1093/actrade/9780190200589.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-020058-9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye akhiwa kwakhona ngamava adibeneyo  kwaye adityaniswa abe liqela elinye kwilizwekazi [[UmNtla Melika|laseMntla Melika]] ngexesha lorhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki kwaye ngoku abizwa ngokuba ngama-Afrika aseMelika.

Uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika luyinzala yabantu ababengamakhoboka ababehlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-United States yangoku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Love|first=Ms Bathsheba|title=Murrell Library Research Guides: African-Americans &amp; the Black Experience: African-American Identity &amp; Culture|url=https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907032140/https://libguides.moval.edu/black-experience|archive-date=September 7, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=libguides.moval.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abayinzala yobukhoboka baseMelika (ADOS) ngokuyintloko bavela kwimvelaphi yaseNtshona Afrika naselunxwemeni lwase-Afrika, kunye nobuninzi obahlukeneyo bobukhokho baseNtshona Yurophu kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Salas|first=Antonio|last2=C|first2=Angel|last3=R|first3=Martin|last4=M|first4=Vincent|date=2005|title=Charting the ancestry of African Americans|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=77|issue=4|pages=676–680|doi=10.1086/491675|issn=0002-9297|pmc=1275617|pmid=16175514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu abamnyama eMelika ngabaphambukeli okanye abantwana babaphambukeli abamnyama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Christine|first=T.|date=2022|title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S.|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905225227/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/27/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/|archive-date=September 5, 2024|accessdate=2024-09-03|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangona abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama okanye abantwana babo banokuzibona njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika, abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika abayonxalenye yeqela labamnyama baseMelika. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli besizukulwana sokuqala abavela eAfrika bakhetha ukuzibona njengabantu abazalwa nabo. Kukho uphando lwakutshanje olubonisa ukuba abanye abaphambukeli abamnyama eMelika bayamelana nokudibana nabantu ukuze banciphise ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga olujongene nabantu abamnyama baseMelika abazalelwe apho. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Adida|first=Claire L.|last2=Robinson|first2=Amanda Lea|date=2023|title=Why (some) immigrants resist assimilation: US racism and the African immigrant experience|journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science|volume=18|issue=3|pages=295–338|doi=10.1561/100.00021091|issn=1554-0626|pmc=10706603|pmid=38077161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkcubeko yama-Afrika aseMelika yavela phakathi kwenkqubo yokulwa nocalu-calulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika, eyayibonakala ngogonyamelo olukhulu, ingcinezelo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle okuqhutywa bubuzwe obuphezulu ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Culture : Origins|url=https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691#:~:text=African%20American%20culture—often%20referred,Americans%20continues%20to%20resonate%20worldwide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412012507/https://research.auctr.edu/c.php?g=1386473&amp;p=10253691|archive-date=12 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imbali ekwabelwana ngayo kwilizwekazi laseMelika ===
Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobukhoboka baseMelika kwinkulungwane ye-17, abanini bamakhoboka babefuna ukulawula abantu babo ababenyanzelwa ukuba ngamakhoboka ngokuzama ukubahlutha inkcubeko yabo yaseAfrika.Kwilizwe elitsha (iNew World) ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokukodwa eUnited States, ukwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokubekelwa ecaleni eluntwini kwabantu base-Afrika ababengamakhoboka, kunye nokwahlulwa nokubekelwa ecaleni kwabantwana babo ababephila ngokukhululeka kamva. Kwanceda ekugcinweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yemveli phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika. Abanini-bakhoboka bazama ngabom ukucinezela nayiphi na imibutho yezopolitiko okanye yenkcubeko ezimeleyo ukuze bajongane nemvukelo eninzi yamakhoboka okanye izenzo zokuchasa ezazisenzeka eUnited States, eBrazil, eHaiti, naseDutch Guiana. &lt;ref&gt;Price, R. (1996). ''Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas''. Anchor Books. pp. 1–33.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amasiko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika zabonelela ngesiseko sezenzo zokomoya zabantu abakhotyokisiweyo, ababexuba iinkolelo zookhokho nobuKristu ukuze benze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Olu kuqina kwenkcubeko kwabonakala kwiimvukelo zamakhoboka, ezazichasa ukusekwa kobukhoboka kwaye zakhuthaza ingqiqo yoluntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika. Intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yavela njengenkqubela enamandla yalo mzabalazo. Eli lifa lembali lachaphazela iintsapho zanamhlanje zama-Afrika aseMelika kwaye labumba amaxabiso azo, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko, kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwezoqoqosho lokungalingani kwenkqubo eqhuba ukuzibophelela ekuxhobiseni nasekutshintsheni koluntu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Black Joy: Resistance, Resilience and Reclamation|language=en|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-joy-resistance-resilience-and-reclamation?TSPD_101_R0=083ccf6c57ab200071522b1f7f4f74b05ab76e4359b1f360e773c89aadb01e9874eb62eab2c9ba75084d7859781430001f2250a1e3c39646e9b4f00ed7975fd76c02396bbaf842f5ee37a6e39b8e6d9797e8d21514684c85d3d67d5ee611331b|access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impembelelo yeAfrika ibonakala kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ulwimi, umculo, iindlela zokulungisa iinwele, imfashini, umdaniso, unqulo, ukutya, kunye nembono yehlabathi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Digital History|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154313/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3043|archive-date=August 8, 2020|accessdate=September 6, 2020|website=www.digitalhistory.uh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abantu baseMelika abangama-Afrika bazakhela inkcubeko nembali yabo eUnited States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Cincinnati Enquirer 01 Mar 2000, page Page 12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620210916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/102496086/|archive-date=June 20, 2023|accessdate=2023-06-20|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwelinye icala, inkcubeko yama-Afrika-aseMelika ibe nefuthe elibanzi neliguqula izinto ezininzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika. Le nkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngokuyila ibizwa ngokuba yi -creolization . &lt;ref name=&quot;slave_culture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 2, 2007|title=African American Voices: Slave Culture|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507214116/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/black_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=23|archive-date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|publisher=[[University of Houston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkcubeko yamakhoboka aseAfrika kunye nenzala yawo iye yaba nefuthe elibanzi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika ebalaseleyo nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi. 
[[File:Harlem_Street_rehearsal_(125th_street).jpg|thumb| Ukuziqhelanisa komculo weqela kwisitalato i -125th Street eHarlem,indawo engundoqo nembali ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yama-Afrika-Melika. ISixeko saseNew York sisekhaya ngomda omkhulu xa sithelekiswa nesona sixeko sinabantu abamnyama baseMelika ehlabathini kunaso nasiphi na isixeko esingaphandle [[I-Afrika|kweAfrika]], esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2. Ukufudukela kwabantu baseAfrika eNew York City ngoku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwabemi baseAfrika-baseMelika nabaseAfrika kwesi sixeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;AfricanMigrationNYC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|date=2023|title=African and Invisible: The Other New York Migrant Crisis|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125220924/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/west-african-immigrants-nyc.html|archive-date=January 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ukuba abantu ababebanjwe ngamakhoboka (amakhoboka) babethintela okanye bethintela imfundo yabo, uloyiko yayikukuba imfundo yayinokubanika amandla abantu, kwaye ikhuthaze okanye ivumele amabhongo okukhululwa. Amasiko omlomo aseAfrika aba yindlela ephambili yokugcina imbali, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu. Oku kwakuhambelana nezenzo zembali yomlomo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseAfrika kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezazingaxhomekekanga kwilizwi elibhaliweyo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenkcubeko zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokubalisa amabali. Amabali eentsomi anike ama-Afrika aseMelika ithuba lokukhuthazana nokufundisana. &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Papa|first=Maggie|last2=Gerber|first2=Amy|last3=Mohamed|first3=Abeer|title=African American Culture through Oral Tradition|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527050107/http://www.gwu.edu/~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html|archive-date=May 27, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2007|publisher=[[George Washington University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuphila kwanamhlanje kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika ukuya eMntla kuye kwaba nembali yokubeka uxinzelelo ekugcinweni kwemikhuba nezithethe zenkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu baseMelika. Iindawo zasezidolophini nezahluke kakhulu apho inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu yayiveliswa khona zaphakamisa uloyiko kwiingcali zezentlalo kunye neengcali zezentlalo ukuba inkalo yabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika yenkcubeko ethandwayo yabantu abaNtsundu yayisengozini yokulahleka kwimbali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dunbar|first=EVE E.|title=Black Regions of the Imagination|date=2013|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0942-3|editor-last=DUNBAR|editor-first=EVE E.|series=African American Writers between the Nation and the World|pages=16–57|chapter=Becoming American through Ethnographic Writing|jstor=j.ctt14bt4hc.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye iinkalo zesiko lomlomo lama-Afrika aseMelika ziquka i-dazens, i-significant, i-trash talk, i-rhyming, i-semantic inversion kunye ne-word play, uninzi lwazo oluye lwafumana indlela yalo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yaseMelika kwaye lwaba yimeko yehlabathi.  Ngexesha lobukhoboka, ama-Afrika aseMelika azivumelanisa ezi zithethe zolwimi njengendlela yokuchasana nokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=November 1990|title=''The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism''. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391861|url-status=live|journal=Modern Philology|volume=88|issue=2|pages=224–226|doi=10.1086/391861|issn=0026-8232|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907025004/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/391861|archive-date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibongo ethethwayo ngomnye umzekelo wendlela isiko lomlomo lase-Afrika-laseMelika eliye lanefuthe ngayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo yanamhlanje. Abaculi abasebenzisa amagama athethwayo basebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nabashumayeli base-Afrika baseMelika kuquka intshukumo, isingqisho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabaphulaphuli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Miazga|first=M|date=1998|title=The Spoken Word Movement of 1990s|url=http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235005/http://www.msu.edu/~miazgama/spokenword.htm|archive-date=October 12, 2007|accessdate=October 7, 2007|publisher=[[Michigan State University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umculo we-rap ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 nangaphaya uye wakhankanywa njengolwandiso lwenkcubeko ethethwayo yaseAfrika &lt;ref name=&quot;oral&quot; /&gt;

=== UVuko lweNkcubeko yaseHarlem ===
[[File:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|left|thumb| UZora Neale Hurston wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwinkalo yoncwadi ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance]]
Ukwamkelwa kokuqala okukhulu kwenkcubeko yabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kwenzeka ngexesha leHarlem Renaissance eyaqalwa ngu- Alain Locke . Kwiminyaka yoo-1920 ukuyotsho kunyaka ka-1930, umculo, uncwadi, kunye nobugcisa baseMelika abaNtsundu baziwa kakhulu. Ababhali abafana noZora Neale Hurston noNella Larsen kunye neembongi ezifana noLangston Hughes, uClaude McKay, kunye noCountee Cullen babhale imisebenzi echaza amava abantu abamnyama baseMelika. I-Jazz, i-swing, i-blues kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo zangena kumculo odumileyo waseMelika. Abaculi abamnyama baseMelika abafana noWilliam H. Johnson, uAaron Douglas, kunye noPalmer Hayden benze imisebenzi yobugcisa eyahlukileyo ebonisa abantu abamnyama baseMelika. 

I-Harlem Renaissance yayikwangexesha lokwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kubantu baseMelika abangabaMnyama. Phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo yabaMnyama baseMelika eyasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho i-Universal Negro Improvement Association kunye ne-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I-Nation of Islam, umbutho wenkolo obalulekileyo onxulumene nobuSilamsi, nawo waqalisa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. &lt;ref name=&quot;harlem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=William H.|title=The Harlem Renaissance|url=http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601152141/http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/|archive-date=June 1, 2007|accessdate=June 1, 2007|publisher=fatherryan.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Intshukumo yenkcubeko yamaMelika anemvelaphi yase-Afrika ===
Intshukumo yamandla amnyama ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 yalandela emva kweNtlangano yamaLungelo oLuntu engenabundlobongela . Le ntshukumo ikhuthaze ukuzingca ngokobuhlanga kunye nomanyano ngokobuhlanga ngokuchaseneyo nokugxila ekuhlanganisweni kweNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu, kwaye yamkela isimo sengqondo sobundlongondlongo ngakumbi xa kujongwane nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|title=Black Power|encyclopedia=King Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=June 2, 2007|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080236/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/|url-status=live}}https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power_movement&lt;/ref&gt; Kwakhona, yakhuthaza uvuko olutsha kwinkcubeko yokubhala nobugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge &quot;African-American Arts Movement&quot; okanye i-&quot;Black Arts Movement&quot; (iNtshukumo yoBugcisa buka-Afrika-Melika okanye obabaNtsundu.)

Imisebenzi yabaculi abadumileyo abarekhodayo abafana noNina Simone (&quot; Young, Gifted and Black &quot;) kunye neThe Impressions (&quot; Keep On Pushing &quot;), kunye nemibongo, ubugcisa obuhle, kunye noncwadi lwaloo xesha, zakha kwaye zabonakalisa ukukhula kolwazi lobuhlanga nezopolitiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Power|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210607/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/concepts/power.html|archive-date=February 27, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phakathi kwababhali ababalaseleyo be-African-American Arts Movement kwakukho imbongi uNikki Giovanni, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Giovanni|url=http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303085941/http://www.umich.edu/~eng499/people/giovanni.html|archive-date=March 3, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2007|website=Black Arts Movement|publisher=University of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; imbongi nompapashi uDon L. Lee, owathi kamva waziwa njengoHaki Madhubuti, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga uLeroi Jones, owathi kamva waziwa njengoAmiri Baraka kunye noSonia Sanchez.

Ngexesha leNtshukumo yeNkcubeko yabaMnyama baseMelika, uMelvin Charles noGleason T. Jackson baqulunqa iFlegi yeLifa leMveli labaMnyama baseMelika (ekwaziwa njengeFlegi yeLifa leMveli lama-Afrika aseMelika) ngonyaka ka 1967 ngenjongo yabaMnyama baseMelika. Namhlanje, isetyenziswa njengeflegi emele abantu abangama-Afrika aseMelika.
[[File:Thelonious_Monk,_Minton's_Playhouse,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Sept._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_06191).jpg|left|thumb| Umculi wepiyano yohlobo lwe-jazzuThelonious Monk ngonyaka ka 1947]]
[[File:KendrickSZASPurs230725-144_(cropped)_desaturated.jpg|left|thumb| Umculi we-rap uKendrick Lamar]]

[[Uluhlu:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===
''IMalipenga'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba ''yiMapenenga'' apha ekhaya) yavela phakathi kweendawo ezisemantla ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci aseTumbuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iguqulela isitayile somkhosi kumdaniso okhuphisanayo “ngoompondo abaculayo” kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot; /&gt;Ukusuka emantla yasasazeka ngokubanzi; embindini weMalawi kwavela uhlobo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yiMganda, lwabelana ngomdaniso osekelwe kwisitayile kunye nomboniso wamaqela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2015|title=Traditional dances of Malawi|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2022|title=Mganda – Traditional Malawian Dance|url=https://malawiplus.com/mganda/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=MalawiPlus}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===
''IMalipenga'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba ''yiMapenenga'' apha ekhaya) yavela phakathi kweendawo ezisemantla ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci aseTumbuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iguqulela isitayile somkhosi kumdaniso okhuphisanayo “ngoompondo abaculayo” kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot; /&gt;Ukusuka emantla yasasazeka ngokubanzi; embindini weMalawi kwavela uhlobo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yiMganda, lwabelana ngomdaniso osekelwe kwisitayile kunye nomboniso wamaqela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2015|title=Traditional dances of Malawi|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2022|title=Mganda – Traditional Malawian Dance|url=https://malawiplus.com/mganda/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=MalawiPlus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''UMtungo'' owaziwa ngokuba ''nguMagali'' ngumngqungqo wesintu ophuma kwisithili saseNkhamanga namaHewe eRumphi, Kasungu, Mzimba. Idlalwa ngamadoda nabafazi kwiindibano apho kuselwa khona utywala, iingoma zihlala zifundisa. Isixhobo esiphambili sisigodlo esinomlomo omncinci esizaliswe ngamatye amancinci, abaculi batshintsha isandi ngokugubungela nokuvula umngxuma ngelixa beshukuma, behamba nokucula nokuqhwaba izandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory (extract)|url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/26206-EN.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO (archived inventory document)}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===
''IMalipenga'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba ''yiMapenenga'' apha ekhaya) yavela phakathi kweendawo ezisemantla ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci aseTumbuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iguqulela isitayile somkhosi kumdaniso okhuphisanayo “ngoompondo abaculayo” kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot; /&gt;Ukusuka emantla yasasazeka ngokubanzi; embindini weMalawi kwavela uhlobo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yiMganda, lwabelana ngomdaniso osekelwe kwisitayile kunye nomboniso wamaqela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2015|title=Traditional dances of Malawi|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2022|title=Mganda – Traditional Malawian Dance|url=https://malawiplus.com/mganda/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=MalawiPlus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''UMtungo'' owaziwa ngokuba ''nguMagali'' ngumngqungqo wesintu ophuma kwisithili saseNkhamanga namaHewe eRumphi, Kasungu, Mzimba. Idlalwa ngamadoda nabafazi kwiindibano apho kuselwa khona utywala, iingoma zihlala zifundisa. Isixhobo esiphambili sisigodlo esinomlomo omncinci esizaliswe ngamatye amancinci, abaculi batshintsha isandi ngokugubungela nokuvula umngxuma ngelixa beshukuma, behamba nokucula nokuqhwaba izandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory (extract)|url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/26206-EN.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO (archived inventory document)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Ulumba ngumdaniso wamadoda wokubhiyozela eRumphi, owasekwa xa kubuya umzingeli ophumeleleyo. Lo mdaniso ubonisa umdlalo wokulwa apho abahlali belinganisa isilwanyana esihlaselayo ngoxa umzingeli ebonisa indlela esibanjwa okanye esibulawa ngayo, konke oku kuhamba kunye nokucula kweqela kunye nokunkqonkqoza ngezandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot; /&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===
''IMalipenga'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba ''yiMapenenga'' apha ekhaya) yavela phakathi kweendawo ezisemantla ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci aseTumbuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iguqulela isitayile somkhosi kumdaniso okhuphisanayo “ngoompondo abaculayo” kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot; /&gt;Ukusuka emantla yasasazeka ngokubanzi; embindini weMalawi kwavela uhlobo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yiMganda, lwabelana ngomdaniso osekelwe kwisitayile kunye nomboniso wamaqela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2015|title=Traditional dances of Malawi|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2022|title=Mganda – Traditional Malawian Dance|url=https://malawiplus.com/mganda/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=MalawiPlus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''UMtungo'' owaziwa ngokuba ''nguMagali'' ngumngqungqo wesintu ophuma kwisithili saseNkhamanga namaHewe eRumphi, Kasungu, Mzimba. Idlalwa ngamadoda nabafazi kwiindibano apho kuselwa khona utywala, iingoma zihlala zifundisa. Isixhobo esiphambili sisigodlo esinomlomo omncinci esizaliswe ngamatye amancinci, abaculi batshintsha isandi ngokugubungela nokuvula umngxuma ngelixa beshukuma, behamba nokucula nokuqhwaba izandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory (extract)|url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/26206-EN.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO (archived inventory document)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Ulumba ngumdaniso wamadoda wokubhiyozela eRumphi, owasekwa xa kubuya umzingeli ophumeleleyo. Lo mdaniso ubonisa umdlalo wokulwa apho abahlali belinganisa isilwanyana esihlaselayo ngoxa umzingeli ebonisa indlela esibanjwa okanye esibulawa ngayo, konke oku kuhamba kunye nokucula kweqela kunye nokunkqonkqoza ngezandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot; /&gt;

IVisekese (ehambelana kakhulu neChiwoda) ngumdaniso wabasetyhini osetyenziswa kuwo ibhokisi enokushukunyiswa ukuze kuveliswe isandi; lo mdaniso ufumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zaseMantla eMalawi kwaye waziwa kakhulu ngenxa yabadanisi abavela kwindawo yaseTumbuka Usisya eNkhata Bay. Eli gama libhekisela kwisixhobo esiphambili somculo, esiyibhokisi yokhuni ebhityileyo, engange-incwadi ngobukhulu, nezele ngamatye amancinci okanye iinkozo ezomileyo ezivelisa isandi sokunkqonkqoza xa ishukunyiswa ukuze kuhambelane nesingqi somculo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot; /&gt;</text>
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Imidaniso nemibhiyozo yemveli yabantu bakwaTumbuka ibandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezinxulumene namasiko, ukuphilisa, ukubhiyozela kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezifumaneka ikakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwaTumbuka baseTanzania, kumantla nakumbindi welizwe [[Malawi|weMalawi]], naseMuchinga naseMpuma [[EZambia|Zambia]] . Eyona ibhalwe kakuhle kwezi ''yiVimbuza'', umdaniso nomculo ophilisayo obhalwe yi [[I-UNESCO|-UNESCO]] kuluhlu lwabameli belifa lenkcubeko elingabonakaliyo loluntu ngonyaka ka 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vimbuza healing dance|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/vimbuza-healing-dance-00158|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintlobo zomculo ezidlalwa kakhulu ziquka ''iMalipenga'' / ''Mganda'', kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezikwimimandla ethile ezifana ''neMtungo'' ( ''Magali'' ), ''u-Ulumba'', kunye ''neVisekese'' . Iminyhadala yonyaka iquka ''iGonapamuhanya'' exhaswa ngurhulumente kunye ''neMulindafwa'' eMalawi, kunye ''neKulonga'', ''iVinkhakanimba'' kunye ''neZengani'' eZambia ezisebenza njengeendawo zokubonisa, ukusasaza kunye nokubhiyozela ubuwena bukaTumbuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;MBC2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2024|title=Gonapamuhanya Cultural Festival to advance women, youth interest|url=https://mbc.mw/gonapamuhanya-cultural-festival-to-advance-women-youth-interest/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Malawi Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MalawiIndia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Intangible Heritage Sites: Gonapamuhanya; Mulindafwa|url=https://malawi-india.org/intangible.html|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=High Commission of Malawi in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ZenganiStudy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023|title=The Role of Language in Uniting Two Different Ethnic Groups|url=https://research.mu.ac.zm/research/index.php/mu/article/download/87/35/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Mulungushi University Research Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imvelaphi. ==
Umdaniso weTumbuka kunye nezithethe zeminyhadala ziquka ulonwabo lwentlalo, isikhumbuzo sembali, ukuphiliswa kunye nokulamla ngokomoya. Kumantla eMalawi, iVimbuza iyinxalenye ''ye-ng'oma'' (“iidrama zokubandezeleka”) ebanzi eseMbindini naseMzantsi Afrika esebenzisa ukubethela amagubu, ingoma kunye nomdaniso ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo kunye nokubuyisela uzinzo kuluntu. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 December 2014|title=Vimbuza healing dance (multimedia note)|url=https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-3758|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphandle kweendlela zesiko, imbali yempi yenkulungwane yama-20 yachaphazela iintlobo zomdaniso wamadoda ezifana neMalipenga/Mganda, eziguqula indlela yobuhle besitayile somdaniso eyaziswa phantsi kweKing 's African Rifles . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mpata|first=D.|year=2001|title=The Malipenga Dance in Nkhata Bay District|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29779058|journal=African Music|access-date=30 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malipenga: Dance music from the Tonga-speaking people of Malawi|url=https://folkways.si.edu/malipenga-dance-music-from-the-tonga-speaking-people-of-malawi/world/music/album/smithsonian|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Smithsonian Folkways}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imidaniso emikhulu yesintu ==

=== I-Vimbuza. ===
I-Vimbuza sisithethe sokwenza umboniso onceda ekuphiliseni, apho ukubetha amagubu, ukucula kunye nokudanisa kunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nemimoya. I-UNESCO iqaphela ubunzulu bayo bembali, ukubandakanyeka kwayo ngokwesini (izigulane ezininzi zingabasetyhini), isigqi seengoma ezihambelana nomoya kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo nangona iphikiswa ngabavangeli kunye nezonyango. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCOvimbuza&quot; /&gt; Umsebenzi wezifundo ubeka iVimbuza ngaphakathi kokuphiliswa kwe ''-ng'oma'' kwaye uchaza imeko ye-trance, indima yabaphilisi abaziingcali kunye &quot;nendawo yokudanisa isifo&quot; yoluntu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedson|first=Steven M.|title=Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMalipenga (Mapenenga). ===
''IMalipenga'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba ''yiMapenenga'' apha ekhaya) yavela phakathi kweendawo ezisemantla ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci aseTumbuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iguqulela isitayile somkhosi kumdaniso okhuphisanayo “ngoompondo abaculayo” kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mpata2001&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Folkways&quot; /&gt;Ukusuka emantla yasasazeka ngokubanzi; embindini weMalawi kwavela uhlobo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuba yiMganda, lwabelana ngomdaniso osekelwe kwisitayile kunye nomboniso wamaqela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2015|title=Traditional dances of Malawi|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-dances-malawi|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2022|title=Mganda – Traditional Malawian Dance|url=https://malawiplus.com/mganda/|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=MalawiPlus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''UMtungo'' owaziwa ngokuba ''nguMagali'' ngumngqungqo wesintu ophuma kwisithili saseNkhamanga namaHewe eRumphi, Kasungu, Mzimba. Idlalwa ngamadoda nabafazi kwiindibano apho kuselwa khona utywala, iingoma zihlala zifundisa. Isixhobo esiphambili sisigodlo esinomlomo omncinci esizaliswe ngamatye amancinci, abaculi batshintsha isandi ngokugubungela nokuvula umngxuma ngelixa beshukuma, behamba nokucula nokuqhwaba izandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory (extract)|url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/26206-EN.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2025|website=UNESCO (archived inventory document)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Ulumba ngumdaniso wamadoda wokubhiyozela eRumphi, owasekwa xa kubuya umzingeli ophumeleleyo. Lo mdaniso ubonisa umdlalo wokulwa apho abahlali belinganisa isilwanyana esihlaselayo ngoxa umzingeli ebonisa indlela esibanjwa okanye esibulawa ngayo, konke oku kuhamba kunye nokucula kweqela kunye nokunkqonkqoza ngezandla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot; /&gt;

IVisekese (ehambelana kakhulu neChiwoda) ngumdaniso wabasetyhini osetyenziswa kuwo ibhokisi enokushukunyiswa ukuze kuveliswe isandi; lo mdaniso ufumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zaseMantla eMalawi kwaye waziwa kakhulu ngenxa yabadanisi abavela kwindawo yaseTumbuka Usisya eNkhata Bay. Eli gama libhekisela kwisixhobo esiphambili somculo, esiyibhokisi yokhuni ebhityileyo, engange-incwadi ngobukhulu, nezele ngamatye amancinci okanye iinkozo ezomileyo ezivelisa isandi sokunkqonkqoza xa ishukunyiswa ukuze kuhambelane nesingqi somculo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory26206&quot; /&gt;

== Iminyhadala. ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ISebe leMfundo esiSiseko</title>
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Isebe LeMfundo esiSiseko liyenye lamasebe orhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika. Lijongene nemfundo yamabanga aphantsi naphezulu eMzantsi Afrika. Eli Sebe lasekwa ngonyaka ka-2009 emva konyulo lika mengameli uJacob Zuma, xa iSebe Lemfundo elalisakubakho lohlukana langamasebe amabini: iSebe leMfundo esiSiseko kunye neSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho. 

Intloko yezopolitiko yelisebe ngumphathiswa weMfundo esiSiseko, ukusukela KweyoMqungu 2025 lo nguSiviwe Gwarube. Eli Sebe lijonga zonke izikolo eziseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye limisela ikharityhulam yamabanga ahlukeneyo. Eli Sebe leMfundo esiSiseko lisebenzisana nabachaphazelekayo abafana no ISASA, NASA njalo njalo. ISebe linekomkhulu layo eSol Plaatjie House, ethiywe emva kombhali uSol Platjie, ePitoli. Eli Sebe laseMzantsi Afrika ligxwekwe kakhulu, ingakumbi ngonyaka ka2012 kukho ingxaki yencwadi zokufunda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zille|first=Helen|date=24 June 2012|title=The cause of the Limpopo textbook crisis- Hellen Zille|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news/the-causes-of-the-limpopo-textbook-crisis-helen-zille|accessdate=25 September 2026|website=politics web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuhlalo-lwabiwo mali lonyaka ka-2010, iSebe lafumana isixa semali esingange 6.166.2 yezigidi zeerandi, kwaye linabasebenzi abangama-730. Ngonyaka ka-2019, iSebe lafumana izinga elirekhodiweyo lwabafundi bebanga leshumi lokupasa elingu 81.3%.

Ngonyaka ka-2020, eliSebe lasebenzisana ne-eMedia Investments ukwazisa ijelo lemfundo ukuncedisa abafundi eyaziwa ngokuba yi DBE TV kwiqonga le-Open View. Emva koko, baqalisa iphulo elitsha lasimahla nelifikeleleka emntwini wonke, ukunceda abafundi bebanga leshumi neemviwo zabo eyaziwa ngokuba yiWoza Matrics. Ngo-2020 baba nonyaka onzima bejongene nobhubhani iCOVID-19, apho izikolo kwakufuneka zivale iingcango zazo okwethutyana ziphinde zivule xa kuthomalele lobhubhani
[[Uluhlu:Imfundo eMzantsi Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Build One South Africa</title>
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I-Build One South Africa (BOSA), ibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni njengeBuild One South Africa With Mmusi Maimane liqela laseMzantsi Afrika lezopolitiko. Ikhokhelwa nguMmusi Maimane, inkokheli yeOne SA Movement nowayeyinkokheli yeDemocratic Alliance. I-BOSA yafumana izihlalo zobuPalamente ezimbini kwindibano yeSizwe kunyunyulo lwesizwe nolwephondo ngonyaka wama-2024. 

== Imbali ==
Eli qela lasungulwa ngomhla wama-24 kweyoMsintsi 2022 eNaledi, Soweto. USekela mphathi nguNobuntu Hlazo-Webster, umsunguli nomququzeli weSouth African Women's Commission. Usihlalo weqela ngusekela sodolophu wangoku weNelson Mandela Bay uMkhuseli Jack.

Iqela lwaphikisa unyulo lwabo lokuqala kweyeDwarha 2023, lafumana u1% wevoti kunyulo lwewadi yokuqala kuMasipala wasekuhlaleni eSol Plaatjie. 

Eli qela lwaphikisa unyulo lonyaka ka-2024 njengo &quot;mbutho oyingqokelela&quot; wabagqatswa abazimeleyo. UMaimane wema njengemgqatswa wobungameli beqela kunyulo. Iqela lafuman u0.4% wevoti yesizwe kunyulo. 

=== Ukudibana ===
Ngomhla we-5 kweyeDwarha 2025 eliqela labhengeza ukudibana kwalo neGood kunye ne-Rise Mzansi ukubumba i-Unite for Change, iqela elinje elenzelwa ukubhaliswe ukuphikisana nonyulo lukaMasipala lonyaka ka-2026. I-Build One South Africa izoqhubeka ikhona ngokuzimeleyo de kubekho unyulo lukazwelonke kunyaka ka-2029, emva koko idibane ngokupheleleyo kwiqela elitsha. 

Ukudibana kwalamaqela kwaye kwamiswa kuTshazimpunzi 2026, kunye namaqela amathathu esithi : ayinakukwazi ukuba iphunyezwe ngempumelelo phantsi koxinizelelo lwephulo lonyulo&quot;. Ngenxa yoku, amaqela agqiba kwelokuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo kuphikisana nonyulo lukaRhulumente wasekuhlaleni lonyaka ka-2026 ngokwahlukeneyo aze aqhube nenkqubelo yokudityaniswa. 

Okwangoku, I-BOSA idibene nePeople's Prosperity Movement, iqela elincinci elijolise eNtshona-Koloni. 

=== Inzala kaMandela noSisulu ===
Ngenyanga yeSilimela kunyaka ka-2026, eliqela libhengeze ukuba amalungu amabini asuka kwiintsapho ezinempembelelo kwezopolitiko kwelilizwe, uThembela Mandela noZiyeka Sisulu, abazukulwana bakaNelson Mandela noWalter Sisulu ngokuhloniphekileyo, bazimanye neqela, kwaye bayakuphikisana nonyulo lukaMasipala loMzantsi Afrika njengabagqatswa bewadi zedolophu yaseRhawutini.</text>
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